Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hunting and gathering societies'
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Olives, Pons Juana Maria. "Social norms as strategy of regulation of reproduction among hunting-fishing-gathering societies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669474.
Full textThere is an incongruity between the demographic data observed among contemporary hunter-fisher-gatherers (e.g. the existence of different growth rates, the capability of achieving high growing rates, and long-term demographic stability) and that of Pleistocene hunter-fisher-gatherers (e.g. low population density, and a lack of demographic expansion). The low demographic density in the Pleistocene has been explained as a consequence of low technological capability, intrinsic biology, and ecological and climatic catastrophes. In addition to this, the foraging societies have been categorized to follow a natural fertility, in opposition to controlled fertility. For long, it has been neglected that population growth among hunter-fisher-gatherers can also be regulated by controlling the social relations and reproductive relations between men and women, accordingly to the socioeconomic roles they have and, hence, in accordance to a particular socioeconomic behaviour. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to approach to the social and reproductive relations between the men and women in a foraging society in order to identify patterns and interrelations. Methodologically, I take into account ethnohistorical sources, ethnographic studies, modern demographic studies, and medical studies, which I combine into a multi-agent based simulation program that simulates demographic processes. In the simulations, I test the hypothesis presented in this thesis: social norms have an effect on reproduction (natural fertility) and, by extension, on the demographic growth of hunting-fishing-gathering societies. The results obtained in this doctoral thesis support this hypothesis, pointing to three main tendencies: 1) in the simulation in which social norms are excluded, the artificial population experiences a rapid demographic growth (unattested in the archaeological record and ethnographic studies); 2) in the simulations including the less restrictive social norms, the artificial population experiences a slower demographic growth, although it still remains to be unsustainable in the long-term; 3) in the simulations with the most restrictive norms the artificial population is demographically stable. Therefore, it is very plausible that Palaeolithic hunter-fisher-gatherers also developed certain social mechanisms that regulated their demographic growth. The manner in which labour is divided (organized) is at the same time the manner in which the subjective value of the productive contribution of the individuals participating in the production is distributed. The difference in production activities according to sex makes it possible to set an interdependence and at the same time to relativize the value of the product obtained, and by extension, the value assigned to the people producing it. The organization of labour, together with the regulation of reproduction brings together a legitimization of a social inequality based on gender.
Hill, Mark A. "The benefit of the gift exchange and social interaction in the Late Archaic western Great Lakes /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/m_hill_042309.pdf.
Full textRoulette, Casey Jordan. "Cultural models and gender differences in tobacco use among Congo Basin hunter-gatherers." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/C_Roulette_041710.pdf.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on July 8, 2010). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-77).
Norström, Christer. ""They call for us" strategies for securing autonomy among the Paliyans, hunter-gatherers of the Palni Hills, South India /." Stockholm : Dept. of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University : Distributed by Almqvist & Wiskell International, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53098755.html.
Full textMiller, Isabelle Sarton. "Estimation of energy expenditure in children : a simple and non-invasive approach using heart rate and regression modelling /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6455.
Full textHelzer, Margaret Mary. "Paleoethnobotany and household archaeology at the Bergen site : a Middle Holocene occupation in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3035565.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 279-296). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Taiban, Sasala. "The lost lily : state, sociocultural change and the decline of hunting culture in Kaochapogan, Taiwan /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6518.
Full textHenrikson, Lael Suzann. "Ponds, rivers and bison freezers : evaluating a behavioral ecological model of hunter-gatherer mobility on Idaho's Snake River Plain /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072588.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-326). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
Helfrecht, Courtney Elizabeth. "Age and sex differences in aggression among the Aka foragers of the Central African Republic." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/c_helfrecht_042009.pdf.
Full textNagaoka, Lisa Ann. "Resource depression, extinction, and subsistence change in prehistoric southern New Zealand /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6460.
Full textFriesen, Trevor Max. ""Periphery" as centre : long-term patterns of intersocietal interaction on Herschel Island, Northern Yukon Territory." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40125.
