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Journal articles on the topic 'Humoural Immunology and Immunochemistry'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Ruseva, M., M. Gajdeva, K. Takahashi, A. Ezekowitz, S. Thiel, and J. C. Jensenius. "Mannan-Binding Lectin Inhibits Humoural Responses." Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 59, no. 6 (June 28, 2008): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01423an.x.

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2

Borek, F. "Advanced immunochemistry." Journal of Immunological Methods 138, no. 2 (April 1991): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(91)90182-f.

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3

Nybo, Kristie. "Immunology and Immunochemistry: ELISA." BioTechniques 49, no. 2 (August 2010): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/000113475.

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4

Kofler, Reinhard. "Advanced immunochemistry." Molecular Immunology 29, no. 2 (February 1992): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0161-5890(92)90112-b.

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5

Stollar, B. David. "Immunochemistry of DNA." International Reviews of Immunology 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08830188909086987.

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6

Kościelak, Jerzy. "Immunology and immunochemistry of glycoconjugates." Biochimie 70, no. 11 (November 1988): 1703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(88)90311-2.

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7

Johnstone, Alan. "Analytical techniques in immunochemistry." Journal of Immunological Methods 158, no. 2 (February 1993): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(93)90225-v.

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8

Salinas, G. F., L. D. Rycke, T. Cantaert, M. van de Burg, B. Barendregt, P. Remans, P. P. Tak, and D. Baeten. "TNF blockade impairs T cell dependent humoural responses." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 69, Suppl 2 (March 1, 2010): A13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.129585f.

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9

Krilis, S. A. "Immunochemistry of antiphospholipid antibodies." Clinical Immunology Newsletter 11, no. 3 (March 1991): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-1859(91)90027-p.

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10

Potter, Nicholas T., and Marjorie B. Lees. "Immunochemistry of the myelin proteolipid protein." Journal of Neuroimmunology 16, no. 1 (September 1987): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-5728(87)90348-1.

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11

Van Epps, Heather L. "How Heidelberger and Avery sweetened immunology." Journal of Experimental Medicine 202, no. 10 (November 21, 2005): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem20210fta.

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In 1923, a young chemist-turned-microbiologist and his mentor made the startling discovery that bacterial sugars could be targeted by the immune system—a groundbreaking finding that helped launch the field of immunochemistry.

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12

Nybo, Kristie. "Immunology and Immunochemistry: Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)." BioTechniques 49, no. 1 (July 2010): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/000113462.

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13

Janckila, Anthony J., and Lung T. Yam. "Anti-TRAP 14G6 is Effective for Immunochemistry." Hybridoma 17, no. 5 (October 1998): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hyb.1998.17.487.

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14

Chen, X., J. Zhang, X. Feng, X. Chen, S. Yin, H. Wen, and S. Zheng. "Humoural immune response and pathological analysis in patients with false immune diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis." Parasite Immunology 36, no. 4 (March 7, 2014): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pim.12096.

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15

Demas, Gregory E., and Sangeeta Sakaria. "Leptin regulates energetic tradeoffs between body fat and humoural immunity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 272, no. 1574 (July 26, 2005): 1845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3126.

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16

Aucouturier, Pierre, Nathalie Pineau, Jean-Christophe Brugier, Edith Mihaesco, Françoise Duarte, Frantisek Skvaril, and Jean-Louis Preud'homme. "Jacalin: A new laboratory tool in immunochemistry and cellular immunology." Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 3, no. 4 (1989): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.1860030409.

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17

Fomsgaard, J. S., A. Fomsgaard, N. Høiby, B. Bruun, and C. Galanos. "Comparative immunochemistry of lipopolysaccharides from Branhamella catarrhalis strains." Infection and Immunity 59, no. 9 (1991): 3346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.59.9.3346-3349.1991.

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18

Conway De Macario, Everly, and Alberto J. L. Macario. "Immunology of archaebacteria: Identification, antigenic relationships and immunochemistry of surface structures." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 7, no. 2-3 (May 1986): 320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0723-2020(86)80026-1.

