Academic literature on the topic 'Hydraulic structures Developing countries Design and construction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hydraulic structures Developing countries Design and construction"
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Ogbozige, Francis. "Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Models for Manually Operated Rain Gauge Catchment: A Case Study of Port Harcourt Metropolis Using 50 Years Rainfall Data." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 40, no. 2 (February 20, 2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v40i2.731.
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Hydraulic structures such as surface drainages and culverts are usually constructed in urban areas with the intention of draining runoff into nearby streams and rivers in order to avoid flooding. However, most of these structures frequently fail to serve the intended use due to the occurrence of high intensity rainfall accompanied with long duration, which produce runoff discharge higher than their designed capacities. This is common in many developing countries as drainages and culverts are most times constructed without considering hydrological analysis of the catchment. Hence, this research considered Port Harcourt city as a case study by utilizing 50 years rainfall data to develop rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves that will be used for subsequent design of drainages and culverts within the city and its environs. The IDF curves were developed using Gumbel, Pearson type III and Log-Pearson type III distributions at return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 years. However, the durations considered were 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 300, 360 and 420 minutes. Results showed that the IDF equations developed for the three frequency distributions highly correlate with the observed intensities since there goodness of fit (R2 ) ranges from 0.9766 – 0.9865. Also, it was noted that there was no significant difference (p < 0.01) between the predicted rainfall intensities from all the IDF equations and the observed intensities. Notwithstanding, the IDF equation developed for Gumbel distribution was recommended to be given higher priority since it has the highest R2 value.
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Adnan, Muhammad, Faiza Khalid, and Majid Ali. "Compressive Behavior of Interlocking Plastic Blocks Structural Elements Having Slenderness." Buildings 12, no. 12 (December 18, 2022): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12122257.
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Earthquakes are among of the most harmful and potentially fatal natural disasters. Masonry structures in seismic zones of urban and rural areas around the world pose a threat to human life. Housing that is both affordable and earthquake-resistant in earthquake-prone areas is currently in demand in developing countries. For affordable earthquake-resistant structures in earthquake-prone areas, numerous researchers have studied mortar-free interlocking structures. Plastic blocks are used in order to reduce the mass of the overall structure. To start with, structures under gravity are explored first because more than 95% of its design life, any structure has to withstand gravity. Prototypes of interlocking plastic-block columns, solid walls, and walls with an opening are considered for making the mortar-free structures. In this study, the effect of slenderness on the behavior of interlocking-plastic-block structural elements is investigated under compressive loading by a servo-hydraulic testing machine in the laboratory. The effect of slenderness on the behavior of one and two-block-wide structural elements was investigated in terms of the stress–strain curve, energy absorption, and toughness index under compressive loadings. Correlations between the compressive strength of interlocking-plastic-block structural elements with varying thicknesses were found. Scaled-down prototypes of interlocking-plastic-block structural elements having two-block wide depicted more resistance to compressive loads than one block wide structural elements. The correlations among the one and two block wide interlocking-plastic-block columns, single and double-block-wide solid walls, and single and double-block-width walls with an opening found in this analysis were Pdc = 2.2 Psc, Pdsw = 2.9 Pssw, and Pdwo = 3.5 Pswo. This study can be applied in the future to better understand the detailed behavior of interlocking plastic blocks.
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A. K. Aldungarova, T. Mkilima, Ye. B. Utepov, A. S. Tulebekova, and Sh. Zh. Zharassov. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY DOCUMENTS IN THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF DAMS." Science and Technology of Kazakhstan, no. 3.2021 (September 27, 2021): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/vhwm9115.
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The design parameters and characteristics of dams were estimated during the design of dams in the 40–60th of the last century, and require updating, as well as changing the existing methodological approach to their determination. In the article the data of the current state, regulatory, technical and literary sources used at designing, construction and operation of hydraulic structures (HS) are collected, the comparative analysis of normative and technical documentation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, European countries, the USA, China, etc. used at designing and operation of dams is carried out. Examples of world practices in the application of legislation and regulating in terms of dam safety have been considered. A number of normative documents of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the main directions of activity of hydraulic structures, applied at all stages of their existence, from design and construction to operation and liquidation, are determined. The state regulations in the field of architecture, town planning and construction are reviewed, the main purpose of which is to ensure the legally protected needs of citizens and society in creating a favorable and environmentally safe living environment and life, in implementation of architectural, town planning and construction activities, protection of consumer rights of design and construction products, ensuring reliability and safety of construction, sustainable operation of the constructed facilities during operation and maintenance of hydraulic structures. Names and brief contents of standards for dam design in a number of developed countries are given.
