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1
Ben, beldi Nesrine. "Modélisation et optimisation des systèmes complexes en conception innovante : application aux chaines de transmission hybrides." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0028.
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Dans un contexte industriel qui évolue rapidement et constamment, les constructeurs automobiles sont amenés à développer des produits qui soient en adéquation avec des demandes d'un marché international et qui respectent en même temps les contraintes réglementaires imposées. Les systèmes de chaine de transmission hybrides rentrent donc dans cette volonté des constructeurs à vouloir proposer des produits véhicules performants, à faible coût et respectant les contraintes d'émission de gaz polluants. A travers le travail effectué dans cette thèse, nous proposons une démarche de conception permettant de modéliser un système technique complexe à différents niveaux systémiques au cours du cycle de conception, de l'optimiser localement à partir des expertises métiers, de modéliser les connaissances collaboratives qui sont échangées entre les modèles métiers et d'optimiser l'espace de conception afin de converger vers une solution de conception optimale dans un contexte d'innovation ou nous partons de la feuille blanche.L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer une nouvelle façon d'aborder les problèmes de conception des systèmes complexes, qui s'adapte au contexte de conception innovante tout comme la conception routinière. Ceci afin de permettre aux entreprises telles que PSA Peugeot Citroën de pouvoir proposer des produits avec des technologies à forte rupture tout en réduisant leurs coûts et garantir leurs images de marque. Ce travail a été illustré et validé à travers les résultats obtenus dans le cadre du projet de conception de chaine de transmission hybride MTI effectué au département d'innovation de PSA Peugeot CitroënIn an industrial context that is continuously evolving and changing, automotive constructors find themselves obliged to develop their products by taking into account the requirements of an international market and the imposed regulations in this field. Hybrid powertrain systems fits into this constructor will to propose to customers efficient products that respects the regulation regarding gas emissions and presents a profitable low cost. Through the work done in this PhD, we propose a design approach that allow the modeling of a complex technical system in its different systemic levels during the design process, the local optimization done from professional expertise, the modeling of collaborative data exchanged between expert models and the optimization of the design space in order to converge towards an optimal design solution in innovative context.The aim of our work is to propose a new way of dealing with design problems related to complex systems that can be adapted to an innovative design context. This will allow companies such as PSA Peugeot Citroen to be able to diversify their products and integrated even the latest technology in it. This work has been illustrated and validated through the results obtained on the MTI project for the design of hybrid powertrain
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Morcinek, Lukáš. "Design remorkéru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254291.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is design of a tugboat. The thesis concerns designing a tugboat while meeting basic technological, ergonomic, ecologic and aesthetic requirements while using modern technologies and manufacturing options. There is an emphasis on innovative and unconventional solution, which will differ from contemporary products.
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Červený, Pavel. "Design sněžného skútru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230991.
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This thesis deals with design of snowmobile with hybrid drive. Such a kind of product is supposed to create a new category of snowmobiles in the near future, which is main motivation point. The aim is to design comprehensive product reflecting ergonomical and technological requirements. Center of focus of the project is design that brings new elegant timeless solution.
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Thauvin, Jérôme. "Exploring the design space for a hybrid-electric regional aircraft with multidisciplinary design optimisation methods." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/23607/1/Thauvin_jerome.pdf.
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Envisioned in the next 15 to 30 years in the aviation industry, hybrid-electric propulsion offers theopportunity to integrate new technology bricks providing additional degrees of freedom to improveoverall aircraft performance, limit the use of non-renewable fossil resources and reduce the aircraftenvironmental footprint. Today, hybrid-electric technology has mainly been applied to groundbased transports, cars, buses and trains, but also ships. The feasibility in the air industry has to beestablished and the improvement in aircraft performance has still to be demonstrated. This thesisaims to evaluate the energy savings enabled by electric power in the case of a 70-seat regionalaircraft. First, energy saving opportunities are identified from the analysis of the propulsion andaerodynamic efficiencies of a conventional twin turboprop aircraft. The potential benefits comingfrom the variation of the size of prime movers and the new power managements with the use ofbatteries are studied. Also, possible aerodynamic improvements enabled by new propellerintegrations are considered. For each topic, simplified analyses provide estimated potential ofenergy saving. These results are then used to select four electrified propulsion systems that arestudied in more detail in the thesis: a parallel-hybrid, a turboelectric with distributed propulsion, apartial-turboelectric with high-lift propellers and an all-electric. Evaluating the selected hybrid-electric aircraft is even more challenging that the sizing of the different components, the energymanagement strategies and the mission profiles one can imagine are many and varied. Inaddition, the overall aircraft design process and the evaluation tools need to be adaptedaccordingly. The Airbus in-house Multidisciplinary Design Optimisation platform named XMDO,which includes most of the required modifications, is eventually selected and further developedduring the thesis. For examples, new parametric component models (blown wing, electrical motor,gas turbine, propeller, etc…) are created, a generic formulation for solving the propulsion systemequilibrium is implemented, and simulation models for take-off and landing are improved. In orderto evaluate the energy efficiency of the hybrid-electric aircraft, a reference aircraft equipped with aconventional propulsion system is first optimised with XMDO. Different optimisation algorithms aretested, and the consistency of the new design method is checked. Then, all the hybrid-electricconfigurations are optimised under the same aircraft design requirements as the reference. Forthe electrical components, two levels of technology are defined regarding the service entry date ofthe aircraft. The optimisation results for the turboelectric and the partial-turboelectric are used tobetter understand the potential aerodynamic improvements identified in the first part of the thesis.Optimisations for the parallel-hybrid, including different battery recharge scenarios, highlight thebest energy management strategies when batteries are used as secondary energy sources. All theresults are finally compared to the reference in terms of fuel and energy efficiencies, for the twoelectrical technology levels. The last part of the thesis focuses on the all-electric aircraft, and aimsat identifying the minimum specific energy required for batteries as a function of the aircraft designrange. A trade study is also carried-out in accordance with the service entry date for the otherelectrical components
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Agrawal, Mukesh. "Design, Fabrication and Applications of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Systems." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1222087625808-43472.
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A simple and facile way to the fabrication of nano to micro scale organic-inorganic hybrid particles was demonstrated. A well known “template-assisted approach” was chosen for the preparation of these hybrid particles, in which the inorganic material of interest is templated against the template particles. A series of colloidal template particles including, polystyrene, poly (vinylcaprolactam) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) was used for the deposition of a variety of metal oxides/hydroxide nanoparticles. A classical surfactant free co-polymerization process was employed for the synthesis of these template particles. To facilitate the deposition of inorganic nanoparticles in subsequent steps, these colloidal particles were functionalized with the suitable functional groups. For this purpose, polystyrene particles were synthesized in the presence of acetoacetoxyethylmethacrylate (AAEM) co-monomer. Similarly, poly (vinylcaprolactam) and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) particles were functionalized by adding AAEM and acrylic acid co-monomers, respectively, during their synthesis. It is thought that an effective interaction between these functionalities of employed template and metal oxide/hydroxide precursors is the driving force for the fabrication of organic-inorganic hybrid particles. A number of metal oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles including ZnO, TiO2, Ta2O5 and In(OH)3 were deposited on the surface of polystyrene colloidal particles. A systematic variation in the employed reaction conditions allowed a modulation in size, shape, morphology, shell thickness and inorganic contents of resulting hybrid particles. Similar effect of the employed Indium isopropoxide concentration on the morphology of PS-In(OH)3 hybrid particles was observed. In the case of PS-TiO2 and PS-Ta2O5 only core-shell morphology was observed. However, suitable surface chemistry and careful selection of reaction parameters allowed the deposition of as much thick as 130 nm TiO2/Ta2O5 shell on the polystyrene core. In addition, a controlled manipulation of the shell thickness with the employed concentration of inorganic salt was observed. Polystyrene colloidal particles coated with a high refractive index material such as TiO2, were employed as building blocks for the fabrication of self assembled colloidal crystals. The variation in particle size and TiO2 content of employed building blocks allowed the manipulation in stop band position and band width of resulting photonic structures. Furthermore, PS-ZnO hybrid particles with raspberry-like morphology were exploited as carrier for ZnO nanoparticles into a host polymer matrix to achieve a nanocomposite material. In addition, fabrication of a series of closed, intact and mechanically robust hollow spheres, composed of pure and mixed metal oxides was demonstrated. The removal of polystyrene core from PS-TiO2 and PS-Ta2O5 hybrid particles by chemical or thermal treatment resulted into the hollow TiO2 and Ta2O5 spheres, respectively. Templating of PVCL colloidal particles against ZnO nanoparticles was shown and variation in physical properties of the resulting hybrid microgels as a function of the loaded amount of ZnO nanoparticles was demonstrated. PVCL-ZnO hybrid microgels showed the temperature sensitivity of the template particles and the UV-absorbing property of the loaded ZnO nanoparticles. It was demonstrated that these hybrid materials can effectively be used in the preparation of a transparent UV-shielding material. In addition, the deposition of preformed and functionalized quantum dots (CdTe) on the surface of PNIPAm microgel particles was explored and a manipulation in the fluorescent properties of loaded quantum dots as a result of temperature induced swelling and deswelling of microgel template was investigated. It was found that the fluorescence of deposited quantum dots can be switched to “ON” or “OFF” by changing the temperature of the surrounding media. These hybrid particles are envisioned to be used in the fabrication of temperature nanosensors.
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Nonet, Olivier. "Conception d’amplificateurs de puissance haut rendement en technologie MMIC pour applications radiocommunication 5G." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0037.
