Relevant bibliographies by topics / Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains

Academic literature on the topic 'Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains"

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Kafui Ayetor, Godwin, George Bright Gyamfi, and Ebenezer Tetteh Larnor. "Drive Cycle Performance of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles." International Journal of Technology and Management Research 1, no. 2 (March 12, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v1i2.16.

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This paper focuses on the effects of HEV (Hybrid-Electric Vehicles) Powertrains on fuel economy and overall system efficiency. Three different hybrid-electric powertrains: Series; Parallel and Combined have been simulated on ADVISOR by the use of MATLAB platform. Three drive cycles, Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and Highway Fuel Economy Transport Cycle (HWFET), were used to determine best Fuel Economy, Overall System Efficiency and Energy usage for each Powertrain.While Parallel Powertrain showed best fuel economy and system efficiency at lower speeds (20 mph) during frequent start-stops, Combined Hybrid showed much more significant fuel savings at constant speeds above 48 mph. In situations where both battery and engine power were required simultaneously, Combined Hybrid showed much higher system efficiency giving credence to its PowerSplit device. In conclusion, the selection of the preferred Powertrain for Hybrid Electric application depends strictly on the application required. The results clearly show that advantages of both Series and Parallel powertrains have not been effectively harnessed in the Combined Powertrain as expected. This highlights the need for a Powertrain which effectively saves fuel at all speeds irrespective of number of idle times or stops. Keywords: Hybrid electric vehicle; zero emissions; combined hybrid; series hybrid; parallel hybrid; electric vehicles; fuel cells
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Cai, William, Xiaogang Wu, Minghao Zhou, Yafei Liang, and Yujin Wang. "Review and Development of Electric Motor Systems and Electric Powertrains for New Energy Vehicles." Automotive Innovation 4, no. 1 (February 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42154-021-00139-z.

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AbstractThis paper presents a review on the recent research and technical progress of electric motor systems and electric powertrains for new energy vehicles. Through the analysis and comparison of direct current motor, induction motor, and synchronous motor, it is found that permanent magnet synchronous motor has better overall performance; by comparison with converters with Si-based IGBTs, it is found converters with SiC MOSFETs show significantly higher efficiency and increase driving mileage per charge. In addition, the pros and cons of different control strategies and algorithms are demonstrated. Next, by comparing series, parallel, and power split hybrid powertrains, the series–parallel compound hybrid powertrains are found to provide better fuel economy. Different electric powertrains, hybrid powertrains, and range-extended electric systems are also detailed, and their advantages and disadvantages are described. Finally, the technology roadmap over the next 15 years is proposed regarding traction motor, power electronic converter and electric powertrain as well as the key materials and components at each time frame.
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Maddumage, W. U., K. Y. Abeyasighe, M. S. M. Perera, R. A. Attalage, and P. Kelly. "Comparing Fuel Consumption and Emission Levels of Hybrid Powertrain Configurations and a Conventional Powertrain in Varied Drive Cycles and Degree of Hybridization." Science & Technique 19, no. 1 (February 5, 2020): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2020-19-1-20-33.

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Hybrid electric powertrains in automotive applications aim to improve emissions and fuel economy with respect to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Variety of design scenarios need to be addressed in designing a hybrid electric vehicle to achieve desired design objectives such as fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions. The work in this paper presents an analysis of the design objectives for an automobile powertrain with respect to different design scenarios, i. e. target drive cycle and degree of hybridization. Toward these ends, four powertrain configuration models (i. e. internal combustion engine, series, parallel and complex hybrid powertrain configurations) of a small vehicle (motorized three wheeler) are developed using Model Advisor software and simulated with varied drive cycles and degrees of hybridization. Firstly, the impact of vehicle power control strategy and operational characteristics of the different powertrain configurations are investigated with respect to exhaust gas emissions and fuel consumption. Secondly, the drive cycles are scaled according to kinetic intensity and the relationship between fuel consumption and drive cycles is assessed. Thirdly, three fuel consumption models are developed so that fuel consumption values for a real-world drive cycle may be predicted in regard to each powertrain configuration. The results show that when compared with a conventional powertrain fuel consumption is lower in hybrid vehicles. This work led to the surprisingly result showing higher CO emission levels with hybrid vehicles. Furthermore, fuel consumption of all four powertrains showed a strong correlation with kinetic intensity values of selected drive cycles. It was found that with varied drive cycles the average fuel advantage for each was: series 23 %, parallel 21 %, and complex hybrids 33 %, compared to an IC engine powertrain. The study reveals that performance of hybrid configurations vary significantly with drive cycle and degree of hybridization. The paper also suggests future areas of study.
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Mansour, Charbel, Wissam Bou Nader, Clément Dumand, and Maroun Nemer. "Waste heat recovery from engine coolant on mild hybrid vehicle using organic Rankine cycle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 2502–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018797819.

