Journal articles: 'Hydraulic Structures Design'

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Cassidy, John J. "Fluid Mechanics and Design of Hydraulic Structures." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 116, no. 8 (August 1990): 961–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1990)116:8(961).

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Sinha, S. P., and P. D. Murarka. "Computer-aided design of hydraulic press structures." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 10, no. 9 (1988): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90154-9.

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De Rouck, Julien, Koen Van Doorslaer, Jan Goemaere, and Hadewych Verhaeghe. "GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN OF BREAKWATERS IN OSTEND ON VERY SOFT SOIL." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (February 2, 2011): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.67.

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Two new breakwaters are being constructed to protect the renewed harbour entrance in Ostend, Belgium. In this paper, both the hydraulic design and geotechnical design are discussed. For the hydraulic design, model tests have been carried out in a 2-D wave flume to optimise the cross section. Stability of the final breakwater, with special attention to the crest element and the armour unit HARO, and stability during the construction phases were tested. The geotechnical design, especially of the north-western breakwater, was an engineering challenge since it is located above a thick layer of very soft soil. A combination of building in stages (consolidation time) and providing a strong reinforcement (geotextile) solved this issue.

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Wang, Zong Min, Hai Bo Qiu, Bao Jun Yang, and Hong Ling Zhao. "Computer Supported Collaborative Design Based Hydraulic Structures 3D Designing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 1905–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.1905.

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As the rapid growth of three-dimensional (3D) designing approaches to hydraulic structures designing in the last few years, computer supported collaborative design (CSCD) methods and systems are becoming more and more important and essential to the field of hydraulic engineering. This paper introduces the basic concepts of 3D design and CSCD, gives the necessity of 3D and CSCD methods in hydraulic structure designing, conducts a survey of the development stages of hydraulic structure designing and finally proposes a potential way to improve the design process and productivities in the hydraulic structure 3D designing.

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Donahue, John P., and Andrew F. Howard. "Hydraulic design of culverts on forest roads." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 1545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-237.

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Design of drainage structures is an important part of planning forest roads, which usually includes culverts. Determining the appropriate pipe size for a given site involves estimation of expected flows and evaluation of the hydraulic performance of pipes of different sizes. In this paper a review of the hydraulic relationships applicable to the evaluation of pipe hydraulics is presented. A computer model is introduced that incorporates these relationships. The model is used to compare two algorithms for computing headwater depths, given inlet control (supercritical flow). The relative efficiency of four inlet types was also investigated. Results indicate that potential cost savings exist by altering inlet geometry and that computer-assisted design can facilitate accommodation of conflicting design goals.

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Thorenz, Frank, Holger Blum, and Andreas Kortenhaus. "NEW DESIGN OF THE BALTRUM DUNE REVETMENT BASED ON HYDRAULIC MODEL TESTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 15, 2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.75.

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The sandy barrier island of Baltrum is located in the north-western part of the German Federal State Lower Saxony in the North Sea. The north-western part of the island is protected by a dune revetment against storm surges and erosion. In order to determine the functionality and loading of the construction under design storm surge conditions and investigate planning alternatives, numerical modeling of sea state conditions in combination with hydraulical model tests for the construction were executed. Measured overtopping rates of up to 125 l/(s.m) and loads up to 150 kPa showed the necessity to strengthen and heighten the initial construction. A combination of wall elements for wave run-up and overtopping reduction in combination with a crest wall were designed in order to meet the technical demands of coastal defence as well as the touristical needs of an important recreation locality.

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Hesarkazzazi, Sina, Mohsen Hajibabaei, Julian David Reyes-Silva, Peter Krebs, and Robert Sitzenfrei. "Assessing Redundancy in Stormwater Structures Under Hydraulic Design." Water 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041003.

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As environmental change is happening at an unprecedented pace, a reliable and proper urban drainage design is required to alleviate the negative effects of unexpected extreme rainfall events occurring due to the natural and anthropogenic variations such as climate change and urbanization. Since structure/configuration of a stormwater network plays an imperative role in the design and hydraulic behavior of the system, the goal of this paper is to elaborate upon the significance of possessing redundancy (e.g., alternative flow paths as in loops) under simultaneous hydraulic design in stormwater pipe networks. In this work, an innovative approach based on complex network properties is introduced to systematically and successively reduce the number of loops and, therefore, the level of redundancy, from a given grid-like (street) network. A methodology based on hydrodynamic modelling is utilized to find the optimal design costs for all created structures while satisfying a number of hydraulic design constraints. As a general implication, when structures are subject to extreme precipitation events, the overall capability of looped configurations for discharging runoff more efficiently is higher compared to more branched ones. The reason is due to prevailing (additional) storage volume in the system and existing more alternative water flow paths in looped structures, as opposed to the branched ones in which only unique pathways for discharging peak runoff exist. However, the question arises where to best introduce extra paths in the network? By systematically addressing this question with complex network analysis, the influence of downstream loops was identified to be more significant than that of upstream loops. Findings, additionally, indicated that possessing loop and introducing extra capacity without determining appropriate additional pipes positions in the system (flow direction) can even exacerbate the efficiency of water discharge. Considering a reasonable and cost-effective budget, it would, therefore, be worthwhile to install loop-tree-integrated stormwater collection systems with additional pipes at specific locations, especially downstream, to boost the hydraulic reliability and minimize the damage imposed by the surface flooding upon the metropolitan area.

