Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hybrid fitness

Academic literature on the topic 'Hybrid fitness'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Hybrid fitness"

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Moore, William S., and Walter D. Koenig. "Comparative Reproductive Success of Yellow-Shafted, Red-Shafted, and Hybrid Flickers across a Hybrid Zone." Auk 103, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/103.1.42.

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Abstract Alternative hypotheses of hybrid zones make specific predictions about reproductive components of fitness in the hybrids. The dynamic-equilibrium and reinforcement hypotheses are premised on reduced hybrid fitness, which should be apparent as reduced clutch or brood size or as increased embryonic mortality. The hybrid-superiority and introgression hypotheses predict normal clutch and brood size and embryonic mortality. Reproductive success was measured at four study sites on a transect across the hybrid zone between the Yellow- (Colaptes auratus auratus) and Red-shafted (C. a. cafer) subspecies of the Northern Flicker. Two additional clutch size samples representing pure Yellow- and Red-shafted flickers were obtained from museum egg collections. Mean clutch size did not differ significantly among the six samples. Factorial ANOVAs showed that early clutches and broods are larger than late clutches and broods, but no significant difference was detected between hybrid and parental study sites. Analyses of the effect of phenotype (yellow-shafted, red-shafted, hybrid) also suggest that neither clutch size nor brood size is affected, with the exception that hybrid males sired significantly smaller broods. Finally, there were no significant effects of type of cross (red-shafted male × hybrid female, etc.) on the ratio brood-size/clutch-size. The only evidence for reduced hybrid fitness was in the test where males with hybrid phenotypes appear to have sired small broods. This may indicate that abnormal behavior of hybrid males affects female fecundity, but it is also plausible that this marginally significant result is a type I statistical error. The overall lack of evidence for reduced hybrid fitness is inconsistent with either the dynamic-equilibrium or reinforcement models. Of the two remaining alternatives, the bounded hybrid-superiority model appears the more likely explanation of the Northern Flicker hybrid zone because earlier work (Moore and Buchanan 1985) showed that the hybrid zone is not becoming broader, as predicted by the introgression model.
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Natcheva, Rayna, and Nils Cronberg. "What do we know about hybridization among bryophytes in nature?" Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1687–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b04-139.

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Despite being recognized as a widespread and evolutionary important phenomenon among vascular plants, interspecific hybridization among bryophytes has been strongly underestimated. In the present review, we summarize knowledge about bryophyte hybrids that are found in nature. Mechanisms of reproductive isolation in bryophytes are compared with those in vascular plants. The morphological and genetic features of sporophytic hybrids and their gametophytic progeny are discussed, as well as some inferences about hybrid fitness. The data available indicate that spontaneous hybridization among bryophytes is not uncommon and has an important, though still not completely understood, evolutionary significance. The existence of many allopolyploid taxa supports this conclusion. Finally we suggest some methods for further investigation of hybridization among bryophytes in nature.Key words: hybridization, bryophytes, isolating mechanisms, evolution, hybrid fitness, hybrid features.
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Power, Jeffrey J., Fernanda Pinheiro, Simone Pompei, Viera Kovacova, Melih Yüksel, Isabel Rathmann, Mona Förster, Michael Lässig, and Berenike Maier. "Adaptive evolution of hybrid bacteria by horizontal gene transfer." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 10 (March 1, 2021): e2007873118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007873118.

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an important factor in bacterial evolution that can act across species boundaries. Yet, we know little about rate and genomic targets of cross-lineage gene transfer and about its effects on the recipient organism's physiology and fitness. Here, we address these questions in a parallel evolution experiment with two Bacillus subtilis lineages of 7% sequence divergence. We observe rapid evolution of hybrid organisms: gene transfer swaps ∼12% of the core genome in just 200 generations, and 60% of core genes are replaced in at least one population. By genomics, transcriptomics, fitness assays, and statistical modeling, we show that transfer generates adaptive evolution and functional alterations in hybrids. Specifically, our experiments reveal a strong, repeatable fitness increase of evolved populations in the stationary growth phase. By genomic analysis of the transfer statistics across replicate populations, we infer that selection on HGT has a broad genetic basis: 40% of the observed transfers are adaptive. At the level of functional gene networks, we find signatures of negative, positive, and epistatic selection, consistent with hybrid incompatibilities and adaptive evolution of network functions. Our results suggest that gene transfer navigates a complex cross-lineage fitness landscape, bridging epistatic barriers along multiple high-fitness paths.
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Arnold, Michael L., and Noland H. Martin. "Hybrid fitness across time and habitats." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25, no. 9 (September 2010): 530–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.06.005.