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Considerable efforts have been invested in the automotive industry on electrified powertrains in order to reduce passenger cars’ dependence on fossil fuels. Powertrains electrification resulted in a wide range of mass-production hybrid vehicle models, ranging from micro-hybrid, to mild, full, and battery-extended hybrids such as plug-in and range-extender electric vehicles. Fuel savings of these powertrains strongly rely on the energy management strategy deployed on-board, as well as on the technology used to recover the waste heat energy. This paper investigates the fuel savings potential of a mild hybrid vehicle using an organic Rankine cycle for generating electricity from the engine-coolant circuit. The net mechanical power and electrical power generated from the organic Rankine cycle are determined based on experimental data recorded on a 1.2-L turbocharged engine. The coolant temperature is regulated at 85°C and 105°C depending on the engine load. The R-1234yf organic fluid is used and the Rankine operating pressure has been controlled to maximize the overall system efficiency under technological constraints. The dynamic programming control is used as a global optimal energy management strategy in order to define the best strategy for the engine operation and power-split between the electric and thermal paths of the powertrain. A sensitivity analysis is also performed to find the optimal size of the electric motor while taking into account the additional weight of the organic Rankine cycle system. Results show 2.4% of fuel economy improvement on The Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Cycles.
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Bou Nader, Wissam S., Charbel J. Mansour, Maroun G. Nemer, and Olivier M. Guezet. "Exergo-technological explicit methodology for gas-turbine system optimization of series hybrid electric vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 232, no. 10 (October 6, 2017): 1323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407017728849.

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Significant research efforts have been invested in the automotive industry on hybrid electrified powertrains in order to reduce the dependence of passenger cars on oil. Electrification of powertrains resulted in a wide range of hybrid vehicle architectures. The fuel consumption of these powertrains strongly relies on the energy converter performance, as well as on the energy management strategy deployed on board. This paper investigates the potential of fuel consumption savings of a series hybrid electric vehicle using a gas turbine as an energy converter instead of the conventional internal-combustion engine. An exergo-technological explicit analysis is conducted to identify the best configuration of the gas-turbine system. An intercooled regenerative reheat cycle is prioritized, offering higher efficiency and higher power density than those of other investigated gas-turbine systems. A series hybrid electric vehicle model is developed and powertrain components are sized by considering the vehicle performance criteria. Energy consumption simulations are performed over the Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure driving cycle using dynamic programming as the global optimal energy management strategy. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out in order to evaluate the impact of the battery size on the fuel consumption, for self-sustaining and plug-in series hybrid electric vehicle configurations. The results show an improvement in the fuel consumption of 22–25% with the gas turbine as the auxiliary power unit in comparison with that of the internal-combustion engine. Consequently, the studied auxiliary power unit for the gas turbine presents a potential for implementation on series hybrid electric vehicles.
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Kim, Kiyoung, Namdoo Kim, Jongryeol Jeong, Sunghwan Min, Horim Yang, Ram Vijayagopal, Aymeric Rousseau, and Suk Won Cha. "A Component-Sizing Methodology for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using an Optimization Algorithm." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113147.

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Many leading companies in the automotive industry have been putting tremendous effort into developing new powertrains and technologies to make their products more energy efficient. Evaluating the fuel economy benefit of a new technology in specific powertrain systems is straightforward; and, in an early concept phase, obtaining a projection of energy efficiency benefits from new technologies is extremely useful. However, when carmakers consider new technology or powertrain configurations, they must deal with a trade-off problem involving factors such as energy efficiency and performance, because of the complexities of sizing a vehicle’s powertrain components, which directly affect its energy efficiency and dynamic performance. As powertrains of modern vehicles become more complicated, even more effort is required to design the size of each component. This study presents a component-sizing process based on the forward-looking vehicle simulator “Autonomie” and the optimization algorithm “POUNDERS”; the supervisory control strategy based on Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle (PMP) assures sufficient computational system efficiency. We tested the process by applying it to a single power-split hybrid electric vehicle to determine optimal values of gear ratios and each component size, where we defined the optimization problem as minimizing energy consumption when the vehicle’s dynamic performance is given as a performance constraint. The suggested sizing process will be helpful in determining optimal component sizes for vehicle powertrain to maximize fuel efficiency while dynamic performance is satisfied. Indeed, this process does not require the engineer’s intuition or rules based on heuristics required in the rule-based process.
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Deaconu, Sorin Ioan, Marcel Topor, Gabriel Nicolae Popa, and Feifei Bu. "Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Matrix Converter and Direct Torque Control in Powertrains Asynchronous Motor Drives." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 01066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929201066.

