To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Hunting and gathering societies.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hunting and gathering societies'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Hunting and gathering societies.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Olives, Pons Juana Maria. "Social norms as strategy of regulation of reproduction among hunting-fishing-gathering societies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669474.

Full text
Abstract:
En comparar les dades demogràfiques dels caçadors-pescadors-recol·lectors moderns (e.g. l’existència d’índexs de creixement demogràfic diferenciats, capacitat d’aconseguir índexs de creixement alts, estabilitat demogràfica a llarg termini) i dels caçadors-pescadors-recol·lectors del Paleolític (e.g. densitat demogràfica baixa, absència de creixement demogràfic) en sorgeix una contradicció. La baixa densitat demogràfica documentada al Plistocè ha estat generalment argumentada com una conseqüència de la inferior capacitat tecnològica, de la biologia intrínseca, o de catàstrofes ambientals i climàtiques. Addicionalment, les societats caçadores-pescadores-recol·lectores han estat també caracteritzades per tindre una fecunditat natural, en oposició a una fecunditat controlada. Durant molt temps, s’ha ignorat el fet que el creixement demogràfic de poblacions caçadores-pescadores-recol·lectores també pot ser controlat a través de la regulació de les relacions socials i reproductives entre els homes i les dones, d’acord amb les seves funcions socials i econòmiques. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi doctoral és aproximar-se a les relacions socials i reproductives entre els homes i les dones en una societat caçadora-pescadora-recol·lectora. Metodològicament, combino fonts etnohistòriques, estudis etnogràfics, demogràfics, i mèdics en un programa de simulació mulitagent encarregat de simular processos demogràfics. En les simulacions, poso a prova la hipòtesi d’aquesta tesi: les normes socials controlen la reproducció (fecunditat natural) i, conseqüentment, el creixement demogràfic de les societats caçadores-pescadores-recol·lectores. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi suporten la hipòtesi, assenyalant principalment tres tendències: 1) en les proves de les simulacions que no contenen cap norma social, la població artificial experimenta un creixement demogràfic elevat i ràpid (inexistent en el registre arqueològic o treballs etnogràfics); 2) en les proves de les simulacions que inclouen una restricció mínima, la població artificial mostra un creixement més lent tot i que encara excessivament elevat a llarg termini; 3) en les proves de les simulacions que inclouen una restricció més accentuada, les poblacions assoleixen una estabilitat demogràfica. Per tant, a partir d’aquestes dades es pot concloure que és molt probable que les poblacions caçadores-pescadores-recol·lectores del Paleolític varen desenvolupar determinats mecanismes socials que regularen el seu creixement demogràfic. L’organització i divisió del treball es converteix en la via a través de la qual es distribueix el valor subjectiu de la contribució productiva dels individus que hi participen. Les diferències de les activitats productives en base al sexe fa possible que s’estableixi una interdependència que alhora relativitza el valor del producte obtingut i, per extensió, el valor designat a la gent productora. D’aquesta manera, l’organització del treball, juntament amb la regulació de la reproducció, legitimen l’establiment de desigualtats socials basades en el gènere.
There is an incongruity between the demographic data observed among contemporary hunter-fisher-gatherers (e.g. the existence of different growth rates, the capability of achieving high growing rates, and long-term demographic stability) and that of Pleistocene hunter-fisher-gatherers (e.g. low population density, and a lack of demographic expansion). The low demographic density in the Pleistocene has been explained as a consequence of low technological capability, intrinsic biology, and ecological and climatic catastrophes. In addition to this, the foraging societies have been categorized to follow a natural fertility, in opposition to controlled fertility. For long, it has been neglected that population growth among hunter-fisher-gatherers can also be regulated by controlling the social relations and reproductive relations between men and women, accordingly to the socioeconomic roles they have and, hence, in accordance to a particular socioeconomic behaviour. The aim of this doctoral thesis is to approach to the social and reproductive relations between the men and women in a foraging society in order to identify patterns and interrelations. Methodologically, I take into account ethnohistorical sources, ethnographic studies, modern demographic studies, and medical studies, which I combine into a multi-agent based simulation program that simulates demographic processes. In the simulations, I test the hypothesis presented in this thesis: social norms have an effect on reproduction (natural fertility) and, by extension, on the demographic growth of hunting-fishing-gathering societies. The results obtained in this doctoral thesis support this hypothesis, pointing to three main tendencies: 1) in the simulation in which social norms are excluded, the artificial population experiences a rapid demographic growth (unattested in the archaeological record and ethnographic studies); 2) in the simulations including the less restrictive social norms, the artificial population experiences a slower demographic growth, although it still remains to be unsustainable in the long-term; 3) in the simulations with the most restrictive norms the artificial population is demographically stable. Therefore, it is very plausible that Palaeolithic hunter-fisher-gatherers also developed certain social mechanisms that regulated their demographic growth. The manner in which labour is divided (organized) is at the same time the manner in which the subjective value of the productive contribution of the individuals participating in the production is distributed. The difference in production activities according to sex makes it possible to set an interdependence and at the same time to relativize the value of the product obtained, and by extension, the value assigned to the people producing it. The organization of labour, together with the regulation of reproduction brings together a legitimization of a social inequality based on gender.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hill, Mark A. "The benefit of the gift exchange and social interaction in the Late Archaic western Great Lakes /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2009/m_hill_042309.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Roulette, Casey Jordan. "Cultural models and gender differences in tobacco use among Congo Basin hunter-gatherers." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/C_Roulette_041710.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, May 2010.
Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 8, 2010). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-77).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Norström, Christer. ""They call for us" strategies for securing autonomy among the Paliyans, hunter-gatherers of the Palni Hills, South India /." Stockholm : Dept. of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University : Distributed by Almqvist & Wiskell International, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53098755.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Miller, Isabelle Sarton. "Estimation of energy expenditure in children : a simple and non-invasive approach using heart rate and regression modelling /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6455.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Helzer, Margaret Mary. "Paleoethnobotany and household archaeology at the Bergen site : a Middle Holocene occupation in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3035565.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 279-296). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Taiban, Sasala. "The lost lily : state, sociocultural change and the decline of hunting culture in Kaochapogan, Taiwan /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6518.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Henrikson, Lael Suzann. "Ponds, rivers and bison freezers : evaluating a behavioral ecological model of hunter-gatherer mobility on Idaho's Snake River Plain /." view abstract or download file of text, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3072588.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2002.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 314-326). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Helfrecht, Courtney Elizabeth. "Age and sex differences in aggression among the Aka foragers of the Central African Republic." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/c_helfrecht_042009.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Nagaoka, Lisa Ann. "Resource depression, extinction, and subsistence change in prehistoric southern New Zealand /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6460.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Friesen, Trevor Max. ""Periphery" as centre : long-term patterns of intersocietal interaction on Herschel Island, Northern Yukon Territory." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40125.

