Journal articles on the topic 'Hybrid complete/incomplete approaches'
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1
LETOMBE, FLORIAN, and JOAO MARQUES-SILVA. "HYBRID INCREMENTAL ALGORITHMS FOR BOOLEAN SATISFIABILITY." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 21, no. 06 (December 2012): 1250025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021821301250025x.
Abstract:
Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) solvers have been successfully applied to a wide range of practical applications, including hardware model checking, software model finding, equivalence checking, and planning, among many others. SAT solvers are also the building block of more sophisticated decision procedures, including Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solvers. The large number of applications of SAT yields ever more challenging problem instances, and motivate the development of more efficient algorithms. Recent work studied hybrid approaches for SAT, which involves integrating incomplete and complete SAT solvers. This paper proposes a number of improvements to hybrid SAT solvers. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimizations are effective. The resulting algorithms in general perform better and, more importantly, are significantly more robust.
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Trivellone, Valeria, Yanghui Cao, and Christopher H. Dietrich. "Comparison of Traditional and Next-Generation Approaches for Uncovering Phytoplasma Diversity, with Discovery of New Groups, Subgroups and Potential Vectors." Biology 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11070977.
Abstract:
Despite several decades’ effort to detect and identify phytoplasmas (Mollicutes) using PCR and Sanger sequencing focusing on diseased plants, knowledge of phytoplasma biodiversity and vector associations remains highly incomplete. To improve protocols for documenting phytoplasma diversity and ecology, we used DNA extracted from phloem-feeding insects and compared traditional Sanger sequencing with a next-generation sequencing method, Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) for detecting and characterizing phytoplasmas. Among 22 of 180 leafhopper samples that initially tested positive for phytoplasmas using qPCR, AHE yielded phytoplasma 16Sr sequences for 20 (19 complete and 1 partial sequence) while Sanger sequencing yielded sequences for 16 (11 complete and 5 partial). AHE yielded phytoplasma sequences for an additional 7 samples (3 complete and 4 partial) that did not meet the qPCR threshold for phytoplasma positivity or yielded non-phytoplasma sequences using Sanger sequencing. This suggests that AHE is more efficient for obtaining phytoplasma sequences. Twenty-three samples with sufficient data were classified into eight 16Sr subgroups (16SrI-B, I-F, I-AO, III-U, V-C, IX-J, XI-C, XXXVII-A), three new subgroups (designated as 16SrVI-L, XV-D, XI-G) and three possible new groups. Our results suggest that screening phloem-feeding insects using qPCR and AHE sequencing may be the most efficient method for discovering new phytoplasmas.
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Jamil, Muhammad, Farkhanda Afzal, Ali Akgül, Saleem Abdullah, Ayesha Maqbool, Abdul Razzaque, Muhammad Bilal Riaz, and Jan Awrejcewicz. "Einstein Aggregation Operators under Bipolar Neutrosophic Environment with Applications in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 10045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910045.
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In this article, we introduce bipolar neutrosophic (BN) aggregation operators (AOs) as a revolutionary notion in aggregation operators (AOs) by applying Einstein operations to bipolar neutrosophic aggregation operators (AOs), with its application related to a real-life problem. The neutrosophic set is able to drawout the incomplete, inconsistent and indeterminate information pretty efficiently. Initially, we present essential definitions along with operations correlated to the neutrosophic set (NS) and its generalization, the bipolar neutrosophic set (BNS). The Einstein aggregation operators are our primary targets, such asthe BN Einstein weighted average (BNEWA), BN Einstein ordered weighted average (BNEOWA), BN Einstein hybrid average (BNEHA), BN Einstein weighted geometric (BNEWG), BN Einstein ordered weighted geometric (BNEOWG) and BN Einstein hybrid geometric (BNEHG), as well as their required properties. The most important benefit of using the suggested approaches is that they provide decision-makers with complete sight of the issue. These techniques, when compared to other methods, provide complete, progressive and precise findings. Lastly, by means of diverse types of newly introduced aggregation operators and a numerical illustration by an example, we suggest an innovative method to be used for multi-criteria community decision-making (DM). This illustrates the utility and applicability of this new strategy when facing real-world problems.
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Amin, Faiza, Muhammad Amber Fareed, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Zohaib Khurshid, Paulo J. Palma, and Naresh Kumar. "Degradation and Stabilization of Resin-Dentine Interfaces in Polymeric Dental Adhesives: An Updated Review." Coatings 12, no. 8 (August 1, 2022): 1094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12081094.
Abstract:
Instability of the dentine-resin interface is owed to the partial/incomplete penetration of the resin adhesives in the collagen fibrils. However, interfacial hydrolysis of the resin-matrix hybrid layer complex activates the collagenolytic and esterase enzymes that cause the degradation of the hybrid layer. Adequate hybridization is often prevented due to the water trapped between the interfibrillar spaces of the collagen network. Cyclic fatigue rupture and denaturation of the exposed collagen fibrils have been observed on repeated application of masticatory forces. To prevent interfacial microstructure, various approaches have been explored. Techniques that stabilize the resin–dentine bond have utilized endogenous proteases inhibitors, cross linking agents’ incorporation in the exposed collagen fibrils, an adhesive system free of water, and methods to increase the monomer penetration into the adhesives interface. Therefore, it is important to discover and analyze the causes of interfacial degradation and discover methods to stabilize the hybrid layer to execute new technique and materials. To achieve a predictable and durable adhesive resin, restoration is a solution to the many clinical problems arising due to microleakage, loss of integrity of the restoration, secondary caries, and postoperative sensitivity. To enhance the longevity of the resin-dentine bond strength, several experimental strategies have been carried out to improve the resistance to enzymatic degradation by inhibiting intrinsic collagenolytic activity. In addition, biomimetic remineralization research has advanced considerably to contemporary approaches of both intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar remineralization of dental hard tissues. Thus, in the presence of biomimetic analog complete remineralization of collagen, fibers are identified.
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Jiang, Jiamin, and Rami M. Younis. "Hybrid Coupled Discrete-Fracture/Matrix and Multicontinuum Models for Unconventional-Reservoir Simulation." SPE Journal 21, no. 03 (June 15, 2016): 1009–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/178430-pa.
Abstract:
Summary Unconventional reservoirs are the focus of considerable attention as a primary energy source. Numerical simulation is a core kernel of reservoir-engineering work flows for reservoir evaluation, optimization, and management. Accurate and efficient numerical simulation of unconventional reservoirs is challenging. There is substantial physical complexity involving a number of tightly coupled mechanisms in the modeling of these reservoirs. The complexity is further amplified by the multicontinuum nature of the stimulated formation, and the complex fracture networks with a wide range of fracture-length scales and topologies. To adequately capture the effects of the multiscaled fracture system, we develop two alternative hybrid approaches that are aimed at combining the advantages of multicontinuum and discrete-fracture/matrix (DFM) representations. During the development of unconventional resources, geological and geophysical information may be available in some cases to suggest a prior characterization, whereas in many other cases, this prior model may be incomplete and limited to hydraulic fractures. The two hybrid approaches could be used for different applications depending on the available characterization data and different requirements for efficiency and accuracy considerations. The first hybrid model couples an embedded-discrete-fracture model (EDFM) with multiple interacting continua (MINC) into EDFM/MINC, which simulates the fracture network characterized by stimulated-reservoir-volume (SRV) concept. This optimized model can reduce the computational cost that is associated with the widely applied logarithmically spaced/locally refined (LS/LR) DFM technique, while improving the flexibility to model the complex geometry of hydraulic fractures. The MINC concept allows the hybrid model to handle the extreme contrast in conductivity between the small-scale fracture network and the ultratight matrix that results in steep potential gradients. For the second class of hybrid model (unstructured DFM/continuum), the primary fractures are described by use of DFM with unstructured gridding, and the small-scale fractures are simulated by continuum-type approaches in a fully coupled manner. Optimized local-grid refinement is used to accurately handle the transient-flow regime around primary fractures. An upscaling technique that applies EDFM on the detailed realization of the discrete-fracture network by use of the target unstructured grid to generate an appropriate dual-permeability model is also developed. The upscaling technique is suitable for cases where a detailed prior model for the complete fracture network is available. Simulation studies demonstrate the applicability of the developed hybrid-fracture models. Model verification is conducted against several reference solutions.