Full textThis theoretical perspective is used to develop a model of change in hunter-gatherer world-systems. Particularly important factors in this model are the density and spatio-temporal distribution of subsistence resources, and the availability of "preciosities" (exchanged objects of high value). These factors are hypothesized to affect hunter-gatherer world-systems in terms of three variables: (1) "breadth", the number of interacting regional groups; (2) "depth", the relative importance of the interaction to each regional group; and (3) "internal differentiation", the degree of variability among regional groups within the interacting system. Finally, the model is tested on the archaeological and ethnographic records of the Inuit inhabitants of Herschel Island, northern Yukon Territory, and adjacent regions during the "contact period" of the past 500 years. The test predictions are largely supported by the data, which indicate that the increasing availability of preciosities and the changing distribution of subsistence resources during the contact period caused the indigenous world-system to increase in depth and breadth, and to begin to change in pattern of internal differentiation.
Dallos, Csilla. "Identity and opportunity : asymmetrical household integration among the Lanoh, newly sedentary hunter-gatherers and forest collectors of Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82849.
Full textKopperl, Robert E. "Cultural complexity and resource intensification on Kodiak Island, Alaska /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6403.
Full textKashyap, Arunima. "Use wear and starch grain analysis an integrated approach to understanding the transition from hunting gathering to food production at Bagor, Rajasthan, India /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.
Find full textHudler, Dale Brent. "Modeling paleolandscapes in central Texas /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textSchenck, Marcia C. "Land, water, truth, and love : visions of identity and land access from Bain's Bushmen to Khomani San /." Connect to online version, 2008. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2009/366.pdf.
Full textWylie, Joanna Kate, and n/a. "Negotiating the landscape : a comparative investigation of wayfinding, mapmaking and territoriality in selected hunter-gatherer societies." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.145510.
Full textBrandišauskas, Donatas. "Leaving footprints in the Taiga enacted and emplaced power and luck among the Orochen-Evenki of the Zabaikal Region in East Siberia /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33537.
Full textJerardino, Antonieta Mafalda Susana. "Changing social landscapes of the Western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21821.
Full textThis thesis presents a reinterpretation of the late-Holocene hunter-gatherer archaeology of the Eland's Bay and Lambert's Bay areas of the western Cape. Marked changes in settlement, and subsistence over the last 4500 years had been previously suggested as having resulted from external factors, such as the environment and contact with incoming pastoralist groups. In contrast, this thesis presents hunter-gatherers as active role players in the transformation of their society and history. This was proposed as a result of an excavation and dating programme, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions with better resolved time sequences, and the use of an interpretative framework that emphasises possible changes in population numbers and in modes of production, as well as the consequences of these processes. Between 3500 and 2000 BP, population densities increased and residence permanence became more sedentary, both of which were easily accommodated by a productive environment. Solutions to social stress, resulting from landscape infilling, were not sought through migration, but through the formalization of ritual gatherings at Steenbokfontein Cave. During these gregarious occasions, proper codes of conducts were reinforced, inter- and intra-group conflict was mediated and peoples' identity with the local landscape was also asserted. Coinciding with the increase in population numbers after 3500 BP, subsistence was reorganized around the intensive collection of highly predictable and productive species, such as shellfish, tortoises and plants. Frequent snaring of small and territorial bovids almost completely replaced the hunting of large mobile game. A system of delayed returns was also central to coastal hunter-gatherer economy between 3000 and 2000 BP, whereby the collection, processing and storage of large quantities of shellfish meat was undertaken. The large-scale effort of this activity is attested by the massive build up of large shell middens termed "megamiddens". It seems likely that hunter- gatherers at this time obtained most of the necessary protein from marine resources. In addition to the pervasive and high levels of social stress, ecological stress became palpable as environmental conditions began to deteriorate after 2400 BP. Ritual intensification no longer provided a solution, and aggregation phases at Steenbokfontein Cave came to an end. Social networks amongst hunter-gatherer groups broke down as a consequence of their fission into smaller social units and withdrawal of some of them to the periphery of the study area. The arrival of stock-owning groups around 2000 BP triggered a series of different responses by hunter-gatherers. These varied from cooperative behaviour, assimilation, avoidance and/or conflict. It is argued that these differences were shaped to a large extent by variable socio- economic configurations amongst pre-contact hunter-gatherer groups. The diet of the newly reconfigured and diverse hunter-gatherer society became overall more mixed after 2000 BP. Shellfish gathering became less important, some hunting of large game was practiced, with most of the diet provided by plant collection, snaring of small antelopes and the capture of tortoises.