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Farouk, M. I., and I. M. Smith. "Design of hydraulic structures with two intermediate filters." Applied Mathematical Modelling 24, no. 11 (September 2000): 779–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0307-904x(00)00017-2.

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Smith, C. D. "Selection of design flood frequencies for hydraulic structures." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 4 (August 1, 1993): 582–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-075.

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The first step required in the design sequence for a hydraulic structure is selection of the design discharge. The size and cost of the structure will be directly related to the magnitude of this value. If the selected discharge is too large, the structure will be uneconomic; if it is too small, it will be unsafe. The optimum design corresponds to the point where the cost of the structure and the cost of exceeding the design discharge is a minimum. Ideally, the optimizing process should be carried out for each structure. For practical reasons it is not always possible to do this. In such cases, design flood frequencies are used which have apparently been satisfactory for similar structures in the past. Some typical flood frequency values for various structures are given in this paper, along with the rationale for differences in values for different kinds of structures. Key words: design floods, frequency, economics, hydraulic structures.

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Dakhlaoui, Mohamed, Didier Gaujous, Georges Raimbault, and Jean-Pierre Tabuchi. "Water diffusion device design in reservoir structures." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0018.

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In order to reduce urban runoff flowrates, reservoir structures are now used. Such use often implies the injection of rainwater coming from nearby buildings or catchments through these structures. This injection requires some diffusion devices to secure the homogeneous filling of the structure. This paper presents some useful instructions for the design of such devices. It provides information about diffused flowrates through a drain element according to the inside piezometric water head. It also deals with the hydraulic behaviour of a drain supplied with water from one end. A numerical model simulates this hydraulic behaviour. Lastly, a chart is provided in order to help water diffusion device designers.

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Li, Shu Min. "Development & Design of Large-Tonnage and Great-Height Hydraulic Continuous and Synchronous Jack-Up System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.577.

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At present, as the increasing of ultra-large structures, the contradiction that domestic lifting equipments can not meet the requirement of ultra-large structure’s lifting has become increasingly prominent. Based on the need of ultra-large steel structures (offshore oil platforms) jack-up, using strength theory and finite element analysis, a hydraulic continuous jack-up system for ultra-large structures’ jack-up was studied in this article. A new control system, which combines mechanics, hydraulics and electrics, was presented. More particularly, the modules of speed control and multi-cylinder synchronous control for the ultra-large structure’s lifting was designed. In the WINCC environment, a human-computer interface (control software) was developed by VB to achieve the system's real time monitoring and synchronization control. All movements of the jack-up system could be controlled through the software. To conclude, the jack-up system consists of two parts: the mechanical support structures and the control system. The former can assure great height (10m or more) jack-up, and the later can accomplish multi-point (more than 4 points) synchronous jack-up.

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Naderi Rad, Iman. "Application of Numerical Methods in Design of Hydraulic Structures." Communications on Advanced Computational Science with Applications 2016, no. 1 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5899/2016/cacsa-00050.

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Gates, Timothy K., and Abdelmohsen A. Alshaikh. "Stochastic Design of Hydraulic Structures in Irrigation Canal Networks." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 119, no. 2 (March 1993): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1993)119:2(346).

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Ilyushin, V. F. "Design of concrete plugs in temporary underground hydraulic structures." Hydrotechnical Construction 22, no. 6 (June 1988): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01426822.

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Corredor Molguero, Antonio, M. Esther GÃ³mez-MartÃn, Enrique PeÃ±a, and Josep R. Medina. "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE WESTERN BREAKWATER FOR THE OUTER PORT AT PUNTA LANGOSTEIRA (A CORUÃ‘A, SPAIN)." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.14.

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This paper describes the design process, hydraulic stability tests and construction of the CubipodÂ® armored Western breakwater at Punta Langosteira (Outer Port of A CoruÃ±a, Spain), located on the Atlantic coast of Spain. The environmental, geotechnical, economic and logistic conditions favored randomly-placed Cubipods for single-layer armoring of the trunk. 3D hydraulic stability tests were carried out to validate the final design of the Western Breakwater; two models were tested with single- and double-layer Cubipod armors in the trunk and roundhead, respectively. Single-layer 25- and 30-tonne CubipodÂ® armors were used for the trunk section and a double-layer 45-tonne CubipodÂ® armor was used for the roundhead. During this project, new challenges were overcome, such as constructing a transition between single and double-layer armors, and manufacturing and handling of 45-tonne Cubipods. The transition in the armor thickness was solved by modifying the filter thickness under the main armor, to ensure a homogeneous external armor profile. Breakwater construction finished in November 2016 with no significant problem or delay in the original schedule.

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WÃ¶ffler, Theide, Moritz Kreyenschulte, Jan Oetjen, Klemens Uliczka, and Holger SchÃ¼ttrumpf. "SMALL-SCALE MODEL TESTS ON THE HYDRAULIC STABILITY OF STRUCTURES IN TIDAL WATERWAYS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.46.

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During the last years, an increased amount of damage has been observed on estuarine and riverine waterway structures such as groins or training walls in tidal waterways. The cause of these damages could be attributed to ship-induced long-periodic waves. Because of higher traffic volumes and increased ship dimensions these loads have risen. In contrast to short-periodic secondary waves, the long-periodic wave system is not taken into account in existing design approaches so far. In the framework of the project â€œShip-induced long-periodic loads for the design of cover layers on maritime waterway structuresâ€ small-scale 2D physical model tests have been performed in order to quantify the specific overflow and overtopping rate taking into account different geometries, surface roughnesses and permeabilities of the structures as well as stationary overflow, short- and long-periodic waves. Furthermore, the stability of the structures under short- and long-periodic wave loads has been observed. These tests provide the basis for the design of cover layers on river structures in maritime waterways.

