Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Hume'
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Gulcan, Nur Yeliz. "Hume'." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609088/index.pdf.
Full texts moral theory as expressed in his two main books, Treatise and Enquiry and to show the defects of this theory. Without explaining some basic doctrines such as moral motivation, moral judgment, sympathy, passions, virtues, justice e.t.c., it is not possible to understand Hume&rsquo
s moral theory. To this aim, first, Hume&rsquo
s moral theory is explained in detail. Next, in order to provide a deeper understanding of the theory, its relation with his epistemology and his aesthetics are explained. Afterwards, few philosophers who influenced Hume&rsquo
s thought such as Hobbes, Mandeville, Hutcheson have been briefly discussed. Consequently, it is claimed that Hume&rsquo
s moral theory has a heterogeneous structure so it is difficult to understand his moral theory. Hume&rsquo
s moral theory contains an ambiguity due to his conception of sympathy, which has led to some misinterpretations.
Le, Jallé Éléonore. "L'autorégulation chez Hume." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100165.
Full textHuman Nature, as described by Hume, may be characterized as a self-organized system. Such is the meaning of the « inventivity » of this species. Many principles of human nature are able to change their own direction whenever this change is required by the sability or the preservation of the whole. Within the system « of the Understanding », the imagination is a kind of regulating faculty, which is able to control and to correct its own disordered propensities. This faculty maintains a vital logics which preserves judgment whenever formal logics threatens to suspend or to destroy it. Thanks to the spontaneous change of direction of a particularly inventive passion, i. E. « the love of gain », the natural system of the passions gives rise to an artificial system of institutions ; also a self-organized system. Self-organization may be applied to the science of Human Nature. Since Human Nature is the science of Man, the principles of the science are equal to the principles ot the object of the science, and self-organization characterizes both of them. Thus, the philosophical writing process turns out to be nothing but a propensity, which is able to change its own direction, while increasing its own satisfaction
Krohmer, Belinda. "David Hume, essayist /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full textRowan, Michael. "Hume, probability and induction." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr877.pdf.
Full textZimmermann, Flávio Miguel de Oliveira. "Hume e o ceticismo moderno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-10122010-105833/.
Full textIn general, there are two ways to study Humes skepticism: comparing his ideas to Pyrrhonic skeptic, in spite of his disapproval, and comparing him to academic philosophers, following the authors recommendations. However, there is another way to interpret Humes skepticism, namely, evaluating how he differs from Pyrrhonic and academician philosophers. The better approach is to compare Humes skepticism to other skepticss conceptions of Humes age. The main goal of the present thesis is put in evidence these approaches to understanding modern skepticism and, specifically, a way to compare it to Humes skepticism.
Lightner, David Eric. "Hume on possibility and necessity /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487936356159386.
Full textGarral, Michael D. "Hume and the evaluative realm." Available to US Hopkins community, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/dlnow/3068151.
Full textAlbieri, Sara. "David Hume : filosofo e historiador." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 1993. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75870.
Full textKrauthausen, Udo. "Die Moralphilosophie des David Hume und ihre Aktualität in der Rechtsphilosophie." München Utz, 2009. http://d-nb.info/994321767/04.
Full textClaisse, Thomas. "Hume et la mélancolie sceptique : une approche par la dynamique des discours." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30050/document.
Full textThe melancholic speech of Hume, placed in the term of the first book of its early work, puts in danger the philosophy, by drawing the necessary conclusions of an empiricist theory of the knowledge
Allwood, Anna-Lucy. "The imagination in Hume and Kant." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320804.
Full textBergont, Sophie. "Raison et empirisme chez David Hume." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H214/document.
Full textHume is commonly seen as an empiricist philosopher and as a critic of reason. The project of this thesis is to examine the relation between these two characterizations, and to highlight the way that Hume expands empiricism into the faculty of reason, resulting in a new conception of the understanding, which is both empirical and skeptical. In opposition to the generally accepted idea, which states that Hume's theory of reason is set against "metaphysical" or "rationalist" conceptions of this faculty, the thesis argues that, in his account of reason, Hume mainly critiques "empiricist" philosophers. These thinkers are critiqued for being confined to a superficial view of experience. Through an exploration of several fields (theory of experience, theory of the passions, theory of morals, history, contemporary sciences, such as mechanics), it is shown that Hume's critique of reason stems from an extension and intensification of empiricism. This demonstration challenges the traditional view of Hume, as the heir to the "empiricist" tradition (particularly Locke and Hutcheson) and as a mere critic of the "rationalist" philosophers (particularly Leibniz and Malebranche). These positions, which seem at first sight surprising, are rooted in the demand that experience be analysed : it is only through analysing the immediate and ordinary experience we have of our reasoning that we can arrive at a true account of the powers of reason, and give new ground to the question of the legitimacy of reason to govern our beliefs
Ferraz, Marilia Cortes de. "Liberdade e imputabilidade moral em Hume." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281518.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T09:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraz_MariliaCortesde_M.pdf: 594205 bytes, checksum: fb169b56cfd9f1eb5975fe5b78c0f24c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A dissertação examina a análise de Hume dos conceitos de liberdade e imputabilidade moral. O texto de referência para a pesquisa é a seção VIII da Investigação sobre o entendimento humano. Mostro, a partir do estudo dessa seção, em que sentido os conceitos de liberdade e necessidade são compatíveis para Hume. Para tanto, analiso o compatibilismo humeano enfatizando a unidade explicativa que o autor esposa claramente na obra citada. De fato, Hume, em seu exame das noções de liberdade e necessidade anuncia introduzir novidades que prometem ao menos algum resultado na decisão da controvérsia entre a doutrina da necessidade e a doutrina da liberdade (da vontade). Ele propõe um 'projeto de reconciliação¿ (reconciling project) que consiste em mostrar que liberdade e necessidade são perfeitamente compatíveis entre si, e que afirmar que as ações humanas são livres não é afirmar que estejam fora do âmbito da necessidade, mas apenas que se realizaram sem constrangimento. Em seguida, esclareço as razões que conduzem à crença na vontade livre, crença esta infundada, segundo Hume. Por fim, procuro estabelecer as conseqüências que o compatibilismo humeano traz para a noção de responsabilidade moral. Hume entende que não só é perfeitamente possível explicar os juízos morais pelo seu compatibilismo, como também que o seu compatibilismo é a única alternativa de fato consistente para dar conta dos ajuizamentos que fazemos acerca da moralidade. Entendo que a explicação dos juízos morais de imputabilidade oferecida por Hume representa uma hipótese altamente persuasiva e com vigor suficiente para responder a objeções geralmente apresentadas pelos incompatibilistas
Abstract: The dissertation examines the analysis of Hume of the concepts of freedom and moral imputability. The text of reference for the research is section VIII of the Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. I show, from the study of this section, how freedom and necessity are compatible for Hume. To this effect, I analyze the humean compatibilism emphasizing the unit of the explanation that the author maintains in the cited work. Hume, in his examination of freedom and necessity, announces a new approach that promises at least some results for the decision of the controversy between the doctrine of the necessity and the doctrine of the freedom (of the will). He proposes a conciliatory project that consists in showing that freedom and necessity are perfectly compatible, and that to say that the human actions are free is not to say that they are out of the scope of the necessity, but only that they are without constraint. After that, I clarify the reasons that lead to the belief in free will, which is baseless according to Hume. Finally, I establish the consequences that humean compatibilism brings for the notion of moral responsibility. Hume understands not only that it is perfectly possible to explain moral judgments by means of his compatibilism, but also that his compatibilism is the only consistent alternative to account for moral judgement. I understand that the explanation of moral judgments of imputability offered by Hume represents a highly persuasive hypothesis, and strong enough to answer the objections generally raised by incompatibilists
Mestrado
Filosofia Moral
Mestre em Filosofia
Falcão, Dircilene da Mota. "Filosofia e retórica em David Hume." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-07042015-104136/.