Full text
Abstract:
The goal of this study is to develop a general theoretical perspective for the archaeological study of intersocietal interaction among hunter-gatherers. Several theoretical frameworks have been offered for the study of interaction, including acculturation, ecological interdependency, peer polity interaction, world-system theory, and a number of more particularist approaches. Although all offer valuable insights, only world-system theory has the potential for application to all types and scales of intersocietal interaction, past and present. The perspective developed here represents an experimental modification of the world-system perspective, with the addition of aspects of previous hunter-gatherer studies, most of which are strongly influenced by cultural ecology.
This theoretical perspective is used to develop a model of change in hunter-gatherer world-systems. Particularly important factors in this model are the density and spatio-temporal distribution of subsistence resources, and the availability of "preciosities" (exchanged objects of high value). These factors are hypothesized to affect hunter-gatherer world-systems in terms of three variables: (1) "breadth", the number of interacting regional groups; (2) "depth", the relative importance of the interaction to each regional group; and (3) "internal differentiation", the degree of variability among regional groups within the interacting system. Finally, the model is tested on the archaeological and ethnographic records of the Inuit inhabitants of Herschel Island, northern Yukon Territory, and adjacent regions during the "contact period" of the past 500 years. The test predictions are largely supported by the data, which indicate that the increasing availability of preciosities and the changing distribution of subsistence resources during the contact period caused the indigenous world-system to increase in depth and breadth, and to begin to change in pattern of internal differentiation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Dallos, Csilla. "Identity and opportunity : asymmetrical household integration among the Lanoh, newly sedentary hunter-gatherers and forest collectors of Peninsular Malaysia." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82849.

Full text
Abstract:
In recent years, heated debates about the definition and evolutionary role of simple, egalitarian hunter-gatherer societies have assumed a central place in hunter-gatherer studies. Since household dynamics are bound to be fundamental in arguments about these issues, the present study examines social change in terms of household integration in Air Bah, a resettlement village of newly sedentary Lanoh hunter-gatherers and forest collectors of Peninsular Malaysia. The Lanoh have accepted inequality more readily than cooperation and binding relationships. Household integration has remained partial because, even in households of self-aggrandizers, younger men retain their individual autonomy. This incomplete household integration, in turn, continues to affect kinship group and village integration, preventing Air Bah from developing into a centralized "village community." These findings suggest substantial revisions in our understanding of the sociality and evolutionary significance of the "simplest" hunter-gatherer societies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Kopperl, Robert E. "Cultural complexity and resource intensification on Kodiak Island, Alaska /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6403.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Kashyap, Arunima. "Use wear and starch grain analysis an integrated approach to understanding the transition from hunting gathering to food production at Bagor, Rajasthan, India /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Hudler, Dale Brent. "Modeling paleolandscapes in central Texas /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Schenck, Marcia C. "Land, water, truth, and love : visions of identity and land access from Bain's Bushmen to Khomani San /." Connect to online version, 2008. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2009/366.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Wylie, Joanna Kate, and n/a. "Negotiating the landscape : a comparative investigation of wayfinding, mapmaking and territoriality in selected hunter-gatherer societies." University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070501.145510.

Full text
Abstract:
As human beings we are continually interacting with the landscape, and have been doing so throughout the entire course of our evolution. This thesis specifically investigates the way in which hunter-gatherers negotiate and interact with their landscapes, focusing on three patterns of behaviour: wayfinding, mapmaking and territoriality. An examination of the relevant international literature reveals that globally, hunter-gatherer groups both past and present share a number of similarities with regard to their wayfinding and mapmaking techniques, territorial behaviour. A case study of Maori interaction with the landscape of prehistoric and protohistoric Te Wai Pounamu [the South Island] provides further support for the central argument that hunter-gatherers collectively negotiate and interact with the landscape in distinctive ways. This is contrasted with the interaction of European explorers and travellers with the 19th century landscape of Te Wai Pounamu in Chapter 5. It is determined that hunter-gatherers use detailed cognitive or 'mental' maps to navigate their way through a range of landscape from dense forests to barren plains. These maps often consist of sequences of place names that represent trails. These cognitive maps are most commonly developed through direct interaction with the landscape, but can also be formed vicariously through ephemeral maps drawn with the purpose of communicating geographical knowledge. Prior to European contact, little importance seems to have been given to artefactual or 'permanent' maps within hunter-gatherer societies as the process of mapmaking was generally regarded as more significant than the actual product. Although the literature on hunter-gatherer territoriality is complex and in some cases conflicting, it is contended that among a number of hunter-gatherer groups, including prehistoric and protohistoric Maori in Te Wai Pounamu, interaction and negotiation with the landscape was/is not restricted to exclusive territories marked by rigidly defined boundaries. Among these groups, a specific method of territoriality known as 'social boundry defence' was/is employed. This involves controlling access to the social group inhabiting an area rather than access to the area itself, as with groups utilising the territorial method of 'perimeter defence'.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Brandišauskas, Donatas. "Leaving footprints in the Taiga enacted and emplaced power and luck among the Orochen-Evenki of the Zabaikal Region in East Siberia /." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=33537.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Jerardino, Antonieta Mafalda Susana. "Changing social landscapes of the Western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21821.

