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Academic literature on the topic 'Hydrate Saturation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 19 April 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hydrate Saturation"

1

Wei, Jiangong, Tingting Wu, Xiuli Feng, Jinqiang Liang, Wenjing Li, Rui Xie, and Gang Wu. "Physical Properties of Gas Hydrate-Bearing Pressure Core Sediments in the South China Sea." Geofluids 2021 (April 29, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636125.

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Gas hydrates are a potential future energy resource and are widely distributed in marine sediments and permafrost areas. The physical properties and mechanical behavior of gas hydrate-bearing sediments are of great significance to seafloor stability and platform safety. In 2013, a large number of pressure cores were recovered during China’s second gas hydrate drilling expedition in the South China Sea. In this study, we determined the gas hydrate distribution, saturation, physical properties, and mechanical behavior of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments by conducting Multi-Sensor Core Logger measurements and triaxial and permeability tests. Disseminated gas hydrates, gas hydrate veins, and gas hydrate slabs were observed in the sediments. The gas hydrate distribution and saturation are spatially heterogeneous, with gas hydrate saturations of 0%–55.3%. The peak deviatoric stress of the gas hydrate-bearing sediments is 0.14–1.62 MPa under a 0.15–2.3 MPa effective confining stress. The permeability is 0.006– 0.095 × 10 − 3 μ m 2 , and it decreases with increasing gas hydrate saturation and burial depth.

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Chen, Yuan, Shiguo Wu, Ting Sun, and Shu Jia. "Study of the Appropriate Well Types and Parameters for the Safe and Efficient Production of Marine Gas Hydrates in Unconsolidated Reservoirs." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 4796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134796.

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The majority of marine hydrates are buried in unconsolidated or poorly consolidated marine sediments with limited cementation and strength. As a result, hydrate decomposition during production may cause the significant subsidence of the formation, necessitating a halt in production. The numerical model of unconsolidated hydrate formation, based on geomechanics, was established in order to elucidate the depressurization production process. The sensitive factors of unconsolidated hydrate production were determined by analyzing the influence of formation parameters and production parameters on gas production. Then, a safety formation subsidence was proposed in this paper, and the appropriate well type and parameters for the safe and efficient production of hydrates in unconsolidated formations of various saturations were determined. The sensitivity of gas production to the formation parameters was in the order of formation porosity, hydrate saturation, and buried depth, while the effects of the production parameters were BHP (bottom hole pressure), horizontal length, and the heat injection, in descending order. For hydrate reservoirs in the South China Sea, when the hydrate saturation is 20%, a horizontal well is necessary and the appropriate horizontal length should be less than 80 m. However, when hydrate saturation is more than 30%, a vertical well should be selected, and the appropriate bottom hole pressure should be no less than 3800 kPa and 4800 kPa for 30% and 40% saturation, respectively. Based on the simulation results, hydrate saturation was the key factor by which to select an appropriate production technique in advance and adjust the production parameters. The study has elucidated the depressurization production of marine unconsolidated hydrate formations at depth, which has numerous implications for field production.

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Du, Bing-rui, Da-wei Bai, Peng-hui Zhang, Peng Guo, and Qiang Zhang. "Physical Experiment Research on Dielectric Properties of Hydrate-bearing Sediment in Sandstone Reservoir." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803046.

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Dielectric constants can be used to detect hydrates in permafrost regions. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships between the dielectric constant characteristics of sandstone reservoir hydrate and the hydrate saturation degree through physical simulation experiments, as well as the granularity of the surrounding rock. Methane and tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrates with quartz sands were prepared, and their dielectric constants were analyzed. With different granularities of quartz sands, the dielectric constants of two different methane hydrate sediments decreased with increasing saturation degrees. At a given saturation degree, the dielectric constant of methane hydrate sediments with small granularity was larger than that with medium granularity, a result attributed to the unreacted water in the larger pores of the latter. In addition, the dielectric constant of methane hydrate sediments was larger than that of THF hydrates, which was also attributed to gas-phase factors and the presence of unreacted water. At a given granularity and saturation, the dielectric constants of both the THF and methane hydrates decreased with increasing saturation degrees. We conclude that at low temperature and under normal pressure, THF hydrates cannot be used as a substitute for methane hydrates in laboratory experiments investigating geophysical phenomena.

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Guo, Zhiqi, Xiaoyu Lv, Cai Liu, Haifeng Chen, and Zhiguang Cai. "Characterizing Gas Hydrate–Bearing Marine Sediments Using Elastic Properties—Part 1: Rock Physical Modeling and Inversion from Well Logs." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101379.

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Gas hydrates are considered a potential energy source for the future. Rock physics modeling provides insights into the elastic response of sediments containing gas hydrates, which is essential for identifying gas hydrates using well-log data and seismic attributes. This paper establishes a rock physics model (RPM) by employing effective medium theories to quantify the elastic properties of sediments containing gas hydrates. Specifically, the proposed RPM introduces critical gas hydrate saturation for various modeling schemes. Such a key factor considers the impact of gas hydrates on sediment stiffnesses during the dynamic process of the gas hydrate accumulating as pore fillings and part of the solid components. Theoretical modeling illustrates that elastic characteristics of the sediments exhibit distinct variation trends determined by critical gas hydrate saturation. Numerical tests of the model based on the well-log data confirm that the proposed technique can be employed to rationally predict gas hydrate saturation using the elastic properties. The compressional wave velocity model is also developed to estimate the gas hydrate saturation, which gives reliable fit results to core measurement data. The proposed methods could improve our understanding of the elastic behaviors of gas hydrates, providing a practical approach to estimating their concentrations.

