Journal articles: 'Humile'

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Cordonnier, Marion, Olivier Blight, Elena Angulo, and Franck Courchamp. "The Native Ant Lasius niger Can Limit the Access to Resources of the Invasive Argentine Ant." Animals 10, no. 12 (December 21, 2020): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122451.

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Within ant communities, the biotic resistance of native species against invasive ones is expected to be rare, because invasive species are often highly dominant competitors. The invasive Argentine ant (Linepithema humile (Mayr)) often demonstrated numerical dominance against its opponents, increased aggressiveness, and ability to quickly recruit to food. The present study aimed to assess the behavioral mechanisms involved in the interspecific competition between L. humile, facing either an invasive species (Lasius neglectus Van Loon, Boomsma and Andrásfalvy) or a native dominant species (Lasius niger (Linnaeus)). The resource exploitation by the Argentine ant was investigated during one-hour competitive interactions using 10 dead Drosophila flies as prey. When facing La. niger, L. humile exploratory behavior was strongly inhibited, it brought very few prey resources, and killed few opponents. Conversely, La. neglectus had a low impact on L. humile. Contrarily to expectations, the invasive La. neglectus lacked the ability to hinder L. humile resource exploitation, whereas the native La. niger did. These results suggest that La. niger could impact invasive populations of L. humile by interference competition, perhaps better so than some invasive species. While L. humile has become invasive in Southern Europe, the invasion process could be slowed down in the northern latitudes by such native dominant species.

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Rodriguez-Cabal, Mariano A., Katharine L. Stuble, Martin A. Nuñez, and Nathan J. Sanders. "Quantitative analysis of the effects of the exotic Argentine ant on seed-dispersal mutualisms." Biology Letters 5, no. 4 (May 22, 2009): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0297.

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Although it is increasingly clear that exotic invasive species affect seed-dispersal mutualisms, a synthetic examination of the effect of exotic invasive species on seed-dispersal mutualisms is lacking. Here, we review the impacts of the invasive Argentine ant ( Linepithema humile ) on seed dispersal. We found that sites with L. humile had 92 per cent fewer native ant seed dispersers than did sites where L. humile was absent. In addition, L. humile did not replace native seed dispersers, as rates of seed removal and seedling establishment were all lower in the presence of L. humile than in its absence. We conclude that potential shifts in plant diversity and concomitant changes in ecosystem function may be a consequence of Argentine ant invasions, as well as invasions by other ant species. Because very few studies have examined the effects of non-ant invasive species on seed-dispersal mutualisms, the prevalence of disruption of seed-dispersal mutualisms by invasive species is unclear.

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Fer, A., P. Simier, MC Arnaud, L. Rey, and S. Renaudin. "Carbon Acquisition and Metabolism in a Root Hemiparasitic Angiosperm, Thesium humile (Santalaceae) Growing on Wheat (Triticum vulgare)." Functional Plant Biology 20, no. 1 (1993): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9930015.

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Thesium humile Vahl (Santalaceae) is a root-hemiparasite which causes economic losses in cereal crops in the Mediterranean countries. O2 exchange measurements showed that photosynthesis does occur in Thesium. Experiments using 14CO2 gave additional evidence of the photosynthetic capacity of T. humile at both preparasitic and parasitic stages; roots of T. humile, unlike those of non-parasitic plants, exhibited a low sink strength for photosynthates. The end product of photosynthesis in T. humile is mannitol which is also the main carbohydrate translocated in the phloem. Nevertheless, feeding host leaf with [3H]glucose clearly demonstrated that the parasite, in spite of its photosynthetic capacity, remained dependent upon its host for an additional supply of reduced carbon. Moreover, in isolated T. humile shoots supplied with [14C]sucrose via the transpiration stream, the absorbed sucrose was rapidly converted into mannitol. Thus the parasite would be able to convert sucrose derived from the host plant into mannitol. The present work gives clear evidence that mannitol can be regarded as the major soluble carbohydrate in the carbon metabolism and in the translocation of reduced carbon in T. humile. The mannitol synthesis pathway might be a metabolic target for the chemical control of this parasite in cereals, in which this polyol has never been detected.

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Tena, A., C. D. Hoddle, and M. S. Hoddle. "Competition between honeydew producers in an ant–hemipteran interaction may enhance biological control of an invasive pest." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 6 (August 14, 2013): 714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531300045x.

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AbstractAsian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an invasive citrus pest in southern California, which secretes honeydew and has the potential to spread a lethal bacterial disease, huanglongbing, of citrus. In urban citrus, Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), also an invasive pest, tends honeydew-producing hemipterans. We used field data to determine whether the mutualistic relationship between L. humile and six established species of honeydew producers may hinder or favor the establishment of D. citri and its biological control with Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in citrus via competition or mutualism for ants, respectively. In the field, L. humile and D. citri are engaged in a mutualistic relationship. Ants harvest solid honeydew secreted by psyllid nymphs and tended more than 55% of observed D. citri colonies. Linepithema humile displayed a preference hierarchy when tending honeydew producers infesting citrus. It responded equally or less intensively to D. citri than to other honeydew-producing species. Consequently, the mutualism between L. humile and D. citri was affected by the presence of other honeydew-producing species, and the percentage of D. citri colonies tended by L. humile. The number of ants per D. citri colony also decreased as the number of other honeydew producers increased. Diaphorina citri density was also affected by the presence of other honeydew producers. Both colony size and the number of D. citri nymphs counted per tree decreased as the number of other honeydew producers increased. Our results indicate that competition between honeydew producers for the mutualist ant L. humile may hinder the establishment of D. citri by possibly facilitating increased biological control.