Full text
Abstract:
Bibliography: pages 177-205.
This thesis presents a reinterpretation of the late-Holocene hunter-gatherer archaeology of the Eland's Bay and Lambert's Bay areas of the western Cape. Marked changes in settlement, and subsistence over the last 4500 years had been previously suggested as having resulted from external factors, such as the environment and contact with incoming pastoralist groups. In contrast, this thesis presents hunter-gatherers as active role players in the transformation of their society and history. This was proposed as a result of an excavation and dating programme, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions with better resolved time sequences, and the use of an interpretative framework that emphasises possible changes in population numbers and in modes of production, as well as the consequences of these processes. Between 3500 and 2000 BP, population densities increased and residence permanence became more sedentary, both of which were easily accommodated by a productive environment. Solutions to social stress, resulting from landscape infilling, were not sought through migration, but through the formalization of ritual gatherings at Steenbokfontein Cave. During these gregarious occasions, proper codes of conducts were reinforced, inter- and intra-group conflict was mediated and peoples' identity with the local landscape was also asserted. Coinciding with the increase in population numbers after 3500 BP, subsistence was reorganized around the intensive collection of highly predictable and productive species, such as shellfish, tortoises and plants. Frequent snaring of small and territorial bovids almost completely replaced the hunting of large mobile game. A system of delayed returns was also central to coastal hunter-gatherer economy between 3000 and 2000 BP, whereby the collection, processing and storage of large quantities of shellfish meat was undertaken. The large-scale effort of this activity is attested by the massive build up of large shell middens termed "megamiddens". It seems likely that hunter- gatherers at this time obtained most of the necessary protein from marine resources. In addition to the pervasive and high levels of social stress, ecological stress became palpable as environmental conditions began to deteriorate after 2400 BP. Ritual intensification no longer provided a solution, and aggregation phases at Steenbokfontein Cave came to an end. Social networks amongst hunter-gatherer groups broke down as a consequence of their fission into smaller social units and withdrawal of some of them to the periphery of the study area. The arrival of stock-owning groups around 2000 BP triggered a series of different responses by hunter-gatherers. These varied from cooperative behaviour, assimilation, avoidance and/or conflict. It is argued that these differences were shaped to a large extent by variable socio- economic configurations amongst pre-contact hunter-gatherer groups. The diet of the newly reconfigured and diverse hunter-gatherer society became overall more mixed after 2000 BP. Shellfish gathering became less important, some hunting of large game was practiced, with most of the diet provided by plant collection, snaring of small antelopes and the capture of tortoises.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Graf, Kelly E. "Uncharted territory late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer dispersals in the Siberian mammoth steppe /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3307378.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Brown, Thomas Jay. "Demography and the Evolution of Logistic Organization on the Northern Northwest Coast Between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP." PDXScholar, 2016. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3223.

Full text
Abstract:
Focusing on the relationship between demography and sedentary behavior, this thesis explores changes to mobility strategies on the Northern Northwest Coast of North America between 11,000 and 5,000 cal BP. Drawing on a regional database of radiocarbon dates, it uses summed probability distributions (SPDs) of calibrated dates as a proxy for population change, in combination with syntheses of previously published technological, paleo environmental and settlement pattern data to test three hypotheses derived from the literature about the development of logistic mobility among maritime hunter-gatherers on the Northern Coast. In all, each of the hypotheses proposes that early peoples on the coast were foragers that utilized high levels of residential mobility, who later adopted collector (logistic) strategies. Two of the hypotheses emphasize the role of population growth and/or packing and resource distribution in this transformation, while the third emphasizes population replacement. Other issues addressed within this thesis are whether or not the forager-collector continuum, as it is used for terrestrial hunter-gatherers, can be applied to those in aquatic settings. Also explored, is the question of whether the available data is sufficient for making and/or testing claims about early mobility patterns in the region. The results of the demographic models suggest that while population levels were volatile, volatility declined through time and that there is no significant trend in either growth or decline of overall population levels throughout the region. This thesis also confirmed that significant changes to mobility, as evidenced by the emergence of semi-sedentary to sedentary living, begin to appear by ~7,000 cal BP. However, there appears to be little, if any correlation between the advent of more sedentary and logistic behavior and any of the variables tested here. Thus this author suggests, in agreement with Ames (1985; 2004) and Binford (2001) that the distribution of resources and labor organization needs within aquatic environments are sufficient without any other drivers for the development and intensification of logistic mobility. The principle analytic contribution of this research comes from the demographic modeling that relied on the construction of summed probability distributions. Though these methods have become commonplace in other settings (namely Europe), this thesis presents the first application of these methods within the time period and region covered. Moreover, this research is one of the only of its kind to address demographic histories within coastal landscapes that utilizes both marine and terrestrial 14C samples. In order to explore possible biases within the database, comparisons of marine and terrestrial SPDs were made between sub-sections of the region (i.e. Haida Gwaii, Southeast Alaska and the Dundas Islands). Though patterning between each of these areas was consistent, these comparative methods revealed an unexpected finding; a massive population crash throughout the region that began between ~9,000-8,800 cal BP and lasted till around 8,400 cal BP. Importantly, this crash was witnessed within all of the individual sub-areas and within SPDs made from both the marine and terrestrial 14C samples, though the reasons behind this collapse and verification of its existence require future research. However, finding this collapse at all further highlighted the need for use of correctly calibrated 14C dates, as the gap in 14C dates effectively disappears when using uncalibrated dates, which has been a longstanding tradition within Northwest archaeology.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Warren, Graeme. "Towards a social archaeology of the mesolithic in Eastern Scotland : landscapes, contexts and experience." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8905.

