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Academic literature on the topic 'Hybrid Particle-Element Approach'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hybrid Particle-Element Approach"

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Fahrenthold, E. P., and J. C. Koo. "Hybrid Particle-Element Bond Graphs for Impact Dynamics Simulation." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 2 (August 10, 1995): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482456.

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Particle methods offer an efficient modeling approach to number of impact dynamics problems not well suited to conventional Eulerian finite difference or Lagrangian finite element methods. Unfortunately, the most popular of these particle methods (smooth particle hydrodynamics) exhibits important deficiencies, in part related to its treatment of boundaries and interparticle tension, and suffers from a rather ad hoc model formulation approach. A hybrid particle-element kinematic scheme and an energy-based, bond graph modeling approach have been combined to produce a new impact dynamics simulation method, free of many problems which have hindered the effective application of various particle and continuum methods. [S0022-0434(00)00602-X]
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Johnson, G. R., S. R. Beissel, and C. A. Gerlach. "Another approach to a hybrid particle-finite element algorithm for high-velocity impact." International Journal of Impact Engineering 38, no. 5 (May 2011): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2011.01.002.

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Zhang, Ri, Hyeong-Joo Kim, and Peter Rey Dinoy. "Particle Flow Simulation Based on Hybrid IMB-DEM-LBM Approach with New Solid Fraction Calculation Scheme." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 12, 2021): 3436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083436.

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A new coupling method, immersed moving boundary–discrete element method–lattice Boltzmann method (IMB-DEM-LBM), is proposed to simulate particle flow for application in soil mechanics or coastal engineering. In this study, LBM fluid is simulated on the regular Eulerian grid and Lagrangian particle motion is governed by DEM while IMB couples the two algorithms. The new method is promising and robust as it resolves numerical instability near the particle boundary caused by mesh distortion in the conventional grid method. In IMB, the interface lattice solid fraction determines the distribution function ratio of non-equilibrium bounce back and Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision. The non-equilibrium bounce back at moving boundary results in the fluid momentum change and contributes to the hydrodynamic force on particle. For numerical stability, this paper introduces the hydrodynamic force calculation concept from IB (immersed boundary method) to IMB, and at the same time, proposes a new solid fraction calculation method for sphere that divides the intersection into simple sector and triangle, as well as calculates the intersection area by vector. With this method, approximate inaccuracy is overcome while complicated integration is avoided.
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Hebal, Sara, Djamila Mechta, Saad Harous, and Mohammed Dhriyyef. "Hybrid Energy Routing Approach for Energy Internet." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 2579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092579.

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The Energy Internet (EI) has been proposed as an evolution of the power system in order to improve its efficiency in terms of energy generation, transmission and consumption. It aims to make the use of renewable energy effective. Herein, the energy router has been considered the crucial element that builds the net structure between the different EI components by connecting and controlling the bidirectional power and data flow. The increased use of renewable energy sources in EI has contributed to the creation of a new competitive energy trading market known as peer-to-peer energy trading, which enables each component to be part of the trading process. As a consequence, the concept of energy routing is increasingly relevant. In fact, there are three issues that need to be taken into account during the energy routing process: the subscriber matching, the energy-efficient path and the transmission scheduling. In this work, we first proposed a peer-to-peer energy trading scheme to ensure a controllable and reliable EI. Then, we introduced a new energy routing approach to address the three routing issues. A subscriber matching mechanism is designed to determine which producer/producers should be assigned for each consumer by optimizing the energy cost and transmission losses. This mechanism provides a solution for both mono and multi-source consumers. An improved ant colony optimization-based energy routing protocol was developed to determine a non-congestion minimum loss path. For the multi-source consumer case, an energy particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed to choose a set of producers and to decide the amount of energy that should be collected from each producer to satisfy the consumer request. Finally, the performance of the proposed protocol, in terms of power losses, cost and computation time was compared to the best existing algorithms in the literature. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
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Radvilaitė, Urtė. "THE APPLICATION OF SPHERICAL HARMONICS FOR DESCRIBING A CUBE-SHAPE PARTICLE / SFERINIŲ HARMONINIŲ FUNKCIJŲ TAIKYMAS KUBO FORMOS DALELEI APRAŠYTI." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 6, no. 6 (March 5, 2015): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2014.776.