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Kirkbride, Ryan C., Jie Lu, Changqing Zhang, Rebecca A. Mosher, David C. Baulcombe, and Z. Jeffrey Chen. "Maternal small RNAs mediate spatial-temporal regulation of gene expression, imprinting, and seed development in Arabidopsis." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 7 (January 28, 2019): 2761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807621116.
Abstract:
Arabidopsis seed development involves maternal small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that induce RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) through the NRPD1-mediated pathway. To investigate their biological functions, we characterized siRNAs in the endosperm and seed coat that were separated by laser-capture microdissection (LCM) in reciprocal genetic crosses with an nrpd1 mutant. We also monitored the spatial-temporal activity of the NRPD1-mediated pathway on seed development using the AGO4:GFP::AGO4 (promoter:GFP::protein) reporter and promoter:GUS sensors of siRNA-mediated silencing. From these approaches, we identified four distinct groups of siRNA loci dependent on or independent of the maternal NRPD1 allele in the endosperm or seed coat. A group of maternally expressed NRPD1-siRNA loci targets endosperm-preferred genes, including those encoding AGAMOUS-LIKE (AGL) transcription factors. Using translational promoter:AGL::GUS constructs as sensors, we demonstrate that spatial and temporal expression patterns of these genes in the endosperm are regulated by the NRPD1-mediated pathway irrespective of complete silencing (AGL91) or incomplete silencing (AGL40) of these target genes. Moreover, altered expression of these siRNA-targeted genes affects seed size. We propose that the corresponding maternal siRNAs could account for parent-of-origin effects on the endosperm in interploidy and hybrid crosses. These analyses reconcile previous studies on siRNAs and imprinted gene expression during seed development.
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Ansótegui, Carlos, Felip Manyà, Jesus Ojeda, Josep M. Salvia, and Eduard Torres. "Incomplete MaxSAT approaches for combinatorial testing." Journal of Heuristics 28, no. 4 (August 2022): 377–431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10732-022-09495-3.
Abstract:
AbstractWe present a Satisfiability (SAT)-based approach for building Mixed Covering Arrays with Constraints of minimum length, referred to as the Covering Array Number problem. This problem is central in Combinatorial Testing for the detection of system failures. In particular, we show how to apply Maximum Satisfiability (MaxSAT) technology by describing efficient encodings for different classes of complete and incomplete MaxSAT solvers to compute optimal and suboptimal solutions, respectively. Similarly, we show how to solve through MaxSAT technology a closely related problem, the Tuple Number problem, which we extend to incorporate constraints. For this problem, we additionally provide a new MaxSAT-based incomplete algorithm. The extensive experimental evaluation we carry out on the available Mixed Covering Arrays with Constraints benchmarks and the comparison with state-of-the-art tools confirm the good performance of our approaches.
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Davletov, F. A., K. P. Gainullina, А. М. Dmitriev, and E. V. Badamshina. "Inheritance features of productivity traits in pea hybrids F<sub>1</sub> and F<sub>2</sub>." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 3 (July 6, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2023-86-3-21-28.
Abstract:
The main reserve for improving of pea grain production is the development of new highly productive varieties. In this case, intraspecific hybridization is the main tool, but the patterns of inheritance by hybrids of several economically valuable traits are still insufficiently studied. The purpose of the current work was to establish the inheritance nature of productivity traits in pea hybrids. The trials were carried out in 2020–2022. The objects of the study were 8 pea hybrid combinations F1 and F2. The estimation of the collection and hybrid material was carried out in accordance with the Methodology of the State Variety Testing (2019). Segregation analysis in F1 pea hybrids has revealed different types of inheritance of the studied quantitative traits, from hybrid depression to overdominance. According to ‘plant height’, the dominance degree (hp) varied from 0 to 3.00. According to ‘number of pods per plant’ it varied from –0.50 to 3.00. According to ‘number of beans per pod’ it varied from 1.67 to 4.00. According to ‘1000-seed weight’ it varied from 0.20 to 0.44. Hybridological analysis of F2 pea plants based on ‘plant height’ in 4 hybrid combinations has revealed incomplete negative dominance (hp from –0.20 to –0.43), in 4 hybrid combinations it was incomplete dominance (hp from 0.60 to 0.69). According to ‘number of pods per plant’, two hybrid combinations have shown complete dominance (hp = 1.00), one hybrid combination has shown incomplete dominance (hp = 0.35), five hybrid combinations have shown incomplete negative dominance (hp from –0.50 to –0, 71). The trait ‘1000-seed weight’ in all hybrid combinations was inherited according to the type of incomplete dominance (hp from 0.10 to 0.16). According to ‘number of beans per pod’, four hybrid combinations have shown incomplete dominance (hp from 0.67 to 0.83); one hybrid combination has shown incomplete negative dominance (hp = –0.50); three hybrid combinations have shown complete negative dominance (hp = –1.00).
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Auchmuty, Rosemary. "Feminist Approaches to Sexuality and Law Scholarship." Legal Information Management 15, no. 1 (March 2015): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669615000055.
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AbstractSexuality and Law scholarship is a new and developing field but, like most legal scholarship, it is dominated by masculine concerns and methodologies. This article, by Rosemary Auchmuty, explains why research that ignores feminist concerns and methodologies will be incomplete and inaccurate, and suggests questions that should be asked of resources to ensure a complete and accurate coverage of the topic.
10
Levshina, Natalia. "Semantic maps of causation: New hybrid approaches based on corpora and grammar descriptions." Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 41, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 179–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfs-2021-2043.
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Abstract The present paper discusses connectivity and proximity maps of causative constructions and combines them with different types of typological data. In the first case study, I show how one can create a connectivity map based on a parallel corpus. This allows us to solve many problems, such as incomplete descriptions, inconsistent terminology and the problem of determining the semantic nodes. The second part focuses on proximity maps based on Multidimensional Scaling and compares the most important semantic distinctions, which are inferred from a parallel corpus of film subtitles and from grammar descriptions. The results suggest that corpus-based maps of tokens are more sensitive to cultural and genre-related differences in the prominence of specific causation scenarios than maps based on constructional types, which are described in reference grammars. The grammar-based maps also reveal a less clear structure, which can be due to incomplete semantic descriptions in grammars. Therefore, each approach has its shortcomings, which researchers need to be aware of.
11
Matys, Tomasz, Tariq Ali, Fulvio Zaccagna, Damiano G. Barone, Ramez W. Kirollos, and Tarik F. Massoud. "Ossification of the pterygoalar and pterygospinous ligaments: a computed tomography analysis of infratemporal fossa anatomical variants relevant to percutaneous trigeminal rhizotomy." Journal of Neurosurgery 132, no. 6 (June 2020): 1942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.2.jns182709.
Abstract:
OBJECTIVEOssification of pterygoalar and pterygospinous ligaments traversing the superior aspect of the infratemporal fossa results in formation of osseous bars that can obstruct percutaneous needle access to the trigeminal ganglion through the foramen ovale (FO), interfere with lateral mandibular nerve block, and impede transzygomatic surgical approaches. Presence of these ligaments has been studied on dry skulls, but description of their radiological anatomy is scarce, in particular on cross-sectional imaging. The aim of this study was to describe visualization of pterygoalar and pterygospinous bars on computed tomography (CT) and to review their prevalence and clinical significance.METHODSThe authors retrospectively reviewed 200 helical sinonasal CT scans by analyzing 0.75- to 1.0-mm axial images, maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions, and volume rendered (VR) images, including views along the anticipated axis of the needle in percutaneous Hartel and submandibular approaches to the FO.RESULTSOssified pterygoalar and pterygospinous ligaments were readily identifiable on CT scans. An ossified pterygoalar ligament was demonstrated in 10 patients, including 1 individual with bilateral complete ossification (0.5%), 4 patients with unilateral complete ossification (2.0%), and 5 with incomplete unilateral ossification (2.5%). Nearly all patients with pterygoalar bars were male (90%, p < 0.01). An ossified pterygospinous ligament was seen in 35 patients, including 2 individuals with bilateral complete (1.0%), 8 with unilateral complete (4%), 8 with bilateral incomplete (4.0%), 12 with bilateral incomplete (6.0%) ossification, and 5 (2.5%) with mixed ossification (complete on one side and incomplete on the contralateral side). All pterygoalar bars interfered with a hypothetical needle access to the FO using the Hartel approach but not the submandibular approach. In contrast, 54% of complete and 24% of incomplete pterygospinous bars impeded the submandibular approach to the FO, without affecting the Hartel approach.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides the first detailed description of cross-sectional radiological and applied surgical anatomy of pterygoalar and pterygospinous bars. Our data are clinically useful during skull base imaging to predict potential obstacles to percutaneous cannulation of the FO and assist in the choice of approach, as these two variants differentially impede the Hartel and submandibular access routes. Our results can also be useful in planning surgical approaches to the skull base through the infratemporal fossa.
