Journal articles: 'Hybrid Loss'

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Ramírez, Manuel, Antonia Vinagre, Jesús Ambrona, Felipe Molina, Matilde Maqueda, and José E. Rebollo. "Genetic Instability of Heterozygous, Hybrid, Natural Wine Yeasts." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 8 (August 2004): 4686–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.8.4686-4691.2004.

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ABSTRACT We describe a genetic instability found in natural wine yeasts but not in the common laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Spontaneous cyh2R /cyh2R mutants resistant to high levels of cycloheximide can be directly isolated from cyh2S /cyh2S wine yeasts. Heterozygous cyh2R/cyh2S hybrid clones vary in genetic instability as measured by loss of heterozygosity at cyh2. There were two main classes of hybrids. The lawn hybrids have high genetic instability and generally become cyh2R /cyh2R homozygotes and lose the killer phenotype under nonselective conditions. The papilla hybrids have a much lower rate of loss of heterozygosity and maintain the killer phenotype. The genetic instability in lawn hybrids is 3 to 5 orders of magnitude greater than the highest loss-of-heterozygosity rates previously reported. Molecular mechanisms such as DNA repair by break-induced replication might account for the asymmetrical loss of heterozygosity. This loss-of-heterozygosity phenomenon could be economically important if it causes sudden phenotype changes in industrial or pathogenic yeasts and of more basic importance to the degree that it influences the evolution of naturally occurring yeast populations.

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Lindquist, John L., and David A. Mortensen. "Tolerance and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) suppressive ability of two old and two modern corn (Zea mays) hybrids." Weed Science 46, no. 5 (October 1998): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091116.

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Improved crop tolerance and weed suppressive ability are tactics that may reduce the negative effect of weeds on crop yield. Irrigated field experiments were conducted to compare leaf area index (LAI), intercepted photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and relative tolerance and velvetleaf suppressive ability among two old (circa 1940) and two modern corn hybrids. Each hybrid was grown in monoculture and in mixture with velvetleaf at 1, 4, 16, and 40 plants m−1row. Plants were periodically harvested in monoculture plots to obtain estimates of corn LAI, and PPF interception was measured. Variation in hybrid tolerance to velvetleaf competition for light was evaluated by comparing among hybrids the coefficients of a regression of corn yield loss on velvetleaf density. Velvetleaf seed capsule production in the presence of each hybrid was compared to evaluate variation in velvetleaf suppressive ability among hybrids. Maximum corn yield loss was 32% lower for the two old hybrids, and velvetleaf capsule production was reduced by 62% at low velvetleaf densities in 1995 compared to the modern hybrids. In 1996, yield loss of the modern hybrid 3394 was 74% lower than that of the other three hybrids at low velvetleaf densities, whereas maximum yield loss of the old hybrid 336 was 44% lower at high densities. Velvetleaf capsule production did not vary among hybrids at any velvetleaf density in 1996. Hybrids with greater tolerance and velvetleaf suppressive ability also had greater LAI and PPF interception, suggesting optimized corn LAI and PPF interception may be useful in an integrated weed management program.

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Alast, Fatemeh Hosseini. "Hybrid Loss-compensated Plasmonic Device." Video Proceedings of Advanced Materials 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): Article ID 2020–0832—Article ID 2020–0832. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/vpoam.2020.0832.

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Chelladurai, Daniel, Michael Doderer, Ueli Koch, Yuriy Fedoryshyn, Christian Haffner, and Juerg Leuthold. "Low-loss hybrid plasmonic coupler." Optics Express 27, no. 8 (April 12, 2019): 11862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.27.011862.

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Hosseini Alast, Fatemeh, Mohsen Nikkhah, Xiao Li, Jack Ng, Amirhossein B. Ghasemi, Hamid Latifi, and Kok Wai Cheah. "Hybrid Loss‐Compensated Plasmonic Device." Advanced Optical Materials 7, no. 5 (December 19, 2018): 1801189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adom.201801189.

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6

Pankajam, Ajith V., Suman Dash, Asma Saifudeen, Abhishek Dutta, and Koodali T. Nishant. "Loss of Heterozygosity and Base Mutation Rates Vary Among Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hybrid Strains." G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 3309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401551.

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Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that mutation rates exhibit intra-species specific variation. We estimated genome-wide loss of heterozygosity (LOH), gross chromosomal changes, and single nucleotide mutation rates to determine intra-species specific differences in hybrid and homozygous strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutation accumulation lines of the S. cerevisiae hybrid backgrounds - S288c/YJM789 (S/Y) and S288c/RM11-1a (S/R) were analyzed along with the homozygous diploids RM11, S288c, and YJM145. LOH was extensive in both S/Y and S/R hybrid backgrounds. The S/Y background also showed longer LOH tracts, gross chromosomal changes, and aneuploidy. Short copy number aberrations were observed in the S/R background. LOH data from the S/Y and S/R hybrids were used to construct a LOH map for S288c to identify hotspots. Further, we observe up to a sixfold difference in single nucleotide mutation rates among the S. cerevisiae S/Y and S/R genetic backgrounds. Our results demonstrate LOH is common during mitotic divisions in S. cerevisiae hybrids and also highlight genome-wide differences in LOH patterns and rates of single nucleotide mutations between commonly used S. cerevisiae hybrid genetic backgrounds.

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Ramesh P. G. V., Ramesh P. G. V., and Prita Nair Prita Nair. "Hybrid approach for loss recovery mechanism in OBS networks." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 4 (2014): 040602–40606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.040602.

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8

Dobos, A. C., and G. Szabó. "Water loss dynamics in maize hybrids with different genotypes." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 53, no. 2 (August 1, 2005): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.53.2005.2.4.

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Tests were made on the water dynamics of water loss in maize at two locations at major maize production areas, Debrecen and Szeged, as a function of the heat sum required up to physiological ripening. The maximum water content was found to vary according to the hybrid and the year. No significant differences were found between the effective heat sums associated with maximum values within a year, the difference being 2-4 calendar days. There was a close correlation between the maximum grain water content and the length of the generative phase for a given hybrid in a given year. Better water supplies (1998) resulted in higher maximum water content values, which indirectly promoted longer and more intensive dry matter incorporation. Of all the environmental parameters, the drying down rate is primarily determined by the temperature. The changes in grain moisture content in a specific hybrid can be characterised by a joint linear graph. The drying down rate of the individual hybrids was determined by examining the b term of the linear equation.

