Journal articles: 'Hurricane strikes'

1

Bertinelli, Luisito, and Eric Strobl. "Quantifying the Local Economic Growth Impact of Hurricane Strikes: An Analysis from Outer Space for the Caribbean." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 8 (August 2013): 1688–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0258.1.

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AbstractStudies of the impact of hurricanes on economic activity typically are restricted to a very aggregate level of analysis because of the lack of spatially disaggregated data. In this paper nightlight satellite imagery is employed as a measure of local economic activity in conjunction with a local proxy for potential hurricane destruction generated from a wind field model to statistically assess the impact of hurricane strikes on local economic growth. The regression results suggest that on average hurricane strikes reduce income growth by around 1.5% at the local level, with no effect beyond the year of the strike. This estimated impact from localized data is more than 2 times that implied by aggregate analyses.

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Mohan, Preeya, and Eric Strobl. "The Economic Impact of Hurricanes in History: Evidence from Sugar Exports in the Caribbean from 1700 to 1960." Weather, Climate, and Society 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-12-00029.1.

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Abstract This study estimates the economic impact of hurricane strikes in the Caribbean from 1700 to 1960. More precisely, historical accounts of hurricane strikes and actual historical hurricane tracks, in conjunction with sugar export data taken from the colonial blue books and other historical sources, were used to create a cross-colony/country and time dataset that allows for the first time the ability to evaluate the susceptibility of local sugar production to hurricanes. The regression results show that these events had generally large statistically and economically significant impacts.

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Aretz, Kevin, Shantanu Banerjee, and Oksana Pryshchepa. "In the Path of the Storm: Does Distress Risk Cause Industrial Firms to Risk-Shift?*." Review of Finance 23, no. 6 (August 21, 2018): 1115–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfy028.

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Abstract We study whether industrial firms risk-shift in response to distress risk increases induced through hurricane strikes. Using new proxies capturing deliberate managerial decisions about the risk of a firm’s operating segment portfolio, differences tests suggest that hurricane strikes prompt moderately, but not highly, distressed firms to skew their asset mixes toward riskier segments by shutting down low-risk, high-average-Q segments. In turn, the moderately distressed firms observe abnormally high failure rates after a hurricane strike. Employing covenant violation data, we offer further evidence that creditor control prevents highly distressed firms from raising their risk. Our conclusions extend those of other studies by suggesting that moderate distress risk levels can lead the managers of industrial firms to not only engage in risk-taking, but, in fact, in risk-shifting.

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Liu, Kam-biu, Houyuan Lu, and Caiming Shen. "A 1200-year proxy record of hurricanes and fires from the Gulf of Mexico coast: Testing the hypothesis of hurricane–fire interactions." Quaternary Research 69, no. 1 (January 2008): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2007.10.011.

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We present here the first high-resolution pollen record of vegetation response to interactions of hurricane and fire disturbances over the past 1200 yr from a small lake in Alabama on the Gulf of Mexico coast. The paleo tempestological record inferred from the over wash sand layers suggests that the Alabama coast was directly struck by Saffir–Simpson category 4 or 5 hurricanes twice during the last 1200 yr, around 1170 and 860 cal yr BP, suggesting an annual landfall probability of 0.17% for these intense hurricanes. The charcoal data suggest that intense fires occurred after each of these hurricanes. The pollen data suggest that populations of halophytic plants (Chenopodiaceae) and heliophytic shrubs (Myrica) expanded after the hurricane strikes, probably due to saltwater intrusion into the marshes and soil salinization caused by over wash processes. Populations of pines (Pinussp.) decreased significantly after each intense hurricane and the ensuing intense fire, suggesting that repeated hurricane–fire interactions resulted in high tree mortality and probably impeded recruitment and recovery. Our data support the hypothesis that the likelihood and intensity of fire increased significantly after a major hurricane, producing responses by vegetation that are more complex and unpredictable than if the disturbance agents were acting singly and independently.

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WENDLING, PATRICE. "Vibrio Illness Strikes After Hurricane Katrina." Pediatric News 39, no. 11 (November 2005): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-398x(05)70708-6.

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Beven II, John L., and Eric S. Blake. "Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2010*." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 9 (August 31, 2015): 3329–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00264.1.

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Abstract The 2010 Atlantic hurricane season was marked by above-average tropical cyclone activity with the formation of 19 tropical storms. A total of 12 of the storms became hurricanes and 5 became major hurricanes (category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale). In addition, there were two tropical depressions that did not reach storm strength. These totals were well above the long-term averages of 11 named storms, 6 hurricanes, and 2 major hurricanes. The areas most affected by the 2010 storms were eastern Mexico, Central America, and the island nations of the western Caribbean Sea, where multiple strikes occurred. In addition, two hurricanes struck eastern Canada. Despite the high level of activity, no hurricanes made landfall in the United States in 2010. The death toll from the 2010 Atlantic tropical cyclones was 189. A verification of National Hurricane Center official forecasts during 2010 is also presented. The 2010 mean track errors were slightly larger than the previous 5-yr average at 12 and 24 h and much smaller at the other forecast times, even though the 2010 track forecasts were more difficult than normal. The 2010 mean intensity forecast errors were larger than the previous 5-yr average at 12–48 h, smaller at the longer forecast times, and had a high bias at all forecast times. As with the track forecasts, the 2010 intensity forecasts were more difficult than normal at all forecast times.

