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Journal articles on the topic 'Hydraulic properties'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Elmardi Suleiman, Dr Osama Mohammed, and Mansour Hamad Elmamoun. "A REVIEW STUDY IN TROUBLESHOOTING OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS IN CEMENT INDUSTRIES." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 8 (December 1, 2022): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i08.006.

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Behind every hydraulic system there exists critical components that influence power transmission. To improve talent you should recognize how these components operate and affect the system i.e. learn the kinds of filter and piping used in hydraulic systems, describe the types and functions of hydraulic seals, and explain the operating principles of different types of pumps, and further learning the types and uses of accumulators, control valves, relief valves, cylinders, and even actuators. In this research study appropriate problem-solving processes are applied, and this helps to comprehend the hydraulic concepts and hydraulic schematic representations. Therefore, it will enhance the knowledge and the capacity of troubleshooting the different hydraulics systems in the cement industry. This will enable the person to stay on top of the industry practices in hydraulics, explore the basics of a hydraulic system by reviewing the types and properties of hydraulic fluids, identifying the symbols used on hydraulic schematic representations, and explaining hydraulic circuit operations based on a schematic design.
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2

Abduazizov, N. A., Zh B. Toshov, and A. Sh Zhuraev. "THE RESEARCH OF "HYDROBANK-COOLER" SYSTEMS OF HYDRAULIC POWER UNITS OF HYDRAULIC MINING MACHINES." EurasianUnionScientists 4, no. 2(71) (2020): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.4.71.598.

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Today, powerful expensive equipment is used in mining enterprises. Downtime, breakdowns and repairs of hydraulic mining machines lead to large financial losses of mining enterprises. Mechanical particles, microdroplets of water and air bubbles that fall into hydraulic fluids during operation, significantly affect the properties of the working fluid. In this regard, maintaining the quality of the working fluid used in expensive hydraulic mining machines is one of the most important tasks of modern hydraulics.
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3

Pobędza, Janusz, and Andrzej Sobczyk. "Properties of High Pressure Water Hydraulic Components with Modern Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.100.

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Water hydraulics is coming back as an alternative to oil and other not environment friendly working fluids used in a very wide range of fluid drive and control systems. The cost of water resistant materials for components is one of the barriers preventing the wide use of water hydraulics, especially moving parts such as pump pistons, surface of cylinder tubes and rods, poppet and seats, etc. to avoid corrosion. One of the common solutions is to use stainless steel there, where it can cooperate with other nonmetallic material such as plastic or other noncorrosive metallic composite to reduce friction. Thus some of research was directed to elaboration of special coating for covering surfaces in critical regions of water hydraulic components. The paper describes results of pilot research on selected components where such coating were introduced on regular carbon steel parts, same as used for oil hydraulics. First part of the article contents description of coating technology and some characteristics of coating layers. Second quotes selected results of conducted by authors research on coated hydraulic cylinders and poppet valves.
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4

Sobol, Khrystyna, Serhiy Solodkyy, Nadiya Petrovska, Sergiy Belov, Oleksii Hunyak, and Volodymyr Hidei. "Chemical Composition and Hydraulic Properties of Incinerated Wastepaper Sludge." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.04.538.

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The hydraulic properties of ash from incinerated wastepaper sludge were investigated. It is shown that the phase composition of wastepaper sludge after heat treatment is similar to the classical fired carbonate-clay mixes. The necessity of using the combination of retarding admixtures with different action mechanism is shown. The strength in the initial hardening period is ensured by the formation of AFm-phases and ettringite, and subsequently by increasing the role of CSH.
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5

Zisser, Norbert, Georg Nover, Helmut Dürrast, and Siegfried Siegesmund. "Relationship between electrical and hydraulic properties of sedimentary rocks." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0883.

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6

Nakaznoy, Oleg A., and Alexander A. Tsipilev. "On calculational analysis of suspensions with hydraulic springs." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-105257.

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BACKGROUND: The information about application of hydraulic springs in suspension systems of tanks and self-propelled artillery weapons may be found in domestic scientific and nonfiction literature. In addition, machines, which prototypes were equipped with this type of suspension, are known. For instance, possibility of hydraulic suspension implementation was proven on the T-34 tank prorotype, whereas application of this type of suspension with heavy tanks gave the most prospectivity. Complication of sealing build-up with sufficient life span, development of technologies of metal springs strengthening and shutdown of heavy tanks development did not allowed hydraulic suspensions to become widespread. At present, they are not used at all, whereas methods of analytical calculation are not in public access, despite of the interest of a group of scientists. AIMS: Development of the method of determination of main parameters of suspensions with hydraulic springs and analysis of properties of the T-34-76 Soviet middle tank prototype hydraulic suspension from the point of modern theory of nonlinear suspension systems. METHODS: Justification and confidence of given dependencies for properties calculation, conclusions and recommendations are confirmed with application of strict mathematical apparatus of mechanics, hydraulics and thermodynamics as well as scientifically justified theoretical backgrounds. RESULTS: Historic data on liquids compressibility researches, method of analytical determination of main properties of hydraulic springs with various design schemes, allowing restoring of properties of suspensions of existing tracked vehicles, synthesizing properties of other suspensions and, moreover, estimating reasonability of properties of suspension with hydraulic springs, are presented in the article. According to the method, proposed in the article, properties of the hydraulic spring from the T-34-76 Soviet middle tank prototype, equipped with hydraulic suspension, were restored and analyzed. In addition, suspension properties for the same vehicle were synthesized and used for a comparative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The information, presented in the article, is helpful for research engineers, interested in study of elastic behavior of liquids in case of their application in suspension systems, whereas the proposed method, allowing synthesis of reasonable properties of hydraulic springs, gives an opportunity to study the ride comfort of tank propotypes, equipped with hydraulic suspension, with a good quality and, moreover, to synthesize hydraulic springs properties according to the demands, given to a design engineer.
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7

Dýrr, Filip, Adam Bureček, Lumír Hružík, Tomáš Polášek, Marian Ledvoň, and Lukáš Dvořák. "The Effect of Braid Angle on Hydraulic Hose Geometry." Processes 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12010152.

