Journal articles on the topic 'Humic acid extraction'
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1
Pedroso-Rodriguez, Irina, Lourdes Yamén González-Sáez, Jesús Luis-Orozco, Liz Pérez-Martínez, Carlo Vandecasteele, and Jo Van Caneghem. "Extraction yield of humic substances from organic materials." DYNA 89, no. 223 (September 22, 2022): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v89n223.101666.
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At present there is a great advance in the use of organic substances as fertilizers; humic substances are one of them with various forms of extraction. This article evaluates the extraction yield of humic substances (humic acid and fulvic acid) from three raw materials and different basic extractants and acids. In the basic extraction of humic substances, the type of raw material significantly influences, to a p value equal to 5 %. The maximum extraction volumes of humic substances are with garden waste. The fractionation stage of the humic and fulvic acids (acid extraction) depends on the type of basic extractant. The alternative Vermicompost - NaOH - HCl is the most economic and technically feasible, with 38.53 % of extraction yield value of humic acid and 64.90 $/h of gross profit.
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Jiang, Peng Wei, Zhi Jun Ma, and Yue Xin Han. "Experimental Study on Extracting Humic Acid from Lignite." Advanced Materials Research 158 (November 2010): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.158.56.
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Humic acid has been extensively used in the fields like industry, agriculture, medicine, environment protection, etc. As a kind of potential organic resources that being developed and utilized, humic acid is drawing more and more attention from the world. China is abundant in coal resource; the lignite of China contains a lot of humic acid. Extraction humic acid from lignite creates favorable conditions for the development of coal industry and agriculture industry, has broad utilization prospect. By combining the method of nitric acid preoxidation and the method of alkali solution and acid eduction, the humic acid was extracted from the lignite. The orthogonal experimental method and FTIR were integrated in this study. The influences of nitrate concentrations, acid-coal proportion, oxidized temperature, oxidation time, extraction liquid concentration, liquid-solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time etc. on the process of extracting humic acid were examined. The results indicate the optimal processing condition can achieved when using sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide solution as the extraction agents, the rate of humic acid production can reach to 39.25%. And the total content of humic acid production can reach to 46.14%.
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Ywih Ch’ng, Huck, Yeong Yee Yue, Suhaimi B. Othman Osman, and Jeng Young Liew. "Determination of Extraction Period and Extractant Ratio for Extracting Humic Acid from Rice Straw Compost." Current Agriculture Research Journal 6, no. 2 (August 27, 2018): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.6.2.03.
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The process of isolating humic substances especially humic acid consumes a lot of time. The isolation (extraction, fractionation and purification) processes of humic acid from different sources such as soils, organic fertilizers and so on vary from 12 hours to 7 days. Based on the previous findings reported by other researchers, the standard extractant ratio used for humic acid extraction is 1:10 because it gives the highest yield of humic acid isolated. Previous studies tend to focus on the isolation duration of humic acid but not extractant ratio. To date, there is also lack of information about the extraction period and extractant ratio required to extract humic acid from rice straw compost. This study aimed to assess the minimum duration and extractant ratio for extracting humic acid from rice straw compost. A ratio of 1: 5 and 1: 10 of rice straw compost sample to chemical used were performed in humic acid extraction. A 5 g of rice straw compost sample was mixed with 25 mL and 50 mL of 0.5 M sodium hydroxide, respectively, and were extracted under different extraction periods (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 24 hours). There was significant difference in the extraction periods and extractant ratio on the yield of humic acid. This study revealed that an extractant ratio of 1:10 and 12 hours of extraction period are required to extract humic acid from rice straw compost and can be purified within 1 hour using distilled water. Humic acid yield was significantly lower when the extraction period was less than 12 hours because the time was not sufficient for the H+ ions to displace Na+ ions and other cations. Furthermore, the difficulty of HA extraction period of less than 12 hours was probably due to difficulty of wetting the air-dried compost. The significance of this study is humic acid from rice straw compost can be isolated within 12 hour of extraction period, 24 hours of fractionation period and 1 hour of purification period under extractant ratio of 1:10. Thus, this may help in reducing time and costs needed to produce the humate product from this compost. The extractant ratio of 1:10 is more preferred because of the higher humic acid yield obtained.
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Jarukas, Laurynas, Liudas Ivanauskas, Giedre Kasparaviciene, Juste Baranauskaite, Mindaugas Marksa, and Jurga Bernatoniene. "Determination of Organic Compounds, Fulvic Acid, Humic Acid, and Humin in Peat and Sapropel Alkaline Extracts." Molecules 26, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 2995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102995.
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Black, brown, and light peat and sapropel were analyzed as natural sources of organic and humic substances. These specific substances are applicable in industry, agriculture, the environment, and biomedicine with well-known and novel approaches. Analysis of the organic compounds fulvic acid, humic acid, and humin in different peat and sapropel extracts from Lithuania was performed in this study. The dominant organic compound was bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) carbonate, which varied from 6.90% to 25.68% in peat extracts. The highest mass fraction of malonic acid amide was in the sapropel extract; it varied from 12.44% to 26.84%. Significant amounts of acetohydroxamic, lactic, and glycolic acid derivatives were identified in peat and sapropel extracts. Comparing the two extraction methods, it was concluded that active maceration was more efficient than ultrasound extraction in yielding higher amounts of organic compounds. The highest amounts of fulvic acid (1%) and humic acid and humin (15.3%) were determined in pure brown peat samples. This research on humic substances is useful to characterize the peat of different origins, to develop possible aspects of standardization, and to describe potential of the chemical constituents.
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Oktavianta, Irma D., Gusrizal Gusrizal, and Nurlina Nurlina. "Oil Palm Empty Bunch Compost as a Source of Humic Acid." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 9, no. 4 (November 30, 2020): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2020.v9.i4.pp205-212.
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Humic acid is a fraction of humic compounds that are part of soil organic matter. In this research, humic acid is extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunches compost. Compost is made from the process of counting the empty oil palm bunches, which are composted until the compost is cooked. The humic acid extraction process uses a strong base extraction method. The principle of humic acid extraction is to dissolve the humic compound with a base solution and then separate it by adding an acid solution (HCl solution). The extraction of humic acid from oil palm empty fruit bunches compost produced blackish-brown humic acid with a yield of 4.895%. The result showed that the main functional group content of palm oil empty fruit bunches compost humic acid was the -OH group and phenol group which had a conjugated carbonyl group and a more aliphatic humic acid structure. Quantitatively, the functional groups of humic acid functional groups each amounted to a total acidity of 7,400 cmol/kg, a carboxylic group of 520 cmol/kg, and a phenolic -OH group content of 6,880 cmol/kg. Research results show that oil palm empty fruit bunches compost can be used as a source of humic acid.
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Bekturganova, N. Ye, Zh T. Yeshova, M. Zh Kerimkulova, and E. E. Orazkhanov. "EXTRACTION OF HUMIC ACIDS FROM SHUBARKOL BROAD COAL BY PROBABILISTIC PLANNING METHOD." Chronos: natural and technical sciences 7, no. 2(40) (October 3, 2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2712-9691-40-2-5.
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In the presented work, an attempt was made to extract humic acids from the Shubarkol field to create environmentally safe structural meliorants for the prevention and/or restoration of eroded soil s of the Republic. The choice of domestic lignite and humic acid as structural components has taken into account their naturalness and safety for the environment. The influence of five factors (extraction temperature and time, alkali concentration, ratio o f coal to alkaline solution and mechanical grinding time of coal) on the extraction of humic acids by probability planning method was studied. The IR spectroscopy method showed that humic acids have more active acid groups than primary coal.
