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Journal articles on the topic 'Hybrid magnetic bearing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

OKADA, Yohji, Hidetoshi MIYAZAWA, Ryou KONDO, and Masato ENOKIZONO. "2A21 Flux Concentrated Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2010 (2010): _2A21–1_—_2A21–12_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2010._2a21-1_.

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2

Kurita, Nobuyuki, Keisuke Ohshio, and Takeo Ishikawa. "4A12 Design of permanent magnet hybrid magnetic bearing with minimum salient poles." Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2010 (2010): _4A12–1_—_4A12–10_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2010._4a12-1_.

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3

Hirani, H., and P. Samanta. "Hybrid (hydrodynamic + permanent magnetic) journal bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 221, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet282.

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Survey of patents on bearings indicates the maturity of hydrodynamic and rapid development of magnetic bearings. Active magnetic bearings are costlier compared with permanent magnetic bearings. To understand the performance characteristics of permanent magnetic bearings, an experimental setup has been developed. Experimental studies on radial permanent magnetic bearings demonstrated the drawbacks, such as high axial thrust and low load capacity. This has led the authors to hybridize the permanent magnet with hydrodynamic technology and to explore the possibility of achieving the low starting torque of a permanent magnetic bearing and the medium to high load carrying capacity of a hydrodynamic bearing in a single bearing arrangement. Simulation is carried out in order to reduce axial force-effect and enhance the radial force supported by the permanent magnetic bearing. Results of simulation on permanent magnetic bearing have been compared with that of published research papers. Finally an algorithm has been developed to investigate the coupling of forces generated by permanent magnets and hydrodynamic actions. Results of load sharing have been reported. The experimentally measured displacements of the shaft running at 500, 2000, and 3000 r/min have been plotted. The effect of hydrodynamics on shaft orbit has been illustrated.

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4

Heshmat, H., H. Ming Chen, and J. F. Walton,. "On the Performance of Hybrid Foil-Magnetic Bearings." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 122, no. 1 (October 20, 1999): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.483178.

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Recent technological advancements make hybridization of the magnetic and foil bearings both possible and extremely attractive. Operation of the foil/magnetic bearing takes advantage of the strengths of each individual bearing while minimizing each other’s weaknesses. In this paper one possible hybrid foil and magnetic bearing arrangement is investigated and sample design and operating parameters are presented. One of the weaknesses of the foil bearings, like any hydrodynamic bearing, is that contact between the foil bearing and the shaft occurs at rest or at very low speeds and it has low load carrying capacity at low speeds. For high speed applications, AMBs are, however, vulnerable to rotor-bending or structural resonances that can easily saturate power amplifiers and make the control system unstable. Since the foil bearing is advantageous for high speed operation with a higher load carrying capacity, and the magnetic bearing is so in low speed range, it is a natural evolution to combine them into a hybrid bearing system thus utilizing the advantages of both. To take full advantage of the foil and magnetic elements comprising a hybrid bearing, it is imperative that the static and dynamic characteristics of each bearing be understood. This paper describes the development of a new analysis technique that was used to evaluate the performance of a class of gas-lubricated journal bearings. Unlike conventional approaches, the solution of the governing hydrodynamic equations dealing with compressible fluid is coupled with the structural resiliency of the bearing surfaces. The distribution of the fluid film thickness and pressures, as well as the shear stresses in a finite-width journal bearing, are computed. Using the Finite Element (FE) method, the membrane effect of an elastic top foil was evaluated and included in the overall analytical procedure. Influence coefficients were generated to address the elasticity effects of combined top foil and elastic foundation on the hydrodynamics of journal bearings, and were used to expedite the numerical solution. The overall program logic proved to be an efficient technique to deal with the complex structural compliance of various foil bearings. Parametric analysis was conducted to establish tabulated data for use in a hybrid foil/magnetic bearing design analysis. A load sharing control algorithm between the foil and magnetic elements is also discussed. [S0742-4795(00)01201-1]

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5

Liu, Qing, Shiping Zhang, Yuanyuan Li, Gang Lei, and Li Wang. "Hybrid gas-magnetic bearings: An overview." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 66, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-201579.