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Yamada, Akiyoshi, Daisei Kitamura, Masanobu Setoguchi, Yosuke Matsuda, Yasushi Hashimoto, Norihisa Matsushita, and Masaki Fukuda. "Monotropastrum humile var. humile is associated with diverse ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae fungi in Japanese forests." Ecological Research 23, no. 6 (February 22, 2008): 983–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0463-7.

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Sakamoto, Yoshiko, Takehiko I. Hayashi, Maki N. Inoue, Hitoshi Ohnishi, Toshio Kishimoto, and Koichi Goka. "Effects of Fipronil on Non-target Ants and Other Invertebrates in a Program for Eradication of the Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile." Sociobiology 66, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.3772.

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Pesticides are frequently used to eradicate invasive ant species, but pose ecological harm. Previous studies assessed non-target effects only in terms of the increase or decrease of abundance or species richness after pesticide applications. Positive effects of the release from pressure caused by invasive ant species have not been considered so far. To more accurately assess pesticide effects in the field, the non-target effects of pesticides should be considered separately from the positive effects of such releases. Here, we used monitoring data of ants and other invertebrates collected in a program for the eradication of the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), using fipronil. First, we separately assessed the effects of L. humile abundance and fipronil exposure on non-target ants and other invertebrates using generalized linear models. The abundance of L. humile and the number of pesticide treatments were negatively associated with the total number of non-target individuals and taxonomic richness. We also noted negative relationships between the number of individuals of some ant species and other invertebrate taxonomic groups. The L. humile × pesticide interaction was significant, suggesting that the abundance of L. humile affected the level of impact of pesticide treatment on non-target fauna. Second, we evaluated the dynamics of non-target ant communities for 3 years using principal response curve analyses. Non-target ant communities treated with fipronil continuously for 3 years recovered little, whereas those treated for 1 year recovered to the level of the untreated and non-invaded environment.

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Andrade Filho, Nézio Nery de, Antonia Railda Roel, Karla Rejane de Andrade Porto, Rossilene Oliveira Souza, Rosemary Matias Coelho, and Aymee Portela. "Toxicidade do extrato aquoso das folhas de Anacardium humile para Bemisia tuberculata." Ciência Rural 40, no. 8 (August 20, 2010): 1689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782010005000125.

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A mosca-branca Bemisia tuberculata (Bondar, 1923) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) é uma das principais pragas da cultura da mandioca no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul; no entanto, não há produtos registrados para seu controle. Produtos vegetais podem constituir em alternativa viável de controle de insetos e, por sua fotodegradabilidade, diminuir os riscos ao ambiente e ao homem. Objetivou-se, por meio deste trabalho, avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso do "cajuzinho-do-cerrado" Anacardium humile St Hill (Anacardeaceae), nas concentrações de 2,0; 0,8; 0,4 e 0,05%, sobre a biologia de B. tuberculata, bem como identificar a classe de metabólitos secundários presentes no referido extrato. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, sob temperatura de 26±4°C. O extrato aquoso de A. humile causou aumento da duração da fase larval e mortalidade significativamente superior à testemunha em todas as concentrações testadas. Concluiu-se que o extrato aquoso de folhas de A. humile provoca mortalidade em ninfas de B. tuberculata e alongamento da fase das ninfas sobreviventes. O extrato aquoso de folhas de A. humile apresenta taninos, açúcares redutores e saponinas, e o seu índice de espuma (Índice Afrosimétrico) é de 1250.

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Tsukaya, Hirokazu, Jun Yokoyama, Ryoko Imaichi, and Hideaki Ohba. "Taxonomic status of Monotropastrum humile, with special reference to M. humile var. glaberrimum (Ericaceae, Monotropoideae)." Journal of Plant Research 121, no. 3 (April 4, 2008): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10265-008-0157-9.

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Tursunova, M. R., N. T. Ul’chenko, N. K. Yuldasheva, A. M. Nigmatullaev, and S. D. Gusakova. "Lipids from Seeds of Linum humile." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 51, no. 2 (March 2015): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-015-1249-0.

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Palmer, Jeffrey D., Richard A. Jorgensen, and William F. Thompson. "CHLOROPLAST DNA VARIATION AND EVOLUTION IN PISUM: PATTERNS OF CHANGE AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS." Genetics 109, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/109.1.195.