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Les réseaux modernes de radiocommunication utilisent des signaux modulés complexes à forte efficacité spectrale et offrent des débits de donnés importants avec en contrepartie, des facteurs de crête élevés. Ce dernier paramètre dégrade fortement le rendement moyen des amplificateurs, la dissipation thermique est de fait augmentée limitant ainsi les perspectives de miniaturisation, de réduction des coûts et de fiabilité des amplificateurs. Ce travail présente la conception d’un amplificateur de puissance RF >40W en bande L/S miniaturisé. Ce composant a spécifiquement été réalisé pour être compatible avec un système d’amélioration de rendement de type suivi d’enveloppe. Pour répondre à ce besoin, une approche de miniaturisation quasi-MMIC en boitier plastique, composée d’une partie active HEMT GaN 0.25µm sur SiC, et de circuits passifs d’adaptation en AsGa (ULRC-20) ont été retenus. Une architecture de suivi d’enveloppe de type multi-phases a ensuite été développée dans le but d’être associée à cet amplificateur et fonctionner avec des signaux modulés 5G complexes, large-bande à forts niveaux de PAPR (>8dB)Modern radio communication networks use complex modulated signals with high spectral efficiency, offering significant data rates. However, this comes at the expense of high peak factors.This latter parameter significantly degrades the average efficiency of amplifiers, leading to increased thermal dissipation, thereby limiting prospects for miniaturization, cost reduction, and reliability of the power amplifier. This work presents the design of an RF power amplifier >40W in the L/S band. This component has been specifically developed to be compatible with an envelope tracking efficiency enhancement system. To meet this requirement, a quasi-MMIC miniaturization approach in a plastic package, comprising a GaN HEMT 0.25µm on SiC active part, and passive adaptation circuits in AsGa (ULRC-20), have been selected. A multi-phase envelope tracking architecture has subsequently been developed to be associated with this amplifier and operate with complex 5G modulated signals, wideband with high PAPR levels (>8dB)
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Silva, Neander F. "Hybrid system for innovative design." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1996. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21250.
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The thesis focuses on in two vital and interrelated aspects of modelling design support systems, they are: how innovative solutions may arise, and the knowledge-base's extension and maintenance. The dilemma 'reproduction versus creativity' is identified as one of the main deadlocks that the design methods' debate, research in Computer Aided Architectural Design, CAAD, and Artificial Intelligence, AI, have faced in the last thirty years. A hybrid approach is then proposed as a means of overcoming these difficulties, where a rudimentary evolving design support environment is developed. It draws inspiration from three areas of Artificial Intelligence: knowledge-base systems, connectionist models, and case-based reasoning (CBR). However, it differs fundamentally from conventional knowledge-base systems, connectionist models and CBR tools, in its architecture, although strongly inspired by these underlying theories. The main benefits and contributions of this hybrid system are an incremental selfextending feature able to minimise substantially the dependency on knowledge engineer intervention, and an interactive support to innovation by augmenting the designer's creativity.
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Lorenz, Sebastian, Maria Klemm, and Jens Krzywinski. "Hybride Prototypen im Design." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-223677.
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Aus der Einführung:
"Die Verwendung von Prototypen besitzt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Produktentwicklung und im Designprozess (Camere et al. 2016). Wie Camere und Bordegoni feststellen hat sich der Fokus der Designdisziplin auf Funktionalität um die Aspekte der Usability und der User Experience erweitert. Damit einhergehend hat sich auch die Rolle der Prototypen von Funktionsmustern und Präsentationsobjekten um die Funktionen als Evaluierungs- und Versuchsobjekte ergänzt. Die Integration von Nutzern in den Designprozess ist dabei ein weiterer Punkt bei denen Prototypen ein wichtiges Werkzeug zur Kommunikation und kooperativen Arbeit liefert (Schneider 1996). Die Integration von Prototyping-Methoden in den unterschiedlichen Phasen des Designprozesses führt zu unterschiedlichen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Form und Aufgabe der Prototypen. Entsprechend vielfältig sind die heute verwendeten Arten von Prototyping. ..."
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Magnéli, Rickard, Staffan Seving, and Karl Johansson. "Konceptuell design och utveckling av hybridfordon." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2346.
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This report covers the conceptual design of a new one person hybrid vehicle that is to be fast and convenient to drive on the roads. The vehicle is most of all supposed to be used as a commute vehicle but can also be used at other occasions as well.
During the work with this project the group has focused on three larger areas, the outer design (body), wheel chassis and an ergonomically designed interior. The group was not able to just create these parts in 3D to get a trustworthy vehicle, hence number of other components and details were also created to get a better entirety.
The outer design starts with idea generation and sketches and ends with a 3D model which is rendered to show how the final product is going to look. The design of the body has been going on during the entire work process due to new ideas and improvements that seemed interesting and had to be changed.
The wheel chassis also started with idea generation, research and sketches. It ended up with a simulated 3D model which later on was mounted on the vehicle body to show how the vehicle is going to perform during usage. The simulation was used to see if the ideas that came up were going to work in reality. The simulation in Pro/Engineer made it possible to save a lot of time and make the work process more efficient.
Finally the interior were designed inside the vehicle body but most importantly it was built and adjusted to the human body. Important measurements and facts were collected with the help of the ergonomic program Jack. Which controls that should be included was investigated and the steering wheel became the central part of the dashboard since the vital functions are controlled via this unit. The speedometer and likewise functions where also moved to the steering wheel to improve the visibility.
The group was also set to explore other interesting details especially the engines. The engines that were chosen to the final concept where so called wheel engines. These engines are mounted inside the rims and can also handle the braking of the vehicle which makes a separate braking system unnecessary. The wheel engines had so many advantages that they became the obvious selection. But the vehicle was from the beginning set to be a hybrid and with only the wheel engines it was not. To make it hybrid, a second, smaller engine was put in, but only for recharging the batteries when needed. This engine is driven by gasoline or ethanol.
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Tsai, Mike Yao Chen. "Hybrid design of MPI over SCTP." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32492.
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Message Passing Interface(MPI)is a popular message passing interface for writing parallel applications. It has been designed to run over many different types of network interconnects ranging from commodity Ethernet to more specialized hardwares including: shared memory, and Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) devices such as InfiniBand and the recently standardized Internet Wide Area RDMA Protocol (iWARP). The API itself provides both the point-to-point and remote memory access (RMA) operations to the application. However, it is often implemented based on one kind of underlying network device, namely entirely RDMA or point-to-point. As a result, it is often not possible to provide a direct mapping from the software semantics to the underlying hardware. In this work, we propose a hybrid approach in designing MPI in which network device to use can depend on its functional requirement. This allows the MPI API to exploit the potential performance benefits of the underlying hardware more directly. Another highlight of this work is the design of the MPI middleware to be IP based in order to provide support for both cluster and wide area network environment; this can be achieved via the use of a commodity transport layer protocol, namely Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP). We will demonstrate how SCTP can be used to support MPI with different kinds of network devices and to provide multirailing support from the transport layer.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Yu, Bing. "Hybrid modelling methodology for system design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1995. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6999.
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In the face of rapid development in information technology coupled with a growing dynamism in global markets, manufacturing systems have to be re-constructed for short term or long term goal. Such innovations promise to lead to a new competitive stage, which typically involve design of function, information and behaviour of systems. In order to design the system, simulation has often been chosen. However, simulation has proved limited and fails to aid design of such a complex systems because of consuming much computing time and cost, especially when modelling larger systems. Thus, there is a need to seek a new approach, in a way that results in simulating such a large manufacturing system with less demand on computing time and cost. This study researches into a hybrid modelling approach to minimise these limitations. It includes proposing a hybrid modelling methodology and developing a hybrid modelling tool. The methodology integrates simulation and metamodelling techniques. The metamodel employed in the study possesses, not only characteristics of conventional metamodels in terms of representing relationships in quantity, but also in time lapse. This is the originality of the study and the significant distinction between this research and application of metamodelling in conventional ways. The hybrid modelling tool is developed to support and demonstrate the identified hybrid methodology. LISP has been used as the software language for the hybrid modelling tool. The result of this work concludes that the hybrid modelling approach is capable of simulating a complex manufacturing system with less demands on the computer. The work reported in this thesis has been carried out in conjunction with the EPSRC research project, Hierarchical Manufacturing System Modelling (HMSM) (GR/F96549), to produce an Integrated Design and Modelling Methodology (IDEM). The project was initially a collaborative research program including Loughborough University of Technology (LUT), Morris Crane Ltd., of Loughborough and GEC Large Machine, of Rugby. The experience of these collaborators has proved most valuable in supporting the research, and have provided a cross section of views and comments. The research reported in this thesis is set in the context of the HMSM Research group at Loughborough.
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Yuan, Zhongfan. "Design and control of hybrid machines." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313091.
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Wakelam, Mark. "Intelligent hybrid approach for integrated design." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263942.
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Valero, Bresó Alejandro. "Hybrid caches: design and data management." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32663.
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Cache memories have been usually implemented with Static Random-Access Memory
(SRAM) technology since it is the fastest electronic memory technology. However, this
technology consumes a high amount of leakage currents, which is a major design concern
because leakage energy consumption increases as the transistor size shrinks. Alternative
technologies are being considered to reduce this consumption. Among them, embedded
Dynamic RAM (eDRAM) technology provides minimal area and leakage by design but
reads are destructive and it is not as fast as SRAM.
In this thesis, both SRAM and eDRAM technologies are mingled to take the advantatges
that each of them o¿ers. First, they are combined at cell level to implement an n-bit
macrocell consisting of one SRAM cell and n-1 eDRAM cells. The macrocell is used to
build n-way set-associative hybrid ¿rst-level (L1) data caches having one SRAM way and
n-1 eDRAM ways. A single SRAM way is enough to achieve good performance given the
high data locality of L1 caches. Architectural mechanisms such as way-prediction, swaps,
and scrub operations are considered to avoid unnecessary eDRAM reads, to maintain
the Most Recently Used (MRU) data in the fast SRAM way, and to completely avoid
refresh logic. Experimental results show that, compared to a conventional SRAM cache,
leakage and area are largely reduced with a scarce impact on performance.
The study of the bene¿ts of hybrid caches has been also carried out in second-level (L2)
caches acting as Last-Level Caches (LLCs). In this case, the technologies are combined
at bank level and the optimal ratio of SRAM and eDRAM banks that achieves the
best trade-o¿ among performance, energy, and area is identi¿ed. Like in L1 caches, the
MRU blocks are kept in the SRAM banks and they are accessed ¿rst to avoid unnecessary
destructive reads. Nevertheless, refresh logic is not removed since data locality widely
di¿ers in this cache level. Experimental results show that a hybrid LLC with an eighth
of its banks built with SRAM technology is enough to achieve the best target trade-o¿.