Full textA close comparison between David Hume\'s first work A Treatise of Human Nature, and An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding and An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, in which the first work was reedited, reveals a considerable difference on the writings of the philosopher. Most likelly taken by a deep deception upon his early work, Hume rewrites them adopting changes on his style and on the focus of his discussions in order to make them closer to his philosophical convictions. As a tool on this process, Hume makes a conscious use of rhetoric, chosing in his investigations to utilize evident rhetorical resources which vary from focus and final goal of these works, to the choice for a concise speech, over the diffuse one utilized on the writing of the Treatise. Such changes follow well defined aesthetic patterns, however they fundamentally try to approximate the humian writing to the author\'s basic philosophical precepts, represented by concepts such as creed and imagination. Thus, making use of rhetoric as an attempt to respect the fundamentals of his own philosophy, Hume develops what may be called a kind of philosophy of writing
Santos, Hamilton Fernando dos. "Gosto e Filosofia em David Hume." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-28032013-104330/.
Full textThe following dissertation is an investigation of the position of David Hume concerning the question of taste in the 18th century. The issue of taste is widespread in much of the Scottish philosopher\'s works, but particularly in his essay Of the Standard of Taste (1757) he studies the way in which people elaborate patterns to make aesthetic judgments. In the essay the object of this dissertation Hume notes the great variety of tastes which prevails in the world and he also notes that the concepts of beauty and deformity depend on how each of them is experienced. Therefore, nothing can be said to be ugly or beautiful, according to this aesthetic relativism. This paper will examine the arguments Hume articulates in addressing and resolving the threat this skepticism poses to the notion of taste and to the possibility of art criticism.
Cachel, Andrea. "Regras gerais e racionalidade em Hume." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-28042010-132312/.
Full textIn \"A Treatise of Human Nature\", Hume claims that there are two manners through which custom influences the production of inferences, namely, according to regular and irregular principles of imagination. Consequently, he stipulates certain general rules in order to point out the influence of custom on the first manner, circumscribing the realm of cause and effect to it. This thesis investigates these rules as well as their consequences regarding the establishment of the boundaries between reason and imagination. Considering that, according to Hume, there is not any racional justification to the cause-effect relationship, first we must question which is the parameter that allow us to separare, in reasoning, regular and irregular operation of the imagination. On the other hand, we intent to point in what extend a new notion of experimental rationality is constituted from the intervention of this new criteria. We also intent to discuss how the estabilization of understanding act works over imagination, which is placed in the range of normativity established by regulation, through the general rules of judgment.
Tedesco, Thiago Nantes. "David Hume e o padrão moral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-29092015-163508/.
Full textThis dissertation aims to comprehend the concept of moral standard in David Humes philosophy. Why is it important? The moral standard regulates moral judgments. All value judgments depend on taste and on sentiments of pleasure or dislike. But what is taste? What objects does it judge? How does it make judgments? The object of taste on morals is personal character. The virtuous character causes pleasure, the vicious character causes disgust. We feel pleasure with a virtuous character, for he promotes the happiness of the human species. We feel pleasure with the happiness of our species because of an instinct denominated benevolence. We all have this instinct, there is a human nature. Some judgments of taste are defective, but refinement corrects them. The moral standard is instituted by the refined taste of individuals who contemplated human nature. They are called moralists. Moralists humanize humanity. These are the principal theses here examined.