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Spencer, Nekeisha, and Mikhail-Ann Urquhart. "Hurricane Strikes and Migration: Evidence from Storms in Central America and the Caribbean." Weather, Climate, and Society 10, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 569–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0057.1.

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Abstract This study estimates the impact of hurricanes on migration from 30 Central American and Caribbean countries to the United States from 1989 to 2005. In contrast to previous studies, hurricane destruction indices are employed to study the relationship of hurricanes and migration. These indices measure geographical destruction, which gives a more comprehensive and accurate view of the damage and impact that hurricanes have on the movement of people to international destinations. Controlling for the host country’s migrant stock and the home country’s income, country fixed-effects estimation shows that hurricanes have a positive impact on the ratio of the number of migrants to the home country’s population. On average, hurricanes increase migration by roughly 6%, but the impact is greater for more damaging storms. Estimating the geographical effects reveals that the size of this impact varies across countries. The most damaging storms are related to an increase up to 540% in the ratio of migrants to the home country’s population.

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8

Martinez, Andrew B. "Forecast Accuracy Matters for Hurricane Damage." Econometrics 8, no. 2 (May 14, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/econometrics8020018.

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I analyze damage from hurricane strikes on the United States since 1955. Using machine learning methods to select the most important drivers for damage, I show that large errors in a hurricane’s predicted landfall location result in higher damage. This relationship holds across a wide range of model specifications and when controlling for ex-ante uncertainty and potential endogeneity. Using a counterfactual exercise I find that the cumulative reduction in damage from forecast improvements since 1970 is about $82 billion, which exceeds the U.S. government’s spending on the forecasts and private willingness to pay for them.

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9

Yao, Qiang, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa Cohen, Kam-biu Liu, Adriana Vivan de Souza, and Erika Rodrigues. "Nature versus Humans in Coastal Environmental Change: Assessing the Impacts of Hurricanes Zeta and Ida in the Context of Beach Nourishment Projects in the Mississippi River Delta." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 2598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112598.

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Hurricanes are one of the most devastating earth surface processes. In 2020 and 2021, Hurricanes Zeta and Ida pounded the Mississippi River Delta in two consecutive years, devastated South Louisiana, and raised tremendous concerns for scientists and stakeholders around the world. This study presents a high-resolution spatial-temporal analysis incorporating planialtimetric data acquired via LIDAR, drone, and satellite to investigate the shoreline dynamics near Port Fourchon, Louisiana, the eye of Ida at landfall, before and after the beach nourishment project and recent hurricane landfalls. The remote sensing analysis shows that the volume of the ~2 km studied beachfront was reduced by 240,858 m3 after consecutive landfalls of Hurricanes Zeta and Ida in 2020 and 2021, while 82,915 m3 of overwash fans were transported to the backbarrier areas. Overall, the studied beach front lost almost 40% of its volume in 2019, while the average dune crest height was reduced by over 1 m and the shoreline retreated ~60 m after the two hurricane strikes. Our spatial-temporal dataset suggests that the Louisiana Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority’s (CPRA’s) beach nourishment effort successfully stabilized the beach barrier at Port Fourchon during the hurricane-quiescent years but was not adequate to protect the shoreline at the Mississippi River Delta from intense hurricane landfalls. Our study supports the conclusion that, in the absence of further human intervention, Bay Champagne will likely disappear completely into the Gulf of Mexico within the next 40 years.

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Berke, Philip R., Timothy Beatley, and Clarence Feagin. "Hurricane Gilbert strikes Jamaica: Linking disaster recovery to development." Coastal Management 21, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920759309362189.

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11

Donnelly, Jeffrey P., Stuart Roll, Micah Wengren, Jessica Butler, Richard Lederer, and Thompson Webb. "Sedimentary evidence of intense hurricane strikes from New Jersey." Geology 29, no. 7 (2001): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0615:seoihs>2.0.co;2.

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12

Ouattara, Bazoumana, and Eric Strobl. "The fiscal implications of hurricane strikes in the Caribbean." Ecological Economics 85 (January 2013): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.10.002.

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13

Ouattara, B., and E. Strobl. "Hurricane strikes and local migration in US coastal counties." Economics Letters 124, no. 1 (July 2014): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2014.03.025.

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14

Keim, Barry D., Robert A. Muller, and Gregory W. Stone. "Spatiotemporal Patterns and Return Periods of Tropical Storm and Hurricane Strikes from Texas to Maine." Journal of Climate 20, no. 14 (July 15, 2007): 3498–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli4187.1.