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Wolinska, Justyna, Barbara Keller, Kerstin Bittner, Sandra Lass, and Piet Spaak. "Do parasites lower Daphnia hybrid fitness?" Limnology and Oceanography 49, no. 4part2 (January 31, 2004): 1401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.4_part_2.1401.

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Wool, David, and Orna Bergerson. "Random environmental variation and inbreeding: effects on pure-strain and hybrid populations of flour beetles (Tribolium)." Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 28, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g86-124.

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The effect of inbreeding and of random environmental variation on fitness characters was studied in small populations derived from 10 inbred laboratory strains of Tribolium castaneum (I) and in 18 hybrids (IH) populations, obtained by crossing six mutant to three wild-type strains. Replicate population of each type were held in a constant (C) and a randomly varying (V) environment. Each replicate population was founded by a single pair of adults and one pair of sibs founded each subsequent generation. Thus four groups of inbreeding populations were created: IC, IV, IHC, and IHV. Outbred hybrid populations were held in the varying environment (OV). Several fitness characters were measured. The results confirmed that inbreeding populations exposed to random environmental variation had lower fitness than similar populations in the constant environment populations, as expected (IHC > IHV, IC > IV for each fitness trait). The environmental stress did not result in selection for individuals with higher fitness. In the hybrid populations, consistent and significant differences in fitness between populations having different wild-type (female) ancestors persisted for several generations. No such differences were found among populations grouped by their mutant ancestor. Within each environment, inbreeding had a pronounced effect on fitness. The order of magnitude of the fitness characters was IHC > IC, OV > IHV > IV, parallel to the level of inbreeding. Directional changes in relative (rank) magnitude of fitness characters among populations suggested that their genetic composition was changing temporally.Key words: Tribolium, selection, fitness, inbreedig, population.
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Gramlich, Susanne, and Elvira Hörandl. "Fitness of natural willow hybrids in a pioneer mosaic hybrid zone." Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 21 (October 5, 2016): 7645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2470.

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Li, Meng Jian, and Wei Dong Geng. "Evaluation Fitness of Footwear Using Hybrid Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 462-463 (November 2013): 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.462-463.1055.

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This research is trying to develop a process for identifying comfortable shoe last for human feet. A hybrid of geometric model and physics based model is proposed to simulate the procedure of fitting foot into footwear. The system implemented is able to construct all meaningful slicing planes used in footwear industry. And all kinds of dimensions are measured for fitness check, especially the most important three girth of human feet and shoe last, i.e., ball girth, waist girth, and instep girth. Quantified Fitness range, known as dimensional difference (DD), is updated according to positive and negative samples. Result shows that comparing with geometric based method, our method significantly improves the percentage of comfortable shoes among all shoes that are guided by former fitness evaluation method.
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Dybdahl, Mark F., Jukka Jokela, Lynda F. Delph, Britt Koskella, and Curtis M. Lively. "Hybrid Fitness in a Locally Adapted Parasite." American Naturalist 172, no. 6 (December 2008): 772–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/592866.

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Dagilis, Andrius J., Mark Kirkpatrick, and Daniel I. Bolnick. "The evolution of hybrid fitness during speciation." PLOS Genetics 15, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): e1008125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008125.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hybrid fitness"

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Tour, Samir R. "Parallel Hybrid Clustering using Genetic Programming and Multi-Objective Fitness with Density(PYRAMID)." NSUWorks, 2006. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/886.

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Clustering is the art of locating patterns in large data sets. It is an active research area that provides value to scientific as well as business applications. There are some challenges that face practical clustering including: identifying clusters of arbitrary shapes, sensitivity to the order of input, dynamic determination of the number of clusters, outlier handling, high dependency on user-defined parameters, processing speed of massive data sets, and the potential to fall into sub-optimal solutions. Many studies that were conducted in the realm of clustering have addressed some of these challenges. This study proposes a new approach, called parallel hybrid clustering using genetic programming and multi-objective fitness with density (PYRAMID), that tackles several of these challenges from a different perspective. PYRAMID employs genetic programming to represent arbitrary cluster shapes and circumvent falling in local optima. It accommodates large data sets and avoids dependency on the order of input by quantizing the data space, i.e., the space on which the data set resides, thus abstracting it into hyper-rectangular cells and creating genetic programming individuals as concatenations of these cells. Thus the cells become the subject of clustering, rather than the data points themselves. PYRAMID also utilizes a density-based multi-objective fitness function to handle outliers. It gathers statistics in a pre-processing step and uses them so not to rely on user-defined parameters. Finally, PYRAMID employs data parallelism in a master-slave model in an attempt to cure the inherent slow performance of evolutionary algorithms and provide speedup. A master processor distributes the clustering data evenly onto multiple slave processors. The slave processors conduct the clustering on their local data sets and report their clustering results back to the master, which consolidates them by merging the partial results into a final clustering solution. This last step also involves determining the number of clusters dynamically and labeling them accordingly. Experiments have demonstrated that, using these features, PYRAMID offers an advantage over some of the existing approaches by tackling the clustering challenges from a different angle.
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Holleley, Clare Ellen Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Testing hypotheses in molecular ecology: genetic exchange and hybrid performance." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43361.

