Journal articles on the topic 'Hybrid columns'
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1
Shendrik, V. A. "STRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMN WITH COMPOSITE GFRP SHELL -- A STRUCTURAL ELEMENTOF BRIDGE PIER." Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture, no. 2(50) (May 21, 2021): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.50.2.006.
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Statement of the problem. It’s considered the problem of developing a methodology for structural evaluation of hybrid design - a reinforced concrete column combined with external composite GFRP (glass-fiber-reinforced-plastic) shell. This hybrid design is intended for bridge piers. Results. As a result of a study, theoretical relationships were formulated to determine the longitudinal and transverse stresses and relative deformations of hybrid column structural elements. The developed formulas take into account the cooperation of triaxial compressed concrete core and an anisotropic composite GFRP shell. Conclusions. The obtained theoretical dependences of the hybrid column’s elements behavior make it possible to develop a structural evaluation methodology of bridge piers hybrid columns. The findings of the investigation are proposed to be applied in the structural evaluations of the bridges piers hybrid columns with composite GFRP elements.
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Veselov, V., M. Abu-Khasan, and V. Egorov. "Hybrid Column Designs for Industrial Buildings." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 988, no. 5 (February 1, 2022): 052065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/988/5/052065.
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Abstract The article analyzes the possible application of hybrid steel-concrete structures for industrial buildings, presents new developments in the structural forms of columns, supports, as well as ways to interface steel-concrete elements. The calculation of the steel-concrete step column is performed, the analysis of the reduction in steel consumption and other advantages of hybrid steel-concrete structures in comparison with traditional solutions of steel and reinforced concrete columns is made. The use of hybrid steel-concrete structures is effective mainly in compressed elements: columns, posts, supports, compressed parts of beams and trusses, crane beams, frame and arched structures.
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Shubbar, Hasanain A., and Nameer A. Alwash. "The Fire Exposure Effect on Hybrid Reinforced Reactive Powder Concrete Columns." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091476.
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This paper offers an experimental investigation of the fiber reinforced reactive powder concrete columns' behavior after exposure to fire and improvements made to improve column resistance against fire. This study is mainly aimed to study the experimental behavior of hybrid reinforced columns produced by reactive concrete powder (RPC) and exposure to the flame of fire at one side and subjected to eccentric load. The experimental methodology consists of sixteen RC columns that organized into four groups based on the variables used in this research: (SF) steel fibers, (PP) polypropylene fibers, (HB) hybrid fibers, (PPC-SF) hybrid cross-section (steel fiber reactive powder concrete core with polypropylene fiber reactive powder concrete cover). All columns were tested under 60 mm eccentric load and the burn columns were exposed to fire for different duration (1, 1.5 and 2) hours. The results indicated that (SF-RPC, PP-RPC, HB-RPC, PPC-SFRPC) columns exposed to a fire flame for the period 2 hours, lost from their load capacity by about (54.39, 40.03, 34.69 and 30.68) % respectively. The main conclusion of this paper is that the best fire resistance of the column obtained when using a hybrid cross-section (steel fiber reactive powder concrete core with polypropylene fiber reactive powder concrete cover).
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Li, Jian Hui, Ying Li, and Zong Cai Deng. "Envelope Response of Corroded RC Circular Columns Strengthened with Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3124.
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Corroded RC columns do not possess necessary ductility to dissipate seismic energy during a major earthquake, the study investigates the use of hybrid fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping as a method of retrofitting non-ductile corroded RC columns, and a model to determine the envelope response of RC corroded columns strengthened with hybrid FRP are presented based on cross-section analysis for undamaged RC element. The results show that the technique of strengthening corroded RC column with hybrid FRP is quite effective, the envelope curve estimated using the linear plane assumption with modification by reinforcement slip model, may still be used as the envelope curve of RC corroded columns strengthened with hybrid FRP, a good agreement between analytical and experimental results is observed.
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Filelis-Papadopoulos, Christos K., and George A. Gravvanis. "Hybrid multilevel solution of sparse least-squares linear systems." Engineering Computations 34, no. 8 (November 6, 2017): 2752–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-10-2016-0353.
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Purpose Large sparse least-squares problems arise in different scientific disciplines such as optimization, data analysis, machine learning and simulation. This paper aims to propose a two-level hybrid direct-iterative scheme, based on novel block independent column reordering, for efficiently solving large sparse least-squares linear systems. Design/methodology/approach Herewith, a novel block column independent set reordering scheme is used to separate the columns in two groups: columns that are block independent and columns that are coupled. The permutation scheme leads to a two-level hierarchy. Using this two-level hierarchy, the solution of the least-squares linear system results in the solution of a reduced size Schur complement-type square linear system, using the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method as well as backward substitution using the upper triangular factor, computed through sparse Q-less QR factorization of the columns that are block independent. To improve the convergence behavior of the PCG method, the upper triangular factor, computed through sparse Q-less QR factorization of the coupled columns, is used as a preconditioner. Moreover, to further reduce the fill-in, then the column approximate minimum degree (COLAMD) algorithm is used to permute the block consisting of the coupled columns. Findings The memory requirements for solving large sparse least-squares linear systems are significantly reduced compared to Q-less QR decomposition of the original as well as the permuted problem with COLAMD. The memory requirements are reduced further by choosing to form larger blocks of independent columns. The convergence behavior of the iterative scheme is improved due to the chosen preconditioning scheme. The proposed scheme is inherently parallel due to the introduction of block independent column reordering. Originality/value The proposed scheme is a hybrid direct-iterative approach for solving sparse least squares linear systems based on the implicit computation of a two-level approximate pseudo-inverse matrix. Numerical results indicating the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are given.
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Wang, Dong, Yong Jun Liu, and Zhu Yan Li. "Test Study on Seismic Behavior of New Hybrid SCCC Columns." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.353.
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In order to investigate the seismic behavior of the new circular hybrid Steel–Concrete– CFRP–Concrete column (simply called SCCC column), low cyclic reciprocating load tests are carried out for three SCCC columns. The failure mode and hysteretic characteristics are researched, and the effects of changes of CFRP tubes diameter on seismic behavior of SCCC columns are analyzed. The results show that with the diameter increase of CFRP tube, the seismic behavior of SCCC column is also increased.
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Fakharifar, Mostafa, Genda Chen, Mahdi Arezoumandi, and Mohamed ElGawady. "Hybrid Jacketing for Rapid Repair of Seismically Damaged Reinforced Concrete Columns." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2522, no. 1 (January 2015): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2522-07.