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Kouichirou, Anno, and Takeshi Nishihata. "DEVELOPMENT ON OFFSHORE STRUCTURE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 31, 2011): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.50.

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Authors have developed the offshore structure for control of sea environment named S-VHS construction method, which is composed of the sloping top slit-type caisson and steel pipe piles. The sloping top form enables to realize the remarkable reduction of wave force exerted on the dike body compared with the conventional one. In this paper, hydraulic feature with wave dissipation ability and wave force reduction effect are verified through some hydraulic experiments. After the preliminary study for the valid structure form, reflection and transmission ability for the selected structure models were tested with the hydraulic experiment relevant to the ratio of caisson width and wave length. Finally, wave force experiment was executed and it revealed the performance of wave force reduction. Based on the results, we proposed specific design wave force formula for S-VHS construction method.

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Marie, COUTOSTHEVENOT, and HONG Kyung-Wook. "TOE BERM DESIGN FOR RUBBLE-MOUND BREAKWATERS: EXAMPLE OF THE SAFI POWER PLANT PROJECT." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.34.

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DAEWOO E&C (Engineering & Construction) is in charge constructing a new 1320 MW coal-fired power plant located approximately 15 km south-west of the city of Safi in Morocco. ARTELIA Eau & Environnement was appointed by the Contractor to perform the hydraulic design review of the rubble-mound breakwaters protecting the intake and outfall. The toe berm is a key design feature of rubble-mound breakwaters built in breaking conditions, since it helps to support the armour layer and protect the structure from potential scour-induced damage. The initial toe berm design was based on Van Der Meerâ€™s empirical formula (1998). Due to the very shallow water conditions, the toe design was verified through physical model tests (2D and 3D) in ARTELIAâ€™s hydraulics laboratory located in Pont-de-Claix, near Grenoble (France). The physical model tests demonstrated that the toe berm (6t rocks, 3:1 slope) was not stable at key singular locations, namely roundheads and roots, where direct impacts of breaking waves caused severe damage. Given the site conditions and the construction methods, the usual solutions consisting in increasing the rock size and/or placing the toe berm in a trench had to be ruled out. It was hence decided to reinforce the toe with artificial blocks and to use rectangular concrete blocks with holes. These blocks reduced the anti-stabilizing pressure difference between the top and bottom of the blocks (Tanimoto et al., 1996) and drag force due to the considerable current. They are more usually used at the toe of vertical caissons.

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Demeke, Getnet Kebede, Dereje Hailu Asfaw, and Yilma Seleshi Shiferaw. "3D Hydrodynamic Modelling Enhances the Design of Tendaho Dam Spillway, Ethiopia." Water 11, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010082.

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Hydraulic structures are often complex and in many cases their designs require attention so that the flow behavior around hydraulic structures and their influence on the environment can be predicted accurately. Currently, more efficient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes can solve the Navier–Stokes equations in three-dimensions and free surface computation in a significantly improved manner. CFD has evolved into a powerful tool in simulating fluid flows. In addition, CFD with its advantages of lower cost and greater flexibility can reasonably predict the mean characteristics of flows such as velocity distributions, pressure distributions, and water surface profiles of complex problems in hydraulic engineering. In Ethiopia, Tendaho Dam Spillway was constructed recently, and one flood passed over the spillway. Although the flood was below the designed capacity, there was an overflow due to superelevation at the bend. Therefore, design of complex hydraulic structures using the state-of- art of 3D hydrodynamic modelling enhances the safety of the structures. 3D hydrodynamic modelling was used to verify the safety of the spillway using designed data and the result showed that the constructed hydraulic section is not safe unless it is modified.

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Mambetov, E. M., and S. S. Satarkulov. "TO THE WAY OF WATER OUTLETS IMPROVEMENT FROM OPEN CIPCUITS." Herald of KSUCTA n a N Isanov, no. 2-2020 (July 6, 2020): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35803/1694-5298.2020.2.314-318.

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The article is devoted to one of the well-known and widely used net hydraulic structures - ordinary outlets from open watercourses. It is shown that there are a number of disadvantages (poor hydraulics, low flow capacity, etc.) of outlets, despite their simplicity, while these are not associated with the design of structures, but with their layout.

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Kruglov, G. G., N. N. Linkevich, and O. V. Nemerovets. "Filtration Bypassing Retaining Hydraulic Structures." Science & Technique 19, no. 3 (June 5, 2020): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-3-252-257.

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Concrete dams that are part of river waterworks are integrated with earthworks or with banks using coastal abutments. If the soil of cost or earthen dam is permeable, then in the zone of contiguity water filtration occurs around the coastal abutment. Calculation of filtration bypassing the coastal abutment at specified water levels in the upper and lower pools is performed with the aim of constructing an encircling curve of depression and determining a gradient of filtration flow that controls the filtration strength of the soil beyond the abutment. This problem has no theoretical solutions – in view of its complexity, approximate calculation methods have been developed for individual calculation schemes. For the case when the soil behind the coastal abutment is homogeneous and isotropic, groundwater inflow from the coast is absent or insignificant and can be neglected, and the coastal abutment is located on a water bed and approximate methods by V. P. Nedrigi and R. R. Chugaeva are proposed in the paper. The experience of surveying a number of Belarusian hydropower stations has shown that the absence of a justified prediction pertaining to the position of groundwater levels beyond the estuary leads to a decrease in the strength and stability of the coastal abutment and its possible destruction. An experimental verification of the approximate method for calculation filtration bypassing the coastal abutment developed by R. R. Chugaev has been carried out in laboratory conditions. According to the obtained experience a depression curve encircling the abutment has been constructed which show good agreement between experimental and calculated data that allows to use this method for reasonable design of coastal abutment structures ensuring their reliable operation.