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Liu, Zhengyi, Jiting Tang, and Peng Zhao. "Salient object detection via hybrid upsampling and hybrid loss computing." Visual Computer 36, no. 4 (May 9, 2019): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00371-019-01659-w.

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10

Parker, Ryan C., Jaewoo Joo, Mohsen Razavi, and Timothy P. Spiller. "Hybrid photonic loss resilient entanglement swapping." Journal of Optics 19, no. 10 (September 15, 2017): 104004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aa858a.

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11

Bezvikonnyu, P., R. Myalkovsky, and V. Tarasyuk. "The Influence of sowing time of red beet seeds on root crops storage." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(157) (May 25, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-7-12.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the eﬀect of seed sowing time on the red beet root crops conservation in the southwestern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that sowing periods aﬀect the germination of red beet root. Thus, the lowest total losses were observed for sowing on May 1–4 in all the studied hybrids, namely in the Bettollo F1 hybrid – 6.7 %, the Voyevoda F1 – 9.9 %, and in the Ronda F1 hybrid – 14.9 %, respectively. The biggest losses were observed for sowing in the early spring term, since sowing beetroot in the early term results in the roots overripening, aging, cracking, they germinate during storage and become less resistant to rotting microorganisms. The highest output of commodity products was observed under sowing in late spring time. In this case, the yield of markered root beet root in the Bettollo F1 hybrid was 93.3 %, the Voyevoda F1 – 90.1 %, and in the Ronda F1 hybrid – 85.1 %, respectively. Bettolo F1 hybrid root crops were better preserved than others, which we believe is due to the mass of root crops, since the conservation of large and medium-sized root crops is higher than that of small ones. It should also be noted that the total root loss was lower under storage in boxes with a plastic insert, than that under the root loss stored in the boxes. Thus, the lowest total root loss was observed in the Bettollo F1 hybrid – 5.2–7.6 %, which is 0.1–2.0 % less than the Voyevoda F1 hybrid and 3.2–6.9 % less than in the Ronda F1 hybrid. In the Bettolo F1 hybrid, the disease losses were insigniﬁcant compared to the Voyevoda F1 and Ronda F1 hybrids and made 2.8–4.0 %. The natural weight loss in the hybrid Bettollo F1 was 2.4–3.6 %, which is almost on par with the hybrid Voyevoda F1 2.3–4.2 %, but much less than in the hybrid Ronda F1 3.8–6.6 %. Comparing the storage methods, it should be noted that storage root crops in boxes with a plastic insert contributes to a higher output of marketed products compared to variants where the root crops were stored in boxes in bulk. Thus, storage root crops in boxes with a plastic insert is the best way to store root beets as it allows to save the product with minimal loss. Key words: storage properties, hybrid, total losses, commodity products output, boxes, boxes with a plastic insert.

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12

Zhang, Qilei, Guangxin Chen, Jundong Huang, and Changlian Peng. "Comparison of the Ability to Control Water Loss in the Detached Leaves of Wedelia trilobata, Wedelia chinensis, and Their Hybrid." Plants 9, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9091227.

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In the process of biological invasion, hybridization between invasive species and native species is very common, which may lead to the formation of hybrids with a stronger adaptability. The hybrid of Wedelia trilobata (an alien invasive species) and Wedelia chinensis (an indigenous congener) has been found in South China. In our previous study, we found that the hybrid showed heterosis under cadmium stress. However, the results of this experiment demonstrated that the leaves of the hybrid had no heterosis in controlling water loss. The results showed that the water loss rate of W. trilobata was the slowest, that of W. chinensis was the fastest, and that of the hybrid was in the middle. Compared with W. chinensis and the hybrid, W. trilobata accumulated more abscisic acid (ABA) in leaves to control water loss. After the leaves were detached, W. chinensis leaves suffered the most serious damage, the lowest maximum photochemical efficiency, the most serious membrane lipid peroxidation, and the largest accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Compared with W. chinensis and its hybrid, the leaves of W. trilobata could accumulate more antioxidant enzymes and antioxidants, and the total antioxidant capacity was the strongest. The results demonstrate that the ability of the hybrid to reduce water loss was lower than that of W. trilobata, but higher than that of W. chinensis. They showed that the drought resistance of the hybrid may be higher than that of W. chinensis, and it might threaten the survival of W. chinensis.

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13

Takano, Toshiyuki S. "Loss of Notum Macrochaetae as an Interspecific Hybrid Anomaly Between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans." Genetics 149, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 1435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/149.3.1435.

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Abstract With the aim of revealing genetic variation accumulated among closely related species during the course of evolution, this study focuses on loss of macrochaetae on the notum as one of the developmental anomalies seen in interspecific hybrids between Drosophila melanogaster and its closely related species. Interspecific hybrids between a line of D. melanogaster and D. simulans isofemale lines exhibited a wide range in the number of missing bristles. By contrast, D. mauritiana and D. sechellia lines showed almost no reduction in bristle number in hybrids with D. melanogaster. Genetic analysis showed that the D. simulans X chromosome confers a large effect on hybrid bristle loss, although X-autosome interaction may be involved. This suggests that at least one genetic factor contributing to hybrid anomalies arose recently on a D. simulans X chromosome. Moreover, the results indicate sex dependency: the male hybrids were more susceptible to bristle loss than the female hybrids were. Use of cell type markers suggests that the defect does not lie in cell fate decisions during bristle development, but in the maintenance of neural fate and/or differentiation of the descendants of sensory mother cells.

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14

Jordan, Gregory J., Timothy J. Brodribb, and Prue E. Loney. "Water loss physiology and the evolution within the Tasmanian conifer genus Athrotaxis (Cupressaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 6 (2004): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04029.

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The Tasmanian montane and rainforest conifer genus Athrotaxis provides a system for investigating the relationship between leaf form and function and its adaptive significance. The two species differ markedly in leaf size, shape, degree of imbricacy and stomatal distribution, whereas natural hybrid swarms and glasshouse-grown hybrid progeny are highly variable for these traits. In glasshouse-grown plants of the true species and a diverse hybrid progeny, stomatal conductance and density were strongly correlated, and varied by approximately 400% among individuals. Hybrids displayed lower stomatal densities and less discrimination of 13C than the true species, leading to a negative relationship between stomatal density and δ13C. In contrast with the highly variable stomatal densities and δ13C in glasshouse plants, field-grown plants were highly conservative in both characters. This, combined with relatively low stomatal density and high water-use efficiency in field-grown plants suggests optimisation of the trade-off between assimilation and water loss. Foliar conductance in the light for the hybrids and A.selaginoides was only 4–6 times as great as, and was strongly correlated with, conductance in the dark, suggesting incomplete stomatal closure or high cuticular conductance. Athrotaxis cupressoides was less ‘leaky’. This may reflect adaptation to its more exposed habitat.

