Academic literature on the topic 'Hydraulic properties'
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Journal articles on the topic "Hydraulic properties"
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Elmardi Suleiman, Dr Osama Mohammed, and Mansour Hamad Elmamoun. "A REVIEW STUDY IN TROUBLESHOOTING OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS IN CEMENT INDUSTRIES." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 8 (December 1, 2022): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i08.006.
Full textAbstract:
Behind every hydraulic system there exists critical components that influence power transmission. To improve talent you should recognize how these components operate and affect the system i.e. learn the kinds of filter and piping used in hydraulic systems, describe the types and functions of hydraulic seals, and explain the operating principles of different types of pumps, and further learning the types and uses of accumulators, control valves, relief valves, cylinders, and even actuators. In this research study appropriate problem-solving processes are applied, and this helps to comprehend the hydraulic concepts and hydraulic schematic representations. Therefore, it will enhance the knowledge and the capacity of troubleshooting the different hydraulics systems in the cement industry. This will enable the person to stay on top of the industry practices in hydraulics, explore the basics of a hydraulic system by reviewing the types and properties of hydraulic fluids, identifying the symbols used on hydraulic schematic representations, and explaining hydraulic circuit operations based on a schematic design.
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Abduazizov, N. A., Zh B. Toshov, and A. Sh Zhuraev. "THE RESEARCH OF "HYDROBANK-COOLER" SYSTEMS OF HYDRAULIC POWER UNITS OF HYDRAULIC MINING MACHINES." EurasianUnionScientists 4, no. 2(71) (2020): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.4.71.598.
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Today, powerful expensive equipment is used in mining enterprises. Downtime, breakdowns and repairs of hydraulic mining machines lead to large financial losses of mining enterprises. Mechanical particles, microdroplets of water and air bubbles that fall into hydraulic fluids during operation, significantly affect the properties of the working fluid. In this regard, maintaining the quality of the working fluid used in expensive hydraulic mining machines is one of the most important tasks of modern hydraulics.
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Pobędza, Janusz, and Andrzej Sobczyk. "Properties of High Pressure Water Hydraulic Components with Modern Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 849 (November 2013): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.849.100.
Full textAbstract:
Water hydraulics is coming back as an alternative to oil and other not environment friendly working fluids used in a very wide range of fluid drive and control systems. The cost of water resistant materials for components is one of the barriers preventing the wide use of water hydraulics, especially moving parts such as pump pistons, surface of cylinder tubes and rods, poppet and seats, etc. to avoid corrosion. One of the common solutions is to use stainless steel there, where it can cooperate with other nonmetallic material such as plastic or other noncorrosive metallic composite to reduce friction. Thus some of research was directed to elaboration of special coating for covering surfaces in critical regions of water hydraulic components. The paper describes results of pilot research on selected components where such coating were introduced on regular carbon steel parts, same as used for oil hydraulics. First part of the article contents description of coating technology and some characteristics of coating layers. Second quotes selected results of conducted by authors research on coated hydraulic cylinders and poppet valves.
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Sobol, Khrystyna, Serhiy Solodkyy, Nadiya Petrovska, Sergiy Belov, Oleksii Hunyak, and Volodymyr Hidei. "Chemical Composition and Hydraulic Properties of Incinerated Wastepaper Sludge." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht14.04.538.
Full textAbstract:
The hydraulic properties of ash from incinerated wastepaper sludge were investigated. It is shown that the phase composition of wastepaper sludge after heat treatment is similar to the classical fired carbonate-clay mixes. The necessity of using the combination of retarding admixtures with different action mechanism is shown. The strength in the initial hardening period is ensured by the formation of AFm-phases and ettringite, and subsequently by increasing the role of CSH.
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Zisser, Norbert, Georg Nover, Helmut Dürrast, and Siegfried Siegesmund. "Relationship between electrical and hydraulic properties of sedimentary rocks." Zeitschrift der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften 158, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 883–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/1860-1804/2007/0158-0883.
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Nakaznoy, Oleg A., and Alexander A. Tsipilev. "On calculational analysis of suspensions with hydraulic springs." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-105257.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: The information about application of hydraulic springs in suspension systems of tanks and self-propelled artillery weapons may be found in domestic scientific and nonfiction literature. In addition, machines, which prototypes were equipped with this type of suspension, are known. For instance, possibility of hydraulic suspension implementation was proven on the T-34 tank prorotype, whereas application of this type of suspension with heavy tanks gave the most prospectivity. Complication of sealing build-up with sufficient life span, development of technologies of metal springs strengthening and shutdown of heavy tanks development did not allowed hydraulic suspensions to become widespread. At present, they are not used at all, whereas methods of analytical calculation are not in public access, despite of the interest of a group of scientists.
AIMS: Development of the method of determination of main parameters of suspensions with hydraulic springs and analysis of properties of the T-34-76 Soviet middle tank prototype hydraulic suspension from the point of modern theory of nonlinear suspension systems.
METHODS: Justification and confidence of given dependencies for properties calculation, conclusions and recommendations are confirmed with application of strict mathematical apparatus of mechanics, hydraulics and thermodynamics as well as scientifically justified theoretical backgrounds.
RESULTS: Historic data on liquids compressibility researches, method of analytical determination of main properties of hydraulic springs with various design schemes, allowing restoring of properties of suspensions of existing tracked vehicles, synthesizing properties of other suspensions and, moreover, estimating reasonability of properties of suspension with hydraulic springs, are presented in the article. According to the method, proposed in the article, properties of the hydraulic spring from the T-34-76 Soviet middle tank prototype, equipped with hydraulic suspension, were restored and analyzed. In addition, suspension properties for the same vehicle were synthesized and used for a comparative analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: The information, presented in the article, is helpful for research engineers, interested in study of elastic behavior of liquids in case of their application in suspension systems, whereas the proposed method, allowing synthesis of reasonable properties of hydraulic springs, gives an opportunity to study the ride comfort of tank propotypes, equipped with hydraulic suspension, with a good quality and, moreover, to synthesize hydraulic springs properties according to the demands, given to a design engineer.
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Dýrr, Filip, Adam Bureček, Lumír Hružík, Tomáš Polášek, Marian Ledvoň, and Lukáš Dvořák. "The Effect of Braid Angle on Hydraulic Hose Geometry." Processes 12, no. 1 (January 8, 2024): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12010152.