Reis, Nilo Henrique Neves dos. "Hume e Machiavelli: fronteiras e afinidades." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11838.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This thesis seeks to identify the presence of Niccolò Machiavelli's thinking within David Hume's writings. Both were theorists of political realism. Since the writings of Machiavelli had been circulating in England during the eighteenth century, it is plausible to consider that the next generation following the Florentine found inspiration in new political constructions arising from their readings of Machiavelli. With regard to Hume, both Humanist and Renaissance concepts served as necessary tools with which to base his critique of the British political system. As a moderate figure in political issues, Hume disagreed with the basic characteristics of the monarchic republican model called mixed in effect in the English nation, which according to Hume, favored recurring crises, oscillating between the two forms monarchy and republic - without focusing on one in particular. This system permitted that private interests enter in juxtaposition to collective ones, through the parliamentarians. Hume works with the interpretations of the authors of his time, and deepens the political issue with his own originality. Similar to the Florentine perspective, Hume suggests the effective monarchy as the way to put an end to the deficiencies of the system. It is necessary, however, to identify certain features (human nature, history, faction, trade), because Hume did not leave these marks in an evident way. Indeed, Hume seems to disguise the conceptual itinerary that associated him to his privileged interlocutor. Nevertheless he was aware that a connection would hinder somehow, a useful reading of his writings, as a result of the prejudice and of the negative criticisms that were attached to the Italian thinker
Procura-se identificar a presença do pensamento de Niccolò Machiavelli nos escritos de David Hume, ambos teóricos do realismo político. Tendo os escritos de Maquiavel circulado na Inglaterra do século XVIII, torna-se plausível afirmar que os pósteros do Florentino tenham se inspirado em novas construções políticas a partir de suas leituras. No caso de Hume, os conceitos dos humanistas e renascentistas serviram como ferramentas necessárias para embasar suas críticas ao sistema político britânico. Como um moderado em assuntos de política, ele estava em desacordo com as características do modelo monárquico republicano, denominado misto, vigente na nação inglesa que, segundo ele, favorece crises recorrentes à medida que oscila entre duas formas, monarquia e república, sem se fixar em uma determinada. Tal sistema permite que os interesses particulares justaponham aos coletivos, através dos parlamentares. Hume parte das interpretações dos autores de sua época e aprofunda com originalidade a política. De modo semelhante ao Florentino, aponta a monarquia efetiva como o caminho para findar as deficiências do sistema. É preciso, contudo, identificar estes traços (natureza humana, história, facção, comércio), pois ele não deixou estas marcas evidentes. Em verdade, Hume parece disfarçar o itinerário conceitual que o associava ao seu interlocutor privilegiado. Tinha, todavia, consciência de que essa ligação dificultaria, de algum modo, a leitura profícua de seus escritos, em virtude do preconceito e da crítica negativa que estava adstrita ao pensador italiano
Laux, Evelise Rosane Treptow. "Do argumento do desígnio: David Hume." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/3471.
Full textThis study we proposed an investigation of the criticisms of David Hume about 'Argument from Design', existing in his book Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. These criticisms are aimed to point out the weaknesses of that argument, as the foundation of the theory that advocates the creation of the world from God. We also aim to clarify the dialectical and argumentative Humean way, which, from an empiricist perspective, proposes that all knowledge can, only, comes from a sensitive experience. Hume is unable or refute and destroy this argument, if propose an alternative to replace, is what we examine in the present. The book is composed by four chapters, and we begin by presenting the 'Argument from Design', in the form that became known. Then, we will effectively contact the book Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, going through approach the construction of the criticisms developed by Hume (Philo) to finally demonstrate that, despite appearing to have Philo, has failed in dialogue - a feat that only confirms the mastery of language Hume - ratified under a veil of discretion, the position taken throughout the dialogue.
Neste estudo nos propusemos a uma investigação das críticas de David Hume ao ‘Argumento do Desígnio’, existente em seu livro Diálogos sobre a Religião Natural. Críticas essas que têm por finalidade apontar as fragilidades do referido argumento, como fundamento da teoria que defende a criação do mundo a partir de Deus. Objetivamos também, explicitar o caminho dialético e argumentativo humeano, que a partir de uma perspectiva empirista, propõe que todo o conhecimento pode, somente, provir da experiência sensível. Se Hume consegue ou não refutar e destruir esse argumento e, se propõe ou não alguma alternativa para substituição, é o que examinaremos no presente. De um total de quatro capítulos, começaremos por apresentar o ‘Argumento do Desígnio’, na forma em que ficou conhecido. A seguir entraremos, efetivamente em contato com o livro Diálogos sobre a Religião Natural, passando então à abordagem da construção das críticas elaboradas por Hume (Filo) para, finalmente demonstrarmos que, apesar de parecer ter Filo, sido vencido no diálogo - num feito que só corrobora a maestria linguística humeana - ratifica, sob um véu de discrição, a posição assumida durante todo o diálogo.
Belaúnde, Barriga José. "Hume and the contention of superstitions." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113142.
Full textEn este artículo se presenta una interpretación del conocido párrafo final de la Historia natural de la religión, mediante un examen de esta obra y de sus relaciones con otras obras de Hume. El objetivo de este estudio es proporcionar las claves para entender la crítica de Hume a una religión natural racional mente fundada. La tesis principal sostieneque Hume. mediante un análisis histórico del proceso de la creencia religiosa a partir de los principios de la naturaleza humana, destruye el sustento para una religión racional independiente o autónoma respecto a la superstición. Toda modalidad de religión es. por consiguiente, unau otra forma de creencia supersticiosa.
Larruscahim, Márcio. "Os elementos da filosofia de Hume." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13821.
Full textThe present work tries to show that, for Hume to be able to make the distinctions he intends to make at the beginning of A Treatise of Human Nature, between impressions and ideas, and between ideas of imagination and ideas of memory, Hume needs to make use of elements which are not given empirically, such as belief in an external world, attitudes towards perceptions (belief), and propensities of the mind. However, we argue that they are neither unexamined presuppositions made by Hume, nor accessory measures used to solve problems as they begin to show up in his philosophy; rather, they are necessary elements of his philosophy, thoroughly worked by him, and without which the understanding of Hume’s philosophy would become very limited.
Lunardi, Giovani Mendonça. "Sensibilidade moral e normatividade em Hume." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17668.
Full textDavid Hume's moral philosophy is mainly understood as a representative of a normative scepticism and also as a psychologised morality. Such conceptions privilege a reading habit of humeans texts influenced by the so called "theories of the practical reason'" stating that his philosophical system does not contemplate the rationality structure necessary for the grounds of normativity of morality. As opposed to this, the present investigation supports the idea that humean moral philosophy allows a normative interpretation by examining "dynamic of feelings" present in human nature. The normativity of moral is established, according to the Scottish philosopher, from the evaluative contents of natural feelings of "pain" and "pleasure" in which, we immediately "feel". However, that does not mean that his moral philosophy can be reduced to pure hedonism, subjectivism or moral relativism. We support the idea that moral sensibility, according to Hume, provides discrimination of worthy human actions through communication of the feelings (sympathy) evaluative from an impartial point of view (judicious spectator). Such "dynamic of feelings" is what we call normativity as reflexivity, in other words, successful reflexivity producing normative outcome. Our thesis concludes that according to the Scottish philosopher's view, the normativity of morality question can be answered from the following perspectives: from natural feelings' worth rather than from the worth imposed by practical reason; from communication of feelings between agents, rather than from the solipsist deliberation of moral agent; from the impartial point of view of a judicious spectator, rather than from the interests of the involved agents; from the dynamic of feelings with successive reflexivity, rather than from the reflexion of a "pure reason".