Graf, Kelly E. "Uncharted territory late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer dispersals in the Siberian mammoth steppe /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3307378.
Full textBrown, Thomas Jay. "Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3223.
Full textWarren, Graeme. "Towards a social archaeology of the mesolithic in Eastern Scotland : landscapes, contexts and experience." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8905.
Full textMuniz, Adolfo A. "Feeding the periphery modeling early Bronze Age economies and the cultural landscape of the Faynan District, Southern Jordan /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258982.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed June 13, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 338-387).
Gutiérrez, Herrera Ruth. "The Nükak : on the move in the shatter zone : a study of nomadism and continuity in the Colombian Amazon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669923.
Full textHabu, Junko. "Subsistence-settlement systems and intersite variability in the Moroiso phase of the early Jomon period of Japan." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40135.
Full textChen, Shengqian. "Adaptive changes of prehistoric hunter-gatherers during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:3137869.
Full textSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-06, Section: A, page: 2250. Advisers: Fred Wendorf; Lewis Binford. Includes bibliographical references.
Knutsson, Helena. "Slutvandrat? aspekter på övergången från rörlig till bofast tillvaro /." Uppsala : Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis : Distribution, Dept. of Archaeology, Uppsala University, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33245292.html.
Full textMcGrew, William Clement. "Chimpanzee material culture : implications for human evolution." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2016.
Full textNic, Eoin Luíseach. "The gatherer and the grindstone : towards a methodological toolkit for grindstone analysis in southern Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e760e886-adee-411f-b104-fb5bdd3a870e.
Full textWebley, Lita Ethel. "The history and archaeology of pastoralist and hunter-gatherer settlement in the North-Western Cape, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17817.
Full textInvestigations in the archaeologically unexplored region of Namaqualand show that it was unoccupied for much of the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene. Marginally more favourable climatic conditions circa 2000 BP encouraged re-occupation of the region. It would appear that Khoe-speaking hunter-gatherers with livestock and pottery first entered Namaqualand along the Orange River before moving southward along the Atlantic coast. Both sheep and pottery are present at /Ai tomas in the Richtersveld and Spoeg River Cave on the coast, some 1900 years ago. This is strong evidence for a western route of Khoekhoen dispersal into southern Africa and invalidates one of the hypotheses proposed by Elphick in 1972. Domestic stock was initially only a minor addition to the economy and these early inhabitants of the region continued utilising wild plant foods and game, slaughtering their domestic stock only infrequently. It is proposed that hunter-gatherer society may undergo the structural changes necessary to become pastoralists and that there is evidence for this in the archaeological record from Namaqualand during the period 1900 to 1300 BP. The historical and ethnographic records relating to the Little Namaqua Khoekhoen indicates that gender conflict structured much of the lives of the historical population and it is postulated that the pre-colonial period was also characterised by changing gender relations. Central to this thesis is a consideration of the active role of material culture in negotiating relations between various interest groups within a society as well as structuring relations between 'ethnic' groups. Certain material culture items are identified which were used to negotiate and structure gender relations. The archaeological material from Namaqualand are therefore analysed in order to determine changing social relations through time. It is concluded that ethnic distinctions between pastoralist groups and hunter-gatherers in Namaqualand became more stressed with the arrival of the Dutch as a consequence of increasing competition for resources. The collapse of Namaqua Khoekhoen society was brought about as a result of trading excess stock for luxury items rather than in establishing stock associations. This thesis proposes that material culture from archaeological excavations be analysed for evidence of the structuring of within-group relations and that material cultural changes dating to within the last 2000 years should not automatically be ascribed to the presence of two 'ethnic' groups.