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Electric transportation has made rapid developments and significant steps toward the full electrical powertrain systems. With the increased use of electric vehicles energy conversion systems several technologies have been developed and reached a high degree of performance. Since electric vehicles and hybrid are the more cost competitive technology available today, the evolution toward a more reliable powertrain combining different electric powertrain systems is needed. Induction machine and permanent magnet generators/motors integrated powertrains have some significant advantages over other types of systems such as no need of excitation, low volume and weight, high precision, and no use of a complex gearbox for torque/speed conversion. A electric vehicle powertrain for EV propulsion with a induction motor and a matrix converter is proposed in this paper. The induction motor is controlled using the direct torque flux algorithm. The traditional power conversion stages consist of a rectifier followed by an inverter and bulky DC link capacitor. It involves 2 stages of power conversion and, subsequently, the efficiency of the overall EV is reduced because of power quality issues mainly based on total harmonic distortion. The proposed solution incorporates a matrix converter is mainly utilized to control the induction electric motor for propulsion. The matrix converter is a simple and compact direct AC-AC converter. The proposed EV with matrix converter is modeled using PSIM.
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Borthakur, Swagata, and Shankar C. Subramanian. "Design and optimization of a modified series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 6 (March 12, 2018): 1419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018759357.

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Hybrid electric vehicles are emerging technologies that are considered as eco-friendly alternative solutions to internal combustion engine–driven vehicles. This paper proposes a modified hybrid electric vehicle powertrain system that addresses the shortcomings of a series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain. The proposed configuration replaces the conventional generator of a series hybrid electric vehicle with an integrated starter generator that supports the traction motor of the vehicle during acceleration and peak torque requirements and maintains the state of charge of the batteries to provide an extended electric range of the vehicle. The work done in this paper can be categorized into two stages. The first stage is the methodical development of the powertrain in terms of initial parameter matching and sizing of the vehicle components by considering the fundamentals of longitudinal vehicle dynamics. The second stage describes the optimization of the proposed configuration to meet the design objective of maximizing fuel economy subjected to a set of vehicle performance constraints. The performance of the proposed powertrain was evaluated and compared with a series hybrid electric vehicle powertrain for an on-road Indian driving cycle using AVL CRUISE, which is a commercially available software for the study and analysis of road vehicle powertrains. Result analysis during initial parameterization showed a reduction in gross vehicle weight of the proposed configuration by 244 kg (1.5%) and an improvement in the average operating efficiency of the traction motor by around 11%, when compared to a series hybrid electric vehicle. Furthermore, the optimization results for the proposed configuration established an improvement in the fuel economy by 21% while meeting vehicle performance requirements.
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Wolff, Sebastian, Moritz Seidenfus, Karim Gordon, Sergio Álvarez, Svenja Kalt, and Markus Lienkamp. "Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 5396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135396.

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The transportation sector needs to significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions. European manufacturers in particular must develop new vehicles and powertrains to comply with recent regulations and avoid fines for exceeding C O 2 emissions. To answer the question regarding which powertrain concept provides the best option to lower the environmental impacts, it is necessary to evaluate all vehicle life-cycle phases. Different system boundaries and scopes of the current state of science complicate a holistic impact assessment. This paper presents a scaleable life-cycle inventory (LCI) for heavy-duty trucks and powertrains components. We combine primary and secondary data to compile a component-based inventory and apply it to internal combustion engine (ICE), hybrid and battery electric vehicles (BEV). The vehicles are configured with regard to their powertrain topology and the components are scaled according to weight models. The resulting material compositions are modeled with LCA software to obtain global warming potential and primary energy demand. Especially for BEV, decisions in product development strongly influence the vehicle’s environmental impact. Our results show that the lithium-ion battery must be considered the most critical component for electrified powertrain concepts. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of considering the vehicle production phase.
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Piechottka, Hendrik, Ferit Küçükay, Felix Kercher, and Michael Bargende. "Optimal Powertrain Design through a Virtual Development Process." World Electric Vehicle Journal 9, no. 1 (June 13, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj9010011.

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The ever more stringent global CO2 and pollutant emission regulations imply that the optimization of conventional powertrains can only provide partial reductions in fleet emissions. Vehicle manufacturers are therefore responding by increasing the electrification of their powertrain portfolios. This in turn, results in higher levels of electrification of the individual powertrain units. The increase in electric power leads to a comprehensive range of possible technologies—from 48 V mild hybrids to pure electric concepts. The powertrain topology and the configuration of the electrical components of a hybrid powertrain play a decisive role in determining the overall efficiency when considering the individual market requirements. Different hybrid functions as well as performance and customer requirements are determined from statutory cycles and in customer operation. A virtual development chain that is based on MATLAB/Simulink then represents the steps for the identification, configuration, and evaluation of new electrified powertrains. The tool chain presented supports powertrain development through automated conceptualization, design, and evaluation of powertrain systems and their components. The outcome of the entire tool chain is a robust concept decision for future powertrains. Using this methodical and reproducible approach, future electrified powertrain concepts are identified.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains"

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Taylor, Samuel P. "Design and simulation of high performance hybrid electric vehicle powertrains." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1839.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 93 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-93).
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Sivertsson, Martin. "Optimal Control of Electrified Powertrains." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117290.