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Hydraulic hoses are part of most hydraulic systems, from industrial hydraulics with open loop hydraulic systems to mobile hydraulics with closed loop hydraulic systems. The design parameters of hydraulic hoses may influence the duty cycle dynamics of these systems. One of the factors that influence the behavior of a hydraulic hose under pressure loading is the steel braid angle with respect to the hydraulic hose axis. This work aims to determine the effect of the hydraulic hose braid angle on the change in its geometry. The next objective is to determine the forces that occur at the hose ends under pressure loading. The stresses occur when fluid pressure is applied to the inner wall of the hydraulic hose. Consequently, these stresses are transferred to the hose ends through the steel braid or spiral. The phenomenon of the neutral braid angle provides a balance between the stresses generated inside the hydraulic hose. Therefore, hydraulic hose manufacturers try to produce hydraulic hoses with a neutral braid angle, because the lifetime of the hydraulic hose is also related to this. As part of this research work, an experimental device was constructed in order to measuring the properties of hydraulic hoses. When the hose was loaded with fluid pressure, the change in hose geometry was measured and the angle of the hose braid was measured simultaneously. Upon the measurements, the effect of the braid angle on the hose behavior under pressure loading was determined.
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8

Seyid Seyidov, Asif Guliyev, Seyid Seyidov, Asif Guliyev. "PROPERTIES OF OILS WORKING WITH HYDRAULIC MOTORS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 30, no. 07 (May 12, 2023): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei30072023-440.

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Hydraulic fluid is an indispensable element of any hydraulic system, in addition to its main function - the transfer of mechanical energy in the hydraulic system - it prevents accelerated wear of equipment parts and, thanks to special additives, from corrosion, contributes to the normal operation of the hydraulic system under various conditions: it provides heat exchange between the components of the hydraulic system with environment, and also acts as a lubricant to protect the rubbing elements of the hydraulic system. High-quality hydraulic oil must necessarily have certain important properties: be resistant to foaming, resist oxidative processes, not enter into chemical interactions with hydraulic system materials, have a low freezing point and a high ignition temperature, or not be flammable at all. Different grades of hydraulic oils differ in the following characteristics: pour point and fire point, corrosive effect on metal, specific gravity of contaminants and water, acid number, oxidation stability, viscosity index and kinematic viscosity. The reliability of hydraulic equipment is largely determined by the compatibility of oils and seal materials. The higher the compatibility, the less likely the equipment to leak and cause oil leaks. Keywords: hydraulic system, hydraulic oil, mechanical energy, materials, hydraulic motor
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9

Ganthaler, Andrea, and S. Mayr. "Vaccinium gaultherioides: Another insight into water relations of alpine dwarf shrubs." Journal of Plant Hydraulics 2 (November 17, 2015): e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/jph.2015.e004.

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Dwarf shrubs exhibit different requirements for a safe and efficient water supply compared to trees due their basitonic branching and low growth height. Though, only few studies dealt with the hydraulics of this growth form. Here we report key hydraulic parameters (vulnerability to drought-induced embolism, xylem hydraulic conductivity, cell osmotic potential, potential at turgor loss point) and related wood anatomical traits for Vaccinium gaultherioides, a wide-spread species in the European Alps. The results affirm the current knowledge, by indicating a relatively risky hydraulic strategy with low hydraulic safety compared to alpine trees and osmotic properties connected to the species’ soil humidity requirements.
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10

Schindler, Uwe Georg, and Frank Eulenstein. "Hydraulic properties of horticultural substrates." Open Data Journal for Agricultural Research 3 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/odjar.v3i1.15765.

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11

Prongmanee, Nutthachai, Jin-Chun Chai, and Shuilong Shen. "Hydraulic Properties of Polymerized Bentonites." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 10 (October 2018): 04018247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002442.

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12

Suits, L. D., T. C. Sheahan, R. Eric Pease, John C. Stormont, J. Hines, and Dan O’Dowd. "Hydraulic Properties of Asphalt Concrete." Geotechnical Testing Journal 33, no. 6 (2010): 102644. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj102644.

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13

Chesnokov, A. A., N. A. Antipina, and O. N. Fomina. "Demulsifying properties of hydraulic oils." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 23, no. 5 (May 1987): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00725681.

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14

Žitný, R., A. Landfeld, J. Skočilas, J. Stancl, V. Flegl, M. Zachariášová, M. Jírů, and M. Houška. "Hydraulic characteristic of collagen." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 33, No. 5 (June 3, 2016): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/62/2015-cjfs.