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Hydraulic hoses are part of most hydraulic systems, from industrial hydraulics with open loop hydraulic systems to mobile hydraulics with closed loop hydraulic systems. The design parameters of hydraulic hoses may influence the duty cycle dynamics of these systems. One of the factors that influence the behavior of a hydraulic hose under pressure loading is the steel braid angle with respect to the hydraulic hose axis. This work aims to determine the effect of the hydraulic hose braid angle on the change in its geometry. The next objective is to determine the forces that occur at the hose ends under pressure loading. The stresses occur when fluid pressure is applied to the inner wall of the hydraulic hose. Consequently, these stresses are transferred to the hose ends through the steel braid or spiral. The phenomenon of the neutral braid angle provides a balance between the stresses generated inside the hydraulic hose. Therefore, hydraulic hose manufacturers try to produce hydraulic hoses with a neutral braid angle, because the lifetime of the hydraulic hose is also related to this. As part of this research work, an experimental device was constructed in order to measuring the properties of hydraulic hoses. When the hose was loaded with fluid pressure, the change in hose geometry was measured and the angle of the hose braid was measured simultaneously. Upon the measurements, the effect of the braid angle on the hose behavior under pressure loading was determined.
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Seyid Seyidov, Asif Guliyev, Seyid Seyidov, Asif Guliyev. "PROPERTIES OF OILS WORKING WITH HYDRAULIC MOTORS." PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 30, no. 07 (May 12, 2023): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei30072023-440.
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Hydraulic fluid is an indispensable element of any hydraulic system, in addition to its main function - the transfer of mechanical energy in the hydraulic system - it prevents accelerated wear of equipment parts and, thanks to special additives, from corrosion, contributes to the normal operation of the hydraulic system under various conditions: it provides heat exchange between the components of the hydraulic system with environment, and also acts as a lubricant to protect the rubbing elements of the hydraulic system. High-quality hydraulic oil must necessarily have certain important properties: be resistant to foaming, resist oxidative processes, not enter into chemical interactions with hydraulic system materials, have a low freezing point and a high ignition temperature, or not be flammable at all. Different grades of hydraulic oils differ in the following characteristics: pour point and fire point, corrosive effect on metal, specific gravity of contaminants and water, acid number, oxidation stability, viscosity index and kinematic viscosity. The reliability of hydraulic equipment is largely determined by the compatibility of oils and seal materials. The higher the compatibility, the less likely the equipment to leak and cause oil leaks. Keywords: hydraulic system, hydraulic oil, mechanical energy, materials, hydraulic motor
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Ganthaler, Andrea, and S. Mayr. "Vaccinium gaultherioides: Another insight into water relations of alpine dwarf shrubs." Journal of Plant Hydraulics 2 (November 17, 2015): e004. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/jph.2015.e004.
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Dwarf shrubs exhibit different requirements for a safe and efficient water supply compared to trees due their basitonic branching and low growth height. Though, only few studies dealt with the hydraulics of this growth form. Here we report key hydraulic parameters (vulnerability to drought-induced embolism, xylem hydraulic conductivity, cell osmotic potential, potential at turgor loss point) and related wood anatomical traits for Vaccinium gaultherioides, a wide-spread species in the European Alps. The results affirm the current knowledge, by indicating a relatively risky hydraulic strategy with low hydraulic safety compared to alpine trees and osmotic properties connected to the species’ soil humidity requirements.
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Schindler, Uwe Georg, and Frank Eulenstein. "Hydraulic properties of horticultural substrates." Open Data Journal for Agricultural Research 3 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/odjar.v3i1.15765.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydraulic properties"
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Bishop, Carolyn Wagoner 1947. "Hydraulic properties of vesicular basalt." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291554.
Full textAbstract:
Laboratory experiments were conducted on vesicular basalt cores to estimate hydraulic properties. Properties included dry bulk density, effective porosity, skeletal density, saturated hydraulic conductivity and determination of moisture characteristic curves. Unsaturated hydraulic properties estimated included hydraulic conductivity and diffusivity as a function of matrix suction. Infiltration tests were run on a larger block of the same basalt. Infiltration curves were developed and saturated hydraulic conductivity estimated.
2
Edwards, Andrew J. "Properties of hydraulic and non-hydraulic limes for use in construction." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2005. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6884.
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The term "lime" comes from the word limestone. Limestone rocks were converted to lime powder by burning (calcining). The process of converting limestone to lime was an old process and it has been well documented, archaeologically. It has been established that the production of lime is the oldest industrial process can"ied out by humankind, dating back thousands of years. In fact, 3650 years ago Moses instructed the people of Israel, after they crossed the Jordan River, to set up large stones and whitewash them with lime and write the laws of God in lime. Lime was the most commonly used cementatious binder until about a century ago, when its use started to decline. It was replaced by Portland cement, a material essentially developed for structural purposes in the era of the industrial revolution. Portland cement has certain advantages over lime. The material develops strength and hardens faster for work to be carried out at a greater pace with better quality control and agreed standards. It has now become the dominant cementitious binder, part of it due to aggressive marketing of the material by the manufacturers. The use of Portland cement in the restoration and conservation of old buildings and structures in the UK over the past few years has resulted in a series of problems and cost millions of Pounds to eradicate. The decline in the use of lime in many countries has not only caused a diminution of its production, but has also contributed to a gradual disappearance of the traditional skills required both to produce a high quality product and to use it in construction. Therefore it is necessary to reintroduce and revive the old tradition of using lime by providing more information about its production and use. At present there are no comprehensive standards or code of practices, British or European to aid engineers and contractors in the use of hydraulic and non hydraulic limes in construction. BS EN 459 (2001) gives guidance on the chemical and physical properties of limes but it does not provide vital information about lime-based mortars e.g. mix proportions, mixing process, bond with masonry units, curing methods and all other necessary aspects to assess in the use of the material in construction. At present it is very easy for engineers, contractors and consultants to misuse lime mortars in new construction or in restoration and conservation of old buildings. Part of the decline in production of lime and reluctance of use in construction is due to the lack of understanding of the material properties and its performance in structures. Therefore it is necessary to examine and revive the old tradition in using lime mortars in construction and look at the new technologies used presently in the production process in order to provide the necessary background and information to aid the use of the material The present study provides a literature review, test results, discussions, conclusions and background information to set up standards in the production and use of hydraulic and non-hydraulic limes and their mortars in the construction of new buildings and the restoration and conservation of old buildings. Hydraulic and non-hydraulic limes have an excellent track record in buildings through history but their use in the UK was missed for some thirty years or more. Part of the reason for undertaking this research programme was to examine the properties of pre-packaged hydraulic limes available in the market at present. The properties of limes vary considerably dependent on the raw materials, composition and manufacturing process. The results of this study showed that there was a great variation in the properties and performance of limes and their mortars. The results also showed that the properties of lime mortar improved by adding different percentages of POliland cement. The research examined the effect of sand grading on the lime mortars compreSSIve, splitting and brick/mortar bond strength. The thesis also investigated the effects of using different casting moulds and curing methods on mortar strength. The results showed that the porosity of lime mortar was one of the reasons it was a success in the past and why it was so important nowadays to use it in the restoration and conservation of historic buildings.