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ABSTRACT Variation in 30 chloroplast DNAs, representing 22 wild and cultivated accessions in the genus Pisum, was analyzed by comparing fragment patterns produced by 16 restriction endonucleases. Three types of mutations were detected. First, an inversion of between 2.2 kilobase pairs (kb) and 5.2 kb distinguished a population of P. humile from all other Pisum accessions examined. Second, deletions and insertions of between 50 and 1200 base pairs produced small restriction fragment length variations in four regions of the 120-kb chloroplast genome. Two of these regions—one of which is located within the sequence that is inverted in P. humile—showed a high degree of size polymorphism, to the extent that size differences were detected between individuals from the same accession. Finally, a total of only 11 restriction site mutations were detected among the 165 restriction sites sampled in the 30 DNAs. Based on these results and previous data, we conclude that the chloroplast genome is evolving very slowly relative to nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs. The Pisum chloroplast DNA restriction site mutations define two major lineages: One includes all tested accessions of P. fulvum, which is known to be cytogenetically quite distinct from all other Pisum taxa. The second includes 12 of 13 cultivated lines of the garden pea (P. sativum) and a wild population of P. humile from northern Israel. These observations strongly reinforce an earlier conclusion that the cultivated pea was domesticated primarily from northern populations of P. humile. A 13th P. sativum cultivar has a chloroplast genome that is significantly different from those of the aforementioned lines and somewhat more similar to those of P. elatius and southern populations of P. humile. This observation indicates that secondary hybridization may have occurred during the domestication of the garden pea.

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Rust, Michael K., Donald A. Reierson, and John H. Klotz. "Pest Management of Argentine Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)1." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.2.159.

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Control of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr), around structures in urban settings requires an extensive and thorough use of existing registered sprays and baits. Barrier sprays must be thoroughly applied at maximum label rates to prevent ants from accessing structures. Although insecticides with systemic activity such as imidacloprid and thiamethoxam may ultimately reduce homopteran food sources for L. humile, quantifying the impact of such reductions has been difficult. Applications of bifenthrin and deltamethrin granules provide short-term reductions. Most commercial baits available for L. humile are not readily consumed by foragers, or they provide too rapid kill of workers. Consequently, none of the baits are consistently effective. Potential new active ingredients for baits such as fipronil, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam provide about 50% kill within 3 days and are readily accepted by foragers. These toxicants are extremely promising in liquid bait formulations. No single control strategy or treatment has been consistently effective.

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Kubota, Takaaki, Teppei Suzuki, Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi, Taiga Kuhara, and Jun'ichi Kobayashi. "Daphnezomines T—V, Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum humile." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 57, no. 5 (2009): 504–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.57.504.

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Dobhal, Yogita, Versha Parcha, and D. C. Dhasmana. "Cardioprotective potential of Allium humile leaves extract." Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13596-013-0115-5.

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El-Shazly, A., T. Sarg, A. Ateya, E. Abdel Aziz, S. El-Dahmy, L. Witte, and M. Wink. "Pyrrolizidine and tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids from Echium humile." Phytochemistry 42, no. 1 (May 1996): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00847-0.

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Ressel, Kaila de Assis, Matheus de Souza Lima-Ribeiro, and Edésio Fialho dos Reis. "Desempenho de progênies de diferentes matrizes de cajuzinho-do-cerrado mediante o armazenamento e o peso das núculas." Ciência Rural 45, no. 10 (October 2015): 1782–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141143.

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O cajuzinho-do-cerrado (Anacardium humile A. ST-HIL.) possui uma ampla distribuição no Cerrado do Centro-Oeste Brasileiro, seus frutos carnosos são amplamente utilizados pelas populações regionais de forma extrativista. Apesar do promissor potencial agro econômico, raros estudos foram desenvolvidos visando à domesticação da espécie. O trabalho objetivou avaliar vinte diferentes matrizes de cajuzinho-do-cerrado, verificando como o peso e o armazenamento de núculas se relacionam com o porcentual de emergência e variáveis biométricas de plântulas recém-formadas. Foram coletados 50 frutos de diferentes matrizes de Anacardium humile, dentro do Parque Nacional das Emas, Mineiros, GO. Todos os frutos coletados apresentaram pedicelos maduros, desenvolvidos e amarelos. Sete matrizes apresentaram um número excedente de frutos, para estas, colheram-se outras 50 núculas, que foram armazenadas em câmara fria e seca, por um período de seis meses. O porcentual de emergência de plântulas mostrou-se satisfatório, tanto no experimento geral, como por progênie. A reprodução de Anacardium humile através de núculas mostrou-se promissora. O peso das núculas não influenciou o porcentual de emergência ou a biometria das plântulas. O armazenamento das núculas, por seis meses, para o plantio no outono, mostrou-se ineficiente.

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Ferreira, Peracio Rafael Bueno, Cíntia Sorandra Oliveira Mendes, Cínthia Gracielly Rodrigues, Juliane Caroline Moura Rocha, Vanessa de Andrade Royo, Henrique Maia Valério, and Dario Alves de Oliveira. "Antibacterial activity tannin-rich fraction from leaves of Anacardium humile." Ciência Rural 42, no. 10 (August 28, 2012): 1861–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782012005000080.