This dissertation also deals with performance of replacement policies in heterogeneous
LLCs mainly focusing on the energy overhead incurred by refresh operations. In this
thesis it is de¿ned a new concept, namely MRU-Tour (MRUT), that helps estimate reuse information of cache blocks. Based on this concept, it is proposed a family of MRUTbased replacement algorithms that randomly select the victim block among those having
a single MRUT. These policies are enhanced to leverage recency of information for a
few blocks and to adapt to changes in the working set of the benchmarks. Results show
that the proposed MRUT policies, with simpler hardware complexity, outperform the
Least Recently Used (LRU) policy and a set of the most representative state-of-the-art
replacement policies for LLCs.
Refresh operations represent an important fraction of the overall dynamic energy consumption of eDRAM LLCs. This fraction increases with the cache capacity, since more
blocks have to be refreshed for a given period of time. Prior works have attacked the
refresh energy taking into account inter-cell feature variations. Unlike these works, this
thesis proposes a selective refresh policy based on the MRUT concept. The devised
policy takes into account the number of MRUTs of a block to select whether the block
is refreshed. In this way, many refreshes done in a typical distributed refresh policy are
skipped (i.e., in those blocks having a single MRUT). This refresh mechanism is applied
in the hybrid LLC memory. Results show that refresh energy consumption is largely reduced with respect to a conventional eDRAM cache, while the performance degradation
is minimal with respect to a conventional SRAM cache.Valero Bresó, A. (2013). Hybrid caches: design and data management [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32663
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Soomro, Kamran. "HyDRA hybrid workflow design recommender architecture." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2016. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/25778/.
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Workflows are a way to describe a series of computations on raw e-Science data. These data may be MRI brain scans, data from a high energy physics detector or metric data from an earth observation project. In order to derive meaningful knowledge from the data, it must be processed and analysed. Workflows have emerged as the principle mechanism for describing and enacting complex e-Science analyses on distributed infrastructures such as grids. Scientific users face a number of challenges when designing workflows. These challenges include selecting appropriate components for their tasks, spec- ifying dependencies between them and selecting appropriate parameter values. These tasks become especially challenging as workflows become increasingly large. For example, the CIVET workflow consists of up to 108 components. Building the workflow by hand and specifying all the links can become quite cumbersome for scientific users. Traditionally, recommender systems have been employed to assist users in such time-consuming and tedious tasks. One of the techniques used by recommender systems has been to predict what the user is attempting to do using a variety of techniques. These techniques include using workflow se- mantics on the one hand and historical usage patterns on the other. Semantics-based systems attempt to infer a user’s intentions based on the available semantics. Pattern-based systems attempt to extract usage patterns from previously-constructed workflows and match those patterns to the workflow un- der construction. The use of historical patterns adds dynamism to the suggestions as the system can learn and adapt with “experience”. However, in cases where there are no previous patterns to draw upon, pattern-based systems fail to perform. Semantics-based systems, on the other hand infer from static information, so they always have something to draw upon. However, that information first has to be encoded into the semantic repository for the system to draw upon it, which is a time-consuming and tedious task in it self. Moreover, semantics-based systems do not learn and adapt with experience. Both approaches have distinct, but complementary features and drawbacks. By combining the two approaches, the drawbacks of each approach can be addressed. This thesis presents HyDRA, a novel hybrid framework that combines frequent usage patterns and workflow semantics to generate suggestions. The functions performed by the framework include; a) extracting frequent functional usage patterns; b) identifying the semantics of unknown components; and c) generating accurate and meaningful suggestions. Challenges to mining frequent patterns in- clude ensuring that meaningful and useful patterns are extracted. For this purpose only patterns that occur above a minimum frequency threshold are mined. Moreover, instead of just groups of specific components, the pattern mining algorithm takes into account workflow component semantics. This allows the system to identify different types of components that perform a single composite function. One of the challenges in maintaining a semantic repository is to keep the repository up-to-date. This involves identifying new items and inferring their semantics. In this regard, a minor contribution of this research is a semantic inference engine that is responsible for function b). This engine also uses pre-defined workflow component semantics to infer new semantic properties and generate more accurate suggestions. The overall suggestion generation algorithm is also presented. HyDRA has been evaluated using workflows from the Laboratory of Neuro Imaging (LONI) repos- itory. These workflows have been chosen for their structural and functional characteristics that help� to evaluate the framework in different scenarios. The system is also compared with another existing pattern-based system to show a clear improvement in the accuracy of the suggestions generated.
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Patterson, Raymond A. "Hybrid Neural networks and network design." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262707683.
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Taylor, Samuel P. "Design and simulation of high performance hybrid electric vehicle powertrains." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1839.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 93 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-93).
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Paclt, Martin. "Design užitkového vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229400.
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The master thesis deals with design of a commercial vehicle for urban use. Thesis has complex solution. A small size vehicle uses the hybrid technology to drive with a combination of electric motors in wheels and the Wankel engine. Thesis gives some innovative solutions of daily required functions. A sliding door can be operated by a legs. A flip roof allows enlarging the commercial space. A swiveling front and rear axle for better maneuverability in the city. The main aim of the design is to remove the front mask of the vehicle.
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Eades, Herbert H. "Thermal modeling of hybrid microelectronics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42141.
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As the size of hybrid microelectronics is reduced, the power density increases and thermal interaction between heat-producing devices becomes significant. A nondimensional model is developed to investigate the effects of heat source interaction on a substrate. The results predict the maximum temperature created by a device for a wide range of device sizes, substrate thicknesses, device spacings, and external boundary conditions. They can be used to assess thermal interaction for preliminary design and layout of power devices on hybrid substrates.
Previous work in this area typically deals with semi-infinite regions or finite regions with isothermal bases. In the present work, the substrate and all heat dissipating mechanisms below the substrate are modeled as two separate thermal resistances in series. The thermal resistance at the base of the substrate includes the bond to the heat sink, the heat sink, and convection to a cooling medium. Results show that including this external resistance in the model can significantly alter the heat flow path through the substrate and the spreading resistance of the substrate. Results also show an optimal thickness exists to minimize temperature rise when the Biot number is small and the device spacing is large.
Tables are presented which list nondimensional values for maximum temperature and spreading resistance over a wide range of substrate geometries, device sizes, and boundary conditions. A design example is included to demonstrate an application of the results to a practical problem. The design example also shows the error that can result from assuming an isothermal boundary at the bottom of the substrate rather than a finite thermal resistance below the substrate.
Several other models are developed and compared with the axisymmetric model. A one-dimensional model and two two-dimensional models are simpler than the axisymmetric model but prove to be inaccurate. The axisymmetric model is then compared with a full three-dimensional model for accuracy. The model proves to be accurate when sources are symmetrically spaced and when sources are asymmetrical under certain conditions. However, when the sources are asymmetrical the axisymmetric model does not always predict accurate results.
Master of Science
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Paris, Manuel. "Identification du comportement en torsion à fort facteur d’avancement des pales d’hélicoptère conventionne : application à la réduction des efforts de commandes sur une formule hybride haute vitesse de type X3." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0045.
Full textAbstract:
L'augmentation de la vitesse de croisière des hélicoptères à architecture conventionnelle (rotor principal et rotor anticouple) atteint aujourd'hui une asymptote. Le concept X3, associant 2 hélices et une aile pour alléger la charge du rotor principal, propose une solution viable économiquement, qui s'appuie sur l'utilisation de technologies éprouvées telles que le rotor Spheriflex® du Dauphin. Les essais en vol menés sur le démonstrateur X3 ont montré un bon comportement en performances et en qualités de vol de ce type de rotor, mais un niveau de charges très importants dans les commandes de vol. Pour limiter la masse à vide, la solution de surdimensionner toutes les pièces mécaniques n'est pas envisageable. Ce travail de thèse propose d'étudier les opportunités de réduction des efforts de commandes.Afin de pouvoir réduire ces efforts, il a été nécessaire de comprendre leur origine et de proposer une modélisation qui permette de les prédire. Des mesures expérimentales réalisées sur le démonstrateur X3 ont permis d'identifier les excitations aérodynamiques et le comportement dynamique des pales en torsion. Les phénomènes responsables de l'augmentation des efforts de commande ont été identifiés, ce qui a permis de corriger le modèle de calcul des efforts de commande HOST actuellement utilisé par Airbus Helicopters.A partir du logiciel HOST corrigé et de la compréhension des phénomènes physiques, des solutions technologiques pour réduire les efforts de commandes ont été étudiées. Deux familles de solutions sont alors considérées : l'optimisation du système de commandes de vol et la réduction des efforts dans les bielles de pas. L'optimisation du système de commandes de vol permet d'obtenir une réduction significative des efforts de commandes grâce à un algorithme d'optimisation de l'architecture de placement des servocommandes. L'étude de la réduction des efforts dans les bielles de pas montre que le choix de l'équilibre appareil conduit à des opportunités de réduction des efforts de commandes, alors que la modification du design de pale n'apporte pas de réduction notable et engendre une diminution des performances en stationnaireNowadays, the increase of cruise speed for conventional helicopters (main rotor and anti-torque rear rotor) reaches an asymptote. The X3 concept proposed by Airbus Helicopters is a hybrid helicopter combining 2 propellers at the tip of small wings in order to unload the main rotor. This solution is economically viable because it reuses well-proven technologies such as the Spheriflex rotor, already used on the Dolphin family for many years. X3 flight tests have shown a good behavior of the rotor concerning performances as well as handling qualities, but control loads in the rotor system were significantly higher in cruise conditions than for conventional helicopters. In order to save the payload, over-sizing of the mechanical parts in order to withstand these loads can't be an appropriate solution. The work presented in this thesis deals with the problematic of control loads reduction.In order to reduce the control loads, the first step is to highlight the roots of these loads and to get a predictive tool over the whole flight domain. Experimental measurements from X3 flight tests give the aerodynamic loads on the blade sections, leading to understand the blades torsional dynamic behavior in several flight test cases (cruise, turns and high speed flight). Phenomena responsible for the increase of control loads are then identified, and the rotor computation tool HOST used at Airbus Helicopters is corrected to predict accurately control loads over the conventional as well as the high speed helicopter flight domain.The corrected rotor computation tool HOST, associated with the physical comprehension of the blade torsional dynamics, is used to quantify the possible solutions proposed for control loads reduction. Two main ways are studied: the optimization of the control system architecture and the reduction of pitch link loads. The optimization of control system architecture shows a dramatic reduction of control loads in the servo actuators and in the non-rotating scissors, thanks to an optimization algorithm developed during this thesis. The reduction of pitch link loads study shows that the optimization of the helicopter equilibrium leads to drastic reduction, whereas the modification of blade design does not show any significant reduction even at high speed
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Braun, Erika L. "Framing Wicked Problems Using CoDesign and a Hybrid Design Toolset." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461202906.
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Yang, Xingyu. "Jeep Black Label : Formulating future symbolism around hybrid lifestyle." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136840.
Full textAbstract:
The world is becoming more complicated; our lives develop into multiple facets. This master thesis focuses on defining a future typology in vehicle design representing a hybrid lifestyle. New technologies bring convenience to people but sometimes the amount of information exceeds our needs. Jeep Black Label is designed to escape all that in the year 2040. An unplugged lounge experience for the city and a great analogue getaway into nature. A holistic research method was used to understand the context for this vehicle. The design process followed an inside-out approach. First a dynamic interior space was generated based on users’ needs. The nal step was to ideate and choose a meaningful exterior appearance following the goal to communicate brand identity, automation and hybrid driving modes.
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Hall, C. M. "Millimetre-wave microstrip antennas and hybrid types." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376090.
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Atlayan, Ozgur. "Hybrid Steel Frames." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50562.
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The buildings that are designed according to the building codes generally perform well at severe performance objectives (like life safety) under high earthquake hazard levels. However, the building performance at low performance objectives (like immediate occupancy) under low earthquake hazards is uncertain. The motivation of this research is to modify the design and detailing rules to make the traditional systems perform better at multi-level hazards.This research introduces two new structural steel systems: hybrid Buckling Restrained Braced Frames (BRBF) and hybrid steel Moment Frames (MF). The "hybrid" term for the BRBF system comes from the use of different steel material including carbon steel (A36), high-performance steel (HPS) and low yield point (LYP) steel. The hybridity of the moment frames is related to the sequence in the plastification of the system which is provided by using weaker and stronger girder sections. Alternative moment frame connections incorporating the use of LYP steel plates are also investigated.
The hybrid BRBF approach was evaluated on seventeen regular (standard) frames with different story heights, seismic design categories and building plans. By varying the steel areas and materials in the BRB cores, three hybrid BRBFs were developed for each regular (standard) frame and their behavior was compared against each other through pushover and incremental dynamic analyses. The benefits of the hybridity were presented using different damage measures such as story accelerations, interstory drifts, and residual displacements. Collapse performance evaluation was also provided.
The performance of hybrid moment frames was investigated on a design space including forty-two moment frame archetypes. Two different hybrid combinations were implemented in the designs with different column sections and different strong column-weak beam (SC/WB) ratios. The efficiency of the hybrid moment frame in which only the girder sizes were changed to control the plastification was compared with regular moment frame designs with higher SC/WB ratios. As side studies, the effect of shallow and deep column sections and SC/WB ratios on the moment frame behavior were also investigated.
In order to provide adequate ductility in the reduced capacity bays with special detailing, alternative hybrid moment frame connections adapting the use of low strength steel were also studied.
PhD
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Saxena, Vibhu Prakash. "Sensitivity analysis of oscillating hybrid systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61899.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-140).
Many models of physical systems oscillate periodically and exhibit both discrete-state and continuous-state dynamics. These systems are called oscillating hybrid systems and find applications in diverse areas of science and engineering, including robotics, power systems, systems biology, and so on. A useful tool that can provide valuable insights into the influence of parameters on the dynamic behavior of such systems is sensitivity analysis. A theory for sensitivity analysis with respect to the initial conditions and/or parameters of oscillating hybrid systems is developed and discussed. Boundary-value formulations are presented for initial conditions, period, period sensitivity and initial conditions for the sensitivities. A difference equation analysis of general homogeneous equations and parametric sensitivity equations with linear periodic piecewise continuous coefficients is presented. It is noted that the monodromy matrix for these systems is not a fundamental matrix evaluated after one period, but depends on one. A three part decomposition of the sensitivities is presented based on the analysis. These three parts classify the influence of the parameters on the period, amplitude and relative phase of the limit-cycles of hybrid systems, respectively. The theory developed is then applied to the computation of sensitivity information for some examples of oscillating hybrid systems using existing numerical techniques and methods. The relevant information given by the sensitivity trajectory and its parts can be used in algorithms for different applications such as parameter estimation, control system design, stability analysis and dynamic optimization.
by Vibhu Prakash Saxena.
S.M.
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Lorenz, Sebastian, Maria Klemm, and Jens Krzywinski. "Hybride Prototypen im Design." Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30283.
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Aus der Einführung:
"Die Verwendung von Prototypen besitzt eine zentrale Rolle bei der Produktentwicklung und im Designprozess (Camere et al. 2016). Wie Camere und Bordegoni feststellen hat sich der Fokus der Designdisziplin auf Funktionalität um die Aspekte der Usability und der User Experience erweitert. Damit einhergehend hat sich auch die Rolle der Prototypen von Funktionsmustern und Präsentationsobjekten um die Funktionen als Evaluierungs- und Versuchsobjekte ergänzt. Die Integration von Nutzern in den Designprozess ist dabei ein weiterer Punkt bei denen Prototypen ein wichtiges Werkzeug zur Kommunikation und kooperativen Arbeit liefert (Schneider 1996). Die Integration von Prototyping-Methoden in den unterschiedlichen Phasen des Designprozesses führt zu unterschiedlichen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Form und Aufgabe der Prototypen. Entsprechend vielfältig sind die heute verwendeten Arten von Prototyping. ..."
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Poline, Marie. "Contribution aux méthodes de conception et de gestion des systèmes énergétiques multi-sources par optimisation systémique : application aux trains hybrides électrique autonomes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT099/document.
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En France, il existe deux modes de traction pour les trains : la traction diesel ou la traction électrique. Chaque mode fait face à des problématiques qui lui sont propres. Dans le cas du diesel, les émissions de gaz à effet de serre étant de plus en plus contrôlées, il devient nécessaire de faire évoluer ce type de train vers une solution moins polluante. Dans le cas de la traction électrique, la consommation d’énergie entraine une chute de tension qui peut imposer un ralentissement des trains, empêchant ainsi le développement du trafic. La solution étudiée par la SNCF est l’hybridation des trains (ajout de systèmes de stockage en embarqué).Ces travaux de thèse ont pour objectif de mettre en place une méthode permettant de faire le pré-dimensionnement des systèmes de stockage embarqués dans le train. De plus, afin de tenir compte de l’influence réciproque de la gestion sur le dimensionnement, celle-ci est incluse dans le modèle de dimensionnement. La résolution du modèle global se fait à l’aide d’un algorithme d’optimisation.La méthode a été mise en place sur les deux modes de traction ferroviaire (diesel et électrique) et l’optimisation a été faite avec l’algorithme SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming)In France, there are two traction modes for railway: the diesel and electric traction. Each mode has its own issues. For diesel, the increasing control of the greenhouse gas emissions imposes to evolve this type of train to a less polluting solution. For electric traction, the energy consumption creates a voltage drop which can cause a traffic slowdown, which will limit the traffic development. The studied solution by SNCF is the hybridization of the train (adding storage system).Thus, these works have the objective to build a method to do the pre-sizing of storage systems embedded in trains. Moreover, to take into account the mutual influence of the sizing and the energy management, this last one is included in the sizing model. An optimization algorithm solves the global model.The method has been developed for the two traction modes (diesel and electric) and the optimization has been made with SQP algorithm (Sequential Quadratic Programming)
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Lorenz, Sebastian. "Hybride Prototypen im Design [Präsentationsfolien]." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-214079.
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Content
01. Prototypen im Design
Anwendung im Designprozess
Einordnung und Kategorisierung
02. Hybride Prototypen
Beschreibung
Potenziale
Einordnung
Fragestellungen
03. Aktuelle Projekte
Interdisziplinäres Sommerprojekt 2015
VR Concept Cab
Interfaceprototypen Agrar
04. Untersuchungen
Anwendung
Forschung
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Rohne, Clemens, Michael Schreiter, Jens Sumpf, Klaus Nendel, and Lothar Kroll. "Hybrid Conveyor Chains – Calculation, Design and Manufacturing." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-231781.
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The following paper will illustrate the development of a multiflex chain in hybrid construction. The aim of this novel chain variant is to improve the stiffness and strength in comparison to conventional plastic slide chains. A two part multiflex chain with a chain pitch of 33.5 mm and a structural width of 83 mm was used as the basis for the development of the hybrid multiflex chain. The hybrid multiflex chain is supposed to be integrated in already existing layouts of chain conveyors. The load bearing structure of the single chain links is manufactured in the metal die cast procedure while taking the constructive, production related, and operational aspects into consideration and subsequently covered in the injection molding process with plastics commonly used for multiflex chains. The evaluation of the improved stiffness and strength takes place in the course of extensive test seriesIn der folgenden Abhandlung wird die Entwicklung einer Multiflex-Kette in Hybridbauweise erläutert. Mit dieser neuartigen Kettenvariante soll eine Steifigkeits- und Festigkeitssteigerung gegenüber den konventionellen Kunststoffgleitketten erzielt werden. Als Ausgangsbasis für die Entwicklung der hybriden Förderkette dient eine zweiteilig ausgeführte Multiflex-Kette mit der Teilung von 33,5 mm und einer Baubreite von 83 mm. Die hybride Förderkette soll in bestehende Layouts von Kettenförderern integriert werden können. Unter Beachtung konstruktiver, fertigungstechnischer und betrieblicher Aspekte wird die lasttragende Struktur der einzelnen Kettenglieder im Metalldruckgussprozess gefertigt und anschließend mit einem, für Multiflex-Ketten üblichen Kunststoff im Spritzgießprozess ummantelt. Die Evaluierung der Steifigkeits- bzw. Festigkeitssteigerung erfolgt im Rahmen umfangreicher Versuchsreihen
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Nema, Salam. "Hybrid evolutionary techniques for constrained optimisation design." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/1458/.
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This thesis a research program in which novel and generic optimisation methods were developed so that can be applied to a multitude of mathematically modelled business problems which the standard optimisation techniques often fail to deal with. The continuous and mixed discrete optimisation methods have been investigated by designing new approaches that allow users to more effectively tackle difficult optimisation problems with a mix of integer and real valued variables. The focus of this thesis presents practical suggestions towards the implementation of hybrid evolutionary approaches for solving optimisation problems with highly structured constraints. This work also introduces a derivation of the different optimisation methods that have been reported in the literature. Major theoretical properties of the new methods have been presented and implemented. Here we present detailed description of the most essential steps of the implementation. The performance of the developed methods is evaluated against real-world benchmark problems, and the numerical results of the test problems are found to be competitive compared to existing methods.
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Li, Jianzhou, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Design of a novel hybrid cryptographic processor." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2005, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/266.
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A new multiplier that supports fields GF(p) and GF (2n) for the public-key cryptography, and fields GF (28) for the secret-key cryptography is proposed in this thesis. Based on the core multiplier and other extracted common operations, a novel hybrid crypto-processor is built which processes both public-key and secret-key cryptosystems. The corresponding instruction set is also presented. Three cryptographic algorithms: the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), AES and RC5 are focused to run in the processor. To compute scalar multiplication kP efficiently, a blend of efficient algorthms on elliptic curves and coordinates selections and of hardware architecture that supports arithmetic operations on finite fields is requried. The Nonadjacent Form (NAF) of k is used in Jacobian projective coordinates over GF(p); Montgomery scalar multiplication is utilized in projective coordinates over GF(2n). The dual-field multiplier is used to support multiplications over GF(p) and GF(2n) according to multiple-precision Montgomery multiplications algorithms. The design ideas of AES and RC5 are also described. The proposed hybrid crypto-processor increases the flexibility of security schemes and reduces the total cost of cryptosystems.viii, 87 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 28 cm.
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Li, Xuan. "Design and development of hybrid energy harvesters." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2018. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/42507.
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Hybrid energy harvesters (HEHs) targeting multiple energy forms have been drawing increasing interest in recent years. While large scale photovoltaic power plants are capable of providing energy for domestic usage, research has also been focused on kinetic energy harvester with less power output which can be integrated into self-powered electronics such as implantable device, remote wireless sensor, wearables, etc. A number of successful designs of hybrid energy harvesters have been demonstrated which could scavenge solar and kinetic energy simultaneously. However the structures remain complicated; the majority of the designs involve different types of energy harvesters connected in series, which involves complex fabrication processes. Here, a simple structure based on a p-n junction piezoelectric nanogenerator (NG) was designed. The utilization of columnar piezoelectric n-type ZnO nanorods coated with light absorber layer enabled the device to harvest both kinetic and solar energy. This was adapted to either form a N719-based dye-sensitized solar cell (N719-HEH), or a perovskite solar cell (PSC-HEH). To allow high processing temperatures while maintaining mechanical flexibility, Corning© Willow™ (CW) glass substrate was used and compared to the more common ITO/PET. CW showed 56% lower charge transfer resistance and a related 4 times fold increase in power conversion efficiency for N719-HEHs. Oscillation (NG effect) and illumination (PV effect) testing indicated that both N719-HEHS and PSC-HEHs operated as kinetic and solar energy harvesters separately, with the current generated by the photovoltaic orders of magnitude greater than it from mechanical excitation. In addition, under illumination, both N719-HEHs and PSC-HEHs demonstrated further current output enhancement when oscillation was applied. The fact that the current output under NG+PV condition was higher than the summation of current output achieved under NG and PV conditions individually, suggests the piezoelectric potential originated from ZnO affected the charge dynamics within the devices. Thus, HEHs with enhanced output were successfully designed and developed.
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Hendon, Christopher Holman. "Hybrid semiconductors : design rules and material applications." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683540.
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Lentz, Levi (Levi Carl). "Rational design of hybrid organic solar cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92219.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 113-117).
In this thesis, we will present a novel design for a nano-structured organic-inorganic hybrid photovoltaic material that will address current challenges in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic-based solar cell materials. Utilizing first principles Density Functional Theory (DFT), we show that layered inorganic phosphates and tradition organic dyes can be combined to form a new class of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic with high electron and hole mobilities with low exciton recombination, potentially enabling very high efficiency with existing organic-based solar-cell molecules. We will discuss the physical origin of these properties and investigate several approaches for engineering the electronic structure of these materials. By using these methods, it will be possible to engineer the transport and optical properties of these materials, with potential applications beyond photovoltaics in areas from organic electronics to photoactuators.
by Levi Lentz.
S.M.
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Al-Kazzaz, Dhuha Abdulgani Abdulaziz. "Shape grammars for hybrid component-based design." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16772.
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Owens, Steven Robert. "Preliminary design methodologies for hybrid propulsion trajectories." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24246.
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In this dissertation, the Hohmann and bi-elliptic transfers are considered with the inclusion of a plane change. The evolution of critical limits which determine the transfer offering the lowest velocity requirement, previously defined for a co-planar analysis, is shown with the inclusion of a plane change. This has not been possible in previous work as analyses have been dependent on the intermediate orbit and numerical optimisation of the plane change distribution between impulses. It is shown that the critical limits found for the co-planar analysis reduce at different rates with increasing plane change and converge on a point where both transfers offer the same velocity requirement for a given final to initial orbit ratio and plane change. Between the two limits the Area Of Uncertainty (AOU) found for the co-planar analysis is shown to reduce to the convergence point which beyond, a second AOU emerges. A detailed analysis of these critical limits, determining when each transfer should be used is performed and a simple figure is presented which would allow a mission designer to select the fuel optimal transfer dependent on the final to initial orbit ratio and plane change only. The dissertation then introduces a novel orbit transfer using both high and low-thrust propulsion systems to accommodate the current development of platforms with this technology on-board. An analytical model is created which determines when the system offers a fuel mass saving compared to a single propulsion high-thrust only transfer. In addition to this, a critical limit analysis is performed which determines the limitations of analytical models based on a quasi-circular assumption. This analysis is developed into a numerical optimisation procedure which extends the application of the transfer to allow for eccentric orbits throughout the duration of the low-thrust phase. Case studies are presented which demonstrate substantial fuel mass savings compared to the single propulsion transfer: the largest fuel mass saving is found to be 27% of the spacecraft wet mass for a transfer from a Sun-Synchronous Orbit to a highly elliptical polar orbit.
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Yang, Hao. "Fault tolerant control design for hybrid systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10068/document.
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Les Systèmes Hybrides sont des systèmes dynamiques dont le comportement résulte de l’interaction entre une dynamique continue et une dynamique discrète. Cette thèse concerne la synthèse de contrôleurs tolérants aux pannes pour ce type de système. Dans une première partie, des méthodes de commande tolérante aux défauts sont proposées afin de maintenir les performances continues. Différents systèmes hybrides sont considérés en fonction du type de commutation. Deux idées sont développées: la première est de synthétiser la loi de commande tolérante afin de stabiliser chaque mode défaillant puis d’appliquer les résultats sur la stabilité des SH. La deuxième idée est de rechercher directement la stabilité du SH sans reconfigurer le contrôleur dans chaque mode défaillant instable. L’objectif de la commande tolérante peut être atteint si les effets négatifs des modes instables sont compensés par ceux des modes stables. Dans une deuxième partie, différentes techniques sont proposées afin de maintenir les spécifications discrètes. L’idée maîtresse est de reconfigurer la partie discrète en tenant compte de l’atteignabilité des dynamiques continues. Enfin, plusieurs solutions de commande supervisée tolérante aux défauts sont proposées. Les schémas reposent sur un schéma simple de commutation de contrôleur. La stabilité du système pendant la le diagnostic et le retard d’application de la commande peut être garanti. De nombreux exemples sont traités pour illustrer les performances des résultats théoriques : systèmes électroniques, moteurs à courant continu, unité centrale de traitement, systèmes manufacturiers, systèmes de transport intelligent et véhicule électrique automatiséHybrid systems (HS) are dynamical systems that involve the interaction of continuous and discrete dynamics. This thesis is concerned with the design of fault tolerant controllers (FTC) for that kind of systems. Firstly, for HS with various switching a set of FTC methods based on continuous system theories are proposed to maintain the systems' continuous performance. Two natural ideas are considered: One way is first to design FTC law to stabilize each faulty mode, and then apply the stability results of HS. Another way is to research directly the stability of HS without reconfiguring the controller in each unstable faulty mode. Secondly, for HS where discrete specifications are imposed, a set of schemes are derived from discrete event system (DES) point of view to keep these discrete specifications. The key idea is to reconfigure the discrete part by taking into account the reachability of the continuous dynamics, such that the specification is maintained. Finally, based on HS approaches, several supervisory FTC schemes are developed. The proposed FTC schemes do not need a series of models or filters to isolate the fault, but only rely on a simple controller switching scheme. The stability of the system during the fault diagnosis and FTC delay can be guaranteed.The materials in the monograph have explicit and broad practical backgrounds. Many examples are taken to illustrate the applicability and performances of the obtained theoretical results, e.g. Circuit systems; DC motors; CPU process; Manufacturing system; Intelligent transportation systems and electric automated vehicles, etc
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Ord, David Andrew. "Advanced Powertrain Design Using Model-Based Design." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49106.
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The use of alternative fuels and advanced powertrain technologies has been increasing over the past few years as vehicle emissions and fuel economy have become prominent in both manufacturer needs and consumer demands. With more hybrids emerging from all automotive manufacturers, the use of computer modeling has quickly taken a lead in the testing of these innovative powertrain designs. Although on-vehicle testing remains an important part of the design process, modeling and simulation is proven to be an invaluable tool that can be applied anywhere from preliminary powertrain design to controller software validation.