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Population structure, gene flow and dispersal are some of the most commonly estimated population parameters in population genetics, evolutionary biology and conservation genetics. The primary aim of thesis is to test the precision and accuracy of genetic estimates of population structure, gene flow and dispersal. The controlled replicated Drosophila melanogaster experiments of known effective population size (Ne = 14.3) and dispersal rate (m = 0.0025 - 0.04) all adhered to Wright??s demographic island model. Three statistical approaches were empirically tested: 1) the conversion of population structure to gene flow using FST, RST, SHUA and PhiST ; 2) the private alleles method to estimate gene flow; 3) a Bayesian assignment method to estimate dispersal (BAYESASS 1.2). Even in the best-case scenario, almost all current methods except SHUA significantly underestimate population structure, and consequently overestimate gene flow and dispersal when applied to real populations. It was crucial to ensure that the manipulated rate of gene flow was correctly defined. This led to three supporting investigations of hybrid performance, inversion polymorphisms and effective population size. The hybrid performance investigation demonstrated that the manipulated rate of gene flow had not been unexpectedly inflated by hybrid vigour or reduced by breakdown. These experiments also demonstrated that close inbreeding is not a necessary precondition for hybrid vigour or breakdown, which is important for conservation strategies involving induced dispersal. The investigation of inversion polymorphisms ensured that the manipulated rate of gene flow was not affected by selection on inverted regions. The effective population size investigation used a temporal estimation method to confirm that the Ne was accurately predicted by an N:Ne ratio of 0.286. Additionally this experiment showed that the single-sample estimation methods implemented by ONeSAMP or LDNE resulted in downwardly biased estimates of Ne in structured populations. In conclusion these results call into question the confidence that biologists may have in some of the most widely used molecular tools in conservation biology.
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Parris, Matthew James. "Analysis of fitness determinants in an anuran hybrid zone (Rana blairi and Rana sphenocephala) : the evolutionary potential of natural hybridization /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953888.

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Mosesson, Marcus. "Korean Bodybuilding : Cultural Hybrid or Instance of Cultural Homogenization?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för Asien-, Mellanöstern- och Turkietstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-157588.

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This study deals with the trend of male bodybuilding in Korea and investigates the motivations and aesthetic ideals of Korean male bodybuilders. The author of the study uses the few hitherto academic research works on the subject and tries to give an overview of the history of Korean bodybuilding. Besides, the author has conducted a digital survey in order to collect answers from Korean male bodybuilders about their motivations, aesthetic ideals, etc. The aesthetic ideals of the bodybuilders are then compared to the male aesthetic ideals of modern Korean society and also discussed in relation to the somatic beliefs of NeoConfucianism. The findings are thereafter analyzed in context of two theses of the cultural consequences of globalization, namely homogenization and hybridization. The study concludes that Korean bodybuilders are more concerned with the arduous process of sculpting their physiques rather than the look of them themselves. Although the research material on Korean bodybuilding is scarce and the responses to the conducted survey are small in terms of both numbers and scale, it may be suggested that Korean bodybuilding appears to be an instance of the hybridization thesis. Lastly, the study emphasizes the need for more extensive research on the subject in question.
Denna studie behandlar ämnet koreansk bodybuilding för män och undersöker dels vad som motiverar koreanska kroppsbyggare att utöva sin sport, dels vad deras estetiska ideal är. Studiens författare använder sig av den begränsade befintliga forskningen inom ämnet och försöker även ge en överblick över koreansk bodybuildings historia. Författaren har dessutom utfört en digital undersökning för att samla in svar från koreanska kroppsbyggare om deras drivkrafter, estetiska ideal, etc. Dessa ideal jämförs sedan med det moderna koreanska samhällets motsvarigheter och diskuteras även utifrån de somatiska föreställningarna inom neokonfucianismen. Studiens forskningsresultat analyseras sedan utifrån två teorier om globaliseringens kulturella konsekvenser, närmare bestämt homogenisering respektive hybridisering. Trots det knappa forskningsmaterialet kring koreansk bodybuilding är studiens slutsats att koreanska kroppsbyggare är mer måna om den mödosamma processen i att bygga sina kroppar, snarare än hur dessa ser ut i sig själva. Studien suggererar också att koreansk bodybuilding verkar vara ett exempel på hybridiseringsteorin. Slutligen betonar studien behovet av mer utförlig forskning kring ämnet i fråga.
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Myburg, Alexander Andrew. "Genetic Architecture of Hybrid Fitness and Wood Quality Traits in a Wide Interspecific Cross of Eucalyptus Tree Species." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/etd/public/etd-23521723610112031/etd.pdf.