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Abstract The authors analyze 105 yr (1901–2005) of tropical cyclone strikes at 45 coastal locations from Brownsville, Texas, to Eastport, Maine, with the primary objective of examining spatiotemporal patterns of storm activity. Interpretation of the data suggests that geographically, three focal points for activity are evident: south Florida, the Outer Banks of North Carolina, and the north-central Gulf Coast. Temporally, clusters of hyperactivity are evident in south Florida from the 1920s through the 1950s and then again during the most recent years. North Carolina was a region of enhanced activity in the 1950s and again in the 1990s. A more consistent rate of occurrence was found along the north-central Gulf Coast; the last two years, however, were active in this region. Return periods of tropical storm strength systems or greater range from a frequency of once every 2 yr along the Outer Banks of North Carolina, every three years on average in southeast Texas, southeastern Louisiana, and southern Florida, and about once every 10–15 yr in northern New England. Hurricane return periods range from 5 yr in southern Florida to 105+ years at several sheltered portions of the coastline (e.g., near Cedar Key, Florida, Georgia, and the northeastern seaboard), where some locations experienced only one strike, or no strikes through the entire period of record. Severe hurricane (category 3–5) return periods range from once every 15 yr in South Florida to 105+ in New England.

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15

Hippensteel, Scott P., and William J. Garcia. "Micropaleontological Evidence of Prehistoric Hurricane Strikes from Southeastern North Carolina." Journal of Coastal Research 298 (November 3, 2014): 1157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/jcoastres-d-12-00180.1.

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16

Dessaint, Olivier, and Adrien Matray. "Do managers overreact to salient risks? Evidence from hurricane strikes." Journal of Financial Economics 126, no. 1 (October 2017): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2017.07.002.

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17

Stevenson, Stephanie N., Kristen L. Corbosiero, and John Molinari. "The Convective Evolution and Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Earl (2010)." Monthly Weather Review 142, no. 11 (October 24, 2014): 4364–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00078.1.

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Abstract The relationship between an inner-core (r < 100 km) lightning outbreak and the subsequent rapid intensification (RI) of Hurricane Earl (2010) is examined using lightning strikes recorded by the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) and in situ observations from various aircraft missions. Moderate (8.4 m s−1) northeasterly deep-layer (850–200 hPa) vertical wind shear, caused by outflow from Hurricane Danielle, existed over Earl at the beginning of a prolonged period of RI. Over 70% of the lightning strikes within a 500-km radius occurred downshear, with a preference toward downshear right in the outer rainbands, in agreement with previous studies. The location of inner-core strikes in Earl differed markedly from previous studies. The inner-core lightning activity precessed from left of shear to upshear, an extremely rare event, beginning just prior to the onset of RI. Diagnosis of the vortex tilt midway through the lightning precession showed this convection was occurring downtilt in the upshear-left quadrant; however, limited observations could not confirm if the vortex tilt was precessing with the lightning. Elevated values of low-level relative humidity and CAPE were also found upshear and supported the inner-core convection, which was found to occur within the radius of maximum wind (RMW). Previous studies have shown that convection located inside the RMW promotes intensification. It is hypothesized that intensification may have occurred in part because the vertical wind shear acted to reduce the upshear tilt, and the occurrence of convection inside the RMW helped to enhance the warm core.

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18

Devaraj, Jayanthi, Sumathi Ganesan, Rajvikram Elavarasan, and Umashankar Subramaniam. "A Novel Deep Learning Based Model for Tropical Intensity Estimation and Post-Disaster Management of Hurricanes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 4129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094129.

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The prediction of severe weather events such as hurricanes is always a challenging task in the history of climate research, and many deep learning models have been developed for predicting the severity of weather events. When a disastrous hurricane strikes a coastal region, it causes serious hazards to human life and habitats and also reflects a prodigious amount of economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to build models to improve the prediction accuracy and to avoid such significant losses in all aspects. However, it is impractical to predict or monitor every storm formation in real time. Though various techniques exist for diagnosing the tropical cyclone intensity such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), convolutional auto-encoders, recurrent neural network (RNN), etc., there are some challenges involved in estimating the tropical cyclone intensity. This study emphasizes estimating the tropical cyclone intensity to identify the different categories of hurricanes and to perform post-disaster management. An improved deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model is used for predicting the weakest to strongest hurricanes with the intensity values using infrared satellite imagery data and wind speed data from HURDAT2 database. The model achieves a lower Root mean squared error (RMSE) value of 7.6 knots and a Mean squared error (MSE) value of 6.68 knots by adding the batch normalization and dropout layers in the CNN model. Further, it is crucial to predict and evaluate the post-disaster damage for implementing advance measures and planning for the resources. The fine-tuning of the pre-trained visual geometry group (VGG 19) model is accomplished to predict the extent of damage and to perform automatic annotation for the image using the satellite imagery data of Greater Houston. VGG 19 is also trained using video datasets for classifying various types of severe weather events and to annotate the weather event automatically. An accuracy of 98% is achieved for hurricane damage prediction and 97% accuracy for classifying severe weather events. The results proved that the proposed models for hurricane intensity estimation and its damage prediction enhances the learning ability, which can ultimately help scientists and meteorologists to comprehend the formation of storm events. Finally, the mitigation steps in reducing the hurricane risks are addressed.

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McCloskey, Terrence Allen, and Kam-biu Liu. "A sedimentary-based history of hurricane strikes on the southern Caribbean coast of Nicaragua." Quaternary Research 78, no. 3 (August 24, 2012): 454–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.07.003.