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Nursetiawan, Nursetiawan. "The hydraulic properties of asphalt materials." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493711.
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It has been the UK experience and many other countries throughout the world that our climate is changing. It is predicted that the UK climate will become warmer and wetter weather and the frequency of heavy rainfall events will increase. Rainfall can lead to dangerous driving conditions and may lead to deterioration of in-service performance of the materials used in road construction. This was the reason for the investigations reported in thesis that studied the rainfall-runoff characteristics of road surface materials.
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Xiang, Jianwei. "Stochastic Estimation of Hydraulic Spatial Properties." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195209.
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A tomographic survey provides different coverages and perspectives on subsurface heterogeneity--incompletely overlapping information about the subsurface. Fusion of these pieces of information expands and enhances the capability of a conventional survey, provides cross-validation, and constrains inherently ill-posed field-scale inverse problems. In this study, we explore the possibility of using river stage variation for basin-scale subsurface tomographic surveys. Basin-scale tomography requires energy sources of great strengths; spatially and temporally varying natural stimuli are ideal energy sources for this purpose. Specifically, we use numerical models to simulate groundwater level changes in response to temporal and spatial variations of river stage in a hypothetical groundwater basin. We then exploit the relation between temporal and spatial variations of well hydrographs and river stage to image the heterogeneous characteristics of the basin.Next, we apply the hydraulic tomography testing technique and analysis algorithm to synthetic fractured media. The application aims to explore the potential utility of the technique and the algorithm for characterizing fracture zone distribution and their connectivity. Results of this investigation show that using hydraulic tomography with a limited number of wells can map satisfactorily the fracture zone distribution and the general pattern of its connectivity although estimated hydraulic property fields are smooth. As the number of wells and monitoring ports increases, the fracture zone distribution and connectivity becomes more vivid and the estimated hydraulic properties approach the true values.Further we develop a new parameter identification method that allows for simultaneous inclusion of all observed hydrographs from hydraulic tomography to map aquifer heterogeneity. A procedure is then recommended to diagnose and denoise observed hydrographs. Subsequently, we introduce methods that exploit these processed hydrographs for estimating effective parameters, boundary conditions, and statistical spatial structures of heterogeneity, which are the required inputs for the new hydraulic tomography analysis method. This new method and the data processing procedure are tested in a synthetic aquifer and subsequently applied to a sand box experiment. The estimated parameter fields for the sand box experiment are validated by predicting the head distribution induced by an independent pumping test, which was not used in the hydraulic tomography analysis.
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Myers, Raleigh D. "Hydraulic properties of south Florida wetland peats." [Florida] : State University System of Florida, 1999. http://etd.fcla.edu/etd/uf/1999/amp7399/rdmyers.pdf.
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Thesis (M.E.)--University of Florida, 1999.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 146 p.; also contains graphics. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 141-145).
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Minasny, Budiman. "Efficient Methods for Predicting Soil Hydraulic Properties." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/853.
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Both empirical and process-simulation models are useful for evaluating the effects of management practices on environmental quality and crop yield. The use of these models is limited, however, because they need many soil property values as input. The first step towards modelling is the collection of input data. Soil properties can be highly variable spatially and temporally, and measuring them is time-consuming and expensive. Efficient methods, which consider the uncertainty and cost of measurements, for estimating soil hydraulic properties form the main thrust of this study. Hydraulic properties are affected by other soil physical, and chemical properties, therefore it is possible to develop empirical relations to predict them. This idea quantified is called a pedotransfer function. Such functions may be global or restricted to a country or region. The different classification of particle-size fractions used in Australia compared with other countries presents a problem for the immediate adoption of exotic pedotransfer functions. A database of Australian soil hydraulic properties has been compiled. Pedotransfer functions for estimating water-retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity from particle size and bulk density for Australian soil are presented. Different approaches for deriving hydraulic transfer functions have been presented and compared. Published pedotransfer functions were also evaluated, generally they provide a satisfactory estimation of water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity depending on the spatial scale and accuracy of prediction. Several pedotransfer functions were developed in this study to predict water retention and hydraulic conductivity. The pedotransfer functions developed here may predict adequately in large areas but for site-specific applications local calibration is needed. There is much uncertainty in the input data, and consequently the transfer functions can produce varied outputs. Uncertainty analysis is therefore needed. A general approach to quantifying uncertainty is to use Monte Carlo methods. By sampling repeatedly from the assumed probability distributions of the input variables and evaluating the response of the model the statistical distribution of the outputs can be estimated. A modified Latin hypercube method is presented for sampling joint multivariate probability distributions. This method is applied to quantify the uncertainties in pedotransfer functions of soil hydraulic properties. Hydraulic properties predicted using pedotransfer functions developed in this study are also used in a field soil-water model to analyze the uncertainties in the prediction of dynamic soil-water regimes. The use of the disc permeameter in the field conventionally requires the placement of a layer of sand in order to provide good contact between the soil surface and disc supply membrane. The effect of sand on water infiltration into the soil and on the estimate of sorptivity was investigated. A numerical study and a field experiment on heavy clay were conducted. Placement of sand significantly increased the cumulative infiltration but showed small differences in the infiltration rate. Estimation of sorptivity based on the Philip's two term algebraic model using different methods was also examined. The field experiment revealed that the error in infiltration measurement was proportional to the cumulative infiltration curve. Infiltration without placement of sand was considerably smaller because of the poor contact between the disc and soil surface. An inverse method for predicting soil hydraulic parameters from disc permeameter data has been developed. A numerical study showed that the inverse method is quite robust in identifying the hydraulic parameters. However application to field data showed that the estimated water retention curve is generally smaller than the one obtained in laboratory measurements. Nevertheless the estimated near-saturated hydraulic conductivity matched the analytical solution quite well. Th author believes that the inverse method can give a reasonable estimate of soil hydraulic parameters. Some experimental and theoretical problems were identified and discussed. A formal analysis was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the different methods in predicting water retention and hydraulic conductivity. The analysis identified the contribution of individual source of measurement errors to the overall uncertainty. For single measurements, the inverse disc-permeameter analysis is economically more efficient than using pedotransfer functions or measuring hydraulic properties in the laboratory. However, given the large amount of spatial variation of soil hydraulic properties it is perhaps not surprising that lots of cheap and imprecise measurements, e.g. by hand texturing, are more efficient than a few expensive precise ones.