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Svedin, Nina. "Natural and Sexual Selection in a Natural Hybrid Zone of Ficedula Flycatchers." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7372.

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Cai, Xinye. "A multi-objective GP-PSO hybrid algorithm for gene regulatory network modeling." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1492.

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Wiley, Chris. "Speciation - What Can be Learned from a Flycatcher Hybrid Zone?" Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7358.

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Stacha, Radek. "Optimalizace kogeneračního systému." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231502.

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Master thesis is focused on optimization of cogeneration system for purpose of rating optimization methods and evaluating properties of these methods. For each method there is description together with block schemes. First part of thesis is devoted to description of methods and their comparison. Second part consists of development of hybrid algorithm, which is used to optimize cogeneration systém model. Each algorithm compared is together with hybrid algorithms included in annexes.
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SILVA, David Augusto. "Otimização da função de fitness para a evolução de redes neurais com o uso de análise envoltória de dados aplicada à previsão de séries temporais." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2011. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4875.

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Submitted by (ana.araujo@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-28T16:05:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 David Augusto Silva.pdf: 1453777 bytes, checksum: 4516b869e7e749b770a803eb7e91a084 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-28T16:05:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 David Augusto Silva.pdf: 1453777 bytes, checksum: 4516b869e7e749b770a803eb7e91a084 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01
The techniques for Time Series Analysis and Forecasting have great presence on the literature over the years. The computational resources combined with statistical techniques are improving the predictive results, and these results have been become increasingly accurate. Computational methods base on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Evolutionary Computing (EC) are presenting a new approach to solve the Time Series Analysis and Forecasting problem. These computational methods are contained in the branch of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and they are biologically inspired, where the ANN models are based on the neural structure of intelligent organism, and the EC uses the concept of nature selection of Charles Darwin. Both methods acquire experience from prior knowledge and example of the given problem. In particular, for the Time Series Forecasting Problem, the objective is to find the predictive model with highest forecast perfomance, where the performance measure are statistical errors. However, there is no universal criterion to identify the best performance measure. Since the ANNs are the predictive models, the EC will constantly evaluate the forecast performance of the ANNs, using a fitness functions to guide the predictive model for an optimal solution. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was employed to predictive determine the best combination of variables based on the relative efficiency of the best models. Therefore, this work to study the optimization Fitness Function process with Data Envelopment Analysis applied the Intelligence Hybrid System for time series forecasting problem. The data analyzed are composed by financial data series, agribusiness and natural phenomena. The C language program was employed for implementation of the hybrid intelligent system and the R Environment version 2.12 for analysis of DEA models. In general, the perspective of using DEA procedure to evaluate the fitness functions were satisfactory and serves as an additional resource in the branch of time series forecasting. Researchers need to compute the results under different perspectives, whether in the matter of the computational cost of implementing a particular function or which function was more efficient in the aspect of assessing which combinations are unwanted saving time and resources.
As técnicas de análise e previsão de séries temporais alcançaram uma posição de distinção na literatura ao longo dos anos. A utilização de recursos computacionais, combinada com técnicas estatísticas, apresenta resultados mais precisos quando comparados com os recursos separadamente. Em particular, técnicas que usam Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) e Computação Evolutiva (CE), apresenta uma posição de destaque na resolução de problemas de previsão na análise de séries temporais. Estas técnicas de Inteligência Artificial (AI) são inspiradas biologicamente, no qual o modelo de RNA é baseado na estrutura neural de organismos inteligentes, que adquirem conhecimento através da experiência. Para o problema de previsão em séries temporais, um fator importante para o maior desempenho na previsão é encontrar um método preditivo com a melhor acurácia possível, tanto quanto possível, no qual o desempenho do método pode ser analisado através de erros de previsão. Entretanto, não existe um critério universal para identificar qual a melhor medida de desempenho a ser utilizada para a caracterização da previsão. Uma vez que as RNAs são os modelos de previsão, a CE constantemente avaliará o desempenho de previsão das RNAs, usando uma função de fitness para guiar o modelo preditivo para uma solução ótima. Desejando verificar quais critérios seriam mais eficientes no momento de escolher o melhor modelo preditivo, a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) é aplicada para fornecer a melhor combinação de variáveis visando a otimização do modelo. Portanto, nesta dissertação, foi estudado o processo de otimização de Funções de Fitness através do uso da Análise Envoltória de Dados utilizando-se de técnicas hibridas de Inteligência Artificial aplicadas a área de previsão de séries temporais. O banco de dados utilizado foi obtido de séries históricas econômico- financeiras, fenômenos naturais e agronegócios obtidos em diferentes órgãos específicos de cada área. Quanto à parte operacional, utilizou-se a linguagem de programação C para implementação do sistema híbrido inteligente e o ambiente R versão 2.12 para a análise dos modelos DEA. Em geral, a perspectiva do uso da DEA para avaliar as Funções de Fitness foi satisfatório e serve como recurso adicional na área de previsão de séries temporais. Cabe ao pesquisador, avaliar os resultados sob diferentes óticas, quer seja sob a questão do custo computacional de implementar uma determinada Função que foi mais eficiente ou sob o aspecto de avaliar quais combinações não são desejadas poupando tempo e recursos.
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Books on the topic "Hybrid fitness"