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AbstractMulti-millennial hurricane landfall records from the western North Atlantic indicate that landfall frequency has varied dramatically over time, punctuated by multi-centennial to millennial scale periods of hyperactivity. We extend the record geographically by presenting a paleostrike record inferred from a four-core transect from a marsh on the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua. Fossil pollen indicates that the site was a highly organic wetland from ~ 5400–4900 cal yr BP, at which time it became a shallow marine lagoon until ~ 2800 cal yr BP when it transitioned back into swamp/marsh, freshening over time, with the present fresh-to-brackish Typha marsh developing over the very recent past. Hurricane Joan, 1988, is recorded as a distinctive light-colored sand–silt–clay layer across the top of the transect, identifiable by abrupt shifts in color from the dark marsh deposits, increased grain size, and two upward-fining sequences, which are interpreted as representing the storm's traction and suspension loads. The six layers identified as hurricane-generated display temporal clustering, featuring a marked increase in landfall frequency ~ 800 cal yr BP. This pattern is anti-phase with the activity pattern previously identified from the northern Caribbean and the Atlantic coast of North America, thereby opposing the view that hyperactivity occurs simultaneously across the entire basin.

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Aharon, Paul, and W. Joe Lambert. "Radiocarbon deficiencies of US Gulf Coast lakes compromise paleo-hurricane records." Quaternary Research 71, no. 3 (May 2009): 266–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.01.004.

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AbstractRadiocarbon assays of sediments from Lake Shelby, US Gulf Coast, exhibit substantial 14C deficiencies of 9.3% and 4.7% for the limnic sapropel and associated fresh-water clams Rangia cuneata, respectively. Measured radiocarbon dates from the sapropel and clams require corrections of 785 ± 80 and 365 ± 90 14C yr (1σ), respectively, in order to achieve consistency with the radiocarbon time scale. Lake sediments of the US Gulf Coast serve as unique repositories of pre-historic hurricane strikes. Previously unrecognized radiocarbon deficiencies likely render compromised chronologies of the paleo-hurricane records, and erroneous estimates of return period and landfall probability that are derived from the storm chronologies. The recalculated severe hurricane chronologies suggest that the annual landfall probabilities of the last millennium on the US Gulf Coast are equal to, or higher than, the preceding three millennia.

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Granvorka, Charley, and Eric Strobl. "The Impact of Hurricane Strikes on Tourist Arrivals in the Caribbean." Tourism Economics 19, no. 6 (December 2013): 1401–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/te.2013.0238.

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22

Scileppi, Elyse, and Jeffrey P. Donnelly. "Sedimentary evidence of hurricane strikes in western Long Island, New York." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 8, no. 6 (June 2007): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006gc001463.

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23

Strobl, Eric. "Impact of Hurricane Strikes on Local Cropland Productivity: Evidence from the Caribbean." Natural Hazards Review 13, no. 2 (May 2012): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000041.

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McCloskey, T. A., and G. Keller. "5000 year sedimentary record of hurricane strikes on the central coast of Belize." Quaternary International 195, no. 1-2 (February 2009): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.003.

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Glynn, P. W., D. Lirman, A. C. Baker, and G. E. Leyte Morales. "First documented hurricane strikes on eastern Pacific coral reefs reveal only slight damage." Coral Reefs 17, no. 4 (December 10, 1998): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050140.

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Heid, Allison R., Zachary Christman, Rachel Pruchno, Francine P. Cartwright, and Maureen Wilson-Genderson. "Vulnerable, But Why? Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Older Adults Exposed to Hurricane Sandy." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 3 (March 28, 2016): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.15.

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AbstractObjectiveDrawing on pre-disaster, peri-disaster, and post-disaster data, this study examined factors associated with the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in older adults exposed to Hurricane Sandy.MethodsWe used a sample of older participants matched by gender, exposure, and geographic region (N=88, mean age=59.83 years) in which one group reported clinically significant levels of PTSD symptoms and the other did not. We conducted t-tests, chi-square tests, and exact logistic regressions to examine differences in pre-disaster characteristics and peri-disaster experiences.ResultsOlder adults who experienced PTSD symptoms reported lower levels of income, positive affect, subjective health, and social support and were less likely to be working 4 to 6 years before Hurricane Sandy than were people not experiencing PTSD symptoms. Those developing PTSD symptoms reported more depressive symptoms, negative affect, functional disability, chronic health conditions, and pain before Sandy and greater distress and feelings of danger during Hurricane Sandy. Exact logistic regression revealed independent effects of preexisting chronic health conditions and feelings of distress during Hurricane Sandy in predicting PTSD group status.ConclusionsOur findings indicated that because vulnerable adults can be identified before disaster strikes, the opportunity to mitigate disaster-related PTSD exists through identification and resource programs that target population subgroups. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:362–370)

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Cerulli, David A., and Jack B. Holbrook. "EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF NOS/NOT LEARNING AND DISPOSITIONS ON UNDERTAKING BEHAVIOURAL ACTIONS IN THE CASE OF NATURAL HAZARDS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 18, no. 4 (August 3, 2019): 519–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/19.18.519.