The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team (HEVT) of Virginia Tech is applying for participation in the next Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition. EcoCAR 3 is a new four year competition sponsored by the Department of Energy and General Motors with the intention of promoting sustainable energy in the automotive sector. The goal of the competition is to guide students from universities in North America to create new and innovative technologies to reduce the environmental impact of modern day transportation. EcoCAR 3, like its predecessors, will give students hands-on experience in designing and implementing advanced technologies in a setting similar to that of current production vehicles. The primary goals of the competition are to improve upon a provided conventional, internal combustion engine production vehicle by designing and constructing a powertrain that accomplishes the following:
• Reduce Energy Consumption
• Reduce Well-to-Wheel (WTW) Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
• Reduce Criteria Tailpipe Emissions
• Maintain Consumer Acceptability in the area of Performance, Utility, and Safety
• Meet Energy and Environmental Goals, while considering Cost and Innovation
This paper presents a systematic approach in selecting a powertrain for HEVT to develop in the upcoming competition using model-based design. Using a base set of powertrain component models, several powertrain configurations are modeled and tested to show the progression from a basic conventional vehicle to several advanced hybrid vehicles. Each model is designed to generate energy consumption data, efficiency, emissions, as well as many other parameters that can be used to compare each of the powertrain configurations.
A powertrain design is selected to meet the goals of the competition after exploring many powertrain configurations and energy sources. Three parallel powertrains are discussed to find a combination capable of meeting the target energy consumption and WTW GHG emissions while also meeting all of the performance goals. The first of these powertrains is sized to model a typical belted alternator starter (BAS) system and shows small improvements over a conventional vehicle. The next design is a parallel through the road hybrid that is sized to meet most power needs with an electric motor and a smaller IC engine. This case comes closer to the design goals, but still falls short on total energy consumption. Lastly, the battery and motor size are increased to allow a charge depleting mode, adding stored grid electricity to the energy sources. This electric energy only mode is able to displace a large amount of the fuel energy consumption based on the SAE J1711 method for determining utility factor weighted energy consumption of a plug-in hybrid vehicle. The final design is a Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle using E85 fuel and a 7 kWh battery to provide an all-electric charge depleting range of 34 km (21 mi).Master of Science
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Burglova, Kristyna. "Design of easily accessible organosilanes for functional sol-gel hybrid materials." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENCM0021.
Full textAbstract:
Les organosilices sont des matériaux en plein essor, qui combinent les propriétés des fragments organiques et ceux de la matrice siliciée. Ces matériaux hybrides ont trouvé des applications dans les domaines de la catalyse, de l'optique, de l'électronique etc. Ils peuvent être préparés par le procédé sol-gel à partir d'organosilanes contenant des fragments organiques à propriétés désirées. Pour former ces matériaux, il est essentiel de simplifier la préparation des organosilanes fonctionnels en réduisant le nombre d'étapes réactionnelles. Aussi, l'un des buts de cette thèse est de développer une méthode de préparation sélective, universelle et à spectre large pour les organo(trialcoxy)silanes. Dans ce but, la réaction Click de CuAAC, connue comme une approche simple de couplage, a été adaptée pour les composés sensibles à l'eau. En utilisant des azotures ou des alcynes contenant la fonction triéthoxysilane avec des partenaires organiques, nous avons réussi à préparer des séries de précurseurs silylés par réaction Click. La réaction est rapide, quantitative et sélective, et tolère une gamme étendue de substrats. De plus, de nouveaux alcynes et azotures comportant deux fonctions triéthoxysilyle ont été préparés, afin d'être clickés sur différentes molécules organiques. Ces précurseurs bissilylés sont des organo(triéthoxy)silanes clickables, précurseurs de silsesquioxanes pontés. En utilisant des molécules fonctionnelles comportant un seul site de dérivatisation, des organosilanes pontés peuvent être obtenus, présentant un fragment organique pendant. De plus, un précurseur contenant une fonction alcyne protégée a été obtenu, ce qui permettra la formation de matériaux multifonctionnels. Certains des précurseurs sol-gel obtenus ont été transformés en matériaux hybrides par le procédé sol-gel. Ceux contenant des fragments organiques connus comme des ligands chiraux actifs ont été choisis pour des tests en catalyse asymétrique. Par ce biais, des ligands chiraux supportés ont été formés, et testés pour quelques réactions bien connues. De plus, cette thèse s'est intéressée à la nano-structuration de matériaux. Des molécules contenant des systèmes aromatiques et des fonctions urée, capables de s'auto-assembler grâce à des interactions non covalentes, ont été conçues et préparées. Dans certains cas, en particulier les systèmes à base de Binol avec des fonctions urée, des nanostructures régulières ont été observées sur des surfaces localisées. En conclusion, les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont apporté de nouvelles possibilités pour la synthèse d'organo(triéthoxy)silanes, ainsi que des matériaux hybrides à propriétés et applications cibléesOrganosilicates are attracting considerable attention, owing to the combined properties of the organic fragment and inorganic silica matrix. These hybrid materials have found application in catalysis, optics, electronics, etc. They can be prepared by the sol-gel hydrolysis of functional organosilanes with the desired properties. To apply these materials in industry, it is essential to make the preparation of these silylated precursors easier and more efficient by reducing the number of reaction steps. Therefore one of the aims of this thesis is to develop a universal, wide scope and selective method of preparation for trialkoxyorganosilanes. For this purposes the “CuAAC reaction”, known for its simple approach, has been adapted for water-sensitive substrates. Using a silylated azide or silylated alkyne with an organic counterpart, we were able to prepare a series of clicked sol-gel precursors. The reaction is quantitative, fast, and selective and tolerates a wide range of substrates. Moreover, new bissilylated alkynes and azides which can be clicked to various organic molecules were prepared. They represent new families of bridged organotrialkoxysilanes to which a desired organic molecule, bearing only one bonding site, can be incorporated as a pending group with a targeted functionality. Furthermore, a bissilylated precursor bearing a protected alkyne function was prepared, allowing the synthesis of bifunctional materials. Some of the prepared precursors were transformed into hybrid silicas by the sol-gel process. Those containing organic molecules known as active chiral ligands for enantioselective reactions were chosen. By this way, supported chiral ligands were formed and we tested their activity according to known reactions. Additionally, in this thesis the structuring of the materials was also attempted. Molecules bearing aromatic systems and urea functions, which are capable of self-organization thanks to the weak non-covalent bonding interactions, were designed and prepared. In some cases, especially Binol systems with urea function, regular nanostructures on localized areas have been observed. Overall, this thesis brings new possibilities in the synthesis of both trialkoxyorganosilanes precursors and hybrid materials with desired properties and applications
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Shidore, Neeraj Shripad. "An omni-directional design tool for series hybrid electric vehicle design." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1590.
Full textAbstract:
System level parametric design of hybrid electric vehicles involves estimation of the power ratings as well as the values of certain parameters of the components, given the values of the performance parameters. The design is based on certain mathematical equations or design rules, which relate the component parameters and the performance parameters. The flow of the design algorithm is uni-directional and fixed, and cannot be altered.
This thesis proposes a new method for such parametric design, called omni- directional design, which does not have a fixed sequence like the conventional design, but can start with any parameters of the designers choice. The designer is also able to specify the input parameters over a range, instead of a point (one, fixed value) input. Scenarios having a point input, but values of an output which can vary over a range for the point input, can also be studied.
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Bergman, Robin, and Ping Löngren. "New Demands in Office Furniture Design for Hybrid Work." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300456.
Full textAbstract:
The project was carried out as a master’s thesis at Royal Institute of Technology, in collaboration withthe kitchen designer Lucks by Robo in Stockholm, Sweden. The purpose of this project was to analyze new demands on office furniture due to hybrid work & homeworking, a result of the covid-19 pandemic. The project was also to apply findings in some type of furniture for the home. Using a human-centered design process the project was to answer the following research questions; (1) What may the future of homeworking look like? (2) What are some common challenges people have when integrating part of their office into their homes and what furniture related needs or desires have emerged? and (3) What are some new characteristics needed to consider when designing furniture for the home office and how can they be applied in the product design? The project carried out a literature study of the hybrid work structure and its future, an extensive userstudy and a brand identity analysis. The project resulted in four main insights where one of the most crucial was the product system needed for an optimal home working environment. Five different groups who represent different levels of needs were identified. Application of the findings were also made through the product development of a piece of furniture for the work environment in the home in a Scandinavian and contemporary style. With a product focus, a height adjustable table was designed to fulfil the identified, functional and aesthetic needs and characteristics for the home office. The product was adapted for the manufacturing and production of Lucks. This resulted in a height adjustable table made of HDF, using four gas springs for the height adjustable mechanism.Projekt är ett master examensarbete utfört på KTH, Kungliga Teknisk Högskolan, i samarbete med köksföretaget Lucks by Robo, i Stockholm Sverige. Syftet med projektet är att analysera nya krav som ställs på möbelmarknad i samband med den hybrida arbetsstrukturen, mer specifikt den kraftiga ökningen av hemarbete som påverkats av covid-19 pandemin. Arbetet ska också applicera resultat i form av en möbel anpassat för hemarbetet. Med en människocentrerad designprocess skall projektet besvara följande forskningsfrågor; (1) Hur ser framtiden för hemarbete ut? (2) Vilka utmaningar uppstår då hemmet omvandlas till ett deltids kontor för hemarbetet och vilka möbelrelaterade behov och krav uppstår i samband med detta? och (3) Hur kan dessa krav och behov appliceras på en möbel för hemarbetet?Projektet utförde en litteraturstudie kring den hybrida arbetsstrukturen och dess framtid, en omfattande användarstudie och en analys av varumärkets identitet. Projektet resultera i fyra insikter, där en av de viktigaste var behovet av ett produktsystem för att optimera ett hemmakontor. Fem olika behovsgrupper av olika magnitud identifierades. Projektet applicerade även resultatet i ett produktutvecklingsarbete kring möbler för hemarbete. Detta resultera i ett produktfokus på ett höj och sänkbart bord designad föratt uppfylla identifierade krav som berörde både funktion och estetik för ett hemmakontor. Bordet är anpassad till Lucks by Robo’s produktion och tillverkning. Detta resultera i ett höj och sänkbartbord i HDF som använder sig av fyra gasfjädrar för dess höj och sänkbara funktion.
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Fu, Yao, and n/a. "Design of a hybrid magnetic and piezoelectric polymer microactuator." Swinburne University of Technology. Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060712.141636.