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Hydraulic characteristic of collagen. Czech J. Food Sci., 33: 479–485. The hysteresis of a hydraulic characteristic while pumping an aqueous solution of collagen through a pipe at gradually increasing and decreasing flow rates (hysteresis means that the pressure drop curve during increased flow rate is above the pressure drop during decreasing flow rate) was observed. The problem was initiated by industry and by demand for an on-line recording of rheological properties of collagenous material used for extrusion of collagen casings. The Herschel-Bulkley rheological model was capable to describe rheograms in a wide range of deformation rates; however it was not able to describe and explain the hysteresis. As a possible reason thixotropic properties were identified and the hydraulic characteristic was calculated using a thixotropic generalisation of the Herschel-Bulkley model. The developed 1D numerical model can be applied for on-line modelling of transient flows of incompressible thixotropic food materials (startup flow) and at a limited range of flow rates it is also capable to describe the hysteresis of hydraulic characteristics.
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15

Wang, Yujie, and Christian Frankenberg. "Technical note: Common ambiguities in plant hydraulics." Biogeosciences 19, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 4705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4705-2022.

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Abstract. Plant hydraulics gains increasing interest in plant ecophysiology and vegetation modeling. However, the hydraulic properties and profiles are often improperly represented, thus leading to biased results and simulations, e.g., the neglection of gravitational pressure drop results in overestimated water flux. We highlight the commonly seen ambiguities and/or misunderstandings in plant hydraulics, including (1) the distinction between water potential and pressure, (2) differences among hydraulic conductance and conductivity, (3) xylem vulnerability curve formulations, (4) model complexity, (5) stomatal-model representations, (6) bias from analytic estimations, (7) whole-plant vulnerability, and (8) neglected temperature dependencies. We recommend careful thinking before using or modifying existing definitions, methods, and models.
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16

Lin, H. S., K. J. McInnes, L. P. Wilding, and C. T. Hallmark. "Effects of Soil Morphology on Hydraulic Properties II. Hydraulic Pedotransfer Functions." Soil Science Society of America Journal 63, no. 4 (July 1999): 955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1999.634955x.

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17

Unterholzner, Lucrezia, Marco Carrer, Andreas Bär, Barbara Beikircher, Birgit Dämon, Adriano Losso, Angela Luisa Prendin, and Stefan Mayr. "Juniperus communis populations exhibit low variability in hydraulic safety and efficiency." Tree Physiology 40, no. 12 (August 12, 2020): 1668–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa103.

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Abstract The performance and distribution of woody species strongly depend on their adjustment to environmental conditions based on genotypic and phenotypic properties. Since more intense and frequent drought events are expected due to climate change, xylem hydraulic traits will play a key role under future conditions, and thus, knowledge of hydraulic variability is of key importance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the variability in hydraulic safety and efficiency of the conifer shrub Juniperus communis based on analyses along an elevational transect and a common garden approach. We studied (i) juniper plants growing between 700 and 2000 m a.s.l. Innsbruck, Austria, and (ii) plants grown in the Innsbruck botanical garden (Austria) from seeds collected at different sites across Europe (France, Austria, Ireland, Germany and Sweden). Due to contrasting environmental conditions at different elevation and provenance sites and the wide geographical study area, pronounced variation in xylem hydraulics was expected. Vulnerability to drought-induced embolisms (hydraulic safety) was assessed via the Cavitron and ultrasonic acoustic emission techniques, and the specific hydraulic conductivity (hydraulic efficiency) via flow measurements. Contrary to our hypothesis, relevant variability in hydraulic safety and efficiency was neither observed across elevations, indicating a low phenotypic variation, nor between provenances, despite expected genotypic differences. Interestingly, the provenance from the most humid and warmest site (Ireland) and the northernmost provenance (Sweden) showed the highest and the lowest embolism resistance, respectively. The hydraulic conductivity was correlated with plant height, which indicates that observed variation in hydraulic traits was mainly related to morphological differences between plants. We encourage future studies to underlie anatomical traits and the role of hydraulics for the broad ecological amplitude of J. communis.
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18

Prasanna, Shwetha. "Analysis of Hydraulic Properties of Indian Forest Soil." Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction 7, no. 1 (February 24, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2018.7.1.12.

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Soils are a product of the factors of formation and continuously change over the earth’s surface. The analysis of the spatial variability of soil properties is important for land management and construction of an ecological environment. Soils are characterized by high degree of spatial variability due to the combined effect of physical, chemical or biological processes that operate with different intensities and at different scales. The spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties helps us to find the subsurface flux of water. The most frequently used hydraulic properties are soil water retention curve and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Both these hydraulic properties exhibit a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the spatial variability of hydraulic properties of forest soils of Pavanje river basin. Correlation analysis technique has been used to analyze various soil properties. Spatial variability of the forested hillslope soils at different depths varied considerably among the soil hydraulic properties. The spatial variability of water retention at all the different pressure head is low at the top layers, and increases towards the bottom layers. The saturated hydraulic conductivity is almost same in the top layers, but more in the bottom layers of forest soil.
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19

Hopmans, J. W., and J. H. Dane. "Temperature Dependence of Soil Hydraulic Properties." Soil Science Society of America Journal 50, no. 1 (January 1986): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000010001x.

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20

Garnier, P., N. Ezzine, S. De Gryze, and G. Richard. "Hydraulic Properties of Soil-Straw Mixtures." Vadose Zone Journal 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/3.2.714.

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21

Garnier, P., N. Ezzine, S. De Gryze, and G. Richard. "Hydraulic Properties of Soil-Straw Mixtures." Vadose Zone Journal 3, no. 2 (May 2004): 714–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/vzj2004.0714.

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22

Timbs, M. M., and K. R. Spring. "Hydraulic Properties of MDCK Cell Epithelium." Journal of Membrane Biology 153, no. 1 (September 1, 1996): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900104.

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23

Jerónimo, Alexandre, Aires Camões, Barroso Aguiar, and Nelson Lima. "Hydraulic lime mortars with antifungal properties." Applied Surface Science 483 (July 2019): 1192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.156.