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19

DEVINE, PETER L., GEOFFREY W. BIRRELL, RACHEL J. QUIN, JOHN HAYMAN, and PAUL W. SHIELD. "Production of CEA-Reactive Monoclonal Antibody (4E7) and Its Applications in Immunochemistry." Hybridoma 14, no. 4 (August 1995): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hyb.1995.14.397.

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20

Yamada, Yasuhiro, Hirosada Miyake, Eishi Nishimoto, Hiroaki Mitsuya, and Yuji Yonemura. "Identification of Hepatic Progenitors Having No Hematopoietic Potential in Murine Bone Marrow." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 1684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.1684.1684.

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Abstract We recently reported that when Sca-1+ c-Kit− bone marrow cells (BMCs) were co-cultured with fetal liver cells (FLCs) on laminin-coated dishes, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-expressing BMCs became completely adherent by day 3 and expressed albumin as assessed with immunochemistry and RNA-PCR (Yamada et al., Exp Hematol. 34: 97, 2006). In the current study, we attempted to further delineate the characteristics of BMCs that differentiate into hepatic-like cells. It was found that AFP-expressing cells were in CD5+ or B220+ lymphoid lineage, mostly Sca-1+CD5+ lineage, expressing AFP. When cKit+Sca-1+ lineage− BMCs (KSLs), which did not express AFP, were cocultured with CD5+ BMCs, both from green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing transgenic mice, in the presence of FLCs from ROSA26 mice (X-gal+ FLCs), fractionated cells gave rise to adherent hepatic-like cells, which expressed albumin and cytokeratin 8 (assessed with immunochemistry) and AFP, albumin, transthyretin and dipeptidylpeptidase IV (examined with RNA-PCR). The hepatic-like cells from KSLs and CD5+ BMCs emerged at the frequency of 1 in 50 and 1x103 as assessed with titration assay. However, CD5+ Mac-1− Gr-1− Ter119− BMCs did not differentiate into hepatic-like cells. CD5+ CD45− cells differentiated into hepatic-like cells without fusion at the frequency of 1 in 300 but CD5+ CD45+ cells did not. CD5+ CD45− cells hardly produced hematopoietic colonies as compared with CD5+ CD45+ cells did. In conclusion, we have shown that KSLs and CD5+ CD45− cells exposed to FLCs are capable of generating hepatic-like cells, which expressed albumin as assessed with immunochemistry and RNA-PCR. We should further explore whether CD5+ CD45− cells emerge from hematopoietic stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells.

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21

Stercz, Balázs, Harry Perlstadt, Károly Nagy, and József Ongrádi. "Immunochemistry of adenoviruses: Limitations and new horizons of gene therapy." Acta Microbiologica et Immunologica Hungarica 60, no. 4 (December 2013): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/amicr.60.2013.4.6.

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22

Suter, Mark, and John E. Butler. "The immunochemistry of sandwich ELISAs. II. A novel system prevents the denaturation of capture antibodies." Immunology Letters 13, no. 6 (November 1986): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2478(86)90064-7.

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23

del Agua, Celia, Araceli Rubio-Martinez, Francesc Filipo, Miguel A. Piris, and Pilar Giraldo. "Mycosis Fungoide: Immunochemistry Analysis of Lymphoid and Microenvironment Cells by Macrotissue Array." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 4400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.4400.4400.