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Shunko, Natalia V., Nikolay D. Zuev, and Philip V. Kotov. "A study of the wave action on the structure of a connecting dam at the sea coal terminal." Vestnik MGSU, no. 10 (October 2022): 1372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.10.1372-1380.
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Introduction. The authors present the findings of the physical modeling of the wave impact on the hydraulic structures of the construction facility known as “An offshore coal terminal at Syradasay coal deposit”. The authors have analyzed the experimental studies to provide recommendations on the most effective structural design of the connecting dam.
Materials and methods. The method of physical modeling was employed to conduct the experimental studies Most of construction sciences are based on experimental research and, if the scientific support of structures, including those dealing with hydraulic engineering, is available, physical modeling is the top-priority research method in the international engineering practice. The experiments were conducted in a wave flume, which is a research and experimental facility at the Centre for Hydraulic Engineering Research and Education, NRU MGSU. The most advanced measurement equipment, produced by Wallingford (UK), was employed. The research methodology, used to verify the effectiveness of hydraulic structures, was tested on a large number of design structures that had been examined, built and are being successfully operated.
Results. Given the data of experimental studies, the most effective design of a connecting dam was recommended as part of the design of an offshore coal terminal.
Conclusions. The findings of this research will ensure the construction of an offshore coal terminal, which is built in difficult natural conditions typical for harsh Arctic latitudes, in the area characterized by intensive coal mining (Syradasay coal deposit), which is most relevant for the task of developing cargo port facilities along the Northern Sea Route.
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Chanu, Ningthoujam Monika, and Radhikesh Prasad Nanda. "A Proposed Rapid Visual Screening Procedure for Developing Countries." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 9, no. 2 (July 2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.2018070103.
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Many earthquakes in the past had shown that major damage to structures took place in the absence of proper design, construction, and quality control. Based on the extent of damages caused by earlier earthquakes and the building vulnerability parameters that has caused the damages, a statistical analysis was carried out to develop a vulnerability score sheet. In this score sheet, a vulnerability score is computed considering building attributes such as soft storey, substantial overhang, re-entrant corners, the age of buildings, apparent material and construction quality, eccentric staircase location with respect to building plan, maintenance, soil type and a number of storeys. This score sheet will be a very helpful technique for assessing huge building stocks.
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Imai, Hiroshi, Chikahiro Minowa, Angelito G. Lanuza, Henremagne C. Penarubia, Ishmael C. Narag, Renato U. Soridum, Jr., et al. "A Full-Scale Shaking Table Test on Philippine Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) Masonry Houses." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0113.
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Most of the human casualties in past earthquakes were attributed to the collapse of buildings, particularly masonry constructions in developing countries. Most of these buildings are categorized into “Non-Engineered Construction.” In effect, these structure are spontaneously and informally constructed in various countries in a traditional manner without any or with little intervention in their design by qualified architects and engineers. Unfortunately, these types of buildings have been extensively constructed in most of the seismic prone areas in developing countries. Therefore, the safety of “Non-Engineered Construction” has become one of the most urgent issues in recent years. The concrete hollow block (CHB) masonry structures have recently become common residential structures in the Philippines. A full-scale shaking table test on CHBmasonry structures of Philippine ordinary houses was conducted in Japan. This experiment aims to acquiring a better understanding of the behavior of these structures during major earthquakes, and its results will be used to produce simple seismic evaluation methods as awareness tools, and to disseminate information on safer construction of houses in the Philippines.
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Mendomo Meye, Serges, Guowei Li, Zhenzhong Shen, Jingbin Zhang, Ghislain Franck Emani, and Victor Edem Setordjie. "Dynamic Response and Failure Mechanism of Concrete Arch Dams under Extreme Loadings: A Solid Foundation for Real-World Actions to Reduce Dam Collapse Losses during Wartime or Terrorist Attacks." Water 14, no. 10 (May 21, 2022): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101648.