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Li, Xiang, Guan Tong, and You Hui Zhou. "The Lightweight Design and Simulation of Hydraulic Steel Gate with Metal Sandwich Construction." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.539.

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The paper applies composite technology into the field of hydraulic metal structures and hydropower construction mechanical equipment design, and presents the method of optimum design of hydraulic steel gate metal sandwich construction and simulation analysis. According to characteristics of the structure of the flat hydraulic steel gate and selecting the appropriate metal sandwich construction, this paper optimize the design of a hydraulic steel gate of metal sandwich construction from the perspective of light-weight purpose of structure. Considering the overall mechanical behavior of steel gate structures and using technology of three-dimensional modeling and numerical simulation, this paper has a numerical simulation analysis on the optimum hydraulic steel gate. Numerical simulation analysis and theoretical calculation results show the optimum structure of hydraulic steel gate is reasonably practicable.

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Suzuki, Kojiro, Kenichiro Shimosako, and Ryota Gushi. "CAISSON WALL BREAKAGE OF SLOPING TOP BREAKWATER DUE TO COLLISION OF LARGE WAVE DISSIPATING BLOCKS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.18.

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A sloping top breakwater covered with wave dissipating blocks (STBWB) has been developed and placed in service under extremely large wave conditions in Japan. The U-breakwater in N-port, designed as an STBWB, and constructed using 50t Dolos (Kd number 20) has been in service since the 1980s. Recently, newly developed 100t wave dissipating blocks (Kd number 10) were used to extend the U-breakwater. The stability of the new U-breakwater blocks was certificated by hydraulic experiment of detailed design. However, breakage of caisson wall, as shown in Figure 1, was caused by the large wave energy of Typhoon 19 in 2014. To clarify the failure mechanics, we conducted a series of hydraulic experiments.

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Kim, Young-Taek, Jong-In Lee, and Sungwon Shin. "MODEL TESTS ON WAVE TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT FOR RUBBLE MOUND STRUCTURES WITH SUPERSTRUCTURES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.17.

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The coastal structures, such as breakwaters, are constructed to provide the calm basin for ships and to protect the harbor facilities. The adequate design and the evaluation of design parameters are indispensable. The determination of crest height of coastal structures is one of the most important design process among all procedures. The allowable wave overtopping, the relative crest height (Rc/Hs) and the wave transmission could be applied to design the crest height of structures. The previous studies on the wave transmission coefficients were mainly conducted about the low crested structures. The previous design method could not cover the conventional breakwaters with superstructures. In this study, the wave transmission coefficient for rubble mound structures with superstructures would be investigated with hydraulic model tests.

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Shen, Wei. "Crack Resistance Design for the Circular Hydraulic Tunnel Lining Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1851.

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In this paper, an indoor large scale model test on the crack resistance of hydraulic tunnel structure which has first adopted the real water load in China was conducted in Dalian University of Technology. The model test can reveal the load carrying capacity and the deformation of the lining structure effectively. Based on the test results, models respectively for the mean crack width and the mean stress of reinforcing bars were developed and then compared with existing monitoring data provided by a hydroelectric station. The results shows that the model for predicting the crack width of lining structure has a good accuracy and thus is of great value in the engineering application.

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Mostkov, V. M., and V. F. Ilyushin. "Improvement of the layouts and design of underground hydraulic structures." Hydrotechnical Construction 21, no. 9 (September 1987): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01442633.

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Tsimbelman, N. Ya, T. I. Chernova, and T. E. Shalaya. "Engineering Analysis Methods for Hydraulic Shell Structures with Infill." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 779–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.779.

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The article examines the history of development and state-of-the-art of the design theory of structures of filled shells delivered in “Civil Engineering” specialist, MSc, and postgraduate engineering disciplines courses. The analysis of the engineering design methods based on the theory of shells propositions has been performed. Structural numerical model field of application expansion has been proved. The obtained parameters and proposed methods can be used in numerical simulations using finite element method to analyze and design the thin shell structures with soil infill. The propositions reflecting state-of-the-art of the design theory of the structures under consideration have been set; their place in the logic of delivering engineering disciplines taught to civil engineering students has been designated.

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Banijamali, Babak, and Morteza Banijamali. "BASIC DESIGN OF THE PARS PETROCHEMICAL PORT BREAKWATERS WITHIN A REGION OF DEEP WATER AND HIGH SEISMIC ACTIVITY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 30, 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.36.

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This article addresses certain notable breakwater design aspects for the rare case of the Pars Petrochemical Port, where fairly slender rubble-mound breakwaters are located in water depths exceeding 32 meters within a seismically active zone. Due to the cryogenic cargo pipe-racks being placed atop breakwater crests, the design process has had to be concerned with seismic risks where the stability and deformations of breakwaters during earthquakes are important enough to govern the overall design as well as the more conventional hydraulic and geotechnical considerations. Moreover, some construction related issues pertinent to this fast-track project and the use of dredged material in the breakwater core are also discussed.