Taylor, A. J. "Mortuary practices and territoriality : archaic hunter-gatherers of southern Texas and the Loma Sandia Site (41LK28) /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Full textMasekoameng, Mosima. "Indigenous knowledge systems in food gathering and production in selected rural communities in Sekhukhune District of the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1836.
Full textKimball, Vaughn R. "Variability in late prehistoric prey-use strategies of the southeastern Columbia Plateau a test using the Harder Site faunal assemblage /." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/v%5Fkimball%5F050505.pdf.
Full textManning, Cassandra R. "The Role of Salmon in Middle Snake River Human Economy: The Hetrick Site in Regional Contexts." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/203.
Full textOlives, Pons Juana Maria [Verfasser], Assumpció [Gutachter] Vila-Mitjà, Raquel [Gutachter] Piqué, Blanco Vigil Pablo Cayetano Gutachter] Noriega, Jordi [Gutachter] Sabater-Mir, and François [Gutachter] [Bertemes. "Social norms as strategy of regulation of reproduction among hunting-fishing-gathering societies : an experimental approach using a multi-agent based simulation system / Juana Maria Olives Pons ; Gutachter: Assumpció Vila-Mitjà, Raquel Piqué, Pablo Cayetano Noriega Blanco Vigil, Jordi Sabater-Mir, François Bertemes." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1212434838/34.
Full textHenrikson, Lael Suzann 1959. "Ponds, rivers and bison freezers : evaluating a behavioral ecological model of hunter-gatherer mobility on Idaho's Snake River Plain." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9458.
Full textArchaeological evidence indicates that cold storage of bison meat was consistently practiced on the eastern Snake River Plain over the last 8000 years. Recent excavations in three cold lava tube caves have revealed a distinctive artifact assemblage of elk antler tines, broken handstones, and bison bone in association with frozen sagebrush features. Similar evidence has also been discovered in four other caves within the region. A patch choice model was utilized in this study to address how the long-term practice of caching bison meat in cold caves may have functioned in prehistoric subsistence patterns. Because the net return rate for bison was critical to the model, the hunting success of fur trappers occupying the eastern Snake River Plain during the early 1800s, as recorded in their daily journals, was examined and quantified. According to the model, the productivity of cold storage caves must be evaluated against the productivity of other patches on the eastern Snake River Plain, such as ephemeral ponds and linear river corridors from season to season and year to year. The model suggests that residential bases occurred only within river resource patches while ephemeral ponds and ice caves would contain sites indicative of seasonal base camps. The predictions of the model were tested against documented archaeological data from the Snake River Plain through the examination of Geographic Information Systems data provided by the Idaho Bureau of Land Management. The results of this analysis indicate that seasonal base camps are directly associated with both ephemeral and perennial water sources, providing strong support for the model's predictions. Likewise, the temporal distribution of sites within the study area indicates that climate change over the last 8000 years was not dramatic enough to alter long-term subsistence practices in the region. The long-term use of multiple resource patches across the region also confirms that, although the high return rates for bison made them very desirable prey, the over-all diet breadth for the eastern Snake River Plain was broad and included a variety of large and small game and plant foods. Bison and cold storage caves were a single component in a highly mobile seasonal round that persisted for some 8000 years, down to the time of written history in the 19th Century.
Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Lawrence Sugiyama ; Dr. Jon Erlandson ; Dr. Dennis Jenkins ; Dr. Cathy Whitlock ;
Forsberg, Lars L. "Site variability and settlement patterns an analysis of the hunter-gatherer settlement system in the Lule River valley, 1500 B.C.-B.C./A.D. /." Umeå : Dept. of Archaeology, University of Umeå, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16279966.html.