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Abstract Aims: Cutaneous lymphomas (CL) represent a unique group of lymphomas and are the second most frequent extranodal lymphomas. CL probably is the result of a multifactor and multistep process. Firstly an inflammatory reactive process is developing secondary to various chronic stimuli that may be genetic, environmental, infectious and immunologic. The consequences are the negative effects in cell regulation and deregulation of oncogenes and/or suppressor genes later promotes transition from pre-neoplastic conditions to neoplasia. Detailed molecular expression analysis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma is not available. Some oncogenic alterations have been demonstrated, such as functional inactivation of the Fas receptor, constitutive activity of STAT 3, or the inactivation of the p16 gene via deletion or promoter hypermethylation. Objective: To study the expression of p16, c-myc, Ki67, bcl-2, CD1a, CD123, TCL1, CD68, STAT 3, STAT 4 and MAL1 in an homogeneous group of. CL diagnosed in a general Hospital in order to know more about the expression of these markers in this neoplastic process. Design: retrospective, analytical study in 30 CL diagnosed consecutively as Mycosis Fungoide (14 early and 16 advanced stages) since January 2005 to December 2006. A macrotissue array technique by incubation with monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemistry protocol to visualize by avidin-biotin peroxidases was applied in all paraffin histological samples. A semi quantitative method was applied in order to categorize the positive cells. Results: In 28 samples (92%) we have observed p16 positive over expression, the two negative samples corresponding to early affectation. In 14 samples from early stages (48%) c-myc was negative. In 29 samples (96%) CD1a was positive in dermal and epidermal layer. CD123 (interleukine 3 receptor) was negative in 16 samples (52%) and TCL1 was positive in 12 cases (39%) in small cells with oval and cleaved nucleus and scarce cytoplasm. STAT3 and STAT4 were positive in 29 cases (97%), Over expression of MAL1 (48%) was observed in advanced patients with aggressive CL. Conclusions: In our study an over expression of p16 is observed in the majority of cases and high c-myc expression in advanced stages. Probably dendritic plasmacytic cells are involved in the pathogenesis of skin lymphoproliferative disorders with cutaneous T cell infiltration. MAL1 could be a predictor of aggressive CL but it is necessary more studies and more cases in order to confirm it.

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24

Kawamura, Takuji, Kana Amamiya, Naonori Inoue, Naokuni Sakiyama, Yusuke Okada, Kasumi Sanada, Mai Kamaguchi, et al. "Risk for Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Serially Positive Fecal Immunochemistry Test in an Annual Screening Program." Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon 5, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23922/jarc.2020-094.

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25

Jennings, R. "Immunochemistry of viruses II. The basis for serodiagnosis and vaccines." Vaccine 9, no. 9 (September 1991): 692–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(91)90207-m.

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26

Moscovitch-Lopatin, Miriam. "Winner of the 2021 Journal of Immunoassay & Immunochemistry Early Career Research Prize." Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry 43, no. 3 (May 4, 2022): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15321819.2022.2075624.

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27

Garcia, Nicholas W., Timothy J. Greives, Devin A. Zysling, Susannah S. French, Emily M. Chester, and Gregory E. Demas. "Exogenous insulin enhances humoural immune responses in short-day, but not long-day, Siberian hamsters ( Phodopus sungorus )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1691 (March 17, 2010): 2211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.2230.

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Many animals experience marked seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions. In response, animals display adaptive alterations in physiology and behaviour, including seasonal changes in immune function. During winter, animals must reallocate finite energy stores from relatively costly, less exigent systems (e.g. reproduction and immunity) to systems critical for immediate survival (e.g. thermoregulation). Seasonal changes in immunity are probably mediated by neuroendocrine factors signalling current energetic state. One potential hormonal candidate is insulin, a metabolic hormone released in response to elevated blood glucose levels. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential role of insulin in signalling energy status to the immune system in a seasonally breeding animal, the Siberian hamster ( Phodopus sungorus ). Specifically, exogenous insulin was administered to male hamsters housed in either long ‘summer-like’ or short ‘winter-like’ days. Animals were then challenged with an innocuous antigen and immune responses were measured. Insulin treatment significantly enhanced humoural immune responses in short, but not long days. In addition, insulin treatment increased food intake and decreased blood glucose levels across photoperiodic treatments. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that insulin acts as an endocrine signal integrating seasonal energetic changes and immune responses in seasonally breeding rodents.

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28

Clemetson, K. J., J. L. McGregor, R. P. McEver, Y. V. Jacques, D. F. Bainton, W. Domzig, and M. Baggiolini. "Absence of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/IIIa from monocytes." Journal of Experimental Medicine 161, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 972–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.161.5.972.

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Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis were used in the investigation of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa in platelets, monocytes, and monocyte-derived macrophages from human blood. All techniques detected the glycoproteins in platelets but not in the mononuclear phagocytes. Similar results were obtained by immunochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against the platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa (revealed by a gold-labeled second antibody) which bound heavily to the platelet but not to the monocyte surface. The biochemical techniques used for the analysis of mononuclear phagocytes would have reliably detected the level of glycoproteins IIb/IIIa contributed by a 5% contamination with platelets, calculated on a per cell basis. We conclude that human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages lack glycoproteins IIb/IIIa. Our results further indicate that centrifugal elutriation yields monocyte preparations with minimal contamination by platelets. It seems likely that the positive results obtained by other authors were due to the presence of platelets or fragments on the monocytes.