Njoh, Victor. "Hume, lecteur des morales de l'Antiquité." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010581.
Full textDavid hume, scottish philosopher, was disappointed by the attitude of public after his publishing of treatise of human nature (1739), where he has explained the tenets of his moral philosophy. He decided again to explain more simply these tenets in his moral essays (1742) which became more popular. These essays were presented as four portraits of philosophers : epicurean, stoic, platonist and the sceptic. Every philosopher thinks that philosophy is an art of life. This art may be conduct us to happiness. And at last, the sceptic uses the ideas of the three others in order to make up his method. Consequently, happiness consist in attitude to maintain generally us in life
Jenkins, Joan (Joan Elizabeth). "The Enlightenment Legacy of David Hume." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332061/.
Full textOuellet, Dominique. "Science et scepticisme chez David Hume." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26324.
Full textLuquet, Laurent. "Le problème des relations chez Hume." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN1384.
Full textBrahami, Frédéric. "Anthropologie sceptique : montaigne, bayle et hume." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100112.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to define a theoretical field spanning the works of montaigne, of bayle and hume. These three thinkers make up a sceptic tradition in which the principles and concepts that are brought forward allow and require the constitution of an anthropology. The first part, whose subject is + the emergence of belief ;, aims at legitimating this tradition by making a distinction between modern scepticism and ancient scepticism. This distinction comes from theology, and more precisely from the theoretical difficulties linked to the notion of god. The scepticism which montaigne gave rise to, and which bayle and hume continued, puts forward belief as a psychological reality that is irreducible to opinion, to knowledge and to faith. The second part analyses + the work of belief ;. The strength of belief is the result of the fact that the mind is not considered by montaigne, bayle and hume as a container whose ideas make up the contents. It is a network of forces in which representations are first and foremost affects. The fundamental contribution of montaigne, bayle and hume to the theory of knowledge consists of this quasi-identification of the representations with the affects, which heralds the dismissal of reason as a principle. This criticism of reason leads to the naturalization of man which is the fundamental condition for an anthropology to emerge, and even this naturalization requires the constitution of an anthropology
Araujo, Anice Lima de. "O problema Dos milagres em Hume." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-9NNKJE.
Full textCollier, Mark David. "Newton of the mind : an examination of Hume's science of human nature /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935469.
Full textPortela, Bruno Martinez. "AS BASES EMPÍRICAS DA MORAL EM HUME." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9108.
Full textThis dissertation aims to investigate the moral theory of David Hume from his empirical method. In order that it is necessary to analyze his critique of rationalism and metaphysics as a method to moral foundation, the presentation of the empirical method as a possible theoretical foundation of morality and expose his moral theory in the context of his philosophical system. It is intended, therefore, to show that in Hume the reason by itself is insufficient to justify the moral, whose realization is possible only within the sensitivity. Similarly, the objective is to demonstrate that, although Hume s philosophy is skeptical concerning the metaphysical precepts and usual rationalist traditions, his understanding about morality is positive and intends to be universal.
A presente dissertação tem como objetivo investigar a teoria moral de David Hume a partir de seu método empírico. Para isso, é necessária a análise de sua crítica ao racionalismo e à metafísica como métodos para a fundamentação moral, a apresentação do método empírico como possibilidade de fundamentação teórica da moral e a exposição de sua teoria moral no contexto de seu sistema filosófico. Pretende-se, portanto, demonstrar por que em Hume a razão por si só é insuficiente para fundamentar a moral, cuja realização somente é possível no âmbito da sensibilidade. De forma semelhante, objetiva-se demonstrar que, embora se encontre em Hume uma filosofia cética em relação aos preceitos metafísicos e à tradição racionalista em geral, sua compreensão da moral é positiva e pretende-se universal
Lustila, Getty L. "Hume on the Nature of Moral Freedom." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/118.
Full textBouchard, Gregory. "The philosophical publishing life of David Hume." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121271.
Full textCette thèse examine les publications philosophiques de David Hume, dans l'intention de délinéer ses productions intellectuelles complexes et insuffisamment comprises, tout en affirmant l'importance culturelle de son œuvre après l'apparition de son premier livre « Traité de la nature humaine ». Dans cette dissertation, on utilise une définition assez vaste du terme « publications philosophiques». On prend en compte ses livres ainsi que ses périodiques, ses journaux et ses contributions aux réunions conviviales. On examine Hume et son analyse de son propre méthode de publication à la suite de l'échec commercial et critique de la «Traité». On démontre comment il a développé une théorie nuancé sur la fonctionnement des publications philosophiques dans un marché vaste et ouvert pour les livres. Selon Hume, ceci dépend de l'équilibre entre les formes populaire et académique de l'écriture, ce qui étaient respectivement appropriés pour la philosophie « polie » et rigoureuse. Travaillant sans aucun poste universitaire ou d'autre forme de parrainage, il a manipulé les conventions du marché d'imprimerie, dans une tentative de créer le moyen de communiquer son nouvel et complexe système de philosophie sous une forme qui attirerait un plus grand public. Ceci a nécessité du contrôle sur l'imprimerie et la mise en marché des œuvres. Dans cette étude, sa collection « Essais et traités sur plusieurs sujets » figure comme la culmination du processus sous mentionné; l'on examine comment cette collection était à la fois un produit et une œuvre intellectuelle pour Hume en conjonction avec ses imprimeurs et vendeurs, dans l'espoir que l'œuvre gagnerait un succès commercial et philosophique avec un grand importance dans le milieu culturel des lettrés de « Lumières Écossaises ». Bien que Hume ait produit une œuvre philosophique populaire, cette étude maintient qu'il n'a pas réussi d'atteindre son but de révolution philosophique et que son influence est plutôt marquée par son critique de l'écriture philosophique et par son effet sur la culture littéraire des « Lumières Écossaises ». La conclusion de la dissertation inclut une bibliographie analytique de son œuvre philosophique et une liste de questions discutées dans la « Société selecte d'Édimbourg ».
MOTTA, CARLOS JACINTO NASCIMENTO. "CAUSAL REASONING AND INDUCTION IN DAVID HUME." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=7535@1.