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Vehicle powertrain electrification, i.e. combining the internal combustion engine (ICE) with an electric motor (EM), is a potential way of meeting the increased demands for efficient and low emission transportation, at a price of increased powertrain complexity since more degrees of freedom (DoF) have been introduced. Optimal control is used in a series of studies of how to best exploit the additional DoFs. In a diesel-electric powertrain the absence of a secondary energy storage and mechanical connection between the ICE and the wheels means that all electricity used by the EMs needs to be produced simultaneously by the ICE, whose rotational speed is a DoF. This in combination with the relatively slow dynamics of the turbocharger in the ICE puts high requirements on good transient control. In optimal control studies, accurate models with good extrapolation properties are needed. For this aim two nonlinear physics based models are developed and made available that fulfill these requirements, these are also smooth in the region of interest, to enable gradient based optimization techniques. Using optimal control and one of the developed models, the turbocharger dynamics are shown to have a strong impact on how to control the powertrain and neglecting these can lead to erroneous estimates both in the response of the powertrain as well as how the powertrain should be controlled. Also the objective, whether time or fuel is to be minimized, influences the engine speed-torque path to be used, even though it is shown that the time optimal solution is almost fuel optimal. To increase the freedom of the powertrain control, a small energy storage can be added to assist in the transients. This is shown to be especially useful to decrease the response time of the powertrain, but the manner it is used, depends on the time horizon of the optimal control problem. The resulting optimal control solutions are for certain cases oscillatory when stationary controls would have been expected. This is shown to be neither an artifact of the discretization used nor a result of the modeling assumptions used. Instead it is for the formulated problems actually optimal to use periodic control in certain stationary operating points. Measurements show that the pumping torque is different depending on whether the controls are periodic or constant despite the same average value. Whether this is beneficial or not depends on the operating point and control frequency, but can be predicted using optimal periodic control theory. In hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) the size of the energy storage reduces the impact of poor transient control, since the battery can compensate for the slower dynamics of the ICE. For HEVs the problem instead is how and when to use the battery to ensure good fuel economy. An adaptive map-based equivalent consumption minimization strategy controller using battery state of charge for feedback control is designed and tested in a real vehicle with good results, even when the controller is started with poor initial values. In a plug-in HEV (PHEV) the battery is even larger, enabling all-electric drive, making it it desirable to use the energy in the battery during the driving mission. A controller is designed and implemented for a PHEV Benchmark and is shown to perform well even for unknown driving cycles, requiring a minimum of future knowledge.
Elektrifiering av drivlinan i fordon är ett sätt att möta kraven på transporter med hög effektivitet och låga utsläpp. Att byta ut förbränningsmotorn mot en elmotor kan ge vinningar avseende effektivitet, prestanda och utsläpp, men till en kostnad av lägre mobilitet på grund av eletriska energilagers relativt låga energitäthet i jämförelse med fossila bränslen. Att istället komplettera förbränningsmotorn med en elmotor erbjuder möjligheten att kombinera de två systemens fördelar och samtidigt undvika nackdelarna. Att använda mer än en motor i drivlinan ökar komplexiteten eftersom fler frihetsgrader har introducerats. Detta ställer ökade krav på utformningen av reglersystemet för att få ut det mesta av potentialen i drivlinan. I optimal styrning använder man matematiska modeller och optimeringsalgoritmer för att beräkna hur man bäst styr det modellerade systemet. Storleken på det elektriska energilagret påverkar dock valet av optimal styrnings-metod samt vilken detaljnivå på modellerna som behövs. I avhandlingen används optimal styrning i en serie studier av hur man bäst utnyttjar de extra frihetsgraderna som elektrifieringen har introducerat. I en diesel-elektrisk drivlina finns det ingen mekanisk koppling mellan motorn och hjulen, likt en växellåda i ett vanligt fordon, vilket gör att dieselmotorns varvtal är en frihetsgrad som måste styras. Avsaknaden av elektriskt energilager leder också till att all elektrisk energi till elmotorn måste produceras av förbränningsmotorn exakt då den behövs. Dessa två egenskaper, i kombination med den långsamma dynamiken hos turboaggregatet, ställer detta höga krav på god transientreglering. För att studera optimal styrning krävs bra modeller med goda extrapoleringsegenskaper. Med avseende på detta utvecklas två fysik-baserade modeller som uppfyller dessa krav och dessutom är tillräckligt glatta i det relevanta arbetsområdet för att möjliggöra gradient-baserade optimeringstekniker. Med optimal styrning och en av de utvecklade modellerna visas turbons dynamik ha stor påverkan på hur drivlinan bör styras. Att försumma turbodynamiken kan leda till felaktiga uppskattningar, både av drivlinans responstid, men även hur den bör styras. Kriteriet, det vill säga om bränsle eller tidsåtgången minimeras, påverkar också vilken motorvarvtal-motormoment-väg som är optimal, även om det visas att den tidsoptimala lösningen är nästan bränsleoptimal. För att ytterligare öka frihetsgraden i drivlinan kan ett elektriskt energilager användas för att assistera i transienterna. Detta visar sig vara särskilt användbart för att minska responstiden hos drivlinan, men hur det ska använda beror på tidshorisonten på optimeringsproblemet De resulterande optimala styrsignalerna är i vissa fall oscillerande där konstanta styrsignaler förväntas. Detta visas vara vare sig en effekt av den använda diskretiseringen eller modelleringsvalen som är gjorda. Istället är det för de lösta problemen faktiskt optimalt att använda periodiska styrsignaler för vissa stationära arbetspunkter. I experiment visas att pumparbetet skiljer sig beroende på om periodiska eller konstanta styrsignaler används, även om medelvärdet är detsamma. Huruvida detta ökar effektiviteten eller inte beror på arbetspunkt och periodtid. För hybridelektriska fordon (HEV) så minskar batteriets storlek effekten av dålig transientreglering då batteriet kan användas för att kompensera för den långsamma förbränningsmotordynamiken. Istället blir problemet i huvudsak hur mycket och när batteriet ska användas för att få god bränsleekonomi. En adaptiv mapp-baserad ekvivalentförbruknings-minimerande styrlag (ECMS) med återkopplad reglering baserad på batteriets laddningsnivå, utvecklas och testas i riktigt fordon med gott resultat, även vid dålig initialisering av regulatorn. För plug-in hybrider (PHEV) är batteriet större och kan dessutom laddas från elnätet, vilket medför möjlighet till rent elektrisk drift och att det är önskvärt att använda energin i batteriet under köruppdraget. För att minska energiåtgången är det däremot ofta lönsamt att blanda energin från bränsle och batteriet kontinuerligt under köruppdraget och se till att batteriet töms lagom till slutet av köruppdraget. För att åstadkomma detta måste då även urladdningstakten bestämmas. En regulator utvecklas för att minimera energiåtgången för en PHEV, det vill säga som försöker använda lagom av batteriet så det ska räcka hela vägen, men inte längre. Denna regulator implementeras för ett referensproblem, med gott resultat även för okända körcykler, trots ett minimum av framtidskunskap.
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Houshmand, Arian. "Multidisciplinary Dynamic System Design Optimization of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1479822276400281.