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This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey on the development of the hybrid gas-magnetic bearing (HGMB) technology. HGMBs are proposed to complement the advantages of gas bearings and magnetic bearings for enhanced bearing performance. Nevertheless, there are a number of inherent challenges in their designs, analyses, and performance characteristics that must be taken into account for proper functionality and reliable operation. For this purpose, substantial results in theory, numerical simulations, and experiments concerning rotor dynamics, mechanical structures, control systems, and operation modes are discussed to help further investigation and implementation of HGMBs. In addition, future developments of HGMBs in industries and remaining challenges are discussed.

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6

Chen, Jun Hui, Feng Yu Yang, Chao Rui Nie, Jun Yang, and Peng Yan Wan. "Magnetic Force Characteristics and Structure of a Novel Radial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 150 (January 2012): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.150.69.

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There are some problems in the permanent magnetic circuit of the current permanent magnet biased magnetic bearings, such as small magnetic force, low magnetic flux density and lack of self-stabilization. To solve this problem, a new hybrid radial magnetic bearing structure has been proposed. The nonlinear model and linearization equation of the new hybrid radial magnetic bearing capacity has been established by current molecular method and virtual displacement theorem. It is found that the permanent magnetic bearing can achieve self-stabilization in the radial degrees of freedom and can reduce the total displacement of negative stiffness. The results show that the air gap flux density is greatly improved by the new hybrid magnetic bearing with Halbach array structure. Current stiffness and displacement rigidity is closely related to initial current and initial gap of the equilibrium position. Near the equilibrium position, current stiffness and displacement rigidity are linear relationship. With the increase of air gap, it remains a good linearity. While with the decrease of air gap, it presents nonlinear characteristics..

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7

Cao, Yang, Ming Zong, and Jing Zhang. "Electromagnetic Force Modelling for Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7428.

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In this paper, a novel structure of hybrid magnetic bearing with PM bias and inductance displacement sensor is proposed. The operating principle of the hybrid magnetic bearing with PM bias is introduced. The Electromagnetic Force Model is built in the paper, which is useful for the hybrid magnetic bearing control. An example is given. The analysis of finite element method shows that the structure of the hybrid magnetic bearing with PM bias proposed in the paper is feasible and the calculation method for hybrid magnetic circuit is correct.

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8

Park, Jung-Ho, Hu-Seung Lee, Young-Bog Ham, and So-Nam Yun. "A Study on Semi-Active Magnetic Bearing Position-Controlled by Piezoelectric Actuators." International Journal of Automation Technology 5, no. 4 (July 5, 2011): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2011.p0594.

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This paper investigates non-contact hybrid bearings that use permanent magnets for repulsive force and piezoelectric actuators for position-control. A structurally-improved hybrid bearing is presented. First, the concept of the hybrid bearing is briefly introduced along with previous test results. Then, the newly devised bearing with a decreased gap between rotor and stator is designed and analyzed with FEM to optimize the magnetic forces. Finally, a prototype bearing using the proposed mechanism is fabricated and a control method is discussed.

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9

Xiao, Lin Jing, and Hong Chang Ding. "Study on Stiffness and Damping Characteristic of Hybrid Magnetic Bearing for High-Speed Electrical Machine." Advanced Materials Research 338 (September 2011): 534–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.338.534.

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This paper focuses on the stiffness and damping characteristic of hybrid magnetic bearing for high-speed electrical machine. Firstly, it analyzes the structure and working principle of hybrid magnetic bearing, according to the bearing’s magnetic circuit properties, it deduces the equation of the bearing’s magnetic force with displacement and current. Then, combining with the controller parameters it deduces the stiffness and damping equation of magnetic bearing. At last it simulates the stiffness and damping characteristic curve, and the obtained simulation results can give theoretical support for rotor dynamic analysis and modal analysis.