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Liu, Yaya, Keyun Qin, Chang Rao, and Mahamuda Alhaji Mahamadu. "Object–Parameter Approaches to Predicting Unknown Data in an Incomplete Fuzzy Soft Set." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 27, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2017-0011.
Abstract:
Abstract The research on incomplete fuzzy soft sets is an integral part of the research on fuzzy soft sets and has been initiated recently. In this work, we first point out that an existing approach to predicting unknown data in an incomplete fuzzy soft set suffers from some limitations and then we propose an improved method. The hidden information between both objects and parameters revealed in our approach is more comprehensive. Furthermore, based on the similarity measures of fuzzy sets, a new adjustable object-parameter approach is proposed to predict unknown data in incomplete fuzzy soft sets. Data predicting converts an incomplete fuzzy soft set into a complete one, which makes the fuzzy soft set applicable not only to decision making but also to other areas. The compared results elaborated through rate exchange data sets illustrate that both our improved approach and the new adjustable object-parameter one outperform the existing method with respect to forecasting accuracy.
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Liu, Suyuan, Junpu Zhang, Yi Wen, Xihong Yang, Siwei Wang, Yi Zhang, En Zhu, Chang Tang, Long Zhao, and Xinwang Liu. "Sample-Level Cross-View Similarity Learning for Incomplete Multi-View Clustering." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 12 (March 24, 2024): 14017–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i12.29310.
Abstract:
Incomplete multi-view clustering has attracted much attention due to its ability to handle partial multi-view data. Recently, similarity-based methods have been developed to explore the complete relationship among incomplete multi-view data. Although widely applied to partial scenarios, most of the existing approaches are still faced with two limitations. Firstly, fusing similarities constructed individually on each view fails to yield a complete unified similarity. Moreover, incomplete similarity generation may lead to anomalous similarity values with column sum constraints, affecting the final clustering results. To solve the above challenging issues, we propose a Sample-level Cross-view Similarity Learning (SCSL) method for Incomplete Multi-view Clustering. Specifically, we project all samples to the same dimension and simultaneously construct a complete similarity matrix across views based on the inter-view sample relationship and the intra-view sample relationship. In addition, a simultaneously learning consensus representation ensures the validity of the projection, which further enhances the quality of the similarity matrix through the graph Laplacian regularization. Experimental results on six benchmark datasets demonstrate the ability of SCSL in processing incomplete multi-view clustering tasks. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/Tracesource/SCSL.
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Zimmerman, D. C., S. W. Smith, H. M. Kim, and T. J. Bartkowicz. "An Experimental Study of Structural Health Monitoring Using Incomplete Measurements." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888333.
Abstract:
In this paper, algorithmic approaches to enhance structural health monitoring capability when faced with incomplete measurements are addressed. The incomplete measurement problem has two aspects: (i) experimental measurement of a lesser number of modes of vibration than that of the analytical model and (ii) experimental measurement of a lesser number of degrees of freedom than that of the analytical model. Studies comparing model reduction, eigenvector expansion, and a hybrid model reduction/eigenvector expansion to address the second contribution are performed using experimental data. These approaches to the incomplete measurement problem are evaluated within the frameworks of multiple-constraint matrix adjustment (both sparsity and nonsparsity preserving algorithms) and minimum rank perturbation theory, which are both applicable for model refinement as well as damage location. Experimental evaluation of the proposed approaches utilize data from the NASA Langley Research Center 8-bay truss and McDonnell Douglas Aerospace 10-bay truss facilities.
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Rades, Dirk, Fedor Heidenreich, Marcos Tatagiba, Almuth Brandis, and Johann Hinrich Karstens. "Therapeutic options for meningeal melanocytoma." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 95, no. 2 (October 2001): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2001.95.2.0225.
Abstract:
✓ Meningeal melanocytomas are uncommon lesions. They are generally considered to be benign tumors that derive from leptomeningeal melanocytes. A rare case of a metastatic spinal meningeal melanocytoma is presented. All relevant cases reported in literature since 1972, when the term “meningeal melanocytoma” was first used, were reviewed. Rates of tumor recurrence from 1 to 5 years were calculated for this rare lesion, based on published data and on additional information obtained from personal contact with most of the authors. Recurrency rates of 47 patients suitable for evaluation were correlated with the different therapeutic approaches. Complete tumor resection alone and incomplete resection alone followed by irradiation appeared to be superior to incomplete resection alone in terms of disease-free survival. Statistical significance was achieved for complete tumor resection at follow up between 1 and 4 years (range p = 0.010–0.050) and for incomplete resection combined with radiotherapy after 2 years (p = 0.034). Complete tumor resection should be considered the best therapeutic option, followed by incomplete resection combined with postoperative radiotherapy.
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Zhang, Pei, Siwei Wang, Jingtao Hu, Zhen Cheng, Xifeng Guo, En Zhu, and Zhiping Cai. "Adaptive Weighted Graph Fusion Incomplete Multi-View Subspace Clustering." Sensors 20, no. 20 (October 10, 2020): 5755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205755.
Abstract:
With the enormous amount of multi-source data produced by various sensors and feature extraction approaches, multi-view clustering (MVC) has attracted developing research attention and is widely exploited in data analysis. Most of the existing multi-view clustering methods hold on the assumption that all of the views are complete. However, in many real scenarios, multi-view data are often incomplete for many reasons, e.g., hardware failure or incomplete data collection. In this paper, we propose an adaptive weighted graph fusion incomplete multi-view subspace clustering (AWGF-IMSC) method to solve the incomplete multi-view clustering problem. Firstly, to eliminate the noise existing in the original space, we transform complete original data into latent representations which contribute to better graph construction for each view. Then, we incorporate feature extraction and incomplete graph fusion into a unified framework, whereas two processes can negotiate with each other, serving for graph learning tasks. A sparse regularization is imposed on the complete graph to make it more robust to the view-inconsistency. Besides, the importance of different views is automatically learned, further guiding the construction of the complete graph. An effective iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the resulting optimization problem with convergence. Compared with the existing state-of-the-art methods, the experiment results on several real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and advancement of our proposed method.
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Stogiannos, Evangelos, Christos Papalitsas, and Theodore Andronikos. "Experimental Analysis of Quantum Annealers and Hybrid Solvers Using Benchmark Optimization Problems." Mathematics 10, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10081294.
Abstract:
This paper studies the Hamiltonian cycle problem (HCP) and the traveling salesman problem (TSP) on D-Wave quantum systems. Motivated by the fact that most libraries present their benchmark instances in terms of adjacency matrices, we develop a novel matrix formulation for the HCP and TSP Hamiltonians, which enables the seamless and automatic integration of benchmark instances in quantum platforms. We also present a thorough mathematical analysis of the precise number of constraints required to express the HCP and TSP Hamiltonians. This analysis explains quantitatively why, almost always, running incomplete graph instances requires more qubits than complete instances. It turns out that QUBO models for incomplete graphs require more quadratic constraints than complete graphs, a fact that has been corroborated by a series of experiments. Moreover, we introduce a technique for the min-max normalization for the coefficients of the TSP Hamiltonian to address the problem of invalid solutions produced by the quantum annealer, a trend often observed. Our extensive experimental tests have demonstrated that the D-Wave Advantage_system4.1 is more efficient than the Advantage_system1.1, both in terms of qubit utilization and the quality of solutions. Finally, we experimentally establish that the D-Wave hybrid solvers always provide valid solutions, without violating the given constraints, even for arbitrarily big problems up to 120 nodes.