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15

PAŁKA, Ryszard. "Loss calculation method for hybrid excited machines." PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY 1, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/48.2016.12.32.

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16

Cheng, Qishang, Hongliang Li, Qingbo Wu, and King Ngi Ngan. "Hybrid-loss supervision for deep neural network." Neurocomputing 388 (May 2020): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2020.01.047.

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17

Soppera, O., P. J. Moreira, A. P. Leite, and P. V. S. Marques. "Low-Loss Photopatternable Hybrid Sol–Gel Materials." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 35, no. 1 (July 2005): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-005-3212-1.

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18

Siviero, Diego Azevedo, and José Roberto de França Arruda. "An indirect hybrid sound transmission loss controller." Applied Acoustics 73, no. 10 (October 2012): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2012.04.004.

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de Oliveira, Agda Aline Rocha, R. L. Oréfice, Herman S. Mansur, and Marivalda Pereira. "Effect of Increasing Polyvinyl Alcohol Content on the Porous Structure and Mechanical Properties of Sol-Gel Derived Hybrids Foams." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 555–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.555.

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Bioactive glass/polymer hybrids are promising materials for biomedical applications because they combine the bioactivity of these bioceramics with the flexibility of polymers. In previous work hybrid foams with 80% bioactive glass and 20% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were prepared by the sol-gel process for application as scaffold for bone tissue engineering. In this work it was evaluated the effect of increasing the PVA content of the hybrids on structural characteristics and mechanical properties of hybrid foams produced by this method. The hybrids were prepared with inorganic phase composition of 70%SiO2-30%CaO and PVA fractions of 20 to 60% by the sol-gel method. The structural and mechanical characterization of the obtained foams was done by FTIR, SEM, Helium Picnometry, and compression tests. To reduce the acidic character of the hybrids due to the catalysts added, different neutralization solutions were tested. The immersion of hybrids in a calcium acetate solution was the most adequate neutralization method, avoiding calcium loss while maintaining pH nearly 7,0 and low PVA loss. The foams presented porosity of 60-85% and pore diameters of 100-500μm with interconnected structure. The pore structure varied with the polymer content in the hybrid. The compression tests showed that an increase of PVA fraction in the hybrids improved their mechanical properties.

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Molnár, Zsuzsa, and Mihály Sárvári. "Effect of season and sowing time on the moisture loss dynamics and yield of maize." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 26 (July 16, 2007): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/26/3084.

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The effect of sowing date on maize development and yield was studied in field experiments. The experiment was set up at the experimental garden of the University of Debrecen Centre of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Sciences in 2005 and 2006 on calcareous chernozem soil. Six hybrids with different genetic characteristics and vegetation period were tested (Sze 269, DK 440, PR37D25, NK Cisko, Mv Maraton, PR34B97) at three different sowing dates.2005 was a very wet year. The amount of precipitation in the vegetation period was about 150 mm higher than the average of 30 years. No significant differences were observed in temperature. However, the number of sunny hours was much lower during the summer than as usual. This had an influence on yields.In 2006, there was no risk of inland water in spite of the large amount of precipitation at the beginning of the year. The amount of water available for plants was satisfactory during the season due to the favorable amount of precipitation. Therefore, plants suffered less from the heat in July. However, hail on 22 July caused significant damage. The number of sunny hours in the summer was high enough. The warm, dry autumn helped the water release of plants.In 2005, the results of the third sowing date could not be evaluated due to the large number of missing plants. The yield of hybrids ranged between 12-14 t/ha for the first sowing date. For the second sowing date, yields ranged between wider boundaries. The hybrid PR37D25 has a very high yield in the case of the second sowing date, and its seed moisture content was favorably low. The yield of hybrid PR34B97 was the lowest at the later sowing date, the prime reason of this was damage caused by Diabrotica virgifera. The seed moisture content at harvest varied between 16-24% for the first sowing date. In the case of the second sowing date, higher values were measured. Hybrids Sze 269 and NK Cisko had favorable water release characteristics. The maximum value of leaf area index was the best in the case of the first sowing date (5-5.5 m2/m2).In 2006, yields for the first sowing date ranged between 8-10 t/ha. At the second sowing date, more favorable results were obtained. The reason for this is probably that hail caused a higher damage in hybrids with the early sowing date. Plant stock with later sowing date could recover more successfully. Hybrid PR37D25 had very high yields for the second and third sowing dates. The high-yielding hybrid PR34B97 also had high yield, but this was accompanied by higher seed moisture content. Due to the warm, sunny autumn weather, the hybrids had good water-release dynamics and were harvested with a lower seed moisture content than in the previous year. For the first sowing date, the seed moisture content was around 13-14% except for hybrid PR34B97. For the second and third sowing dates, higher values were observed. Leaf area index was significantly reduced in August for all three hybrids due to the hail in July. For the first two sowing dates, the leaves of hybrid Sze 269 were the first to dry similarly to the previous year.Year had a strong effect on the results in both years.

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Ip, Y. T., R. E. Fournier, and R. Chalkley. "Extinction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression is associated with loss of a specific chromatin-binding protein from a far upstream domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 7 (July 1990): 3782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.7.3782-3787.1990.

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We have analyzed the chromatin structure of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids with different extinction phenotypes. These hybrids included a karyotypically complete hybrid in which all liver gene activity was extinguished, a microcell hybrid that contained a single mouse chromosome 11 and in which PEPCK gene activity was decreased but inducible by cyclic AMP, and a segregant line that had lost all mouse chromosomes and in which the PEPCK gene was reexpressed. We found that only in the completely extinguished hybrid was PEPCK chromatin structure radically different from that in the parental hepatoma cells. In this hybrid, there was no evidence of any factors binding to the promoter or to the upstream hypersensitive site at -4800 base pairs. In the other cell lines, even when PEPCK gene transcription was low, the PEPCK chromatin showed characteristic structures typical of a transcriptionally competent gene, with hypersensitive sites at positions previously described. Loss of the upstream hypersensitive site was also shown to be correlated with the absence of a liver-specific protein factor that binds specifically to the upstream region.

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Ip, Y. T., R. E. Fournier, and R. Chalkley. "Extinction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene expression is associated with loss of a specific chromatin-binding protein from a far upstream domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 7 (July 1990): 3782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.7.3782.