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Sahoo, Sourav K., Laurence J. North, Hector Marín-Moreno, Tim A. Minshull, and Angus I. Best. "Laboratory observations of frequency-dependent ultrasonic P-wave velocity and attenuation during methane hydrate formation in Berea sandstone." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 1 (July 17, 2019): 713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz311.

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SUMMARY Knowledge of the effect of methane hydrate saturation and morphology on elastic wave attenuation could help reduce ambiguity in seafloor hydrate content estimates. These are needed for seafloor resource and geohazard assessment, as well as to improve predictions of greenhouse gas fluxes into the water column. At low hydrate saturations, measuring attenuation can be particularly useful as the seismic velocity of hydrate-bearing sediments is relatively insensitive to hydrate content. Here, we present laboratory ultrasonic (448–782 kHz) measurements of P-wave velocity and attenuation for successive cycles of methane hydrate formation (maximum hydrate saturation of 26 per cent) in Berea sandstone. We observed systematic and repeatable changes in the velocity and attenuation frequency spectra with hydrate saturation. Attenuation generally increases with hydrate saturation, and with measurement frequency at hydrate saturations below 6 per cent. For hydrate saturations greater than 6 per cent, attenuation decreases with frequency. The results support earlier experimental observations of frequency-dependent attenuation peaks at specific hydrate saturations. We used an effective medium rock-physics model which considers attenuation from gas bubble resonance, inertial fluid flow and squirt flow from both fluid inclusions in hydrate and different aspect ratio pores created during hydrate formation. Using this model, we linked the measured attenuation spectral changes to a decrease in coexisting methane gas bubble radius, and creation of different aspect ratio pores during hydrate formation.

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Sun, Jian Ye, Yu Guang Ye, Chang Ling Liu, and Jian Zhang. "Experimental Study on Gas Production from Methane Hydrate Bearing Sand by Depressurization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.28.

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The simulate experiments of gas production from methane hydrates reservoirs was proceeded with an experimental apparatus. Especially, TDR technique was applied to represent the change of hydrate saturation in real time during gas hydrate formation and dissociation. In this paper, we discussed and explained material transformation during hydrate formation and dissociation. The hydrates form and grow on the top of the sediments where the sediments and gas connect firstly. During hydrates dissociation by depressurization, the temperatures and hydrate saturation presented variously in different locations of sediments, which shows that hydrates dissociate earlier on the surface and outer layer of the sediments than those of in inner. The regulation of hydrates dissociation is consistent with the law of decomposition kinetics. Furthermore, we investigated the depressurizing range influence on hydrate dissociation process.

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Bu, Qingtao, Tongju Xing, Gaowei Hu, Changling Liu, Chengfeng Li, Jinhuan Zhao, Zihao Wang, Wengao Zhao, and Jiale Kang. "Methane Flux Effect on Hydrate Formation and Its Acoustic Responses in Natural Sands." Geofluids 2022 (May 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7746386.

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The acoustic properties of hydrate deposits are important parameters for hydrate geophysical exploration, and the gas leakage model plays a very important role in hydrate accumulation systems. In order to reflect the gas supply environment during hydrate formation, a high-pressure device with a simulated leakage system was designed to achieve different methane flux supplies. The effects of different methane fluxes on the hydrate formation rate and the maximum hydrate saturation were obtained. The results in this study indicate that similar hydrate formation rates occur in systems with different methane fluxes. However, when the methane flux is large, it takes longer to reach the maximum hydrate saturation, and the larger the methane flux, the larger the hydrate saturation formed. In each methane flux system, the elastic velocity increased slowly with increasing hydrate saturation at the beginning of hydrate formation, but velocity increased quickly when the hydrate saturation reached 50–60%. In order to take into account the effect of the gas, the calculated values of the elastic velocity model were compared with the experimental data, which indicated that the BGTL theory and the EMT model are more adaptable and can be used to deduce hydrate morphology. In the large methane flux system, the hydrate mainly forms at grain contacts when the hydrate saturation is 10–60%. As the hydrate saturation reaches 60–70%, hydrate forms first in the pore fluid, and then the hydrates contact sediment particles.

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Jarrar, Zaher, Riyadh Al-Raoush, Khalid Alshibli, and Jongwon Jung. "Dynamic 3D imaging of gas hydrate kinetics using synchrotron computed tomography." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 11004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020511004.