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Devaisy, Sukanyah, Jaya Kandasamy, Tien Vinh Nguyen, Harsha Ratnaweera, and Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran. "Membranes in Water Reclamation: Treatment, Reuse and Concentrate Management." Membranes 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13060605.
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In this article, an extensive examination is provided on the possible uses of membranes and hybrid processes in wastewater treatment. While membrane technologies face certain constraints, such as membrane fouling and scaling, the incomplete elimination of emerging contaminants, elevated expenses, energy usage, and brine disposal, there are approaches that can address these challenges. Methods such as pretreating the feed water, utilizing hybrid membrane systems and hybrid dual-membrane systems, and employing other innovative membrane-based treatment techniques can enhance the efficacy of membrane processes and advance sustainability.
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Chikako, Teshita Uke, Reta Habtamu Bacha, John Elvis Hagan, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Kenenisa Abdisa Kuse, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. "Multilevel Modelling of the Individual and Regional Level Variability in Predictors of Incomplete Antenatal Care Visit among Women of Reproductive Age in Ethiopia: Classical and Bayesian Approaches." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 6600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116600.
Abstract:
Background: Antenatal care is an operational public health intervention to minimize maternal and child morbidity and mortality. However, for varied reasons, many women fail to complete the recommended number of visits. The objective of this study was to assess antenatal care utilization and identify the factors associated with the incomplete antenatal care visit among reproductive age women in Ethiopia. Methods: The 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey data were used for this study. Multilevel logistic regression analysis and two level binary logistic regression models were utilized. Results: Around 56.8% of women in Ethiopia did not complete the recommended number of antenatal care visits. Women from rural areas were about 1.622 times more likely to have incomplete antenatal care compared to women from urban areas. Women who had no pregnancy complication signs were about 2.967 times more likely to have incomplete antenatal care compared to women who had pregnancy complication signs. Women who had a slight problem and a big problem with the distance from a health center were about 1.776 and 2.973 times more likely, respectively, to have incomplete antenatal care compared to women whose distance from a health center was not a problem. Furthermore, women who had ever terminated pregnancy were about 10.6% less likely to have incomplete antenatal care compared to women who had never terminated pregnancy. Conclusions: The design and strengthening of existing interventions (e.g., small clinics) should consider identified factors aimed at facilitating antenatal care visits to promote maternal and child health related outcomes. Issues related to urban–rural disparities and noted hotspot areas for incomplete antenatal care visits should be given special attention.
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Wang, Po-Wei, and J. Zico Kolter. "Low-Rank Semidefinite Programming for the MAX2SAT Problem." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 1641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011641.
Abstract:
This paper proposes a new algorithm for solving MAX2SAT problems based on combining search methods with semidefinite programming approaches. Semidefinite programming techniques are well-known as a theoretical tool for approximating maximum satisfiability problems, but their application has traditionally been very limited by their speed and randomized nature. Our approach overcomes this difficult by using a recent approach to low-rank semidefinite programming, specialized to work in an incremental fashion suitable for use in an exact search algorithm. The method can be used both within complete or incomplete solver, and we demonstrate on a variety of problems from recent competitions. Our experiments show that the approach is faster (sometimes by orders of magnitude) than existing state-of-the-art complete and incomplete solvers, representing a substantial advance in search methods specialized for MAX2SAT problems.
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Cheng, Hongtai, Tianzhuo Liu, Wei Zhang, and Lina Hao. "Robotic assembly for tight tolerant cascaded peg-in-hole process with incomplete constraints." Assembly Automation 40, no. 5 (August 6, 2020): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2019-0167.
Abstract:
Purpose Installing a tight tolerant stepped shaft is not a trivial task for an industrial robot. If all peg-hole constraints are complete, the cascaded peg-in-hole task can be simplified into several independent stages and accomplished one by one. However, if some of the constraints are incomplete, the cross stage interference will bring additional difficulties. This paper aims to discuss the cascaded peg-in-hole problem with incomplete constraints. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the problem is formulated according to geometric parameters of the stepped shaft and completeness of the corresponding hole. The possible jamming type is modeled and analyzed. A contact modeling and control strategy is proposed to compensate the peg postures under incomplete constraints. Findings The above methods are implemented on an experiment platform and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed robotic assembly strategy. Originality/value Based on force/torque sensor, a hybrid control strategy for incomplete constraints cascaded peg-in-hole assembly problem is proposed.
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Tubbs, R. Shane, William R. May, Nihal Apaydin, Mohammadali M. Shoja, Ghaffar Shokouhi, Marios Loukas, and Aaron A. Cohen-Gadol. "Ossification of Ligaments Near the Foramen Ovale: An Anatomic Study With Potential Clinical Significance Regarding Transcutaneous Approaches to the Skull Base." Operative Neurosurgery 65, suppl_6 (December 1, 2009): ons60—ons64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000345952.64041.9c.
Abstract:
Abstract Objective: There is paucity of information regarding the specific anatomy and clinical significance of ossified ligaments near the foramen ovale (e.g., pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments). The present study was undertaken to define this anatomy in more detail and to review the literature regarding these anatomic variations. Methods: One hundred fifty-four adult human dry skulls were analyzed for the presence of ossified ligaments of pterygospinous (ligament of Civinini) and pterygoalar (ligament of Hyrtl). Measurements were made of these bony structures and observations made of their relationships to the inferior aspect of the foramen ovale and neighboring structures. Results: Two ossifications each (2.6%) of the ligaments of Civinini and Hyrtl were found. One of each of these (1.3%) was completely ossified, thereby resulting in 2 complete foramina (i.e., 1 foramen of Civinini and 1 foramen of Hyrtl). A significant correlation was found between the left and right sides, with either complete or incomplete ossification of these ligaments being found on left sides (75%) (incomplete Civinini on right side and all others on left side). The complete foramen of Civinini was found to have an area of 16.7 mm2, and the complete foramen of Hyrtl was found to have an area of 9.42 mm2. Conclusion: Such anomalous bony obstructions could interfere with transcutaneous needle placement into the foramen ovale or distort anatomic relationships during approaches to the cranial base.
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Song, Jie, Qiang He, Feifei Chen, Ye Yuan, and Ge Yu. "PoBery: Possibly-complete Big Data Queries with Probabilistic Data Placement and Scanning." ACM/IMS Transactions on Data Science 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3465375.
Abstract:
In big data query processing, there is a trade-off between query accuracy and query efficiency, for example, sampling query approaches trade-off query completeness for efficiency. In this article, we argue that query performance can be significantly improved by slightly losing the possibility of query completeness, that is, the chance that a query is complete. To quantify the possibility, we define a new concept, Probability of query Completeness (hereinafter referred to as PC). For example, If a query is executed 100 times, PC = 0.95 guarantees that there are no more than 5 incomplete results among 100 results. Leveraging the probabilistic data placement and scanning, we trade off PC for query performance. In the article, we propose PoBery (POssibly-complete Big data quERY), a method that supports neither complete queries nor incomplete queries, but possibly-complete queries. The experimental results conducted on HiBench prove that PoBery can significantly accelerate queries while ensuring the PC. Specifically, it is guaranteed that the percentage of complete queries is larger than the given PC confidence. Through comparison with state-of-the-art key-value stores, we show that while Drill-based PoBery performs as fast as Drill on complete queries, it is 1.7 ×, 1.1 ×, and 1.5 × faster on average than Drill, Impala, and Hive, respectively, on possibly-complete queries.
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Jiang, Ruisen, Dawei Hu, Steven I.-Jy Chien, Qian Sun, and Xue Wu. "Predicting Bus Travel Time with Hybrid Incomplete Data – A Deep Learning Approach." Promet 34, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v34i5.4052.