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With massive energy demands, the majority of developing countries are at a critical juncture in their industrial development. Their energy structure, on the other hand, is relatively specific and heavily reliant on fossil fuels, resulting in significant environmental pollution. As a result, the development of clean energy is on the horizon, which is related not only to whether developing countries can build a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society but also to whether they can achieve socially sustainable development. As a significant clean energy source, not only does hydropower play an important role in the development of an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly green economy, but it also has numerous benefits such as shipping, irrigation, flood control, and water supply. So, hydropower development is critical for developing countries to adjust their energy structures, achieve regional development balance, and ensure river defense safety. However, precision guidance technology is maturing around the world. If one side’s water-retaining dam is accurately blasted in the event of a full-scale war or local conflict, it may cause significant economic and human losses. Dam safety and protection from strong explosions deserve special attention given the obvious seriousness of the consequences. It is critical to improve the anti-explosion safety of major hydraulic structures by revealing the dynamic response behavior, damage mechanism, and dam characteristics under explosion impact loads, as well as evaluating the dam’s condition after extreme loads. In the critical work of disaster prevention and mitigation, this is crucial to our social and economic development. This study is not only a key technical problem and an important strategic task in hydraulic structure construction, but it may also serve as a guideline for governments to take effective measures to reduce the loss of dam break under special circumstances.
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Bass, О. V., Е. S. Vasutkin, and В. I. Efremov. "APPROACH TO REDUCING SHORE EROSION BASED ON APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE PILE BREAKWATER “COMB”." Construction economic and environmental management 80, no. 3 (2022): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2519-4453-2021-3-124-133.
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The article stresses actual importance of protection against coastal erosion almost all over the world, gives short overview of hydraulic structures traditionally used to combat erosion. The problems arising during the operation of such hydraulic structures, the restrictions imposed on them in various countries, are noted, which raises the question of the need to search for new solutions based on modern materials that surpass traditional analogues in strength and durability and create opportunities for new design solutions. One of such solutions is the modular pile breakwater “Comb” in the cover of composite materials, which protects the concrete body of the breakwater from the aggressive marine environment and destructive wave impact. “Comb” provides fast and convenient installation technology, which is several times faster than the speed of construction of traditional breakwaters and allows creating from modules any configuration that is optimal for solving problems of counteracting coastal erosion in a particular area. The design was investigated during several cycles of flume tests in one of the leading Russian specialized laboratories; results were obtained confirming the high efficiency of the Comb structure. This allowed the transition to full-scale field tests of the breakwater
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Bryson, David W., Daniel G. Ghere, and William H. Hulbert. "European Practice for Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-69.
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FHWA, AASHTO, and TRB sponsored a scanning review of European practice for bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures in October 1998. The review involved a panel of representatives from six state highway agencies (California, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon, and South Carolina), FHWA, two universities, and the private sector. The review included visits to hydraulic research laboratories, highway research institutes, and field sites in four countries—Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Findings during the scanning review can be classified as general observations and observations of specific countermeasures. General observations of European practice include design philosophy, risk analysis, environmental policy, river geomorphology, scour prediction, modeling, and inspection and monitoring. Observations of specific countermeasures include riprap design and construction, filter design and construction, river-training structures, riverbed degradation countermeasures, bioengineering, and flow-altering devices. These observations are contrasted with U.S. practice. The panel’s recommendations for modifying U.S. practice on the basis of the European experience and findings that deserve further evaluation are also presented.
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Siddiqua, S., J. A. Blatz, and N. C. Privat. "Evaluating the behaviour of instrumented prototype rockfill dams." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 3 (March 2013): 298–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2011-0371.