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The availability of natural gas hydrates and the continuing increase in energy demand, motivated researchers to consider gas hydrates as a future source of energy. Fundamental understanding of hydrate dissociation kinetics is essential to improve techniques of gas production from natural hydrates reservoirs. During hydrate dissociation, bonds between water (host molecules) and gas (guest molecules) break and free gas is released. This paper investigates the evolution of hydrate surface area, pore habit, and tortuosity using in-situ imaging of Xenon (Xe) hydrate formation and dissociation in porous media with dynamic three-dimensional synchrotron microcomputed tomography (SMT). Xe hydrate was formed inside a high- pressure, low-temperature cell and then dissociated by thermal stimulation. During formation and dissociation, full 3D SMT scans were acquired continuously and reconstructed into 3D volume images. Each scan took only 45 seconds to complete, and a total of 60 scans were acquired. Hydrate volume and surface area evolution were directly measured from the SMT scans. At low hydrate saturation, the predominant pore habit was surface coating, while the predominant pore habit at high hydrate saturation was pore filling. A second-degree polynomial can be used to predict variation of tortuosity with hydrate saturation with an R2 value of 0.997.

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Zhao, Jinhuan, Changling Liu, Chengfeng Li, Yongchao Zhang, Qingtao Bu, Nengyou Wu, Yang Liu, and Qiang Chen. "Pore-Scale Investigation of the Electrical Property and Saturation Exponent of Archie’s Law in Hydrate-Bearing Sediments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10010111.

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Characterizing the electrical property of hydrate-bearing sediments is essential for hydrate reservoir identification and saturation evaluation. As the major contributor to electrical conductivity, pore water is a key factor in characterizing the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments. The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of hydrates on pore water and the relationship between pore water characteristics and the saturation exponent of Archie’s law in hydrate-bearing sediments. A combination of X-ray computed tomography and resistivity measurement technology is used to derive the three-dimensional spatial structure and resistivity of hydrate-bearing sediments simultaneously, which is helpful to characterize pore water and investigate the saturation exponent of Archie’s law at the micro-scale. The results show that the resistivity of hydrate-bearing sediments is controlled by changes in pore water distribution and connectivity caused by hydrate formation. With the increase of hydrate saturation, pore water connectivity decreases, but the average coordination number and tortuosity increase due to much smaller and more tortuous throats of pore water divided by hydrate particles. It is also found that the saturation exponent of Archie’s law is controlled by the distribution and connectivity of pore water. As the parameters of connected pore water (e.g., porosity, water saturation) decrease, the saturation exponent decreases. At a low hydrate-saturation stage, the saturation exponent of Archie’s law changes obviously due to the complicated pore structure of hydrate-bearing sediments. A new logarithmic relationship between the saturation exponent of Archie’s law and the tortuosity of pore water is proposed which helps to calculate field hydrate saturation using resistivity logging data.

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Li, Xingbo, Yu Liu, Hanquan Zhang, Bo Xiao, Xin Lv, Haiyuan Yao, Weixin Pang, et al. "Non-Embedded Ultrasonic Detection for Pressure Cores of Natural Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediments." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12101997.

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An apparatus for the analysis of pressure cores containing gas hydrates at in situ pressures was designed, and a series of experiments to determine the compressional wave response of hydrate-bearing sands were performed systematically in the laboratory. Considering the difficulties encountered in performing valid laboratory tests and in recovering intact hydrate bearing sediment samples, the laboratory approach enabled closer study than the marine environment due to sample recovery problems. The apparatus was designed to achieve in situ hydrate formation in bearing sediments and synchronous ultrasonic detection. The P-wave velocity measurements enabled quick and successive ultrasonic analysis of pressure cores. The factors influencing P-wave velocity (Vp), including hydrate saturation and formation methodology, were investigated. By controlling the initial water saturation and gas pressure, we conducted separate experiments for different hydrate saturation values ranging from 2% to 60%. The measured P-wave velocity varied from less than 1700 m/s to more than 3100 m/s in this saturation range. The hydrate saturation can be successfully predicted by a linear fitting of the attenuation (Q−1) to the hydrate saturation. This approach provided a new method for acoustic measurement of the hydrate saturation when the arrival time of the first wave cannot be directly distinguished. Our results demonstrated that the specially designed non-embedded ultrasonic detection apparatus could determine the hydrate saturation and occurrence patterns in pressure cores, which could assist further hydrate resource exploration and detailed core analyses.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hydrate Saturation"

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Heber, Ryan Conover. "Evidence for Widespread, Low Saturation Gas Hydrate in the Barents and Norwegian Seas." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1587052616831745.

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Jihui, Jia. "Microscopic and Macroscopic Characterization on Mechanical Properties of Gas Hydrate." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215521.

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Sahoo, Sourav Kumar. "The effect of gas hydrate saturation and distribution on the geophysical properties of marine sediments." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423695/.