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We have analyzed the chromatin structure of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids with different extinction phenotypes. These hybrids included a karyotypically complete hybrid in which all liver gene activity was extinguished, a microcell hybrid that contained a single mouse chromosome 11 and in which PEPCK gene activity was decreased but inducible by cyclic AMP, and a segregant line that had lost all mouse chromosomes and in which the PEPCK gene was reexpressed. We found that only in the completely extinguished hybrid was PEPCK chromatin structure radically different from that in the parental hepatoma cells. In this hybrid, there was no evidence of any factors binding to the promoter or to the upstream hypersensitive site at -4800 base pairs. In the other cell lines, even when PEPCK gene transcription was low, the PEPCK chromatin showed characteristic structures typical of a transcriptionally competent gene, with hypersensitive sites at positions previously described. Loss of the upstream hypersensitive site was also shown to be correlated with the absence of a liver-specific protein factor that binds specifically to the upstream region.

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23

Hewitt, Sarah K., Kobchai Duangrattanalert, Tim Burgis, Leo A. H. Zeef, Samina Naseeb, and Daniela Delneri. "Plasticity of Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance and its Impact on Nuclear Gene Transcription in Yeast Hybrids." Microorganisms 8, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8040494.

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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in yeast is biparentally inherited, but colonies rapidly lose one type of parental mtDNA, thus becoming homoplasmic. Therefore, hybrids between the yeast species possess two homologous nuclear genomes, but only one type of mitochondrial DNA. We hypothesise that the choice of mtDNA retention is influenced by its contribution to hybrid fitness in different environments, and the allelic expression of the two nuclear sub-genomes is affected by the presence of different mtDNAs in hybrids. Saccharomyces cerevisiae/S. uvarum hybrids preferentially retained S. uvarum mtDNA when formed on rich media at colder temperatures, while S. cerevisiae mtDNA was primarily retained on non-fermentable carbon source, at any temperature. Transcriptome data for hybrids harbouring different mtDNA showed a strong environmentally dependent allele preference, which was more important in respiratory conditions. Co-expression analysis for specific biological functions revealed a clear pattern of concerted allelic transcription within the same allele type, which supports the notion that the hybrid cell works preferentially with one set of parental alleles (or the other) for different cellular functions. Given that the type of mtDNA retained in hybrids affects both nuclear expression and fitness, it might play a role in driving hybrid genome evolution in terms of gene retention and loss.

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LaRose, Jessica Gokee, Deborah F. Tate, Autumn Lanoye, Joseph L. Fava, Elissa Jelalian, Megan Blumenthal, Laura J. Caccavale, and Rena R. Wing. "Adapting evidence-based behavioral weight loss programs for emerging adults: A pilot randomized controlled trial." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 7 (January 29, 2017): 870–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316688951.

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Emerging adults are at high risk of obesity but behavioral weight loss programs do not meet their needs. Emerging adults ( N = 52, age = 22.3 ± 2 years, body mass index = 34.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2, 46.2% non-Hispanic White) were randomly assigned to one of three behavioral weight loss programs adapted based on formative work: face-to-face behavioral weight loss, web-based behavioral weight loss, or web plus optional community sessions (Hybrid). Assessments occurred at 0 and 3 months. Engagement and self-monitoring were highest in Hybrid. Intent-to-treat weight losses were −2.8 ± 2.9 percent in face-to-face behavioral weight loss, −2.2 ± 4.5 percent in web-based behavioral weight loss, and 4.8 ± 4.9 percent in Hybrid. Percent achieving ⩾5 percent weight loss was highest in Hybrid (63%). Findings suggest potential for adapted behavioral weight loss to promote engagement and weight loss in emerging adults.

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Jandásek, J., R. Gál, I. Ingr, M. Sládek, and F. Poul. "Meat quality in two hybrid slaughter lines of pigs." Czech Journal of Animal Science 49, No. 5 (December 12, 2011): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4303-cjas.

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We evaluated two hybrid slaughter lines, progeny of hybrid parent gilts (LW × L) and D or LW – sire line terminal boars. Within two trials (with a six-month interval between them) the data on 40 animals were acquired; 20 hybrid pigs were sired by Duroc and 20 by LW terminal boars. Post-mortem changes were described by pH, conductivity, redox potential, remission and drip loss. Dry matter, intramuscular fat and myoglobin content were determined. Sensory tests evaluated aroma, flavour and texture. The results can be summarised as follows: post-mortem changes were adequate to normal quality meat. Remission values, drip loss and intramuscular fat content were higher in the hybrids sired by D. The hybrids sired by LW showed higher values of myoglobin content and their meat had better aroma. Total sensory evaluation was in favour of the hybrid progeny of D. The differences between the two trials could be explained by the use of different sires, the interval between the trials (6 months), impact of season and slight differences in feeding technique. However, the majority of the values fell within the category “optimal” quality of pork, therefore this trend in hybridisation could become one of the possible ways of pig breeding in the Czech Republic.  

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Bhuvaneshwari, A., R. Hemalatha, and T. SatyaSavithri. "Path Loss Model Optimization Using Stochastic Hybrid Genetic Algorithm." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (October 2, 2018): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.21041.

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In the context of modeling the propagation of mobile radio signals, optimizing the existing path loss model is largely required to precisely represent the actual propagation medium. In this paper, a hybrid tuning approach is proposed by merging the stochastic Weighted Least Square method and Genetic algorithm. The proposed hybrid optimization is employed to optimize the parameters of Cost 231 Hata propagation model and is validated by cellular field strength measurements at 900 MHz in the sub urban region. The hybrid optimization is compared with optimized results of Weighted Least Square method and Genetic algorithm. The least values of Mean Square error (0.2702), RMSE (0.4798) and percentage Relative error (3.96) justify the tuning precision of the hybrid method. The proposed optimization approach could be used by network service providers to improve the quality of service and in mobile radio network planning of 900 MHz band for 4G LTE services.

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Nwaiwu, Ogueri, and Martin Itumoh. "Modelling Chemical Preservation of Plantain Hybrid Fruits." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 8 (August 27, 2017): 950. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i8.950-956.1256.