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Minasny, Budiman. "Efficient Methods for Predicting Soil Hydraulic Properties." University of Sydney. Land, Water & Crop Sciences, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/853.
Full textAbstract:
Both empirical and process-simulation models are useful for evaluating the effects of management practices on environmental quality and crop yield. The use of these models is limited, however, because they need many soil property values as input. The first step towards modelling is the collection of input data. Soil properties can be highly variable spatially and temporally, and measuring them is time-consuming and expensive. Efficient methods, which consider the uncertainty and cost of measurements, for estimating soil hydraulic properties form the main thrust of this study. Hydraulic properties are affected by other soil physical, and chemical properties, therefore it is possible to develop empirical relations to predict them. This idea quantified is called a pedotransfer function. Such functions may be global or restricted to a country or region. The different classification of particle-size fractions used in Australia compared with other countries presents a problem for the immediate adoption of exotic pedotransfer functions. A database of Australian soil hydraulic properties has been compiled. Pedotransfer functions for estimating water-retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity from particle size and bulk density for Australian soil are presented. Different approaches for deriving hydraulic transfer functions have been presented and compared. Published pedotransfer functions were also evaluated, generally they provide a satisfactory estimation of water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity depending on the spatial scale and accuracy of prediction. Several pedotransfer functions were developed in this study to predict water retention and hydraulic conductivity. The pedotransfer functions developed here may predict adequately in large areas but for site-specific applications local calibration is needed. There is much uncertainty in the input data, and consequently the transfer functions can produce varied outputs. Uncertainty analysis is therefore needed. A general approach to quantifying uncertainty is to use Monte Carlo methods. By sampling repeatedly from the assumed probability distributions of the input variables and evaluating the response of the model the statistical distribution of the outputs can be estimated. A modified Latin hypercube method is presented for sampling joint multivariate probability distributions. This method is applied to quantify the uncertainties in pedotransfer functions of soil hydraulic properties. Hydraulic properties predicted using pedotransfer functions developed in this study are also used in a field soil-water model to analyze the uncertainties in the prediction of dynamic soil-water regimes. The use of the disc permeameter in the field conventionally requires the placement of a layer of sand in order to provide good contact between the soil surface and disc supply membrane. The effect of sand on water infiltration into the soil and on the estimate of sorptivity was investigated. A numerical study and a field experiment on heavy clay were conducted. Placement of sand significantly increased the cumulative infiltration but showed small differences in the infiltration rate. Estimation of sorptivity based on the Philip's two term algebraic model using different methods was also examined. The field experiment revealed that the error in infiltration measurement was proportional to the cumulative infiltration curve. Infiltration without placement of sand was considerably smaller because of the poor contact between the disc and soil surface. An inverse method for predicting soil hydraulic parameters from disc permeameter data has been developed. A numerical study showed that the inverse method is quite robust in identifying the hydraulic parameters. However application to field data showed that the estimated water retention curve is generally smaller than the one obtained in laboratory measurements. Nevertheless the estimated near-saturated hydraulic conductivity matched the analytical solution quite well. Th author believes that the inverse method can give a reasonable estimate of soil hydraulic parameters. Some experimental and theoretical problems were identified and discussed. A formal analysis was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the different methods in predicting water retention and hydraulic conductivity. The analysis identified the contribution of individual source of measurement errors to the overall uncertainty. For single measurements, the inverse disc-permeameter analysis is economically more efficient than using pedotransfer functions or measuring hydraulic properties in the laboratory. However, given the large amount of spatial variation of soil hydraulic properties it is perhaps not surprising that lots of cheap and imprecise measurements, e.g. by hand texturing, are more efficient than a few expensive precise ones.
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Pagliarin, Chiara. "Sampling and hydraulic properties of stony soils." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426871.
Full textAbstract:
Subjects of this thesis were sampling and hydraulic properties of stony soils.
Sampling is important to achieve knowledge of soil spatial variability. Soil surveys are generally time-consuming, labour-intensive and costly. This is especially true in stony soils where large numbers of samples are required to obtain a rappresentative sample size, and where sampling efforts are bigger than in non-stony soils. The potential use, of electromagnetic induction scans (EMI) to measure bulk electrical conductivity (EC) and improve the estimate precision of sparsely sampled primary variables, was assessed in a 5-ha gravelly soil vineyard in Valpolicella, North-Eastern Italy. EMI measurements were taken using a Geonics EM38DD operating in both horizontal and vertical mode. Geoelectrical investigations were also done in 18 positions with the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method in order to obtain high-resolution images of soil profile. The spatial variability of soil properties and their relationships with EC, in horizontal and vertical mode, was estimated by multivariate geostatistical techniques. There was generally close relationship between EC and the measured physical properties. The results proved that EM38DD could be advantageously used to infer soil spatial variability in gravelly soils, even if ground-truth soil samples are necessary to understand and interpret EC measurements.
Hydraulic properties were studied by different approaches.
Reconstructed samples were manually constructed using sieved clay soil and synthetic sand, as fine earth fraction, and glass spheres or cylinders, as coarse fraction. The choice to use the glass was to have a material which did not have any porosity, so it could be possible to evaluate the steric role of coarse fragment on soil hydraulic properties. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) measurements and evaporation experiments were conducted to determine hydraulic conductivity function and soil water retention characteristic. Ks values were compared with the theoretical approaches as literature describes. These approaches decrease the soil water content and hydraulic conductivity as stone content increases.
Evaporation results were fitted by RETC to determine the van Genuchten-Mualem parameters. Nevertheless the observed high variability, results showed that coarse fragment effect on soil hydraulic properties has to be considered, both in terms of reduction of area for water flow and increase of the tortuosity, and as a factor which influences fine earth characteristics, determining a fine earth bulk density variation (bdfe). Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements, evaporation experiments and mercury intrusion porosimetry analyses were conducted on undisturbed samples. Evaporation results were inverted by Hydrus 1D to estimate the van Genuchten-Mualem parameters. Correlation matrix showed stone positive effect on saturated hydraulic conductivity, which might be explained by the negative relationship between fine earth bulk density and coarse fragment content and by the positive relationship between coarse fragments and macro-porosity classes.