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Birch, Jonathan. Hamilton’s Rule as an Organizing Framework. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733058.003.0002.

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Queller’s version of Hamilton’s rule (HRG), derived from the Price equation, states that the mean breeding value for a social character increases if and only if rb > c, where r is the coefficient of relatedness between social partners, b is the benefit conferred on recipients, and c is the cost incurred by actors. The value of HRG lies in its ability to provide an organizing framework for social evolution theory, helping us to interpret, classify, and compare more detailed models of particular scenarios. HRG does this by allowing us to classify causal explanations of positive change by their commitments regarding the sign of rb and c. This leads to a four-part taxonomy of explanations, comprising indirect fitness explanations, direct fitness explanations, hybrid explanations, and wholly or partially non-selective explanations. There are plausible instances of all four categories in the natural world.
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Book chapters on the topic "Hybrid fitness"

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Arunkumar, C., S. Ramakrishnan, and Siva Sai Dheeraj. "Genetic Algorithm Based Hybrid Attribute Selection Using Customized Fitness Function." In Computational Vision and Bio Inspired Computing, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71767-8_1.

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Qiu, Shuang, and J. Andrew Taylor. "Hybrid Functional Electrical Stimulation Exercise for Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness in SCI." In The Physiology of Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury, 269–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6664-6_14.

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Yang, Byounghak. "Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithms for the Rectilinear Steiner Tree Problem Using Fitness Estimation." In Computational Science and Its Applications - ICCSA 2006, 581–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11751595_62.

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Chira, Camelia, and Nima Hatami. "Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm with a Composite Fitness Function for Protein Structure Prediction." In Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning - IDEAL 2012, 184–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32639-4_23.

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Wang, Zihao, Zhengnan Yuan, He Xu, and Caleb Eghan. "Intelligent Private Fitness System Based on ARM and Hybrid Internet of Things." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 91–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60753-5_10.

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Lu, Bao-Rong. "Assessing environmental impact of pollen-mediated transgene flow." In Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation, 1–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0001.