Full textAbstract:
Microsensors and microactuators are considered to be the most crucial elements
of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and devices. There has been growing interest
in the development of new microactuator technologies with an increasing requirement
for low cost microswitch arrays providing large air gap and large force at the
same time. In particular, large air gap/large force microactuators are essential for high
voltage switching in automobile electronics, test equipment switchboards and in network
remote reconfiguration. The necessity to reduce the size of actuators and at the
same time increase the force and the air gap has placed severe constraints on the suitability
of current microactuator technology for various applications. This has led to the
development of new actuator technologies based on novel materials or modifying existing
systems. As an effort in this direction, this thesis presents the details of the work on
the design, fabrication and testing of a new hybrid microactuator, combining electromagnetic
and piezoelectric actuation mechanisms.
The design and fabrication of electromagnetic actuators using planar coils and a
soft magnetic core has long been established. However, in many instances these designs
are constrained by difficulties in the fabrication of the multi layer planar coils, which is
tedious, often resulting in a low yield. Hence device performance is limited by the
maximum coil currents and thereby the maximum force able to be generated. In order to
overcome these problems, a hybrid actuator combining the electromagnetic system
along side of a piezoelectric actuation is proposed. This has been demonstrated to assist
in enhancing the total force and consequently achieving larger actuator displacements.
In this research a hybrid microactuator with a footprint of 10 mm2 was designed, fabricated
and tested. It can generate 330 쎠force and cover 100 쭠air gap as a microswitch.
Piezoelectric actuation has been used for many applications, due to its high precision
and speed. In these applications, piezo-ceramic materials, such as PZT and ZnO
were commonly used because they exhibit large piezoelectric coefficients. However,
there are also some difficulties associated with their use. Piezoelectric ceramic materials
are usually brittle, and have a relatively large Young?s modulus, thus limiting the
achievable strain. Furthermore, the deposition technologies required for preparing
thin/thick films of these ceramic materials need extensive optimization. Patterning these
films into required structures is also difficult. Hence, piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene
fluoride (PVDF) is chosen in this work in spite of the fact that these materials
have relatively lower piezoelectric coefficients. However, the low numerical Young?s
modulus values of these polymers facilitates large strain in the piezoelectric actuators.
The hybrid microactuator designed in this work comprises a piezoelectric composite
polymer cantilever with a planar electromagnetic coil structure beneath. The
composite cantilever consists of polarized piezoelectric polymer PVDF with an electroplated
permalloy layer on one side. The device includes a permalloy core at the centre
of a copper micro coil with a permanent magnetic film attached on the other side of the
silicon wafer (substrate) and is aligned axially with the permalloy core. The cantilever is
suspended from an electroplated 150 mm high nickel post.
Initially the principle was tested using hand wound electromagnetic coils with
permalloy wire as the core. The performance of such a hybrid actuator was evaluated. In
the next stage, a microactuator was fabricated using completely planar micro technologies,
such as high aspect ratio SU-8 lithography, laser micromachining, microembossing,
as well as copper and permalloy electroplating.
This micro device was designed by modelling and finite element method simulation
using ANSYS 7.1 and CoventorWare electromagnetic and piezoelectric solvers respectively.
This helped in understanding the critical aspects of the design at the same
time leading to the determination of the optimum parameters for the cantilever, micro
coils and the core. An analytical model has also been developed to validate the numerical
results obtained from finite element analysis.
The devices were tested and the experimental data obtained were compared with
the simulation results obtained from both the finite element calculations and from the analytical model. Good agreement was found between the experimental results and the
simulation.
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Robertson, Bradford E. "A hybrid probabilistic method to estimate design margin." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50375.
Full textAbstract:
Weight growth has been a significant factor in nearly every space and launch vehicle development program. In order to account for weight growth, program managers allocate a design margin. However, methods of estimating design margin are not well suited for the task of assigning a design margin for a novel concept. In order to address this problem, a hybrid method of estimating margin is developed. This hybrid method utilizes range estimating, a well-developed method for conducting a bottom-up weight analysis, and a new forecasting technique known as executable morphological analysis. Executable morphological analysis extends morphological analysis in order to extract quantitative information from the morphological field. Specifically, the morphological field is extended by adding attributes (probability and mass impact) to each condition. This extended morphological field is populated with alternate baseline options with corresponding probabilities of occurrence and impact. The overall impact of alternate baseline options can then be estimated by running a Monte Carlo analysis over the extended morphological field. This methodology was applied to two sample problems. First, the historical design changes of the Space Shuttle Orbiter were evaluated utilizing original mass estimates. Additionally, the FAST reference flight system F served as the basis for a complete sample problem; both range estimating and executable morphological analysis were performed utilizing the work breakdown structure created during the conceptual design of this vehicle.
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Sachot, Nadège. "Design of hybrid fibers for bone tissue engineering." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285335.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the conventional organic-inorganic composite materials developed for bone tissue engineering do not possess intimate interactions between their constituents. As a consequence, they generally degrade in a non-homogeneous manner and lose easily their integrity under mechanical load. On the other hand, their bioactive phase (i.e. inorganic) is often masked by the polymeric one, resulting in a non optimal bioactivity. To overcome these problems, hybrid materials can be produced. Hybrids are composites that exhibit an improved synergy between their compounds at the nanoscale. Using the sol-gel method and the electrospinning technique, it has been possible to deposit two kinds of hybrid fibers: one constituted by a Si-Ca-P2 bioactive ormoglass (organically modified glass) and polycaprolactone, and the other by a Ti-Ca-P2-Na2 bioactive ormoglass and polylactic acid. In addition to the sol-gel method, the use of ormoglasses aimed to improve the interactions between the constituents by combining phases of similar nature (organic fragments introduced in the glass network). Both biomaterials showed a promising potential for bone regeneration due to their inherent composition and ability to trigger specific cellular responses such as osteo and angiogenesis. Based on previous studies performed by our group, it was hypothesized that, combined with the other chemical and physical intrinsic properties of the materials, the calcium ions released from the materials played an important role in the promotion of these biological performances. Though, the interactions between the phases in such hybrids are considered as "weak" because they are simply prepared by blending the different compounds together. In fact, a study performed on the degradation of polylactic acid/Ti-Ca-P2-Na2 ormoglass fibers revealed that the materials resorbed in a heterogeneous and rapid manner. Therefore, a new protocol has been implemented to create hybrid fibers with strong chemical interactions between the ormoglass and the polymer. This strategy is based on a coating approach (polylactic acid fibers coated with an ormoglass) and enables the fabrication of scaffolds with controllable properties (surface roughness, composition, stiffness). This can be achieved by modifying the ormoglass composition itself or the level of hydrolysis of the ormoglass precursor solution, for example. One advantage of this approach is moreover the possibility to apply this coating strategy to other structures and, potentially, to other ormoglass systems. This protocol represents thus a significant step forward towards the development of functional artificial 3D biomaterials aimed for tissue engineering. From a general point of view, the work reported in this thesis demonstrates that polymer-ormoglass hybrid materials can be shaped as biomimicking fibrous structures, they are promising for the tissue engineering field and their properties can easily be tailored. Knowing that cells modulate their behavior according to the physical and chemical signals that they receive from artificial matrices, the development of these materials opens valuable perspectives of work for the future, especially in terms of materials' design.La gran majoria dels materials compostos orgànic-inorgànic convencionals no posseeixen els mínims requisits d'interacció mínima entre els seus constituents per poder ser aplicats en enginyeria tissular d'os. Com a conseqüència generalment degraden de manera inhomogènia perdent fàcilment la seva integritat sota una càrrega mecànica. D'altra banda, la fase bioactiva (per exemple, la fase inorgànica) sol esser emmascarada per la fase polimèrica resultant en una manca de bioactivitat. Per poder solucionar aquest problemes, podem recórrer als materials híbrids. Els materials híbrids son materials compostos que exhibeixen una millorada sinèrgia entres els seus constituents estructurats en la nanoescala. Fent servir el mètode sol-gel i la tècnica d'electrofilat és possible el dipòsit de dos tipus de fibres: unes constituïdes per un ormoglass (vidre modificat orgànicament) dintre del sistema Si-Ca-P2 juntament amb policaprolactona; i unes altres constituïdes per un ormoglass del sistema Ti-Ca-P2-Na2 i àcid polilàctic. A més, s'espera que l'ús d'ormoglasses ajudi a millorar les interaccions entre els diferents constituents en combinar fases de la mateixa naturalesa (fragments orgànics introduïdes en la xarxa vítria). Ambdós biomaterials van mostrar un potencial prometedor per regeneració òssia degut a la seva inherent composició i habilitat per promoure respostes cel·lulars específiques com osteo i angiogènesi. Segons estudis previs fets al nostre grup, es va hipotetitzar que la combinació de determinades propietats químiques i físiques del material, com la capacitat d'alliberació de calci iònic, jugaven un paper important en la promoció de determinades respostes biològiques. Com les interaccions entre aquestes fases està considera dèbil per què només han sigut preparades per un procés de barrejat (blending) dels diferents constituents junts. De fet, un dels estudis aquí presentats encara mostren que és necessari una implementació per ralentir el procés de degradació. Per això, s'ha implementat un nou protocol per crear fibres híbrides amb una forta interacció entre l'ormoglass i el polímer. Aquesta estratègia està basada en un recobriment (fibres d'àcid polilàctic recobertes covalentment de l'ormoglass) i permet la fabricació de bastides amb propietats superficials molt control·lades (rugositat superficial, composició i rigidesa). Es pot aconseguir mitjançant la modificació de la composició de l'ormoglass, per exemple, o el nivell d'hidròlisi de la solució precursora inicial. Una gran avantatge és la possibilitar d'adaptar aquesta estratègia en altres estructures i altres sistemes d'ormoglasses. Aquest protocol representa un pas rellevant cap el desenvolupament de biomaterials 3D funcionals per enginyeria de teixits. Des d'un punt de vista general, el treball descrit en aquesta tesi demostra que un híbrid polímer-ormoglass es pot produir i mimetitzar en fibres, i les seves propietats es poden modular i controlar. Tenint en compte que les cèl·lules adapten la seva resposta en part les diferents senyals químiques i físiques que reben de la matriu artificial, el desenvolupament d'aquest materials esdevé una opció amb unes grans perspectives en el futur, especialment en termes de disseny de materials.