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10

Swanson, E. E., H. Heshmat, and J. Walton ,. "Performance of a Foil-Magnetic Hybrid Bearing." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 124, no. 2 (March 26, 2002): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1417485.

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To meet the advanced bearing needs of modern turbomachinery, a hybrid foil-magnetic hybrid bearing system was designed, fabricated, and tested in a test rig designed to simulate the rotor dynamics of a small gas turbine engine (31 kN to 53 kN thrust class). This oil-free bearing system combines the excellent low and zero-speed capabilities of the magnetic bearing with the high-load capacity and high-speed performance of the compliant foil bearing. An experimental program is described which documents the capabilities of the bearing system for sharing load during operation at up to 30,000 rpm and the foil bearing component’s ability to function as a backup in case of magnetic bearing failure. At an operating speed of 22,000 rpm, loads exceeding 5300 N were carried by the system. This load sharing could be manipulated by an especially designed electronic control algorithm. In all tests, rotor excursions were small and stable. During deliberately staged magnetic bearing malfunctions, the foil bearing proved capable of supporting the rotor during continued operation at full load and speed, as well as allowing a safe rotor coastdown. The hybrid system tripled the load capacity of the magnetic bearing alone and can offer a significant reduction in total bearing weight compared to a comparable magnetic bearing.

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11

Vavilov, V. E. "Mathematical model of the hybrid system of magnetic levitation energy production equipment autonomous power 97 supply systems." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162397-108.

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Introduction. Typically, when developing mathematical models magnetocavitation systems (magnetic bearings, electrostatic bearings, hybrid magnetic bearings (GMP, etc.) is considered just the very bearing as a separate, isolated Electromechanical system. This approach allows us to accurately explore the process magnetocavitation systems, but practically does not allow to evaluate the processes occurring in the system of magnetic bearing-object position. To solve this problem, the author proposes a different approach to the analysis of the processes in magnetocavitation systems in General and GPC in particular considering the magnetic bearing-object position, as a single complex. Goal. The work aimed the creation of a generalized analytical model of high-speed, AMPE with coercivity permanent magnet (VPM) on an elastic bearing supports, taking into account the mutual influence of processes in AMPA and bearing supports. This task is new and relevant and is essential to modern engineering. To solve this problem this paper developed a generalized mathematical model of the rotor system on a hybrid magnetic suspension. Evaluate the impact of hybrid magnetic bearings on the overall behavior of the rotor system. Performed analysis of processes in Electromechanical energy converters and mechanical processes occurring in the rotary system. Method and methodology. The research methodology is based on the joint solution of Maxwell equations and equations describing the mechanical processes of a rotor system with five degrees of freedom. Conclusion. The generalized mathematical model of high-speed, AMPE with VPM on a non-contact bearing supports and conducted her research. Based on research of the developed mathematical model, the authors developed an original control algorithm for the rotor position in a hybrid magnetic bearings, which allows for the design of high-speed, AMPE with VPM to abandon the position sensors of the rotor. In addition, on the basis of the results of calculations, a method was developed for diagnostics of eccentricity of rotor are high-speed, AMPE with VPM, as well as new methods of calculation of high-speed, AMPE with VPM, past experimental verification.

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12

Zeng, Run Zhang, and Huang Qiu Zhu. "Parameter Design and Analysis on Axial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing Using in Magnetic Suspension Flywheel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.125.

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Magnetic suspension flywheel system is the actuator of spacecraft in high accurate position control, which requires the employed magnetic bearing possessing advantages of compact structure, small volume, light weight, low power loss, high efficiency and so on. A novel axial hybrid magnetic bearing in magnetic suspension flywheel is proposed, and the bias magnetic flux is provided with a permanent magnet ring. The cost and total volume of this structure can be reduced, which is especially suitable for magnetic suspension flywheel system. The structure and working principle of the axial magnetic bearing are explained, the mathematical expressions of the maximum bearing capacity are obtained, the detailed process of parameter design is presented, and the flux and maximum bearing capacity of the hybrid magnetic bearing are analyzed by using finite element analysis software. The analysis results validate the correctness of parameter design on the axial hybrid magnetic bearing.