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Abstract Potential environmental impact caused by pollen-mediated transgene flow from commercially cultivated genetically engineered (GE) crops to their non-GE crop counterparts and to their wild and weedy relatives has aroused tremendous biosafety concerns worldwide. This chapter provides information on the concept and classification of gene flow, the framework of the environmental biosafety assessment caused by pollen-mediated gene flow, and relevant case studies about transgene flow and its environmental impact. In general, gene flow refers to the movement of genes or genetic materials from a plant population to other populations. Crop-to- crop transgene flow at a considerable frequency may result in transgene 'contamination' of non-GE crops, causing potential food/feed biosafety problems and regional or international trade disputes. Crop-to- wild/weedy transgene flow may bring about environmental impacts, such as creating more invasive weeds, threatening local populations of wild relative species, or affecting genetic diversity of wild relatives, if the incorporated transgene can normally express in the recipient wild/weedy plants and significantly alter the fitness of the wild/weedy plants and populations. It is therefore necessary to establish a proper protocol to assess the potential environmental impacts caused by transgene flow. Three steps are important for assessing potential environment impacts of transgene flow to wild/weedy relatives: (i) to accurately measure the frequencies of transgene flow: (ii) to determine the expression level of a transgene incorporated in wild/weedy populations; and (iii) to estimate the fitness effect (benefit or cost) conferred by expression of a transgene in wild/weedy populations. The recently reported case of non-random allele transmission into GE and non-GE hybrid lineages or experimental populations challenges the traditional method of estimating the fitness effect for the assessment of environmental impacts of transgene flow. Furthermore, case studies of transgenic mitigation (TM) strategies illustrate ways that may reduce the impacts of a transgene on wild/weedy populations if crop-to- wild/weedy transgene flow is not preventable, such as in the case of gene flow from crop rice to its co-occurring weedy rice.
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Ohara, Seiji, Admir Barolli, Phudit Ampririt, Shinji Sakamoto, Leonard Barolli, and Makoto Takizawa. "Performance Evaluation of WMN-PSODGA Hybrid Simulation System for Node Placement Problem Considering Normal Distribution and Different Fitness Functions." In Advances in Internet, Data and Web Technologies, 89–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39746-3_11.

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Liu, Lai-Pan, Kun Xue, and Biao Liu. "Monitoring gene flow from genetically modified soybean to cultivated soybean and wild soybean in China." In Gene flow: monitoring, modeling and mitigation, 71–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247480.0005.

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Abstract With the large-scale commercial planting of genetically modified (GM) crops in the world, the gene flow from GM crops to their wild relatives and its environmental risks have become a hot topic in the field of biosafety of GM organisms (GMOs). Wild soybean is one of the important plant genetic resources in China. China has not only imported a large amount of GM soybeans every year, but also started to carry out field experiments of GM soybeans with intellectual property rights; therefore, the gene flow of GM soybean to wild relatives and its influence on natural resources should be assessed before the commercial planting of GM soybean in China. In this chapter, the research progress of gene flow from GM soybean to cultivated soybean and wild soybean and the fitness of hybrid offspring are reviewed. This chapter reviews the current studies on gene flow from GM soybean and its consequences and also proposes further research topics.
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Eriksson, Roger, and Björn Olsson. "On the Behavior of Evolutionary Global-Local Hybrids with Dynamic Fitness Functions." In Parallel Problem Solving from Nature — PPSN VII, 13–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45712-7_2.

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Arnold, Michael L. "Hybrid fitness." In Evolution through Genetic Exchange, 82–108. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199229031.003.0005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hybrid fitness"

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Devarapu, Ganga Chinna Rao, Venkata Vamsi Bharadwaj Yallapragada, Fay ní Chlochasaigh, Uday Gowda, Adarsh Ananthachar, and Liam O'Faolain. "ColorX: fitness tracker-based colorimetric sensor for biochemical applications." In Organic and Hybrid Sensors and Bioelectronics XIII, edited by Ruth Shinar, Ioannis Kymissis, and Emil J. List-Kratochvil. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2568853.

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Fernandes, C. M., J. J. Merelo, and A. C. Rosa. "Tracking Extrema in Dynamic Fitness Functions with Dissortative Mating Genetic Algorithms." In 2008 8th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/his.2008.52.

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Lal, Abhishek, and C. R. S. Kumar. "Hybrid classifier for increasing accuracy of fitness data set." In 2017 2nd International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2ct.2017.8226326.

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Mani, Mayank, Manpreet Kaur, and Ajay K. Sharma. "Fitness based Enhanced Stable Election Protocol: A hybrid approach." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/conecct.2014.6740291.

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Jian, Hu, Li Zhishu, Lin Xun, Fan Yixiang, and Ou Peng. "Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimizers with a General Fitness Evaluation Strategy." In 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications (IFITA). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifita.2009.188.

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Quagliarella, Domenico, Pierluigi Iannelli, Pier Luigi Vitagliano, and Giorgio Chinnici. "Aerodynamic Shape Design Using Hybrid Evolutionary Computation and Fitness Approximation." In AIAA 1st Intelligent Systems Technical Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-6514.

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Loomba, Radhika, Thijs Metsch, Leonard Feehan, and Joe Butler. "A Hybrid Fitness-Utility Algorithm for Improved Service Chain Placement." In GLOBECOM 2018 - 2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/glocom.2018.8648033.