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Courtice, Gregory J., Abul Basar M. Baki, David Z. Zhu, Christopher L. Cahill, and William M. Tonn. "Stream habitat connectivity in the Canadian Arctic: an on-site approach to design and construction." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 2 (February 2016): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2015-0241.

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We developed a successful on-site approach for design and construction of stream modifications that addressed challenging remote-site conditions of limited field data and available construction materials. Fish habitat connectivity enhancements were constructed within an Arctic headwater stream containing a naturally impassable cascade section with 13% slope, which was bypassed in a newly constructed channel at 5% slope with nature-like fishpass structures. Primary design considerations included (1) creating suitable hydraulic characteristics for fish passage in periods of high and low discharges; (2) reducing drop heights and creating unimpeded flow paths; (3) improving hydraulic complexity for a variety of stream habitats; and (4) salvaging and incorporating vegetation disturbed from construction activities into riparian and in-stream habitat structures. In high gradient reaches (2.5%–5%), we constructed boulder weirs, boulder chokes, and deflection boulders to overcome migration impediments. In medium gradient reaches (1.5–2.5%), rock ramps, boulder chokes, and deflection boulders were constructed to control hydraulic characteristics to ensure an unimpeded flow path, suitable hydraulic complexity, and resting zones. At lower gradients (<1.5%), we incorporated a softer approach using riparian vegetation and in-stream woody debris to ensure a similar quality of fish habitat as created in the higher gradient reaches. Initial hydraulic responses to the modifications indicated this reconstructed channel provided suitable hydraulic and habitat characteristics for habitat connectivity throughout the entire stream. Our findings advance understanding of headwater stream hydraulics in the Canadian Arctic and will assist in designing future stream restoration and fish habitat compensation projects on small and remote systems. This case study supports the feasibility of successfully constructing future habitat compensation projects in challenging remote environments when using an on-site, adaptive design and construction approach.

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Zhang, Hong, Zili Luo, and Jin Guo. "Design of Automatic Positioning Equipment for Cross Beam." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010017.

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By analyzing and summarizing the process and requirements of cross beam installation, an underwater three-direction positioning equipment is developed. Through three sets of hydraulic cylinders and MGE sliders combining hydraulic synchronizing lifting technique and computer communication technology, precise automatic positioning is achieved. The equipment can be used in positioning other similar large structures.

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Van den Bosch, Ilse, Erik Ten Oever, Pieter Bakker, and Markus Muttray. "STABILITY OF INTERLOCKING ARMOUR UNITS ON A BREAKWATER CREST." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.11.

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The hydraulic stability of single layer, interlocking armour units on low crested and submerged breakwaters was investigated in 2D hydraulic model tests. Displacements of armour units and rocking were monitored and have been applied as indicators for the armour layer stability on the crest, front and rear slope. The effect of freeboard, packing density and wave steepness on the armour layer stability have been investigated. The stability of interlocking concrete armour units on low crested and submerged structures is qualitatively different from rock armour. About 40% to 50% larger armour units are required on the seaward slope and crest of low crested structures (as compared to conventional high crested breakwaters). About 35% larger armour units are required on the rear slope. Larger armour units are not required on submerged breakwaters if the water depth on the crest exceeds 50% of design wave height.

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Toda, K., and K. Inoue. "Hydraulic design of intake structures of deeply located underground tunnel systems." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0461.

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This paper deals with hydraulic effects of intake structures of underground storage or tunnel systems from the aspect of energy dissipation and entrained air control. First, through the literature reviews, the advantage of vortex-flow dropshaft type is confirmed. Next, with the analytical solutions of free-surface swirling flows in vertical dropshaft, the energy dissipation effects of vortex-flow dropshaft are examined and some results of practical use are obtained. Also, the relation between the dropshaft shape and air entrainment is studied and the excellent of the helicoidal-ramp dropshaft is clarified. Based on the above results, the directions of the hydraulic designs of drop structures are proposed.

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ARIKAN, Sukru Emrah, Nurgul GULTEKIN, Alp Kucukosmanoglu, Berguzar Ozbahceci, Mehmet SAG, Yasin KILIC, and Fariz KOCA. "PHYSICAL MODEL EXPERIMENTS OF ORDU-GIRESUN AIRPORT, TURKEY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.16.

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Ordu-Giresun Airport, which has been constructed recently, being an example of the aviation sector of Turkish transportation network, is a project having marine structural aspects due to the construction at the sea by filling and in this workout physical model experiments of the project are evaluated. 3000-meters-long runway and the other superstructures of the airport, the first example of construction of such a structure by filling in the sea in Turkey, is to be protected by a breakwater of 7435 meters long. â€˜First Cross Sectionâ€™ has been prepared by using experimental formulas and artificial neural network and â€˜Second Cross Sectionâ€™, being the alternative of the first one has been planned. Yet, both cross sections have similar characteristics, they have berm heights in such a manner that â€˜First Cross Sectionâ€™ enables the structure to be constructed from the sea, whereas â€˜Second Cross Sectionâ€™ makes it possible from the land. Both cross sections are aimed to be evaluated in terms of stability, wave overtopping and economy through the hydraulic model studies performed at the Hydraulics Laboratory of Turkish Ministry of Transportation, Maritime Affairs and Communication. Starting from design stage (computation of design wave characteristics, physical model experiment under different wave conditions on different structure alternatives) to construction stage the engineering studies is presented with comparisons and discussions.