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This paper studies the behaviour of prototype rockfill dams under turbulent flow conditions to identify the flow-through characteristics of rockfill materials and examines conventional design principles. Two scales of prototype rockfill dams were studied. The first type of prototype tests included fifteen 0.5 m tall dams constructed with three different downstream slope angles. The dams were monitored for upstream and downstream water level, discharge rate, particle movement on the downstream face, and any noticeable failure (local or global) during the experiments. The second set of prototype tests included two 1.2 m tall dams constructed to study the internal hydraulic conditions and required a flow environment to initiate particle movements in rockfill structures. The results from the testing of small-dimension dams (mini-dams) provided understanding for developing the methodologies to optimize the design and construction of the scale-dam tests. The hydraulic performances of the scale-dams are presented using vibrating-wire piezometers measurements. Experimental data of the stage–discharge relationship are compared with predictive models, which show strong correlations.
Book chapters on the topic "Hydraulic structures Developing countries Design and construction"
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Geng, Weimin, Xiaochao Fu, Renzheng Gu, and Jun Yan. "DMA Design of Water Distribution System Combined with Hydraulic Modelling." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220108.
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Developing countries in Asia face challenges in reducing Non-revenue Water (NRW) and long-term effort is required for water supply companies. The strategies to address NRW mainly include increasing metering accuracy, pipeline rehabilitation, water use management etc., and District Meter Area (DMA) is one of efficient methods to control NRW. This paper describes methodology of designing DMA for water distribution network combined with hydraulic modelling in City A of South Asia. DMA design was implemented and the objection of the project is to reduce the present high levels of NRW. Firstly referring to as-built drawings, proposal for feeder mains was developed based on the Master Plan (target year 2040). Then according to the natural boundary, water supply situation, water quality etc., 19 DMAs were detailly designed. At last, a global model assembling all DMAs and feeder mains was done and applied to analyse the security of supply and check fire flow requirements. On the basis of the design work, construction of feeder mains and DMAs was carried out gradually, and metering facilities and valves were installed as required.
Conference papers on the topic "Hydraulic structures Developing countries Design and construction"
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Soares, José, Pedro Pacheco, Hugo Coelho, André Resende, Diogo Carvalho, and Alberto Torres. "General approach to safety and risk management in bridge construction." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.0794.
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<p>Modern bridge construction equipment are actual living structures, in which human activity plays an important role in equipment safety and structural performance.</p><p>Demand for high productivity pushes the development of increasingly audacious structural concepts, leading to integration of high capacity hydraulic components as pure structural elements.</p><p>The use of large movable structures (LMS) such as launching gantries (LG) or movable scaffolding systems (MSS) is widespread in Europe and North America and specialized crews have been trained throughout the years. Increasing implementation of modern bridge construction processes in developing regions not yet familiarized with inherent construction equipment brings new challenges in terms of safety.</p><p>Safety is the ultimate result of combined and coordinated activity of contractors, bridge designers, construction process developers, manufacturing quality controllers and equipment operators.</p><p>This paper aims to provide a general overview on safety and risk management in bridge construction processes. A multidisciplinary design approach, strongly governed by an effective risk analysis is herein explored, making references to practical examples. Experimental testing may and must be used as complementary design tool. The role of structural monitoring and active control systems is also considered, highlighting the practical example of Organic Prestressing System (OPS), an actively controlled prestressing system that increases structural efficiency.</p><p>Main conclusions drawn in the end may be generalized to other design and construction activities</p>
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"Research on online public participation and online platform construction for historical block protection in the data age." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nidh8405.
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With the implementation of benefit-oriented urban renewal, many historical blocks have lost their identifiability. The historical block is an external entity that is a presentation of urban culture. The disappearance and homogenization of the historical block have directly led to the city losing its place attachment, with the overall identifiability of urban areas becoming weakened. Therefore, it is essential to develop a strategy to protect historical block identifiability in urban planning. Traditional urban planning is dominated by government and developers and is highly dependent on planners’ experience-based judgment but lacks quantitative analysis of public participation. As a result, it is difficult to carry out an objective and comprehensive analysis when facing the complicated situation of historical blocks. The issue of public participation has become an essential issue in the process of urban construction and renewal in China and other developing countries. Based on an analysis of the concept and the characteristics and techniques prevalent in the data age, this article discusses (1) the method and mechanism of public participation in the protection of urban historical blocks and (2) the content and structures of public participation platforms for historical districts. Research indicates that the application of cloud technology and reasonable platform design is the focus of public participation in historical block protection, which can change public participation from passive to active, from “lagged” to “synchronized”.