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Ozen, Etkin. "Design Of Smart Controllers For Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606540/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on the feasibility of designing a commercial hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). In this work, relevant system models are developed for the vehicle including powertrain, braking system, electrical machines and battery. Based on these models ten different HEV configurations are assembled for detailed assessment of fuel consumption. This thesis also proposes a smart power management strategy which could be applied to any kind of HEV configuration. The suggested expert system deals with the external information about the driving conditions and modes of the driver as well as the internal states of the internal combustion engine efficiency and the state of charge of the battery, and decides on the power distribution between two different power supplies based on the predefined algorithms. The study illustrates the characteristics of the powertrain components for various HEV configurations. The work also shows the power flow of HEV configurations with the developed smart power management system and therefore, the effectiveness of power management strategies has been evaluated in detail.
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Reyngoud, Benjamin Peter. "Hybrid materials design to control creep in pipes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10857.
Full textAbstract:
A hybrid material design has been developed to improve creep performance in pressurized metallic pipes subjected to high temperatures. Metallic pipes were reinforced with various arrangements of external wires which have substantially greater creep resistance than the pipe material. This research was conducted to explore the field of reinforcement of piping for creep reduction, exploit the creep strength of refractory metals, and investigate structure-property relationships in architectured materials. Two basic wire reinforcement architectures were tested, simple helical windings and braided sleeves. By adjusting the architecture of the reinforcement, apparent tangential (hoop) and longitudinal stresses on the pipe are altered, thereby allowing multiaxial creep strains to be controlled. The utilization of a reinforcement layer in a hybrid layup, where it is not bonded or embedded in a matrix is a relatively unexplored field. Hybridization allows the most desirable properties to be extracted from each component and have them work together in parallel. The use of braided refractory reinforcement is also a particularly novel concept, with refractory materials for reinforcement purposes traditionally being utilized in particle, whisker and discontinuous fibre form. Rather than testing in a uniaxial stress state, the present approach to creep testing pressurized pipes at high temperature remains largely underutilized, and is especially relevant to industry applications where creep takes place in the complex, multiaxial stress state of a pressurized pipe. In a low-temperature reinforcement architecture optimization study of a brass-stainless steel system, designed for ease of fabrication and to negate oxidation issues, pipes were pressurized and creep rupture tested at 400°C. Even in an unoptimized state, braided reinforcement was observed to out-perform a simple iv helical wrap by at least 22%, giving a 10-times life extension without rupture, and a reduction in creep rate in excess of 45-times for reinforcement oriented at a 50°. A simple analytical model from reinforced pressure vessel theory predicts a neutral angle (θN) of 54.7°, at which point the reinforcement is oriented to act proportionally to the applied pressure stresses. An empirical model of effective creep rate with varying reinforcement angle was derived in the present study, and used to find that a braid angle of approximately 54.7±1.5° is optimal to minimize the effective multiaxial creep rate of a hybrid pipe under internal pressure, reducing it to the point of being negligible. The braided reinforcement was observed to be constantly shifting towards the equilibrium point of θN, but only for initial angles below θN. This concept of braid reorientation is generally associated with rapid elastic deformation or static reinforcement of systems at room temperature, and the gradual shift towards θN facilitated by creep deformation has not been reported previously. A relationship for -θ (i.e. creep rate for a given reinforcement angle) was derived, including the reduction in as θ tends to θN. Findings of this optimization study were applied to a high temperature system which served as an acceleration of reformer furnace operating conditions: 253MA pipes were reinforced with tungsten wire and creep rupture tested at 1030-1040°C. Using braided reinforcement oriented at 52.6±1.4° a life extension in excess of 700x was observed, with no signs of bulk deformation after a 309x life extension. These high temperature results were considered in light of the intended industry application, with a balance of life extension, weight reduction and increased operating temperature preferred over outright life extension for the reformer furnace application.
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PAULA, FREDERICO BRAIDA RODRIGUES DE. "DESIGN HYBRID LANGUAGE: A STUDY ABOUT CONTEMPORARY EXPRESSIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21841@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta tese aborda o tema da linguagem híbrida do design. É o resultado de uma pesquisa motivada pela investigação da lógica que preside as formações híbridas no campo do design. Com o objetivo de evidenciar os substratos semióticos dos processos de hibridização presentes nos produtos (no sentido lato), o trabalho partiu de uma visão contemporânea para afirmar que, ontologicamente, o hibridismo está presente na linguagem do design. A postura adotada reconhece o design a partir de suas relações transversais com as ciências das linguagens, portanto, os aportes teóricos da pesquisa estão no próprio campo, bem como na semiótica e na comunicação. Ao final, com a explicitação da tipologia da linguagem híbrida do design, um instrumento tanto para leitura e análise quanto para a projetação de produtos híbridos, ratifica-se a hipótese da pesquisa e conclui-se que toda a profusão diferenciada de hibridismos no design se dá no âmbito das dimensões semióticas dos produtos. Produtos esses, que não são senão frutos de misturas e combinações que se reduzem a três tipos principais: hibridismo sintático, hibridismo semântico e hibridismo pragmático.
This thesis deals with design hybrid language. It is the result of a research concerning logical investigation regarding issues upon hybrid formations in the design field. In order to show the semiotics layers in products hybridization processes (in a broad sense), this work begins laying a contemporary perception to ontologically affirm that hybridism is presented in design language. The methodology regards design from its transverse relationships with language science; in this way, the research’s theoretical attributes are in its field as in semiotics and in communications. At the end of this study, as design hybrid language categories are explicitly shown, a tool for reading, analysis and hybrid products projections confirms the research hypotheses and concludes that all differentiated profusion in design hybridism is laid in the products semiotics dimensions. These products are the result of mixture and combinations which main types should be enhanced and called as: syntax hybridism, semantics hybridism and pragmatics hybridism.
Esta tesis aborda el tema del lenguaje híbrido del diseño. Es el resultado de una investigación motivada por la averiguación de la lógica que preside las formaciones híbridas en el campo del diseño. Con el objetivo de evidenciar los substratos semióticos de los procesos de hibridización presentes en los productos (en sentido lato), el trabajo partió de una visión contemporánea para afirmar que, ontológicamente, el hibridismo está presente en el lenguaje del diseño. La postura adoptada reconoce el diseño a partir de sus relaciones transversales con las ciencias de los lenguajes, por lo tanto, los aportes teóricos de la investigación están en el propio campo, bien como en la semiótica y en la comunicación. Al final, con la explicitación de la tipología del lenguaje híbrido del diseño, un instrumento tanto para lectura y análisis como para el diseño de productos híbridos, se ratifica la hipótesis de la investigación y se concluye que toda la profusión diferenciada de hibridismos en el diseño se da en el ámbito de las dimensiones semióticas de los productos. Productos estos, que son si no frutos de mezclas y combinaciones que se reducen a tres tipos principales: hibridismo sintáctico, hibridismo semántico e hibridismo pragmático.
Cette thèse aborde la question du language hybride du design (concept). Elle est le résultat d’une recherche motivée par l’enquête de la logique derrière les formations hybrides dans le domaine du design. Afin de mettre en évidence les substrats sémiotiques des processus de l’hybridation dans le produit (dans le sens le plus large), le travail est venu à partir d’une vision contemporaine de dire que, ontologiquement, l’hybridité est présent dans le language du design. L’approche adoptée reconnaît le design à partir de ses articulations avec les sciences du language, par conséquent, les soutiens théoriques de la recherche sont dans leus propre domaine, ainsi que dans la sémiothique et la communication. A la fin, avec l’explication de la typologie du language hybride du design, un outil à la fois pour la lecture et l’analyse et pour la projection de produits hybrides, on peut confirmer l’hypothèse de la recherche et concluire que la multitude de différentes hybridismes se produire dans les dimensions sémiotiques des produits. Ces produits, quis sont des résultats des mélanges et des combinaisons, sont résumés en trois types principaux: hybridité syntaxique, hybridité sémantique et hybridité pragmatique.
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Ahn, Sehyun. "Hybrid user interfaces : design guidelines and implementation examples." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34382.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Civ. E.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 91).
A hybrid user interface is a new type of computer user interface that achieves high usability by combining features of graphical user interfaces and command line interfaces. The main goal of a hybrid user interface is to increase the efficiency of a system that is used to perform repetitive tasks. By adopting the string-based input mechanism of command line interfaces, users of a hybrid user interface are able to populate graphical components using only the keyboard, eliminating the inefficiency of the computer mouse for repetitive tasks. Especially, for applications that require repetitive tasks such as entering multiple data and managing system administration, a hybrid user interface enhances the efficiency of the system significantly. A hybrid user interface can be developed as a new application or can supplement an existing graphical user interface when the efficiency of the system is of major concern.
by Sehyun Ahn.
Civ.E.
49
"Supervisory Control Optimization with Sequential Quadratic Programming for Parallel Hybrid Vehicle with Synchronous Power Sources." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.44420.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: The thesis covers the development and modeling of the supervisory hybrid controller using two different methods to achieve real-world optimization and power split of a parallel hybrid vehicle with a fixed shaft connecting the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Electric Motor (EM). The first strategy uses a rule based controller to determine modes the vehicle should operate in. This approach is well suited for real-world applications. The second approach uses Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) approach in conjunction with an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) strategy to keep the vehicle in the most efficient operating regions. This latter method is able to operate the vehicle in various drive cycles while maintaining the SOC with-in allowed charge sustaining (CS) limits. Further, the overall efficiency of the vehicle for all drive cycles is increased. The limitation here is the that process is computationally expensive; however, with advent of the low cost high performance hardware this method can be used for the hybrid vehicle control.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Engineering 2017
50
Hsieh, Hao-hsing, and 謝皓行. "Hybrid and Mutant Design." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37848977025332780231.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
工業設計系碩士班
100
The evolution of species depends on the process of phenotypic trait transcribing from generation to generation, creating biodiversity by hybrid and mutation, then leaving the species which adopt to the environment. Products also meet the evolution process, they evolve through generations, including the factors of cultures, techniques... etc., to develop the products which meet people''s requirement. Human always have various needs. What the design nowadays has been frequently criticized is that a new problem comes out when an old problem was solved. The designers dedicate to solve problems, but it seems that problems are always there; A perfect product doesn''t exist, but people are able to not only innovate but also looking forward to the innovation. Therefore, from the perspectives of biodiversity and evolution, evolving is always a process; We should regard the overflowing products of this generation as a kind of evolving process, and regard hybrid and mutation as a kind of manipulate technique, to think the function that is possibly brought.