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Li, Cuilan, Shuqing Gao, Qiang Gao, Lichun Wang, and Jinjing Zhang. "CHARACTERIZATION OF BULK SOIL HUMIN AND ITS ALKALINE-SOLUBLE AND ALKALINE-INSOLUBLE FRACTIONS." Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 39, no. 1 (February 2015): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20150294.
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Humic substances are the major components of soil organic matter. Among the three humic substance components (humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin), humin is the most insoluble in aqueous solution at any pH value and, in turn, the least understood. Humin has poor solubility mainly because it is tightly bonded to inorganic soil colloids. By breaking the linkage between humin and inorganic soil colloids using inorganic or organic solvents, bulk humin can be partially soluble in alkali, enabling a better understanding of the structure and properties of humin. However, the structural relationship between bulk humin and its alkaline-soluble (AS) and alkaline-insoluble (AIS) fractions is still unknown. In this study, we isolated bulk humin from two soils of Northeast China by exhaustive extraction (25 to 28 times) with 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH + 0.1 mol L-1 Na4P2O7, followed by the traditional treatment with 10 % HF-HCl. The isolated bulk humin was then fractionated into AS-humin and AIS-humin by exhaustive extraction (12 to 15 times) with 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH. Elemental analysis and solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy were used to characterize and compare the chemical structures of bulk humin and its corresponding fractions. The results showed that, regardless of soil types, bulk humin was the most aliphatic and most hydrophobic, AS-humin was the least aliphatic, and AIS-humin was the least alkylated among the three humic components. The results showed that bulk humin and its corresponding AS-humin and AIS-humin fractions are structurally differed from one another, implying that the functions of these humic components in the soil environment differed.
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Г.В., Ларина,, Сокруто, А.Е., Макарюк, А.Д., Манченко, Н.А., Каракчиева, Н.И., and Дайбова, Е.Б. "INTENSIfying the EXTRACTION of HUMIC ACID FROM MOUNTAIN PEATs USING ULTRASONIC TREATMENT." Южно-Сибирский научный вестник, no. 6(46) (December 20, 2022): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25699/sssb.2022.46.6.040.
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Статья посвящена проблеме интенсификации процессов выделения гуминовых кислот из торфов верхового и низинного типов с использованием ультразвукового воздействия. Целью работы является установление оптимальных условий ультразвукового воздействия на торфы верхового и низинного типов для интенсификации процессов экстракции и увеличения выхода гуминовых кислот. Основные результаты работы: выявлена эффективность применения ультразвуковой обработки торфяного сырья, установлены оптимальные режимы и условия экстрагирования, определен выход гуминовых кислот из верхового и низинного торфов. Экспериментально определено, что применение ультразвуковой обработки торфяного сырья в водно-щелочных средах способствует интенсификации процесса извлечения гуминовых кислот с увеличением их выхода. Результаты исследований будут использованы для получения фитогуминовых композиций на основе многокомпонентных растительных сборов для исследования их антиоксидантной активности. The article is devoted to the problem of intensifying the processes of extracting humic acid from the peats of the high-bog and fen types exposed to ultrasonic treatment. The purpose of the work is to establish optimal conditions for ultrasonic treatment of peats of the high-bog and fen types to intensify extraction processes and increase the humic acid yield. The main results of the work are as follows. The efficiency of applying ultrasonic treatment for peat raw materials has been revealed. The optimal modes and extraction conditions have been established. The yield of humic acids extracted from the high-bog and fen peats has been determined. It has been experimentally determined that the use of ultrasonic treatment for peat raw materials in aqueous-alkaline media contributes to intensifying the process of extracting humic acids and increases their yield. The research results will be used to obtain phyto-humic compositions based on multicomponent plant collections to study their antioxidant activity.
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Moskalenko, Tatiana, Valery Mikheev, and Elena Vorsina. "Intensification of humic acid extraction from lignites." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019202024.
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One of the methods of initial properties of solid fuels changing by their organic mass oxidation is considered in the paper. Creation of innovative ways of intensification of existing solid fuels processing and their adoption by industry has always been and remains an actual task. Thus the chemical process is the most important stage of raw materials processing into target products. Chemical exposure allows to optimize the technological mode, expanding the scope of control of technological process parameters and, to a certain extent, modify the properties of the resulting products. The article presents the results of experimental research of influence of preliminary oxidation on the lignite organic mass from Kharanorsk and Kangalas deposits by different chemical reagents to determine a degree of this process impact on the efficiency of their processing into humic substances. Inorganic and organic oxidizers of different concentrations were used as reagents. The greatest effect for increasing the humic acids yield was observed when using 6-10 % hydrogen peroxide for oxidation, and 10 % hydrochloric acid. The results of experiments on the coal preoxidation effect can be used as a basis for the development of a new method of lignites processing into humic substances.
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Deryagina, M. S., and O. M. Konyukhova. "Determination of Humic Acid Content in Sapropel." BIO Web of Conferences 57 (2023): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20235706002.
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The agricultural industry, in particular crop farming, is in need of using biological plant and soil protection products, as well as mineral fertilizers. A number of problems associated with soil contamination with substances of chemical nature that are part of mineral fertilizers can be solved through the use of biofertilizers based on humic acids (HA). HA can also be used as plant growth stimulants, restorers of disturbed soils and sorbents of toxic pollutants. One of the promising sources for obtaining HA is sapropel obtained during the reclamation of reservoirs. The study was conducted in order to determine the concentration of humic acids in sapropel harvested in the water bodies of the Republic of Mari El (RME) and to identify the method that assumes the best yield of HA. The object of the study were sapropel samples of various water bodies of the RME. Humic acids were isolated by two methods: the method of alkaline extraction and the method of aqueous extraction. According to the results of the study, significant differences in humic acid concentrations in sapropel samples were noted. It was found that sapropel of the Lake Vodoozerskoye deposit is characterized by the highest content of humic acids. It was also determined that the sapropel of this deposit is the leader in the amount of HA, regardless of the extraction method.
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Zhang, Yue Jin, and Juan Wang. "Extraction Methods Study and Structure Analysis of Humic Acid in Surface Soil along Main Transportation Road." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.201.
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The five surface soil samples were collected in along zhonghuan road of Jiaxing city. According to different solubility in acid and alkali solution, the soil organic matters were divided into different kinds of components such as fulvic acid, humic acid and Humin. Both humic acid and minerals were extracted by sequence and the images were displayed in assistance of scanning electron microscope. Different extraction time and extraction conditions were optimized and the methods were established in the last. Correlations between organic matter content, pH value and contents of HA were fitted and a linear relationship was found between OM and HA. On the help of SEM, different structure of HA and minerals were found that images of HA were columnar and that of mineral were Massive. It is just the reason that why the OM has great sorption ability than the minerals.
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Nurlina, Nurlina, Intan Syahbanu, Mirna Tersiana Tamnasi, Chyntia Nabela, and Maria Desi Furnata. "EKSTRAKSI DAN PENENTUAN GUGUS FUNGSI ASAM HUMAT DARI PUPUK KOTORAN SAPI." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 1, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v1i1.26041.