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13

SHINOHARA, Keisuke, Tetsuo OHISHI, Satoshi UENO, Hideki KANEBAKO, and Yohji OKADA. "Development of Hybrid Active Magnetic Bearing Type Combined Motor-Bearing." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 66, no. 642 (2000): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.66.503.

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14

Dhar, D., and L. E. Barrett. "Design of Magnetic Bearings for Rotor Systems With Harmonic Excitations." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 115, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930357.

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This paper presents a method for calculating the control forces and the bearing stiffness and damping coefficients to control the response of multi-mass flexible rotor systems mounted on magnetic bearings and subjected to unbalance or harmonic excitation forces. The capability for inclusion of hydrodynamic bearings is retained to model seal effects or to permit the design of magnetic bearings for hybrid systems. Control forces at the magnetic bearing locations are evaluated based on the desired shaft response specified by the modal coordinates. These forces are determined such that the error between the desired response and the achieved response is minimized in a least-square sense. Equivalent bearing coefficients are calculated from the control forces and the achieved response which when superimposed on the nominal bearing coefficients yield the resultant magnetic bearing coefficients required for control. An example case is presented where control of rotor response has been attempted at the first and the second unbalance critical speeds. The results demonstrate appreciable improvement in response using magnetic bearings.

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15

Wajnert, Dawid, and Bronislaw Tomczuk. "Nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit of the hybrid magnetic bearing." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 1190–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-10-2018-0423.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to create a reliable nonlinear magnetic equivalent circuit (NMEC) of the hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB). Commonly used magnetic equivalent circuits of HMB omit a saturation effect of the magnetic material as well as the leakage and fringing flux. It results in imprecise modelling of the magnetic field distribution. On the other hand, only 3D finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to precisely simulate the magnetic field in this type of the magnetic bearing. The proposed NMEC incorporates the saturation effect of the magnetic material, as well as the leakage and fringing flux. Design/methodology/approach The magnetic equivalent circuit of presented HMB is proposed to obtain a reliable model that ensures short calculation time. Developed NMEC incorporates the phenomena as the saturation effect, as well as the leakage and fringing flux. The reluctance of the air gap that includes the fringing flux was calculated using 3D FEA. Kirchhoffs’ laws were used to create a set of nonlinear equations that were iteratively solved by Broyden’s method. Findings Incorporating into NMEC of the HMB a saturation effect of the magnetic material, as well as the leakage and fringing flux, resulted in the accurate model that was in good agreement with 3 D finite element model and the real object. The developed NMEC offers the calculation time in the range of miliseconds, therefore can be successfully used in the engineering design instead of the FEM. Originality/value Presented NMEC can be considered as a fundamental model that can be successfully used for accurate and fast simulation of the HMB. Proposed NMEC includes considerable factors that decide about the model accuracy such as the saturation effect of the ferromagnetic material and the leakage and fringing flux. The developed NMEC can be used in the optimization procedures and for simulations of dynamic responses.

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16

Liu, Yu. "Design of a Hybrid Magnetic Bearing Based on Equivalent Magnetic Circuit Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.27.

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The structure and working principle of a new hybrid magnetic bearing is introduced in this paper. To overcome the drawbacks of finite element method(FEM) in parameter design of hybrid magnetic bearing, a method based on the equivalent magnetic circuit method is proposed. The calculating equation and procedure for all parameters of the hybrid magnetic bearing are deduced in detail. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified through an example and the influence of the air gap length on other parameters is studied. The distribution of magnetic flux in the air gaps calculated by ANSYS is in good agreement with the design goal, which validates the proposed method.

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17

Hou, Er Yong, and Kun Liu. "Calculation of Leakage Coefficient for Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 150 (January 2012): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.150.17.

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This paper proposes a novel radial hybrid magnetic bearing (RHMB), whose configuration and working principle are introduced, and its mathematical model is built using the equivalent magnetic circuit method. A simple and practical method for calculating leakage coefficients is proposed to improve the accuracy of the equivalent magnetic circuit method. A 3-D finite element model of the RHMB is established by the software ANSYS and the leakage coefficients of control and bias fluxes are calculated, respectively. Based on the obtained leakage coefficients, magnetic forces on the rotor are calculated using the equivalent magnetic circuit method, and the results are compared with those of experiments and the finite element method. It shows that the magnetic forces obtained using the three methods are in agreement with each other, which verifies the correction of the proposed method in the calculation of leakage coefficients.

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18

Okada, Yohji, Masaki Touno, Ken-ichi Matsuda, Ryou Kondo, and Takashi Todaka. "Proposal of Hybrid Type Active Magnetic Bearing for Turbo Machinery." Materials Science Forum 856 (May 2016): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.856.165.

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New Hybrid (HB) type Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) is proposed in this paper. It is intended to apply to high speed turbo machinery. This magnetic bearing is easily controlled by a standard linear power amplifier. The proposed magnetic bearing is analyzed and designed through Finite Element Method (FEM). The designed characteristics are compared with the standard electro-magnet type magnetic bearing. The results show good characteristics of high efficiency, good dynamic property and easy manufacturing. The proposed magnetic bearing is fabricated and the simple tests are carried out.

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19

Fan, Yi Hua, Ying Tsun Lee, Chung Chun Wang, and Yi Lin Liao. "Passive Magnetic Bearing Design for a Small Wind Generator System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 145 (December 2011): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.145.174.

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A passive magnetic thrust bearing for a small vertical wind generator system is considered in this paper. The passive magnetic bearing is designed to reduce the axial load of the rotor system. The load capacity of the passive magnetic bearing is analyzed by finite element analysis software. From the simulation results, a suitable solution for the passive magnets of the test wind generator system is verified to be 225.6N with about a 2mm air gap. The experiment results show that a wind generator system with the additional passive magnetic bearing can start at a lower wind speed and transfers more power to the generator. The proposed hybrid bearing system can increase efficiency by 20%~50%, as compared with a traditional system supported by roller bearings at the same wind speed.

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20

WANG, Nianxian. "Research on Bearing Capacity Model of Large-air-gap Hybrid Magnetic Bearings." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 51, no. 1 (2015): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2015.01.153.

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21

Zeng, Run Zhang, and Huang Qiu Zhu. "Mathematical Model and Control of Axial Hybrid Magnetic Bearings Based on α-th Order Inverse System Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.539.

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A linearization control research based on α-th order inverse system method has been developed for an axial hybrid magnetic bearing, which is a nonlinear system. The configuration of the axial hybrid magnetic bearing is briefly introduced, the working principle of the hybrid magnetic bearing is analyzed, and then the suction equations are set up. Based on expounding of α-th order inverse system method, and aiming at dynamics model of the axial hybrid magnetic bearing, the feasibility of linearization control is discussed in detail, the linearization control arithmetic based on α-th order inverse system method is deduced, and then close system controller is designed. Finally, the simulation system is set up with MATLAB software. The step response of system, the start up displacement curve of rotor and the performance of anti-disturbance of system are simulated. The simulation results have shown that the α-th order inverse system control strategy can realize accurate linearization for nonlinear mathematical model of the axial hybrid magnetic bearing, and the designed close control system has good dynamic and static performance.

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22

Sung, Hwa-Chang, Jin-Bae Park, Myung-Hwan Tark, and Young-Hoon Joo. "Robust Stability Analysis of Hybrid Magnetic Bearing System." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 21, no. 3 (June 25, 2011): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2011.21.3.372.

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23

Suzuki, Kenichi, and Toru Masuzawa. "Magnetically suspended blood pump with hybrid magnetic bearing." Journal of Life Support Engineering 19, Supplement (2007): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5136/lifesupport.19.supplement_29.

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24

KOYANAGI, Hiroaki, Yohji OKADA, and Kouichi KAKIHARA. "518 Development of IPM Type Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2004 (2004): _518–1_—_518–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2004._518-1_.

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25

Jiancheng, Fang, Sun Jinji, Liu Hu, and Tang Jiqiang. "A Novel 3-DOF Axial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 46, no. 12 (December 2010): 4034–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2010.2074206.

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26

HAN, Bangcheng. "Modeling and Analysis of Novel Integrated Radial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing for Magnetic Bearing Reaction Wheel." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 05 (2010): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2010.05.655.

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27

Kustosz, R., I. Altyntsev, M. Darlak, T. Wierzchoń, M. Tarnowski, M. Gawlikowski, M. Gonsior, and M. Kościelniak-Ziemniak. "The Tin Coatings Utilisation As Blood Contact Surface Modification In Implantable Rotary Left Ventricle Assist Device Religaheart Rot." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 2253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0371.

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Abstract Constructions of the mechanical-bearingless centrifugal blood pumps utilize different types of non-contact physical bearings, which allows to balance the forces that have an impact on the pump impeller, stabilizing its position in the pump house without wall contact. The paper presents investigations of the hybrid (passive magnetic bearings and hydrodynamic bearings) suspension system for the centrifugal blood pump. Numerical simulations were used to evaluate the hydrodynamic bearing lifting force and magnetic bearing forces interaction. An important aspect of rotor suspension system design was the nominal gap in hydrodynamic bearing area in order to reduce the blood damage risk in this region. The analyses results confirmed that for a small diameter centrifugal pump, the nominal operating hydrodynamic bearing gap could be established within the range from 0.033 to 0.072 mm.

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28

Jin, Jie, and Huang Qiu Zhu. "Technique for Magnetic Bearing Based on Mixed-Kernel Support Vector Machine Forecasting Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.349.

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The self-sensing magnetic bearing can reduce the cost and the axial size of the magnetic bearing and increase its reliability. A mixed-kernel least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) forecasting model is proposed for self-sensing technique of a hybrid magnetic bearing. The structure and mathematical model of the radial-axial hybrid magnetic bearing are introduced. Based on the principle of the mixed-kernel LS-SVM, the nonlinear forecasting model between the current and the displacement which realizes the displacement self-sensing control is built through genetic algorithm. Simulation has done to verify the validity and feasibility of proposed method.

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29

Nicolsky, R., A. S. Pereira, R. de Andrade, D. F. B. David, J. A. Santisteban, R. M. Stephan, A. Ripper, W. Gawalek, T. Habisreuther, and T. Strasser. "Development of hybrid bearing system with thrust superconducting magnetic bearing and radial active electromagnetic bearing." Physica C: Superconductivity 341-348 (November 2000): 2509–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4534(00)01298-3.

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30

HOU, Eryong. "Analytical Calculation of Magnetic Field and Force for Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 48, no. 06 (2012): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2012.06.193.

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31

Wang, Haoze, Kun Liu, and Peng Ao. "Magnetic Field and Specific Axial Load Capacity of Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49, no. 8 (August 2013): 4911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2013.2248162.

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32

Okada, Yohji, Kumiko Shimizu, and Satoshi Ueno. "Control of Hybrid (HB) Type Magnetic Bearings with Axial GAP Combined Motor-Bearing." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, no. 26 (September 2000): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)39183-8.

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33

Park, Cheol Hoon, Sang Kyu Choi, Ji Hoon Ahn, Sang Yong Ham, and Soohyun Kim. "Thrust Hybrid Magnetic Bearing using Axially Magnetized Ring Magnet." Journal of Magnetics 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2013.18.3.302.