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This study proposes hybrid jacketing for rapid repair of seismically damaged concrete columns for bridge safety. The hybrid jacketing for a reinforced concrete (RC) column is composed of a thin cold-formed steel sheet wrapped around the column and its outside prestressing strands. Although the prestressing strands can prevent buckling of the confining steel sheet, the steel sheet can in turn prevent the prestressing strands from cutting into the concrete. The hybrid jacketing concept was validated with testing of a large-scale RC column with lap splice deficiency typical of pre-1970 bridge constructions in the Central United States. Results from the original and repaired columns were compared for hysteresis loops, strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation. The hybrid jacketing proved to be effective in restoring structural behavior of the damaged column to prevent bridge collapse. Such a cost-effective solution can be implemented at bridge sites in hours. Design equations to establish the lateral force–displacement relationship of the tested column to design the hybrid jacket are derived in detail.
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Yang, Lanjie, Hongguang Wang, and Shansong Gao. "Study on Axial Compression Behavior of Concrete Short Columns Confined by Flax/Glass Fiber Hybrid-Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composites." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030517.
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In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of concrete short columns confined by flax/glass fiber hybrid-reinforced epoxy resin (FFRP/GFRP) composites. Taking the same fiber hybrid ratio and different paving orders as parameters, analysis of the axial compressive mechanical properties of eight groups of FFRP/GFRP composite-confined concrete short columns, including one group of flax fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (FFRP) composite-confined concrete short columns and one group of unconstrained concrete short column, was conducted. The effects of different layering sequences on failure modes, load–displacement curves, energy dissipation ductility and the stress–strain relationship of hybrid composite-confined concrete short columns were analyzed. The results show that the axial compression failure modes of FFRP/GFRP composite-confined concrete short columns with the same hybrid ratio and different paving sequences were basically the same, and the CC-H6 group was the most prominent. The ultimate bearing capacity and axial deflection were 91.05% and 11.49% higher than those of the control group (CC-FFRP), and the energy dissipation coefficient was also the largest, at 9.79. The failure trend of the stress–strain curve of the confined concrete short column specimens was basically the same, and the stress and axial strain of the members were increased by 247.9~292.5% and 486.7~701.0%, respectively.
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Patel, Nishiben, Krishna R. Gupta, and Milind J. Umekar. "An Overview of Monolithic Column: Types, Parameters and Applications." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 4-S (August 15, 2022): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4-s.5521.
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The column is the main component for chromatographic separation. Nowadays, monolithic columns are graining more popularity in the field of separation media for liquid chromatography. The monolith columns possess great potential as compared to the conventional packed column in terms of preparing complex mixtures. These columns provide various properties like higher permeability, high-efficiency fast separations, high flow rate with lower backpressure, fast mass transfer kinetics with a high binding capacity. It is categories into three columns and they are organic monolithic column, inorganic monolithic column and hybrid monolithic column and all three types of monolithic column differ through their porous properties. In this review, the various advantage of the high-efficiency monolithic column with recent advances, the origin of the concept, the various parameter of the monolithic stationary phase and the application of monolithic columns are illustrated. It is better column in comparison of selectivity, reproducibility and performance.
Keywords: Monolithic column, Packed columns, Inorganic and organic monolithic column, Column parameters, Pharmaceutical Applications
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Teng, Jin-Guang, Zihao Wang, Tao Yu, Yang Zhao, and Li-Juan Li. "Double-tube concrete columns with a high-strength internal steel tube: Concept and behaviour under axial compression." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 10 (February 14, 2018): 1585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217746838.
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This article presents a new form of fibre-reinforced polymer-concrete-steel hybrid columns and demonstrates some of its expected advantages using results from an experimental study. These columns consist of a concrete-filled fibre-reinforced polymer tube that is internally reinforced with a high-strength steel tube and are referred to as hybrid double-tube concrete columns. The three components in hybrid double-tube concrete columns (i.e. the external fibre-reinforced polymer tube, the concrete infill and the internal high-strength steel tube) are combined in an optimal manner to deliver excellent short- and long-term performance. The experimental study included axial compression tests on eight hybrid double-tube concrete columns with a glass fibre–reinforced polymer external tube covering different glass fibre–reinforced polymer tube thicknesses and diameters as well as different high-strength steel tube diameters. The experimental results show that in hybrid double-tube concrete columns, the concrete is well confined by both the fibre-reinforced polymer tube and the high-strength steel tube, and the buckling of the high-strength steel tube is suppressed so that its high material strength can be effectively utilized, leading to excellent column performance. Due to the high yield stress of high-strength steel, the hoop stress developed to confine the core concrete is much higher than can be derived from a normal-strength steel tube, giving the use of high-strength steel in double-tube concrete columns an additional advantage.
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Grate, J. W., M. J. O'Hara, A. F. Farawila, R. M. Ozanich, and S. L. Owsley. "Automation of column-based radiochemical separations: a comparison of fluidic, robotic, and hybrid architectures." Proceedings in Radiochemistry 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2011): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/rcpr.2011.0002.
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AbstractTwo automated systems have been developed to perform column-based radiochemical separation procedures. These new systems are compared with past fluidic column separation architectures, with emphasis on using disposable components so that no sample contacts any surface that any other sample has contacted, and setting up samples and columns in parallel for subsequent automated processing. In the first new approach, a general purpose liquid handling robot has been modified and programmed to perform anion exchange separations using 2 mL bed columns in 6 mL plastic disposable column bodies. In the second new approach, a fluidic system has been developed to deliver clean reagents through disposable manual valves to six disposable columns, with a mechanized fraction collector that positions one of four rows of six vials below the columns. The samples are delivered to each column via a manual 3-port disposable valve from disposable syringes. This second approach, a hybrid of fluidic and mechanized components, is a simpler more efficient approach for performing anion exchange procedures for the recovery and purification of plutonium from samples. The automation architectures described can also be adapted to column-based extraction chromatography separations.
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Li, Zhu Yan, Yong Jun Liu, and Dong Wang. "Experimental Study on Circular Hybrid SCCC Columns under Axial Compressive Load." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.369.
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The tests are order to investigate the axial compressive performance of the new circular hybrid Steel-Concrete- CFRP-Concrete column (simply called SCCC column).SCCC column is composed of steel tube, annular concrete, CFRP tube and core concrete. Axial ultimate bearing capacity test was performed on 3 SCCC columns, from which we gains the law of affecting SCCC columns, the load-strain curve and load-displacement curve of SCCC columns, and compare the test results of the test specimen with different annular concrete thicknesses, from which we finds that after the relationship curve of test specimen with small annular concrete thickness reaches yield load, the bearing capacity starts to decline, and then continues to rise till the ultimate load is reached and the test specimen is damaged. The result shows that the smaller the annular concrete thickness is, the greater the axial ultimate bearing capacity of SCCC column is, and also indicates that CFRP tube plays a role of binding and constraining to the core concrete in later period of loading the test specimens.