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New plantain hybrids plants have been developed but not much has been done on the post-harvest keeping quality of the fruits and how they are affected by microbial colonization. Hence fruits from a tetraploid hybrid PITA 2 (TMPx 548-9) obtained by crossing plantain varieties Obino l’Ewai and Calcutta 4 (AA) and two local triploid (AAB) plantain landraces Agbagba and Obino l’Ewai were subjected to various concentrations of acetic, sorbic and propionic acid to determine the impact of chemical concentration, chemical type and plantain variety on ripening and weight loss of plantain fruits. Analysis of titratable acidity, moisture content and total soluble solids showed that there were no significant differences between fruits of hybrid and local varieties. The longest time to ripening from harvest (24 days) was achieved with fruits of Agbagba treated with 3% propionic acid. However, fruits of PITA 2 hybrid treated with propionic and sorbic acid at 3% showed the longest green life which indicated that the chemicals may work better at higher concentrations. The Obino l’Ewai cultivar had the highest weight loss for all chemical types used. Modelling data obtained showed that plantain variety had the most significant effect on ripening and indicates that ripening of the fruits may depend on the plantain variety. It appears that weight loss of fruits from the plantain hybrid and local cultivars was not affected by the plantain variety, chemical type. The chemicals at higher concentrations may have an effect on ripening of the fruits and will need further investigation.

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Zhang, Liangliang, Zhao Zhang, Fulu Tao, Yuchuan Luo, Juan Cao, Ziyue Li, Ruizhi Xie, and Shaokun Li. "Planning maize hybrids adaptation to future climate change by integrating crop modelling with machine learning." Environmental Research Letters 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 124043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac32fd.

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Abstract Crop hybrid improvement is an efficient and environmental-friendly option to adapt to climate change and increase grain production. However, the adaptability of existing hybrids to a changing climate has not been systematically investigated. Therefore, little is known about the appropriate timing of hybrid adaptation. Here, using a novel hybrid model which coupled CERES-Maize with machine learning, we critically investigated the impacts of climate change on maize productivity with an ensemble of hybrid-specific estimations in China. We determined when and where current hybrids would become unviable and hybrid adaptation need be implemented, as well as which hybrid traits would be desirable. Climate change would have mostly negative impacts on maize productivity, and the magnitudes of yield reductions would highly depend on the growth cycle of the hybrids. Hybrid replacement could partially, but not completely, offset the yield loss caused by projected climate change. Without adaptation, approximately 53% of the cultivation areas would require hybrid renewal before 2050 under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. The medium-maturing hybrids with a long grain-filling duration and a high light use efficiency would be promising, although the ideotypic traits could be different for a specific environment. The findings highlight the necessity and urgency of breeding climate resilient hybrids, providing policy-makers and crop breeders with the early signals of when, where and what hybrids will be required, which stimulate proactive investment to facilitate breeding. The proposed crop modelling approach is scalable, largely data-driven and can be used to tackle the longstanding problem of predicting hybrids’ future performance to accelerate development of new crop hybrids.

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Xing, JiangHao, Changzheng Sun, Bing Xiong, Jian Wang, Zhibiao Hao, Lai Wang, Yanjun Han, HongTao Li, Jiadong Yu, and Yi Luo. "Low loss hybrid plasmon polariton Mach-Zehnder modulators." OSA Continuum 4, no. 11 (October 27, 2021): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/osac.428058.

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Shi, Qinfeng, Mark Reid, Tiberio Caetano, Anton van den hengel, and Zhenhua Wang. "A Hybrid Loss for Multiclass and Structured Prediction." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 37, no. 1 (January 2015): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2014.2306414.

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Smukowski Heil, Caiti S., Christopher G. DeSevo, Dave A. Pai, Cheryl M. Tucker, Margaret L. Hoang, and Maitreya J. Dunham. "Loss of Heterozygosity Drives Adaptation in Hybrid Yeast." Molecular Biology and Evolution 34, no. 7 (March 29, 2017): 1596–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msx098.

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Kim, Jin Tae, Jung Jin Ju, Suntak Park, Min-su Kim, Seung Koo Park, and Sang-Yung Shin. "Hybrid plasmonic waveguide for low-loss lightwave guiding." Optics Express 18, no. 3 (January 26, 2010): 2808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.002808.

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Wu, Wenxuan, Tongxin Wang, Xin Wang, Si Wu, Yanhua Luo, Xiujie Tian, and Qijin Zhang. "Hybrid solar concentrator with zero self-absorption loss." Solar Energy 84, no. 12 (December 2010): 2140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2010.08.012.

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Wiselin, John, and Perumal Shankar S. "Distribution System Loss Reduction through Hybrid Heuristic Technique." International Journal of Computer Applications 41, no. 6 (March 31, 2012): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/5543-7603.

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Neumann, Paul E. "Loss of philological purity: Hybrid vigor or mongrelism?" Clinical Anatomy 31, no. 6 (March 6, 2018): 771–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.23062.

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Doughan, Isaac, Kehinde Oyemakinwa, Olli Ovaskainen, and Matthieu Roussey. "Low Loss Vertical TiO2/Polymer Hybrid Nano-Waveguides." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030469.

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This article proposes a novel demonstration of a low-loss polymer channel hybridized with a titania core leading to a nano-waveguide elongated in the normal direction to the substrate. It is aimed at using the quasi-transverse magnetic (TM) mode as the predominant mode in compact photonic circuitry. A detailed design analysis shows how a thin layer of a higher-refractive index material in a trench within the core of the waveguide can increase the confinement and reduce the propagation losses. This thin layer, produced by atomic layer deposition, covers the entire polymer structure in a conformal manner, ensuring both a reduction of the surface roughness and a stronger field confinement. The trench can be made at any place within the polymer channel and therefore its position can be tuned to obtain asymmetric modal distribution. The waveguide is demonstrated at telecom wavelengths, although the material’s properties enable operation over a large part of the electromagnetic spectrum. We measured propagation losses as low as 1.75 ± 0.32 dB/cm in a 200 nm × 900 nm section of the waveguide core. All processes being mass-production compatible, this study opens a path towards easier integrated-component manufacture.

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Yahaya, Bashir, Sudin Izman, Mohamed Konneh, and Norizah Redzuan. "Microwave Hybrid Heating of Materials Using Susceptors - A Brief Review." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.426.

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This article discusses the fundamentals and benefits of microwave hybrid heating. High dielectric loss materials can be processed using direct microwave heating, whereas low dielectric loss materials can only be process using microwave through microwave hybrid heating. It was shown that it is possible to virtually process any type of materials via microwave hybrid heating. Microwave hybrid heating offers faster heating rate than direct microwave heating. It reduces the problem of thermal runaway experience in direct microwave heating of high dielectric loss materials. The two basic types of microwave hybrid heating techniques were discussed with emphasis on the use of susceptor. Microwave hybrid heating using susceptor offers the advantage of using single energy source.

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Elder, R. J., W. N. B. Macleod, D. J. Reid, and R. L. Gillespie. "Growth and yield of 3 hybrid papayas (Carica papaya L.) under mulched and bare ground conditions." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99107.

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At Yarwun (151.3˚E, 23.75˚S), Australia, papaya Hybrid 29 yielded twice as much fruit as Hybrid 11 and 30% more than Hybrid 13. The plots mulched with coarse grass hay yielded 50% more fruit than the plots with bare ground. The highest yielding treatment, Hybrid 29 + mulch, averaged the equivalent of 81 t/ha.year over the 16.5-month harvest period. The yields were achieved in spite of inadequate water supply due to drought and the loss of 877 plants from 1441 plant positions (4 plants per position) due to the 3 phytoplasma diseases; dieback, yellow crinkle and mosaic. Hybrid 29 produced higher yields than the other hybrids by flowering early on shorter plants with thicker stems and setting more fruit that commenced lower down on the stem. Hybrid 13 was intermediate in size and the amount of fruit setting between Hybrid 29 and Hybrid 11 but was the slowest to flower and set fruit. Hybrid 11 had the thinnest and tallest stems, flowered at an intermediate time between the other 2 hybrids and produced fewer flowers and fruit resulting in the lowest yield. Mulching increased stem height and thickness, promoted earlier flowering and increased fruit set, yield and average fruit weight

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Lima, Paula Aparecida Muniz de, José Henrique Soler Guilhen, Khétrin Silva Maciel, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre, Adésio Ferreira, and José Carlos Lopes. "Physiological quality of ‘BRS’ passion fruit seeds grown at different altitudes and storage environments." Comunicata Scientiae 14 (September 30, 2023): e3993. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3993.

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The aim of this work was to study the physiological quality of ‘BRS’ passion fruit seeds grown at different altitudes stored in cold chamber and in natural environment for six months. Hybrid passion fruit seeds (BRS Gigante Amarelo, BRS Sol do Cerrado and BRS Rubi do Cerrado) grown at three altitudes (104; 711; 1016 meters) in the southern region of the state of Espírito Santo were used. Germination was carried out in germitest paper rolls, placed in BOD-type germination chambers at temperature of 20-30 ºC. The following parameters were analyzed: germination, germination speed index, shoot and root length and dry mass of seedlings. The experimental design used was completely randomized in a factorial scheme with split plot in time 4x(3x3) (four bimonthly analyses x three hybrids x three altitudes), with two independent storage environments and three replicates of 100 seeds. Hybrid Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa seeds can be stored in natural environment or cold chamber. Hybrid yellow passion fruit seeds grown at altitudes of 104 and 711 meters show higher germination and vigor percentages. Hybrid ‘Gigante Amarelo’ seeds had lower averages for variables under study, regardless of altitude. Hybrid ‘Rubi do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitude of 1016 meters and hybrid ‘Sol do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitudes of 104 and 711 meters have higher germination and vigor percentages and can be stored for 180 days in natural environment or cold chamber without viability loss. Flavicarpa can be stored in natural environment or cold chamber. Hybrid yellow passion fruit seeds grown at altitudes of 104 and 711 meters show higher germination and vigor percentages. Hybrid ‘Gigante Amarelo’ seeds had lower averages for variables under study, regardless of altitude. Hybrid ‘Rubi do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitude of 1016 meters and hybrid ‘Sol do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitudes of 104 and 711 meters have higher germination and vigor percentages and can be stored for 180 days in natural environment or cold chamber without viability loss. Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa can be stored in natural environment or cold chamber. Hybrid yellow passion fruit seeds grown at altitudes of 104 and 711 meters show higher germination and vigor percentages. Hybrid ‘Gigante Amarelo’ seeds had lower averages for variables under study, regardless of altitude. Hybrid ‘Rubi do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitude of 1016 meters and hybrid ‘Sol do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitudes of 104 and 711 meters have higher germination and vigor percentages and can be stored for 180 days in natural environment or cold chamber without viability loss. Hybrid ‘Gigante Amarelo’ seeds had lower averages for variables under study, regardless of altitude. Hybrid ‘Rubi do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitude of 1016 meters and hybrid ‘Sol do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitudes of 104 and 711 meters have higher germination and vigor percentages and can be stored for 180 days in natural environment or cold chamber without viability loss. Hybrid ‘Gigante Amarelo’ seeds had lower averages for variables under study, regardless of altitude. Hybrid ‘Rubi do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitude of 1016 meters and hybrid ‘Sol do Cerrado’ seeds grown at altitudes of 104 and 711 meters have higher germination and vigor percentages and can be stored for 180 days in natural environment or cold chamber without viability loss.

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40

Blaise, Desouza, A. Manikandan, and Rajendra Prasad. "Nitrogen Loss from Cotton (Gossyium spp.) Plants Grown on Rainfed Vertisols." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENT 7, no. 01 (April 15, 2021): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v7i01.7.

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Low recovery efficiency of nitrogen (N) is mainly attributed to the various losses from the soil after application. N loss from the plants could be substantial probably contributing to the low and inefficient use of N by the cotton cultivars belonging to the different species. However, there is limited information on the recovery efficiency, especially for the transgenic Bt cotton hybrids grown in India with surplus fertilization. In an on-going field experiment, we estimated N uptake and determined the recovery efficiency of cotton grown on a rainfed Vertisol. A difference in N uptake at peak boll formation and at final harvest was considered as the N volatilized from the cotton plant. The transgenic hybrid, ‘Ajeet-155 BGII’, had the highest N uptake followed by Upland cotton cultivar ‘Suraj’ and an Asiatic cotton cultivar ‘Phule Dhanwantary’. However, the recovery efficiency was the least with ‘Ajeet-155 BGII’ hybrid (27.2%) that also had the highest N loss from the plant (32.3-63.9 kg N/ha). Proportion of fertilizer-N lost in the transgenic cotton was >18.0% as compared to 3.6% for ‘Phule Dhanwantary’ and 10.5% for the cultivar Suraj. Among the species, Asiatic cotton (G. arboreum) had higher recovery efficiency of N and lower N loss from cotton plants than the Upland cotton (G. hirsutum) cultivar (Suraj) and transgenic Bt hybrid (Ajeet- 155 BGII). Growing Asiatic cotton would have the potential to reduce environmental damage and contribute to a cleaner cotton-based production system. Taking into account the plant N loss from plants could be used as one of the important criteria for improving use efficiency and also to calculate an accurate N balance sheet.

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Liao, Jugou, Jingwen Zhang, Xuemei Wei, Yongzhi Niu, Wenlong Suo, Yunye Zheng, Wenguang Ma, and Suiyun Chen. "Cytological abnormalities during pollen development in interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 12 (2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20155.

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Nicotiana alata is resistant to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and of great value in breeding. However, hybrid sterility constrains the application of interspecific genetic resources. Previously, we obtained interspecific hybrids between a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of Nicotiana tabacum and N. alata, some of which were pollen sterile. In the present research, we studied the cytological abnormalities during pollen development in sterile hybrids (F1-D) by comparing pollen development with that in fertile hybrids (F1-S) from the same cross. Transmission electron microscopy and DiI staining showed that the membrane structures of microspores and pollen in F1-D sterile hybrids were impaired. Carbol fuchsin staining revealed that cytomixis, chromosome loss and asymmetric callose wall formation occurred with high frequency in the microsporocytes and microspores of the sterile hybrids. The cytoplasm and nucleus were lost in the microspores and pollen of sterile hybrids, leading to mature pollen grains that were vacuous and collapsed in the aperture region. In addition, delayed tapetum degradation was detected in the anther of sterile hybrids, and sporopollenin was deposited in the aperture region. Impaired membrane structures of microspores and pollen in F1-D sterile hybrids affected the integrity of the cells, and might be associated with chromosome, nuclear and cytoplasm loss, vacuous pollen, and sterility in F1-D hybrids. Abnormal tapetum degradation in the anther and irregular sporopollenin deposition in the pollen wall of the F1-D sterile hybrids might also be related to the pollen sterility. This study deepens our understanding of the cytological mechanisms of hybrid sterility, and may facilitate the application of TSWV-resistant resources in cultivated Nicotiana species through hybrid fertility restoration and backcross breeding.

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Hesami, Morteza, Ali Bakhshi, Sheyda Mousavi, Kumars Rouzbehi, and Juan Manuel Escaño. "HVDC Breaker Power Loss Reduction by Bridge-Type Hybrid Breakers." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061526.

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Several types of high voltage direct current (HVDC) breakers have been introduced and commercialized. Each of them has advantages and disadvantages. Among them, the hybrid HVDC breaker is highly successful. One of the most important concerns that the hybrid HVDC breaker has faced is high power loss throughout its fault current breaking process. The hybrid HVDC breaker comprises a high voltage bidirectional main HVDC breaker. A significant number of electronic switches need to be connected in a series where anti-parallel diodes are essentially embraced. During fault inception, a number of series solid-state switches and a number of series diodes dramatically increase the power loss of the main breaker. This study, firstly, studies the power loss of the hybrid HVDC breaker and later develops a structure of a full-bridge hybrid breaker (FBHB) to reduce the losses of the current structure both in the normal and fault protection states. In this paper simulations are done based on PSCAD. In addition to the analytical study and simulations, we show that the developed structure substantially decreases the amount of power lost during the normal operation and fault current breaking stage.

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Shimada, Toru, Carmine Carmicino, and Arif Karabeyoglu. "Special Issue “Hybrid Rocket (Volume II)”." Aerospace 9, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9050233.

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G M, Sandeep Kumar, Sriram S, Laxman R H, and Harshita K N. "Tomato late blight yield loss assessment and risk aversion with resistant hybrid." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v17i2.1105.

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Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is one of the devastating diseases of tomato worldwide. Field trial was carried out in Kharif 2019 and 2020 in Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, to estimate yield loss due to late blight and to assess extent of protection in resistant genotype during late blight epiphytotics. Yield loss was calculated as per cent difference in yield between fungicides treated and unprotected plots in three F1 hybrids NS501, Arka Rakshak, both susceptible genotypes and Arka Abhed, a resistant genotype. Over two years, average yield loss due to late blight was 79.47 per cent in NS501, 75.53 per cent in Arka Rakshak and 12.84 per cent in Arka Abhed. With lower mean AUDPC values (147.22 in 2019 and 469.17 in 2020) and with low yield loss, Arka Abhed provided affordable protection against late blight. Our findings indicate late blight as an economically important peril to be considered for tomato yield loss coverage under insurance scheme in Bengaluru region. Arka Abhed hybrid can be cultivated to avert yield loss risk associated with late blight epiphytotics.

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Zimmer, Anjali D., and Douglas Koshland. "Differential roles of the RNases H in preventing chromosome instability." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 43 (October 10, 2016): 12220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613448113.

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DNA:RNA hybrids can lead to DNA damage and genome instability. This damage can be prevented by degradation of the RNA in the hybrid by two evolutionarily conserved enzymes, RNase H1 and H2. Indeed, RNase H-deficient cells have increased chromosomal rearrangements. However, the quantitative and spatial contributions of the individual enzymes to hybrid removal have been unclear. Additionally, RNase H2 can remove single ribonucleotides misincorporated into DNA during replication. The relative contribution of DNA:RNA hybrids and misincorporated ribonucleotides to chromosome instability also was uncertain. To address these issues, we studied the frequency and location of loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) events on chromosome III in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that were defective for RNase H1, H2, or both. We showed that RNase H2 plays the major role in preventing chromosome III instability through its hybrid-removal activity. Furthermore, RNase H2 acts pervasively at many hybrids along the chromosome. In contrast, RNase H1 acts to prevent LOH within a small region of chromosome III where the instability is dependent upon two hybrid-prone sequences. This restriction of RNase H1 activity to a subset of hybrids is not the result of its constrained localization, because we found it at hybrids genome-wide. This result suggests that the genome-protection activity of RNase H1 is regulated at a step after hybrid recognition. The global function of RNase H2 and the region-specific function of RNase H1 provide insight into why these enzymes with overlapping hybrid-removal activities have been conserved throughout evolution.

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46

Tabaković, Marijneka, Dobrivoj Poštić, Ivana Živković, Ratibor Štrbanović, Ljubiša Kolarić, Mile Sečanski, Rade Stanisavljević, and Violeta Oro. "Dynamics of moisture release from maize husks as a function of crop density." Journal on Processing and Energy in Agriculture 28, no. 1 (2024): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jpea28-49481.