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In vitro tests conducted with extracts rich in tannins have identified several biological activities of this class of substance. Thus, this paper intends to evaluate the antibacterial activity of tannin-rich fraction obtained from leaf extracts of Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil. Extracts of A. humile leaves in 70% acetone were semi-purified with ethyl acetate and butanol. We quantified the total tannins of the semi-purified fractions, of the crude extract and of aqueous residues and then performed tests of the antibacterial activity of the tannins against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. All positive extracts underwent tannin isolation using a Sephadex LH-20 column. The tannins isolated from the samples were quantified and tested for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The tannins from crude extracts, semi-purifications and residues showed inhibition of S. aureus growth with MIC=500 g mL-1. All tannin fractions showed MIC against all strains and MBC, except against E. faecalis. The tannin fractions from Anacardium humile have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomononas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis and, therefore, may be promising for future synthesis of new antibacterial agents.

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Lacchia, Ana Paula Stechhahn, and Sandra Maria Carmello Guerreiro. "Aspectos ultra-estruturais dos canais secretores em órgãos vegetativos e reprodutivos de Anacardiaceae." Acta Botanica Brasilica 23, no. 2 (June 2009): 376–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-33062009000200009.

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Neste trabalho foi estudado o desenvolvimento e a ultra-estrutura dos canais do floema dos ápices vegetativos de Spondias dulcis G. Forst., a ultra-estrutura dos canais floemáticos dos ápices vegetativos de Tapirira guinanensis Aubl., bem como, a ultra-estrutura e o desenvolvimento dos canais florais e a ultra-estrutura dos canais do fruto desta mesma espécie Os canais florais e do fruto de Anacardium humile St.Hil. também foram estudados ultra-estruturalmente. Os canais dos ápices vegetativos de S. dulcis formam-se de modo esquizolisígeno e os florais de T. guianensis desenvolvem-se, de modo esquizógeno. As células epiteliais dos canais de S. dulcis e T. guianensis possuem retículo endoplasmático rugoso, ribossomos livres, plastídios alongados, de diferentes formatos, com presença de inclusões osmiofílicas e dictiossomos com produção de vesículas. Estas organelas estão envolvidas na secreção de um exsudato heterogêneo composto por substâncias hidrofílicas e lipofílicas. As células epiteliais do fruto de A. humile apresentam plastídios, em grande quantidade, de forma arredondada com sistema de membranas circular, que estão envolvidos na síntese de substâncias lipofílicas. Os resultados das análises ultra-estruturais das células epiteliais corroboram com os resultados previamente obtidos por estudo histoquímico, através deste estudo, substâncias lipídicas e hidrofílicas foram identificadas nos canais de T. guinanensis e S. dulcis e apenas substância lipídicas nos canais de A. humile. Baseado nos aspectos ultraestruturais dos canais secretores de T. guianensis e S. dulcis nós pudemos concluir que os plastídios das células epiteliais dos canais das duas espécies são diferentes, apesar destes secretarem exsudatos de composição semelhante. Um registro novo para a família é a presença de um grande número de plastídios circulares em células epiteliais do fruto de A. humile. O padrão encontrado entre os canais secretores das espécies estudadas é o modo écrino de liberação da secreção.

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Devenish, Adam J. M., Rosemary J. Newton, Jon R. Bridle, Crisanto Gomez, Jeremy J. Midgley, and Seirian Sumner. "Contrasting responses of native ant communities to invasion by an ant invader, Linepithema humile." Biological Invasions 23, no. 8 (April 3, 2021): 2553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02522-7.

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AbstractInvasive alien species pose a serious threat to the integrity and function of natural ecosystems. Understanding how these invaders alter natural communities is therefore an important aspect in predicting the likely future outcomes of biological invasions. Many studies have documented the consequences of invasive alien species on native community structure, through the displacement and local extinction of native species. However, sampling methods and intensities are rarely standardised across such studies, meaning that it is not clear whether differences in response among native communities to the same invader species are due to biological differences between the invaded regions, or differences in the methodologies used. Here we use a matched sampling methodology to compare the effects of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr) on native ant community assemblages in two distinct biogeographical regions that share similar ecologies: Girona (Spain) and Jonkershoek Nature Reserve (South Africa). We found a strong negative association between L. humile presence and native ant species richness within both geographic regions. However, the effects differed between the two study regions: in Girona, a single native ant species (Plagiolepis pygmaea) persisted in invaded sites; by contrast, substantially more native ant species persisted at invaded sites in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve. In addition, in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, the abundance of certain native species appeared to increase in the presence of L. humile. This study therefore demonstrates the potential variable effects of an invasive species in contrasting locations within different biogeographical regions. Future work should explore the causes of this differential resistance among communities and expand standardised sampling approaches to more invaded zones to further explore how local biotic or abiotic conditions of a region determine the nature and extent of impact of L. humile invasion on native ant communities.

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Moroni, Pablo, and Nataly O'Leary. "Typifications of Names in Boraginaceae s. str. Linked to Argentine Taxa." Novon, A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature 29 (March 11, 2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3417/2021643.