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Walter, Thomas H., Bonnie A. Alden, and Kenneth Berthelette. "Evaluation of the Base Stability of Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Columns Packed with Silica or Ethylene-Bridged Hybrid Particles." Separations 9, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9060146.
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Stability as a function of mobile phase pH is an important consideration when selecting a chromatographic column. While the pH stability of reversed-phase columns is widely studied, there are relatively few reports of the stability of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) columns. We evaluated the stability of silica and ethylene-bridged hybrid HILIC columns when used with mobile phases containing basic buffers. The predominant mode of column degradation observed in our studies was a decrease in efficiency due to voiding, resulting from the hydrolysis of the silica particles. Associated with this were increases in tailing factors. Retention factor changes were also noted but were smaller than the efficiency losses. The dependence of the rate of efficiency decrease on the key variables of temperature, mobile phase pH and water content were studied for an unbonded silica column. The effect of the acetonitrile concentration on the pH of the mixed aqueous/acetonitrile mobile phases was also investigated. Using conditions found to cause a 50% decrease in efficiency after approximately five hours of exposure to the basic solution, we evaluated eight different commercially available HILIC columns containing silica or ethylene-bridged hybrid particles. The results show large differences between the stability of the silica and ethylene-bridged hybrid particle stationary phases, with the latter exhibiting greater stability.
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Salman, Mohammed \m, Husain K. Jarallah, and Raed Satar Al-Behadili. "Behavior of Hybrid Reactive Powder Concrete Columns Exposed to Chloride Attack." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 327–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.21030327.
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In this paper, the cross section behavior of reinforced concrete columns made of normal and hybrid reactive powder concrete (hybrid by steel and polypropylene fibers) under concentric and eccentric vertical load was study. The casted columns were cured in two different type tap water for 28 days and chloride water for six months. Chloride salts with concentration was 8341.6 mg/l. Three variables were adopted in the experimental program; concrete type, curing type and the eccentricity of vertical load. Twenty (120x120x1200) mm columns were casted and tested depending on these variables. The different eccentricities were (0, 50,100 and 150) mm and where (e/h) were (0, 0.42, 0.83 and 1.25) respectively from the center of column, the other types of loading are tested the specimens as beam.
The experimental results showed increasing in ultimate load capacity and higher chlorides resisting for hybrid reactive powder concrete in comparison with normal concrete in both types of curing (tap and chloride water). Through studying load deflection, test results for Normal Strength Concrete (NSC) and Hybrid Fiber Reactive Powder Concrete (HFRPC) columns that deflection for columns cured in chloride water more than tap water when compared at the same load that also by increase eccentricity leads to an increase in deflection for both cured and The neutral axis depth for HFRPC columns is more than NSC at the same load also when eccentricity increases, the compression zone decreases and neutral axis also decrease by increase eccentricity. These results occur when columns are cured in tap and chloride water.
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Resheq, Ali. "Behaviour of hybrid concrete columns under axial compression loads." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816204021.
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Hybrid Concrete Column (HCC) is composite column consists of two types of concrete, Normal Concrete (NC) and Self Compacted Concrete (SCC). The main objective of this work is to study the effect of outer to inner diameter ratio of hybrid concrete on the ultimate strength of column under the axial loading. Ten scaled columns (150 mm diameter and 600 mm length) were fabricated and cast with different ratio of NC to SCC and tested under axial loading. The test results were presented in term of loading and the axial and lateral strains at mid span of column length. It was found that the ultimate strength of column increased from 281 kN to 605 kN (215%). Also it was found that the strength of column increased when the SCC is in inner thickness rather than in outer thickness of the column and the strength increased with increasing the inner thickness of SCC.
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Peng, Yu Jia, Qian Gu, Rui Gao, and Getahune Bitewlgn. "Experimental Research on Seismic Behavior of Seismically Damaged RC Frame Column Strengthened with Sprayed Hybrid BF/CFRP." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1592–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1592.
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This experimental program was designed for investigating the seismic behaviors and strengthening effect of pre-damaged RC frame columns retrofitted with sprayed BFRP and hybrid BF/CFRP. Four RC frame column specimens, among which one was unstrengthened and three was pre-damaged and strengthened with sprayed FRP, were tested under an incremental loading procedure of the pseudo-static, cyclic shear loads combined with constant gravity loads. The test results including the failure mode, ultimate bearing load capacity, load-displacement hysteresis curves and ductility of specimens were obtained and analyzed. It indicates that spraying hybrid BF/CFRP strengthening scheme can effectively improve the ductility and energy dissipation ability of pre-damaged concrete frame columns. Although the improvement of the peak loads and ultimate lateral deformation of damaged frame columns were not obvious compared with those of the reference column, but it should be pointed out that the strengthened columns were pre-damaged seriously with yielded steel bars and the recover of load bearing ability resulted from spraying FRP retrofit can not be neglected. It also shows that increasing the thickness of spraying overcoat can effectively improve the energy dissipation ability of damaged frame columns.
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Youssf, Osama, Reza Hassanli, Julie E. Mills, and Yan Zhuge. "Axial Compression Behaviour of Hybrid Double-Skin Tubular Columns Filled with Rubcrete." Journal of Composites Science 3, no. 2 (June 19, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs3020062.
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Double-skin tubular columns (DSTCs) have become a competitive candidate for column members due to their important advantages compared with conventional reinforced concrete columns, including their better weight-to-strength ratio and ease of construction. Using Rubcrete in hybrid DSTCs is of great interest due to the potential of this system to overcome the Rubcrete material deficiencies and to add more ductility, toughness, seismic resistance, confinement effectiveness, and environmentally-friendly features to that structural system compared to conventional concrete. In this paper, hybrid DSTCs made out of Rubcrete, sandwiched between a fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) tube and a steel tube, were tested. The examined variables were concrete sand or stone replacement ratio (0% and 20%), FRP wall thickness (1- and 2-layers), steel wall thickness (3.2 mm and 4.5 mm), void ratio (50% and 76%), and void shape (circular or square). The axial and lateral stress–strain responses were monitored, measured, and compared. According to this investigation, using Rubcrete in hybrid DSTCs can enhance the axial and hoop strain capacities, especially with fine rubber particles. It was also observed that the adverse influence of using rubber on column ultimate capacity was much lower in DSTC specimens, compared with that of unconfined Rubcrete columns. Therefore, using Rubcrete with fine rubber particles is recommended in DSTC structural columns.
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Salman, Mohammed Mosleh, Husain Khalaf Jarallah, and Raed Satar Al-Behadili. "Experimental Investigation of Short Square Normal and Hybrid Fiber Reactive Powder Concrete Columns Subjected to Chloride Solution Attack." Journal of Engineering 24, no. 7 (June 29, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2018.07.06.