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24

Hendrayanto, Ken'ichirou Kosugi, and Takahisa Mizuyama. "Scaling hydraulic properties of forest soils." Hydrological Processes 14, no. 3 (February 28, 2000): 521–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(20000228)14:3<521::aid-hyp952>3.0.co;2-c.

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25

Stober, Ingrid, and Kurt Bucher. "Hydraulic properties of the crystalline basement." Hydrogeology Journal 15, no. 2 (November 11, 2006): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0094-4.

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26

Stober, Ingrid, and Kurt Bucher. "Hydraulic properties of the crystalline basement." Hydrogeology Journal 15, no. 8 (September 18, 2007): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-007-0214-9.

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27

Lovrec, Darko, and Vito Tič. "The importance of the electrical properties of hydraulic fluids." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 74, no. 3 (November 5, 2021): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-06-2021-0218.

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Purpose Apart from the basic material properties of liquid lubricants, such as, e.g., the viscosity and density of the hydraulic fluid, it is also important to have information regarding the electrical properties of the fluid used. The latter is closely related to the purpose, type, structure, and conditions of use of a hydraulic system, especially the powertrain design and fluid condition monitoring. The insulating capacity of the hydraulic fluid is important in cases where the electric motor of the pump is immersed in the fluid. In other cases, on the basis of changing the electrical conductive properties of the hydraulic fluid, we can refer its condition, and, on this basis, the degree of degradation. Design/methodology/approach The paper first highlights the importance of knowing the electrical properties of hydraulic fluids and then aims to compare these properties, such as the breakdown voltage of commonly used hydraulic mineral oils and newer ionic fluids suitable for use as hydraulic fluids. Findings Knowledge of this property is crucial for the design approach of modern hydraulic compact power packs. In the following, the emphasis is on the more advanced use of known electrical quantities, such as electrical conductivity and the dielectric constant of a liquid. Originality/value Based on the changes in these quantities, we have the possibility of real-time monitoring the hydraulic fluid condition, on the basis of which we judge the degree of fluid degradation and its suitability for further use.
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28

Yurov, V. M. "NITROGENING HYDRAULIC CYLINDER RODS." Eurasian Physical Technical Journal 17, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020no2/25-30.

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The paper considers the method of ion-plasma nitriding of polished rods of hydraulic cylinders. With ion nitriding, the surface hardening of parts is most pronounced. This is due to the fact that the surface layer of the part does not exceed 20 nm, that is, it is a nanostructure. In this nanostructure, nitrogen diffusion processes are significantly different from bulk ones. The size effects in the nanostructure lead to the fact that the “classical” Fick equations do not work in the layer, and the diffusion of nitrogen in this layer depends logarithmically on the properties of the steel. It was theoretically found that diffusion in a nanoplate depends both on the material of the plate through the diffusion coefficient of the bulk sample D0 and on the size factor α. In the classical case, there is no such dependence.
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29

Vanderborght, Jan, Valentin Couvreur, Felicien Meunier, Andrea Schnepf, Harry Vereecken, Martin Bouda, and Mathieu Javaux. "From hydraulic root architecture models to macroscopic representations of root hydraulics in soil water flow and land surface models." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 4835–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4835-2021.

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Abstract. Root water uptake is an important process in the terrestrial water cycle. How this process depends on soil water content, root distributions, and root properties is a soil–root hydraulic problem. We compare different approaches to implement root hydraulics in macroscopic soil water flow and land surface models. By upscaling a three-dimensional hydraulic root architecture model, we derived an exact macroscopic root hydraulic model. The macroscopic model uses the following three characteristics: the root system conductance, Krs, the standard uptake fraction, SUF, which represents the uptake from a soil profile with a uniform hydraulic head, and a compensatory matrix that describes the redistribution of water uptake in a non-uniform hydraulic head profile. The two characteristics, Krs and SUF, are sufficient to describe the total uptake as a function of the collar and soil water potential, and water uptake redistribution does not depend on the total uptake or collar water potential. We compared the exact model with two hydraulic root models that make a priori simplifications of the hydraulic root architecture, i.e., the parallel and big root model. The parallel root model uses only two characteristics, Krs and SUF, which can be calculated directly following a bottom-up approach from the 3D hydraulic root architecture. The big root model uses more parameters than the parallel root model, but these parameters cannot be obtained straightforwardly with a bottom-up approach. The big root model was parameterized using a top-down approach, i.e., directly from root segment hydraulic properties, assuming a priori a single big root architecture. This simplification of the hydraulic root architecture led to less accurate descriptions of root water uptake than by the parallel root model. To compute root water uptake in macroscopic soil water flow and land surface models, we recommend the use of the parallel root model with Krs and SUF computed in a bottom-up approach from a known 3D root hydraulic architecture.
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Salahou, Mohamed Khaled, Xiaoyuan Chen, Yupeng Zhang, Xiyun Jiao, and Haishen Lü. "Inverse Modelling to Estimate Soil Hydraulic Properties at the Field Scale." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (September 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4544446.

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Field-scale estimation of soil hydraulic parameters is important for simulating water movement, particularly in the vadose zone. The accuracy of soil hydraulic parameters significantly affects the output of models using these parameters as input variables. A new approach for an inverse method, often referred to as inverse modelling, was presented to calibrate soil hydraulic parameters. The new method is based on the use of uniform design theory to generate uncertainty estimates of the soil hydraulic parameters. The uncalibrated and calibrated soil hydraulic parameters were evaluated by comparing the predicted and measured soil water contents using the HYDRUS-1D model. The results show that the calibrated soil hydraulic parameters that were inversely estimated by uniform design theory were accurate and reasonable. In addition, the results provided recommendations for improving the estimation of soil hydraulic parameters when there are no available observation data for calibrating and optimizing soil hydraulic parameters.
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31

Ilina, T. "Development of methods for evaluation of lubrication properties of hydraulic aviation oils." Problems of tribology 101, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-42-47.