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This research seeks to evaluate students’ intended behavioural actions in the event of a natural hazard, specifically hurricane, lightning, earthquake, or tsunami. A test instrument, measuring behavioural actions in the event of a natural hazard, and related NOS/NOT beliefs and dispositions, is utilized to collect data in Estonia, USA and Japan (N=2323). Results suggest that students responded adequately to tsunamis and lightning strikes, but to a lesser extent for hurricanes and earthquakes. Results also suggest a connection between dispositions and behavioural actions, but a lack of connection between generalised. NOS/NOT conceptualisations and behavioural actions. Results imply that students find it difficult to apply their learning to new situations requiring responsible behavioural actions. Implications indicate that NOS/NOT are not well understood, while responsible behavioural actions need to more heavily stressed in teaching about natural hazards involving the promotion of student values and attitudes with respect to Natural Disaster Reduction (NDR). Keywords: behavioural action, Natural Disaster Reduction (NDR), dispositions, Natural Hazards (NH), Nature of Science (NOS), Nature of Technology (NOT).

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Huang, Zhixian, Xiao Huang, Jiangchuan Fan, Markus Eichhorn, Feng An, Bangqian Chen, Lin Cao, Zhengli Zhu, and Ting Yun. "Retrieval of Aerodynamic Parameters in Rubber Tree Forests Based on the Computer Simulation Technique and Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data." Remote Sensing 12, no. 8 (April 22, 2020): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081318.

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Rubber trees along the southeast coast of China always suffer severe damage from hurricanes. Quantitative assessments of the capacity for wind resistance of various rubber tree clones are currently lacking. We focus on a vulnerability assessment of rubber trees of different clones under wind disturbance impacts by employing multidisciplinary approaches incorporating scanned points, aerodynamics, machine learning and computer graphics. Point cloud data from two typical rubber trees belonging to different clones (PR107 and CATAS 7-20-59) were collected using terrestrial laser scanning, and a connection chain of tree skeletons was constructed using a clustering algorithm of machine learning. The concept of foliage clumps based on the trunk and first-order branches was first proposed to optimize rubber tree plot 3D modelling for simulating the wind field and assessing the wind-related parameters. The results from the obtained phenotypic traits show that the variable leaf area index and included angle between the branches and trunk result in variations in the topological structure and gap fraction of tree crowns, respectively, which are the major influencing factors relevant to the rubber tree’s capacity to resist hurricane strikes. The aerodynamics analysis showed that the maximum dynamic pressure, wind velocity and turbulent intensity of the wind-related parameters in rubber tree plots of clone PR107 (300 Pa, 30 m/s and 15%) are larger than that in rubber tree plots of clone CATAS-7-20-59 (120 Pa, 18 m/s and 5%), which results in a higher probability of local strong cyclone occurrence and a higher vulnerability to hurricane damage.

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Herring, Cedric. "HURRICANE KATRINA AND THE RACIAL GULF: A Du Boisian Analysis of Victims' Experiences." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 3, no. 1 (March 2006): 129–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x06060097.

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Americans like to believe that “we are all in the same boat” when disaster strikes. Using a Du Boisian framework, this article provides a multivariate analysis of survey data from victims of Hurricane Katrina to determine whether there were racial differences in their perceptions about rescue and relief efforts. The data collected from survivors show that Blacks and Whites drew very different lessons from the tragedy. There was widespread agreement among Black survivors that the government's response to the crisis would have been faster if most of the storm's victims had been White. Whites, in contrast, were more likely to feel that the race of the victims did not make a difference in the government's response. Less than half of White victims, but more than three-quarters of Black victims, held that Hurricane Katrina pointed out persisting problems of racial inequality. There were, however, few racial differences in perceptions about the role of income in the aftermath of Katrina. Most Blacks and Whites agreed with the idea that low-income and middle-income victims of the hurricane received similar treatment. But when asked a similar question about the role of race, racial differences reemerged. Also, rather than this being a difference of opinion only between poor Blacks and middle-class Whites, these results suggest that there were also differences between the lowest-income Blacks and middle-income Blacks and perhaps an even larger difference between middle-income Blacks and middle-income Whites in terms of how they viewed the government's response. Income and other sociodemographic differences did not explain racial differences in perceptions about the role of race in the aftermath of the hurricane. The article concludes that the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina exposed the wide gulf between the nation's haves and have-nots as well as the nation's persistent racial divide.

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Williams, Harry F. L. "600-year sedimentary archive of hurricane strikes in a prograding beach ridge plain, southwestern Louisiana." Marine Geology 336 (February 2013): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2012.12.005.

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Pompe, Jeffrey J., and James R. Rinehart. "Mitigating damage costs from hurricane strikes along the southeastern U.S. Coast: A role for insurance markets." Ocean & Coastal Management 51, no. 12 (December 2008): 782–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.09.001.

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Brei, Michael, Preeya Mohan, and Eric Strobl. "The impact of natural disasters on the banking sector: Evidence from hurricane strikes in the Caribbean." Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 72 (May 2019): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2018.12.004.

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Goman, Michelle, Arthur Joyce, and Raymond Mueller. "Stratigraphic evidence for anthropogenically induced coastal environmental change from Oaxaca, Mexico." Quaternary Research 63, no. 3 (May 2005): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2005.02.008.

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Previous interdisciplinary paleoenvironmental and archaeological research along the Río Verde Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico, showed that Holocene erosion in the highland valleys of the upper drainage basin triggered geomorphic changes in the river's coastal floodplain. This article uses stratigraphic data from sediment cores extracted from Laguna Pastoría, an estuary in the lower Río Verde Valley, to examine changes in coastal geomorphology potentially triggered by highland erosion. Coastal lagoon sediments contain a stratigraphically and chronologically distinct record of major hurricane strikes during late Holocene times. Three distinct storm facies are identified from sediment cores obtained from Laguna Pastoría, which indicate that profound coastal environmental changes occurred within the region and are correlated with increased sediment supplied from highland erosion. The Chione/Laevicardium facies was deposited in an open bay while the Mytella/barnacle facies and sand facies were deposited in an enclosed lagoon following bay barrier formation. We argue that highland erosion triggered major geomorphic changes in the lowlands including bay barrier formation by ∼2500 cal yr B.P. These environmental changes may have had significant effects on human populations in the region. The lagoon stratigraphy further indicates an increase in mid–late Holocene hurricane activity, possibly caused by increased El Niño frequencies.

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Zahran, Sammy, Daniele Tavani, and Stephan Weiler. "Daily Variation in Natural Disaster Casualties: Information Flows, Safety, and Opportunity Costs in Tornado Versus Hurricane Strikes." Risk Analysis 33, no. 7 (November 5, 2012): 1265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01920.x.

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Wallace, Davin J., and John B. Anderson. "Evidence of similar probablility of intense hurricane strikes for the Gulf of Mexico over the late Holocene." Geology 38, no. 6 (June 2010): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g30729.1.

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Kapucu, Naim, Evan M. Berman, and Xiao Hu Wang. "Emergency Information Management and Public Disaster Preparedness: Lessons from the 2004 Florida Hurricane Season." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 26, no. 3 (November 2008): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072700802600302.

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A key task of emergency management is to ensure that the public is adequately prepared for impending disasters in order to minimize loss to life and property. The consecutive strikes of four major hurricanes during a six-week period in Florida in 2004 provide a unique opportunity to study how governments manage and deliver emergency information for this purpose. Based on a comprehensive survey of Florida county emergency managers (91.7 per cent response rate), this study finds that 1) 23.4 per cent of respondents perceive that residents in their jurisdictions were well-prepared, 50.0 per cent state that residents were somewhat prepared, and 26.6 per cent state that residents were not well prepared, and 2) counties that use GIS systems, obtain and disseminate location specific information, provide targeted information for different population groups, maintain a website about impending disasters, and provide press conferences with three hours intervals or less report higher levels of perceived public disaster preparedness. This article concludes with lessons and recommendations for further improving public disaster preparedness.

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Ishizawa, Oscar A., Juan José Miranda, and Eric Strobl. "The Impact of Hurricane Strikes on Short-Term Local Economic Activity: Evidence from Nightlight Images in the Dominican Republic." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 10, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-019-00226-0.

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Ouattara, Bazoumana, Eric Strobl, Jan Vermeiren, and Stacia Yearwood. "Fiscal shortage risk and the potential role for tropical storm insurance: evidence from the Caribbean." Environment and Development Economics 23, no. 6 (June 22, 2018): 702–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x18000244.

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AbstractRecently a number of multi-country insurance schemes have been introduced to deal with short-term fiscal liquidity gaps after natural disasters. However, little is known about the actual underlying risk to the fiscal sector just after such events. In this paper, we estimate the risk of fiscal shortages due to tropical storms in the Caribbean. To this end, first we use a panel VAR and estimate that while government expenditure does not respond to damages due to tropical storms, there is a significant contemporaneous effect on fiscal revenue. The results also reveal that different components of expenditure and revenue respond differently to hurricane shocks. Then, employing a parametric bulk extreme value model on estimated losses due to historical events, we show that the fiscal shortage due to storms can potentially be sizeable depending on the rarity of the event, but varies considerably across islands. However, any risk assessment is fraught with considerable uncertainty, particularly for rare but potentially very damaging tropical storm strikes.

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Chen, Chi-Chung, and Bruce McCarl. "Hurricanes and Possible Intensity Increases: Effects on and Reactions from U.S. Agriculture." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 41, no. 1 (April 2009): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800002595.

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Hurricanes have caused substantial damage in parts of the U.S. Damages are increasing, perhaps as part of a natural cycle or perhaps in part related to global warming. This paper examines the economic damages that hurricanes cause to U.S. agriculture, estimates the increased damage from an increase in hurricane frequency/intensity, and examines the way that sectoral reactions reduce damages. The simulation results show that hurricanes and associated adjustments cause widespread damage and redistribute agricultural welfare. We find that crop mix shifts of vulnerable crops from stricken to nonstricken regions significantly mitigate hurricane damages.

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Parisi, Francis, and Robert Lund. "Return Periods of Continental U.S. Hurricanes." Journal of Climate 21, no. 2 (January 15, 2008): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1772.1.

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Abstract This note estimates return periods of Atlantic basin hurricanes striking the continental United States. With Hurricane Katrina fresh on the public’s mind, there is considerable interest in this topic. The return periods are estimated from historical data from the 1900 to 2006 period via extreme value methods and Poisson regression techniques. Despite the recent active 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons, the authors do not find evidence of an increasing trend in hurricane strike frequencies.