Abstract:
The application of predicting bus travel time with real-time information, including Global Positioning System (GPS) and Electronic Smart Card (ESC) data is effective to advance the level of service by reducing wait time and improving schedule adherence. However, missing information in the data stream is inevitable for various reasons, which may seriously affect prediction accuracy. To address this problem, this research proposes a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict bus travel time, considering incomplete data. To improve the model performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is developed and applied to optimise hyperparameters of the LSTM model. The model performance is assessed by simulation and real-world data. The results suggest that the proposed approach with hybrid data outperforms the approaches with ESC and GPS data individually. With GA, the proposed model outperforms the traditional one in terms of lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The prediction accuracy with various combinations of ESC and GPS data is assessed. The results can serve as a guideline for transit agencies to deploy GPS devices in a bus fleet considering the market penetration of ESC.
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Camponogara, Andrei, H. Vincent Poor, and Moises V. Ribeiro. "The Complete and Incomplete Low-Bit-Rate Hybrid PLC/Wireless Channel Models: Physical Layer Security Analyses." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 6, no. 2 (April 2019): 2760–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2018.2874377.
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Qin, Hongwu, Xiuqin Ma, Tutut Herawan, and Jasni Mohamad Zain. "DFIS: A novel data filling approach for an incomplete soft set." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 22, no. 4 (December 28, 2012): 817–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-012-0060-3.
Abstract:
The research on incomplete soft sets is an integral part of the research on soft sets and has been initiated recently. However, the existing approach for dealing with incomplete soft sets is only applicable to decision making and has low forecasting accuracy. In order to solve these problems, in this paper we propose a novel data filling approach for incomplete soft sets. The missing data are filled in terms of the association degree between the parameters when a stronger association exists between the parameters or in terms of the distribution of other available objects when no stronger association exists between the parameters. Data filling converts an incomplete soft set into a complete soft set, which makes the soft set applicable not only to decision making but also to other areas. The comparison results elaborated between the two approaches through UCI benchmark datasets illustrate that our approach outperforms the existing one with respect to the forecasting accuracy.
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MACIEL, THIAGO O., ANDRÉ T. CESÁRIO, and REINALDO O. VIANNA. "VARIATIONAL QUANTUM TOMOGRAPHY WITH INCOMPLETE INFORMATION BY MEANS OF SEMIDEFINITE PROGRAMS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 22, no. 12 (December 2011): 1361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183111016981.
Abstract:
We introduce a new method to reconstruct unknown quantum states out of incomplete and noisy information. The method is a linear convex optimization problem, therefore with a unique minimum, which can be efficiently solved with Semidefinite Programs. Numerical simulations indicate that the estimated state does not overestimate purity, and neither the expectation value of optimal entanglement witnesses. The convergence properties of the method are similar to compressed sensing approaches, in the sense that, in order to reconstruct low rank states, it needs just a fraction of the effort corresponding to an informationally complete measurement.
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Maciel, Gabriel M., José MQ Luz, Saulo FB Campos, Rafael R. Finzi, and Breno NR Azevedo. "Heterosis in okra hybrids obtained by hybridization of two methods: traditional and experimental." Horticultura Brasileira 35, no. 1 (March 2017): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620170118.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT High heterosis values can be obtained using hybrid okra seeds. However, despite high heterotic values, it is very difficult to produce hybrid okra seeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate an experimental methodology of hybridization. Two different methods of hybridization were used: traditional manual hybridization with complete emasculation followed by hand pollination (artificial) and, an experimental methodology, performing manual hybridization with incomplete emasculation followed by entomophilous natural pollination between two inbred lines (UFU-QB-040D and UFU-QB-107G).These inbred lines were obtained from three selection cycles. Three hybrid types were obtained from the two hybridization methods: F1 THM(UFU-QB-040D x UFU-QB-107G), F1 IHM(UFU-QB-107G x UFU-QB-040D) and F1 IHM(UFU-QB-040D x UFU-QB-107G). The resulting hybrid seeds and their parents were evaluated via an experiment set up in a randomized block design with four repetitions. We evaluated fruit production per plant, fruits per plant, number of branchess per plant, superiority of hybrids relative to parents (h) and heterosis (%). At the end of the cycle, morphological characterizations was done of the leaves (pubescence, length and width) and fruit (length, diameter and shape). Heterosis resulting from the incomplete emasculation followed by natural insect pollination was similar to that from the traditional hybrid method, being a viable alternative for the production of hybrid okra seeds without losses in heterosis.
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Tang, Xu, Dong Ye, Sha Luo, Kay-Soon Low, and Zhaowei Sun. "A Hybrid Game Strategy for the Pursuit of Out-of-Control Spacecraft under Incomplete-Information." Aerospace 9, no. 8 (August 18, 2022): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9080455.
Abstract:
This paper investigates the pursuit problem of out-of-control spacecraft under incomplete-information, and provides new ideas for the disposal of dangerous spacecraft with obstacle avoidance capability. Throughout the pursuit process, the maneuver strategy of the out-of-control spacecraft is unknown, and its possibly unconventional and irregular maneuvers may endanger the safe operation of any other spacecraft on orbit. Based on the differential game theory, complete information game strategy pairs are derived. Then, considering that the control information of the target is unavailable to the pursuer, the target’s maneuver is regarded as the disturbance item. The incomplete information game strategy is derived from the unilateral optimal cost function. Furthermore, the disturbance estimator is designed to identify the missing information of the target. The optimal hybrid game strategy is proposed as an approach to compensate the target maneuver strategy. Simulation study has been conducted and the results have validated that the missing information can be effectively estimated using the estimator. The designed hybrid game strategy can achieve rapid approach, while saving fuel consumption for on-orbit service.
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Hashimoto, Shogo, Narihito Nagoshi, Masaya Nakamura, and Hideyuki Okano. "Regenerative medicine strategies for chronic complete spinal cord injury." Neural Regeneration Research 19, no. 4 (September 4, 2023): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.382230.
Abstract:
Spinal cord injury is a condition in which the parenchyma of the spinal cord is damaged by trauma or various diseases. While rapid progress has been made in regenerative medicine for spinal cord injury that was previously untreatable, most research in this field has focused on the early phase of incomplete injury. However, the majority of patients have chronic severe injuries; therefore, treatments for these situations are of fundamental importance. The reason why the treatment of complete spinal cord injury has not been studied is that, unlike in the early stage of incomplete spinal cord injury, there are various inhibitors of neural regeneration. Thus, we assumed that it is difficult to address all conditions with a single treatment in chronic complete spinal cord injury and that a combination of several treatments is essential to target severe pathologies. First, we established a combination therapy of cell transplantation and drug-releasing scaffolds, which contributes to functional recovery after chronic complete transection spinal cord injury, but we found that functional recovery was limited and still needs further investigation. Here, for the further development of the treatment of chronic complete spinal cord injury, we review the necessary approaches to the different pathologies based on our findings and the many studies that have been accumulated to date and discuss, with reference to the literature, which combination of treatments is most effective in achieving functional recovery.
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Fletcher, Kenneth K. "A Method for Aggregating Ranked Services for Personal Preference Based Selection." International Journal of Web Services Research 16, no. 2 (April 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwsr.2019040101.
Abstract:
Typically, users' service requests, which are similar with varying preferences on non-functional attributes, may result in ranked lists of services that partially meet their needs due to conflicting non-functional attributes. The resultant multiple ranked lists of services that partially satisfies the user's request makes it challenging for the user to choose an optimal service, based on his/her preference. This work proposes a method that aggregates multiple ranked lists of services into a single aggregated ranked list, where top ranked services are selected for the user. Two algorithms are proposed; 1) Rank Aggregation for Complete Lists (RACoL), that aggregates complete ranked lists and 2) Rank Aggregation for Incomplete Lists (RAIL) to aggregate incomplete ranked lists. Examples using real-world airline services to evaluate both algorithms show that the results from both proposed algorithms closely represent the sets of ranked lists better than using alternative approaches. Experiments were also carried out to validate their performance.
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Bocharov, Aleksandr V., and Leonid V. Popov. "The strategy of surgical revascularization of coronary arteries in a multi-vessel lesion." Journal of Clinical Practice 10, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/clinpract10349-54.