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A method for evaluation of the lubricating and rheological properties of hydraulic oils in tribological contacts has been developed, which consists in online studying samples of commercial batches of oils on a software and hardware complex with visual evaluation of the kinetics of changes in the main tribological indicators of friction contact. Using a roller analogy, the operation of gears in the conditions of rolling with 30% sliding is simulated. Samples of AMG-10 oil from two producers are analyzed. It is established that with increasing temperature of lubricant for Sample 2 (“Kvalitet-Avia” AMG-10), a long-term restoration of protective boundary films of oil is observed and the period of their formation increases by 2.5 times, causing the implementation of a semidry mode of lubrication at start-up. The total thickness of the lubricating layer is 1.27 times less as compared with Sample 1 ("Bora B" AMG-10 oil), regardless of the lubricant temperature. Also, the rheological properties of the oils have been determined. Sample 1 exhibits low shear stresses at the level of 9.4 MPa and high effective viscosity, 4249 and 5039 Pa·s, at a volumetric oil temperature of 20 and 100 ºС, respectively. For Sample 2, with increasing oil temperature to 100 ºC shear stress increases by 1.15 times and the effective viscosity in contact decreases by 1.53 times. Additives present in Sample 1 are characterized by more effective antiwear properties and thus increase the wear resistance of contact surfaces in the conditions of rolling with sliding thanks to strengthening of the surface metal layers during operation, while Sample 2 undergoes strengthening-softening processes which reduce the wear resistance of friction pairs
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32

PATIL, N. G., G. S. RAJPUT, R. K. NEMA, and R. B. SINGH. "Predicting hydraulic properties of seasonally impounded soils." Journal of Agricultural Science 148, no. 2 (October 8, 2009): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185960999030x.

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SUMMARYAgricultural crop management decisions often require data on hydraulic properties of soils. Little information is available on hydraulic properties of clay soils that are impounded by rainwater (known as ‘Haveli’ lands) every year during the monsoon season in large tracts of Madhya Pradesh in India. Estimating hydraulic properties using global pedotransfer functions (PTFs) is one possible way to collect such information. Rules in the widely used global PTF Rosetta were executed to obtain estimates of two important hydraulic properties, namely soil water retention characteristics (SWRC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). SWRC estimates obtained with maximum input (particle size distribution, bulk density, field capacity and permanent wilting point) in Rosetta were relatively closer to the laboratory-measured data as compared with the estimates obtained with lower levels of input. Root mean square error (RMSE) of estimates ranged from 0·01 to 0·05 m3/m3. Hierarchical PTFs to predictKsfrom basic soil properties were derived using statistical regression and artificial neural networks. Evaluation of these indicated that neural PTFs were acceptable and hence could be used without loss of accuracy.
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33

Jin, Jie, Tong He, ZhengBin Zhu, PeiXin Gao, and Tao Yu. "Dynamic property evaluation of hydraulic clamp based on analyzing the propagation characteristics of bending wave in hydraulic pipeline." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 268, no. 3 (November 30, 2023): 5935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2023_0856.

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Hydraulic pipeline and clamp are important components of aviation hydraulic piping system. Determination of the dynamic properties of the clamp is of great significance to the analysis on the vibration characteristics of the aviation hydraulic piping system. In this study, an advanced experimental method for determining the dynamic properties of the fixed clamp of aviation hydraulic piping system was proposed. The dynamic complex stiffness of the hydraulic clamp is determined by analyzing the propagation characteristics of the bending wave of the hydraulic pipeline with clamp. Experiments were carried out using typical aluminum hydraulic pipeline and single-pipe grounded clamp specimens, and the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic clamp were simulated using complex stiffness. The dynamic properties the hydraulic clamp were calculated by Newton-Raphson iterative method, its frequency-dependent stiffness and loss factor were derived. The proposed method allows non-destructive continuous monitoring of hydraulic clamp components in engineering practice.
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34

Burlachenko, V. A. "SOME FEATURES OF PRESENTING THE QUESTION OF COMPRESSIBILITY OF A LIQUID IN HYDRAULICS COURSES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS." Vestnik scientific and methodological council in environmental engineering and water management, no. 24 (2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2618-8732-2021-24-64-68.

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The article analyzes the features of taking into account the compressibility of a liquid in solving problems of hydraulics and the operation of hydraulic systems. Particular attention is paid to the completeness of the consideration of the physical properties of liquids in the study of the discipline "Hydraulics" in accordance with the formation of research competencies and the direction of professional training of bachelors.
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35

Burlachenko, V. A. "SOME FEATURES OF PRESENTING THE QUESTION OF COMPRESSIBILITY OF A LIQUID IN HYDRAULICS COURSES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS." Vestnik scientific and methodological council in environmental engineering and water management, no. 24 (2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2618-8732-2021-24-64-68.

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The article analyzes the features of taking into account the compressibility of a liquid in solving problems of hydraulics and the operation of hydraulic systems. Particular attention is paid to the completeness of the consideration of the physical properties of liquids in the study of the discipline "Hydraulics" in accordance with the formation of research competencies and the direction of professional training of bachelors.
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36

Burlachenko, V. A. "SOME FEATURES OF PRESENTING THE QUESTION OF COMPRESSIBILITY OF A LIQUID IN HYDRAULICS COURSES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS." Vestnik scientific and methodological council in environmental engineering and water management, no. 24 (2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2618-8732-2021-24-64-68.