Eighteen tension disc infiltration experiments were conducted in three soils of Regione Lombardia, Northern Italy. Soils were different for texture, stone content and organic matter content. Infitrometry experiments were used to determine the van-Genuchten-Mualem parameters by mean of Hydrus 2D/3D, used in parameter estimation mode. Some pedotransfer functions (PTFs) were used as multiple regression tool to better understand the effects of the analysed factors. Results showed high variability and it was not possible to clearly define the coarse fragment effect on soil hydraulic properties. PTFs showed, by the way, the importance of using the fine earth bulk density, both measured and estimated, to improve the estimation of saturated hydraulic conductivity.
PEST-Hydrus 3D interface was used to determine the van Genuchten-Mualem parameters of the fine earth fraction (sieved clay), of some previously described reconstructed samples, on which evaporation experiments were conducted. Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, as influenced by tortuosity, was determined by simulated infiltration events by Hydrus 3D, using different domains which contained different “empty spaces”, comparable to the coarse fragment content. Ksoil/Kfe ratio is normally used to determine hydraulic conductivity reduction in increasing coarse fragment content. Ksoil/Kfe was used to observe the stone positive effect on fine earth characteristics: it showed a tendency of increase of the hydraulic conductivity as stone content increased. Ksoil/Kfe ratio was also used to determine tortuosity effect: for the studied soils, there were not differences between cylinder and sphere effect on hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, it was observed that tortuosity effect decreased as matric potential, in absolute value, increased.
Results proved that the theoretical approach used to determine the water content reduction in increasing coarse fragment content is a realistic estimation tool. Approaches used to determine hydraulic conductivity in increasing stone content should consider both the tortuosity effect and the fine earth bulk density variation as determined by the presence of coarse fragments.In questo lavoro di tesi si sono approfondite tematiche legate al campionamento e alle proprietà idrauliche dei suoli scheletrici. Il campionamento è un aspetto fondamentale per conoscere la variabilità presente in un suolo. La capacità di descrivere dettagliatamente la realtà in esame è influenzata, oltre che dai mezzi tecnici utilizzati per effettuare il campionamento, anche dalla disponibilità in termini economici e di tempo. Nei suoli scheletrici tali limiti sono aumentati dalla maggiore quantità di suolo necessaria per ottenere un campione significativo e dalla maggiore difficoltà di campionamento rispetto ai suolo non scheletrici. Sul suolo di un vigneto di 5 ha in Valpolicella (VR) è stata valutata la possibilità di utilizzare strumenti ad induzione elettromagnetica (EMI) per misurare la conducibilità elettrica (EC) e la possibilità di tali strumenti di migliorare la stima di variabili primarie del suolo. Lo strumento impiegato per determinare EC è stato Geonics EM38DD, utilizzato sia in modalità orizzontale che verticale. Si sono inoltre condotte 18 tomografie di resistenza elettrica (ERT) al fine di ottenere immagini ad alta risoluzione del profilo del suolo. La variabilità spaziale delle proprietà del suolo e i valori di EC, orizzontali e verticali, è stata stimata utilizzando tecniche geostatistiche multivariate. In generale si è trovata una buona relazione tra EC e le proprietà fisiche misurate, dimostrando che EM38DD potrebbe essere utilizzato in modo vantaggioso per inferire la variabilità spaziale in suoli scheletrici, anche se rimane necessario il campionamento in campo per capire ed interpretare le misure di EC. Le proprietà idrauliche sono state analizzate utilizzando diversi approcci. Si sono innanzitutto ricostruiti dei campioni, utilizzando come terra fine un terreno argilloso e della sabbia sintetica, e sfere e cilindri di vetro come materiale grossolano. Il vetro è stato scelto in quanto rappresenta un materiale non poroso e adatto a studiare l’influenze sterica di tali materiali sulle caratteristiche idrauliche del suolo. Al fine di determinare la ritenzione idrica e la conducibilità idraulica insatura sono state effettuate delle misure di conducibilità idraulica satura (Ks) ed esperimenti evaporimetrici. I valori di Ks sono stati confrontati con gli approcci teorici presenti in letteratura. Questi prevedono una riduzione della ritenzione idrica e della conducibilità idraulica in funzione del contenuto di scheletro. I dati derivanti dagli esperimenti evaporimetrici sono stati interpolati utilizzando RETC per determinare i parametri del’equazione di van Genuchten-Mualem. Da tali prove, nonostante l’alta variabilità presente, è emerso che l’influenza del materiale grossolano sulle proprietà idrauliche deve essere considerata sia in termini di riduzione dell’area disponibile per il flusso di acqua e di tortuosità, sia come fattore che influenza le caratteristiche della terra fine, determinando una variazione della massa volumica apparente della stessa (bdfe). Misure di conducibilità satura, esperimenti evaporimetrici e analisi di porosimetria ad intrusione di mercurio sono stati condotti su campioni indisturbati. I dati evaporimetrici ottenuti sono stati analizzati utilizzando Hydrus 1D al fine di stimare i parametri dell’equazione di van Genuchten-Mualem. Da un’analisi di correlazione è emersa la positiva influenza dello scheletro sulla conducibilità satura, che è spiegabile dalla relazione negativa tra massa volumica apparente e lo scheletro stesso, e dalla relazione positiva tra scheletro e le classi più macroporose. Diciotto analisi di infiltrazione, utilizzando un infiltrometro a tensione, sono state condotte in tre siti lombardi, differenti per tessitura, contenuto in scheletro e sostanza organica. Gli esperimenti infiltrometrici sono stati modelizzati con Hydrus 2D/3D, permettendo di stimare i parametri dell’equazione di van Genuchten-Mualem. Alcune funzioni di pedotrasferimento (PTFs) sono state inoltre utilizzate come strumento di regressione multipla per meglio capire l’influenza dei diversi fattori analizzati. La variabilità presente è risultata elevata, e non si è potuta determinare in modo chiaro l’influenza del solo scheletro sulle caratteristiche idrauliche. PTFs hanno, comunque, permesso di evidenziare l’importanza di utilizzare la densità apparente della terra fine, misurata o stimata, come fattore che migliora la capacità predittiva per la determinazione della conducibilità idraulica satura. Utilizzando PEST-Hydrus 3D è stato possibile determinare i parametri dell’equazione di van Genuchten-Mualem della sola terra fine, di alcuni dei campioni ricostruiti descritti in precedenza, su cui si erano condotti esperimenti evaporimetrici. Effettuando simulazioni di infiltrazione in Hydrus 3D, utilizzando domini a differente contenuto di “spazi vuoti”, assimilabili al contentuto di scheletro, si è inoltre determinato il comportamento della conducibilità idraulica insatura in funzione della tortuosità. Utilizzando Ksoil/Kfe, rapporto che è normalmente utilizzato per determinare la riduzione della conducibilità in funzione del contenuto di scheletro, si è potuto osservare la positiva influenza dello scheletro sulle caratteristiche della terra fine, evidenziando una tendenza all’aumento della conducibilità all’aumentare del contenuto di scheletro. Lo stesso approccio è stato utilizzato per determinare l’influenza della tortuosità: per i suoli studiati non sono emerse differenze tra l’influenza dei cilindri e delle sfere su questo parametro e si è osservato che l’incidenza della tortuosità decresce all’aumentare, in valore assoluto, del potenziale matriciale. Dai risultati ottenuti è un approccio realistico ipotizzare che in un suolo, mantenendo costanti le caratteristiche della terra fine, diminusca la ritenzione idrica in funzione dell’aumento del contenuto di scheletro su base volumetrica. Gli approcci utilizzati per determinare della conducibilità idraulica all’aumentare dello scheletro dovrebbero considerare, oltre all’influenza delle tortuosità, anche la variazione di massa volumica apparente della terra fine determinata dalla presenza dello scheletro stesso.