Full text
Abstract:
The research reported here arose from perceived lacunae regarding archaeological understanding of mesolithic settlement in eastern Scotland. Historically this area, for a number of reasons, has seen 1ittle archaeological research in comparison to the maritime west of the country, a bias that requires redressing. The characteristics, problems and potentials of available data are assembled for the first time and critically assessed. Discussion of methodologies appropriate to this material is developed, and small-scale fieldwork undertaken within this framework presented. Any introduction of a new range of data is, in part, a construction of that data, and the particular interpretative and thematic stresses of the thesis arise from the argument that narratives of gatherer-hunter communities in the past have objectified those groups, consequently hindering comprehension of them. To this end an approach to a social archaeology of the mesolithic is developed, stressing the importance of examining skills and routines that, through thei; extension in particular contexts, may have structured an agent's experience of landscapes in the past. In order to flesh out these arguments and introduce the material evidence in more detail, a series of overlapping case studies is developed exploring in turn, the relationships between mesolithic folk and woodlands, the significance of salmon fishing, the inhabitation of the coast, and stone tool procurement, production and discard. These varied narratives incorporate the results of a range of small-scale desktop projects and fieldwork designed to test the potential of this approach to a social archaeology of the period. Whilst these studies are at present fragmentary, it is contended that they demonstrate that accounts of gatherer-hunter communities in the east of Scotland can aspire to a meaningful level of engagement with human lives in the past. The project scholarship was funded by Historic Scotland.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Muniz, Adolfo A. "Feeding the periphery modeling early Bronze Age economies and the cultural landscape of the Faynan District, Southern Jordan /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3258982.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 13, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 338-387).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Gutiérrez, Herrera Ruth. "The Nükak : on the move in the shatter zone : a study of nomadism and continuity in the Colombian Amazon." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669923.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Habu, Junko. "Subsistence-settlement systems and intersite variability in the Moroiso phase of the early Jomon period of Japan." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40135.

Full text
Abstract:
This study examines subsistence-settlement systems and residential mobility of prehistoric Jomon hunter-gatherers in Japan. Raw data were collected from Moroiso Phase (ca. 5000 B.P.) sites of the Early Jomon Period in the Kanto and Chubu regions. Many archaeologists have assumed that the Jomon people were sedentary inhabitants of large villages, occupied throughout the year. However, recent developments in Jomon studies suggest that we must reevaluate the assumption of Jomon sedentism. In this study, Moroiso Phase settlement patterns, including intersite lithic assemblage variability, site size and site location, are examined in the context of an ethnographic model of hunter-gatherer subsistence-settlement systems. The results indicate that the Moroiso Phase settlement patterns correspond very closely to those of hunter-gatherers who are relatively sedentary but move their residential bases seasonally. Changes of settlement patterns over time within the Moroiso Phase are also examined, and the results are explained in relation to changes in the natural environment.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Chen, Shengqian. "Adaptive changes of prehistoric hunter-gatherers during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in China." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&rft%5Fval%5Ffmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss&rft%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss:3137869.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D. in Anthropology)--S.M.U.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 65-06, Section: A, page: 2250. Advisers: Fred Wendorf; Lewis Binford. Includes bibliographical references.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Knutsson, Helena. "Slutvandrat? aspekter på övergången från rörlig till bofast tillvaro /." Uppsala : Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis : Distribution, Dept. of Archaeology, Uppsala University, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33245292.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

McGrew, William Clement. "Chimpanzee material culture : implications for human evolution." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2016.

Full text
Abstract:
The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes, Pongidae) among all other living species, is our closest relation, with whom we last shared a common ancestor less than five million years ago. These African apes make and use a rich and varied kit of tools. Of the primates, and even of the other Great Apes, they are the only consistent and habitual tool-users. Chimpanzees meet the criteria of working definitions of culture as originally devised for human beings in socio-cultural anthropology. They show sex differences in using tools to obtain and to process a variety of plant and animal foods. The technological gap between chimpanzees and human societies living by foraging (hunter-gatherers) is surprisingly narrow, at least for food-getting. Different communities of chimpanzees have different tool-kits, and not all of this regional and local variation can be explained by the varied physical and biotic environments in which they live. Some differences are likely customs based on non-functionally derived and symbolically encoded traditions. Chimpanzees serve as heuristic, referential models for the reconstruction of cultural evolution in apes and humans from an ancestral hominoid. However, chimpanzees are not humans, and key differences exist between them, though many of these apparent contrasts remain to be explored empirically and theoretically.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Nic, Eoin Luíseach. "The gatherer and the grindstone : towards a methodological toolkit for grindstone analysis in southern Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e760e886-adee-411f-b104-fb5bdd3a870e.