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Gas hydrates are ice–like compounds found in marine sediments and permafrosts. A significant fraction of all known hydrocarbons in nature is in the form of hydrate. Gas hydrates are a potential energy resource, with possible roles in seafloor slope stability and climate change. As such, improved geophysical methods are needed to identify and quantify in situ natural hydrates to better study their potential impacts. Current estimates of the distribution and volume of gas hydrates vary widely, by orders of magnitude, largely because of uncertainties in geophysical inversion results. The presence of hydrate affects the geophysical properties of the host sediment, creating anomalies that can be detected by seismic or electrical methods measurements. However, the precise relationships between measured geophysical properties and hydrate content (and distribution) are not fully understood, leading to uncertainties in hydrate estimates. Previous studies have shown that both the hydrate saturation (content) and its distribution (morphology or habit) affect the geophysical properties of the host sediment, and separating these effects presents a challenge to geophysical data interpretation. As this knowledge is generally required to interpret field data, this thesis instead seeks to gain this understanding from controlled laboratory experimental studies. I studied laboratory hydrate formation and dissociation in Berea sandstone and Leighton Buzzard sand to understand their effect on P- and S-wave velocities and attenuations, and on electrical resistivity. I used high resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography (SRXCT) to visualize the pore-scale evolution of hydrate morphology with saturation. These observations could be important for seismic data interpretation in terms of hydrate content and sediment strength, which are needed for natural resource and geohazard assessments (also for joint seismic and electromagnetic survey data interpretation). Hence, I was able to observe how hydrate distribution within the pores (morphology or habit) changes with hydrate formation and dissociation, and how these changes affect the P- and S-wave velocities and attenuations. I calculated hydrate saturation continuously from changes in pressure and temperature and independently from electrical resistivity during hydrate formation and dissociation. I applied a new rock physics model to relate P- and S-wave velocities and attenuations with changes in hydrate saturation and morphology. I found that not all the gas formed hydrate, even when the system was under hydrate stability conditions with excess water. The synchrotron CT results suggest that the dominant mechanism for co-existing gas is the formation of hydrate films on gas bubbles; these bubbles either rupture, releasing trapped gas, or remain trapped within an aggregate of hydrate grains. From a geophysical remote sensing perspective, such co-existing gas could cause errors in hydrate saturation estimates from electrical resistivity as both gas and hydrate are resistive compared to saline pore fluid. I saw that hydrate starts forming in the pore-floating morphology (where hydrate grains are surrounded by brine) and evolves into the pore-bridging morphology (where hydrate connects mineral grains). Eventually, hydrate from adjacent pores joins and forms a pore hydrate framework, interlocking with the sand grain framework and separated by thin water films. I was able to relate these changes in morphology to our elastic wave measurements using the HBES (Hydrate Bearing Effective Sediment) rock physics model. For low hydrate saturations, both P and S wave velocity follows the pore-floating model curve. As hydrate formation continues, the P-wave velocity follows the pore-bridging model curve, similar to other studies. In contrast, the S-wave velocity was lower than the pore-bridging model but higher than the pore-floating model curves. I think that the presence of water films between hydrate and the rock frame inhibited the ability of pore-bridging hydrate to increase the frame shear modulus. The higher S-wave velocity than the pore-floating model predictions is likely due to interlocking rock and pore-bridging hydrate frameworks. The magnitude of relative changes in attenuation is much higher than that of velocity due to changes in hydrate content and distribution. Elastic wave attenuation frequency spectra between 448 and 782 kHz show systematic and repeatable changes during hydrate formation and dissociation. In our experiments, the dominant mechanism of attenuation and velocity changes with an increase in hydrate saturation is (i) a decrease in methane gas bubble radius and (ii) an increase in secondary porosity with hydrate formation. The accurate measurement of both velocity and attenuation at multiple frequencies in the pulse-echo system allow us to constrain the dominant attenuation mechanisms using the HBES rock physics model. Overall, I conclude that hydrate-sediment systems are complex with interlocking solid hydrate aggregate and host grain frameworks separated by water films, with isolated pockets of gas within the hydrate. Such an interlocking pore hydrate framework and co-existing gas, if widespread in nature, should be considered in hydrate quantification from elastic wave velocities. For more reliable estimates of in situ hydrate, multiple geophysical parameter measurements are required (e.g., P and S wave velocities and attenuation, electrical resistivity, and at multiple frequencies), and hydrate estimates from seismic velocities alone could lead to significant errors at low hydrate saturations (< 40%).

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Boukongo, Sotaine Marie Aimé. "Etude des hydrates de gaz sur la marge active de Nankai (Japon) : analyse de données de sismique réflexion 3D et inversion des formes d'onde." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GLOB0002.