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34

Komori, M., S. Matsuoka, and S. Fukata. "Development of a hybrid-type superconducting magnetic bearing system." Applied Superconductivity 4, no. 5-6 (May 1996): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-1807(97)83140-7.

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35

Kiani, Mahdi, Hassan Salarieh, Aria Alasty, and S. Mahdi Darbandi. "Hybrid control of a three-pole active magnetic bearing." Mechatronics 39 (November 2016): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2016.07.004.

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36

Komori, M., S. Matsuoka, and S. Fukata. "Evaluations of a hybrid-type superconducting magnetic bearing system." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 6, no. 4 (1996): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.559341.

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37

KAKIHARA, Koichi, Hiroaki KOYANAGI, and Yohji OKADA. "Development of Built-in PM Type Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 71, no. 710 (2005): 2968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.71.2968.

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38

Sun, Jinji, Guochang Bai, and Lijun Li. "Stiffness measurement of radial hybrid magnetic bearing in MSFW." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 37, no. 8 (October 9, 2014): 991–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331214552122.

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39

Tan, Qingchang, Wei Li, and Bo Liu. "Investigations on a permanent magnetic–hydrodynamic hybrid journal bearing." Tribology International 35, no. 7 (July 2002): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-679x(02)00026-9.

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40

Sun, Jinji, Ziyan Ju, Cong Peng, Yun Le, and Hongliang Ren. "A Novel 4-DOF Hybrid Magnetic Bearing for DGMSCMG." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 64, no. 3 (March 2017): 2196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2016.2626238.

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41

OKADA, Yohji, Masaki TOUNO, Ken-Ichi MATSUDA, Ryou KONDO, and Takashi TODAKA. "Six pole type hybrid magnetic bearing for turbo-machinery." Mechanical Engineering Journal 4, no. 5 (2017): 16–00579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/mej.16-00579.

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42

Wu, Mengyao, and Huangqiu Zhu. "Backstepping control of three-pole radial hybrid magnetic bearing." IET Electric Power Applications 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-epa.2019.1008.

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43

Zhang, Wei-Yu, and Huang-Qiu Zhu. "Accurate parameter design for radial AC hybrid magnetic bearing." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 15, no. 4 (April 2014): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-014-0385-y.

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44

Jeong, Sena, and Yong Bok Lee. "Effects of eccentricity and vibration response on high-speed rigid rotor supported by hybrid foil-magnetic bearing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 6 (November 29, 2015): 994–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215619449.

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A hybrid foil-magnetic bearing (HFMB) consists of an air foil bearing (AFB) and an active magnetic bearing (AMB). The HFMB, inherently proposed as a backup bearing for an AMB, has many advantages, such as good controllability and the ability to exhibit preload sharing with the two types of bearings (i.e., the AFB and AMB) in high-speed turbomachinery. However, because the bearing has a limited clearance, the eccentric position of the rotor affects its stability and the reliability parameters of the AFBs such as the initial preload rub. In this study, a rigid rotor supported by an HFMB was operated at speeds of up to 18 kr/min and was tested using a proportional-derivative control algorithm, in order to reduce the vibration amplitude. In addition, to elucidate the effect of the initial eccentric position of the rotor, the control algorithm was started from the initial position of the rotor (X: from –100 to 100 µm and Y: from –80 to 200 µm) using a constant gain value. When the HFMB was active, the magnetic control force was remarkably effective in reducing the subsynchronous vibration of the rotor supported by the HFMB. Eccentricities of 0.2–0.5 corresponded to appropriate rotor positions for the hybrid bearing, and the corresponding load distribution of the AFB was found to be the optimal one. In addition, the proportional-derivative control gain was not very high. The performance of the bearing could be improved further by controlling the eccentricity. An HFMB was tested experimentally, and it was verified that it is possible to determine the effective load carrying capacity for a specific load distribution of the AFB.

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45

Zhang, Wei Yu, Ying Ruan, Xiao Yan Diao, and Huang Qiu Zhu. "Control System Design for AC-DC Three-Degree-of-Freedom Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 150 (January 2012): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.150.144.

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To fulfil the objective of high speed, high precision and intelligence in the modern equipment and advanced manufacturing industry, the magnetic bearing is requested to have small volume, low cost and low consumption. In this paper, an AC-DC three-degree-of-freedom hybrid magnetic bearing (AC-DC-3DOF-HMB) is studied, which integrates radial bearing and axial bearing in one of the magnetic bearing. The configuration and principle of AC-DC-3DOF-HMB are expounded, and the mathematical models of suspension forces are given. Then based on the function block diagram of AC-DC-3DOF-HMB control system, its hardware and software configuration are designed. The experiment results show that the rotor can be suspended stably with three degrees of freedom and has a good performance in anti- interference, and the feasibility of the control system design can be verified.

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46

Wajnert, Dawid, and Bronisław Tomczuk. "Analysis of spatial thermal field in a magnetic bearing." Open Physics 16, no. 1 (March 20, 2018): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2018-0010.

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AbstractThis paper presents two mathematical models for temperature field analysis in a new hybrid magnetic bearing. Temperature distributions have been calculated using a three dimensional simulation and a two dimensional one. A physical model for temperature testing in the magnetic bearing has been developed. Some results obtained from computer simulations were compared with measurements.

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47

Zhang, Wei Yu, Huang Qiu Zhu, and Ze Bin Yang. "Parameter Design and Result Analysis for Radial AC Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 484–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.484.

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In this paper, a novel radial hybrid magnetic bearing is proposed, which is driven by an AC 3-phase power converter, and biased magnetic fluxes are provided by an axial magnetized permanent magnet ring. Based on the introduction of the configuration and principle of the radial AC hybrid magnetic bearing (AC HMB), the methods in parameter design and design results for the prototype are presented. The parameter design results for the prototype of the radial AC HMB are simulated by 3D electromagnetic finite element method and the simulation results show that the obtained parameter is reasonable. The manufactured prototype applying to the parameter is operated and the test results also show that the design result for the prototype is available, and the AC HMB has good dynamic and static performance.

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Wang, Zixin, Tao Zhang, and Shasha Wu. "Suspension Force Analysis of Four-Pole Hybrid Magnetic Bearing With Large Radial Bearing Capacity." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 56, no. 8 (August 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2020.3003983.

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Zhang, Tao, Hong Yun Jia, Hui Ping Zhang, and Jian Xiang Ji. "Air-Gap Magnetic Field Optimization to Reduce Losses in High Speed Bearingless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.360.

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In this paper, the high speed motor hybrids with a radial-axial 3 degree of freedom hybrid magnetic bearing unit and BPMSM unit is proposed. The radial suspension force and magnetic field distributions with different magnetized mode are calculated. The losses are calculated and compared using time-stepping finite element method. The research results have shown that the high-speed BPMSM with Halbach array permanent magnet rotor has sinusoidal air-gap magnetic field, minimum losses.

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Wang, Jing, Shaojuan Ma, Peng Hao, and Hehui Yuan. "Hopf Bifurcation and Control of Magnetic Bearing System with Uncertain Parameter." Complexity 2019 (December 5, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1641953.

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In this paper, the Hopf bifurcation and control of the magnetic bearing system under an uncertain parameter are investigated. Firstly, the two-degree-of-freedom magnetic bearing system model with uncertain parameter is established. The method of orthogonal polynomial approximation is used to obtain the equivalent magnetic bearing model which is deterministic. Secondly, combining mathematical analysis tools and numerical simulations, the Hopf bifurcation of the equivalent model is analyzed. Finally, a hybrid feedback control method (linear feedback control method combined with nonlinear stochastic feedback control method) is introduced to control the Hopf bifurcation behavior of the magnetic bearing system.

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