Full text
Abstract:
Although grindstones - that is, pairs of stone implements used to grind, pound, pulverise or otherwise process intermediate materials - have been intensively studied by archaeologists in other parts of the world, in southern Africa to date they have received little attention. Despite a near-ubiquitous presence on Middle and Later Stone Age archaeological sites, their primary function in archaeological reconstructions has been as proxies for other behaviours. These include behavioural modernity; gender; particular plant types, such as geophytes/underground storage organs. This doctoral thesis interrogates grindstones with a view not only to establishing specific (rather than proxy) uses in the southern African archaeological record,but also as a means to explore the gathered side of hunter-gatherer lifeways, which have also historically been neglected. It does this by developing a methodological toolkit for grindstone analysis in southern Africa. Comparison of archaeological and historical literature from the southern African Grassland Biome and elsewhere suggests a tension between archaeological accounts which posit geophyte and mineral pigment grinding as a primary purpose for grindstones and ethnohistorical accounts suggesting that grass-processing was a staple of hunter-gatherer life. Finally, a corpus of putative grindstones from the site of Ha Makotoko in western Lesotho is typologically assessed and analysed for plant starches and phytoliths. It emerges that at this site, and in contrast to received wisdom, geophyte grinding was not extensive but by contrast, grass seed processing was practised. This belies models suggesting that C4 grass seeds were unlikely to have contributed to hunter-gatherer diets, and questions interpretations of grass 'bedding' as well as the distinction between 'forager' and 'farmer'. Most importantly, this thesis validates the idea that grindstone study is worthwhile, and should be integrated into wider lithic study in southern Africa as a matter of course.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Webley, Lita Ethel. "The history and archaeology of pastoralist and hunter-gatherer settlement in the North-Western Cape, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17817.

Full text
Abstract:
Bibliography: pages 282-299.
Investigations in the archaeologically unexplored region of Namaqualand show that it was unoccupied for much of the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene. Marginally more favourable climatic conditions circa 2000 BP encouraged re-occupation of the region. It would appear that Khoe-speaking hunter-gatherers with livestock and pottery first entered Namaqualand along the Orange River before moving southward along the Atlantic coast. Both sheep and pottery are present at /Ai tomas in the Richtersveld and Spoeg River Cave on the coast, some 1900 years ago. This is strong evidence for a western route of Khoekhoen dispersal into southern Africa and invalidates one of the hypotheses proposed by Elphick in 1972. Domestic stock was initially only a minor addition to the economy and these early inhabitants of the region continued utilising wild plant foods and game, slaughtering their domestic stock only infrequently. It is proposed that hunter-gatherer society may undergo the structural changes necessary to become pastoralists and that there is evidence for this in the archaeological record from Namaqualand during the period 1900 to 1300 BP. The historical and ethnographic records relating to the Little Namaqua Khoekhoen indicates that gender conflict structured much of the lives of the historical population and it is postulated that the pre-colonial period was also characterised by changing gender relations. Central to this thesis is a consideration of the active role of material culture in negotiating relations between various interest groups within a society as well as structuring relations between 'ethnic' groups. Certain material culture items are identified which were used to negotiate and structure gender relations. The archaeological material from Namaqualand are therefore analysed in order to determine changing social relations through time. It is concluded that ethnic distinctions between pastoralist groups and hunter-gatherers in Namaqualand became more stressed with the arrival of the Dutch as a consequence of increasing competition for resources. The collapse of Namaqua Khoekhoen society was brought about as a result of trading excess stock for luxury items rather than in establishing stock associations. This thesis proposes that material culture from archaeological excavations be analysed for evidence of the structuring of within-group relations and that material cultural changes dating to within the last 2000 years should not automatically be ascribed to the presence of two 'ethnic' groups.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Taylor, A. J. "Mortuary practices and territoriality : archaic hunter-gatherers of southern Texas and the Loma Sandia Site (41LK28) /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Masekoameng, Mosima. "Indigenous knowledge systems in food gathering and production in selected rural communities in Sekhukhune District of the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1836.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Kimball, Vaughn R. "Variability in late prehistoric prey-use strategies of the southeastern Columbia Plateau a test using the Harder Site faunal assemblage /." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/v%5Fkimball%5F050505.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Manning, Cassandra R. "The Role of Salmon in Middle Snake River Human Economy: The Hetrick Site in Regional Contexts." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/203.

Full text
Abstract:
On the Columbia Plateau, the origin of the Winter Village Pattern has long been a focus of research. Intensification of resources such as salmon, roots, and local aquatic resources is often cited as the cause of declining mobility. To address this question in the middle Snake River region, I have re-analyzed fish remains from the Hetrick site (10WN469; Weiser, ID), with occupations spanning the Holocene. Expectations from foraging theory and paleoclimate data are used to address whether salmon and other fish use changed over time and if such changes are correlated with the development of the Winter Village Pattern. The results of my research indicate that there is no correlation between the timing of increased salmonid use at the Hetrick site and paleoclimatic change or the earliest evidence for the Winter Village Pattern. Further, these results are very similar to patterns of fish use seen at other sites on the Snake River, particularly those from the Early and Middle Holocene.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Olives, Pons Juana Maria [Verfasser], Assumpció [Gutachter] Vila-Mitjà, Raquel [Gutachter] Piqué, Blanco Vigil Pablo Cayetano Gutachter] Noriega, Jordi [Gutachter] Sabater-Mir, and François [Gutachter] [Bertemes. "Social norms as strategy of regulation of reproduction among hunting-fishing-gathering societies : an experimental approach using a multi-agent based simulation system / Juana Maria Olives Pons ; Gutachter: Assumpció Vila-Mitjà, Raquel Piqué, Pablo Cayetano Noriega Blanco Vigil, Jordi Sabater-Mir, François Bertemes." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1212434838/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Henrikson, Lael Suzann 1959. "Ponds, rivers and bison freezers : evaluating a behavioral ecological model of hunter-gatherer mobility on Idaho's Snake River Plain." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9458.