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In this research, the structural behavior of reinforced concrete columns made of normal and hybrid reactive powder concrete (hybrid by steel and polypropylene fibers) subjected to chloride salts with concentration was 8341.6 mg/l. The study consists of two parts, the first one is experimental study and the second one is theoretical analysis. Three main variables were adopted in the experimental program; concrete type, curing type and loading arrangement. Twenty (120x120x1200) mm columns were cast and tested depending on these variables. The samples were reinforced using two different bars; Ø8 for ties and Ø12 with minimum longitudinal reinforcement (0.01Ag). The specimens were divided into two main groups based on curing type: The first group consists of casting and testing of ten columns that cured in tap water for 28 days with two types of concrete (normal and hybrid), five columns for each type. While the second group consists of ten columns that direct cured and fully immersed in chloride water (8341.6 mg/l) 6 months with two types of concrete (normal and hybrid), five columns for each type. The specimens were tested under three types of loading, the first one is axial load, the second one is eccentric load with three different eccentricities (50,100 and 150) mm and where (e/h) are (0.42, 0.83 and 1.25) respectively from the center of column while the third type of loading is tested the specimens as beam.
The experimental results showed an increase in ultimate load capacity and higher chlorides resisting for hybrid reactive powder concrete in comparison with normal concrete in both types of curing (tap and chloride water) through studying strain profile. Interaction diagram charts were obtained from different types of loading for each specimen. These charts showed high values for hybrid reactive powder concrete in comparison with normal concrete.
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Shendrik, V. A. "RESEARCH OF GFRP SHELL CONFINED CONCRETE COLUMNS BEHAVIOR UNDER AXIAL COMPRESSION." Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture, no. 2(54) (May 11, 2022): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2022.54.2.005.
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Statement of the problem. The influence of external GFRP (glass-fiber-reinforced-plastic) shell, with different physicomechanical longitudinal and transverse properties on increasing the strength of the concrete core is investigated.Results. The article presents the results of experimental investigations of the load-bearing capacity to evaluate the effectiveness of using a solid fiberglass outer shell as a reinforcement of a concrete column. The results of the study has allowed us to establish the major factor that significantly affects the load-bearing capacity of a hybrid column with a composite shell.Conclusions. A higher load-bearing capacity of hybrid supports in comparison with the concrete columns traditionally used in bridge construction. This proves the possibility of using hybrid columns in the supports of bridge structures consisting of concrete core confined solid fiberglass outer shell that were not previously used in bridge structures.
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Chan, Chunwa, Tao Yu, and Shishun Zhang. "Compressive behaviour of square fibre-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel hybrid multi-tube concrete columns." Advances in Structural Engineering 21, no. 8 (October 9, 2017): 1162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217732499.
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Fibre-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel hybrid multi-tube concrete columns are a new form of columns recently proposed at the University of Wollongong. An multi-tube concrete column consists of an external fibre-reinforced polymer tube and a number of circular internal steel tubes, with the space inside all the tubes filled with concrete. This article presents the first ever experimental study on square multi-tube concrete columns. The experimental program included a total of 14 stub column specimens tested under axial compression, with the test variables being the thickness of the external fibre-reinforced polymer tube, and the dimensions and configuration of the internal steel tubes. The test results demonstrated that the concrete in the square multi-tube concrete columns was very effectively confined by the multiple tubes, and that the buckling of the internal steel tubes was completely prevented, leading to full structural utilization of the materials and a very ductile response. The test results also showed that the behaviour of the concrete in the square multi-tube concrete columns was significantly superior to that in the corresponding square concrete-filled fibre-reinforced polymer tubes, in terms of the compressive strength, the ultimate axial strain and the stiffness of the second branch of the stress–strain curve. A simple analytical model proposed for the axial load-axial strain curve of square multi-tube concrete columns is also presented and is shown to provide reasonable and conservative predictions of the test results.
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Tian, Shizhu, Hongxing Jia, and Yuanzheng Lin. "Hybrid simulation of a carbon fibre–reinforced polymer-strengthened continuous reinforced concrete girder bridge." Advances in Structural Engineering 20, no. 11 (February 1, 2017): 1658–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433217691772.
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The behaviour of bridge columns strengthened using carbon fibre–reinforced polymer composites has been studied extensively. However, few investigations have been conducted regarding the influence of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer-strengthened columns on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete continuous girder bridges. This article details the hybrid simulations of a continuous reinforced concrete girder bridge whose columns are strengthened by carbon fibre–reinforced polymer jackets. In the hybrid simulations, one ductile column is selected as the experimental element, which is represented by a 1/2.5-scale specimen, and the remaining bridge parts are simultaneously modelled in OpenSees (the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation). After combining the experimental element and the numerical substructure, the hybrid analysis model is developed with the established hybrid simulation system. The displacements of the bridge and the lateral force–displacement response of the experimental element in hybrid simulation are obtained. Compared with the results of numerical simulation, the stability and accuracy of the established hybrid simulation system are demonstrated. Meanwhile, the comparative hybrid simulation results of the as-built bridge and the carbon fibre–reinforced polymer-strengthened bridge also prove the effectiveness of the carbon fibre–reinforced polymer jackets’ confinement in the continuous reinforced concrete girder bridge.
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Elsanadedy, Hussein, Husain Abbas, Tarek Almusallam, and Yousef Al-Salloum. "Performance of Concentrically Loaded RC Wall-like Columns Upgraded with Innovative Hybrid NSM/CFRP System." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020378.
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In RC (reinforced concrete) frame structures, wall-like columns are laid within the space occupied by masonry walls to maximize usable space and thus minimize the column projections into the usable area. These columns often require strengthening owing to various reasons, including increasing the number of stories, changes in building usage, and others. The use of a hybrid system comprising NSM (near-surface mounted) steel rebars combined with CFRP (carbon-fiber reinforced polymer) laminates may be considered a sound technique for strengthening such wall-like building columns. The prime aim of this study is to devise an efficient scheme using a hybrid NSM/CFRP system to strengthen existing RC wall-like columns. Six half-scale RC wall-like columns were prepared and tested under monotonic concentric axial compression. Two columns were unstrengthened to serve as control specimens (CW1 and CW2), and four specimens were strengthened using four different schemes (SW1, SW2, SW3, and SW4). As favored by architects, all strengthening schemes were designed so that the dimensions of the column cross-section were not increased. The effects of strengthening schemes on the enhancement of axial capacity, energy dissipated, and stiffness were evaluated to find the most efficient scheme. Among the four studied schemes, using vertical continuous NSM rebars in combination with the wrapping of the three CFRP layers onto the exterior column surface (in specimen SW2) was the most efficient as it enhanced the ultimate load capacity by 80%. Three-dimensional FE (finite element) analysis was also conducted to predict the response of test specimens. The test results matched well with the FE outputs, which justified the accuracy of the used constitutive models for concrete, steel rebars, and CFRP sheets.