Full textEsta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados da pesquisa de mestrado em que se procurou evidenciar algumas características da relação de David Hume com a indução. Segundo a interpretação corrente, Hume é o responsável por mostrar que nossa razão não é capaz de justificar qualquer um de nossos raciocínios indutivos. O problema de Hume também se caracteriza por ser um problema acerca da racionalidade da ciência, pois se seu método principal, a indução, não pode receber suporte racional, parece lícito afirmar que o resultado de uma inferência indutiva é irracional. A fim de delinear o campo exato em que se insere a crítica humeana, este texto irá mostrar como Hume apresenta suas teorias acerca do raciocínio causal em seu Tratado da natureza humana, traçar as características exatas do raciocínio causal de Hume e confrontá-las com as formas de interpretação presentes em alguns de seus principais comentadores. Procuramos tornar claras as falhas apresentadas nestas interpretações. Em seguida trataremos de discutir algumas das mais celebradas interpretações da filosofia de Hume, centrando nossa análise nos textos de Mackie, Beauchamp e Mappes. O capítulo final tem por objetivo mostrar as características racionais que podem ser atribuídas aos raciocínios causais humeanos, salientando o caráter particular de suas inferências. Finalizando, mostraremos como a origem do princípio da cópia pode ser um exemplo do uso de inferências indutivas por parte de Hume, o que nos leva a considerações heterodoxas a respeito de sua visão a respeito da racionalidade.
The aim of this work is to present the results of my master´s degree research, which tried to show some of the characteristics of David Hume´s approach to induction. According to the standard interpretation, Hume is responsible for showing that our reason is not able to justify any of our inductive reasonings. Hume´s problem also characterizes itself by being a problem about the rationality of science, for, since his main method, induction, cannot receive a rational foundation, it seems licit to assert that the result of any inductive inference is irrational. In order to precisely describe the Humean criticism I am going to show how Hume presents his theories concerning causal reasoning in this A Treatise of Human Nature, define the exact characteristics of causal reasoning according to him, and compare this analysis to those by some of his main critics. We shall try to bring to light the proposed inadequacy of the latter. Next we will discuss some of the most celebrated interpretations of Hume´s philosophy, specially those by of Mackie, Beauchamp and Mappes. The final chapter aims at showing the rational characteristics that can be assigned to Humean causal reasoning emphasizing the particular character of his inferences. Finally, we show how the origin of the copy principle can be an instance of the use of inductive inferences by Hume, which allows us to risk some heterodox hypotheses concerning his view of rationality.
Mullen, Shirley Annette. "David Hume and the partility-impartiality debate." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683165.
Full textLaux, Evelise Rosane Treptow. "Do argumento do des?gnio : David Hume." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/2847.
Full textNeste estudo nos propusemos a uma investiga??o das cr?ticas de David Hume ao Argumento do Des?gnio, existente em seu livro Di?logos sobre a Religi?o Natural. Cr?ticas essas que t?m por finalidade apontar as fragilidades do referido argumento, como fundamento da teoria que defende a cria??o do mundo a partir de Deus. Objetivamos tamb?m, explicitar o caminho dial?tico e argumentativo humeano, que a partir de uma perspectiva empirista, prop?e que todo o conhecimento pode, somente, provir da experi?ncia sens?vel. Se Hume consegue ou n?o refutar e destruir esse argumento e, se prop?e ou n?o alguma alternativa para substitui??o, ? o que examinaremos no presente. De um total de quatro cap?tulos, come?aremos por apresentar o Argumento do Des?gnio, na forma em que ficou conhecido. A seguir entraremos, efetivamente em contato com o livro Di?logos sobre a Religi?o Natural, passando ent?o ? abordagem da constru??o das cr?ticas elaboradas por Hume (Filo) para, finalmente demonstrarmos que, apesar de parecer ter Filo, sido vencido no di?logo - num feito que s? corrobora a maestria lingu?stica humeana - ratifica, sob um v?u de discri??o, a posi??o assumida durante todo o di?logo.
Santos, Susie Kovalczyk dos. "Hume e o problema da identidade pessoal." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/13067.
Full textEsta dissertação investiga o problema da identidade pessoal nos escritos de David Hume no Tratado da natureza humana. Para isso, apresento a concepção humeana de eu no âmbito das operações do entendimento e das paixões ou emoções, bem como duas controvérsias interpretativas suscitadas a partir dela. Uma vez que Hume considera ininteligível a noção de substância, e que nega que exista uma impressão que seja uma e a mesma ao longo de toda a vida de alguém, ele considera, na seção Da identidade pessoal, imperfeita a atribuição de identidade e simplicidade ao eu. Tudo o que temos acesso acerca da mente são as sucessivas experiências ou percepções, relacionadas por meio de qualidades associativas, o que faz com que tendamos a acreditar na unidade do eu. Se há algo além das percepções sucessivas que as une, não é possível descobrir através da experiência. A primeira controvérsia interpretativa considerada diz respeito a se, por um lado, boa parte disso que propõe no Livro 1 é reafirmado por Hume no Apêndice, por outro, ele afirma haver um aspecto que sua teoria não foi bemsucedida em explicar. Entretanto, ao colocar o problema, para o qual admite não encontrar solução viável, os princípios que relata não conseguir compatibilizar ou rejeitar não só não são incompatíveis um quanto ao outro, como também são relevantes para outros temas abordados no Tratado, não restringindo seu impacto ao problema da identidade pessoal. Qual, então, o problema identificado por Hume quanto à teoria da identidade pessoal no Livro 1? Hume reintroduz a noção de eu ao longo de todo o Livro 2, desta vez como objeto do orgulho, afirmando, por vezes, que não só temos uma ideia de eu, como também uma impressão. A segunda controvérsia, portanto, diz respeito a se há, no Tratado, diferentes noções de eu, uma pressuposta pelo orgulho e outra por este produzida, ou se Hume desenvolve diferentes aspectos de uma mesma concepção de eu, de maneira que o eu como feixe de percepções é o mesmo implicado pela simpatia e produzido, enquanto objeto, pelo orgulho. Esta dissertação expõe e discute esses problemas, buscando apresentar como os escritos de Hume nos livros 1 e 2 acerca da noção de eu se complementam e em que medida a propensão natural humana a atribuir simplicidade e identidade ao eu se deve não apenas à semelhança, à causalidade e à memória, como defendido no Livro 1, mas também às paixões.
Granel, Gérard. "David Hume: el cinismo de la producción." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113279.