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During the preparation of the treatment of the family Boraginaceae s. str. for Argentina, dozens of names were identified as needing typifications to stabilize their nomenclature. As a result, lectotypes are designated for 11 names (Allocarya alternifolia Brand, Amsinckia angustifolia Lehm. var. microcarpa Speg., Amsinckia tessellata A. Gray, Echinospermum patagonicum Speg., Eritrichium albiflorum Griseb., Eritrichium humile (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. var. capillatum Clos, Eritrichium humile (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. var. congestum Wedd., Gruvelia pusilla A. DC., Lithospermum chilense Colla, Myosotis corymbosa Ruiz & Pav., and Pectocarya chilensis DC.). Additionally, second-step lectotypes are designated for nine names in Eritrichium Schrad. ex Gaudin (E. calandrinioides Phil., E. cinereum Phil., E. flavicans Phil., E. germainii Phil., E. graminifolium Phil., E. pedicellare Phil., E. pratense Phil., E. pugae Phil., and E. pulchellum Phil.).

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RASINGAM, L., and K. KARTHIGEYAN. "Elatostema perryi a new name for Elatostema humile L.M. Perry (Urticaceae)." Phytotaxa 394, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.394.1.10.

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The genus Elatostema J. R. Forst. & G. Forst. belongs to the tribe Elatostemateae Gaudich. (1830: 493) of the family Urticaceae. It is one of the largest genera in the family with c. 626 accepted names and mostly distributed from tropical to subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and Oceania (Tseng & Hu, 2015; Lin et al. 2018; Fu et al. 2019). Recently, Tseng et al. (2019) provided a new circumscription for the Elatostema S.l. based on the molecular phylogenetic studies and morphological characters. Perry (1951), while studying the New Guinean flora, described Elatostema humile L. M. Perry (1951: 378) from the Idenburg river of New Guinea. This is a later homonym of the Fijian species Elatostema humile A.C. Sm. (1942: 22) and so illegitimate according to article 53.1 of ICN (Turland et al. 2018). Therefore, a replacement name, Elatostema perryi is proposed here.

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Stegenga, H. "On the identity of Callithamnion humile Kuetzing (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta)." South African Journal of Botany 55, no. 1 (February 1989): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)31234-0.

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Sébastien, Alexandra, Philip J. Lester, Richard J. Hall, Jing Wang, Nicole E. Moore, and Monica A. M. Gruber. "Invasive ants carry novel viruses in their new range and form reservoirs for a honeybee pathogen." Biology Letters 11, no. 9 (September 2015): 20150610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0610.

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When exotic animal species invade new environments they also bring an often unknown microbial diversity, including pathogens. We describe a novel and widely distributed virus in one of the most globally widespread, abundant and damaging invasive ants (Argentine ants, Linepithema humile ). The Linepithema humile virus 1 is a dicistrovirus, a viral family including species known to cause widespread arthropod disease. It was detected in samples from Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. Argentine ants in New Zealand were also infected with a strain of Deformed wing virus common to local hymenopteran species, which is a major pathogen widely associated with honeybee mortality. Evidence for active replication of viral RNA was apparent for both viruses. Our results suggest co-introduction and exchange of pathogens within local hymenopteran communities. These viral species may contribute to the collapse of Argentine ant populations and offer new options for the control of a globally widespread invader.

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Porto, Karla Rejane de Andrade, Antonia Railda Roel, Márcia Marlene da Silva, Rosemary Matias Coelho, Eloty Justina Dias Scheleder, and Alex Haroldo Jeller. "Atividade larvicida do óleo de Anacardium humile Saint Hill sobre Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera, Culicidae)." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 41, no. 6 (December 2008): 586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822008000600008.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial do cajuzinho do cerrado (Anacardium humile) sobre larvas de Aedes aegypti. Os extratos hexânico, etanólico, aquoso e o óleo das folhas foram obtidos do material vegetal coletado em fragmento de cerrado. Estes foram testados nas concentrações 1%; 0,5%, 0,25%, 0,125%, 0,05% e 0,0125% diluídas em dimetil sulfóxido 1%. A contagem das larvas mortas foi realizada após 24 horas. Utilizou-se o método Probit de análise para obtenção das CL50 e respectivos intervalos de confiança. Conclui-se que apenas o óleo extraído de folhas de Anacardium humile causa 100% de mortalidade em larvas de 4º estádio de Aedes aegypti nas concentrações até 0,125%, o que parece indicar que os ingredientes ativos estão na fase mais apolar. O que indica a potencialidade de uso da planta como larvicida de Aedes aegypti, entretanto, novos testes deverão ser conduzidos utilizando outros órgãos vegetais, assim como outros métodos e solventes utilizados na extração.

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Kunwor, Rup Bahadur, and Olivia Thapa. "Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of some Medicinal Plants used for the Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections in Nepal." Tribhuvan University Journal 28, no. 1-2 (December 2, 2013): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v28i1-2.26253.

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The present work was designed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the ethanol extracts of five selected medicinal plants Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, Jasminium humile, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Acorus calamus on bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. Almost all the tested medicinal plants showed inhibitory effect against the test organisms. Among the medicinal plants evaluated Ocimum sanctum was found effective against most of the testorganisms except Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited by all tested plant extracts with highest zone of inhibition by G. glabra with ZOI value 23 mm and MBC value 0.39 mg/ml in ethanol suspension. Among the test organisms K. pneumoniae was found more resistant towards the test plant extracts. This bacterium was inhibited only by J. humile with ZOI value 13 mm and MBC value 6.25 mg/ml in alcohol solution. The present work evidently provides information on the role of some medicinal plants in the fight against bacteria causing respiratory tract infections.