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Twizere, Moussa, and Kıvanc Taşkin. "Numerical Study of Hybrid Through Plate Connections to CFST Columns." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(4)-09.
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The use of concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns is highly encouraged nowadays in modern multistory structures. The major reason is the extensive resistance offered by the hollow steel column to high compression. Nevertheless, further studies and data are desirable to exhaustively characterize these members and their connections to other members, such as beams. This paper investigated the behavior of concrete-filled columns connected to I-beams by through plates. Three simple types of plate connections (easy to assemble and construct) were proposed and evaluated. The behavior of these connections was examined under static loading by using advanced finite element based software (ABAQUS). The modeling techniques used in this study were validated by comparing the numerical results of a through plate connection model with the results of two relevant experimental studies. The proposed connections were classified as semi-rigid connections according to Eurocode-3. These connections were able to move the plastic hinge away from the column panel zone. The maximum plastic rotations of all connection types were greater than 40 mrad. The failure mode, and moment-rotation curves of the concrete-filled column to steel beam connections were discussed based on numerical results. The influence of through plate material and through plate thickness were evaluated via a parametrical study.
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Kanemoto, K. "Hybrid Structure Columns for Underground Story." Concrete Journal 55, no. 3 (2017): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.55.3_232.
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Hamid, Marawan M., Layla A. G. Yassin, and Alyaa H. Mohammed. "Behavior of hybrid reinforced concrete columns." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 737 (March 6, 2020): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/737/1/012033.
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Li, Li, and Luis A. Colón. "Hydrosilylated allyl-silica hybrid monolithic columns." Journal of Separation Science 32, no. 15-16 (August 2009): 2737–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200900147.
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Mashshay, Safaa, and Adnan Al-Sibahya. "Structural Behavior of Novel ECC Short Columns Subjected to Eccentric Loading." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v13i1.647.
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This study was undertaken in order to investigate the structural behaviour of novel Engineering Cementitious Composites (ECC) columns subjected to eccentric loading. These columns were experimentally formulated using a hybridization of steel and polypropylene fibres. Two ratios were adopted for the steel fibres of 0.5% and 1%, whilst the polypropylene fibre was kept to be constant at a ratio of 0.5% for all of the ECC columns. The eccentric loads were applied at two eccentricities: small (h/6) and large (5h/12). A comparison was also made with the behaviour of self-compacting concrete and traditional ECC columns containing either steel or polypropylene fibres. The vertical and lateral deformations as well as the maximum load at failure were noted. The results obtained showed that the hybrid ECC columns exhibited higher load carrying capacities when compared with those of both self-compacting concrete and traditional ECC columns. The percentage increase was 30%. The hybrid ECC column samples containing 1% steel fibre did not show a signification difference in the load-deformation behaviour when it compared with that containing 0.5% steel fibre. The values of eccentricity governed the global behaviour of the tested columns. The predicated load carrying capacity of the ECC columns needs a magnification factor in case of concentric test, and to take into account the existence of fibres ratio when calculating the area of steel reinforcement for eccentric loading.
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Kim, Min Sook, and Young Hak Lee. "Seismic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Columns Retrofitted with Hybrid Concrete Jackets Subjected to Combined Loadings." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 6213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186213.
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In the existing reinforced concrete columns where they are insufficient seismic details, critical failure mode such as shear failure can be observed under seismic loads. One strategy for the retrofitting of existing concrete columns is to use concrete jacketing. Concrete jacketing consists of a new concrete layer with longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, and can improve seismic resistance capacity. In this paper, a detail of concrete jacket that can be expected for easy construction and improved adhesion performance of longitudinal and transverse reinforcement was proposed. Additionally, a combined cyclic loading test was conducted to consider the seismic load with multiaxial characteristics. The concrete jacket details utilize three components: Steel Grid Reinforcement (SGR), Steel Wire Mesh (SWM), and Steel Fiber Non-Shrinkage Mortar (SFNM). One RC column with non-seismic details and two jacketed RC columns were fabricated to demonstrate the construction efficiencies and structural capacities of the jacketed columns. Two details of jacketed section were considered as variables. It was observed that the specimens retrofitted with concrete jacket resisted torsional load more than the un-retrofitted specimen in terms of crack and failure mode. The experimental results showed that the maximum load of retrofitted specimens was increased by more than 8 times compared to the un-retrofitted specimen, regardless of the jacket details. Newly designed concrete jacket effectively increased the strength. Compared with the un-retrofitted column, the columns retrofitted with the proposed details achieved significant increase in initial stiffness and energy dissipation.
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He, Wei, Bing Fu, and Feng-Chen An. "Analysis and Design of Short FRP-Confined Concrete-Encased Arbitrarily Shaped Steel Columns under Biaxial Loading." International Journal of Polymer Science 2018 (November 25, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9832894.
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The FRP-confined concrete-encased steel column is a new form of hybrid column, which integrates advantages of all the constituent materials. Its structural performance, including load carrying capacity, ductility, and corrosion resistance, has been demonstrated to be excellent by limited experimental investigation. Currently, no systematic procedure, particularly for that with reinforced structural steel of arbitrary shapes, has been proposed for the sectional analysis and design for such novel hybrid columns under biaxial loading. The present paper aims at filling this research gap by proposing an approach for the rapid section analysis and providing rationale basis for FRP-confined concrete-encased arbitrarily shaped steel columns. A robust iterative scheme has been used with a traditional so-called fiber element method. The presented numerical examples demonstrated the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach.
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Szilágyi, Botond, Do Thi Huyen Trang, Dániel Fózer, Asmaa Selim, Enikő Haáz, and András József Tóth. "Modelling of Hybrid Method for VOC Removal from Process Wastewater: Distillation and Hydrophilic Pervaporation." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 64, no. 3 (April 20, 2020): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.15190.
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The study is motivated by the industrial problem from pharmaceutical industry, which is ethanol and methanol removal from process wastewater. To complete this goal hybrid method is investigated and optimized. Two distillation columns are sufficient for separation of alcohol-water mixture. Suitable water can be purified as bottom product of first column. Ethanol and methanol purification is achieved with combination of second distillation column and pervaporation. The target of this research is to rigorously model and optimize the separation of water-ethanol-methanol ternary mixture in professional flowsheet simulator environment. The minimal sufficient membrane transfers area and number of minimal theoretical stages of the columns are determined. Cost estimation is also investigated according to Douglas methodology. Considering the simulation and economic results it can be determined that, the hybrid configuration is suitable for separation of ternary mixture in 99.5 weight percent purity.