Full text
Abstract:
xviii, 326 p. : ill. (some col.), maps. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT GN799 .F6 H46 2002
Archaeological evidence indicates that cold storage of bison meat was consistently practiced on the eastern Snake River Plain over the last 8000 years. Recent excavations in three cold lava tube caves have revealed a distinctive artifact assemblage of elk antler tines, broken handstones, and bison bone in association with frozen sagebrush features. Similar evidence has also been discovered in four other caves within the region. A patch choice model was utilized in this study to address how the long-term practice of caching bison meat in cold caves may have functioned in prehistoric subsistence patterns. Because the net return rate for bison was critical to the model, the hunting success of fur trappers occupying the eastern Snake River Plain during the early 1800s, as recorded in their daily journals, was examined and quantified. According to the model, the productivity of cold storage caves must be evaluated against the productivity of other patches on the eastern Snake River Plain, such as ephemeral ponds and linear river corridors from season to season and year to year. The model suggests that residential bases occurred only within river resource patches while ephemeral ponds and ice caves would contain sites indicative of seasonal base camps. The predictions of the model were tested against documented archaeological data from the Snake River Plain through the examination of Geographic Information Systems data provided by the Idaho Bureau of Land Management. The results of this analysis indicate that seasonal base camps are directly associated with both ephemeral and perennial water sources, providing strong support for the model's predictions. Likewise, the temporal distribution of sites within the study area indicates that climate change over the last 8000 years was not dramatic enough to alter long-term subsistence practices in the region. The long-term use of multiple resource patches across the region also confirms that, although the high return rates for bison made them very desirable prey, the over-all diet breadth for the eastern Snake River Plain was broad and included a variety of large and small game and plant foods. Bison and cold storage caves were a single component in a highly mobile seasonal round that persisted for some 8000 years, down to the time of written history in the 19th Century.
Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Lawrence Sugiyama ; Dr. Jon Erlandson ; Dr. Dennis Jenkins ; Dr. Cathy Whitlock ;
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Forsberg, Lars L. "Site variability and settlement patterns an analysis of the hunter-gatherer settlement system in the Lule River valley, 1500 B.C.-B.C./A.D. /." Umeå : Dept. of Archaeology, University of Umeå, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16279966.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Dinwiddie, Joshua Daniel. "The Ground Slate Transition on the Northwest Coast: Establishing a Chronological Framework." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2076.

Full text
Abstract:
This thesis establishes the earliest appearance of ground slate points at 50 locations throughout the Northwest Coast of North America. Ground slate points are a tool common among maritime hunter-gatherers, but rare among hunter-gatherers who utilize terrestrial subsistence strategies; ground slate points are considered one of the archaeological hallmarks of mid-to-late Holocene Northwest Coast peoples. The appearance of ground slate points in the archaeological record is frequently marked by a concurrent decline in the prevalence of flaked stone points, a phenomenon often referred to as "the ground slate transition." Until now, the specific timing of the appearance of these tools has been ill-defined, and a number of competing theories have arisen to explain the apparent preference for ground slate points over flaked points by prehistoric peoples. By drawing upon a sample of 94 artifact assemblages from 50 sites in Alaska, British Columbia, and Washington, I have constructed a database of artifacts counts, provenience information, and radiocarbon dates which allows for inter-site comparisons of the earliest appearance of the technology. My research has identified a general north to south trend in the appearance of slate points; which begin to appear in the archaeological record around 6,300 cal BP in southeast Alaska, to 2,900 cal BP in Puget Sound. There are notable exceptions to this pattern, however. Given that these data are drawn from both cultural resource management reports and academic literature, I have qualified these findings by addressing some of the common problems of making inter-site comparisons, such as the comparability of radiometric dates, which I address by undertaking a radiocarbon hygiene program. The chronology constructed here provides an important tool for evaluating theories about the ground slate transition, and thereby aiding in untangling the link between aquatic subsistence strategies and technological decision making.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Croucher, K. "Tactile engagements: the world of the dead in the lives of the living... or 'sharing the dead'." Ex Oriente, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5802.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Barber, Marcus. "Where the clouds stand Australian Aboriginal relationships to water, place, and the marine environment in Blue Mud Bay, Northern Territory /." Click here for electronic access, 2005. http://adt.caul.edu.au/homesearch/get/?mode=advanced&format=summary&nratt=2&combiner0=and&op0=ss&att1=DC.Identifier&combiner1=and&op1=-sw&prevquery=&att0=DC.Title&val0=Where+the+clouds+stand&val1=NBD%3A&submit=Search.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Helzer, Margaret Mary 1963. "Paleoethnobotany and household archaeology at the Bergen site : a Middle Holocene occupation in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12240.

Full text
Abstract:
xv, 296 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E78.O6 H44 2001
This study analyzes the botanical and archaeological material from a Middle Holocene occupation at the Bergen site, located in the Fort Rock Basin, Oregon. It serves to complement and enhance over a decade of research focused on regional settlement patterns in the Northern Great Basin. While previous studies in the region have focused on broadly based settlement patterns, this study shifted the interpretive lens toward an in-depth analysis of a single family dwelling, which was occupied some 6000 years ago. It thus introduces the domain of "household archaeology" into the practice of archaeological research in the Northern Great Basin for the first time. Macrobotanical analysis was conducted on 215 soil samples collected on a 50cm grid from this house. An additional 20 samples were analyzed from a second house structure at the site. These analyses have provided evidence of diet, environment, and social behavior associated with the prehistoric occupants of the house. The abundance of charred bulrush (Scirpus ), goosefoot (Chenopodium ), and waada (Suaeda ) seeds in the deposits indicate that small seeds of wetland-adapted plants were an important dietary resource during the Middle Holocene in the Fort Rock Basin. The patterned distribution of botanical material in 215 soil samples across the floor of the house provide strong evidence of prehistoric human activity areas. The highest concentration of seeds and charcoal in the house was located near the central fire hearth, where cooking and food preparation took place. An east-facing entryway is suggested by the presence of a secondary concentration of seeds and charcoal on the eastern edge of the structure. Analysis also revealed a differential distribution of seed types across the house floor. Higher concentrations of bulrush in the northern area of the floor, away from the hearth, suggest the presence of sleeping mats. Results of this study indicate that plant remains are not evenly distributed through archaeological deposits, therefore care must be taken when sampling for macrobotanical remains. Research at the Bergen site provides the basis for recommendations to assist future archaeologists in determining the best and most cost-effective locations within excavations to take macrobotanical samples.
Committee in charge: Dr. C. Melvin Aikens, Chair; Dr. Theresa O'Neil; Dr. Dennis Jenkins; Dr. Daniel Close
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Schurke, Michael Charles. "Investigating Technological Organization at the Buck Lake Site (45PI438) in Mount Rainier National Park Using a Lithic Debitage Analysis." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/721.