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The article analyzes the features of taking into account the compressibility of a liquid in solving problems of hydraulics and the operation of hydraulic systems. Particular attention is paid to the completeness of the consideration of the physical properties of liquids in the study of the discipline "Hydraulics" in accordance with the formation of research competencies and the direction of professional training of bachelors.
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37

Rab, MA, ST Willatt, and KA Olsson. "Hydraulic properties of a duplex soil determined from in situ measurements." Soil Research 25, no. 1 (1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9870001.

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The hydraulic conductivity characteristics of a duplex soil profile were determined in the field from in situ measurements. For a given soil water suction, hydraulic conductivity of the subsoil was generally lower than the surface soil. Hydraulic conductivity characteristics calculated using the equations of Marshall and Millington and Quirk were in good agreement with field-measured hydraulic conductivity after matching at low soil water suctions. Implications of hydraulic properties for crop production and water management are noted.
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38

Murphy, BW, TB Koen, BA Jones, and LM Huxedurp. "Temporal variation of hydraulic properties for some soils with fragile structure." Soil Research 31, no. 2 (1993): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9930179.

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At three locations in the wheat belt of N.S.W. Cowra, Junee and Tamworth, soil hydraulic properties were measured through the growing season on hardsetting soils with different tillage histories, namely direct drilling and traditional tillage. The hydraulic properties measured were hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity at -10 and -40 mm tension. Results show that the hydraulic properties of these soils can vary significantly through the growing season. This temporal variability was attributed to tillage, plant growth, rainfall and soil settling under wetting. The soil which had the more severe tillage treatment prior to sowing, together with stubble burning (traditional tillage), had lower values of hydraulic properties at 10 mm tension than the soil with the more conservative tillage treatment of direct drilling. Results for hydraulic properties at 40 mm tension did not show consistent differences between tillage treatments, the tillage effects being dependent on the particle size distribution of the soil and aggregate stability. Overall, the hydraulic properties measured at 10 mm tension did show differences which can be attributed to tillage or soil management, and these differences are most obvious when measurements are made on a settled seedbed in the period from flowering to post harvest.
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39

Guram, Satbir, and Rashid Bashir. "Examination of Measured to Predicted Hydraulic Properties for Low Impact Development Substrates." Hydrology 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10050105.

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To counter the impacts of climate change and urbanization, engineers have developed ingenious solutions to reduce flooding and capture stormwater contaminants through the use of Low Impact Developments (LIDs). The soil is generally considered to be completely saturated when designing for the LIDs. However, this may not always be an accurate or realistic approach, as the soil could be variably unsaturated leading to inaccurate designs. To analyse the flow under variably unsaturated conditions, Richards’ equation can be used. To solve the Richards’ equation, two nonlinear hydraulic properties, namely soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity function are required. Laboratory and field measurements of unsaturated hydraulic properties are cumbersome, expensive and time- consuming. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) estimate soil hydraulic properties using routinely measured soil properties. This paper presents a comparison between the direct measurement obtained through experimental procedures and the use of PTFs to estimate soil hydraulic properties for two green roof and three bioretention soil medias. Comparison between the measured and estimated soil hydraulic properties was accomplished using two different approaches. Statistical analyses and visual comparisons were used to compare the measured and estimated soil hydraulic properties. Additionally, numerical modelling to predict the water balance at the ground surface was conducted using the measured and estimated soil hydraulic properties. In some instances, the use of predicted hydraulic properties resulted in overestimation of the cumulative net infiltration of as much as 60 % for the green roof substrate, but was considered negligible for the bioretention substrate. Design performance criteria for green roof and bioretention facilities were examined using the measured and estimated soil hydraulic properties under extreme precipitation analysis. Results indicate that there is a high level of uncertainty when using PTFs for LID materials. A percent difference between the measured and predicted properties for the green roof peak time delay under a 2-year storm can be as much as 300%. For the bioretention design criteria of a 25-year storm, the surface runoff was overestimated by 14.7 cm and by 100% for the ponding time percent difference.
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40

Toca, Andrei, Pedro Villar-Salvador, Juan A. Oliet, and Douglass F. Jacobs. "Normalization criteria determine the interpretation of nitrogen effects on the root hydraulics of pine seedlings." Tree Physiology 40, no. 10 (June 1, 2020): 1381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa068.

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Abstract Plant hydraulics is key for plant survival and growth because it is linked to gas exchange and drought resistance. Although the environment influences plant hydraulics, there is no clear consensus on the effect of nitrogen (N) supply, which may be, in part, due to different hydraulic conductance normalization criteria and studied species. The objective of this study was to compare the variation of root hydraulic properties using several normalization criteria in four pine species in response to three contrasting N fertilization regimes. We studied four closely related, yet ecologically distinct species: Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold, Pinus pinaster Ait., Pinus pinea L. and Pinus halepensis Mill. Root hydraulic conductance (Kh) was measured with a high-pressure flow meter, and values were normalized by total leaf area (leaf specific conductance, Kl), xylem cross-section area (xylem specific conductance, Ks), total root area (root specific conductance, Kr) and the area of fine roots (fine root specific conductance, Kfr). Controlling for organ size differences allowed comparison of the hydraulic efficiency of roots to supply or absorb water among fertilization treatments and species. The effect of N on the root hydraulic efficiency depended on the normalization criteria. Increasing N availability reduced Kl and Ks, but increased Kh, Kr and especially Kfr. The positive effect of N on Kr and Kfr was positively related to seedling relative growth rate and was also consistent with published results at the interspecific level, whereby plant hydraulics is positively linked to photosynthesis and transpiration rate and fast growth. In contrast, normalization by leaf area and xylem cross-sectional area (Kl and Ks) reflected opposite responses to Kr and Kfr. This indicates that the normalization criteria determine the interpretation of the effect of N on plant hydraulics, which can limit species and treatment comparisons.
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41

Russo, David. "Determining soil hydraulic properties by parameter estimation: On the selection of a model for the hydraulic properties." Water Resources Research 24, no. 3 (March 1988): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/wr024i003p00453.