Abstract:
This review presents the basic approaches for the surgical myocardial revascularization in patients with multivessel coronary lesions. The methods of coronary artery bypass grafting, balloon angioplasty, stenting using holometallic stents and drug-coated stents are discussed, the main studies comparing the above methods with each other and with the optimal drug therapy are presented. The concepts of complete and incomplete revascularization of the coronary bed are also explained.
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Teng, Emmelin, Anthony Venning, Helen Winefield, and Shona Crabb. "Half Full or Half Empty: The Measurement of Mental Health and Mental Illness in Emerging Australian Adults." Social Inquiry into Well-Being 1, no. 1 (August 14, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.13165/siiw-15-1-1-01.
Abstract:
Narrow approaches to the conceptualisation and measurement of ‘mental health’ are regularly but inconsistently adopted in research and practice. For example, an exclusive focus on the identification of mental illness or mental wellbeing runs the risk of failing to detect individuals with low or high levels of the other, and does nothing to represent an individual’s level of complete mental health (i.e., taking both mental wellbeing and illness into account). The current study compared three approaches to the measurement of mental health regularly applied in the literature - an exclusive mental wellbeing / an exclusive mental illness / and a complete mental health approach – to determine if they produce similar outcomes. South Australian emerging adults were recruited (N=117; M=24.4 years, SD=0.75) and categorised into four mental health groups according to the Complete State Model (CSM; Keyes & Lopez, 2002) of mental health: flourishing (complete mental health), languishing or struggling (incomplete mental health or illness), or floundering (complete mental illness) and categories were compared. Results showed that the ‘mental health’ of the sample differed depending on the measurement approach used, and lend support to a complete mental health approach to better inform, develop, and target health promotion strategies.
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Goel, Sonia, and Meena Tushir. "Different Approaches for Missing Data Handling in Fuzzy Clustering: A Review." Recent Advances in Electrical & Electronic Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Electrical & Electronic Engineering) 13, no. 6 (November 4, 2020): 833–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2352096512666191127121710.
Abstract:
Introduction: Incomplete data sets containing some missing attributes is a prevailing problem in many research areas. The reasons for the lack of missing attributes may be several; human error in tabulating/recording the data, machine failure, errors in data acquisition or refusal of a patient/customer to answer few questions in a questionnaire or survey. Further, clustering of such data sets becomes a challenge. Objective: In this paper, we presented a critical review of various methodologies proposed for handling missing data in clustering. The focus of this paper is the comparison of various imputation techniques based FCM clustering and the four clustering strategies proposed by Hathway and Bezdek. Methods: In this paper, we imputed the missing values in incomplete datasets by various imputation/ non-imputation techniques to complete the data set and then conventional fuzzy clustering algorithm is applied to get the clustering results. Results: Experiments on various synthetic data sets and real data sets from UCI repository are carried out. To evaluate the performance of the various imputation/ non-imputation based FCM clustering algorithm, several performance criteria and statistical tests are considered. Experimental results on various data sets show that the linear interpolation based FCM clustering performs significantly better than other imputation as well as non-imputation techniques. Conclusion: It is concluded that the clustering algorithm is data specific, no clustering technique can give good results on all data sets. It depends upon both the data type and the percentage of missing attributes in the dataset. Through this study, we have shown that the linear interpolation based FCM clustering algorithm can be used effectively for clustering of incomplete data set.
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G, Tsoucalas. "Anatomy Image Series: Persistent Metopic Sutures in a Series of Dry Skulls of Hellenic Origin." Journal of Human Anatomy 5, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/jhua-16000158.
Abstract:
The persistence of a complete metopic suture in adulthood is called metopism. Numerous studies report wide variations concerning the prevalence of metopic sutures in adult crania. Metopic suture lies to the midline of the forehead and extends from the frontal bone to the root of the nose. However various types of incomplete sutures do exist. A series of 126 dry skulls is examined. A total of 15 metopic sutures were revealed, 2 complete (1 combined) and 13 incompletes. The localization and suture types are important for clinical approaches, as during the evaluation of head traumas in the emergency department.
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Dabai, Aminu Isiya, and Kasim Mohammed. "HYBRID MICROALGAL-ACTIVATED SLUDGE TREATMENT PROSPECTS: A REVIEW." Platform : A Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pjstvol4iss1art11189.
Abstract:
An enormous amount of wastewater was produced due to domestic, municipal, agricultural, and industrial activities of varying strength and contamination. These usually contained a high level of pollutants that include inorganic and organic pollutants, pesticides, and heavy metals. Physio-chemical treatment approaches were employed to treat these recalcitrant contaminants and effectively handle extremely toxic substances within a short period. However, despite this, these treatments were associated with setbacks, including incomplete pollutant removals, lack of multiple pollutants removal capabilities, excessive sludge production, and cost of energy and chemical employed. Hybrid microbial treatment systems were efficient due to their potential to remove multiple contaminants like heavy metals, BOD, COD, assimilate nutrients, production of renewable energy alternatives, and easily recycled or regenerated. The future bottleneck in terms of best microbial proportions for higher growth rates and removal efficiencies is highlighted.
Keywords: algae, bacteria, proportion, heavy metals, adsorption, toxic
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Bai, Samita, and Shakeel A. Khoja. "Hybrid Query Execution on Linked Data With Complete Results." International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems 17, no. 1 (January 2021): 25–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijswis.2021010102.
Abstract:
The link traversal strategies to query Linked Data over WWW can retrieve up-to-date results using a recursive URI lookup process in real-time. The downside of this approach comes with the query patterns having subject unbound (i.e. ?S rdf:type:Class). Such queries fail to start up the traversal process as the RDF pages are subject-centric in nature. Thus, zero-knowledge link traversal leads to the empty query results for these queries. In this paper, the authors analyze a large corpus of real-world SPARQL query logs and identify the Most Frequent Predicates (MFPs) occurring in these queries. The knowledge of these MFPs helps in finding and indexing a limited number of triples from the original data set. Additionally, the authors propose a Hybrid Query Execution (HQE) approach to execute the queries over this index for initial data source selection followed by link traversal process to fetch complete results. The evaluation of HQE on the latest real data benchmarks reveals that it retrieves at least five times more results than the existing approaches.
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Nair, R., and M. Tambe. "Hybrid BDI-POMDP Framework for Multiagent Teaming." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 23 (April 1, 2005): 367–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1549.
Abstract:
Many current large-scale multiagent team implementations can be characterized as following the ``belief-desire-intention'' (BDI) paradigm, with explicit representation of team plans. Despite their promise, current BDI team approaches lack tools for quantitative performance analysis under uncertainty. Distributed partially observable Markov decision problems (POMDPs) are well suited for such analysis, but the complexity of finding optimal policies in such models is highly intractable. The key contribution of this article is a hybrid BDI-POMDP approach, where BDI team plans are exploited to improve POMDP tractability and POMDP analysis improves BDI team plan performance. Concretely, we focus on role allocation, a fundamental problem in BDI teams: which agents to allocate to the different roles in the team. The article provides three key contributions. First, we describe a role allocation technique that takes into account future uncertainties in the domain; prior work in multiagent role allocation has failed to address such uncertainties. To that end, we introduce RMTDP (Role-based Markov Team Decision Problem), a new distributed POMDP model for analysis of role allocations. Our technique gains in tractability by significantly curtailing RMTDP policy search; in particular, BDI team plans provide incomplete RMTDP policies, and the RMTDP policy search fills the gaps in such incomplete policies by searching for the best role allocation. Our second key contribution is a novel decomposition technique to further improve RMTDP policy search efficiency. Even though limited to searching role allocations, there are still combinatorially many role allocations, and evaluating each in RMTDP to identify the best is extremely difficult. Our decomposition technique exploits the structure in the BDI team plans to significantly prune the search space of role allocations. Our third key contribution is a significantly faster policy evaluation algorithm suited for our BDI-POMDP hybrid approach. Finally, we also present experimental results from two domains: mission rehearsal simulation and RoboCupRescue disaster rescue simulation.
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Silkworth, William T., Isaac K. Nardi, Raja Paul, Alex Mogilner, and Daniela Cimini. "Timing of centrosome separation is important for accurate chromosome segregation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 23, no. 3 (February 2012): 401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e11-02-0095.