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Asmari, Mufarreh, Xiaoyu Wang, Natalia Casado, Marjan Piponski, Sergiy Kovalenko, Liliya Logoyda, Rasha Sayed Hanafi, and Sami El Deeb. "Chiral Monolithic Silica-Based HPLC Columns for Enantiomeric Separation and Determination: Functionalization of Chiral Selector and Recognition of Selector-Selectand Interaction." Molecules 26, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 5241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175241.
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This review draws attention to the use of chiral monolithic silica HPLC columns for the enantiomeric separation and determination of chiral compounds. Properties and advantages of monolithic silica HPLC columns are also highlighted in comparison to conventional particle-packed, fused-core, and sub-2-µm HPLC columns. Nano-LC capillary monolithic silica columns as well as polymeric-based and hybrid-based monolithic columns are also demonstrated to show good enantioresolution abilities. Methods for introducing the chiral selector into the monolithic silica column in the form of mobile phase additive, by encapsulation and surface coating, or by covalent functionalization are described. The application of molecular modeling methods to elucidate the selector–selectand interaction is discussed. An application for enantiomeric impurity determination is also considered.
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Yuan, Fang, Liping Chen, Mengcheng Chen, and Kaicheng Xu. "Behaviour of Hybrid Steel and FRP-Reinforced Concrete—ECC Composite Columns under Reversed Cyclic Loading." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 4231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124231.
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Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) is used widely in concrete structures owing to its noncorrosive, light-weight, nonmagnetic, and high tensile-strength properties. However, the FRP-reinforced concrete flexural member exhibits low ductility owing to the linear–elastic property of FRP reinforcement. Hybrid steel—FRP-reinforced concrete members exhibit good strength and ductility under flexure owing to the inelastic deformation of steel reinforcement. The existing investigations have focused on the mechanical behaviours of the hybrid steel—FRP-reinforced flexural members. Only few studies have been reported on the members under combined flexural and compression loads, such as columns, owing to the poor compressive behaviour of FRP bars. We herein propose a new type of hybrid steel—FRP-reinforced concrete—engineered cementitious composite (ECC) composite column with ECC applied to the plastic hinge region and tested it under reversed cyclic loading. The hybrid steel—FRP-reinforced concrete column was also tested for comparison. The influence of matrix type in the plastic hinge region on the failure mode, crack pattern, ultimate strength, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity, of the columns were evaluated systematically. We found that the substitution of concrete with ECC in the plastic hinge zone can prevent the local buckling of FRP bars efficiently, and subsequently improve the strength and ductility of the column substantially.
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Cai, Ling, Yi Deng, and Xing Jiang. "Construction Technology of Centro-Column Drum Towers of Dong Nationality." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 870–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.870.
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Abstract: The building structure of a Dong nationality’s drum tower is divided into two categories, namely, the tai-liang and chuan-dou hybrid structures, and the chuan-dou structure, which are from the major carpentry structure system of traditional Chinese timber structure architecture. Then, the most common “centro-column” type drum tower among the chuan-dou structure drum towers is defined and classified. The structure technology features of “single-column” and “ringed-column” drum towers, which are also those of a “centro-column” drum tower, are discussed in great detail. Through surveying and mapping, structure conversion models, such as those that “increased columns” and “reduced columns” of “ringed-column” drum towers, are studied mainly. In addition, many specific construction details that improve a drum tower’s external image, like multi-eaves, columns that are inclined inwards, as well as the honeycomb Dougong, are also studied in this paper.
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Kontoni, D. P. N., and A. A. Farghaly. "Seismic Evaluation of Mixed Steel and RC Columns in Hybrid High-Rise Buildings." Archives of Civil Engineering 65, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0015.
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AbstractThe growth in high-rise building construction has increased the need for hybrid reinforced concrete and steel structural systems. Columns in buildings are the most important elements because of their seismic resistance. Reinforced concrete (RC) columns and steel columns were used herein to form hybrid structural systems combining their distinct advantages. Eleven 3D building models subjected to earthquake excitation with reinforced concrete beams and slabs of 12 floors in height and with different distributions of mixed columns were analyzed by the SAP2000 software in order to investigate the most suitable distributions of a combination of reinforced concrete and steel columns. Top displacements and accelerations, base normal forces, base shear forces, and base bending moments were computed to evaluate the selected hybrid structural systems. The findings are helpful in evaluating the efficiency of the examined hybrid high-rise buildings in resisting earthquakes.
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Zhang, Bing, Jun-Liang Zhao, Tao Huang, Ning-Yuan Zhang, Yi-Jie Zhang, and Xia-Min Hu. "Effect of fiber angles on hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns under monotonic axial compression." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 7 (January 2, 2020): 1487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219895916.
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Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns are a novel form of hollow columns that combine two traditional construction materials (i.e. concrete and steel) with fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns consist of an inner tube made of steel, an outer tube made of fiber-reinforced polymer, and a concrete layer between the two tubes. Existing studies, however, are focused on hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns with fibers of the fiber-reinforced polymer tube oriented in the hoop direction or close to the hoop direction. In order to investigate the effect of fiber angles (i.e. the fiber angle between the fiber orientation and the longitudinal axis of the fiber-reinforced polymer tube), monotonic axial compression tests were conducted on hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns with an fiber-reinforced polymer tube of ±45°, ±60°, or ±80° fiber angles. There were two types of steel tubes adopted for these hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns. The fiber-reinforced polymer tube thickness was also investigated as an important parameter. Experimental results showed that the confinement effect of the fiber-reinforced polymer tube increased with the increase of the absolute value of fiber angles, whereas the ultimate axial strain of hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns decreased with the increase of the absolute value of fiber angles. An existing stress–strain model, which was developed on the basis of hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns with an fiber-reinforced polymer tube of ±90° fiber angles, is verified using the test results of this study. For the compressive strength of the confined concrete in hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer–concrete–steel double-skin tubular columns, the existing model provides conservative predictions for specimens with a ±80° fiber-reinforced polymer tube, overestimated predictions for specimens with a ±60° fiber-reinforced polymer tube, and close predictions for specimens with a ±45° fiber-reinforced polymer tube.
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Rashedi, Ahmad, Riadh Marzouki, Ali Raza, Khawar Ali, Niyi Gideon Olaiya, and Mayandi Kalimuthu. "Glass FRP-Reinforced Geopolymer Based Columns Comprising Hybrid Fibres: Testing and FEA Modelling." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020324.
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This study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of glass-FRP-reinforced geopolymer concrete columns integrating hybrid fibres (GFGC columns) and steel bar-reinforced geopolymer concrete columns incorporating hybrid fibres (SFGC columns) under eccentric and concentric loadings. Steel fibre (SF) and polypropylene fibres (PF) are two types of fibres that are mixed into hybrid fibre-reinforced geopolymer concrete (HFRGC). Eighteen circular concrete columns with a cross-section of 300 mm × 1200 mm were cast and examined under axial loading up to failure. Nine columns were cast with glass-FRP rebars, whereas the other nine were cast with steel rebars. Using ABAQUS, a nonlinear finite element model was established for the GFGC and SFGC columns. The HFRGC material was modelled using a simplified concrete damage plasticity model, whereas the glass-FRP material was simulated as a linear elastic material. It was observed that GFGC columns had up to 20% lower axial strength (AST) and up to 24% higher ductility indices than SFGC columns. The failure modes of both GFGC and SFGC columns were analogous. Both GFGC and SFGC columns revealed the same effect of eccentricity in the form of a decline in AST. A novel statistical model was suggested for predicting the AST of GFGC columns. The outcomes of the experiments, finite element simulations, and theoretical results show that the models can accurately determine the AST of GFGC columns.
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Furqani, Firda, Lee Wah Lim, and Toyohide Takeuchi. "One-pot Facile Preparation of Amino-functionalized Silica Hybrid Monoliths for Mixed-mode Chromatography." Journal of the Indonesian Chemical Society 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34311/jics.2019.02.2.81.
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Silica hybrid monolithic columns were prepared using two precursors, in which organo-functionalized trialkoxysilanes are mixed with tetraalkoxysilanes. In this study, several types of amino-functionalized silica hybrid monolithic columns were prepared via single-step “one-pot” approach, and the amount of silica precursors, porogens, as well as the reaction conditions were optimized. The preparation was carried out by mixing the silica precursors, i.e. tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) or tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with amino precursors such as aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES), aminoethylaminopropyl-trimethoxysilane (AEAPTMS), and phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (PAPTMS) in a porogenic solution. The chromatographic performance of these hybrid monolithic columns was optimized by investigating several parameters through the separation of inorganic anions (IO3-, BrO3-, Br-, NO2-, NO3-, I-, SCN-) and some polar compounds (thymine, thymidine, adenosine, adenine, uridine). Results showed that the silica hybrid monolithic columns could be operated at higher flow-rate that favors rapid separation. The run-to-run repeatability of Si-APTES and Si-PAPTMS hybrid monolithic columns were satisfactory with relative standard deviations (n = 5) of less than 8% for all the analyte anions.
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Li, Tao, Yuan Fang Du, She Liang Wang, and Tao Yang. "Ductility and Strength of Modified Recycled Aggregates Columns with Silica Fume and Hybrid Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 1558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1558.
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In order to make up for the defects of new and old aggregate, making full use of the function of silicon fume and hybrid fiber, cyclic loading tests were carried out on five concrete with recycled aggregate columns and an ordinary concrete frame column under the combined influence with different admixtures and its ratios (silica powder and hybrid fiber) . This text was focused on the properties and failure pattern of specimens, displacement ductility coefficient, ultimate displacement rotation and horizontal bearing capacity. The test results showed that a low content of silica powder could improve ductility performance, while the addition of hybrid fiber made the ductility to be further enhanced and improved the early strength by a larger margin than later stage. With the constitutive relation and adjusting the modification coefficient of concrete stress strain curve using MATLAB, It could be more accurate on the bearing capacity of the columns.
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Yang, Cheng-Yu, Xue-Song Cai, Yong Yuan, and Yuan-Chi Ma. "Hybrid Simulation of Soil Station System Response to Two-Dimensional Earthquake Excitation." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 5, 2019): 2582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092582.
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Soil station system seismic issues have been highly valued in recent years. In order to investigate the dynamic seismic behaviors of the intermediate column in soil station systems, a hybrid test of a soil station system was conducted. The soil station model was performed with OpenSees. Virtual hybrid simulation was fulfilled with adapter elements. A hybrid model, composed of the steel column specimen and the remainder numerical model, was assembled using the OpenFresco framework. An intermediate column was treated as the physical substructure, while the rest of the soil station system was treated as the numerical substructure in a hybrid simulation. The hybrid test results are compared with the analytical results. The data obtained from such tests show that the system can accurately reflect the mechanical properties of intermediate columns in soil station systems. A hybrid simulation would be a proper way to assess the seismic performance of a soil station system.
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Chellapandian, Jain, Prakash, and Sharma. "Effect of Cyclic Damage on the Performance of RC Square Columns Strengthened Using Hybrid FRP Composites under Axial Compression." Fibers 7, no. 10 (October 14, 2019): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7100090.
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The effectiveness of hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening is evaluated for rapid repair of the pre-damaged plain concrete (PC) and reinforced concrete (RC) columns. The objective of this study is to understand the efficiency of hybrid technique for completely restoring the initial stiffness, load carrying capacity and ductility of pre-damaged columns under cyclic compression loads. Two series of PC and RC square columns were cast. The columns were pre-damaged by loading up to 80% of peak load capacity for three cycles under pure compression. After cyclic damage, the columns were strengthened with two techniques, namely (a) near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon FRP (CFRP) laminates and (b) hybrid FRP technique, which uses a combination of NSM and externally bonded (EB) CFRP fabric. Analytical modelling was carried out for predicting the behaviour of columns with initial cyclic pre-damage. Additionally, a phased three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis was performed to validate the behaviour of pre-damaged columns with different strengthening techniques. Test results show that cyclic pre-loading and resulting damage causes a reduction in axial stiffness of all damaged specimens. Hybrid strengthening completely restored the stiffness and strength under compression. Prediction of analytical and FE analysis correlated well with the tests.
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Mirmiran, Amir, Mohsen Shahawy, and Thomas Beitleman. "Slenderness Limit for Hybrid FRP-Concrete Columns." Journal of Composites for Construction 5, no. 1 (February 2001): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0268(2001)5:1(26).
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Keo, Pisey, Hugues Somja, Quang-Huy Nguyen, and Mohammed Hjiaj. "Simplified design method for slender hybrid columns." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 110 (July 2015): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2015.03.006.
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Dai, Huijuan, and Bo Wang. "Seismic Analysis of Steel Solid Web Girder-RC Tubular Column Hybrid Structure." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112095.
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This paper aims to investigate the seismic performance of a novel type of steel–concrete hybrid supporting structure consisting of reinforced concrete (RC) tubular columns, steel solid web girder platform, and A-shaped steel frames. It is typically used to house air-cooled condensers (ACC) in thermal power plants (TPPs). First, the finite-element (FE) model was implemented in ABAQUS and the simulation approaches were validated by pseudo-dynamic test results of a scaled steel-concrete hybrid supporting structure. Then, the elasto-plastic time-history analysis of the steel solid web girder-RC tubular column hybrid structure was conducted. The El Centro (NS) record was scaled to peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.07, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.62 g to reflect the frequent, basic, rare, and very rare earthquakes. The dynamic characteristics, base shear force, lateral deformation performance, stiffness deterioration, and damage evolution characteristics were analyzed. The numerical results showed that the first vibration mode of this hybrid structure is torsion, due to its small torsional stiffness and the nonuniform distribution characteristics of stiffness and mass in the vertical direction; the lateral deformation shape is shear mode; and the damage mainly occurred on the RC tubular columns, while the steel components did not yield under severe earthquakes. In general, the overall seismic performance of the steel solid web girder-RC tubular column hybrid structural system could meet the seismic design requirements with respect to the high-intensity earthquakes.