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Childs, Conrad James. "The structure and hydraulic properties of fault zones." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367208.
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MONCADA, MONICA PRISCILLA HERNANDEZ. "EVALUATION OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF UNSATURATED TROPICAL SOILS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12304@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O presente trabalho de pesquisa teve dois objetivos principais. O primeiro foi obter um índice geotécnico que permita avaliar o grau de intemperismo dos solos residuais. Para isto foram analisados dados correspondentes a perfis de alteração de Gnaisse característicos do município do Rio de Janeiro e executou-se a caracterização completa de um perfil específico de alteração de Gnaisse Facoidal. O segundo objetivo foi a determinação experimental das propriedades hidráulicas de solos tropicais não saturados. Como parte deste objetivo foram desenvolvidos novos instrumentos e modificados equipamentos existentes. A determinação da curva característica de sucção foi efetuada em seis solos residuais e em dois solos sedimentares. Na obtenção das curvas de retenção foram utilizadas as técnicas de translação de eixos, papel filtro e umidade relativa. Esta curva foi também definida a partir de resultados de ensaios de porosimetria de mercúrio. Avaliou-se a aplicabilidade dos modelos disponíveis na literatura no ajuste dos dados experimentais. A função de permeabilidade foi determinada em dois solos, um residual e um sedimentar, utilizando um permeâmetro de parede flexível com sucção controlada. Análises numéricas, efetuadas para avaliar o comportamento do equipamento utilizado, possibilitaram a definição de uma metodologia otimizada de interpretação dos resultados. A aplicabilidade dos modelos disponíveis na literatura na obtenção da função de permeabilidade foi analisada, tendo-se verificado a necessidade de introdução de mudanças nestas formulações para se conseguir reproduzir as medidas diretas efetuadas.
The present research work had two main objectives. The first was to obtain a geotechnical index for measuring the weathering degree of gneissic residual soils. For that it were analyzed data corresponding to typical weathering profiles found in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro and executed a complete characterization of a specific weathering profile of facoidal gneiss. The second objective was to determine, experimentally, the hydraulic properties of tropical unsaturated soils. As part of that new instruments were developed and existing equipments were modified. Moisture retention curves were determined for six residual soils and two sedimentary ones. The axis- translation technique, the filter paper method and the relative humidity one were employed to obtain such curves. Data from mercury intrusion porosimetry tests were also used to define these curves. The applicability of models available in literature to adjust the obtained experimental data was evaluated. The hydraulic conductivity function was determined for two soils, one residual and one sedimentary. A suction controlled, flexible wall permeameter set up was used for that. Numerical modeling was implemented to evaluate the performance of the experimental set up. This provided means for an optimized interpretation of the testing results. The applicability of models available in the literature to obtain the permeability functions was evaluated, being found the need to introduce changes in their formulation in order to be able to reproduce the obtained experimental data.
Books on the topic "Hydraulic properties"
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Kohonen, Reijo. Hydraulic network simulation. Espoo, Finland: Valtion teknillinen tutkimuskeskus, 1989.
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Szewczyk, Kazimierz. Wpływ obniżonej temperatury na charakterystyki hydraulicznych układów maszyn roboczych ciężkich. Kraków: Politechnika Krakowska im. Tadeusza Kościuszki, 1991.
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International, ASTM. ASTM standards for determining subsurface hydraulic properties and groundwater modeling. 3rd ed. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2010.
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Strobel, Michael L. Hydraulic properties of three types of glacial deposits in Ohio. Columbus, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.
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Arioglu, E. Properties of hydraulic stowing material with particular reference to drainage requirements. S.l: s.n, 1985.
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Lyford, Forest P. Estimated hydraulic properties for the surficial-and bedrock-aquifer system, Meddybemps, Maine. Northborough, Mass: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1999.
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Bierkens, Marc F. P. Complex confining layers: A stochastic analysis of hydraulic properties at various scales. Utrecht, Netherlands: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, 1994.
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Kolev, Nikolay Ivanov. Multiphase Flow Dynamics 4: Turbulence, Gas Adsorption and Release, Diesel Fuel Properties. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.
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Kaehler, C. A. Hydraulic properties of a fractured-rock aquifer, Lee Valley, San Diego County, California. Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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Winterstein, Thomas A. Hydraulic properties of Mt. Simon aquifer, Prairie Island Indian Community, southeastern Minnesota, 2001. Mounds View, MN: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Hydraulic properties"
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Chen, Sheng-Hong. "Study on Material Properties." In Hydraulic Structures, 95–137. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47331-3_3.
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Tyree, M. T. "Hydraulic Properties of Roots." In Root Ecology, 125–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09784-7_5.