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Maize husk mass affects the dynamics of maize kernel moisture release as well as the yield and harvest timing of maize. The aim of this study was to observe the dynamics of moisture release in maize husks depending on the sowing density technology used. At the Zemun Polje location, a trail was established with three hybrids (H1-ZP 4708, H2-ZP4242, H3-ZP4790) in three densities (G1-40,816, G2-69,689, G3-89,286). During the vegetation period, 15 days after fertilization, four samples (V1-V4) were taken to determine the fresh and dry weight of the husk. The leaves were dried in an oven at 60°C for 12 hours. The effect of the genotype was reflected in the different mass of the maize husks and the dynamics of moisture loss. It was most pronounced in hybrid ZP 4242, which had the highest moisture loss between V1 and V4 samples at 9.86 %. It is also the hybrid with the highest fresh mass of leaves, 88.71 g. The dynamics of mass reduction, i.e. moisture loss, was linear in all hybrids, except for the exceptions by ZP 4242. The effects of sowing density and genotype on the moisture release of the maize husks and thus the maize kernel lead to an optimal harvest and a reduction in the risk of yield loss.

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Comeault, Aaron A., and Daniel R. Matute. "Genetic divergence and the number of hybridizing species affect the path to homoploid hybrid speciation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 39 (September 12, 2018): 9761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809685115.

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Hybridization is often maladaptive and in some instances has led to the loss of biodiversity. However, hybridization can also promote speciation, such as during homoploid hybrid speciation, thereby generating biodiversity. Despite examples of homoploid hybrid species, the importance of hybridization as a speciation mechanism is still widely debated, and we lack a general understanding of the conditions most likely to generate homoploid hybrid species. Here we show that the level of genetic divergence between hybridizing species has a large effect on the probability that their hybrids evolve reproductive isolation. We find that populations of hybrids formed by parental species with intermediate levels of divergence were more likely to mate assortatively, and discriminate against their parental species, than those generated from weakly or strongly diverged parental species. Reproductive isolation was also found between hybrid populations, suggesting differential sorting of parental traits across populations. Finally, hybrid populations derived from three species were more likely to evolve reproductive isolation than those derived from two species, supporting arguments that hybridization-supplied genetic diversity can lead to the evolution of novel “adaptive systems” and promote speciation. Our results illustrate when we expect hybridization and admixture to promote hybrid speciation. Whether homoploid hybrid speciation is a common speciation mechanism in general remains an outstanding empirical question.

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Kotov, Alexei A., Vladimir E. Adashev, Ilia A. Kombarov, Sergei S. Bazylev, Aleksei S. Shatskikh, and Ludmila V. Olenina. "Molecular Insights into Female Hybrid Sterility in Interspecific Crosses between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 11 (May 23, 2024): 5681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115681.

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Species of the genus Drosophila have served as favorite models in speciation studies; however, genetic factors of interspecific reproductive incompatibility are under-investigated. Here, we performed an analysis of hybrid female sterility by crossing Drosophila melanogaster females and Drosophila simulans males. Using transcriptomic data analysis and molecular, cellular, and genetic approaches, we analyzed differential gene expression, transposable element (TE) activity, piRNA biogenesis, and functional defects of oogenesis in hybrids. Premature germline stem cell loss was the most prominent defect of oogenesis in hybrid ovaries. Because of the differential expression of genes encoding piRNA pathway components, rhino and deadlock, the functional RDCmel complex in hybrid ovaries was not assembled. However, the activity of the RDCsim complex was maintained in hybrids independent of the genomic origin of piRNA clusters. Despite the identification of a cohort of overexpressed TEs in hybrid ovaries, we found no evidence that their activity can be considered the main cause of hybrid sterility. We revealed a complicated pattern of Vasa protein expression in the hybrid germline, including partial AT-chX piRNA targeting of the vasasim allele and a significant zygotic delay in vasamel expression. We arrived at the conclusion that the hybrid sterility phenotype was caused by intricate multi-locus differences between the species.

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Masofa, Ima, Irwan Sumarsono, and Abu Fanani. "HYBRID LEARNING IN SELECTED JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL: IS IT A SOLUTION FOR EFL LEARNING LOSS?" Lingua Scientia 30, no. 1 (June 25, 2023): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ls.v30i1.59658.

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The use of hybrid learning in junior high school English as a Foreign Language classes can be a combination of teaching and learning strategies and a remedy for learning loss. Since MO365 is an application for the online final tests in 2020 without hybrid learning and in 2021 with hybrid learning, where the teacher uses hybrid learning that she uses online and limited offline learning, this paper aims to explore the implementation of hybrid learning in English final tests. It focuses on the similarities and differences in responses of two final tests in junior high school in second grade using MO365. The study's findings can be summarized as follows; (1) To get different results on the two final online English tests in MO365, which are 68, 4 without hybrid learning, and 90.1, with hybrid learning. (2) In 2020 without hybrid learning, eighth-grade students experience learning loss due to the Covid 19 Pandemic, whereas students in the same grade in 2021 with hybrid learning achieve better scores 90.1 than those in the same grade in 2020 without hybrid learning 68.4 because their school only offers a small amount of offline learning. This study can be utilized as a guide and a solution by teachers to enhance hybrid learning, which will help students learn the subject more easily and more conveniently by integrating online and offline learning. Keywords: hybrid learning, final test, MO365, learning loss, pandemic

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Grebelnyi, Sergey D. "Loss of allelic diversity in species of hybrid origin." Ecological genetics 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2009): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ecogen7247-49.

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Species of hybrid origin support their population as a rule by cloning. Switching over of any bisexual organism to propagation by means of parthenogenesis, gynogenesis, androgenesis (or other kind of apomictic reproduction without regular recombination, which usually accompanies change of generations in bisexual species) leads to rapid decrease of genetic polymorphism. Long-term cloning transforms the polymorphic population or entire species into a mixture of only a few clones, composed of genetically identical individuals. owing to selection in favour of heterozygotes or due to hybrid origin, natural clonal populations commonly are of high heterozygosity. Selection, genotypic uniformity and high heterozygosity often give to clonal race or species selective advantages, but at the same time they inevitably result in loss of most of alleles. Inasmuch as new forms, reproductively isolated from parental species, are products of hybridization of only a small number of individuals, which succeed in overcome the interspecies barrier, the hybridization itself also plays role of a very narrow bottle neck. The well established opinion that recombination and allelic diversity are necessary conditions for successful evolution on the basis of gene frequency changes, comes now into contradiction with the available data concerning the polyploid and, probably, hybrid origin of many groups of flowering plants and vertebrate animals.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hybrid Loss'

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