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29

Bingham, C. O., W. Rizzo, M. Klearman, A. Hassanali, R. Upmanyu, and A. Kivitz. "FRI0106 Preliminary results from a controlled trial (VISARA) to evaluate the humoural immune response to vaccines in RA patients treated with tocilizumab (TCZ)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, Suppl 3 (June 2013): 345.2–346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2563.

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30

White, P. J., F. Anastasopoulos, J. E. Church, C. Y. Kuo, B. J. Boyd, P. L. C. Hickey, L. Sze Tu, et al. "Generic construction of single component particles that elicit humoural and cellular immune responses without the need for adjuvants." Vaccine 26, no. 52 (December 2008): 6824–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.087.

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31

Peterman, Jeffery H., Peter J. Tarcha, Victor P. Chu, and J. E. Butler. "The immunochemistry of sandwich-ELISAs IV. The antigen capture capacity of antibody covalently attached to bromoacetyl surface-functionalized polystyrene." Journal of Immunological Methods 111, no. 2 (July 1988): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(88)90136-6.

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32

Norrby, E., D. E. Parks, G. Utter, R. A. Houghten, and R. A. Lerner. "Immunochemistry of the dominating antigenic region Ala582 to Cys604 in the transmembranous protein of simian and human immunodeficiency virus." Journal of Immunology 143, no. 11 (December 1, 1989): 3602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.143.11.3602.

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Abstract The immunochemistry of two homologous uniquely antigenic peptides representing Ala582 to Cys604 in the transmembrane proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus of rhesus macaque origin, SIVmac (closely related to HIV-2) and HIV-1 (strain HTLV-IIIB) was characterized at the resolution of single amino acids. Five different antigenic sites were identified in the SIVmac peptide by use of 34 mAb against this peptide and two different sites were similarly demonstrated in the HIV-1 peptide by use of 10 peptide-specific mAb. Within some sites the mAb could be subgrouped to show a progressively more narrow epitopic dependence on amino acids in the central part of the site. Three SIVmac peptide mAbs had a remarkably narrow amino acid dependence, Glu584 and Tyr586. Anti-peptide mAbs reacting with the site Trp596 to Gln602 effectively blocked the capacity of the peptide to react with human postinfection HIV-2 antibodies previously demonstrated to have a restricted reactivity involving this site. No similar blocking was seen when mAb specific for Leu587 to Gln590 were used except with a single broadly reacting HIV-2 serum, which depended on an amino acid at a distance of only 6 residues, Trp596. A cross-reacting site involving amino acids Ala582 to Glu588/Lys588 was identified with mAb and rabbit hyperimmune sera against the two peptides. This site was not accessible in the intact transmembrane proteins as determined by ELISA and Western blot tests. Antipeptide mAb against other sites as well as rabbit sera reacted strongly in these tests and can be used as type-specific, component-unique reagents.

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33

Edberg, J. C., G. A. Kujala, and R. P. Taylor. "Clearance kinetics and immunochemistry in rabbits of soluble antibody/DNA immune complexes. Effects of antibody class and DNA conformation." Journal of Immunology 139, no. 1 (July 1, 1987): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.139.1.180.

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Abstract We examined the clearance kinetics in rabbits of soluble antibody/DNA immune complexes (IC) containing either IgG or IgM anti-DNA antibodies. Differences in the complement-mediated binding of these IC to rabbit blood cells (platelets) were also studied. Complexation of either double-stranded (ds) or single-stranded (ss) DNA with IgG anti-DNA tends to preclude in vivo DNA recognition mechanisms; the DNA is cleared as part of an IC at a rate slower than that of free DNA. Binding of ds- or ssDNA by IgM anti-DNA antibodies leads to formation of IC which are cleared more like free DNA, and this effect is most evident for ssDNA. However, although both IgG- and IgM-containing IC bound rapidly to blood cells in vivo, significant differences in their immunochemistry were apparent. For example, the DNA in IgM-containing IC was more susceptible to both in vivo and in vitro degradation. In addition, the binding of IgM-containing IC to rabbit platelets and human red blood cells was considerably more labile. Based on this systematic investigation of the soluble antibody/DNA IC that can potentially form in the circulation of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, it should be possible to formulate predictions regarding the relative pathogenic potential of these IC.