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Angulo-Jaramillo, Rafael, Vincenzo Bagarello, Massimo Iovino, and Laurent Lassabatere. "Unsaturated Soil Hydraulic Properties." In Infiltration Measurements for Soil Hydraulic Characterization, 181–287. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31788-5_3.
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Singhal, B. B. S., and R. P. Gupta. "Hydraulic properties of rocks." In Applied Hydrogeology of Fractured Rocks, 151–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9208-6_8.
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Singhal, B. B. S., and R. P. Gupta. "Hydraulic Properties of Rocks." In Applied Hydrogeology of Fractured Rocks, 139–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8799-7_8.
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Zohuri, Bahman, and Nima Fathi. "Transport Properties." In Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors, 57–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17434-1_3.
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Zohuri, Bahman. "Transport Properties." In Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Nuclear Reactors, 77–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53829-7_3.
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Th. van Genuchten, Martinus, and Yakov A. Pachepsky. "Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soils." In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, 368–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_69.
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Singhal, B. B. S., and R. P. Gupta. "Estimation of Hydraulic Properties of Aquifers." In Applied Hydrogeology of Fractured Rocks, 155–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8799-7_9.
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Michael, Paul W., and Hongmei Zhao. "Chapter 17 | Hydraulic Fluids." In Fuels and Lubricants Handbook: Technology, Properties, Performance, and Testing, 2nd Edition, 645–81. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl3720170004.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Hydraulic properties"
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Beaven, Richard P., William Powrie, and Kiriaki Zardava. "Hydraulic Properties of MSW." In International Symposium on Waste Mechanics 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41146(395)1.
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E. Danielsen, B., and T. Dahlin. "Geophysical and Hydraulic Properties in Rock." In Near Surface 2006 - 12th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201402716.
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Bicalho, Katia Vanessa, Dobroslav Znidarcic, and Hon-Yim Ko. "Air Entrapment Effects on Hydraulic Properties." In Geo-Denver 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40510(287)34.
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Majdič, Franc, Nejc Novak, Jan Pustavrh, Blaž Laznik, and Ana Trajkovski. "TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDER PISTON SEALINGS IN WATER AND OIL HYDRAULICS." In 14th International Fluid Power Conference (14. IFK). Denmark: River Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/rp-9788770042222c09.
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Ribeiro, Lionel, and Mukul Mani Sharma. "Multi-Phase Fluid-Loss Properties and Return Permeability of Energized Fracturing Fluids." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/139622-ms.
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Jansen, Timothy Arthur, Ding Zhu, and Alfred Daniel Hill. "The Effect of Rock Mechanical Properties on Fracture Conductivity for Shale Formations." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/173347-ms.
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Jansen, T., D. Zhu, and A. D. Hill. "The Effect of Rock Mechanical Properties on Fracture Conductivity for Shale Formations." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173347-ms.
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Abstract Hydraulic fracture treatments are used in low permeability shale reservoirs in order to provide conductive pathways from the reservoir to the wellbore. The success of these treatments is highly reliant on the created fracture conductivity. Optimizing fracture designs to improve well performance requires knowledge of how fracture conductivity is affected by rock and proppant characteristics. This study investigates the relationship between rock characteristics and laboratory measurements of propped and unpropped fracture conductivity of outcrop sample from the Eagle Ford shale and the Fayetteville shale. Triaxial compression tests were performed on core specimens in order to determine the Young's Modulus and Poisson's Ratio of the outcrop samples. Profilometer surface scans were also performed to characterize the fracture topography. The results from this study show that the main factors affecting fracture conductivity are closure stress and proppant characteristics (concentration, size, and strength). For unpropped fractures, the fracture topography is the main factor in determining fracture conductivity. The topography interaction of the two surfaces determines the fracture width. Higher Young's Modulus helps maintain fracture width by resisting deformation as closure stress increases compared with lower Young's Modulus. For propped fractures, the more influential factor in determining fracture conductivity is proppant characteristics (concentration, size, and strength). At a proppant monolayer placement, the major mechanism for conductivity loss is proppant embedment, leading to decreased fracture width. A higher Young's Modulus reduces the proppant embedment and better maintains fracture conductivity as closure stress increases. For a multilayer proppant pack concentration, the effect of rock characteristics is negligible compared to the effect of proppant pack characteristics.
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Wu, Weiwei, and Mukul Mani Sharma. "Acid Fracturing Shales: Effect of Dilute Acid on Properties and Pore Structure of Shale." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/173390-ms.
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Wu, Weiwei, and Mukul M. Sharma. "Acid Fracturing Shales: Effect of Dilute Acid on Properties and Pore Structure of Shale." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. SPE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/spe-173390-ms.
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Abstract Many microfractures created during hydraulic fracturing are too small to be filled with proppants and are likely closed during production. However, for some shales that are rich in calcite (calcareous mudstones), such as the Bakken and Eagle Ford shale, dilute acids can be used while fracturing to maintain the conductivity of these microfractures under closure stress by non-uniformly etching the fracture surfaces. The mineralogy and pore structure of the shale and their evolution during acid fracturing are critical factors on the surface surface etching profile and the fluid leakoff. Therefore, understanding how acid dissolution changes the microstructure, petrophysical properties and pore structures of shale is essential in the design and application of acid fracturing in shales. In this paper changes in shale properties and pore structure by acid fracturing were demonstrated and visually observed for the first time with a scanning electron microscope. Acidized sections of a shale core sample were carefully isolated, and its microstructure, pore structure and petrophysical properties were systematically studied and compared with non-acidized sections of the core. Microstructure changes were found to be strongly dependent on mineral distribution, and several patterns were identified: channels developed in carbonate-rich regions; cavities or grooves formed in carbonate-rich islands or carbonate rings; and surface roughness was created in mixed zones of scattered carbonate and inert minerals. Inert minerals such as clay, organic matter stay relatively undisturbed in the structure, while some mineral grains can be dislodged from their original locations by dissolution of the surrounding carbonates. Many macropores with size up to 120 µm were created and mesopores mostly associated with clay gained more accessibility. Significantly increased permeability and porosity was measured in an acidized shale matrix. Brinell hardness measurements show that, as expected, the hardness of the shale was reduced by acidizing. This means that for acidizing to work effectively, it is important to not etch the fracture surfaces uniformly. Doing so will result in a reduction in the fracture conductivity under stress. The microstructure changes introduced by acid fracturing demonstrated in this study will result in the formation of surface asperities which is likely to improve the fracture conductivity of induced unpropped fractures. The acidized shale matrix close to the fracture surface with increased abundance of macropores and accessibility to mesopores may serve as a preferred pathway for fluid flow as well.