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Zapalac, Ryan K., John J. Miller, and Kelsey C. Miller. "A Case When You Can’t Fool Mother Nature: Understanding and Addressing Issues Linked to Organizational Decisions Stemming From a Natural Disaster." Case Studies in Sport Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2018-0037.

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Julie Tyler was recently hired as President of the Sacramento River Cats, a Triple-A affiliate of the San Francisco Giants. With a little over one month on the job, Julie encounters a situation she has never had to deal with when an earthquake strikes her facility. The River Cats are not severely impacted by the earthquake, but a rival organization (the Fresno Grizzlies; Triple-A affiliate of the Houston Astros) experiences some fairly serious damage and injuries. Julie has to decide whether to modify the schedule to meet the needs of the Grizzlies, to appease some of her other stakeholders with varying interests, and/or pursue a competitive advantage for her organization. Julie makes the decision to review a similar situation for guidance on her decision. The situation she decides to employ is a series relocation that the Houston Astros had to make to Tampa, Florida following the devastation created by Hurricane Harvey in August 2017. Her decision has to be made expeditiously as their next series with the Grizzlies takes place in four days.

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Strobl, Eric. "The economic growth impact of natural disasters in developing countries: Evidence from hurricane strikes in the Central American and Caribbean regions." Journal of Development Economics 97, no. 1 (January 2012): 130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2010.12.002.

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McWilliams, Edward L. "669 The Impact of Gulf Coast Hurricanes on Pecans, Ornamental Trees, and Invasive Exotic Species." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 563D—563. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.563d.

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Hurricanes strike the Gulf Coast of the United States every few years. We briefly describe generalized hurricane tracks for the Gulf Coast and vegetation damage using NDVI satellite imagery as well as slides of damaged urban trees in Florida. The impact of recent hurricanes on both pecan defoliation and production and on initial damage and subsequent recovery of various ornamental trees is described. Pecan harvests were greatly reduced by hurricanes that struck late in the season in both Alabama and Texas. Varieties of pecans varied in their susceptibility to various stresses. Pine forests were sometimes devastated by certain hurricanes while live oaks, various shrubs, and important insects often survived the same storms with little damage. Many exotic ornamental plants including Chinese tallow are either adventive or invasive along the Gulf Coast. Species escape from cultivation over a long period of time and exhibit different invasion lag phases. In Texas and Louisiana, hurricane damage to native trees allowed Chinese tallow seedlings and saplings to subsequently dominate some areas as a result of the disturbance. One delayed ecological response to hurricanes and typhoons is an acceleration of ongoing exotic plant invasions.

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Squires, K., and S. Businger. "The Morphology of Eyewall Lightning Outbreaks in Two Category 5 Hurricanes*." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 1706–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2150.1.

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Abstract Data from the Long-Range Lightning Detection Network (LLDN), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite, and reconnaissance aircraft are used to analyze the morphology of lightning outbreaks in the eyewalls of Hurricanes Rita and Katrina, two of the strongest storms in the Atlantic hurricane record. Each hurricane produced eyewall lightning outbreaks during the period of most rapid intensification, during eyewall replacement cycles, and during the time period that encompassed the maximum intensity for each storm. Within the effective range of the aircraft radar, maxima in eyewall strike density were collocated with maxima in radar reflectivity. High lightning strike rates were also consistently associated with TRMM low brightness temperatures and large precipitation ice concentration (PIC) values. The strike density ratio between the eyewall region and the outer rainband region was 6:1 for Hurricane Rita and 1:1 for Hurricane Katrina. This result is in contrast to those of previous remote lightning studies, which found that outer rainbands dominated the lightning distribution. The differences are shown to be at least in part the result of the more limited range of the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) data used in the earlier studies. Finally, implications of the results for the use of LLDN lightning data to remotely examine changes in hurricane intensity and structural evolution are discussed.

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Aznar-Siguan, Gabriela, and David N. Bresch. "CLIMADA v1: a global weather and climate risk assessment platform." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 7 (July 19, 2019): 3085–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3085-2019.

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Abstract. The need for assessing the risk of extreme weather events is ever increasing. In addition to quantification of risk today, the role of aggravating factors such as high population growth and changing climate conditions matters, too. We present the open-source software CLIMADA (CLIMate ADAptation), which integrates hazard, exposure, and vulnerability to compute the necessary metrics to assess risk and to quantify socio-economic impact. The software design is modular and object oriented, offering a simple collaborative framework and a parallelization strategy which allows for scalable computations on clusters. CLIMADA supports multi-hazard calculations and provides an event-based probabilistic approach that is globally consistent for a wide range of resolutions, suitable for whole-country to detailed local studies. This paper uses the platform to estimate and contextualize the damage of hurricane Irma in the Caribbean in 2017. Most of the affected islands are non-sovereign countries and also rely on overseas support in case disaster strikes. The risk assessment performed for this region, based on remotely available data available shortly before or hours after landfall of Irma, proves to be close to reported damage and hence demonstrates a method to provide readily available impact estimates and associated uncertainties in real time.

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Archer, Megan, Katherine Pedersen, Mallory Kennedy, and Nicole A. Errett. "Integrating Health Considerations into Local Level Recovery Planning: An Exploration of Florida’s Recovery and Redevelopment Plans." Journal of Disaster Research 17, no. 7 (December 1, 2022): 1150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p1150.