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L'analyse de données de sismique réflexion 3D sur la marge active de Nankai (Japon) a permisde mettre en évidence le BSR (bottom simulating reflector) et le double BSR. Le BSR est un contrastedimpédance acoustique à linterface séparant les sédiments riches en hydrates de gaz de forte vitesseau dessus et les sédiments riches en gaz libre en dessous. Le double BSR peut être considéré commeun BSR fossile ou résultant d'un mélange dans les sédiments des gaz de composition différente. LeBSR est par suite utilisé pour contraindre le régime thermique dans la boîte 3D (5km x 42. 5 km) de lamarge de Nankai. Le flux de chaleur calculé à partir des profondeurs du BSR donne des valeurscomprises entre 20-68 mW/m2. Des fortes amplitudes de BSR sont localisées dans les zones où le fluxde chaleur est relativement faible, et des faibles amplitudes du BSR sont par contre localisées dans leszones où le flux de chaleur est relativement important. La circulation des fluides chauds perturberaitl'amplitude du BSR. Par ailleurs, le BSR est absent au voisinage de la faille de Tokai dans la zone dubassin de pente, et est discontinu tantôt absent au niveau de la faille de Kodaiba dans la zone du bassindavant-arc. Dans la zone du bassin davant-arc où la distribution du BSR est plus importante, lesrésultats de linversion des formes d'onde ont permis de confirmer la présence des zones à fortevitesse (en rapport avec les hydrates de méthane) au dessus du BSR et des zones à faible vitesse (enrapport avec le gaz libre) en dessous du BSR. La présence du gaz libre sous jacent augmenteraitl'amplitude du BSR. La concentration des hydrates de méthane estimée est inférieure à 25 %. Levolume moyen des hydrates de gaz calculé est de 0. 85 km3. La concentration du gaz libre varie entre0. 7 et 8 %. Le volume moyen du gaz libre calculé est de 0. 06 km3. Au regard de la superficie de lazone étudiée, on conclut que ces concentrations/volumes sont énormes mais, ne peuvent constituer unréservoir économiquement exploitable, car les hydrates de gaz sont disséminés dans les sédiments
The analysis of 3D seismic reflection data on the Nankai (Japan) active margin showed evidenceof a BSR (bottom simulating reflector) and a double BSR. The BSR is an acoustic impedance contrastat the interface separating sediments rich in gas hydrate, having a high velocity above, and sedimentsrich in free gas, having a low velocity below. The double BSR can be considered as a fossil BSR orcan result from a mixture of gases of different compositions within the sediments. The BSR depth isused to constrain the thermal regime in the 3D box (5 km x 42. 5 km) of the Nankai margin. The heatflow calculated from BSR depths gives values between 20-68 mW/m2. Strong BSR amplitudes arelocalized in the zone where the heat flow is relatively low, and weak BSR amplitudes are localized inthe zone where the heat flow is relatively high. The circulation of warm fluids would perturb theamplitude of BSR. The BSR is absent around the Tokai fault in the slope basin zone, and issometimes discontinuous or absent around the Kodaiba fault in the forearc basin zone. In the forearcbasin where the distribution of the BSR is more important, full waveform inversion results allowed toconfirm the presence of a zone with high velocity above the BSR, which could be due to the presenceof gas hydrate in sediments. Just below the BSR, we find a low velocity zone, which could be due tothe presence of the free gas in sediments. Strong BSR amplitude could be correlated with the presenceof underlaying free gas. The estimated concentration of gas hydrate is lower than 25 %. The meanvolume of gas hydrate calculated is about 85 x 107 m3. The estimated concentration of free gas variesbetween 0. 7 and 8 %. The mean volume of free gas calculated is about 6 x 107 m3. In the study area,we conclude that these concentrations/volumes are enormous but, they cannot constitute aneconomically exploitable reservoir, because gas hydrates are disseminated in the sediments

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竹内, 道樹. "乳酸菌の不飽和脂肪酸代謝に関する生化学的研究とその応用." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199538.

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Takeuchi, Michiki. "Biochemical and applied studies on unsaturated fatty acid metabolisms in lactic acid bacteria." Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199370.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19046号
農博第2124号
新制||農||1032(附属図書館)
学位論文||H27||N4928(農学部図書室)
31997
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授小川順, 教授加納健司, 教授植田充美
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Hillier, Heidi Therese. "How is substrate selectivity in hydride transfer decided in an alcohol dehydrogenase? : Directed evolution of alcohol dehydrogenase A from Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 through iterative saturation mutagenesis, a study to understand the structure and function relationship of enzymatic catalysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Biokemi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331683.

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Behseresht, Javad. "Physical controls on hydrate saturation distribution in the subsurface." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/19558.

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Many Arctic gas hydrate reservoirs such as those of the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk River area on the Alaska North Slope (ANS) are believed originally to be natural gas accumulations converted to hydrate after being placed in the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) in response to ancient climate cooling. A mechanistic model is proposed to predict/explain hydrate saturation distribution in “converted free gas” hydrate reservoirs in sub-permafrost formations in the Arctic. This 1-D model assumes that a gas column accumulates and subsequently is converted to hydrate. The processes considered are the volume change during hydrate formation and consequent fluid phase transport within the column, the descent of the base of gas hydrate stability zone through the column, and sedimentological variations with depth. Crucially, the latter enable disconnection of the gas column during hydrate formation, which leads to substantial variation in hydrate saturation distribution. One form of variation observed in Arctic hydrate reservoirs is that zones of very low hydrate saturations are interspersed abruptly between zones of large hydrate saturations. The model was applied on data from Mount Elbert well, a gas hydrate stratigraphic test well drilled in the Milne Point area of the ANS. The model is consistent with observations from the well log and interpretations of seismic anomalies in the area. The model also predicts that a considerable amount of fluid (of order one pore volume of gaseous and/or aqueous phases) must migrate within or into the gas column during hydrate formation. This work offers the first explanatory model of its kind that addresses "converted free gas reservoirs" from a new angle: the effect of volume change during hydrate formation combined with capillary entry pressure variation versus depth. Mechanisms by which the fluid movement, associated with the hydrate formation, could have occurred are also analyzed. As the base of the GHSZ descends through the sediment, hydrate forms within the GHSZ. The net volume reduction associated with hydrate formation creates a “sink” which drives flow of gaseous and aqueous phases to the hydrate formation zone. Flow driven by saturation gradients plays a key role in creating reservoirs of large hydrate saturations, as observed in Mount Elbert. Viscous-dominated pressure-driven flow of gaseous and aqueous phases cannot explain large hydrate saturations originated from large-saturation gas accumulations. The mode of hydrate formation for a wide range of rate of hydrate formation, rate of descent of the BGHSZ and host sediments characteristics are analyzed and characterized based on dimensionless groups. The proposed transport model is also consistent with field data from hydrate-bearing sand units in Mount Elbert well. Results show that not only the petrophysical properties of the host sediment but also the rate of hydrate formation and the rate of temperature cooling at the surface contribute greatly to the final hydrate saturation profiles.
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Bhatnagar, Gaurav, Walter G. Chapman, George J. Hirasaki, Gerald R. Dickens, and Brandon Dugan. "RELATING GAS HYDRATE SATURATION TO DEPTH OF SULFATE-METHANE TRANSITION." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1179.