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The paper disccusses various models for discrete element methods of modelling particle shapes. The multi-sphere method is most frequently used, though a polyhedral approach and a hybrid sphero-polyhedral model can also be introduced. All above mentioned methods precisely approximate particle shapes, and difficulties in modelling contact between particles arise. Thus, there is a need to have an universal method that gives the analytical expression of the shape. For this purpose, spherical harmonics have been introduced. The article presents the concept of the spherical harmonics model and experimental results describing the cube-shape particle. Šiame straipsnyje aptariami įvairūs diskrečiųjų elementų metodo modeliai, taikomi dalelių formoms modeliuoti. Dažniausiai taikomas kelių sferų modelis, bet yra pristatyti ir daugiasienis modelis bei mišrus sferos daugiasienis modelis. Nors aptariami metodai neblogai apkroksimuoja dalelių formą, atsiranda sunkumų skaičiuojant dalelių kontaktą. Todėl reikalingas universalus metodas, leidžiantis gauti analitinę dalelės formos išraišką. Būtent tokiam tikslui naudojamos sferinės harmoninės funkcijos. Straipsnyje pristatomas sferinių funkcijų modelis bei pateikiami eksperimento rezultatai kubo formos dalelei aprašyti.
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Bohdal, Łukasz, Agnieszka Kułakowska, Radoslaw Patyk, and Marcin Kulakowski. "Numerical Investigations of the Effect of Process Parameters on Residual Stresses, Strains and Quality of Final Product in Blanking Using SPH Method." Materials Science Forum 862 (August 2016): 238–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.862.238.

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The shearing process such as the blanking of sheet metals has been used often to prepare workpieces for subsequent forming operations. This process consists in separating a blank from a sheet by means of a high-localized shear deformation due to the action of a punch. Blanking modelling is becoming an increasingly important tool in gaining understanding and improving this process. At the moment a fundamental problem in numerical modelling of blanking processes is an excessive element distortion in a finite-element simulation. In this study, we present a hybrid modelling approach, SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) coupled FEM method to simulate the blanking process. This new approach involves several advantages compared to the traditional finite element method for example: neglect mesh tangling and distortion problems, does not need to use material separation criterion. The physical, mathematical and computer model of the process is elaborated. The application in ANSYS/LS-DYNA program is developed. The examination and analysis of influence of process technological parameters for example: the clearance, tool geometry, blanking velocity on residual stresses, strains and quality of final product using the SPH method is analyzed. The results of computer simulations can be used to forecasting quality of the parts optimization.
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Patnaik, Amar, Ritesh Kaundal, Alok Satapathy, Sandhyarani Biswas, and Pradeep Kumar. "Solid Particle Erosion of Particulate Filled Short Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Resin Composites." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.213.

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Fiber reinforced composite materials have been used in main parts of structures; an accurate evaluation of their erosion behavior becomes very important. In this study, short glass fibre reinforced polyester based isotropic polymer composites are fabricated with five different fibre weight-fractions. The effect of various operational variables, material parameters and their interactive influences on erosive wear behavior of these composites has been studied systematically. After systematic analysis of solid particle erosion for all the five composites, 30wt% short glass fiber reinforced polyester based composite shows better erosion resistance. In order to improve the erosion resistance further ceramic silicon carbide particle is reinforced with the 30wt% glass-polyester based hybrid composites. A finite element (FE) model (LS-DYNA) of erosive wear is established for damage assessment and validated by a well designed set of experiments. For this, the design of experiments approach using Taguchi’s orthogonal arrays design is used. It is recognized that there is a good agreement between the computational and experimental results, and that the proposed simulation method is very useful for the evaluation of damage mechanisms.
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Saha, Abir, Santosh Kumar, Divya Zindani, and Sumit Bhowmik. "Micro-mechanical analysis of the pineapple-reinforced polymeric composite by the inclusion of pineapple leaf particulates." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 235, no. 5 (February 1, 2021): 1112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420721990851.