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Villani, Fabio, Maria Santina de Castro Morini, Marco Antonio Franco, and Odair Correa Bueno. "Evaluation of the possible role of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as mechanical vectors of nematodes and protists." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 51, no. 5 (October 2008): 923–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132008000500008.

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Nematodes and protists can be transmitted to humans in many ways and little concern has been given to the mechanical transmission by ants. This study aimed at analysing how the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and cysts of Entamoeba coli could be mechanically transmitted to the man by Formicidae. Through the experiments using nests of Tapinoma melanocephalum, Linepithema humile and Monomorium pharaonis reared in the laboratory allied to observations of some 17 ant species in an urban park area in Mogi das Cruzes (SP), it was found that L. humile was capable of carrying eggs of A. lumbricoides both in the field and laboratory conditions (1 worker), as well as was Camponotus rufipes (2), Solenopsis saevissima (1) and Acromyrmex niger (1). The cysts of Escherichia coli were found over three workers of C. rufipes. Although the frequency of the workers found transporting pathogens was low, the capacity of common household species in carrying pathogens like nematodes and protists was demonstrated.

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Vela-Pérez, M., M. A. Fontelos, and S. Garnier. "From individual to collective dynamics in Argentine ants (Linepithema humile)." Mathematical Biosciences 262 (April 2015): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mbs.2015.01.007.

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Royo, Vanessa de A., Maria Olívia Mercadante-Simões, Leonardo M. Ribeiro, Dario A. de Oliveira, Marcela Magda R. Aguiar, Ellenhise R. Costa, and Perácio Rafael B. Ferreira. "Anatomy, Histochemistry, and Antifungal Activity of Anacardium humile (Anacardiaceae) Leaf." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, no. 6 (November 20, 2015): 1549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615015457.

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AbstractLeaves of Anacardium humile are used in Brazilian traditional medicine for the treatment of intestinal disturbances and skin lesions. This study aimed to define leaf diagnostic structural characters, to propose a new method of phytochemical analysis of secretions, prospect flavonoids and alkaloids, and to evaluate their inhibitory activity on Candida albicans. Common anatomical, phytochemical, and microbiological methods were used. Leaves of Anacardium occidentale were used as a reference for the structural analyses. The main structural characters were closed vascular system, absence of ducts at the medulla, bilateral mesophyll, absence of bundle sheath extension, and secretory idioblasts at the xylem. The ducts present schizogenous origin, and secreting activity is restricted to the initial phases of leaf blade expansion. The proposed new phytochemical method is practical and inexpensive and has potential for wide application. The abundance of tannins and flavonoids is related to medicinal use. A single peak in high-performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of a pure substance not previously reported. The extract had a strong inhibitory effect on C. albicans. The obtained results confirm the potential of A. humile for the prospection of new bioactive compounds.

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Sugiyama, Takashi. "Invasion of Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile, into Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan." Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology 44, no. 2 (2000): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2000.127.

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Keller, L. "Lack of inbreeding avoidance in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile." Behavioral Ecology 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/13.1.28.

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Holway, David A. "Distribution of the Argentine Ant (Linepithema humile) in Northern California." Conservation Biology 9, no. 6 (December 1995): 1634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.09061634.x.

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Halley, Julianne D., and Mark A. Elgar. "The response of foraging Argentine ants, Linepithema humile, to disturbance." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 1 (2001): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00075.

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Reducing the risk of predation is an important feature of the feeding behaviour of most animals. In social insects, foraging workers are particularly vulnerable, and the ability to trade-off mortality risk against food value may provide a considerable competitive advantage for the colony. We investigated the response of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile, to different kinds of disturbance while workers foraged on food of differing quality. The behaviour of disturbed individuals was influenced by group size, by the behaviour of nearby nestmates and by how much food had already been consumed. When in large groups, workers were less likely to leave the foraging arena and resumed feeding more rapidly. This response was even more marked among workers whose gasters were only partially replete. However, individuals took more time to resume feeding and became more likely to run away from a food source when greater numbers of ants were disturbed. These influences may allow foraging groups to maximise food intake while minimising the mortality of workers.

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Scocco, C. M., D. R. Suiter, and W. A. Gardner. "Repellency of Five Essential Oils to Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 47, no. 2 (April 2012): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-47.2.150.

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Li, Hui, Li-Juan Wang, Guo-Fu Qiu, Jian-Qing Yu, Shu-Cai Liang, and Xian-Ming Hu. "Apoptosis of Hela cells induced by extract from Cremanthodium humile." Food and Chemical Toxicology 45, no. 10 (October 2007): 2040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.05.001.

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Berville, Laurence, Olivier Blight, Marielle Renucci, Abraham Hefetz, and Erick Provost. "A peaceful zone bordering two Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) supercolonies." Chemoecology 23, no. 4 (June 1, 2013): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00049-013-0135-0.

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Blight, Olivier, Jérôme Orgeas, Marielle Renucci, Alain Tirard, and Erick Provost. "Where and how Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) spreads in Corsica?" Comptes Rendus Biologies 332, no. 8 (August 2009): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2009.04.005.