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Gas hydrate can precipitate in pore space of marine sediment when gas concentrations exceed solubility conditions within a gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Here we present analytical expressions that relate the top of the GHSZ and the amount of gas hydrate within the GHSZ to the depth of the sulfate-methane transition (SMT). The expressions are strictly valid for steady-state systems in which (1) all gas is methane, (2) all methane enters the GHSZ from the base, and (3) no methane escapes the top through seafloor venting. These constraints mean that anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is the only sink of gas, allowing a direct coupling of SMT depth to net methane flux. We also show that a basic gas hydrate saturation profile can be determined from the SMT depth via analytical expressions if site-specific parameters such as sedimentation rate, methane solubility and porosity are known. We evaluate our analytical model at gas hydrate bearing sites along the Cascadia margin where methane is mostly sourced from depth. The analytical expressions provide a fast and convenient method to calculate gas hydrate saturation for a given geologic setting.

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Goldberg, David, Gilles Guerin, Alberto Malinverno, and Ann Cook. "VELOCITY ANALYSIS OF LWD AND WIRELINE SONIC DATA IN HYDRATE-BEARING SEDIMENTS ON THE CASCADIA MARGIN." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1619.

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Downhole acoustic data were acquired in very low-velocity, hydrate-bearing formations at five sites drilled on the Cascadia Margin during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 311. P-wave velocity in marine sediments typically increases with depth as porosity decreases because of compaction. In general, Vp increases from ~1.6 at the seafloor to ~2.0 km/s ~300 m below seafloor at these sites. Gas hydrate-bearing intervals appear as high-velocity anomalies over this trend because solid hydrates stiffen the sediment. Logging-while-drilling (LWD) sonic technology, however, is challenged to recover accurate P-wave velocity in shallow sediments where velocities are low and approach the fluid velocity. Low formation Vp make the analysis of LWD sonic data difficult because of the strong effects of leaky-P wave modes, which typically have high amplitudes and are dispersive. We examine the frequency dispersion of borehole leaky-P modes and establish a minimum depth (approx 50-100 m) below the seafloor at each site where Vp can be accurately estimated using LWD data. Below this depth, Vp estimates from LWD sonic data compare well with wireline sonic logs and VSP interval velocities in nearby holes, but differ in detail due to local heterogeneity. We derive hydrate saturation using published models and the best estimate of Vp at these sites and compare results with independent resistivity-derived saturations.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hydrate Saturation"

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Hu, Gaowei, Yuguang Ye, Jian Zhang, and Shaobo Diao. "Relationship Between Acoustic Properties and Hydrate Saturation." In Natural Gas Hydrates, 89–125. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31101-7_3.

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Wani, Sahil, Rahul Samala, Ramesh Kannan Kandasami, and Abhijit Chaudhuri. "Numerical Study on the Effect of Hydrate Saturation on the Geo-Mechanical Behavior of Gas Hydrate Sediments." In Challenges and Innovations in Geomechanics, 158–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12851-6_20.

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Nie, Shuaishuai, Chen Chen, and Jian Song. "Numerical Simulation of Shear Failure Behavior of Hydrate-Bearing Sediment Using Discrete Element Method." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220304.

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Gas recovery from hydrate-bearing sediments attracts worldwide interest due to the huge reserves of methane there, recognized as a promising future energy resource. However, the mechanical behavior of hydrate-bearing sediment is rarely studied. In this study, the drained shear test on hydrate-bearing sand with different hydrate saturation was simulated using the discrete element method. In particular, the pore habits of hydrate in sands were considered in the simulation, and the meso-failure behavior such as the evolution of contact-force chains and the occurrence of microcracks were thoroughly investigated. In general, the simulations yielded the mechanical response (e.g., deviatoric stress-strain curve) of hydrate-bearing sand similar to the laboratory experiments, and the existence of hydrates plays a crucial role in the failure behavior. It is found that “X-type” shear bands are more likely to form in hydrate-bearing sand with higher hydrate saturation because enough bonds are broken to facilitate microcrack connection. Furthermore, tensile failure, tensile-shear failure, and compression-shear failure exist simultaneously during shearing, of which tensile failure and tensile-shear failure are dominant.

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Yu, Y., Y. P. Cheng, and K. Soga. "Mechanical Behaviour of Methane Hydrate Soil Sediments Using Discrete Element Method: Pore-filling Hydrate Distribution." In Discrete Element Modelling of Particulate Media, 264–70. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849733601-00264.