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Jihua Feng, Wenjuan Li, Xinling Shi, and Jianhua Chen. "A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm with Fitness Sharing Based on Rough Sets Theory." In 2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2006.1712986.

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Kawamura, Kengo, and Toshimichi Saito. "Design of switching circuits based on particle swarm optimizer and hybrid fitness function." In IECON 2010 - 36th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2010.5675523.

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Koc¸ak, Mustafa, Eduard Seib, and Afshin Motarjemi. "Improvements to the Fracture Assessment of Welds Using FITNET Fitness for Service Assessment Procedure." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67568.

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Recent developments of the advanced welding processes such as laser beam welding (LBW), solid state friction stir welding (FSW) and hybrid welding, numbers of advanced structures are being designed and constructed in industries such as aerospace, power generation, oil and gas transmission and transportation. Development of new structural aluminum and magnesium alloys as well as high strength steels provide further possibilities for the welded structures in similar and dissimilar (material-mix) configurations. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for “Fitness-for-Service” (FFS) assessment of those advanced welded structures by considering the specific features of these weld joints (such as narrow weld width, high strength mis-match, etc.). In year 1999, Structural Integrity Assessment Procedure SINTAP has been developed for analysis of flaws to avoid fracture within the European Commission funded project SINTAP. Recently, the European Community funded project FITNET in the form of a Thematic Network (TN) organisation has started to review the existing FFS procedures and develop an updated, unified and verified European FITNET FFS Procedure to cover structural integrity analysis to avoid failures due to fracture, fatigue, creep and corrosion. This new FFS Procedure has adopted the SINTAP approach for assessing of the welded structures. This paper describes the FITNET FFS weld assessment route and also aims to demonstrate suitability of weld joint assessment route of the FITNET FFS Procedure in prediction of the critical conditions of various advanced welded joints containing flaw. The welded specimens used in this work cover conventional multi-pass welded Inconel-718 turbine blade (T-joint), center cracked wide plates of electron beam welded 13% Cr supermartensitic stainless steel, laser beam welded shipbuilding C-Mn steel and aluminum alloy. The results are showing that the weld strength mismatch analysis option of the FITNET FFS is conservative and degree of conservatism is similar to the analysis options for the homogeneous materials. This provides confidence in the use of the FITNET FFS procedure for assessing of the structural significance of flaws in welded structures.
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Reports on the topic "Hybrid fitness"

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Coplin, David L., Shulamit Manulis, and Isaac Barash. roles Hrp-dependent effector proteins and hrp gene regulation as determinants of virulence and host-specificity in Erwinia stewartii and E. herbicola pvs. gypsophilae and betae. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7587216.bard.

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Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria employ specialized type-III secretion systems (TTSS) to deliver an arsenal of pathogenicity proteins directly into host cells. These secretion systems are encoded by hrp genes (for hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) and the effector proteins by so-called dsp or avr genes. The functions of effectors are to enable bacterial multiplication by damaging host cells and/or by blocking host defenses. We characterized essential hrp gene clusters in the Stewart's Wilt of maize pathogen, Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (Pnss; formerly Erwinia stewartii) and the gall-forming bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans (formerly Erwinia herbicola) pvs. gypsophilae (Pag) and betae (Pab). We proposed that the virulence and host specificity of these pathogens is a function of a) the perception of specific host signals resulting in bacterial hrp gene expression and b) the action of specialized signal proteins (i.e. Hrp effectors) delivered into the plant cell. The specific objectives of the proposal were: 1) How is the expression of the hrp and effector genes regulated in response to host cell contact and the apoplastic environment? 2) What additional effector proteins are involved in pathogenicity? 3) Do the presently known Pantoea effector proteins enter host cells? 4) What host proteins interact with these effectors? We characterized the components of the hrp regulatory cascade (HrpXY ->7 HrpS ->7 HrpL ->7 hrp promoters), showed that they are conserved in both Pnss and Fag, and discovered that the regulation of the hrpS promoter (hrpSp) may be a key point in integrating apoplastic signals. We also analyzed the promoters recognized by HrpL and demonstrated the relationship between their composition and efficiency. Moreover, we showed that promoter strength can influence disease expression. In Pnss, we found that the HrpXY two-component signal system may sense the metabolic status of the bacterium and is required for full hrp gene expression in planta. In both species, acyl-homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing may also regulate epiphytic fitness and/or pathogenicity. A common Hrp effector protein, DspE/WtsE, is conserved and required for virulence of both species. When introduced into corn cells, Pnss WtsE protein caused water-soaked lesions. In other plants, it either caused cell death or acted as an Avr determinant. Using a yeast- two-hybrid system, WtsE was shown to interact with a number of maize signal transduction proteins that are likely to have roles in either programmed cell death or disease resistance. In Pag and Pab, we have characterized the effector proteins HsvG, HsvB and PthG. HsvG and HsvB are homologous proteins that determine host specificity of Pag and Pab on gypsophila and beet, respectively. Both possess a transcriptional activation domain that functions in yeast. PthG was found to act as an Avr determinant on multiple beet species, but was required for virulence on gypsophila. In addition, we demonstrated that PthG acts within the host cell. Additional effector genes have been characterized on the pathogenicity plasmid, pPATHₚₐg, in Pag. A screen for HrpL- regulated genes in Pnsspointed up 18 candidate effector proteins and four of these were required for full virulence. It is now well established that the virulence of Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria is governed by Hrp-dependent effector proteins. However; the mode of action of many effectors is still unresolved. This BARD supported research will significantly contribute to the understanding of how Hrp effectors operate in Pantoea spp. and how they control host specificity and affect symptom production. This may lead to novel approaches for genetically engineering plants resistant to a wide range of bacterial pathogens by inactivating the Hrp effectors with "plantabodies" or modifying their receptors, thereby blocking the induction of the susceptible response. Alternatively, innovative technologies could be used to interfere with the Hrp regulatory cascade by blocking a critical step or mimicking plant or quorum sensing signals.
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Fridman, Eyal, Jianming Yu, and Rivka Elbaum. Combining diversity within Sorghum bicolor for genomic and fine mapping of intra-allelic interactions underlying heterosis. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597925.bard.