Abstract:
Spindle assembly, establishment of kinetochore attachment, and sister chromatid separation must occur during mitosis in a highly coordinated fashion to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. In most vertebrate cells, the nuclear envelope must break down to allow interaction between microtubules of the mitotic spindle and the kinetochores. It was previously shown that nuclear envelope breakdown (NEB) is not coordinated with centrosome separation and that centrosome separation can be either complete at the time of NEB or can be completed after NEB. In this study, we investigated whether the timing of centrosome separation affects subsequent mitotic events such as establishment of kinetochore attachment or chromosome segregation. We used a combination of experimental and computational approaches to investigate kinetochore attachment and chromosome segregation in cells with complete versus incomplete spindle pole separation at NEB. We found that cells with incomplete spindle pole separation exhibit higher rates of kinetochore misattachments and chromosome missegregation than cells that complete centrosome separation before NEB. Moreover, our mathematical model showed that two spindle poles in close proximity do not “search” the entire cellular space, leading to formation of large numbers of syntelic attachments, which can be an intermediate stage in the formation of merotelic kinetochores.
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Chadd, S. A., and D. J. A. Cole. "Response of modern hybrid pigs to dietary energy concentration." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1989 (March 1989): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600010722.
Abstract:
In a recent experiment using the same improved genotype, pigs over the liveweight range 25 to 120 kg were found to have modest voluntary energy intakes (Chadd and Cole, 1988) particularly when compared with former intake prediction equations. It follows that the response of such pigs in terms of voluntary feed intake behaviour when provided with diets differing in energy concentration may have also changed. Diets that are formulated to be low in energy density and therefore bulky in nature are likely to represent more of a limitation to voluntary feed intake than previously. Former experiments designed to examine the pig's ability to adjust feed intake in order to maintain a constant energy intake have produced results varying from complete to incomplete compensation.A study was undertaken to examine the response of a modern genotype in terms of voluntary feed intake, digestible energy (DE) intake, growth performance and associated carcass characteristics, when offered a range of dietary energy concentrations ad libitum and taken to a heavy slaughter weight.
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Liu, Chun, Zhengyi Zhao, Lei Zhang, and Zheng Li. "Automated Conditional Statements Checking for Complete Natural Language Requirements Specification." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 7892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177892.
Abstract:
Defects such as the duality and the incompleteness in natural language software requirements specification have a significant impact on the success of software projects. By now, many approaches have been proposed to assist requirements analysts to identify these defects. Different from these approaches, this paper focuses on the requirements incompleteness implied by the conditional statements, and proposes a sentence embedding- and antonym-based approach for detecting the requirements incompleteness. The basic idea is that when one condition is stated, its opposite condition should also be there. Otherwise, the requirements specification is incomplete. Based on the state-of-the-art machine learning and natural language processing techniques, the proposed approach first extracts the conditional sentences from the requirements specification, and elicits the conditional statements which contain one or more conditional expressions. Then, the conditional statements are clustered using the sentence embedding technique. The conditional statements in each cluster are further analyzed to detect the potential incompleteness by using negative particles and antonyms. A benchmark dataset from an aerospace requirements specification has been used to validate the proposed approach. The experimental results have shown that the recall of the proposed approach reaches 68.75%, and the F1-measure (F1) 52.38%.
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Di Maro, Flavia, Vittoria Sykopetrites, Annalisa Meli, Davide Cocozza, Greta Albanese, Maria Teresa Antonietta Miccoli, Annalisa De Candia, Mario Picozzi, Francesca Greco, and Eliana Cristofari. "A New Treatment Option in Incomplete Partition Type III: The Varese Bone–Air Stimulation (B.A.S.)." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 4 (April 19, 2023): 681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13040681.
Abstract:
The incomplete partition type III is a severe cochlear malformation present in X-linked deafness. It is a rare, non-syndromic cause of severe to profound mixed hearing loss, often progressive. The complete absence of bony modiolus and the wide communication between the cochlea and the internal auditory canal make cochlear implantation challenging, with still no consensus on the management of these patients. To the best of our knowledge, no results have ever been published in the literature on the treatment of these patients with hybrid stimulation (bone and air). We present three cases in which this hybrid stimulation gave better audiological results then air stimulation alone. A literature review on audiological results of the current treatment options in children affected by IPIII malformation was conducted independently by two researchers. Ethical considerations on the treatment of these patients were conducted by the Bioethics department of the University of Insubria. In two of the patients, the bone–air stimulation, associated with prosthetic–cognitive rehabilitation, meant that surgery was avoided, obtaining similar communication performances of those present in the literature. We believe that, when the bone threshold appears partially preserved, a stimulation through the bone or hybrid modality, such as the Varese B.A.S. stimulation, should be attempted.
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Wu, Ruohan, Elena Alvareda, David Polya, Gonzalo Blanco, and Pablo Gamazo. "Distribution of Groundwater Arsenic in Uruguay Using Hybrid Machine Learning and Expert System Approaches." Water 13, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040527.
Abstract:
Groundwater arsenic in Uruguay is an important environmental hazard, hence, predicting its distribution is important to inform stakeholders. Furthermore, occurrences in Uruguay are known to variably show dependence on depth and geology, arguably reflecting different processes controlling groundwater arsenic concentrations. Here, we present the distribution of groundwater arsenic in Uruguay modelled by a variety of machine learning, basic expert systems, and hybrid approaches. A pure random forest approach, using 26 potential predictor variables, gave rise to a groundwater arsenic distribution model with a very high degree of accuracy (AUC = 0.92), which is consistent with known high groundwater arsenic hazard areas. These areas are mainly in southwest Uruguay, including the Paysandú, Río Negro, Soriano, Colonia, Flores, San José, Florida, Montevideo, and Canelones departments, where the Mercedes, Cuaternario Oeste, Raigón, and Cretácico main aquifers occur. A hybrid approach separating the country into sedimentary and crystalline aquifer domains resulted in slight material improvement in a high arsenic hazard distribution. However, a further hybrid approach separately modelling shallow (<50 m) and deep aquifers (>50 m) resulted in the identification of more high hazard areas in Flores, Durazno, and the northwest corner of Florida departments in shallow aquifers than the pure model. Both hybrid models considering depth (AUC = 0.95) and geology (AUC = 0.97) produced improved accuracy. Hybrid machine learning models with expert selection of important environmental parameters may sometimes be a better choice than pure machine learning models, particularly where there are incomplete datasets, but perhaps, counterintuitively, this is not always the case.
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Kułakowski, Konrad. "On the Geometric Mean Method for Incomplete Pairwise Comparisons." Mathematics 8, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8111873.
Abstract:
One of the most popular methods of calculating priorities based on the pairwise comparisons matrices (PCM) is the geometric mean method (GMM). It is equivalent to the logarithmic least squares method (LLSM), so some use both names interchangeably, treating it as the same approach. The main difference, however, is in the way the calculations are done. It turns out, however, that a similar relationship holds for incomplete matrices. Based on Harker’s method for the incomplete PCM, and using the same substitution for the missing entries, it is possible to construct the geometric mean solution for the incomplete PCM, which is fully compatible with the existing LLSM for the incomplete PCM. Again, both approaches lead to the same results, but the difference is how the final solution is computed. The aim of this work is to present in a concise form, the computational method behind the geometric mean method (GMM) for an incomplete PCM. The computational method is presented to emphasize the relationship between the original GMM and the proposed solution. Hence, everyone who knows the GMM for a complete PCM should easily understand its proposed extension. Theoretical considerations are accompanied by a numerical example, allowing the reader to follow the calculations step by step.
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Huang, Fengyuan, M. Chandler McLeod, Regina Kay Irwin, Mary Smithson, Zongliang Yue, Min Gao, Karin M. Hardiman, and Zechen Chong. "Abstract 6414: Molecular differentiation between complete and incomplete responders to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 6414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-6414.