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34

Hamilton, Andrew John, Mary Denise Holdom, and Lisa Jeavons. "Expression of the Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase ofAspergillus fumigatusas determined by immunochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy." FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology 14, no. 2-3 (June 1996): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695x.1996.tb00275.x.

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35

Yamada, Yasuhiro, Hirosada Miyake, Eishi Nishimoto, Hiroaki Mitsuya, and Yuji Yonemura. "Hepatogenic Potential of Stem Cells and Lymphoid Precursors." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.1696.1696.

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Abstract Several research groups have recently reported that certain bone marrow cells (BMCs) differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro as well as in vivo in rodents through both transdifferentiation and cell fusion. Hematopoietic myelomonocytic cells are thought to be the major source of hepatocyte fusion partners in the tyrosinaemia type I mouce transplantation model. Transdifferentiation of murine BMCs can be induced with various cytokines and extracellular matrix. We previously reported that when Sca-1+ BMCs were co-cultured with fetal liver cells (FLCs) on laminin-coated dishes, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-expressing BMCs became completely adherent by day 4 and expressed albumin as assessed with immunochemistry and RNA-PCR (Yamada et al., Exp Hematol. in press). In the present study, we attempted to further delineate the characteristics of BMCs that differentiate into hepatic-like cells. It was found that AFP-expressing cells were in CD5+ or B220+ lymphoid lineage, mostly Sca-1+CD5+ lineage and that CD5+CD4−CD8− and CD5+CD4+CD8+ thymocytes expressed AFP. When cKit+Sca-1+ lineage BMCs (KSLs) which did not express AFP, CD5+ BMCs, and CD5+ thymocytes, all from green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing transgenic mice, were co-cultured with FLCs from ROSA26 mice (X-gal+ FLCs), fractionated cells gave rise to adherent hepatic-like cells, which expressed albumin and cytokeratin 8 (CK 8) as assessed with immunochemistry and AFP, albumin, transthyretin and dipeptidylpeptidase IV as examined with RNA-PCR. The hepatic-like cells from KSLs, CD5+ BMCs and CD5+ thymocytes emerged at the frequency of 1 in 50, 1x103 and 3.5x105 by titration assay. These data suggest that AFP-expressing cells in BMCs were derived from hematopoietic stem cells and that lymphoid precursors differentiated into hepatic-like cells and their hepatogenic ability could diminish over lymphoid maturation.

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36

Rutault, K., M. J. Vacheron, M. Guinand, and G. Michel. "Comparative immunochemistry of two fragments from domains Ib and III of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A." Infection and Immunity 61, no. 12 (1993): 5417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.61.12.5417-5420.1993.

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37

Li, Xiaolin, Jie Fu, Yan Xue, Yang Yang, Yang Wang, and Cixian Zhang. "Primary Granulocytic Sarcoma:A Allo-Transplantation Case Report and Literature Review." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 4368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4368.4368.

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Abstract Abstract 4368 Objective To investigate the effect of allogeneic transplantation in treating primary granulocytic sarcoma. Methods We report the diagnosis and treatment of one patient with primary granulocytic sarcoma and review the related articles. Results Firstly appeared as one isolated tumor in breast, the disease was diagnosed by pathological methods with immunochemistry positive stain in MPO, CD68(KP-1) and bacteriolysis enzyme. After radical operation on sick breast, the patient was treated with four courses chemotherapy according to that of acute granulocytic leukemia,then followed by matched sibling transplantation. After 6 months follow-up, the patients is still in complete remission. Conclusion If having suitable donor, patient with primary granulocytic sarcoma shoud be treated with allogeneic transplantation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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38

von Hunolstein, C., S. D'Ascenzi, B. Wagner, J. Jelínková, G. Alfarone, S. Recchia, M. Wagner, and G. Orefici. "Immunochemistry of capsular type polysaccharide and virulence properties of type VI Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococci)." Infection and Immunity 61, no. 4 (1993): 1272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.61.4.1272-1280.1993.