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The present study is focused on investigating the effect of the micro-mechanical properties of the natural fiber- (pineapple leaf fiber) reinforced polymeric composites by the addition of pineapple leaf micro-particulates. For the investigation, a two-step approach has been used. In the first step, finite element method-based analysis has been used to characterize the tensile and shear properties of the pineapple leaf fiber-reinforced polymeric composites (FRP) and pineapple paticulate-reinforced polymeric composites (PRC), and the adopted finite element method-based analysis has been validated through the experimental approach. In the second step, the validated finite element method-based analysis has been used to characterize the micro-mechanical properties of the hybrid fiber-reinforced polymeric composites (HFRP) fabricated using the pineapple leaf micro-particle embedded epoxy as a matrix material and the pineapple leaf fiber has been used as reinforcing material. It has been observed through the analysis that the micro-mechanical properties of HFRP were superior to that of FRP. There has been a 10.16% increment in Young’s modulus in the longitudinal direction and a 26.36% increment in Young’s modulus in the transverse direction for HFRP over FRP. Further, a 9.91% increment for in-plane shear modulus and 26.17% increment in outer-plane shear modulus have been observed for HFRP in comparison to FRP. These results suggest that pineapple leaf particulates are good reinforcing materials to enhance the transverse direction and outer plane micro-mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced composite.
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Kulkarni, S. G., Achchhe Lal, and J. V. Menghani. "Effect of reinforcement type and porosity on strength of metal matrix composite." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 05, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684116500068.

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In the present work, experimental investigation and the numerical analysis are carried out for strength analysis of A356 alloy matrix composites reinforced with alumina, fly ash and hybrid particle composites. The combined strengthening effect of load bearing, Hall–Petch, Orowan, coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch and elastic modulus mismatch is studied for predicting accurate uniaxial stress–strain behavior of A356 based alloy matrix composite. The unit cell micromechanical approach and nine noded isoparametric finite element analysis (FEA) is used to investigate the yield failure load by considering material defect of porosity as fabrication errors in particulate composite. The Ramberg–Osgood approach is considered for the linear and nonlinear relationship between stress and strain of A356 based metal matrix composites containing different amounts of fly ash and alumina reinforcing particles. A numerical analysis of material porosity on the stress strain behavior of the composite is performed. The literature and experimental results exhibit the validity of this model and confirm the importance of the fly ash as the cheapest and low density reinforcement obtained as a waste by product in thermal power plants.
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Shankar, K., and N. Jinesh. "Damage identification using combined acceleration and voltage matching with one-dimensional PZT patch model." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 14, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 40–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-05-2017-0030.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective and simple technique for structural parameter identification, particularly to identify multiple cracks in a structure using simultaneous measurement of acceleration responses and voltage signals from PZT patches which is a multidisciplinary approach. A hybrid element constituted of one-dimensional beam element and a PZT sensor is used with reduced material properties which is very convenient for beams and is a novel application for inverse problems. Design/methodology/approach Multi-objective formulation is used whereby structural parameters are identified by minimizing the deviation between the predicted and measured values from the PZT patch and acceleration responses, when subjected to excitation. In the proposed method, a patch is attached to either end of the fixed beam. Using particle swarm optimization algorithm, normalized fitness functions are defined for both voltage and acceleration components with weighted aggregation multi-objective optimization technique. The signals are polluted with 5 percent Gaussian noise to simulate experimental noise. The effects of various weighting factors for the combined objective function are studied. The scheme is also experimentally validated by identification of cracks in a fixed-fixed beam. Findings The numerical and experimental results shows that significant improvement in accuracy of damage detection is achieved by the combined multidisciplinary method, when compared with only voltage or only acceleration-matching method as well as with other methods. Originality/value The proposed multidisciplinary crack identification approach, which is based on one-dimensional PZT patch model as well as conventional acceleration method, is not reported in the literature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hybrid Particle-Element Approach"

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Lavis, Benjamin Mark Mechanical &amp Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Spatially reconfigurable and non-parametric representation of dynamic bayesian beliefs." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41468.

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This thesis presents a means for representing and computing beliefs in the form of arbitrary probability density functions with a guarantee for the ongoing validity of such beliefs over indefinte time frames. The foremost aspect of this proposal is the introduction of a general, theoretical, solution to the guaranteed state estimation problem from within the recursive Bayesian estimation framework. The solution presented here determines the minimum space required, at each stage of the estimation process, to represent the belief with limited, or no, loss of information. Beyond this purely theoretical aspect, a number of numerical techniques, capable of determining the required space and performing the appropriate spatial reconfiguration, whilst also computing and representing the belief functions, are developed. This includes a new, hybrid particle-element approach to recursive Bayesian estimation. The advantage of spatial reconfiguration as presented here is that it ensures that the belief functions consider all plausible states of the target system, without altering the recursive Bayesian estimation equations used to form those beliefs. Furthermore, spatial reconfiguration as proposed in this dissertation enhances the estimation process since it allows computational resources to be concentrated on only those states considered plausible. Autonomous maritime search and rescue is used as a focus application throughout this dissertation since the searching-and-tracking requirements of the problem involve uncertainty, the use of arbitrary belief functions and dynamic target systems. Nevertheless, the theoretical development in this dissertation has been kept general and independent of an application, and as such the theory and techniques presented here may be applied to any problem involving dynamic Bayesian beliefs. A number of numerical experiments and simulations show the efficacy of the proposed spatially reconfigurable representations, not only in ensuring the validity of the belief functions over indefinite time frames, but also in reducing computation time and improving the accuracy of function approximation. Improvements of an order of magnitude were achieved when compared with traditional, spatially static representations.
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Book chapters on the topic "Hybrid Particle-Element Approach"

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Hojny, Marcin. "Spatial Solutions Based on the Smoothed Particle Method and the Finite Element Method—A Hybrid Approach." In Modeling Steel Deformation in the Semi-Solid State, 55–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67976-1_5.

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Yoshioka, Keita, Mathias Nest, Daniel Pötschke, Amir Shoarian Sattari, Patrick Schmidt, and David Krach. "Numerical Platform." In GeomInt–Mechanical Integrity of Host Rocks, 63–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61909-1_3.

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AbstractAn essential scientific goal of the GeomInt project is the analysis of potentials and limitations of different numerical approaches for the modelling of discontinuities in the rocks under consideration in order to improve the understanding of methods and their synergies with regard to theoretical and numerical fundamentals. As numerical methods, the “Lattice Element Method” (LEM), the non-continuous discontinuum methods “Discrete Element Method” (DEM), the “Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics” (SPH), the “Forces on Fracture Surfaces” (FFS) as well as the continuum approaches “Phase-Field Method” (PFM), “Lower-Interface-Method” (LIE), “Non-Local Deformation” (NLD) and the “Hybrid-Dimensional Finite-Element-Method” (HDF) will be systematically investigated and appropriately extended based on experimental results (Fig. 3.1).
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Conference papers on the topic "Hybrid Particle-Element Approach"

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Lavis, Benjamin, and Tomonari Furukawa. "HyPE: Hybrid Particle-Element Approach for Recursive Bayesian Searching and Tracking." In Robotics: Science and Systems 2008. Robotics: Science and Systems Foundation, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15607/rss.2008.iv.018.

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Morris, A. B. "A hybrid DSMC and discrete element modeling approach for particle flows that span dilute to dense regimes." In 31ST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAREFIED GAS DYNAMICS: RGD31. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5119558.

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Abubakar, Abba A., Abul Fazal M. Arif, Khaled S. Al-Athel, and S. Sohail Akhtar. "Prediction of Residual Stress and Damage in Thermal Spray Coatings Using Hybrid Computational Approach." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86504.