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Methane hydrate bearing soil is usually found under deep seabed and permafrost regions. It attracts research interest as a possible energy resource, but it also has potential impacts on climate change and geotechnical issues during methane gas production. Due to the limitations of laboratory studies, in this research, Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations were performed to provide unique insights into the mechanical behaviour of hydrate-bearing sediments with pore-filling hydrate distribution. A series of drained triaxial shearing tests were systematically conducted to study the effects of hydrate saturation on the hydrate-bearing samples. It is shown that the peak shear strength increased and dilation was enhanced as hydrate saturation increased, especially when the hydrate saturation was above 20%. However, the critical state shear strength reduced slightly when hydrate saturation increased from 20%, with the dilation being reduced to zero in the critical state. The hardening effect of hydrate at the peak strength and the softening behaviour of samples in the critical state also reflected the peak and critical state friction angles. The strength of samples was enhanced with increasing confining pressure. It is found that for pore-filling hydrate distribution, the hydrate contribution to the strength of the sediments is of a frictional nature.

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Santamarina, J. Carlos, and Carolyn Ruppel. "26. The Impact of Hydrate Saturation on the Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Properties of Hydrate-Bearing Sand, Silts, and Clay." In Geophysical Characterization of Gas Hydrates, 373–84. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802197.ch26.

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"Methane-hydrate Occurrence and Saturation Confirmed from Core Samples, Eastern Nankai Trough, Japan." In Natural Gas Hydrates—Energy Resource Potential and Associated Geologic Hazards, 385–400. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/13201153m893350.

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"Estimation of Gas-hydrate Saturation and Heterogeneity on Cascadia Margin from Ocean Drilling Project Leg 204 Logging-while-drilling Measurements." In Natural Gas Hydrates—Energy Resource Potential and Associated Geologic Hazards, 360–84. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/13201152m893349.

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Lee, M. W., and T. S. Collett. "Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Saturations Estimated from Velocity Logs on Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon, U.S.A." In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 199 Scientific Results. Ocean Drilling Program, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.204.103.2006.

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Ogawa, Jun, Michiki Takeuchi, and Shigenobu Kishino. "Hydratase, Dehydrogenase, Isomerase, and Enone Reductase Involved in Fatty Acid Saturation Metabolism." In Lipid Modification by Enzymes and Engineered Microbes, 119–37. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813167-1.00006-2.

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Collet, T. S., and J. Ladd. "Detection of gas hydrate with downhole logs and assessment of gas hydrate concentrations (saturations) and gas volumes on the Blake Ridge with electrical resistivity log data." In Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program. Ocean Drilling Program, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.164.219.2000.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hydrate Saturation"

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Chen, Mingqiang, Qingping Li, Xin Lyu, Qi Fan, Yang Ge, and Chaohui Lyu. "Pore-Scale Investigation on Dynamic Permeability Characterization of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-79775.

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Abstract Natural gas hydrates widely distributed in marine sediments and permafrost have attracted global attention as great potential energy resources. As an important parameter that critically affects the efficiency of gas hydrate production, reported permeability values are observed to be widely scattered due to multiple factors such as hydrate saturation, hydrate pore habit and so on, bringing a great challenge for accurate prediction. In this study, an unstructured hydrate-bearing network model with anisotropy is firstly constructed. Afterwards, a pore-scale flow network model considering hydrate pore shrinking habits is developed. Dynamic permeability evolution is then investigated under different hydrate saturations, pore connectivity, and pore throat size distribution conditions. Results show that the existence of hydrate changes the structure of the hydrate-bearing pore network, which reduces the pore and throat radius distribution as well as the distribution law. Since hydrate preferentially nucleates in large elements of the pore network, the deviation degree of the pore body radius is more significant than that of the throat radius. Dynamic permeability evolution with increased hydrate saturation shows a nonlinear decline trend due to the nonlinearity between pore structures and hydrate saturation variations. Owing to the two competing factors of pore structure variation and coordination number effects on pore-scale flow, dimensionless dynamic permeability under different pore connectivity shows a minor discrepancy. Pore throat size distribution possesses a significant impact on dynamic permeability evolution. Under the premise of fixed size distribution, number, and connectivity of the pore bodies, the smaller the initial throat radius, the more influence hydrate formation and dissociation on the network structure variation, resulting in smaller dimensionless permeability.

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Merey, Sukru, Tuna Eren, and Can Polat. "Numerical Analysis of the Behavior of Gas Hydrate Layers After Cementing Operations." In SPE Europec featured at 82nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205223-ms.

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Abstract Since the 2000s, the number of gas hydrate wells (i.e., exploration wells, production test wells) has increased. Moreover, in the marine environment, gas hydrate zones are drilled in conventional hydrocarbon wells. Different than conventional hydrocarbon wells, the heat released with cement hydration cannot be ignored because gas hydrates are heat sensitive. In this study, by analyzing different cement compositions (conventional cement compositions and novel low-heat of hydration cement), it is aimed to investigate the effect of the heat of cement hydration on gas hydrate zones near the wellbore. For this purpose, numerical simulations with TOUGH+HYDRATE simulator were conducted in the conditions of the Nankai Trough gas hydrates. According to the numerical simulations in this study, if the increase in temperature in the cemented layer is above 30°C, significant gas hydrate dissociation occurs, and free gas evolved in the porous media. This might cause gas channeling and poor cement bond. The heat released with cement hydration generally affects the interval between the cemented layer and 0.25 m away from the cemented layer. Within a few days after cementing, pressure, temperature, gas hydrate saturation, and gas saturation returned to almost their original values.