Full textGuzzo, Fábio Augusto. "Matéria, alma e identidade pessoal em Hume." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56511.
Full textI defend, in this dissertation, a materialist interpretation of humean philosophy. This interpretation is based on some of the themes presented in Book 1 of the Treatise of Human Nature. The task is divided in three parts: in the first chapter, I examine two of the principles which ground the theory of ideas presented in Part 1, the principles of copy and of separability. Together, they imply the impotence of a priori reason in the factual domain. It is the imagination, a corporeal faculty, that assumes the leading role in humean epistemology; in the second chapter, I examine the section Of the immateriality of the soul (Part 4, Section 5), in which the substantial soul disappears and gives place to perceptions causally related to a body. Here, Hume’s phisicalist conception about the cognitive phenomena is evidenced. I try to explain this conception by comparing it to Reid’s conception, according to which cognitive phenomena is intrinsically imaterial and, therefore, without any causal relation to matter; the subject of the third chapter is the section “Of personal identity” (Part 4, Section 6), in which Hume states that the belief in this identity derives from associations of ideas. In the Appendix Hume recognizes the insufficiency of his early explanation. I expose some of the problems that may have engendered the doubts of the Appendix and defend that they don’t amount to a possible abandonment of materialism, that is, of the ontological conception which has led to the thesis of the mind as a simple bundle of perceptions causally related.
Silva, Jean Pedro Malavolta e. "Simpatia e sentimentos morais em David Hume." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/156341.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is in David Hume's moral philosophy, and this work seeks to cast light on its fundaments in order to clarify some difficulties and ambiguities. The problem here presented refers to the nature of sympathy and moral sentiments in Humean philosophy, and is aimed in determinate the proper object of moral judgment and the moral status of sympathy as source of moral content or as a mechanism of communication of sentiments, as well as solve an ambiguity concerning the proper object of moral judgments and the proper object of sympathy. This shall be done through an analysis of the books 2 and 3 of the Treatise of Human Nature and the Enquiries Concerning The Principles os Morals of the occurrences of the principle of sympathy, paying attention to its role in the context of each account and its relations with the notions of pleasure and pain, approval and disapproval in the context of the Humean moral theory The thesis that only the agent's motive or character can be the object of moral valuation will be problematized through the relations Hume establishes between the feelings of pleasure and pain produced by actions and our moral feelings, where it is not the agent’s character or motive, but its consequences, which constitute the object of moral appraisals, and this (as Bernard Wand points) might constitute an ambiguity concerning the proper object of moral evaluation. My intention is to clarify this difficulties and, through the analysis of other critics of Hume, refusing Wands interpretation and clarifying that there is no ambiguity and no circularity between the cause and effect of moral judgment in Hume’s theory. Throughout this procedure, difficulties will be examined concerning the corrections and the necessary conditions for sympathy’s proper operation, in order to offer a coherent explanation with Hume purposes of explaining the origins of our moral approval and disapproval from a general principle of explanation.
Andrew, James B. "Hume, Skepticism, and the Search for Foundations." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396628762.
Full textDimech, Dominic Kenneth. "Hume on External Existence: A Sceptical Predicament." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18699.
Full textAlmeida, Pedro Jonas de. "Afetividade e reflexão no tratado de Hume." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Filosofia da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10990.
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Ao deslocar a necessidade causal das coisas para o espírito, Hume dá uma nova definição de necessidade. Enquanto a tradição filosófica a definia como um liame objetivo e interno entre a causa e o efeito, Hume a define como um sentimento imediato de determinação na mente que nos leva a passar de uma idéia àquela que lhe é habitualmente associada. Este sentimento será transferido como uma força, como uma vivacidade que irá carregar a segunda idéia. Esta idéia assim avivada será chamada de crença no Tratado da Natureza Humana. A crença é uma maneira de conceber uma idéia, uma maneira mais vívida de concebê-la. Além disso, para que uma idéia ganhe vivacidade é preciso que haja uma relação de semelhança entre os casos observados ou associados na imaginação. Ora, em virtude da determinação imediata no espírito, a crença se dá mesmo quando não há uma semelhança completa entre os casos. Hume acrescenta, então, uma outra operação para regular esse mecanismo automático: a reflexão. Essa operação irá nos remeter à teoria das regras gerais, indispensável para uma compreensão adequada do projeto de Hume. No sistema moral do livro 3 será esta a operação responsável pela estabilização do juízo moral. A afetividade e a reflexão constituem, assim, a unidade do Tratado. Esses dois componentes da natureza humana se articulam ainda em uma teoria das paixões que, como diz Hume, é a pesquisa principal de sua filosofia desde o livro 1. A fantasia, por sua vez, irá aparecer no Tratado seja enquanto fator de desestabilização da crença, exigindo uma operação reflexiva ou corretiva do entendimento, seja enquanto fator criador de regras artificiais úteis à sociedade. Por isso, suas funções não possuem o mesmo valor e sentido. No livro1, ela ameaça de dentro a ciência, as inferências legítimas. Nos livros 2 e 3, ela possui uma positividade, subordinada apenas à utilidade de suas regras para a estabilidade social. Essa utilidade depende também de uma reflexão sobre as tendências dessas regras artificiais de promover a ordem e a estabilidade sociais. Hume se apresenta como o Newton das ciências morais. Seu empreendimento é científico nesse novo sentido de ciência experimental. Sua física do homem descreve este último como um animal governado por princípios gerais de associação de idéias e de paixões, assim como por instintos.
Salvador
Coelho, Neto Carlos Inácio. "A noção de crença em David Hume." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Filosofia da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9865.