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Due to the multilayered pattern of coating deposition, numerical prediction of residual stress and damage in thermal spray coatings (TSCs) has been challenging. Several numerical approaches previously used failed to capture essential aspects such as deposition stress build-up, presence of heterogeneities, and influence of process parameters. In the present study, a hybrid computational approach which combines “point cloud” (PC) and finite elements (FE) has been used to model the spray process as well as the evolution of residual stress and damage. Smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is used to model multiple droplets deposition and associated deformation on PC. Then, several recent algorithms (for point cloud processing) are used to convert the deformed droplets (in form of PC) into FE domains (i.e. splats). The FE mesh of deposited splats is used for thermo-mechanical finite element analysis where the evolution of temperature, residual stress and damage is predicted on simulated coating microstructure. By comparing our numerical results with that of previous works, the hybrid approach has been found to be a viable tool for quantitative assessment of residual stresses and failure in TSCs.
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Wang, Xiuling, and Darrell W. Pepper. "A Hybrid Numerical Model for Simulating Atmospheric Dispersion." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80095.

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A hybrid numerical model for simulating atmospheric contaminant dispersion is developed. The hybrid numerical scheme employs an hp-adaptive finite element method coupled with a Lagrangian particle transport technique to solve the governing equations for atmospheric flow and species transport. A random walk/stochastic approach is used to generate Lagrangian particles that define the contaminant dispersion traces. A coarse mesh using low order shape functions is initially generated. Both the mesh and shape function order are subsequently refined and enriched in those regions where high computational error exist. Compared with fine mesh and high order numerical solutions, the hybrid scheme produces highly accurate solutions with reduced computational cost. A general probability distribution is used in the particle transport module for the random component of motion due to turbulent diffusion. Results depicting contaminant transport and dispersion in the atmosphere are presented. The computational efficiency of the hybrid numerical model is also discussed.
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Sun, Jin, Francine Battaglia, and S. Subramaniam. "Hybrid Two-Fluid DEM Simulation of Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14831.

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Simulations of gas-solid fluidized beds have been carried out using a hybrid simulation method, which couples the discrete element method (DEM) for particle dynamics with the ensemble-averaged two-fluid (TF) equations for the fluid phase. The coupling between the two phases is modeled using an interphase momentum transfer term. The results of the hybrid TF-DEM simulations are compared to experimental data and two-fluid model simulations. It is found that the TF-DEM simulation is capable of predicting general fluidized bed dynamics, i.e., pressure drop across the bed and bed expansion, which are in agreement with experimental measurements and two-fluid model predictions. In addition, the TF-DEM model demonstrates the capability to capture more heterogeneous structural information of the fluidized beds than the two-fluid model alone. The microstructures in fluidized beds are analyzed and the implications to kinetic theory for granular flows are discussed. However, the TF-DEM simulations depend on the form of the interphase momentum transfer model, which can be computed in terms of averaged or instantaneous particle quantities. Various forms of the interphase momentum transfer model are examined, and their suitability to the hybrid TF-DEM simulation approach is evaluated.
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Cristea, Eugen-Dan, and Pierangelo Conti. "Hybrid Eulerian Multiphase-Dense Discrete Phase Model Approach for Numerical Simulation of Dense Particle-Laden Turbulent Flows Within Vertical Multi-Stage Cyclone Heat Exchanger." In ASME 2018 5th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2018-83058.

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This article describes a CFD engineering application developed to investigate numerically the multiphase, non-isothermal, turbulent flow physics within the suspension preheater of a dry-process rotary cement kiln. The multi–stage cyclone preheater is a counter-current heat exchanger. We used the CFD flow solver ANSYS-Fluent R18.1. to accomplish this task. The hybrid Eulerian multiphase-dense discrete phase model is a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian technique. The primary carrier-phase is treated as a continuum by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, while the secondary discrete dispersed-phase is solved by tracking the particle parcels through the calculated flow field. The multiphase turbulence of the carrier-phase is modeled using the Reynolds stress transport model. The dispersed-phase interactions are modeled through the specific collisions models provided by the kinetic theory of granular flow and/or discrete element method. The Eulerian multiphase-DDPM method provided a quiet stable solution for a medium/high mass loading (solid to gas mass ratio 0.89:1). The four-stage cyclone suspension preheater is analyzed for its operating performance i.e. overall pressure drop and global collection efficiency of cyclone stages, calcination degree at bottom cyclone stage, flue gas temperature at 1st. cyclone stage and availability to get more insight of very complex multi-phase flow patterns within this equipment. The set of industrial measurements, collected during a heat and mass balance of a dry process rotary cement kiln, were used to verify and to validate part of the simulation results.
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Gangadharan, Manoj Kumar, and Sriram Venkatachalam. "A Hybrid Numerical Model to Address Fluid Elastic Structure Interaction." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54161.