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Cow manure fertilizer was used as raw material for the extraction of humic acid in this research. The aim of this research were extraction of humic acid from cow manure fertilizer, characterization of functional groups based on FTIR spectra, and determination of humic acid functional groups. Humic acid extraction from cow manure used 0.050 M; 0.100 M; 0.250 M dan 0.500 M KOH solution. A cow manure fertilizer were shaken with KOH solution for 1; 2; 4 and 6 h. The quantitative determination of oxygen-containing functional groups of humic acid was conducted by titrimetri. The FTIR spectrum showed the presence of –OH group and N-H stretching (bands 3361.46 cm-1); C-H aliphatic for CH2, CH3 (2946.52 cm-1 and 1442.24 cm-1); C=C aromatic components (1626.48 cm-1); COO- symmetric stretching (1521.71 cm-1); C-O stretching from –COOH (1229.74 cm-1). Total acidity value was 500 cmole.kg-1 (Baryta Absorption Method); carboxyl groups content was 250 cmole.kg-1 (Ca-Acetate Method); and phenol (OH) concentration was 250 cmole.kg-1. It can be concluded that humic acid successfully extracted from cow manure fertilizer using 0.250 KOH solution as extractant for 2 h, which has yield of 4.486% humic acid.
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Fatima, Noureen, Asif Jamal, Zaixing Huang, Rabia Liaquat, Bashir Ahmad, Rizwan Haider, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali, et al. "Extraction and Chemical Characterization of Humic Acid from Nitric Acid Treated Lignite and Bituminous Coal Samples." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 8969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168969.
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Currently, conversion of coal into alternative fuel and non-fuel valuable products is in demand and growing interest. In the present study, humic acid was extracted from two different ranks of coal, i.e., low rank and high rank (lignite and bituminous), through chemical pretreatment by nitric acid. Samples of lignite and bituminous coal were subjected to nitric acid oxidation followed by extraction using KOH and NaOH gravimetric techniques. The chemical pretreatment of both types of coal led to enhanced yields of humic acid from 21.15% to 57.8% for lignite low-rank coal and 11.6% to 49.6% bituminous high rank coal. The derived humic acid from native coal and nitric acid treated coal was analyzed using elemental analysis, E4/E6 ratio of absorbance at 465 nm and 665 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy FTIR. The chemical characteristics of coal treated with nitric acid have shown increased molecular weight and improved aromaticity with more oxygen and nitrogen and lower C, H, and sulphur content. The E4/E6 ratio of nitric acid-treated low and high ranks of coal was high. The FTIR spectroscopic data of nitric acid-treated lignite coal indicates an intensive peak of carboxyl group at 2981.84 cm−1, while bituminous coal was shown in cooperation with the N-H group at 2923.04 cm−1. SEM was performed to detect the morphological changes that happen after producing humic acid from HNO3 treatment and native coal. The humic acid produced from HNO3 treated coal had shown clear morphological changes and some deformations on the surface. SEM-EDS detected the major elements, such as nitrogen, in treated humic acid that were absent in raw coal humic acid. Hence, the produced humic acid through HNO3 oxidation showed a more significant number of humic materials with improved efficiency as compared to native coal. This obtained humic acid can be made bioactive for agriculture purposes, i.e., for soil enrichment and improvement in growth conditions of plants and development of green energy solutions.
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Cook, G. T., A. J. Dugmore, and J. S. Shore. "The Influence of Pretreatment on Humic Acid Yield and 14C Age of Carex Peat." Radiocarbon 40, no. 1 (1997): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200017835.
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The object of the study was to assess the effects of a range of pretreatment/extraction schemes on the yields of humic acid and humin obtained from peat and the subsequent radiocarbon ages. We analyzed peat from Flókadalur in northern Iceland, collecting material from a profile containing seven visible tephra horizons in the upper 3 m, whose form and extent indicated little disturbance to the section over the last 4000 yr. The results of a range of pretreatments demonstrated that time rather than the strength of alkali is the more important factor governing the extraction of humic acid. An increase in alkali molarity did not correspond to any systematic increase in yield, whereas an increase in time did, implying that the extraction is kinetically controlled. We found no evidence of variability in 14C age due to pretreatment scheme or between different geochemical fractions of the peat. Further implications from this study are that bog stability and ecological simplicity produce a favorable environment for 14C dating.
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Muljani, Srie, Bambang Wahyudi Wahyudi, S. Suprihatin, and Ketut Sumada. "Synthesis of Matrix Si-K-HAs Gel from Geothermal Sludge and Peat." Reaktor 18, no. 2 (June 23, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.18.2.76-83.
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The synthesis of matrix silica-potassium-humic acid gel (Si-K-HAs) has been performed successfully by gradual extraction and acidification method. The extraction was carried out in two stages: 1) extraction of humic substances from peat prepared by potassium hydroxide to produce potassium humate (K-HAS) solution, 2) extraction silica from geothermal sludge using K-HAs solution to produce Si-K-HAs solution. Acidification of Si-K-HAs solution prepared by citric acid (1-3N) to produce matrix gel of Si-K-HAs. The Si-K-HAs matrix gel products are characterized by Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), X-ray fluroscence (XRF), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The acidification process was carried out in neutral to acid (pH 3-7) conditions and the results showed that at neutral pH no Si-K-HAs gel formed. IR spectra confirmed the presence of humic acid in the gel product, whereas XRF analysis confirmed the presence of potassium (K) and silica (SiO2) in the gel product. The molar ratio of SiO2:K2O in the product is 0.9 - 0.3 in the pH range of 3-5. Si-K-HAs powder can be used as soil fertilizer especially for soils that lack silica, humic, and potassium nutrients or for future application development. Keywords: gradual extraction; geothermal sludge; matrix gel; humic substance
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Asif, Muhammad. "Comparative Study on Extraction of Humic Acid from Pakistani Coal Samples by Oxidizing the Samples with Hydrogen Peroxide." ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ajse.v2i1.35521.
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Humic Acid is soil conditioning agent, which is used for improving the soil chemistry, plant root growth and related metabolism. Pakistan is an agricultural country and about 70% of population is directly or indirectly linked to the agricultural sector. Coal is considered one of the most appropriate raw materials for humic acid. The yield of extracted humic acid from coal is inversely proportional to the rank of coal. Since, majority of Pakistani coals are of low rank, extraction of humic acid from indigenous coal may be one of the non-fuels uses of coal. Three different coal sample from Thar, Dukki and Chamalong coalfields were treated with 3% H2O2 solution for determining the impact of oxidation on humic acid yield. The yield of humic acid from H2O2 treated samples were as follows; 2.5% for Chamalong coal sample, 16.5% from Dukki, and 35% from Thar coal sample. Thar coal sample, being the lowest in rank among all experimented coal samples, yielded higher fraction of humic acid.
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Graber, E. R., and Y. Rudich. "Atmospheric HULIS: How humic-like are they? A comprehensive and critical review." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 3 (March 6, 2006): 729–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-729-2006.
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Abstract. A class of organic molecules extracted from atmospheric aerosol particles and isolated from fog and cloud water has been termed HUmic-LIke Substances (HULIS) due to a certain resemblance to terrestrial and aquatic humic and fulvic acids. In light of the interest that this class of atmospheric compounds currently attracts, we comprehensively review HULIS properties, as well as laboratory and field investigations concerning their formation and characterization in atmospheric samples. While sharing some important features such as polyacidic nature, accumulating evidence suggests that atmospheric HULIS differ substantially from terrestrial and aquatic humic substances. Major differences between HULIS and humic substances, including smaller average molecular weight, lower aromatic moiety content, greater surface activity, better droplet activation ability, as well as others, are highlighted. Several alternatives are proposed that may explain such differences: (1) the possibility that mono- and di-carboxylic acids and mineral acids abundant in the atmosphere prevent the formation of large humic "supramolecular associations"; (2) that large humic macromolecules are destroyed in the atmosphere by UV radiation, O3, and OH- radicals; (3) that "HULIS" actually consists of a complex, unresolved mixture of relatively small molecules rather than macromolecular entities; and (4) that HULIS formed via abiotic and short-lived oxidative reaction pathways differ substantially from humic substances formed over long time periods via biologically-mediated reactions. It should also be recalled that the vast majority of studies of HULIS relate to the water soluble fraction, which would include only the fulvic acid fraction of humic substances, and exclude the humic acid (base-soluble) and humin (insoluble) fractions of humic substances. A significant effort towards adopting standard extraction and characterization methods is required to develop a better and meaningful comparison between different HULIS samples.
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Vasilyeva, T. I., N. A. Rodenko, and V. A. Glushchenkov. "A method for increasing the yield of the suitable product of humic acids from raw materials using pulse-magnetic processing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2389, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2389/1/012001.
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Abstract The paper studied the effect of high-intensity pulsed magnetic fields (PMF) on extraction of humic acids in order to increase the yield of the suitable product. It is proposed to add to the technological chain of reactions for the precipitation of humic acids the operation of PMF processing of raw materials at the stage of the brawn coal suspension in alkali (the first experiment) or the alkaline extraction suspension (the second experiment).Pulse-magnetic processing the brawn coal suspension in alkali and the alkaline extraction suspension was carried out at magnetic field intensities H=0.09 106 A/m and H=0.82 106 A/m with the frequency of the discharge circuit f=40 kHz and the number of pulses n=1. The experiments have shown that when humic acids are obtained by water-alkaline extraction followed by their precipitation in an acid medium, for the highest yield of the product it is necessary to add the operation of pulse-magnetic processing a raw material at the magnetic field intensity of 0.82 106 A/m at the stage of the brawn coal suspension in alkali. It can be assumed that a high-intensity PMF contributes to the transfer of humic acids to a state conducive to their more efficient precipitation and extraction.
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Lebedev, V., D. Miroshnichenko, D. Savchenko, T. Tykhomyrova, and N. Zabiiaka. "STUDY OF BIODEGRADABLE FILMS BASED ON CELLULOSE ETHERS WITH BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES." Integrated Technologies and Energy Saving, no. 2 (July 26, 2022): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-5364.2022.2.05.
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The article shows research on the development of the latest biodegradable films with bactericidal properties based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose modified with brown coal humic acids. Hybrid biodegradable films with bactericidal properties were obtained by pouring solutions of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose with a concentration of 2 wt.%, to which different amounts of humic acid were added. When obtaining biodegradable films with bactericidal properties, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose of the Walocel™ brand manufactured by Dow Corning (USA) was used. As hybrid modifiers, humic acids were used, obtained by extraction of brown coal with an alkaline solution of sodium pyrophosphate, followed by extraction with a 1% sodium hydroxide solution and precipitation with mineral acid. Determination of water absorption of samples of biodegradable films in cold water was carried out according to ISO 62:2008, tensile strength properties of biodegradable films were determined according to ISO 527-2:2021, to measure the gas permeability of biodegradable films, the differential pressure method and a vacuum tester VAC-V1 were used. The effect of the hybrid modification of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose with lignite humic acids in terms of the studied performance characteristics increased in the direction of lignite humic acid types No. 3> No. 2> No. 1. It has been shown that hybrid modification by the mechanism of matrix synthesis of biodegradable films with bactericidal properties based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose with brown coal humic acids makes it possible to reduce their water absorption, increase the basic strength characteristics and impart antibacterial properties to them, which is confirmed by the data on the time of mold appearance. Optimum in terms of strength and performance characteristics are biodegradable films with bactericidal properties at a content of 10% wt. humic acids No. 3. In general, it has been established that hybrid modification with humic acids according to the mechanism of matrix synthesis of biodegradable films based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose makes it possible to obtain durable water-soluble films with antibacterial properties for use as packaging for dry food products (bread, cereals, nuts, etc.) with an extended shelf life. storage.
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Santi, Gita Citra, and Maya Rahmayanti. "Effect of Solution pH to Indigosol Blue Adsorption on Humic Acid Isolated from Kalimantan Peat Oil." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (March 1, 2019): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.84.
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There has been study on the isolated of humic acid and its interaction with indigosol blue. The objectives of study were to isolate humic acid from Kalimantan peat soil and to study pH optimation indigosol blue on humic acid. Isolated of humic acid using alkali extraction method with NaOH as solvent and precipitated with HCl. Humic acid was characterized using FTIR spectroscopy to determine functional group. Based on the result FTIR characterization, adsorption of humic acid was found in the wave number 3140,15 cm-1 which show the vibration of -OH, 2924,09 cm-1 show vibration of aliphatic -CH, 1705 cm-1 show vibration -C = O of COOH, 1627,92 cm-1 show vibration of C=C aromatic and 1226,73 cm-1 indicate of -OH and CO from -COOH. Based on the result of study, pH optimation of indigosol blue at pH 5.
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Schnitzer, Morris. "The in situ analysis of organic matter in soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-064.
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Traditionally, studies on soil organic matter (SOM) begin with the extraction of SOM from soils, its fractionation into humic acid, fulvic acid, and humin, followed by de-ashing of each fraction. These are tedious, laborious and inefficient procedures that do not provide any chemical information on these materials. Instead, recently developed methods such as solid-state 13C NMR and pyrolysis – field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) can now be used for the in situ analysis of SOM in soils. These methods identify the major chemical components of SOM without extractions and fractionations, and yield valuable information on the main chemical structures in these materials. A better knowledge of the structural chemistry of SOM will help SOM chemists and other soil scientists to better understand the complex chemical and biochemical reactions that occur in soils, and will enable them to develop practices that will improve soil management and soil productivity. Key words: Extraction, fractionation, solid state 13C NMR, pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry, chemical composition
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Wang, Pu Rong, Hui Xin Dai, Guo Yin Xu, and Bing Liang Xu. "Optimization of Research on the Extraction of Humic Acid from Lignite Using Response Surface Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.75.
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Extraction of humic acid from lignite is an efficient method of comprehensive utilization of resource. Based on the trial test, the main factors such as extracting time, concentration of alkaline solution and extracting temperature, which were chosen as parameters to access their effects on extracting rate and identify the optimal conditions by using RSM. Box-behnken central composite design and advanced mathematics were applied to achieve the mathematical model that could predict the response (extraction rate). The results showed that the best technological conditions could be obtained， when extracting time was 82.32min, temperature was 65.83°C and the concentration of sodium hydroxide was 0.94mol/L. Prediction model showed that the maximum extracting rate was 89.19% and the actual experiment obtained a similar result.
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Zheng, Z., P. J. He, H. Zhang, and L. M. Shao. "Role of dissolved humic substances surrogates on phthalate esters migration from sewage sludge." Water Science and Technology 57, no. 4 (March 1, 2008): 607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.030.
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The facilitated transport of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the priority endocrine disrupting chemicals in sludge, by dissolved humic substances (HS) was evaluated by batch extraction. The DBP, much less hydrophobic than DEHP, was inclined to migrate from sludge matrix into humic substances solutions, while the DEHP could not migrate facilitated by most humic and fulvic acids solutions, except the humic acid surrogate of high humification. This result revealed that the affinity of DEHP in sludge matrix exceeded DBP and was not susceptible by weak HS. The hydrophobic property controlled the association of phthalic acid esters on sludge residual phases. Migration rate of DBP was positively correlated to the weight-average molecular weight of HS surrogates and the aromatic extents of HA. Some functional groups in HS molecules benefited to the facilitated transport of DBP.
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Grimalt, J. O., B. Hermosin, I. Yruela, and C. Saiz-Jimenez. "Lipids of soil humic acids. II. Residual components after hymatomelanic acid extraction." Science of The Total Environment 81-82 (June 1989): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(89)90150-2.
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Strus, Oksana, Mariana Fedorovska, Serhii Holota, and Natalia Polovko. "Development and validation of standardization methods of aqueous sapropel extract." Pharmacia 68, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 933–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e71783.
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Methodological bases and uniform standardization criteria of humic compounds as substances for drug products have not been developed yet. This is due to the structural complexity of humic compounds, the variety of ways to extract them from natural objects, the impossibility of using many classical methods of analytical chemistry to identify and quantify humic substances (HS), the lack of standard samples. The identification of humic acids (HA) in the aqueous sapropel extract (ASE) is identified after extracting from ASE by alkaline hydrolysis by the quantification method. After further precipitation with a concentrated sulfuric acid solution characteristic dark brown color is appeared. It was carried out the HA extraction from the sample of ASE, the precipitation of HA, the oxidation of HA and Mohr’s salt titration in accordance with the methodology developed on the basis of SSTU 7083:2009. It was determined that the total mass fraction of HA in the ASE sample was 83.8 mg/g± 0.12%. The methods of identification and quantification of the total mass of HA in ASE have been developed and validated. The ASE has been standardized.
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Zara, Mona, Zeeshan Ahmad, Javaid Akhtar, Khurram Shahzad, Naseer Sheikh, and Shahid Munir. "Extraction and characterization of humic acid from Pakistani lignite coals." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 39, no. 11 (April 20, 2017): 1159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2017.1307886.
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Cheng, Gan, Zeyu Niu, Chuanxiang Zhang, Xiaoming Zhang, and Xusheng Li. "Extraction of Humic Acid from Lignite by KOH-Hydrothermal Method." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (March 31, 2019): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071356.
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Humic acid (HA) was extracted by a hydrothermal method from Huolinhe lignite from Inner Mongolia. The effects of the alkali-to-carbon mass ratio, water-to-coal mass ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the HA yield were investigated. The physicochemical characterization of the products was performed, and the reaction mechanism was explored. Raw coal, HA, and residual coal were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS), elemental composition, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses and compared to each other. The maximum HA yield (90.2%) was obtained from the 0.250–0.180 mm size fraction of the coal sample at a reaction temperature and time of 190 °C and 7 h. Proximate analysis proved that the ash and sulfur of lignite can be removed by hydrothermal treatment. Elemental analysis showed that the O/C and H/C ratios were highest for HA, followed by those for residual coal and raw coal, indicating an increase in the oxygen and hydrogen content of HA. FTIR and UV–VIS analyses showed that hydrothermal extraction destroyed the macromolecular structure of lignite. Moreover, the organics were degraded and hydrolyzed during the reaction process.
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Weber, Jerome B., M. Ray Tucker, and Robert A. Isaac. "Making Herbicide Rate Recommendations Based on Soil Tests." Weed Technology 1, no. 1 (January 1987): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00029092.
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Percent soil organic matter content, as determined by standard chromic acid oxidations, was highly (r = 0.89) correlated with soil humic matter content, as determined by NaOH/DTPA (diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid)/alcohol extraction of 201 U.S. soils. Humic matter content of the soils was equally or better correlated (r = 0.89 to 0.97) with herbicide bioactivity, as measured in field experiments, than was percent organic matter content (r = 0.87 to 0.92). Regression equations provided allow herbicide rate recommendations for 80% weed control to be calculated based on soil humic matter or soil organic matter levels.
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Nieweś, Dominik, Marta Huculak-Mączka, Magdalena Braun-Giwerska, Kinga Marecka, Aleksandra Tyc, Marcin Biegun, Krystyna Hoffmann, and Józef Hoffmann. "Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Humic Substances from Peat: Assessment of Process Efficiency and Products’ Quality." Molecules 27, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 3413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113413.
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Results of efficiency of obtaining humic substances (HSs) from peat in traditional alkaline extraction (TAE) and ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction (UAAE) are presented. The influence of the duration of the process and ultrasound intensity on the efficiency of extraction of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs) extraction was determined. The composition of the fulvic acid fraction was examined depending on the type of eluent used. Fulvic acids were divided into fractions using columns packed with DAX-8 resin. For this process, 0.1 M NaOH and 0.5 M NH3∙H2O were used as eluents. For the quality assessment of specific fulvic acids fractions, spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis and FTIR) were used. Ultrasound had a positive effect on HS extraction efficiency, especially in increasing the amount of a desired hydrophobic fraction of fulvic acids (HPO). However, a negative effect of the excessive prolongation and ultrasound intensity (approximately 400 mW∙cm−2) on the extraction efficiency of HPO eluted with 0.1 M NaOH solution was observed. Using peat as a raw carbon material for the HS extraction process can be used as an alternative industrial application of peat. UAAE may be considered as an alternative method to TAE, which provides a higher efficiency in HS isolation from peat.
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SUVOROVA, Galina N., Natalia N. VOLOGDINA, Nadezhda P. AVVAKUMOV, and Maria Y. KRIVOPALOVA. "SKELETAL MUSCLE POSTTRAUMATIC REGENERATION RESPONSE TO HUMIC PELOID MEDICATION." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.114_periodico32_pgs_96_107.pdf.
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One of the relevant tasks of current morphology is the investigation of tissue regenerative potential and research for new medications that improve recovery process efficiency. Nowadays, clinical specialists focus on medications that are based on natural compounds. However, such medication influence on the processes that occur within the injured tissues is still not identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate skeletal muscle tissue posttraumatic regeneration response to humic peloid medication, based on humic acids modified by Zinc ions. Humic acid extraction was carried out by means of patent procedure. The study included laboratory Wistar rats with hyperextension of front femur muscle. The preparations were studied by means of light and electronic microscopy and autoradiography. Histologic preparations evaluation showed that under peloid medication exposure the apolexis processes within muscle fibers rupture are inhibited, interstitial edema becomes restricted by the injured area, vessel growth into the area of damaged capillaries is stimulated, macrophages migrate and the area and duration of posttraumatic inflammation decrease. Additionally, peloid medication intake shortens the length of skeletal muscle tissue reparative histogenesis stages: myosatellitocytes are activated earlier than in the control group, myoblasts and myosymplasts are detected, the separation of nuclear sarcoplasmatic areas from partly injured muscle fibers is stimulated, myotubules appear 3 – 5 days earlier than in control group. Overall, muscle tissue regeneration efficiency increases by 21%. Obtained results allow us to conclude that peloid medication based on humic acids modified by Zinc ions positively influence the stimulation of the regeneration process. This will lead to further investigation of humic substances: fulvic, hymatomelanic, humin and humic acids of peloids as medications and their implementation in clinical practice.
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LOWE, L. E. "APPLICATION OF A SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION PROCEDURE TO THE DETERMINATION OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SULPHUR FORMS IN SELECTED PEAT MATERIALS." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss86-034.
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Total S (St), soluble sulphate, pyritic S, elemental S, carbon-bonded S (C-S) and organic sulphate S were determined on four peat samples and three sedimentary gyttja samples, one of which (Ginc.) had been subjected to aerobic incubation. A sequential extraction procedure was used to assess the distribution of St and of organic S forms in a series of peat fractions. Total S varied from 0.42 to 3.67%, with values below 1% associated only with freshwater-derived peats. The S content of brackish peat and of gyttja was consistently high and in some cases, organic S exceeded 6% of the organic matter. With the exception of Ginc., organic S accounted for a very high proportion of St (mean 94%), with C-S the dominant organic S form. Ginc. showed a very different S form distribution from the unincubated gyttja samples, with organic S accounting for only 44.5% of St, and organic sulphate-S exceeding C-S. Ginc. also had a lower pH, suggesting acidification resulting from oxidation of the organic C-S fraction during incubation. The recovery of St in seven peat (or gyttja) fractions averaged 99%, and indicated that humic acid and residue ("humin") fractions together generally accounted for most of the organic S (73.3–90.4%), with the notable exception of Ginc., for which these fractions only accounted for 42–47% of organic S. The proportion of humic acid-S increased with increase in degree of peat decomposition. The fulvic acid fraction contained variable proportions of St and had relatively more oxidized S forms than humic acid or residue fractions. Some oxidation of C-S occurred during alkaline extraction. Minor amounts of organic S were extracted with water, chloroform and ethanol-benzene. Key words: Sulphur forms, peat sulphur, gyttja, peat fractions
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Lamar, Richard T., Daniel C. Olk, Lawrence Mayhew, and Paul R. Bloom. "A New Standardized Method for Quantification of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Humic Ores and Commercial Products." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 97, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 721–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.13-393.
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Abstract Increased use of humic substances in agriculture has generated intense interest among producers, consumers, and regulators for an accurate and reliable method to quantify humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) in raw ores and products. Here we present a thoroughly validated method, the new standardized method for determination of HA and FA contents in raw humate ores and in solid and liquid products produced from them. The methods used for preparation of HA and FA were adapted according to the guidelines of the International Humic Substances Society involving alkaline extraction followed by acidification to separate HA from the fulvic fraction. This is followed by separation of FA from the fulvic fraction by adsorption on a nonionic macroporous acrylic ester resin at acid pH. It differs from previous methods in that it determines HA and FA concentrations gravimetrically on an ash-free basis. Critical steps in the method, e.g., initial test portion mass, test portion to extract volume ratio, extraction time, and acidification of alkaline extract, were optimized for maximum and consistent recovery of HA and FA. The method detection limits for HA and FA were 4.62 and 4.8 mg/L, respectively. The method quantitation limits for HA and FA were 14.7 and 15.3 mg/L, respectively.
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Rezki, Dewi, Fachri Ahmad, and Gusnidar Gusnidar. "EKSTRAKSI BAHAN HUMAT DARI BATUBARA (SUBBITUMINUS) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN 10 JENIS PELARUT." Jurnal Solum 4, no. 2 (July 2, 2007): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/js.4.2.73-80.2007.
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This experiment was conducted to extract sub-bituminous coals for obtaining humic substances by using 10 kinds of extract solutions. The best and effective solution was investigated and also the characteristics of humic substances soluble in those solution. Complete Randomize Design was used to find out the effect of treatments. Two types of coals were taken from Pasaman and Sawahlunto and the ten kinds of extract solutions were 0.1 N NaOH, 0.5 N NaOH, 0.1 M Na2CO3, 0.5 Na2CO3, 0.1 N HCl, 0.1 M Formic Acid, 0.1 M Oxalic Acid, 0.025 N HF, Ethanol 70 %, and Ethanol 90 %. Results of this laboratory experiment showed that all ten extraction solutions had the ability to extract humic substances but in different amount. The best solution that could be used effectively was 0.5 N NaOH. This solution could extract 31.5 % of humic substances from Pasaman Sub-bituminous coals, but only 15.4 % could be extracted from that of Sawahlunto. Infra Red Spectrometer was also used to identify the characteristics of functional groups appear on those humic substances extracted.Key Words: humic acid, coal
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Huang, Hsin-Liang, P. C. Lin, H. T. Wang, Hsin-Hung Huang, and Chao-Ho Wu. "Ionic Liquid Extraction Behavior of Cr(VI) Absorbed on Humic Acid–Vermiculite." Molecules 26, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 7478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26247478.
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Cr(VI) can be released into soil as a result of mining, electroplating, and smelting operations. Due to the high toxicity of Cr(VI), its removal is necessary in order to protect ecosystems. Vermiculite is applied in situations where there is a high degree of metal pollution, as it is helpful during the remediation process due to its high cation exchange capacity. The Cr(VI) contained in the vermiculite should be extracted in order to recover it and to reduce the impact on the environment. In this work, adsorption equilibrium data for Cr(VI) in a simulated sorbent for soil remediation (a mixture that included both humic acid (HA) and vermiculite) were a good fit with the Langmuir isotherm model. The simulated sorbent for soil remediation was a favorable sorbent for Cr(VI) when it was in the test soil. An ionic liquid, [C4mim]Cl (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride), was studied to determine its efficiency in extracting Cr(VI) from the Cr- contaminated simulated sorbent in soil remediation. At 298 K and within 30 min, approximately 33.48 ± 0.79% of Cr(VI) in the simulated sorbent in soil remediation was extracted into [C4mim]Cl. Using FTIR spectroscopy, the absorbance intensities of the bands at 1032 and 1010 cm−1, which were attributed to C-O bond stretching in the polysaccharides of HA, were used to detect the changes in HA in the Cr-contaminated simulated sorbent for soil remediation before and after extraction. The results showed that Cr(VI) that has been absorbed on HA can be extracted into [C4mim]Cl. Using 1H NMR, it was observed that the 1-methylimizadole of [C4mim] Cl played an important role in the extraction of Cr(VI), which bonded with HA on vermiculite and was able to be transformed into the [C4mim]Cl phase.
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Liu, Borui, Qing Huang, Yuefeng Su, Mengyuan Wang, Ryan M. Kelly, and Liuye Sun. "Speciation of nickel and enzyme activities in fluvo-aquic soil under organic amendments treatment." Soil Research 56, no. 5 (2018): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr17330.
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To investigate the efficacy of humic acid and cow dung for nickel (Ni) immobilisation and detoxification in fluvo-aquic soil, the Ni-polluted soil was mixed with amendments of humic acid and cow dung. The Ni speciation (modified BCR sequential extraction method) and enzyme activities were scrutinised. As the humic acid concentration increased (0 to 12 g kg–1), the amount of Ni in the acetic acid-soluble fraction (the bioavailable fraction with high environmental risk) first decreased and then increased. In contrast, the amount of Ni in this fraction continued to decrease as the cow dung concentration increased (P < 0.05). The Ni in the acetic acid-soluble and residual fractions transformed to the oxidisable fraction, leading to lower environmental risk. The fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and alkaline phosphatase activity were negatively correlated with the amount of Ni in the acetic acid-soluble fraction (r = –0.695 and –0.773, respectively, P < 0.01), indicating that Ni in the acetic acid-soluble fraction was toxic and led to enzyme activity inhibition, and the amendments could reduce subsequent damage. When humic acid concentration ranged from 5.01 to 6.47 g kg–1, the acetic acid-soluble Ni level reached the minimum, while the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and the alkaline phosphatase activity reached their maxima. In conclusion, humic acid and cow dung are effective amendments for Ni immobilisation and reduce devastation of soil enzymes. The humic acid concentration should be between 5.01 and 6.47 g kg–1 to achieve the optimum efficacy.
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Trtić-Petrović, Tatjana, and Jan Åke Jönsson. "Application of SLM extraction for investigation of metal-humic acid bindings." Desalination 148, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(02)00705-1.
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Barot, N. S., and H. K. Bagla. "Extraction of humic acid from biological matrix – dry cow dung powder." Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 2, no. 4 (December 2009): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17518250903334290.
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Vialykh, E. A., S. A. Ilarionov, H. M. Abdelrahman, and I. A. Vialykh. "Changes in amino acids content of humic acids sequentially extracted from peat and sod–Podzolic soil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, no. 5 (November 2014): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-064.
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Vialykh, E. A., Ilarionov, S. A., Abdelrahman, H. M. and Vialykh, I. A. 2014. Changes in amino acids content of humic acids sequentially extracted from peat and sod–Podzolic soil. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 575–583. Amino acids (AA) and peptides are thought to be part of humic acids (HA), but debate whether they are an integral part of the HA is still going. Humic acids sequentially extracted from peat and sod-podzolic soil were analyzed for their AA content, elemental composition and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Extracted HA were hydrolyzed in 6 M HCl for 16 h for AA release, which was detected by a capillary electrophoresis system. Alanine, arginine, sum of aspartic acid and asparagine, sum of cysteic acid and cysteine, sum of glutamic acid and glutamine, glycine, histidine, leucine and isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine, valine were identified. The total content of hydrolyzable AA in sod-Podzol HA increased by 6.2–8.2% with increasing the extraction cycles while an inverse tendency was observed for AA released from peat HA. Moreover, individual AA expressed as percentages of total AA were constant values with coefficients of variation lower than 20% for the studied HA.
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Sinitsyna, A. O., P. V. Karnozhitskiy, D. V. Miroshnichenko, and D. Y. Bilets. "The use of brown coal in Ukraine to obtain water-soluble sorbents." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-4/005.
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Purpose. To develop a method of using salts of humic acids obtained from brown coal of Ukraine for sorption of heavy metal ions and their extraction using ultrafiltration membranes. Methodology. Unique laboratory equipment has been developed to determine the sorption capacity of humic substances with a concentration of 0 to 20 mg/l in relation to heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Co2+) with a concentration of 5 mg/l. The results of proximate and ultimate analyzes, as well as infrared and optical emission spectroscopy were used to assess the quality of brown coal, humic substances and the solution of humic substances with heavy metal ions. Findings. Ukrainian brown coal of Oleksandriia geological-industrial district contains a large amount (about 80%) of humic acid, which is the basis for obtaining effective water-soluble sorbents. It is proved that humic substances obtained from brown coal of Ukraine allow binding up to 99% of heavy metal ions in complexes. The most optimal concentration of humic substances in terms of their concentration and selectivity of heavy metal ions extraction is 5 mg/l. Originality. The possibility of practical using of humic substances obtained from brown coal of Ukraine for sorption of heavy metal ions has been proved. As ultrafiltration membranes, UF-20-PAN membranes are used, which are porous polymer films based on polyacrylonitrile with a pore size of 20 m, the working surface area of the membrane is 28.26 10-4 m2. Practical value. The introduction of the developed technology will allow, firstly, restoring the practical use of large deposits of brown coal in Ukraine, and secondly, introducing deep treatment of industrial and wastewater.
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Rong, Qun, Kai Zhong, He Huang, Chuanzhang Li, Chaolan Zhang, and Xinyu Nong. "Humic Acid Reduces the Available Cadmium, Copper, Lead, and Zinc in Soil and Their Uptake by Tobacco." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 1077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031077.
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Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a crop that is able to accumulate metals. In this study, humic acid was selected as a Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn passivator, and added to calcareous field soil in amounts of 6.4, 10.3, and 14.8 kg·ha−1. Its impact on the soil fractions of the metals in the soil was extracted by the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction method, and their accumulation of the metals in tobacco leaves was investigated. Application of 14.8 kg·ha−1 humic acid decreased the DTPA-extracted concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by 39%, 37%, 29%, and 18%, respectively, as compared with untreated soil. The fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn in soil were extracted by the BCR sequential extraction method, and the relationship between the difference metal fractions in the soil and the metal contents in the plant materials were analyzed. The exchangeable fractions of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn and the reducible fractions of Pb and Cu are the main bioavailable fractions. Additionally, the reducible fractions of Cd and Zn, the oxidizable fractions of Pb, Cu, and Zn, and all residual fractions of metals were nonbioavailable fractions in the soil. The soils were treated with humic acid (HA) to shift bioavailable metals to stable phases that were less bioavailable. The available Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn were strongly retained in the soil after the application of humic acid, which decreased the uptake in tobacco in the upper, middle, and lower leaves.
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Tonneijck, Femke H., Johannes van der Plicht, Boris Jansen, Jacobus M. Verstraten, and Henry Hooghiemstra. "Radiocarbon Dating of Soil Organic Matter Fractions in Andosols in Northern Ecuador." Radiocarbon 48, no. 3 (2006): 337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200038790.
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Volcanic ash soils (Andosols) may offer great opportunities for paleoecological studies, as suggested by their characteristic accumulation of organic matter (OM). However, understanding of the chronostratigraphy of soil organic matter (SOM) is required. Therefore, radiocarbon dating of SOM is necessary, but unfortunately not straightforward. Dating of fractions of SOM obtained by alkali-acid extraction is promising, but which fraction (humic acid or humin) renders the most accurate 14C dates is still subject to debate. To determine which fraction should be used for 14C dating of Andosols and to evaluate if the chronostratigraphy of SOM is suitable for paleoecological research, we measured 14C ages of both fractions and related calibrated ages to soil depth for Andosols in northern Ecuador. We compared the time frames covered by the Andosols with those of peat sequences nearby to provide independent evidence. Humic acid (HA) was significantly older than humin, except for the mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor (organic horizons), where the opposite was true. In peat sections, 14C ages of HA and humin were equally accurate. In the soils, calibrated ages increased significantly with increasing depth. Age inversions and homogenization were not observed at the applied sampling distances. We conclude that in Andosols lacking a thick organic horizon, dating of HA renders the most accurate results, since humin was contaminated by roots. On the other hand, in mineral soil samples just beneath a forest floor, humin ages were more accurate because HA was then contaminated by younger HA illuviated from the organic horizons. Overall, the chronostratigraphy of SOM in the studied Andosols appears to be suitable for paleoecological research.
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Speltini, Andrea, Francesca Merlo, Federica Maraschi, Giorgio Marrubini, Anna Faravelli, and Antonella Profumo. "Magnetic Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction Using a Novel Carbon-Based Composite Coupled with HPLC–MS/MS for Steroid Multiclass Determination in Human Plasma." Molecules 26, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072061.
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A micron-sized sorbent, Magn-Humic, has been prepared by humic acids pyrolysis onto silica-coated magnetite. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area measurements and applied for simultaneous magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of glucocorticoids, estrogens, progestogens, and androgens at ng mL−1 levels from human plasma followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS/MS). Due to the low affinity for proteins, steroids extraction was done with no need for proteins precipitation/centrifugation. As highlighted by a design of experiments, MSPE was performed on 250 µL plasma (after 1:4 dilution) by 50 mg Magn-Humic (reusable for eight extractions) achieving quantitative recovery and satisfying clean-up. This was improved by washing (2 mL 2% v/v formic acid) prior to analytes elution by 0.5 mL 1:1 v/v methanol-acetonitrile followed by 0.5 mL methanol; eluate reduction to 0.25 mL compensated the initial sample dilution. The accuracy was assessed in certified blank fetal bovine serum and in human plasma, gaining satisfactory recovery in the range 65–122%, detection limits in the range 0.02–0.3 ng mL−1 (0.8 ng mL−1 for 17-β-estradiol) and suitable inter-day precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) <14%, n = 3). The method was evaluated in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, matrix-effect, instrumental carry-over, and it was applied to human plasma samples.
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Ghouas, H., B. Haddou, M. Kameche, Z. Derriche, and C. Gourdon. "Extraction of humic acid by coacervate: Investigation of direct and back processes." Journal of Hazardous Materials 205-206 (February 2012): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.057.
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Zherebtsov, S. I., N. V. Malyshenko, L. V. Bryukhovetskaya, S. Yu Lyrshchikov, and Z. R. Ismagilov. "Copper Sorption by Coal Substances from Aqueous Solutions." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 17, no. 2 (March 11, 2015): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj207.
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<p>The copper cations sorption by brown coal, humic acids and residual coal samples after the extraction of humic acid was studied by using the methods of spectroscopy FT-IR, EPR, Solid State CP/MAS <sup>13</sup>C-NMR. Samples of lignite (brown coal) of the Tisulsky deposit (TL) of Kansk-Achinsk brown coal basin (Russia), its naturaloxidized form (NOLF), as well as samples of the humic acids (HA) extracted from them, and the residual coal after the extraction of humic acids (RC) were used as sorbents. The copper cations sorption process by the investigated samples depends on contribution of several mechanisms in varying degrees. It may be an ion exchange; complexation with the functional groups of the electron donor; complexation to form the bond Me<sup>z+</sup> – HA due to the presence of the free π-electrons on the surface. The quantity of adsorbed copper cations depends on the functional and structural composition of the investigated samples. The copper cations sorption by the coals, humic acids and residual coals reduces the number of paramagnetic centers in the samples and the intensity of the NMR spectra. The copper cations sorption by HA from TL is determined by the significant contribution of the ion exchange process. HA from NOLF; initial TL and NOLF; RC TL and RC NOLF sorb copper cations mainly due to the formation of complexes with individual functional groups and the negatively charged surface portions. The data of <sup>13</sup>C-NMR and EPR studies have shown that the aromatic structures make the main contribution to the complexation.</p>
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Pushkarev, V., I. Rudenko, O. Zubko, and V. Dolin. "NITROGEN AND HUMIC ACID ACTIVATION OF ALUMOSILICATES FOR IMPROVING THE ADSORPTION OF TRITIUM FROM WATER SOLUTIONS." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (84) (2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.84.02.
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The urgent problem of protecting the environment from the impact of enterprises of the fuel nuclear power complex is the search for effective means to localize tritium from industrial wastewater. In the practice of preventing environmental pollution with industrial waste, mineral adsorbents, among which a significant place is occupied by bentonite (that is, montmorillonite) and palygorskite clays and minerals from the group of zeolites (clinoptilolites and others) are widely used. To increase the adsorption capacity of mineral adsorbents, various methods for their activation are being developed. To assess the effectiveness of the activation of the adsorption capacity of such mineral adsorbents on the removal of tritium from aqueous solutions, a series of experiments was performed, where nitric and humic acids were used as activators. As a result of the work performed, it was found that acid activation increases the removal of tritium from aqueous solutions by 6% in montmorillonite and 52% in palygorskite. A further modification with humic acid, respectively, increases the removal of tritium from aqueous solutions by montmorillonite by an additional 33% (39% in total) and in palygorskite by 16% (68% in total). Activation of clinoptilolite by nitric and humic acids was not effective in increasing the extraction of tritium from aqueous solutions.
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Yuan, Yang, Ji Ping Liu, Zhuo Chen, and Hong Cheng Li. "Extraction Study of Nitro Humic Acid from Lignite by Dry and Wet Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 483 (December 2013): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.483.119.
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Nitro humic acid was extracted from lignite of Guizhou Anshun, which production condition and process were studied. The results show that the optimum conditions of dry process are concentration of nitric acid of 40%, reaction temperature of 95°C, reaction time of 5 min. The optimum conditions of wet process production are concentrations of nitric acid of 20% ~ 25%, the solid-liquid ratio of 1:1.25 (weight ratio), reaction temperature of 80 ~ 85°C, and reaction time of 30 min.
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Roy, J. L., and W. B. McGill. "Investigation into mechanisms leading to the development, spread and persistence of soil water repellency following contamination by crude oil." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80, no. 4 (November 1, 2000): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s99-091.
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We investigated mechanisms by which soil water repellency may develop, spread and persist at old crude oil spill sites. We tested if its development may be due to soil sorption of vapour-phase petroleum compounds, its spread due to mechanical dispersal and mixing, and its persistence due to association of causative agents with humin and soil mineral surfaces. Development. Readily wettable soils acquired water repellency following 60 d of storage in the presence of oil-contaminated subsoil material. Change in soil wettability was attributed to soil sorption of vapour-phase petroleum compounds emanating from the contaminated material. We cite literature reports indicating that liquid-phase petroleum compounds can also cause soil water repellency. To that effect, we report how we tested and finally rejected the hypothesis that sorption of petroleum asphaltenes might be the sole cause of soil water repellency. Spread. We describe how mixing one mass unit of water-repellent soil with two to four mass units of wettable adjacent soil is sufficient to impart severe water repellency to soil mixes from three sites. Persistence. The water-repellent condition found at old crude oil spill sites is highly resistant to natural weathering and nondestructive extraction procedures. We show here that it also resists exhaustive extraction with 0.1 M NaOH and conclude that causative agents of soil water repellency are at least not solely associated with humic and fulvic acid fractions. Key words: Soil water repellency, asphaltenes, cultivation, humic acids, sorption, crude oil
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Cherkinsky, Alexander, and Kristi Wallace. "Radiocarbon Age of Soil Organic Matter Fractions Buried by Tephra in Alaska." Radiocarbon 59, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2016.47.
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AbstractRadiocarbon ages were determined on different fractions extracted from buried paleosols in south-central Alaska as an experiment to establish best practices for analysis of low-organic-matter paleosols. Seven samples were collected from directly beneath tephra deposits to determine the eruption frequency of Mount Spurr Volcano, Alaska. Soil development near the volcano is poor due to the high-latitude climate and frequent burial of soil surfaces by tephra. Contamination of soils by local wind-blown material is a concern. The humic acid 14C ages are consistently younger than both the bulk soil and residue after extraction ages. The difference in ages between the humic acid extract and bulk soil range from 60–1130 14C yr BP and 180–4110 14C yr BP, respectively, for residue. Previous observations from dating different soil fractions show that residue ages are typically younger than humic acid extracts presumably because they contain a fraction of younger plant material including roots. We attribute the older ages to contamination by old carbon from eolian charcoal particles. This study supports the use of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dating of the humic acid fraction in order to estimate the age of soil that presumably marks the age of burial and avoids suspected contamination by old carbon.
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Mohd Sabari, Siti Nurul Umira, Saw Hong Loh, Sazlinda Kamaruzaman, Noorfatimah Yahaya, and Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik. "Micro-Solid Phase Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water using either C18 or Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Membranes: Analytical Merits and Limitations." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5001-13.
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Sample pre-treatment is often the bottleneck in an analytical process. Due to the drawbacks of conventional sample pre-treatment methods, microextraction utilizing lower amounts of adsorbents and organic solvents are therefore favoured. A micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) technique coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was successfully developed for the analysis of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PA Hs), namely phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, in environmental water. In this study, μ-SPE techniques using C18 and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes were optimized, validated, and applied to the analysis of selected PA Hs in environmental water samples. The analytical merits were compared, and the two methods were evaluated in terms of linearity, repeatability, and relative recovery. Under the optimal extraction conditions, both μ-SPE techniques using either C18 or MIP membranes as the adsorbents offered comparable ultratrace analysis of the selected PA Hs in the range of 0.003 to 0.01 μg L–1. The extraction strength of C18 membranes was superior to that of MIP membranes for the extraction of low molecular weights PA Hs from water in the presence of humic acid as a matrix factor. The C18membranes overcome the non-covalence interaction between PA Hs and humic acid and thus achieve better recovery.
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Zou, Jianmei, Huichun Zhang, Dongbei Yue, and Jianzhi Huang. "Is the traditional alkali extraction method valid in isolating chemically distinct humic acid?" Chemical Engineering Journal Advances 6 (May 2021): 100077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceja.2020.100077.
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