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Doucette, Reed. "The Oxford Vehicle Model : a tool for modeling and simulating the powertrains of electric and hybrid electric vehicles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfff8f27-f4a4-4c77-953e-09253aba3aa0.

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This dissertation addresses the challenges of scoping and sizing components and modeling the tank to wheel energy flows in new and rapidly evolving classes of automotive vehicles. It introduces a system of computer models, known as the Oxford Vehicle Model (OVEM), which provide for the novel simulation of the powertrains of electric (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). OVEM has a three-level structure that makes a unique contribution to the field of vehicle analysis by enabling a user to proceed from performing scoping and sizing exercises through to accurately simulating the energy flows in powertrains of EVs and HEVs utilizing existing and emerging technologies based on real world data. Level 1 uses simplified models to support initial component scoping and sizing exercises in an analysis environment where uncertainty regarding component specifications is high. Level 2 builds on Level 1 by obtaining more refined component scoping and sizing estimates via the use of component models based on well-understood scientific principles that are product-independent – a crucial feature for obtaining unbiased scoping and sizing estimates. Level 3 employs a high degree of fidelity in that its models impose actual physical limits and are based on data from real technologies. This dissertation concludes with two chapters based on studies published as journal articles that used OVEM to address key issues facing the development of EVs and HEVs. The first study used OVEM to make the novel comparison between high-speed flywheels, batteries, and ultracapacitors on the bases of cost and fuel consumption while functioning as the energy storage systems in an HEV. The second study applied OVEM towards a novel examination of the CO2 emissions from plug-in HEVs (PHEVs) and compares their CO2 emissions to those from similar EVs and ICE-based vehicles.
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Walker, Alan Michael. "Axial flux permanent magnet electric machines for hybrid electric vehicle powertrains." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8911.

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Arasu, Mukilan T. "Energy Optimal Routing of Vehicle Fleet with Heterogeneous Powertrains." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1566150970771138.

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White, Eli Hampton. "An Illustrative Look at Energy Flow through Hybrid Powertrains for Design and Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49433.

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Throughout the past several years, a major push has been made for the automotive industry to provide vehicles with lower environmental impacts while maintaining safety, performance, and overall appeal. Various legislation has been put into place to establish guidelines for these improvements and serve as a challenge for automakers all over the world. In light of these changes, hybrid technologies have been growing immensely on the market today as customers are seeing the benefits with lower fuel consumption and higher efficiency vehicles. With the need for hybrids rising, it is vital for the engineers of this age to understand the importance of advanced vehicle technologies and learn how and why these vehicles can change the world as we know it. To help in the education process, this thesis seeks to define a powertrain model created and developed to help users understand the basics behind hybrid vehicles and the effects of these advanced technologies. One of the main goals of this research is to maintain a simplified approach to model development. There are very complex vehicle simulation models in the market today, however these can be hard to manipulate and even more difficult to understand. The 1 Hz model described within this work aims to allow energy to be simply and understandable traced through a hybrid powertrain. Through the use of a 'backwards' energy tracking method, demand for a drive cycle is found using a drive cycle and vehicle parameters. This demand is then used to determine what amount of energy would be required at each component within the powertrain all the way from the wheels to the fuel source, taking into account component losses and accessory loads on the vehicle. Various energy management strategies are developed and explained including controls for regenerative braking, Battery Electric Vehicles, and Thermostatic and Load-following Series Hybrid Electric Vehicles. These strategies can be easily compared and manipulated to understand the tradeoffs and limitations of each. After validating this model, several studies are completed. First, an example of using this model to design a hybrid powertrain is conducted. This study moves from defining system requirements to component selection, and then finding the best powertrain to accomplish the given constraints. Next, a parameter known as Power Split Fraction is studied to provide insight on how it affects overall powertrain efficiency. Since the goal with advanced vehicle powertrains is to increase overall system efficiency and reduce overall energy consumption, it is important to understand how all of the factors involved affect the system as a whole. After completing these studies, this thesis moves on to discussing future work which will continue refining this model and making it more applicable for design. Overall, this work seeks to provide an educational tool and aid in the development of the automotive engineers of tomorrow.
Master of Science
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Amoussougbo, Thibaut. "Combined Design and Control Optimization of Autonomous Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powertrains." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623241895255747.

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De, Pascali Luca. "Modeling, Optimization and Control of Hybrid Powertrains." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242873.

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To cope with the increasing demand of a more sustainable mobility, the main Original Equipment Manufacturers are producing vehicles equipped with hybrid propulsion systems that increase the overall vehicle efficiency and mitigate the emission problem at a local level. The newly gained degrees of freedom of the hybrid powertrain need to be handled by advanced energy management techniques that allow to fully exploit the system capabilities. In this thesis we propose an optimal control approach to the solution of the energy management problem, putting emphasis on the importance of accurate models for the reliability of the optimization solution. In the first part of the thesis we address the energy management problem for a hybrid electric vehicle, including the mitigation of the battery aging mechanisms. We show that, with an optimal management strategy, we could extend the battery life up to 25% for some driving cycles while keeping the fuel savings performance substantially unaltered. In the second part of the thesis we focus on the hydrostatic hybrid transmission, a different hybridization solution that is able to fulfill the high power demand of heavy duty off-highway vehicles. Also in this case, we formulate the energy management problem as an optimal control problem, dealing with the complexity introduced by the discrete valve actuations in the framework of mixed-integer optimal control. We show that, using hydraulic accumulators to recover energy from the regenerative braking, we could reduce fuel consumption up to 13% for a typical driving cycle. In the third and last part of the thesis we show how the optimization approach can be used to systematically design and calibrate control algorithms, casting the calibration problem into a Linear Matrix Inequality. We first develop a non-overshooting closed-loop control for the actuation pressure of a wet clutch, proving the effectiveness of the control on an experimental setup. Finally, we focus on the design of a dead-zone based kinematic observer for the estimation of the lateral velocity of a road vehicle. The structure of the observer presents good noise rejection performance, allowing for the selection of a higher observer gain that improves the estimation accuracy.
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Serrao, Lorenzo. "A comparative analysis of energy management strategies for hybrid electric vehicles." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243934217.

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Books on the topic "Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains"

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Jurgen, Ronald K., ed. Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles - Engines and Powertrains. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/pt-143/3.

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Hu, Haoran. Advanced hybrid powertrains for commercial vehicles. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2012.

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Unwinding electric motors: Strategic perspectives and insights for automotive powertrain applications. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 2014.

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Baseley, Simon, Haoran Hu, and Rudolf M. Smaling. Advanced Hybrid Powertrains for Commercial Vehicles. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/r-396.

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Mi, Chris, M. Abul Masrur, and David Wenzhong Gao. Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119998914.

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Onori, Simona, Lorenzo Serrao, and Giorgio Rizzoni. Hybrid Electric Vehicles. London: Springer London, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6781-5.

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Mi, Chris, and M. Abul Masrur. Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118970553.

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Abul, Masrur, and Gao David, eds. Hybrid electric vehicles. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley, 2011.

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Electric and hybrid-electric vehicles. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2011.

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Jurgen, Ronald K., ed. Electric and Hybrid-Electric Vehicles. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/pt-85.

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Book chapters on the topic "Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains"

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Varga, Bogdan Ovidiu, Florin Mariasiu, Dan Moldovanu, and Calin Iclodean. "Virtual Powertrain Design." In Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, 203–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18639-9_3.

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Varga, Bogdan Ovidiu, Florin Mariasiu, Dan Moldovanu, and Calin Iclodean. "Loop Powertrain Simulation." In Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, 477–524. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18639-9_8.

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Varga, Bogdan Ovidiu, Florin Mariasiu, Dan Moldovanu, and Calin Iclodean. "Electric Powertrain Configuration Model and Simulation." In Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, 387–462. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18639-9_6.

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Rizzoni, Giorgio. "Powertrain Control for Hybrid-Electric and Electric Vehicles." In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control, 1090–99. London: Springer London, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5058-9_75.

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Rizzoni, Giorgio. "Powertrain Control for Hybrid-Electric and Electric Vehicles." In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control, 1–10. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5102-9_75-1.

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Rizzoni, Giorgio. "Powertrain Control for Hybrid-Electric and Electric Vehicles." In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control, 1761–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44184-5_75.

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Varga, Bogdan Ovidiu, Florin Mariasiu, Dan Moldovanu, and Calin Iclodean. "Hybrid Powertrain Configuration Model and Simulation." In Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, 289–385. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18639-9_5.

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Varga, Bogdan Ovidiu, Florin Mariasiu, Dan Moldovanu, and Calin Iclodean. "Classical Powertrain Configuration Model and Simulation." In Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles, 223–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18639-9_4.

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Gong, Chao. "Hybrid DC-Bus Capacitor Discharge Strategy for EV Powertrains with Highly Extreme Parameters." In Crash Safety of High-Voltage Powertrain Based Electric Vehicles, 47–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88979-1_4.

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Taghavipour, Amir, Mahyar Vajedi, and Nasser L. Azad. "High-Fidelity Modeling of a Plug-in Hybrid Electric Powertrain." In Intelligent Control of Connected Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles, 21–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00314-2_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains"

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Serrao, Lorenzo, Christopher J. Hubert, and Giorgio Rizzoni. "Dynamic Modeling of Heavy-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-41923.

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The paper presents a dynamic model of a hybrid electric powertrain for a heavy-duty vehicle. The model involves all powertrain components and considers purely longitudinal vehicle dynamics; time constants of 0.05 – 5 seconds are taken into account, thus neglecting high frequency phenomena (NVH, engine cylinder-to-cylinder motion). Integration with handling dynamics models, characterized by the same frequency range, is possible but not discussed here. The simulator is an accurate virtual test bench for energy management strategies applied to hybrid electric powertrains, capable of predicting both fuel consumption and dynamic performance. The accuracy in both metrics is demonstrated by comparison with experimental data collected on a conventional heavy-duty refuse truck and a prototype of a series hybrid electric version of the same vehicle.
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Narita, Keiichi, and Daisuke Takekawa. "Lubricants Technology Applied to Transmissions in Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Electric Vehicles." In 2019 JSAE/SAE Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-2338.

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Bayrak, Alparslan Emrah, Namwoo Kang, and Panos Y. Papalambros. "Decomposition-Based Design Optimization of Hybrid Electric Powertrain Architectures: Simultaneous Configuration and Sizing Design." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46861.

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Effective electrification of automotive vehicles requires designing the powertrain’s configuration along with sizing its components for a particular vehicle type. Employing planetary gear systems in hybrid electric vehicle powertrain architectures allows various architecture alternatives to be explored, including single-mode architectures that are based on a fixed configuration and multi-mode architectures that allow switching power flow configuration during vehicle operation. Previous studies have addressed the configuration and sizing problems separately. However, the two problems are coupled and must be optimized together to achieve system optimality. An all-in-one system solution approach to the combined problem is not viable due to the high complexity of the resulting optimization problem. In this paper we propose a partitioning and coordination strategy based on Analytical Target Cascading for simultaneous design of powertrain configuration and sizing for given vehicle applications. The capability of the proposed design framework is demonstrated by designing powertrains with one and two planetary gears for a mid-size passenger vehicle.
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Feola, Massimo, Fabrizio Martini, and Stefano Ubertini. "Evaluating the Performances of Advanced Powertrains." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58081.

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Over the last few decades a tremendous effort has been made to reduce road vehicles engines contribution to air pollution and fuel consumption. Due to the more stringent limits imposed by governments, various manufactures started working in the incorporation of alternative powertrain configurations, such as pure electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and fuel cell vehicles (FCV), in the automotive consumer market. In order to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of these new vehicles over conventional vehicles a comparison must be performed in terms of efficiency and pollutant emissions. However, hybrid vehicles comprise many components with at least two different energy conversion devices (i.e. internal combustion engine and electric machine) drawing energy from at least two different energy storage devices (i.e. fuel tank and battery). In recent times, many hybrid propulsion system configurations have emerged and many others can be imagined comprising multiple reversible and irreversible energy paths. Therefore, considering that in a hybrid vehicle at least two different forms of energy (i.e. fuel chemical energy and electricity) are consumed, fuel consumption alone is no more sufficient to give a measure of the effectiveness of a hybrid propulsion system. This paper presents a first attempt to give a general mathematical form of the traction energy, the global efficiency and the specific fuel consumption of a hybrid electric vehicle that recovers as particular cases the thermal vehicle and the series hybrid electric vehicle. To evaluate the efficiency of the generic propulsion system the complete process from fuel energy and electricity to power available at the wheels is considered. The introduced concept of equivalent fuel consumption can be the basis for the comparison between road vehicles whatever the powertrain is pure thermal or hybrid. In order to get a better understanding of the mathematical analysis and its potential effectiveness some numerical simulations of hybrid vehicles virtual prototypes are performed through a suitable simulation model. The aim of the present analysis is to provide an instrument that allow a quick evaluation of the performances of hybrid electric vehicles.
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Khayyer, Pardis, and Parviz Famouri. "Application of Two Fuel Cells in Hybrid Electric Vehicles." In Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2418.

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Katrašnik, Tomaž. "Energy Conversion Efficiency of Hybrid Electric Heavy-duty Vehicles." In Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-1867.

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Geng, Stefan, Tobias Zubke, and Thomas Schulte. "Model-based development of transmission concepts for hybrid electric powertrains." In 2017 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2017.7995944.

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Baul, Pramit, Courtney Tamaro, Hrusheekesh Warpe, William Baumann, and Douglas Nelson. "EcoRouting for Performance Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles." In SAE 2016 International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2219.

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Walker, Paul D., and Holger M. Roser. "Configuration Design and Energy Balancing of Compact-Hybrid Powertrains." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20341.

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The development of compact and efficient hybrid electric vehicle powertrains for low initial and on-going costs requires consideration of numerous, often competing factors. Appropriately designing and sizing these powertrains requires the consideration of requirements for vehicle range and performance, considered directly through the sizing of motors and engines, and indirectly through minimization of vehicle mass whilst being constrained by total stored energy in the vehicle, against the impact on vehicle emissions and on purchase and ongoing operational costs. In addition to these considerations the actual driver use will strongly influence the energy consumed and vehicle emissions. It therefore becomes beneficial to provide flexibility in hybrid vehicle configuration design to enable the minimization of vehicle emissions and ongoing vehicle costs. The purpose of this paper is to study the various alternative vehicle powertrain configurations for application to small scale hybridization demands, such as scooters or motorcycles. Powertrain configurations studied in this paper include plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), battery hybrid electric (BHEV), and a pure electric vehicle (PEV). To design and size each of the configurations a statistical approach is taken, power and load demands are studied and utilized to size powertrain components. Results are extended to size vehicle energy storage for electric only range of 25, 50 and 100 km, and total vehicle range of 100 km for the BHEV and 200 km for the PHEV. Based on the results developed from the analysis mathematical models of each of the powertrain configurations are then developed in Matlab/Simulink and numerical studies of vehicle energy consumption in comparison to range are conducted. Outcomes of these simulations are compared to an operating cost based analysis of the suggested powertrains; the benefits and limitations of each design are considered in detail.
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Carroll, Joshua Kurtis, Mohammad Alzorgan, Corey Page, and Abdel Raouf Mayyas. "Active Battery Thermal Management within Electric and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles." In SAE 2016 International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2221.

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Reports on the topic "Hybrid and electric vehicles and powertrains"

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Author, Not Given. Electric and hybrid vehicles program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5890056.

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Author, Not Given. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5909069.

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Stricklett, K. L., and K. L. Stricklett. Advanced components for electric and hybrid electric vehicles. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.860.

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Bennion, K., and M. Thornton. Fuel Savings from Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/950138.

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McKeever, JW. Boost Converters for Gas Electric and Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886011.

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Jeffrey R. Belt. Battery Test Manual For Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1010675.

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Jeffrey R. Belt. Battery Test Manual For Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991910.

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Kelly, K. J., and A. Rajagopalan. Benchmarking of OEM Hybrid Electric Vehicles at NREL: Milestone Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/788783.

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Walker, Lee Kenneth. Battery Test Manual For 48 Volt Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1389182.

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Hadley, Stanton W. Impact of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles on the Electric Grid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974613.

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