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Yang, Huifeng, Chaochao Wang, Junbin Hu, Haotian Tao, Jiwei Liu, Liqiu Tang, and Benkai Shi. "Experimental static and seismic behaviour of glulam beam-to-column connection with screwed-in threaded rod joints." BioResources 16, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 5272–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.3.5272-5286.
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To evaluate the static and seismic behaviour of glulam beam-to-column connections with screwed-in threaded rods, nine specimens grouped in three were tested under both monotonic and reversed cyclic loads. The failure modes, moment resistance, initial rotation stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the developed connections were investigated. The results indicated that the developed beam-to-column connections showed superior structural performance. Furthermore, with the introduction of a steel bracket, the hybrid screwed-in threaded rod connection features larger stiffness, higher load-carrying capacity, remarkable ductility, and better energy dissipation capacity. The main failure modes included the yielding of steel brackets, as well as the yielding or rupture of the threaded rods, which indicated a ductile behaviour. The connection specimens with steel columns showed larger stiffness than those with glulam columns, which is reasonable for the bigger compressive deformation of glulam columns.
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Zhang, Bing, Xia-Min Hu, Wei Wei, Qian-Biao Zhang, Ning-Yuan Zhang, and Yi-Jie Zhang. "Effect of Cross-Sectional Aspect Ratio on Rectangular FRP-Concrete-Steel Double-Skin Tubular Columns under Axial Compression." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (May 27, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1349034.
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Hybrid FRP-concrete-steel double-skin tubular columns (hybrid DSTCs) are novel hollow columns consisting of an outer FRP tube, an inner steel tube, and the concrete between the two tubes. Hybrid DSTCs possess important advantages, such as excellent corrosion resistance as well as remarkable seismic resistance. However, existing studies are mainly focused on hybrid DSTCs with a circular cross section or a square cross section. When a column is subjected to different load levels in the two horizontal directions, a rectangular column is preferred as it can provide different bending stiffness and moment capacity around its two axes of symmetry. This paper presents an experimental study on rectangular DSTCs with a particular focus on the effect of the cross-sectional aspect ratio (i.e., the ratio of the breadth to the width of the rectangular cross section). The effect of the cross-sectional shape of the inner steel tube (i.e., both elliptical and rectangular inner steel tubes were used) and the effect of FRP tube thickness were also investigated experimentally. Experimental results show that a larger aspect ratio will have no negative effect on the confinement effect in rectangular DSTCs; a rectangular DSTC with a larger aspect ratio generally has a larger ultimate axial strain and a higher axial stress at the ultimate axial strain; rectangular DSTCs with an elliptical steel tube generally have better performance than corresponding specimens with a rectangular steel tube. An existing model, which was developed based on a model for rectangular FRP-confined concrete columns and a model for circular DSTCs, is verified using the test results of the present study. The model generally provides close predictions for the peak axial stress of the confined concrete but yields conservative predictions for the ultimate axial strain for rectangular DSTCs.
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Wu, Hwai-Chung, and Boubacar Diallo. "Ductile Compressive Failure of Concrete Reinforced with High Strength Carbon Hybrid Composite." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 12, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801812010049.
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Background: For centuries, steel rebar has been the primary reinforcement in concrete despite its major drawbacks, such as its heavy weight, high electrical conductivity, and corrosiveness. Thus, in response to the need for better alternatives, innovative Hybrid Composite (HC) reinforcements have been developed. Objective: The focus of this paper is to investigate the performance of tubular HC reinforcements in concrete columns under axial compressive loading. Method: Concrete columns of different sizes were tested. Results and Conclusion: For the small columns, HC reinforced columns showed very high load capacity, which was more than 3 times the capacity of plain concrete. Moreover, significant ductility was achieved with an ultimate strain of up to 59%. For the large columns, HC reinforced columns showed similar load capacities, but much larger ultimate strains in comparison to the corresponding steel reinforced concrete columns.
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Li, Jian Hui, Zhao Zhong Chang, Ying Li, and Zong Cai Deng. "Seismic Performance of Corroded RC Circular Columns Strengthened with Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymers." Advanced Materials Research 266 (June 2011): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.266.192.
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In order to research the seismic performance of strengthening corroded RC circular columns with hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) sheets, ten RC columns were tested under cyclic load and constant axial. Test phenomena are described, experimental data are analyzed and compared, and the effect of the axial compression ratio and stirrup reinforcement ratio on the seismic behavior is studied. Results show that the corrosion of steel bars may introduce the brittle failure for RC columns in some extent, and the seismic performance can be enhanced effectively for RC columns strengthened with hybrid FRP. Ductility and energy dissipation are improved significantly, but the bearing capacity can be only increased within limits. When the degree of rebar corrosion is 5.1%, the maximum displacement ductility factor and accumulated energy dissipation of the strengthened corroded columns are 123% and 12.5 times larger respectively than that of the un-strengthened corroded columns.
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Park, Seon-Chee, Won-Kee Hong, Sunkuk Kim, and Xiangyu Wang. "Mathematical Model of Hybrid Precast Gravity Frames for Smart Construction and Engineering." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/916951.
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The structural stability, constructability, economic feasibility, environmental-friendliness, and energy efficiency of hybrid composite frame systems have been demonstrated by practical application and research. A hybrid composite frame system combines the economy of precast concrete structures with the constructability of steel frame structures, including erection speed. Novel composite frames will ultimately maximize the efficiency of structural design and facilitate construction. This paper presents hybrid precast frames, which are precast composite frames based on a simple connection between precast concrete columns and beams. The hybrid precast frames designed to resist gravity loading consist of PC columns, PC beams, and steel inserted in the precast members. Steel sections located between the precast columns were simply connected to steel inserted at each end of the precast beams. Dynamic analysis of a 15-story building designed with the proposed composite frame was performed to determine the dynamic characteristics of a building constructed of hybrid frames, including frequencies and mode shapes.
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Javidan, Fatemeh. "Lateral Cyclic Performance of Hybrid Fabricated Beam‐Columns." ce/papers 4, no. 2-4 (September 2021): 1657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.1470.
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Mirmiran, Amir, Mohsen Shahawy, and Hazem El Echary. "Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Hybrid FRP-Concrete Columns." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 125, no. 8 (August 1999): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(1999)125:8(899).
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