Full text
Abstract:
Few lithic analyses have been conducted or published on collections from Mount Rainier National Park (MORA). This study's lithic debitage analysis, and investigation of hunter-gatherer technological organization through time, contributes to the knowledge base and understanding of how hunter-gatherers used subalpine environments in MORA. The debitage sample is from archaeological excavations between 2005 and 2007 at a Buck Lake Site (45PI438) activity area in the subalpine environmental zone. Two cultural components were examined: the pre-Mount St. Helens Yn tephra component (before 3500 RCYBP) is thought to represent a forager-like mobility strategy and the post-Mount St. Helens Yn tephra component (after 3500 RCYBP) is thought to represent a collector-like strategy. Expectations theoretically grounded in hunter-gatherer mobility, tool design, raw material procurement, site function, and tool function were developed and tested. Results suggest that hunter-gatherers at Buck Lake relied on and maintained small, lightweight, transported bifaces made of nonlocal raw material regardless of expected changes in mobility strategy through time. For both foragers and collectors at Buck Lake, similar lithic raw material availability, terrain, and seasonality constraints and a common resource acquisition goal and overlapping site function resulted in similar hunter-gatherer technological organization strategies. Slight differences between the cultural components include: the use of more local igneous raw material in the forager-like component, the use of a more expedient technology in the collector-like cultural component, and smaller size debitage in the forager-like component. The use of expedient bipolar technology in both cultural components is possible, but only partially supported. Evidence of bipolar technology would suggest that hunter-gatherers were conserving nonlocal CCS by using the bipolar technique on exhausted transported tools or cached cores to produce expedient flakes used for small-game hunting and processing. Further research for the Buck Lake site should include: the sourcing of raw material; conducting experimental lithic reduction on toolstone found at Buck Lake to produce comparative debitage specimens; and increasing the lithic analysis sample size to include debitage recovered from 2008-2009 excavations and other artifact types.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Stroeymeyt, Nathalie. "Information gathering prior to emigration in house-hunting ants." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.529832.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Kawamura, Hiroaki. "Symbolism and materialism in the ecological analysis of hunting, fishing, and gathering practices among the contemporary Nez Perce Indians." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3059275.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Saavedra, Amílcar António Miranda Gomes. "Desporto e participação associativa-clube de caça e pesca do Alto Douro." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas -- -Departamento de Estudos Portugueses, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29486.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Green, Kirsten Anne. "Changes in Osteoarthritis of the Elbow and Shoulder Joints in Women when Trasitioning from Hunting and Gathering to an Agricultural Subsistence." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05292008-183635/.

Full text
Abstract:
Changes in bone morphology have always been a concern of physical anthropologists who are trying to explain a culture's everyday activity. These types of changes, including arthritic and musculoskeletal, are based on subjective observation of the researcher and therefore subject to observer error. I used three samples; the Indian Knoll sample, the Nutwood and Rosedale Mound sample, and a control sample from the Terry collection I was able to employ a scoring method based on Hawkey (1988). This current research uses the scoring method for arthritic changes in women to test for changes in patterns of distribution and/or severity when the women transitioned from hunting and gathering to agriculture. This scoring method provides quantifiable data to use for statistical analysis. The observations and scoring method highlight patterns in osteoarthritis which may be interpretable between and within samples. This research found that no single feature of osteoarthritis is significant on its own but looking at several joints and the emerging patterns we can infer stress level changes and possibly narrow these changes down to the types of subsistence activities the individuals participated in. Understanding the change in women before and after the transition to agriculture allows archaeologists to construct a better picture of the daily activity and labor divisions based on age and sex for the population.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Assunção, Danilo Chagas. "Sambaquis da paleolaguna de Santa Marta: em busca do contexto regional no litoral sul de Santa Catarina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-21062010-100432/.

Full text
Abstract:
Esta dissertação discute o contexto regional de ocupação das populações sambaquieiras do litoral sul do Estado de Santa Catarina em uma área lagunar de formação holocênica que, quando do máximo transgressivo do nível médio marinho, teria tomado a conformação de uma grande baía, com recortes microambientais variados e diversas formações insulares, denominada aqui como Paleolaguna de Santa Marta. Por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas, visitas de campo, levantamentos regionais extensivos, prospecções intensivas e intervenções arqueológicas, foi confeccionado um cadastro contendo informações de todos os sítios conhecidos na área (mais de 90 sambaquis, além de sítios relacionados aos grupos Guarani e Je do Sul), incluindo localização, implantação, estrutura estratigráfica, composição e estado de preservação, tendo-se também datado vários deles. Estes dados propiciaram uma análise de distribuição espacial e cronológica deste conjunto de sambaquis a partir de um enfoque regional, possibilitando inferências acerca do sistema de ocupação e territorialidade das populações pescadoras-caçadoras-coletoras que ali habitaram em um período compreendido entre 7000 e 1000 anos AP.
This dissertation discusses the settlement system of the sambaqui mounbuilders from the southern shores of Santa Catarina between 7000 and 1000 years BP, focusing in a regional level. The lagoonal study area has formerly been an open bay environment by the time of the transgressive maximum sea level, with a wider variety of micro-environmental settings and internal islands. By means of intensive field survey and systematic site intervening, a catalog of sites has been compiled with information on more than 90 sambaquis therein recorded so far (plus a number of later Guarani and southern Je sites), that includes site location and environmental setting, stratigraphy and composition, as well as their preservation conditions. A chronological framework has been established by dating several of these mounds, allowing the modeling of settlement evolution and territorial patterns of this long lasting, transitional, fisher-gatherer society.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Fernandes, António José Serôdio. "O associativismo desportivo no distrito de Vila Real-estudo das colectividades desportivas e seus dirigentes." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTAD-Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29099.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