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Esta Dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a noção de crença sob o ponto de vista da epistemologia contida nas obras: Tratado da Natureza Humana e Investigações Sobre o Entendimento Humano. Visamos particularmente a ressaltar a questão da constituição da crença enquanto condição para que haja alguma “evidência” na esfera dos fatos. Tendo em vista a ruptura entre necessidade e contingência por sua crítica à noção de causalidade, seria preciso mais que os fundamentos consolidados pela razão para garantir alguma evidência acerca do mundo. A razão consegue conceber claramente o fato contrário àquele revelado constantemente pela experiência, não havendo contradição na esfera da experiência. Dessa forma, é preciso procurar outros caminhos que possam explicar o fato de ainda termos alguma convicção a respeito dos fatos, apesar de não podermos mais contar com bases semelhantes às oferecidas pelas ciências matemáticas. Desse modo, procuramos nesta Dissertação reconstruir a trilha teórica que permitiu a Hume estabelecer uma epistemologia pautada numa particular constituição da experiência, na qual a necessidade não tem lugar e a garantia de certeza e conhecimento se sustenta em princípios gerais (princípios associativos) próprios da natureza humana e em uma faculdade (o hábito), capaz de levar a mente de um estado imediato, vinculado aos dados do sentido e da memória, a projeções futuras. Vem daí a capacidade da mente de esperar que os acontecimentos se dêem de uma maneira; tal expectativa é o que Hume denominou crença.
Salvador
Zavala, Scherer Demetrio. "Aproximación hermenéutica a la obra de David Hume." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/394044.
Full textThe main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the comprehension of the unity of David Hume's thought through a phenomenological reading of the Treatise of Human Nature. We have taken the basic hermeneutical orientation in the development of our reading from certain heideggerian argumentation which results in the statement that phenomenology ought to be the basis for any ontological investigation. We maintain that, referred to the Treatise, what this orientation shows, in the first place, is the continuity between the so called "theory of ideas" and the analysis of knowledge (reason). We think that, among other things, the emphasis on this continuity offers a viable and consistent alternative of interpretation in the context of the contemporary debates on Hume's "realism" and "skepticism". What the orientation shows in the second place is the continuity between the realm of knowledge and that of decision/behavior. We believe that this articulation constitutes the core of that which Hume calls human nature, and that this centrality justifies our defense of the unity of his thought. Lastly, our initial orientation leads to the conclusion -also adapted from Heidegger-that, even though it is through the mere articulation between knowledge (reason) and decision/behavior that human nature accomplishes itself, its authentic accomplishment depends on the development and nourishment of the moral conscience, that is to say, on the reflection on, and evaluation of behavior. In Hume, this conscience takes the forro of a (non-binding) sensibility. The possibility of this sensibility resides in the structural element of the indirect passions that Hume calls ca/m passion. It is fair to say that, beyond the general orientations, our thesis was developed through an intense dialogue with the interpretations of Hume's thought of Felipe Martínez Marzoa and Gilles Deleuze. To the exposition and analysis of the contents described aboye we have added, at the end, a brief reflection on the matter of justice, understood from the perspective of our interpretation.
Eryilmaz, Enes. "Politics, Law And Morality: David Hume On Justice." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613424/index.pdf.
Full texts notion of justice by examining the coherence in his legal, moral, and political philosophy. It is argued that on the whole, Hume&rsquo
s use of the concept justice is coherent in his theories of law, ethics, and politics. To this end, firstly, Hume&rsquo
s moral thought is examined in detail. Secondly, his legal theory and his position in legal philosophy are considered with references to its moral aspects. Next, Hume&rsquo
s notion of justice is examined in its relation with the state. It is observed that Hume&rsquo
s conception of justice has moral, legal, and political foundations, and that all of these subjects depend on the same principles. It is shown that the laws of justice constitute an ethical, legal, and political issue in Hume&rsquo
s philosophy. According to Hume, although obeying the rules of justice is a moral topic, the laws of justice are guaranteed by the state in large societies.
Laurenti, Carolina. "Hume, Mach e Skinner: a explicação do comportamento." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4817.
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Radical behaviorism was presented as the philosophy of science of human behavior. This has important consequences. One of them has to do with questions regarding scientific explanation. The present essay essentially deals with the following question: what is the model of explanation of radical behaviorism? Some characteristics of the explanation model of behavior are examined, based on a discussion of the ideas of Skinner and two others philosophers of science, to wit, David Hume and Ernst Mach. Hume offers a logical-empirical critique of the concept of causality as necessary connection, by arguing that causal relations can not be demonstrated on the basis of statements of fact. Moreover, experience does not furnish the necessary causal link between cause and effect. He concludes the human knowledge deals solely with constant relations. This critique was taken over by Skinner by way of Mach s functional descriptivism . Mach s substitution of the concept of cause by that of functional relations, and its consequent distinction between scientific explanation and causal explanation is based on Hume s critique. One might also argue that Mach advances on Hume s critique by asserting that the world is, in principle, probabilistic. Skinner, from the beginning, offered an interpretation of behavioral theory as description in accordance with Mach s philosophy of science. Accordingly, he limited himself to explaining behavior in terms of functional relationships. However, it is argued that the explanation of behavior is not only the discovery of functional relations. Skinner does not comply with the restrictions of descriptivism when he offers an interpretation, beyond the bounds of mere functional relations, of the origin of behavior, as is the case with philogenetic behavior and with cultural practices. Accordingly, interpretation is included in radical behaviorism s explanatory system. In this way, the theory of behavior, without rejecting descriptivism, may be associated with a version of scientific instrumentalism. This is done via Mach in a somewhat surprising way. Mach s emphasis on the notions of scientific concept and hypothesis leads us to a kind of reticent instrumentalism which emerges as a reaction to the realist view of theories. As a version of scientific instrumentalism, the theory of behaviorism can be seen as pragmatic, and so radical behaviorism enters the field of ethics. The alliance of descriptivism and instrumentalism rule out realist interpretations of the theory of behavior. A reading of Skinner s theory from the perspective of the philosophical works of Hume and Mach also weaken the association of radical behaviorism with the metaphysical determinism. It is concluded that the model of selection by consequences is a functional, instrumental and probabilistic, rather than causal, way of explaining behavior.