Full textDinwiddie, Joshua Daniel. "The Ground Slate Transition on the Northwest Coast: Establishing a Chronological Framework." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2076.
Full textCroucher, K. "Tactile engagements: the world of the dead in the lives of the living... or 'sharing the dead'." Ex Oriente, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5802.
Full textBarber, Marcus. "Where the clouds stand Australian Aboriginal relationships to water, place, and the marine environment in Blue Mud Bay, Northern Territory /." Click here for electronic access, 2005. http://adt.caul.edu.au/homesearch/get/?mode=advanced&format=summary&nratt=2&combiner0=and&op0=ss&att1=DC.Identifier&combiner1=and&op1=-sw&prevquery=&att0=DC.Title&val0=Where+the+clouds+stand&val1=NBD%3A&submit=Search.
Full textHelzer, Margaret Mary 1963. "Paleoethnobotany and household archaeology at the Bergen site : a Middle Holocene occupation in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12240.
Full textThis study analyzes the botanical and archaeological material from a Middle Holocene occupation at the Bergen site, located in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon. It serves to complement and enhance over a decade of research focused on regional settlement patterns in the Northern Great Basin. While previous studies in the region have focused on broadly based settlement patterns, this study shifted the interpretive lens toward an in-depth analysis of a single family dwelling, which was occupied some 6000 years ago. It thus introduces the domain of "household archaeology" into the practice of archaeological research in the Northern Great Basin for the first time. Macrobotanical analysis was conducted on 215 soil samples collected on a 50cm grid from this house. An additional 20 samples were analyzed from a second house structure at the site. These analyses have provided evidence of diet, environment, and social behavior associated with the prehistoric occupants of the house. The abundance of charred bulrush (Scirpus ), goosefoot (Chenopodium ), and waada (Suaeda ) seeds in the deposits indicate that small seeds of wetland-adapted plants were an important dietary resource during the Middle Holocene in the Fort Rock Basin. The patterned distribution of botanical material in 215 soil samples across the floor of the house provide strong evidence of prehistoric human activity areas. The highest concentration of seeds and charcoal in the house was located near the central fire hearth, where cooking and food preparation took place. An east-facing entryway is suggested by the presence of a secondary concentration of seeds and charcoal on the eastern edge of the structure. Analysis also revealed a differential distribution of seed types across the house floor. Higher concentrations of bulrush in the northern area of the floor, away from the hearth, suggest the presence of sleeping mats. Results of this study indicate that plant remains are not evenly distributed through archaeological deposits, therefore care must be taken when sampling for macrobotanical remains. Research at the Bergen site provides the basis for recommendations to assist future archaeologists in determining the best and most cost-effective locations within excavations to take macrobotanical samples.
Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Theresa O'Neil; Dr. Dennis Jenkins; Dr. Daniel Close
Schurke, Michael Charles. "Investigating Technological Organization at the Buck Lake Site (45PI438) in Mount Rainier National Park Using a Lithic Debitage Analysis." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/721.
Full textStroeymeyt, Nathalie. "Information gathering prior to emigration in house-hunting ants." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529832.
Full textKawamura, Hiroaki. "Symbolism and materialism in the ecological analysis of hunting, fishing, and gathering practices among the contemporary Nez Perce Indians." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3059275.
Full textSaavedra, Amílcar António Miranda Gomes. "Desporto e participação associativa-clube de caça e pesca do Alto Douro." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas -- -Departamento de Estudos Portugueses, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29486.
Full textGreen, Kirsten Anne. "Changes in Osteoarthritis of the Elbow and Shoulder Joints in Women when Trasitioning from Hunting and Gathering to an Agricultural Subsistence." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05292008-183635/.
Full textAssunção, Danilo Chagas. "Sambaquis da paleolaguna de Santa Marta: em busca do contexto regional no litoral sul de Santa Catarina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-21062010-100432/.