Abstract:
Abstract Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, but only 20-40% of patients completely respond to this treatment. This study aims to identify the molecular features associated with a response to nCRT. We generated and collected genomic and transcriptomic data from 712 cancers prior to treatment from our own data and from publicly available data. A comprehensive integrated analysis was performed. We found that patients with a complete response have decreased risk of both local recurrence and future metastasis. We identified multiple molecular differences between complete and incomplete responders. Complete responders have a higher tumor mutation burden and more significant co-occurring mutations than the incomplete responders. In addition, mutations in DNA repair genes were enriched in complete responders and they also had lower expression of these genes indicating that defective DNA repair is associated with complete response to nCRT. Using logistic regression, we identified three significant predictors of complete response: tumor size, mutations within specific network genes, and the existence of three or more specific co-occurrent mutations. In incompletely responder tumors, abnormal cell-cell interaction and increased cancer associated fibroblasts were associated with recurrence. Additionally, gene expression analysis identified a subset of immune hot tumors with worse outcomes and upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins. Our study directly informs the clinical management of rectal cancer by elucidating the molecular differences between tumors with complete and incomplete responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), as well as the features of tumors prone to recurrence. We have pinpointed critical molecular markers and clinical indicators—such as tumor size, specific gene mutations, and particular mutation patterns—that are significant predictors of treatment response. These findings offer valuable biomarkers for personalizing treatment strategies. Additionally, the observed mutation enrichment in DNA repair genes among complete responders suggests new avenues for therapeutic innovation. By highlighting the distinct molecular and immune profiles of non-responder tumors at higher recurrence risk, our research supports the advancement of precision oncology approaches, enhancing prognosis and treatment customization in rectal cancer care, ultimately striving to bridge the gap between scientific discovery and clinical application. Citation Format: Fengyuan Huang, M. Chandler McLeod, Regina Kay Irwin, Mary Smithson, Zongliang Yue, Min Gao, Karin M. Hardiman, Zechen Chong. Molecular differentiation between complete and incomplete responders to neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6414.
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Jhong, Guan-Heng, Yu-Hsuan Chung, Chun-Ting Li, Yen-Nien Chen, Chih-Wei Chang, and Chih-Han Chang. "Numerical Comparison of Restored Vertebral Body Height after Incomplete Burst Fracture of the Lumbar Spine." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020253.
Abstract:
Background and objectives: Vertebral compression fracture is a major health care problem worldwide due to its direct and indirect negative influence on health-related quality of life and increased health care costs. Although a percutaneous surgical intervention with balloon kyphoplasty or metal expansion, the SpineJack, along with bone cement augmentation has been shown to efficiently restore and fix the lost vertebral height, 21–30% vertebral body height loss has been reported in the literature. Furthermore, the effect of the augmentation approaches and the loss of body height on the biomechanical responses in physiological activities remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to compare the mechanical behavior of the fractured lumbar spine with different restored body heights, augmentation approaches, and posterior fixation after kyphoplasty using the finite element method. Furthermore, different augmentation approaches with bone cement and bone cement along with the SpineJack were also considered in the simulation. Materials and Methods: A numerical lumbar model with an incomplete burst fracture at L3 was used in this study. Two different degrees of restored body height, namely complete and incomplete restorations, after kyphoplasty were investigated. Furthermore, two different augmentation approaches of the fractured vertebral body with bone cement and SpineJack along with bone cement were considered. A posterior instrument (PI) was also used in this study. Physiological loadings with 400 N + 10 Nm in four directions, namely flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, were applied to the lumbar spine with different augmentation approaches for comparison. Results: The results indicated that both the bone cement and bone cement along with the SpineJack could support the fractured vertebral body to react similarly with an intact lumbar spine under identical loadings. When the fractured body height was incompletely restored, the peak stress in the L2–L3 disk above the fractured vertebral body increased by 154% (from 0.93 to 2.37 MPa) and 116% (from 0.18 to 0.39 MPa), respectively, in the annular ground substance and nucleus when compared with the intact one. The use of the PI could reduce the range of motion and facet joint force at the implanted levels but increase the facet joint force at the upper level of the PI. Conclusions: In the present study, complete restoration of the body height, as possible in kyphoplasty, is suggested for the management of lumbar vertebral fractures.
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GASPAR, JESS, and KENNETH L. JUDD. "SOLVING LARGE-SCALE RATIONAL-EXPECTATIONS MODELS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 1, no. 1 (January 1997): 45–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100597002022.
Abstract:
We explore alternative approaches to numerical solutions of large rational-expectations models. We discuss and compare several current alternatives, focusing on the trade-offs in accuracy, space, and speed. The models range from representative-agent models with many goods and capital stocks, to models of heterogeneous agents with complete or incomplete asset markets. The methods include perturbation and projection methods. We show that these methods are capable of analyzing moderately large models even when we use only elementary, general-purpose numerical methods.
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Cao, Thinh, Koichi Yamada, Muneyuki Unehara, Izumi Suzuki, and Do Van Nguyen. "Rough Set Model in Incomplete Decision Systems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 21, no. 7 (November 20, 2017): 1221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2017.p1221.
Abstract:
The paper introduces a rough set model to analyze an information system in which some conditions and decision data are missing. Many studies have focused on missing condition data, but very few have accounted for missing decision data. Common approaches tend to remove objects with missing decision data because such objects are apparently considered worthless from the perspective of decision-making. However, we indicate that this removal may lead to information loss. Our method retains such objects with missing decision data. We observe that a scenario involving missing decision data is somewhat similar to the situation of semi-supervised learning, because some objects are characterized by complete decision data whereas others are not. This leads us to the idea of estimating potential candidates for the missing data using the available data. These potential candidates are determined by two quantitative indicators: local decision probability and universal decision probability. These potential candidates allow us to define set approximations and the definition of reduct. We also compare the reducts and rules induced from two information systems: one removes objects with missing decision data and the other retains such objects. We highlight that the knowledge induced from the former can be induced from the latter using our approach. Thus, our method offers a more generalized approach to handle missing decision data and prevents information loss.
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Liao, Ling Xia, Changqing Zhao, Roy Xiaorong Lai, and Han-Chieh Chao. "Explainable Learning-Based Timeout Optimization for Accurate and Efficient Elephant Flow Prediction in SDNs." Sensors 24, no. 3 (February 1, 2024): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24030963.
Abstract:
Accurately and efficiently predicting elephant flows (elephants) is crucial for optimizing network performance and resource utilization. Current prediction approaches for software-defined networks (SDNs) typically rely on complete traffic and statistics moving from switches to controllers. This leads to an extra control channel bandwidth occupation and network delay. To address this issue, this paper proposes a prediction strategy based on incomplete traffic that is sampled by the timeouts for the installation or reactivation of flow entries. The strategy involves assigning a very short hard timeout (Tinitial) to flow entries and then increasing it at a rate of r until flows are identified as elephants or out of their lifespans. Predicted elephants are switched to an idle timeout of 5 s. Logistic regression is used to model elephants based on a complete dataset. Bayesian optimization is then used to tune the trained model Tinitial and r over the incomplete dataset. The process of feature selection, model learning, and optimization is explained. An extensive evaluation shows that the proposed approach can achieve over 90% generalization accuracy over 7 different datasets, including campus, backbone, and the Internet of Things (IoT). Elephants can be correctly predicted for about half of their lifetime. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the controller–switch interaction in campus and IoT networks, although packet completion approaches may need to be applied in networks with a short mean packet inter-arrival time.
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da Silva, Rafael Rodrigues, Vince Kurtz, and Hai Lin. "Symbolic Control of Hybrid Systems from Signal Temporal Logic Specifications." Guidance, Navigation and Control 01, no. 02 (June 2021): 2150008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2737480721500084.
Abstract:
In safety-critical systems, it is desirable to automatically synthesize controllers for complex tasks with guaranteed safety and correctness. Although much progress has been made through controller synthesis from temporal logic specifications, existing approaches generally require conservative assumptions and do not scale well with system dimensionality. We propose a scalable, provably complete algorithm that synthesizes continuous trajectories for hybrid systems to satisfy temporal logic specifications. Specifically, we harness highly efficient Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and Linear Programming (LP) solvers to find trajectories that satisfy non-convex Signal Temporal Logic (STL) specifications for a class of high dimensional hybrid systems. The proposed design algorithms are proven sound and complete, and are validated in simulation experiments.