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39

Suter, M., J. E. Butler, and J. H. Peterman. "The immunochemistry of sandwich elisas—III. The stoichiometry and efficacy of the protein-avidin-biotin capture (PABC) system." Molecular Immunology 26, no. 3 (March 1989): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0161-5890(89)90075-8.

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40

Kalwar, Qudratullah, Min Chu, Anum Ali Ahmad, Lin Xiong, Yongfeng Zhang, Xuezhi Ding, and Ping Yan. "Expressional Profiling of TEX11, ESRα and BOLL Genes in Yak under Different Feeding Conditions." Biology 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10080731.

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Previous studies have demonstrated that nutrition plays a crucial part in improving the reproductive potential of farm animals; however, there is currently no research on the transcription and expression profiling of genes in yaks under different feeding conditions. Therefore, this research was planned to compare the transcription and expression profiles of TEX11, ESRα, and BOLL in yaks under natural grazing with concentrate supplementation (NG + CS) and NG without concentrate supplementation. The transcription and expressional levels of TEX11, ESRα, and BOLL mRNA were explored from the testes of yaks using qPCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunochemistry. The results of the qPCR illustrated that the transcription levels of TEX11, ESRα, and BOLL were upregulated in the NG + CS group compared to those in the NG group. Moreover, the results of the immunochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the expression of TEX11, ESRα, and BOLL proteins increased after concentrate supplementation. Meanwhile, ESRα protein levels were lower in the testes and epididymides of yaks in the NG group than in those in the NG + CS group. Similarly, BOLL protein expression was higher in the testes and epididymides of the NG + CS group, but its expression was lower in the epididymides of the NG group. Furthermore, Western blotting showed that the molecular weights of ESRα and BOLL proteins were 64 kDa and 31 kDa, respectively. Finally, in the conclusion we summarize how a proper level of dietary energy supplementation can improve the reproductive potential of yaks by upregulating genes related to reproduction.

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41

Joshi, Kalpana S., L. G. Hoffmann, and J. E. Butler. "The immunochemistry of sandwich ELISAs—V. The capture antibody performance of polyclonal antibody-enriched fractions prepared by various methods." Molecular Immunology 29, no. 7-8 (July 1992): 971–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0161-5890(92)90136-l.

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42

Ayakawa, G. Y., J. L. Siegel, P. J. Crowley, and A. S. Bleiweis. "Immunochemistry of the Streptococcus mutans BHT cell membrane: detection of determinants cross-reactive with human heart tissue." Infection and Immunity 48, no. 2 (1985): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.48.2.280-286.1985.

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43

Hou, Nan, Ying Liu, Ying Ju, Xiaoning Zhang, Di Zhao, and Zhenyu Zhang. "TIM-3 is involved in NO imbalance of Atherosclerosis through the IkappaB/NF-kappaB Pathway (91.6)." Journal of Immunology 182, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2009): 91.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.91.6.

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Abstract TIM-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3) is proved to regulate the immune system in many inflammaroty diseases. However, the role of TIM-3 on atherosclerosis has not been studied. We found TIM-3 was highly expressed on monocytes/macrophages of human peripheral blood,but low on T cells, either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. And the level of Tim-3 expression on monocytes/macropahges from patients with atherosclerotic disease was higher than that from healthy subjects (93.35¡À12.14% vs 81.04¡À 24.07%,t=4.968,P<0.0001). Immunochemistry staining demonstrated the upregualtion of Tim-3 on RAW264.7, a macrophage like cell line, incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or LPS. Moreover, Tim-3 blocking antibody acted as an adjuvant during Nitic oxide (NO) production of RAW 264.7.Consistent to that,overexpresstion of Tim-3 by transfection inhibited NO production of RAW264.7.Futher study showed Tim-3 blocking antibody enhanced phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 and degradation of IkappaB.Thus TIM-3 inhibits NO production of macrophages mainly through the IkappaB/NF-kappaB pathway and is involved in NO imbalance in Atherosclerosis. correspondence to: Professor Chunhong Ma, Institute of Immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine.E-mail address: machunhong@sdu.edu.cn.