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Hydroelasticity is an important problem in the field of ocean engineering. It can be noted from most of the works published as well as theories proposed earlier that this particular problem was addressed based on the time independent/ frequency domain approach. In this paper, we propose a novel numerical method to address the fluid-structure interaction problem in time domain simulations. The hybrid numerical model proposed earlier for hydro-elasticity (Sriram and Ma, 2012) as well as for breaking waves (Sriram et al 2014) has been extended to study the problem of breaking wave-elastic structure interaction. The method involves strong coupling of Fully Nonlinear Potential Flow Theory (FNPT) and Navier Stokes (NS) equation using a moving overlapping zone in space and Runge kutta 2nd order with a predictor corrector scheme in time. The fluid structure interaction is achieved by a near strongly coupled partitioned procedure. The simulation was performed using Finite Element method (FEM) in the FNPT domain, Particle based method (Improved Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin based on Rankine source, IMPLG_R) in the NS domain and FEM for the structural dynamics part. The advantage of using this approach is due to high computational efficiency. The method has been applied to study the interaction between breaking waves and elastic wall.
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Becker, Marvin, Marina Seidl, Miriam Mehl, and Mhamed Souli. "Automatic Mesh-Generation (FEM/SPH) for HVI-Simulations of Arbitrary Rotational Symmetric Impactors." In 2019 15th Hypervelocity Impact Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/hvis2019-080.

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Abstract For the numerical description of high velocity impact, Smooth-Particle-Hydrodynamics (SPH) has gained more and more interest. The standard Lagrangian Finite-Element (FE) approach has difficulties in describing large deformations and fracture. However, a simulation based on SPH only is very expensive due to the small size of the particles. A well adopted solution to this is to couple both methods, using SPH only where it is necessary, and capturing the outer boundary conditions with a bias FE-mesh correctly - without considerable extra computational cost. We apply such a hybrid approach in LS-DYNA® for the characterization of threats in terminal ballistics. Different meshing approaches for the projectile and target were implemented to guarantee an optimal initial condition. The particle size and the required size of the SPH-region were studied to exclude discretization effects. Exemplarily, a projectile surrogate with simplified geometry is investigated for a fixed impact velocity and two different angles of obliquity. A qualitative comparison between experiments, observed with X-ray cinematography, reveals a good potential of this approach towards predicting fracture and ricochet during high velocity impact events.
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Fernandes, Dolfred Vijay, Sangmo Kang, and Yong Kweon Suh. "Numerical Study on Electrokinetic Interaction Between a Pair of Cylindrical Colloidal Particles." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10582.

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Electrophoresis is the motion of dispersed particles relative to a fluid under the influence of an electric field. Presently this phenomenon of electrokinetics is widely used in biotechnology for the separation of proteins, sequencing of polypeptide chains etc. The separation efficiency of these biomolecules is affected by their aggregation. Thus it is important to study the interaction forces between the molecules. In this study we calculate the electrophoretic motion of a pair of colloidal particles under axial electric field. The hydrodynamic and electric double layer (EDL) interaction forces are calculated numerically. The EDL interaction force is calculated from electric field distribution around the particle using Maxwell stress tensor and the hydrodynamic force is calculated from the flow field obtained from the solution of Stokes equations. The continuous forcing approach of immersed boundary method is used to obtain flow field around the moving particles. The EDL distribution around the particles is obtained by solving Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations on a hybrid grid system. The EDL interaction force calculated from numerical solution is compared with the one obtained from surface element integration (SEI) method.
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