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42

Hujo, Ľubomír, Juraj Jablonický, Sylwester Borowski, Jerzy Kaszkowiak, and Matej Michalides. "Measurement of flow characteristics of a gear hydraulic pump by simulating the operating load of the tractor’s hydraulic system." MATEC Web of Conferences 338 (2021): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133801010.

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The results of the work include research on changes in flow characteristics of gear hydraulic pump QHD 17 by simulating operating conditions on laboratory test equipment with assessment of influence of transmission-hydraulic fluid MOL Farm NH Ultra on technical and operational properties of hydraulic pump QHD 17. The laboratory test equipment makes it possible to repeatedly simulate real conditions under which the hydraulic system of the agricultural tractor operates, or to simulate the load with maximum pressure. By monitoring the change in the flow of the hydraulic pump at precisely determined intervals, which were 0 and 125 hours worked, the influence of the physical properties of the working fluid on the flow properties of the hydraulic pump was assessed and the measured data set was evaluated by mathematical-statistical analysis. Based on the physical properties of the tested MOL Farm NH Ultra fluid, which were determined from the samples taken at precisely determined intervals, no negative effect of the fluid itself as well as its properties on the flow efficiency of hydraulic pump QHD 17 was found.
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43

Du, Jia Chong, Ming Feng Kuo, and J. C. Yeh. "Properties of Cement Asphalt Emulsion Mortar for Pavement." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.466.

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This study focused on the properties of the cement asphalt emulsion (CA) mortar. The mixtures of the samples were fabricated and allowed them seven, fourteen and twenty eight days for curing before tested by compressive strength, three points flexural test, and indirect tensile strength to probe into their engineering properties. Hydraulic cement mortar samples used as control are analyzed for comparison. The test results show that the compressive strength is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar; the flexural strength at curing of 28 days is CA mortar greater than hydraulic cement mortar, however, at curing of 7 and 14 days is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar; and the indirect tensile strength is hydraulic cement mortar greater than CA mortar. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis results show that the Ca (OH2) increased with increases curing time. The CA mortar samples fabricated needs appropriate water for lubrication. Thus, the water absorption of fine aggregate must be concerned. The emulsion asphalt added too much may reduce the strength. In field test, the CA mortar performs very well, especially in workability.
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44

Mollins, L. H., D. I. Stewart, and T. W. Cousens. "Predicting the properties of bentonite-sand mixtures." Clay Minerals 31, no. 2 (June 1996): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1996.031.2.10.

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AbstractOne-dimensional swelling tests and hydraulic conductivity tests have been performed at vertical effective stresses up to 450 kPa on Na-bentonite powder and compacted sand/Na-bentonite mixtures (5, 10 and 20% bentonite by weight) to investigate the use of bentonite-improved soils for waste containment. It was found that bentonite powder swells to reach a final state described by a single straight line on a plot of void ratio against the logarithm of vertical effective stress, regardless of preparation technique. Swelling of sand/bentonite mixtures expressed in terms of the clay void ratio show a deviation from bentonite behaviour above a stress which depends on the bentonite content. Hydraulic conductivity data for bentonite and sand/bentonite mixtures indicate an approximately linear relationship between logarithm of hydraulic conductivity and logarithm of void ratio. A design model based on the clay void ratio, and the sand porosity and tortuosity is presented enabling the hydraulic conductivity of a mixture to be estimated.
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45

Tombul, M., Z. Akyürek, and A. Ünal Sorman. "Research Note:Determination of soil hydraulic properties using pedotransfer functions in a semi-arid basin, Turkey." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 6 (December 31, 2004): 1200–1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-1200-2004.

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Abstract. Spatial and temporal variations in soil hydraulic properties such as soil moisture q(h) and hydraulic conductivity K(q) or K(h), may affect the performance of hydrological models. Moreover, the cost of determining soil hydraulic properties by field or laboratory methods makes alternative indirect methods desirable. In this paper, various pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are used to estimate soil hydraulic properties for a small semi-arid basin (Kurukavak) in the north-west of Turkey. The field measurements were a good fit with the retention curve derived using Rosetta SSC-BD for a loamy soil. To predict parameters to describe soil hydraulic characteristics, continuous PTFs such as Rosetta SSC-BD (Model H3) and SSC-BD-q33q1500 (Model H5) have been applied. Using soil hydraulic properties that vary in time and space, the characteristic curves for three soil types, loam, sandy clay loam and sandy loam have been developed. Spatial and temporal variations in soil moisture have been demonstrated on a plot and catchment scale for loamy soil. It is concluded that accurate site-specific measurements of the soil hydraulic characteristics are the only and probably the most promising method to progress in the future. Keywords: soil hydraulic properties, soil characteristic curves, PTFs
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46

O'Shaughnessy, Vince, and Vinod K. Garga. "The hydrogeological and contaminant-transport properties of fractured Champlain Sea clay in Eastern Ontario. Part 1. Hydrogeological properties." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 885–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-104.

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Hydrogeological and geochemical investigations were conducted on four fractured Champlain Sea clay deposits in Eastern Ontario. The results from water level monitoring, maximum seasonal variations, and hydraulic head profiles revealed a hydraulically active fractured zone existing at all four sites. The depth of this fractured zone varies from site to site, ranging from 3.2 to 6.0 m. Slug test analysis indicated that bulk hydraulic conductivity values in the upper fractured zone range from 1.8 × 10−8 to 2.0 × 10−5 m/s. In contrast, the measured hydraulic conductivity values from the deepest piezometers range from 8.2 × 10−10 to 1.4 × 10−9 m/s. The geochemical analysis indicated the presence of three hydrochemical facies: a shallow "active" facies, a deep "inactive" facies, and an intermediate "transition" facies. The presence of tritiated groundwater well below the groundwater table indicates that the upper fractured zone at all four sites is hydraulically active. Key words : fractures, Champlain Sea clay, in situ testing, hydrogeology, geochemistry, hydraulic conductivity.
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47

Li, Duan, Jianhua Si, Xiaoyou Zhang, Yayu Gao, Huan Luo, Jie Qin, and Guanlong Gao. "The Mechanism of Changes in Hydraulic Properties of Populus euphratica in Response to Drought Stress." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100904.

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Stable hydraulic conductivity in forest trees maintains the survival of trees which contribute to productivity in forest ecosystems. Drought conditions break down this relationship, but the mechanisms are poorly known. To increase the understanding of the mechanism of hydraulic characteristics during drought, we determined hydraulic parameters in Populus euphratica Oliv. (P. euphratica) in a time-series of drought using a high-pressure flow meter. We found that P. euphratica could enhance hydraulic transport in severe drought stress under a threshold of soil water content. Drought-induced loss of hydraulic conductance could seriously impair water transport capacity. The soil water content of about 4.5% in the rhizosphere could lead to canopy mortality yet maintain live roots. Hydraulic conductance could be changed under drought stress as a consequence of changes in the anatomical structure and physiology. Furthermore, there was also a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety. The consideration of hydraulic efficiency was first within the range of hydraulic safety limit. Once the hydraulic safety limit was reached, safety would be taken as the first consideration and hydraulic efficiency would be reduced. Research on the mechanism of hydraulic properties in riparian plants in arid areas provides a scientific basis for riparian forest restoration.
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48

Ganfoud, Ahmed Abouleid, Almustanser-Bellah Mukhtar Gargney, and Ahmed Ibrahim Ekhmaj. "Effect of Different Applications of Cactus, Rachis of Date Palm Trees and Compost on Hydraulic Properties of Sandy Soil." Journal of Misurata University for Agricultural Sciences 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36602/jmuas.2020.v01.02.35.

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This laboratory study aims to investigate the effect of adding dry grinders of Cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) and palm leaf bases (Rachis) and commercial soil enhancer (Compost) with different mixing ratios (2.5, 5.0, 7.5%, by weight) on improving hydraulic properties of sandy soil. Hydraulic properties included the water retention capacity, the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and the moisture content at tension values of 0.3, 1, 10 and 15 bar. These properties were estimated at the beginning of the experiment, and after six months, during which moisture and drying cycles had taken place. Through the obtained results, it was found that all additives improved the soil hydraulic properties, so that the values of the soil retention capacity and soil moisture content versus tension increased. On the other hand, all additives reduced the values of the hydraulic conductivity. The results also indicated lack significant effect of time (at the level of 5%). The different mixing ratios did not significantly affect the hydraulic conductivity (at the level of 5%). However, the results showed that the rachis grinders and the mixture consisting of rachis and cactus outperformed in hydraulic properties as compared with other treatments.
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49

Mihalčová, Janka, and Peter Šmeringai. "Ensuring the Reliability of an Aircraft Engine Hydraulic System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 616 (August 2014): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.616.126.

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The article deals with the issue of ensuring the reliability of aircraft engines operation via hydraulic fluids properties monitoring. There are presented the results of the hydraulic fluid Aero Shell Fluid 41 (ASF 41) properties evaluation in the hydraulic system of a double-flow turbosupercharged aircraft engine AI-25TL. In the hydraulic fluid, there were observed the quantity and distribution of mechanical particles according to their size in accordance with the ISO Cleanliness Code, ISO 4406.There was also determined kinematic viscosity according to the standard EN ISO 3104+AC. FTIR analysis of the infrared spectrum was used to determine the degradation degree of the hydraulic fluid physical-chemical properties.
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50

Lovrec, Darko, Roland Kalb, and Vito Tič. "Ionic Hydraulic Fluids and Seal-Material Compatibility." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2024): 2187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14052187.

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Manufacturers of hydraulic fluids invest a lot of effort and resources in improving their physico-chemical properties, with the goal of getting as close as possible to the properties of an ideal hydraulic fluid. It should be non- flammable, environmentally friendly, sustainable and should have excellent physical and chemical properties. After decades of development in the field of ionic liquids and the search for an ionic liquid suitable for use in hydraulic systems, ionic hydraulic liquids are now already in industrial use, especially on devices that operate in harsh and risky operating conditions. Since ionic hydraulic fluids are a completely new type of hydraulic fluid, one of the issues is their compatibility with the materials present in the hydraulic components, including all the seals. This paper refers to the process of testing the compatibility of hydraulic seal materials with different types of ionic hydraulic fluids according to the standardized percentages and recommendations, with emphasis on changes in the swell, shrinkage and hardness of the seals. The presented results are a useful guide for selecting suitable seal materials in case of using high-tech ionic hydraulic fluids.
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