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Cheng, Yueming, W. John Lee, and Duane Allen McVay. "A New Approach for Reliable Estimation of Hydraulic Fracture Properties in Tight Gas Wells." In SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/105767-ms.
Full textReports on the topic "Hydraulic properties"
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Zhang, Renduo, and David Russo. Scale-dependency and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7587220.bard.
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Water resources assessment and protection requires quantitative descriptions of field-scale water flow and contaminant transport through the subsurface, which, in turn, require reliable information about soil hydraulic properties. However, much is still unknown concerning hydraulic properties and flow behavior in heterogeneous soils. Especially, relationships of hydraulic properties changing with measured scales are poorly understood. Soil hydraulic properties are usually measured at a small scale and used for quantifying flow and transport in large scales, which causes misleading results. Therefore, determination of scale-dependent and spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties provides the essential information for quantifying water flow and chemical transport through the subsurface, which are the key processes for detection of potential agricultural/industrial contaminants, reduction of agricultural chemical movement, improvement of soil and water quality, and increase of agricultural productivity. The original research objectives of this project were: 1. to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales at large fields; 2. to develop scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties; and 3. to determine spatial variability and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties as a function of measurement scales. The US investigators conducted field and lab experiments to measure soil hydraulic properties at different locations and different scales. Based on the field and lab experiments, a well-structured database of soil physical and hydraulic properties was developed. The database was used to study scale-dependency, spatial variability, and heterogeneity of soil hydraulic properties. An improved method was developed for calculating hydraulic properties based on infiltration data from the disc infiltrometer. Compared with the other methods, the proposed method provided more accurate and stable estimations of the hydraulic conductivity and macroscopic capillary length, using infiltration data collected atshort experiment periods. We also developed scale-dependent relationships of soil hydraulic properties using the fractal and geostatistical characterization. The research effort of the Israeli research team concentrates on tasks along the second objective. The main accomplishment of this effort is that we succeed to derive first-order, upscaled (block effective) conductivity tensor, K'ᵢⱼ, and time-dependent dispersion tensor, D'ᵢⱼ, i,j=1,2,3, for steady-state flow in three-dimensional, partially saturated, heterogeneous formations, for length-scales comparable with those of the formation heterogeneity. Numerical simulations designed to test the applicability of the upscaling methodology to more general situations involving complex, transient flow regimes originating from periodic rain/irrigation events and water uptake by plant roots suggested that even in this complicated case, the upscaling methodology essentially compensated for the loss of sub-grid-scale variations of the velocity field caused by coarse discretization of the flow domain. These results have significant implications with respect to the development of field-scale solute transport models capable of simulating complex real-world scenarios in the subsurface, and, in turn, are essential for the assessment of the threat posed by contamination from agricultural and/or industrial sources.
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White, Kathleen D. Hydraulic and Physical Properties Affecting Ice Jams. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada375289.
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Dixon, K., and M. Mark Phifer. HYDRAULIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MCU SALTSTONE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/928559.
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Warrick, Arthur, Uri Shani, Dani Or, and Muluneh Yitayew. In situ Evaluation of Unsaturated Hydraulic Properties Using Subsurface Points. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570566.bard.
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The primary information for accurately predicting water and solute movement and their impact on water quality is the characterization of soil hydraulic properties. This project was designed to develop methods for rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties of the soil. Particularly, in situ methodology is put forth, based on subsurface point sources. Devices were designed to allow introduction of water in subsurface settings at constant negative heads. The ability to operate at a negative head allows a direct method of finding unsaturated soil properties and a mechanism for eliminating extremely rapid preferential flow from the slow matrix flow. The project included field, laboratory and modeling components. By coupling the measurements and the modeling together, a wider range of designs can be examined, while at the same time realistic performance is assured. The developed methodology greatly expands the possibilities for evaluating hydraulic properties in place, especially for measurements in undisturbed soil within plant rooting zones. The objectives of the project were (i) To develop methods for obtaining rapid and reliable estimates of unsaturated hydraulic properties in situ, based on water distribution from subsurface point sources. These can be operated with a constant flow or at a constant head; (ii) To develop methods for distinguishing between matrix and preferential flow using cavities/permeameters under tension; (iii) To evaluate auxiliary measurements such as soil water content or tensions near the operating cavities to improve reliability of results; and (iv: To develop numerical and analytical models for obtaining soil hydraulic properties based on measurements from buried-cavity sources and the auxiliary measurements. The project began in July 1995 and was terminated in November 1998. All of the objectives were pursued. Three new subsurface point sources were designed and tested and two old types were also used. Two of the three new designs used a nylon cloth membrane (30 mm) arranged in a cylindrical geometry and operating at a negative water pressure (tension). A separate bladder arrangement allowed inflation under a positive pressure to maintain contact between the membrane and the soil cavity. The third new design used porous stainless steel (0.5 and 5 mm) arranged in six segments, each with its own water inlet, assembled to form a cylindrical supply surface when inflated in a borehole. The "old" types included an "off-the-shelf" porous cup as well as measurements from a subsurface drip emitter in a small subsurface cavity. Reasonable measurements were made with all systems. Sustained use of the cloth membrane devices were difficult because of leaks and plugging problems. All of the devices require careful consideration to assure contact with the soil system. Steady flow was established which simplified the analysis (except for the drip emitter which used a transient analysis).
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Finsterle, S. Design of a welltest for determining two-phase hydraulic properties. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/90684.
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Knotters, M., F. M. van Egmond, G. Bakker, D. J. J. Walvoort, and F. Brouwer. A selection of sensing techniques for mapping soil hydraulic properties. Wageningen: Wageningen Environmental Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/429204.
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Dixon, K., J. John Harbour, and M. Mark Phifer. HYDRAULIC AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SALTSTONE GROUTS AND VAULT CONCRETES. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/945002.
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Domski, P. S., D. T. Upton, and R. L. Beauheim. Hydraulic testing around Room Q: Evaluation of the effects of mining on the hydraulic properties of Salado Evaporites. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/258215.
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Freeman, Eugene J., Raziuddin Khaleel, and Paula R. Heller. A Catalog of Vadose Zone Hydraulic Properties for the Hanford Site. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789272.
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Abrigo, G. P. Hydraulic properties of Hanford Waste Vitrification Project 39-4 frit slurries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/220602.
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