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Heterosis, the enigmatic phenomenon in which whole genome heterozygous hybrids demonstrate superior fitness compared to their homozygous parents, is the main cornerstone of modern crop plant breeding. One explanation for this non-additive inheritance of hybrids is interaction of alleles within the same locus. This proposal aims at screening, identifying and investigating heterosis trait loci (HTL) for different yield traits by implementing a novel integrated mapping approach in Sorghum bicolor as a model for other crop plants. Originally, the general goal of this research was to perform a genetic dissection of heterosis in a diallel built from a set of Sorghum bicolor inbred lines. This was conducted by implementing a novel computational algorithm which aims at associating between specific heterozygosity found among hybrids with heterotic variation for different agronomic traits. The initial goals of the research are: (i) Perform genotype by sequencing (GBS) of the founder lines (ii) To evaluate the heterotic variation found in the diallel by performing field trails and measurements in the field (iii) To perform QTL analysis for identifying heterotic trait loci (HTL) (iv) to validate candidate HTL by testing the quantitative mode of inheritance in F2 populations, and (v) To identify candidate HTL in NAM founder lines and fine map these loci by test-cross selected RIL derived from these founders. The genetic mapping was initially achieved with app. 100 SSR markers, and later the founder lines were genotyped by sequencing. In addition to the original proposed research we have added two additional populations that were utilized to further develop the HTL mapping approach; (1) A diallel of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) that was tested for heterosis of doubling time, and (2) a recombinant inbred line population of Sorghum bicolor that allowed testing in the field and in more depth the contribution of heterosis to plant height, as well as to achieve novel simulation for predicting dominant and additive effects in tightly linked loci on pseudooverdominance. There are several conclusions relevant to crop plants in general and to sorghum breeding and biology in particular: (i) heterosis for reproductive (1), vegetative (2) and metabolic phenotypes is predominantly achieved via dominance complementation. (ii) most loci that seems to be inherited as overdominant are in fact achieving superior phenotype of the heterozygous due to linkage in repulsion, namely by pseudooverdominant mechanism. Our computer simulations show that such repulsion linkage could influence QTL detection and estimation of effect in segregating populations. (iii) A new height QTL (qHT7.1) was identified near the genomic region harboring the known auxin transporter Dw3 in sorghum, and its genetic dissection in RIL population demonstrated that it affects both the upper and lower parts of the plant, whereas Dw3 affects only the part below the flag leaf. (iv) HTL mapping for grain nitrogen content in sorghum grains has identified several candidate genes that regulate this trait, including several putative nitrate transporters and a transcription factor belonging to the no-apical meristem (NAC)-like large gene family. This activity was combined with another BARD-funded project in which several de-novo mutants in this gene were identified for functional analysis.
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