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Objective: Disasters result in impacts to the health and wellbeing of members of affected communities, as well as damage to healthcare infrastructure. These impacts are not experienced equally, and often disproportionately affect those facing higher health, social and economic risks even before a disaster strikes. Recovery planning provides an opportunity for pre-emptive consideration of how to address pre-existing health vulnerabilities and disparities, as well as insufficient and/or inequitable access to healthcare, with the resources and momentum that often come following a disaster. After the 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons, Florida began requiring coastal jurisdictions to plan for recovery. This study sought to identify if and how Florida jurisdictions have integrated health-sector restoration and revitalization strategies into local disaster recovery planning. Design: Plans were collected and coded using content analysis methods. Setting: Florida, USA. Participants: 16 county-level disaster recovery and post-disaster redevelopment plans. Results: While nearly three-quarters of plans described actions to address both short-term healthcare and behavioral health needs, the majority of recovery plans lacked long-term health-sector recovery activities and approaches to collect and analyze data to guide health-related recovery efforts. Moreover, plans did not explicitly call for evaluating health-sector recovery strategies. Conclusions: Additional resources are necessary to ensure local jurisdictions integrate short- and long-term health-sector strategies into disaster recovery planning.

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Bensassi, Sami, Preeya Mohan, and Eric Strobl. "A Storm in a Teacup? Hurricanes and Sugar Prices in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century." Weather, Climate, and Society 9, no. 4 (September 20, 2017): 753–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-17-0015.1.

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Abstract This paper investigates the impact of hurricanes in the Caribbean on sugar prices in Britain between 1815 and 1841. The authors expect the news of hurricanes arriving at British harbors to drive up sugar prices mainly because the market anticipated that the supply of sugar from the Caribbean colonies would drop dramatically in the near future. The econometric results suggest a significant rise in prices due to hurricanes. Moreover this study finds that the lag between the hurricane strike and its transmission into sugar prices on the London market decreased over the sample period. This latter result might be explained by the technological innovations marking this era, where technological progress in transport reduced the time required for information to cross the Atlantic, making markets more reactive to the news of supply shocks.

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Saravanan, Vimala, M. Ramachandran, and Chandrasekar Raja. "A Study on Aircraft Structure and Application of Static Force." 1 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/jame/1/1/1.

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In particular, the neural network approach to Demister-Schaefer theory has been demonstrated. Different modulus adherents, so that the adhesive pressures are approximately the same part of the vertical stabilizer was selected and reconstructed using the structure design of the hybrid wing body plane during the preliminary design phase. Due to the high number of design variables and various repairs, adhesive bonded fiber-composite joints or reinforcements are a challenging optimization problem, and this sheet directly affects structurally efficient and minimal damage by lightning strikes on aircraft structures. Parent systems rather than standard repairs. In the first part, the phenomenon of lightning curve connection in aircraft was introduced. Certain bonded joints offer more effective repairs than conventional mechanical joints, which are not fully credited with reducing their performance, and have important needs in most countries of the world. This article focuses on introducing integrated structural features and background, including application for civil aviation and flight qualification requirements, and the main purpose of this study is a computer-assisted materials selection tool. - Reinforced alloy. This paper explores the distribution of dynamic load identification given the unknown but limited uncertainties in aircraft configuration. This is the second of two documents on the structure of the Northwest Pacific Hurricane This sheet describes various structures Thin metal sheets are widely used to create different types of space structures due to its flexibility and ability to easily create any type of structure. Resource based to identify damage this article discusses the use of taxonomies.

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Smith,, Thomas J., Michael B. Robblee, Harold R. Wanless, and Thomas W. Doyle. "Mangroves, Hurricanes, and Lightning Strikes." BioScience 44, no. 4 (April 1994): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1312230.

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Ewing, J. T., Wm D. Grimes, Michael Baccigalopi, and Amy McElroy. "RESPONSE STRATEGIES TO A REMOTE INLAND OIL SPILL AND FUEL TRANSFER AFTER A HURRICANE." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-969.

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ABSTRACT Hurricanes present unique and difficult challenges for coastal oil spill responders. Hurricane Rita made landfall on the Texas/Louisiana border in September 2005 and was the first Category 3 hurricane to strike the upper Texas coast in over 20 years. The storm surge mobilized a 54-foot diameter by 30-foot tall steel storage tank reportedly containing 100,000 gallons of marine diesel fuel and deposited the tank over 1.5 miles from its original location. It'S new location was in an estuarine marsh on Texas Point National Wildlife Refuge, part of the USFWS'S Texas Chenier Plain Refuge Complex. The construction of a temporary, flexible polyethylene pipeline over 2 miles in length was deployed to decant the remaining diesel/water mixture. A tracked marsh excavator was used to dismantle the steel tank structure, and airboats transported the entire structure, piece-by-piece to a staging area off the refuge for recycling. Finally, state and federal regulatory agencies coordinated emergency mitigation and restoration of the response impacts under the Corps of Engineers (COE) Nationwide Permit (NWP) 20 before demobilization.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Hurricane strikes'

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