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Mahavni, A., E. K. Lessig, and P. Nonacs. "Exploratory behavior of Argentine Ants (Linepithema humile) encountering novel areas." Insectes Sociaux 66, no. 4 (September 7, 2019): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-019-00723-x.

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Matsuda, Yosuke, Shun Okochi, Tomoyuki Katayama, Akiyoshi Yamada, and Shin-ichiro Ito. "Mycorrhizal fungi associated with Monotropastrum humile (Ericaceae) in central Japan." Mycorrhiza 21, no. 6 (February 19, 2011): 569–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00572-011-0365-3.

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Maccaro, Jessica J., Brian A. Whyte, and Neil D. Tsutsui. "The Ant Who Cried Wolf? Short-Term Repeated Exposure to Alarm Pheromone Reduces Behavioral Response in Argentine Ants." Insects 11, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11120871.

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In this study we test whether Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) progressively reduce their response to a salient stimulus (alarm pheromone) with increased exposure over time. First, we used a two-chamber olfactometer to demonstrate three focal behaviors of Argentine ants that indicate an alarmed state in response to conspecific alarm pheromone and pure synthetic iridomyrmecin (a dominant component of L. humile alarm pheromone). We then measured how these behaviors changed after repeated exposure to conspecific alarm pheromone from live ants. In addition, we investigate whether there is a difference in the ants’ behavioral response after “short” (3 min) versus “long” (6 min) intervals between treatments. Our results show that Argentine ants do exhibit reduced responses to their own alarm pheromone, temporarily ceasing their response to it after four or five exposures, and this pattern holds whether exposure is repeated after “short” or “long” intervals. We suggest alarm pheromones may be perceived as false alarms unless threatening stimuli warrant a continued state of alarm. These results should be kept in mind while developing pheromone-based integrated pest management strategies.

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Morais, Lucas Ferreira de, Wendy Carniello Ferreira, Francielly Rodrigues Gomes, Edésio Fialho dos Reis, Daniela Pereira Dias, and Danielle Fabíola Pereira da Silva. "Doses of limestone, phosphorus and potassium on the initial development of Anacardium humile seedlings." Revista em Agronegócio e Meio Ambiente 14, no. 4 (July 31, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/2176-9168.2021v14n4e8938.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different doses of limestone, phosphorus, and potassium on the initial development of Anacardium humile (Cajuzinho-do-cerrado) seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. A randomized block design was adopted in a 3x4x4 factorial scheme (liming x phosphorus x potassium doses). The treatments consisted of three liming doses (0; 40; and 70% of base saturation), four doses of potassium chloride with 60% of K2O (0; 60; 120; and 180 kg ha-1), and four doses of triple superphosphate with 46% of P2O5 (0; 80; 160; and 240 kg ha-1), with six replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: stem diameter (SD), plant height (PH), root length (RL), shoot dry matter (SDM), and root dry matter (RDM). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). It was concluded that there was no influence of phosphorus doses on the initial development of A. humile seedlings and that there was a response to the association between liming and potassium chloride in vegetative growth.

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Suiter, Daniel R., Benjamin M. Gochnour, Jacob B. Holloway, and Karen M. Vail. "Alternative Methods of Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Control with Emphasis on the Argentine Ant, Linepithema humile." Insects 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2021): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12060487.

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Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), especially the Argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Mayr), can be significant nuisance pests in urban and suburban environments. Conventional interventions have primarily relied on the use of chemical insecticides, namely fipronil and bifenthrin, applied as residual, contact treatments around the outside perimeter of infested structures. Despite tightening regulation limiting the scope of insecticide applications in urban settings, dependence on these products to manage ants continues, resulting in significant water contamination. The U.S. EPA, in response, has further restricted the use patterns of many insecticides used for ant control in professional and over-the-counter markets. The purpose of this review is to summarize the relevant literature associated with controlling nuisance pest ants, with emphasis on L. humile, without the use of liquid broadcast applications of EPA-registered insecticides while focusing on low-impact, alternative (to broadcast applications) pest control methods. Specific subsections include Trail Pheromone; Use of Behavior-Modifying Chemicals; Mass Trapping; Hydrogels, “Virtual” Baiting, and Exceedingly-Low Bait Concentrations; Food Source Reduction; Deterrents; and RNA Interference (RNAi).

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Sreenath, Ananthaneni, Paradesi Anjaneyulu, S. M. Nagesh, M. Anil Kumar, and Boyina Ravi Prasad Rao. "Eight families of Bryophytes as new distributional records for Andhra Pradesh, India." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i3.069.

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Eight families (two liverworts; six mosses) of Bryophytes, with ten representative species viz., Liverworts- Cephaloziellaceae (Cephaloziella kiaeri, Cylindrocolea tagawae), Porellaceae (Porella acutifolia); Mosses- Erpodiaceae (Solmsiella biseriata), Hylocomiaceae (Leptohymenium tenue), Myuriaceae (Myurium perplexum), Pterigynandraceae (Pterigynandrum filiforme), Sematophyllaceae (Sematophyllum humile and Sematophyllum subhumile), and Trachypodaceae (Bryowijkia ambigua) are new distributional records for the state of Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Mas, F. A., D. M. Suckling, T. J. Welsh, R. M. Horner, C. B. Henderson, and J. J. Bromenshenk. "Can bees eavesdrop on biosecurity targets." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5762.

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Surveillance of unwanted organisms without lures is one of the greatest challenges in biosecurity Previous work in the USA has shown that honey bees (Apis mellifera) can be trained to detect land mines Based on this successfully proven method the possibility of detecting key species of agricultural and biosecurity interest in a field environment was examined Application examples presented here include detection of a weed in a crop such as rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in wheat and detection of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) in a field Bees were trained at the colony level on the specific odours of each target and their ability to locate these odours in the field was measured with video cameras Bees were able to detect rosemary hidden in a wheat crop and the cluster of four plants attracted significantly more bees than the positive and negative controls Similarly bees were shown to learn to detect the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile) trail pheromone z9hexadecenal and their response ranged down to partspertrillion (ppt 1012) However there was a clear preference for higher concentrations that may be associated with higher expected rewards Detection thresholds and the sensitivity of bees are discussed

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Dobhal, Yogita, Versha Parcha, and D. C. Dhasmana. "Characterization of new cardioprotective principle isolated from methanolic extract of Allium humile leaves from Himalayan region." Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology 11, no. 2 (March 24, 2016): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i2.25991.

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In modern era scientists have been trying to validate many properties of Allium species, especially in terms of the identity of the active components, their mechanism of action and exploring the potential benefits as food supplements. Thus, the present study has been designed to characterize the isolated cardioprotective compound from Allium humile leaves. Chromatographic purification of the methanolic extract of A. humile leaves isolated ajoene (enol form) (AH-1)- a new potent cardioprotective principle, along with three known compounds allicin (AH-2) and alliin (AH-3) and a flavonoid quercetin (AH-4). The structures of all the isolates (AH-1, AH-2) were characterized by using modern spectroscopic analysis UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the new isolated compound pharmacologically conformed for cardioprotective effect. The data of known compounds (AH-2, AH-4) were further compared with the reported data for these compounds.

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Barbosa, Karine Feliciano, Juliana De Fátima Sales, Osvaldo Resende, Daniel Emanuel Cabral de Oliveira, Ana Lúcia Cabral, and Luiz César Lopes Filho. "Thermodynamic properties of Anacardium humile St. Hil. (cajuzinho-do-cerrado) achenes." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 6 (November 30, 2018): 2351. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2351.

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The cajuzinho-do-cerrado is a native species of the cerrado of great potential of use and is threatened of extinction. The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the thermodynamic properties of Anacardium humile St. Hil. achenes from the different hygroscopic equilibrium points according to the moisture content. To obtain the isotherms, the indirect static method was used at temperatures of 10, 20, 30 and 40 °C and for moisture contents of 13.4, 11.1, 8.7 and 5.3% dry basis (db). The Copace model was used to describe the hygroscopic equilibrium of the achenes. The thermodynamic properties are influenced by the moisture content because the latent heat of vaporization of the water of the achenes increases with the decrease in the equilibrium moisture content, varying between 3,035.63 and 2,510.80 kJ kg-1 for moisture contents of 4.51 to 13.4% db, respectively. The differential enthalpy and entropy are closely related to the moisture content of the achenes. The isokinetic temperature of 304.67 K denotes the linear chemical compensation between the differential enthalpy and entropy of the Anacardium humile St. Hil. achenes, and the desorption process is controlled by enthalpy.

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Zhao, Ezi, Guiqi Bi, Junqing Yang, Zhen Zhang, Guoqiang Liu, Qingwei Du, and Erlei Shang. "Complete mitochondrial genome of the argentine ant, Linepithema humile (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part A 28, no. 2 (December 29, 2015): 210–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2015.1115845.

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Morita, Hiroshi, and Jun'ichi Kobayashi. "Daphnezomines L, M, N, and O, new alkaloids from Daphniphyllum humile." Tetrahedron 58, no. 33 (August 2002): 6637–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00737-8.

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Morita, Hiroshi, Hiroshi Takatsu, and Jun'ichi Kobayashi. "Daphnezomines P, Q, R and S, new alkaloids from Daphniphyllum humile." Tetrahedron 59, no. 20 (May 2003): 3575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00542-8.

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Reuter, M., F. Balloux, L. Lehmann, and L. Keller. "Kin structure and queen execution in the Argentine ant Linepithema humile." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14, no. 6 (December 20, 2001): 954–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1420-9101.2001.00345.x.

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Libbrecht, Romain, and Laurent Keller. "GENETIC COMPATIBILITY AFFECTS DIVISION OF LABOR IN THE ARGENTINE ANTLINEPITHEMA HUMILE." Evolution 67, no. 2 (September 24, 2012): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01792.x.

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Winck, Cristiane Regina, Claudia A. L. Cardoso, Alex Haroldo Jeller, Nilva Ré-Poppi, Rosemary Matias Coelho, and Eloty Justina Dias Schleder. "Identification of the Volatile Compounds of Leaf Oil ofAnacardium humile(Anacardiaceae)." Journal of Essential Oil Research 22, no. 1 (January 2010): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700255.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Humile'

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