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Tscherning-Casper, Charlotte, Nikos Papadogiannakis, Maria Anvret, Lisa Stolpe, Susanne Lindgren, Ann Britt Bohlin, Jan Albert, and Eva Maria Fenyö. "The Trophoblastic Epithelial Barrier Is Not Infected in Full-Term Placentae of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Mothers Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy." Journal of Virology 73, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 9673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.11.9673-9678.1999.

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ABSTRACT To study the mechanism of the placental barrier function, we examined 10 matched samples of term placentae, cord blood, and maternal blood obtained at delivery from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers with children diagnosed as HIV negative in Sweden. All placentae were histologically normal, and immunochemistry for HIV type 1 p24 and gp120 antigens was negative. Highly purified trophoblasts (93 to 99% purity) were negative for HIV DNA and RNA, indicating that the trophoblasts were uninfected. Although HIV DNA was detected in placenta-derived T lymphocytes and monocytes, microsatellite analysis showed that these cells were a mixture of maternal and fetal cells. Our study indicates that the placental barrier, i.e., the trophoblastic layer, is not HIV infected and, consequently, HIV infection of the fetus is likely to occur through other routes, such as breaks in the placental barrier.

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Plum, J., M. De Smedt, MP Defresne, G. Leclercq, and B. Vandekerckhove. "Human CD34+ fetal liver stem cells differentiate to T cells in a mouse thymic microenvironment." Blood 84, no. 5 (September 1, 1994): 1587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v84.5.1587.bloodjournal8451587.

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Hematopoietic stem cells differentiate in the thymus to T cells along precisely defined intermediates. This process is thymic epithelium dependent and involves cytokines and cell-cell interactions between thymic stroma and T-cell precursors. Here we report that highly purified human CD34++ fetal liver stem cells differentiate to mature T cells, when seeded into isolated fetal thymic lobes of severe combined immunodeficient mice, and subsequently cultured in vitro. The human stem cells differentiate sequentially into CD4+CD8-CD3-, CD4+CD8+CD3-, CD4+CD8+CD3+, and finally, CD4+CD8-CD3+4 and CD4-CD8+CD3++ cells. Phenotypic analysis for additional maturation markers showed that these CD4 and CD8 single-positive thymocytes are fully maturate cells. By immunochemistry, human HLA-DR+ cells with a dendritic morphology could be detected. This novel chimeric human-mouse fetal thymus organ culture offers a tool to study human T-cell ontogeny in vitro and is a rapid and reliable test method for T-cell precursor activity of cultured or transfected human stem cells.

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Chen, Tiantian, Xiaoxia Hou, Yingmeng Ni, Wei Du, Huize Han, Youchao Yu, and Guochao Shi. "The Imbalance of FOXP3/GATA3 in Regulatory T Cells from the Peripheral Blood of Asthmatic Patients." Journal of Immunology Research 2018 (June 14, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3096183.

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Background. Treg cells play an important role in the pathogenic progress of asthma. Objective. To address the alterations of Treg cells in asthma. Methods. Proliferation-and function-associated markers of Treg cells along with the percentage of Treg cells producing some cytokine from asthmatics and healthy subjects were analyzed by flow cytometry. Besides, the expressions of USP21 and PIM2 in Treg cells were measured by cell immunochemistry after Treg cells were sorted. Results. Treg cells from asthmatic patients showed lower proliferation activity and were more likely to be apoptotic. These cells expressed lower levels of GITR, CTLA-4, Nrp-1, and IL-10 compared to those from the healthy control. Th2-like Treg cells increased in asthmatic patients, while the percentage of IFN-r+ Treg cells was similar between two groups. Moreover, the percentage of IL-4+ Treg cells is related to the asthma control. Treg cells from asthmatic patients expressed more FOXP3 as well as GATA3; the expression level of GATA3 negatively correlated with FEV1%pred. Increased expressions of USP21 and PIM2 in Treg cells from asthmatic patients were found. Conclusion. Treg cells decreased in asthmatic patients, with an impaired immunosupression function and a Th2-like phenotype, which may be due to overexpression of GATA3 and FOXP3, regulated by USP21 and PIM2, respectively.

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Tanigaki, Nobuyuki, Roberto Tosi, Jack L. Strominger, and James Cooper. "Immunochemistry of the HLA class II molecules isolated from a mouse cell transfected with DQ alpha and beta genes from a DR4 haplotype." Immunogenetics 26, no. 1-2 (1987): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00345453.

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Agostini, Carlo, Marco Cassatella, Renato Zambello, Livio Trentin, Sara Gasperini, Alessandra Perin, Francesco Piazza, et al. "Involvement of the IP-10 Chemokine in Sarcoid Granulomatous Reactions." Journal of Immunology 161, no. 11 (December 1, 1998): 6413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.11.6413.

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Abstract The accumulation of T cells and monocytes at sites of ongoing inflammation represents the earliest step in the series of events that lead to granuloma formation in sarcoidosis. In this study, we evaluated the pulmonary production of IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), a CXC chemokine that stimulates the directional migration of activated T cells. Striking levels of IP-10 were demonstrated in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of 24 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and lymphocytic alveolitis, as compared with patients with inactive disease or control subjects. A positive correlation was demonstrated between IP-10 levels and the number of sarcoid CD45R0+/CD4+ cells in the BAL. Immunochemistry, performed with an anti-human IP-10 polyclonal Ab in lymph nodes displaying prominent sarcoid granulomas, showed that cells bearing IP-10 were mainly epithelioid cells and CD68+ macrophages located inside granulomatous areas. Macrophages recovered from the BAL of sarcoid patients stained positive for IP-10 protein. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages isolated from sarcoid patients with T cell alveolitis and cultured for 24 h in presence of IFN-γ secreted definite levels of IP-10 capable of inducing T cell chemiotaxis. Interestingly, alveolar lymphocytes recovered from patients with active sarcoidosis were CD4+ T cells expressing Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and high levels of CXCR3. Taken together, these data suggest the potential role of IP-10 in regulating the migration and activation of T cells toward sites of sarcoid inflammatory process and the consequent granuloma formation.

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Hoel, Ida Marie, Iman A. Mohammed Ali, Sheeba Ishtiaq, Lisbet Sviland, Harald Wiker, and Tehmina Mustafa. "Immunochemistry-Based Diagnosis of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis: A Strategy for Large-Scale Production of MPT64-Antibodies for Use in the MPT64 Antigen Detection Test." Antibodies 10, no. 3 (August 26, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib10030034.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. The immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based MPT64 antigen detection test has shown promising results for diagnosing extrapulmonary TB in previous studies. However, the anti-MPT64 antibody currently used in the test is in limited supply, and reproduction of a functional antibody is a prerequisite for further large-scale use. Various antigen-adjuvant combinations and immunisation protocols were tested in mice and rabbits to generate monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Antibodies were screened in IHC, and the final new antibody was validated on clinical human specimens. We were not able to generate monoclonal antibodies that were functional in IHC, but we obtained multiple functional polyclonal antibodies through careful selection of antigen-adjuvant and comprehensive screening in IHC of both pre-immune sera and antisera. To overcome the limitation of batch-to-batch variability with polyclonal antibodies, the best performing individual polyclonal antibodies were pooled to one final large-volume new anti-MPT64 antibody. The sensitivity of the new antibody was in the same range as the reference antibody, while the specificity was somewhat reduced. Our results suggest that it possible to reproduce a large-volume functional polyclonal antibody with stable performance, thereby securing stable supplies and reproducibility of the MPT64 test, albeit further validation remains to be done.

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Bahraoui, E., M. El Ayeb, J. Van Rietschoten, H. Rochat, and C. Granier. "Immunochemistry of scorpion α-toxins: Study with synthetic peptides of the antigenicity of four regions of toxin II of Androctonus australis Hector." Molecular Immunology 23, no. 4 (April 1986): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0161-5890(86)90133-1.

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