O behaviorismo radical se apresenta como a filosofia da ciência do comportamento humano. Essa asserção tem decorrências importantes. Uma delas esbarra, imediatamente, em questões concernentes à explicação científica. O presente trabalho trata essencialmente desta questão: qual o modelo de explicação do comportamento defendido pelo behaviorismo radical? Todavia, seu escopo é limitado. Foram examinadas algumas características do modelo explicativo comportamental através de um debate travado entre Skinner e outros dois filósofos da ciência, a saber: David Hume e Ernst Mach. Hume faz uma crítica lógicaempírica do conceito de causalidade como conexão necessária, afirmando que as relações causais, com respeito ao campo das questões de fato, não são passíveis de demonstração. Somado a isso, a experiência não fornece os elos causais que conectam inelutavelmente a causa ao efeito. Ao final, podemos tratar do conhecimento humano, apenas, em termos de relações constantes. Essa crítica foi legada a Skinner através de suas relações com o descritivismo funcional machiano. Mach incorporou a crítica de Hume ao substituir a noção de causa pela de relações funcionais, operando uma desvinculação entre explicação científica e explicação causal. É possível também argumentar que Mach avança a crítica de Hume afirmando que o mundo é, em princípio, probabilístico. Skinner, desde o início de sua obra, anunciou sua interpretação da teoria do comportamento como descrição nos moldes machianos. Com isso, confinou-se a explicar o comportamento em termos de relações funcionais. Entretanto, é possível identificar que a explicação do comportamento não se resume à descoberta de relações funcionais. Skinner rompe os limites do descritivismo interpretando a origem de comportamentos que ultrapassam descrições meramente funcionais, como é o caso do comportamento filogenético e das práticas culturais. O behaviorismo radical inclui no seu sistema explicativo a interpretação. Nesse sentido, a teoria do comportamento, sem renegar o descritivismo, conjuga-se como uma versão do instrumentalismo científico. A novidade está que o faz via relações com Mach. A ênfase dada por Mach com respeito às noções de conceito e hipótese científicas, nos leva a encontrar uma espécie de instrumentalismo reticente que emerge como uma reação à interpretação realista das teorias. Como uma versão do instrumentalismo científico, a teoria do comportamento também se afirma como um pragmatismo, que acaba inserindo o behaviorismo radical no campo da ética. A conjugação das versões descritivistas e instrumentalistas impede interpretações realistas da teoria do comportamento. Ademais, uma leitura da teoria de Skinner através dos textos filosóficos de Hume e Mach afasta o behaviorismo radical de laços com o determinismo metafísico. Conclui-se que o modelo de seleção por conseqüências se apresenta não como um modo causal, mas como um modo funcional, instrumental e probabilista de explicação do comportamento.
Melo, Gustavo Oliveira Fernandes. "A tese das ideias abstratas de David Hume." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4883.
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According to David Hume, the mind is unable to form another kind of idea that is not particular (See: Summary, § 28), ie, it is impossible to form an idea that, at one time, represent many different particular perceptions. When we encounter this thesis, a matter we soon came to mind: as a general term is then formed, ie, how they are formed those words that denote more than one particular perception (perceptions simple or complex)? In order to find an answer to this question, we decided to investigate the structure and genesis of the thesis of abstract ideas in the Treatise of Human Nature, since this is the thesis responsible for forming the general terms. And to achieve this we focus on the genesis of general terms that denote particular qualities. Therefore, we believe that there is a major difficulty for an empiricist conceiving a thesis about the abstract ideas.
Segundo David Hume, não podemos formar outro tipo de ideia senão particular (Cf.: Resumo, §28), ou seja, é impossível formar uma ideia que, a um só tempo, represente várias percepções particulares diferentes. Ao nos deparar com essa tese, uma questão logo nos veio à mente: como um termo geral então é formado, ou seja, como são formadas aquelas palavras que denotam mais de uma percepção particular, sejam elas complexas ou simples? A fim de encontrar uma resposta para essa questão, resolvemos investigar a estrutura e a gênese da tese das ideias abstratas no Tratado da natureza humana, já que, para Hume, é esta a tese responsável por formar um termo geral. E para alcançar esse objetivo, nos focamos na gênese de termos gerais que denotam qualidades particulares. Acreditamos, pois, que ali está a principal dificuldade, para um empirista, em conceber uma tese acerca das ideias abstratas.
Brewer, Cameron David. "Kant, Hume, and the Notion of Material Substance." Thesis, University of Illinois at Chicago, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3574269.
Full textPerinetti, Dario. "Hume, history and the science of human nature." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38509.
Full textChapter 1 presents the historical background against which Hume elaborates his views of history's role in philosophy. Chapter 2 discusses and criticizes the individualist reading of Hume by showing that he had a satisfactory account of beliefs formed via human testimony. Chapter 3 presents a view of Hume on explanation that underscores his interest in practical and informal explanations as those of history. Chapter 4 provides a discussion of Hume's notion of historical experience in relation both to his theory of perception and to his project of a "science of man."
Oliveira, Roberto Carlos de. "Sociedade e artÃficio na teoria politica de Hume." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/278704.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A análise de David Hume (1711-1776) vincula a epistemologia, a moral e a política de forma tal que a sociedade é apresentada como resultado da interação entre as faculdades naturais dos homens e os recursos artificiais decorrentes da reflexão. O artifício denota as invenções refletidas e voluntárias que ampliam as perspectivas da natureza humana, ou seja, os mecanismos de sociabilização do homem que promovem seu desenvolvimento social, situando-o no universo da moral e da política e adaptando seus interesses particulares ao interesse público. A essência do artifício reside na capacidade humana de dominar seus impulsos mediante a sublimação, que direciona os desejos para uma perspectiva estável de satisfação. Nesse sentido, ele amplia as possibilidades de realização do homem, além de cooperar na manutenção da sociedade. Este estudo pretende mostrar como Hume compõe uma filosofia que analisa a sociedade a partir das implicações e desdobramentos de princípios naturais e mostrar como o artifício estabelece um vínculo entre a moral e a política, entre os interesses particulares dos indivíduos e os interesses gerais da sociedade, contribuindo para o estabelecimento das instituições sociais e da autoridade
Abstract: The analysis of David Hume (1711-1776) entail the epistemology, the morals and the politics so that the society is presented like the result of interaction between the natural faculties of men and the artificial recourses current from reflexion. The artifice connotes the reflected and voluntary inventions that ampliflies the perspectives of human nature, that is, the mechanisms of sociabilization of man which promote their social development, placing them in the universe of morals and politics and adapting their particular interests to the public interest. The essence of the artifice resides in the human capability to dominate their impulses through sublimation, which directionates the desires to an estable perspective of satisfaction. In this sense, it amplifies the possibilities of man's realization, yonder to collaborate with the maintenance of society. This study intends to display how Hume composes a philosophy which analyses the society from the implications and unfoldments of natural principles and to indicate how the artifice establishes an entailment between moral and politics, between the particular interests of individuals and the general interests of society, contributing to the establishment of social instituitions and the authority
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