Full textThis dissertation discusses the settlement system of the sambaqui mounbuilders from the southern shores of Santa Catarina between 7000 and 1000 years BP, focusing in a regional level. The lagoonal study area has formerly been an open bay environment by the time of the transgressive maximum sea level, with a wider variety of micro-environmental settings and internal islands. By means of intensive field survey and systematic site intervening, a catalog of sites has been compiled with information on more than 90 sambaquis therein recorded so far (plus a number of later Guarani and southern Je sites), that includes site location and environmental setting, stratigraphy and composition, as well as their preservation conditions. A chronological framework has been established by dating several of these mounds, allowing the modeling of settlement evolution and territorial patterns of this long lasting, transitional, fisher-gatherer society.
Fernandes, António José Serôdio. "O associativismo desportivo no distrito de Vila Real-estudo das colectividades desportivas e seus dirigentes." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTAD-Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29099.
Full textGuimarães, João Paulo Valadas. "Regime fiscal dos clubes desportivos com estatuto de utilidade pública-estudo dos clubes da cidade do Porto que não participam em competição desportiva profissional." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29443.
Full textKarsikas, L. (Leevi). "Metsästyksen ongelmapuhe." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514285257.
Full textTiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa kuvaillaan ja analysoidaan metsästyksen ongelmapuheita. Niitä on alkanut lisääntyvästi esiintyä toisen maailmansodan jälkeen. Näissä puheissa kritisoidaan metsästystä aina sen lopettamisen vaatimiseen saakka. Metsästystä arvostellaan ja vastustetaan sekä ekologisilla että muilla perusteilla. Näitä muita perusteita ovat uskonnolliset, filosofiset ja eettiset näkökohdat. Tutkimusaineistona on käytetty sosiologista, antropologista, filosofista ja muuta tieteellistä kirjallisuutta, yleistä kirjallisuutta, sanomalehti- ja muita lehtikirjoituksia, videonauhoja, satuja: kaikkea sitä, joka tiedonsosiologian mukaan käy tiedosta yhteiskunnassa. Menetelminä on käytetty diskurssianalyysiä, taulukointia ja matemaattisia malleja (Boolen algebra). Toisessa luvussa selostetaan ja analysoidaan kirjallisuutta ja pyritään osoittamaan, miten metsästyksen oikeutusta mielletään erityisesti viime aikoina. Seuraavissa kolmessa luvussa analysoidaan Helsingin Sanomissa vuosina 1992–1996 julkaistuja kirjoituksia. Kuudennessa luvussa kuvataan arvostelijoiden ryhmää. Johtopäätöksissä pohditaan sitä, miten noihin kriittisiin kannanottoihin on tultu. Metsästys pyritään mitoittamaan ekologisilla perusteilla, niin että kysymyksessä olevan riistaeläimen kanta kestäisi kulloisenkin metsästyksen. Ekotuhlaus taas on kysymyksessä, kun spontaanisti uusiutuvaa luonnonvaraa, riistaa, jätetään käyttämättä, kun ihmisille on kuitenkin tuotettava ruokaa, joka on ekologisesti selvästi kalliimpaa kuin luonnosta vapaasti esimerkiksi metsästämällä saatava ruoka. Ihmisen oma velvollisuusetiikka vaatii, ettei eläimiä niitä metsästettäessä kiduteta eikä kiusata. Alussa vallitsi ruoan hankinnassa suora luonnon käyttö, ekologinen primariteettiperiaate, jossa kaikki ruoka tuli suoraan luonnosta. Mitään ei saatu ihmisen oman tuotannon tuloksena. Se oli ekototalismia, kun ei vielä viljelty kasveja eikä kasvatetettu karjaa. Nykyäänkin osa ruoasta saadaan yhä suoraan luonnosta. Se voi olla kuinka vähäinen osa tahansa. Tämä suora, osittainen luonnon käyttö, ekoprimarismi, ei voi loppua, koska aina on olemassa luonnon spontaania tuottoa, jota ihminen voi käyttää ruokanaan. Jollei sitä käytetä, aiheutetaan siltä osin turhaa viljelyä ja eläinten kasvatusta. Sellainen on ekotuhlausta