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Corredor, Antonio, Moisés Santos, M. Esther Gómez-Martín, and Josep R. Medina. "PLACEMENT OF CUBIPOD ARMOR UNITS IN SAN ANDRÉS BREAKWATER (PORT OF MALAGA, SPAIN)." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 18, 2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.6.

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Single- and double-layer Cubipod armors were considered in the preliminary design of the San Andrés breakwater (Port of Malaga, Spain). 2D and 3D hydraulic stability and overtopping tests for single- and double-layer Cubipod armors were carried out as well as realistic 3D placement tests using a small-scale crawler crane and pressure clamps. The low bearing capacity of the sea bottom and the uncertainty about breakwater settlements were the key factors to use the double-layer Cubipod armor in the final design. Optimum placement grids are different for straight trunk, curved trunk and roundhead designs; the dimensionless plan curvature is the key factor for optimum placement grids. The bottom Cubipod armor layer placed on 1-tonne quarrystone was better placed with lower porosity than the upper Cubipod layer placed on 6-tonne (2.6 m3) Cubipods. The on-going prototype placement method with a crawler crane and pressure clamps is similar to that used in the small-scale tests.

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35

Хujakulov, Rustam, M. Zaripov, and U. Normurodov. "Subsidence deformations of the foundations of hydraulic structures." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403069.

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One of the most important tasks in designing and constructing reclamation network structures on loess subsidence soils is to ensure their long-term trouble-free operation. The improvement of methods for the design of hydraulic structures on subsidence foundations requires further study of very complex physical processes occurring in the foundations of structures during their construction and operation. This is confirmed by the fact that even if all the requirements and recommendations of regulatory documents for the design of irrigation systems on subsiding soils are observed, the deformations of the foundations of structures often significantly exceed the calculated ones, which can cause a loss of serviceability of irrigation structures. This determines the need for further study peculiarities of interaction of irrigation structures with their subsidence bases. This article is devoted to this problem, in particular, to the study of the influence of stress redistribution in wetted subsidence foundations of hydraulic structures on the stressed state of their elements and the stress-strain state of loess subsidence foundations on the models of float bets of hydraulic structures in the Karshi steppe.

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36

Oumeraci, Hocine, Tijl Staal, Saskia Pfoertner, Matthias Kudella, Stefan Schimmels, and Henk Jan Verhagen. "HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF ELASTOMERIC BONDED PERMEABLE REVETMENTS AND SUBSOIL RESPONSE TO WAVE LOADS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 21, 2011): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.structures.22.

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Elastomeric bonded permeable revetments, also called PBA (Polyurethane bonded aggregate) revetments, are highly porous structures made of mineral aggregates (e.g. crushed stones) which are durably and elastically bonded by polyurethane (PU). Despite their numerous advantages as compared to conventional revetments and the large experience available from more than 25 pilot projects, physically-based design formulae to predict their hydraulic performance, wave loading and response are still lacking. Therefore, the present study aims at improving the understanding of the processes involved in the interaction between wave, revetment and foundation, based on large-scale model tests performed in the Coastal Research Centre (FZK), Hannover/Germany, and to provide prediction formulae/diagrams. This paper is focused on the prediction of the hydraulic performance (wave reflection, wave run-up and run-down) and the response of the sand core (pore pressure and effective stress) beneath the revetment for a wide range of wave conditions, including the analysis of an observed failure due to transient soil liquefaction.

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Berring, J., K. Kianfar, C. Lira, C. Menon, and F. Scarpa. "A smart hydraulic joint for future implementation in robotic structures." Robotica 28, no. 7 (January 18, 2010): 1045–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574709990907.

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SUMMARYA hydraulic flexible joint inspired by the actuation system of spiders is investigated in this paper. Its design and characteristics are discussed and a mathematical model is developed to describe its static behaviour. Results of experimental tests are presented to validate its performance. A comparison to other hydraulic actuation systems is performed. The use of the proposed hydraulic flexible joint in adaptive robotic structures is addressed and discussed.

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Tung, Yeou‐Koung. "Effects of Uncertainties on Optimal Risk‐Based Design of Hydraulic Structures." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 113, no. 5 (September 1987): 709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1987)113:5(709).

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39

Vasil'ev, A. B., and Yu B. Mgalobelov. "Standardization of the safety of hydraulic structures during the design stage." Hydrotechnical Construction 27, no. 12 (December 1993): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01545710.

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40

Zalesov, A. S., O. D. Rubin, and S. E. Lisichkin. "Higher safety of massive hydraulic structures based on improved design norms." Hydrotechnical Construction 28, no. 9 (September 1994): 554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01545859.

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41

Tacail, François G., Barry Evans, and Alan Babb. "Case study of a labyrinth weir spillway." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 17, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l90-001.

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A labyrinth weir is an effective and economical means of providing increased spillway capacity under some restricted operating conditions. This type of weir is particularly suited to reservoir sites where a low head to high discharge relation is required, the topography restricts the spillway width, and a self-operating structure is highly desirable for emergency operation. Over the past few decades, labyrinth weir spillways have been constructed throughout the world. Definitive guidelines and theoretical procedures pertaining to hydraulic design of this type of weir are not completely established. The designer is confronted with the use of empirical methods for determining spillway configurations which require careful design and verification by use of a hydraulic model. This paper describes the design and hydraulic model study conducted for a labyrinth weir arrangement proposed for the South Heart Dam in northern Alberta. The model study permitted the designers to adopt a more efficient two-cycle weir for the same spillway width as opposed to an initially proposed three-cycle labyrinth weir. Key words: labyrinth weir, spillways, weirs, floods, hydraulic structures, hydraulics.

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42

VÃlchez, Montse, Pilar DÃaz-Carrasco, MarÃa Clavero, Miguel Ortega-SÃ¡nchez, and Miguel A. Losada. "VERIFICATION OF THE CROWN WALL STABILITY TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE CURVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.10.

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The design of a breakwater requires that the failure modes which can affect its security, functionality and operationality in its useful life are bounded. The failure modes can be verified by means of the corresponding verification equation. In this work, a unified methodology to verify simultaneously the failure modes produce by wind waves in front or face of the breakwater is presented. This methodology is based on formulate the verification equations of the failure modes forced by wind waves in the front or face of the breakwater in terms of the kinematic and dynamic variables of the flow at these locations. It has been applied to analyse the failure mode that considers sliding of the crown wall. Results show that the parameters of the pdf of these variables depend on the total wave height at the same location and therefore, the verification equation can be also formulated in terms of this variable.

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GarcÃa, Rolando. "A VORTEX DROP STRUCTURE AS DEAERATION SYSTEM FOR A SUBMARINE OUTFALL PIPELINE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.structures.16.

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Use of submarine outfall pipelines became more common since World Bank Group issued a new guideline for maximum emissions levels for thermal power plants in 1998 (van Dijk, 2005). The more restrictive levels for temperature increase at the receiving water, requires outfall systems to conduct the water down to greater depths to achieve the required dilution standard. However, air entrainment control into outfall pipes could be challenging, especially for discharges with high flowrates for which conventional deaeration chambers become too large. The problem could turn more difficult in coastal shelf areas at seismic zones, where the hydraulic height of the incoming flow must be effectively controlled and the design not only has to pursue hydraulic objectives but also stability requirements for these massive structures subjected to relevant seismic thrusts. A vortex drop structure was designed for the cooling water discharge system of a thermal power plant in Mejillones Bay, Chile. The structure addresses the elevation difference between the return flow pipe and the ocean outfall pipelines while adhering to the spatial restrictions at the project site. Energy dissipation as well as limitation of air entrainment into the outfall pipelines were critical design considerations. Tests where done on a 1:12.5 scale (Froude) physical model. Prototype structure is under construction. Operation is planned to start on mid-2018.

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Frishter, Lyudmila, and Alexander Isaikin. "Pre-design inspection of the long-term operation lock." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 05018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199705018.

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For hydraulic structures of long-term operation, assessments of operating life, limit states and safety of structures are required. The design of reconstruction, restoration of functional parameters of structures is preceded by pre-design inspections of the structure. The relevance of pre-design inspections is the need to assess the characteristics of technical and operating state of the structure, to describe reasons for deviations from design parameters of operation, to obtain recommendations to justify the design of reconstruction, restoration or repair of structures. This article presents the results of a pre-design inspection of a high-pressure lock on the Ufa River. An analysis of the complex of effects on the stress-strain state of the structure, static calculation of the lock chamber wall is carried out considering design changes during the operation period – installation of additional buttresses, vibrodynamic inspection and calculation. The obtained calculation results are compared with data of instrumentation equipment. The purpose of the inspection is to obtain a preliminary design assessment of technical state of the hydraulic structure – lock, including an assessment of the possibility of further operation. The practical significance of the paper is determined by the fact that the results obtained can serve as baseline data for a design of reconstruction, restoration of a hydraulic structure and recommendations for ensuring its long-term safe operation.

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Zhao, Xi Jing, Jun Min Lu, and Rui Luo. "Design of Shield Hydraulic Support with Variable Parameters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 1411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.1411.

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This paper builds the design platform for the shield hydraulic support with variable parameters.The platform characterizes the following aspects: support’s mechanical modeling, the whole and parts designing,strength checking. With the aid of VC++ software development environment, the mechanical model with variable parameters is set up and the support design is carried on,including design and check of the whole support and its components,such as top beam,shielding beam,the baseboard and so on. The development of this software could shorten the research and development periods of supports with similar structures and provide the research and development platform for the support design.

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Meinen, Nadieh Elisabeth, Raphaël Daniël Johannes Maria Steenbergen, Bas Hofland, and Sebastiaan Nicolaas Jonkman. "Applicability of the Goda–Takahashi Wave Load Formula for Vertical Slender Hydraulic Structures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110868.

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Vertical slender hydraulic structures such as sluices, navigation locks, or storm-surge barriers are often dynamically loaded by waves. For a safe and economic design, an accurate description of the wave loads is needed. A widely used formula for this purpose is the Goda–Takahashi wave load formula (GT). It was derived for the assessment of gravity-based caisson breakwaters. Due to its many advantages, the formula is also often employed for the assessment of vertical slender hydraulic structures, although its applicability to those type of structures was never fully demonstrated. This study provides insights in the applicability of GT for vertical slender hydraulic structures. This is done based on a literature review on the historical backgrounds of GT, and an investigation of several case-studies. In the case-studies, the equivalent-static wave loads for caisson breakwaters in scope of GT are compared with those for vertical slender hydraulic structures. The results show that GT can safely be applied for vertical slender hydraulic structures loaded by pulsating wave loads, but that systematic over- or under-estimations are expected for breaking or impact wave loads. For individual cases, differences up to 200% were obtained. These large over- or under-estimations underline the need for an improvement of the current design tools for vertical slender hydraulic structures loaded by breaking or impact wave loads.

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Khayitov, Kholmurod, and Nilufar Avilova. "Scientific and practical substantiation of geodetic and topographic works using GIS software in the design of hydraulic structures." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128402006.

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In this article, the scientific and practical basis of geodetic and topographic work in the design of hydraulic structures and solutions intended to improve them using GIS (Geoinformation Systems) were analysed. Geodetic and topographic works are the basis for the design, construction and reconstruction of hydraulic structures in Uzbekistan. A systematic approach to the analysis of geodetic and topographic works in the design of hydraulic structures was chosen, which was used to determine the essence of the processes and laws of scientific substantiation of projects of various hydraulic structures. The geological and topographic works were carried out to monitor the condition of the Karshi main canal, and besides, several other irrigation canals in the Kashkadarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan were studied. The main task of the Karshi main canal is to supply water to various industries, offices, institutions and irrigation canals. After taking the horizontal and vertical topographic data of the Hisorak Reservoir and processing it using the Global Mapper software, a 3D dimensional model of the Hisorak Reservoir was created.

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Vonderbank, Tobias, and Katharina Schmitz. "Conceptual Design of Electromechanical Actuation Systems for Large-Sized Directional Control Valves." Actuators 10, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060133.

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Increasing performance in modern hydraulics is achieved by a close investigation of possible enhancements of its components. Prior research has pointed out that electromechanical actuators can form suitable alternatives to hydraulically piloted control systems. Since the requirements at these actuation systems depend on the operating conditions of the system, each actuator can be optimized to the respective hydraulic system. Considering that many different conceptual designs are suitable, the phase of conceptual design plays a decisive role during the design process. Therefore, this paper focuses on the process of developing new conceptual designs for electromechanical valve actuation systems using the method of function structures. Aiming to identify special design features, which need to be considered during the design process of electromechanical actuation systems, an exemplary actuator was designed based on the derived function structure. To highlight the potential of function structures for the development of new electromechanical valve actuation systems, two principal concepts, which allow the reduction of the necessary forces, have been developed by extending the function structure. These concepts have been experimentally investigated to identify their advantages and disadvantages.

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Pryshlyak, Viktor, and Viktor Dubchak. "FINDING THE SIZE OF PRESSURE FORCE ON UNDERWATER HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES IN DESIGN AND AGRICULTURAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(108) (August 27, 2020): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-1-13.

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The article presents the results of scientific analytical studies that provide finding the pressure force on underwater hydraulic structures, such as, dams of hydroelectric power stations, sedimentation tanks for liquid organic fertilizers, sewage, coastal fortifications of lakes, rivers, ponds, etc. Practical experience in industrial and pedagogical activity and the analysis of inventive and scientific research of domestic as well as foreign scientists showed that constructive, technological and economic feasibility, operational safety of underwater hydraulic structures requires further analytical and calculation studies based on mathematical optimization methods. Of particular great scientific interest are the achievements of Chinese scientists. Their achievements from the calculation, design, construction and operation of hydraulic structures of small and large hydroelectric power stations are recognized by scientists, designers and manufacturers in the world. The work is based on research aimed at the mathematical justification of the parameters of a rectangular and trapezoidal airlock and a circular hatch, which is located at an arbitrary, optimally justified depth. It was taken into account that new students are enrolled in universities annually for training, they need to obtain knowledge based on the strength of the structures of objects with the use of innovative techniques based on the fundamental mathematical apparatus. The formation of professional competencies of agricultural engineers should ensure the ability to apply in their work the theoretical foundations and basic methods of physics and mathematics, hydrostatics, dynamics, fluid mechanics for the calculation and design of technical objects, and, of course, underwater hydraulic structures. Agroengineers should be able to perform strength calculations on the walls of tanks of any geometric profiles for storing liquids, as well as side walls and bottoms of hydraulic structures, bodies located in liquids.

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Volgin, George. "The hydraulic resistance coefficient in the conditions of simultaneous effect of Re, Fr and Unknown node mfrac found in MathML fragment.$ {B \over h} $." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 05031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199705031.

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One of the most important tasks of engineering hydraulics is to determine the energy loss during the motion of the fluid flow. The study of the question of whether the patterns of hydraulic resistances are similar in a calm and turbulent flow is relevant in the design of hydraulic structures. In most cases, a turbulent regime of fluid motion is observed in various applications, but to date, the theory of turbulence is not considered complete. When designing hydraulic structures, inaccuracies in the existing calculation methods can lead to a decrease in the efficiency and reliability of the entire spillway structure as a whole. The need for an integrated approach to the analysis of the impact on the hydraulic resistance of various factors is noted (degree of spread $ \left( {{B \over h}} \right) $), the degree of turbulence (Re) and the degree of flow roughness (Fr)), which is not always provided by known dependencies and methods of calculation. On the basis of our own experimental data, a new formula for calculating the hydraulic resistance of turbulent flows in smooth channels was obtained. The functional dependence of the hydraulic resistance coefficient on the parameters $ \left( {{B \over h}} \right) $, Re and Fr is obtained.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydraulic Structures Design'

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