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Liu, Liguo, Jiafei Zhao, Chuanxiao Cheng, Yongchen Song, Weiguo Liu, Yu Liu, Yi Zhang, and Zhi Yang. "Experimental Study of Gas Production From Methane Hydrate by Depressurization and Combination Method Under Different Hydrate Saturations." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-84078.

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In this work, different saturated methane hydrates were formed by controlling the methane gas filling pressure on the three-dimensional experimental systems. The hydrates were dissociated using by depressurization and combination method, respectively. The results indicated that, as the saturation enhancing, the gas production was enlarged, however, the gas production rate became extremely volatile, and the decomposition cycle increased. Furthermore, compared with single depressurization, the combination method has the high gas production rate and efficiency, and the short decomposition cycle. So the combination method is worthy for further study of the gas hydrate exploitation.

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Bhangale, Amit Y., Tao Zhu, Bernard Peter McGrail, and Mark Daniel White. "A Model To Predict Gas Hydrate Equilibrium and Gas Hydrate Saturation in Porous Media Including Mixed CO2-CH4 Hydrates." In SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/99759-ms.

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Baruah, Promothes, Sampath Rao Vangala, and Murali K. "Petrophysical Evaluation of Gas Hydrates : Estimation of Hydrate Saturation, Krishna Godavari Basin, India." In SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/194660-ms.

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Liu, S., T. Han, G. Hu, and Q. Bu. "Accurate Estimation of Hydrate Saturation Based on Dielectric Responses of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments." In 83rd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202210052.

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Rabbani, Harris Sajjad, Muhammad Saad Khan, M. Fahed Aziz Qureshi, Mohammad Azizur Rahman, Thomas Seers, and Bhajan Lal. "Analytical Modelling of Gas Hydrates in Porous Media." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31645-ms.

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Abstract A mathematical model is presented to predict the formation of gas hydrates in porous media under various boundary conditions. The new mathematical modeling framework is based on coupling the analytical pore network approach (APNA) and equation proposed by De La Fuente et al. [1]. Further, we also integrate thermodynamic models to capture the phase boundary at which the formation of gas hydrates takes place. The proposed analytical framework is a set of equations that are computationally inexpensive to solve, allowing us to predict the formation of gas hydrates in complex porous media. Complete governing equations are provided, and the method is described in detail to permit readers to replicate all results. To demonstrate the formation of hydrates in porous media, we analyzed the saturation of hydrates in porous media with different properties. Our model shows that the hydrate formation rate is positively related to the porous media's pore size. The hydrates were found to be preferably formed in the porous media composed of relatively larger pores, which could be attributed to the weak capillary forces resisting the formation of hydrates in porous media. The novelty of the new analytical model is the ability to predict the gas hydrates formation in porous media in a reasonable time using standard engineering computers. Furthermore, the model can aid in the estimation of natural gas hydrate reservoirs, which offer the avenue for effective methane recovery from the vast natural gas hydrate reserves in continental margins.

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Bhowmick, D., D. K. Gupta, A. Malhotra, and U. Shankar. "A New Tool for Estimation of Gas Hydrate Saturation." In 76th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2014. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20140863.

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Kumar, Dhananjay, Mrinal K. Sen, and Nathan L. Bangs. "Estimation of gas‐hydrate saturation using multicomponent seismic data." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2005. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2147985.

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Pang, Weixin, Qingping Li, Xichong Yu, Fujie Sun, and Gang Li. "The Characteristic of Hydrate Exploitation by Depressurization." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-11223.

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According to the schematic and properties of a methane hydrate deposit in Shenhu Area of South China Sea in China, the characteristic of hydrate dissociation, water and gas production were simulated with a depressurization method. The effect of hydrate saturation, porosity and permeability et al. on hydrate dissociation was studied, the key controlling factor and difficulty of gas production from hydrate reservoir by depressurization was confirmed.

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Reports on the topic "Hydrate Saturation"

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Wright, J. F., A. E. Taylor, S. R. Dallimore, and F. M. Nixon. Estimating in situ gas hydrate saturation from core temperature observations, JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/210753.

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Murray, D. R., S. Noguchi, T. Fujii, K. Yamamoto, and S R Dallimore. Estimates of gas hydrate saturation from conventional and triaxial induction-resistivity measurements, Aurora/JOGMEC/NRCan Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate production research well. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/292089.

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Lu, H., D. Dutrisac, J. Ripmeester, F. Wright, and T. Uchida. Measurements of gas hydrate saturation in sediment cores recovered from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220739.

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Kleinberg, R. L., C. Flaum, and T. S. Collett. Magnetic resonance log of JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well: gas hydrate saturation, growth habit, and relative permeability. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220860.

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Takayama, T., M. Nishi, T. Uchida, K. Akihisa, F. Sawamura, and K. Ochiai. Gas hydrate saturation analysis using density and nuclear magnetic-resonance logs from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220861.

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Nakagawa, S., and T. J. Kneafsey. Application of the Split Hopkinson Resonant Bar Test for Seismic Property Characterization of Hydrate-bearing Sand Undergoing Water Saturation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1052176.

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Collett, T. S., and M. W. Lee. Electrical-resistivity well-log analysis of gas hydrate saturations in the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220858.

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