Guimarães, João Paulo Valadas. "Regime fiscal dos clubes desportivos com estatuto de utilidade pública-estudo dos clubes da cidade do Porto que não participam em competição desportiva profissional." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29443.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Karsikas, L. (Leevi). "Metsästyksen ongelmapuhe." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514285257.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In this treatise I will describe and analyse the problematic dialogue about hunting, which, especially after the Second World War has been on the increase. Some of the critics have even demanded that hunting should be stopped altogether. Hunting is criticised and opposed both on ecological and other grounds. These other grounds include religious, philosophical and ethical considerations. The research material includes sociological, anthropological, philosophical and other scientific literature, general literature, newspapers and articles from magazines, video tapes, fairy tales; all that according to the knowledge of sociology is valid information about the society. The applied methods include discursive analysis, tabulation and mathematical models (Boole's algebra) The second chapter focuses on reviewing and analysing literature; its purpose is to point out how the justification of hunting is perceived especially in recent times. In the next three chapters I will analyse the articles published in Helsingin Sanomat in 1992–1996. The sixth chapter focuses on describing the group of criticisers. The background of those critical views will be discussed in conclusions. Hunting can be restricted by ecological premises when the game stock in question would not stand hunting. We are talking about ecological squandering when the spontaneously renewing natural resources, i.e. game, is left unused when people still need to be fed with food that is ecologically more expensive than food obtainable freely from nature e. g. through hunting. Man's own deontological principles require that, when hunted, animals are not tortured or teased. In the beginning, when food was acquired, the prevailing principle was that of ecological primacy principle and total ecology. All food came straight from nature. Nothing was gained by man's own production. Ecological primacy means that part of the food still comes straight from nature, no matter how slight that part may be. Ecological primacy cannot cease to exist because there will always be nature's own yield, available for man as food. If it is not used, it will result in ecological squandering
Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa kuvaillaan ja analysoidaan metsästyksen ongelmapuheita. Niitä on alkanut lisääntyvästi esiintyä toisen maailmansodan jälkeen. Näissä puheissa kritisoidaan metsästystä aina sen lopettamisen vaatimiseen saakka. Metsästystä arvostellaan ja vastustetaan sekä ekologisilla että muilla perusteilla. Näitä muita perusteita ovat uskonnolliset, filosofiset ja eettiset näkökohdat. Tutkimusaineistona on käytetty sosiologista, antropologista, filosofista ja muuta tieteellistä kirjallisuutta, yleistä kirjallisuutta, sanomalehti- ja muita lehtikirjoituksia, videonauhoja, satuja: kaikkea sitä, joka tiedonsosiologian mukaan käy tiedosta yhteiskunnassa. Menetelminä on käytetty diskurssianalyysiä, taulukointia ja matemaattisia malleja (Boolen algebra). Toisessa luvussa selostetaan ja analysoidaan kirjallisuutta ja pyritään osoittamaan, miten metsästyksen oikeutusta mielletään erityisesti viime aikoina. Seuraavissa kolmessa luvussa analysoidaan Helsingin Sanomissa vuosina 1992–1996 julkaistuja kirjoituksia. Kuudennessa luvussa kuvataan arvostelijoiden ryhmää. Johtopäätöksissä pohditaan sitä, miten noihin kriittisiin kannanottoihin on tultu. Metsästys pyritään mitoittamaan ekologisilla perusteilla, niin että kysymyksessä olevan riistaeläimen kanta kestäisi kulloisenkin metsästyksen. Ekotuhlaus taas on kysymyksessä, kun spontaanisti uusiutuvaa luonnonvaraa, riistaa, jätetään käyttämättä, kun ihmisille on kuitenkin tuotettava ruokaa, joka on ekologisesti selvästi kalliimpaa kuin luonnosta vapaasti esimerkiksi metsästämällä saatava ruoka. Ihmisen oma velvollisuusetiikka vaatii, ettei eläimiä niitä metsästettäessä kiduteta eikä kiusata. Alussa vallitsi ruoan hankinnassa suora luonnon käyttö, ekologinen primariteettiperiaate, jossa kaikki ruoka tuli suoraan luonnosta. Mitään ei saatu ihmisen oman tuotannon tuloksena. Se oli ekototalismia, kun ei vielä viljelty kasveja eikä kasvatetettu karjaa. Nykyäänkin osa ruoasta saadaan yhä suoraan luonnosta. Se voi olla kuinka vähäinen osa tahansa. Tämä suora, osittainen luonnon käyttö, ekoprimarismi, ei voi loppua, koska aina on olemassa luonnon spontaania tuottoa, jota ihminen voi käyttää ruokanaan. Jollei sitä käytetä, aiheutetaan siltä osin turhaa viljelyä ja eläinten kasvatusta. Sellainen on ekotuhlausta
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography