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Journal articles on the topic 'Humanitarian'
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1
Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora, and Kristian Hoelscher. "The Reframing of the War on Drugs as a “Humanitarian Crisis”: Costs, Benefits, and Consequences." Latin American Perspectives 44, no. 4 (December 9, 2016): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16683375.
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The War on Drugs has had grave humanitarian consequences for Latin America. It has encouraged a highly militarized and ultimately unsuccessful approach to drug control, leading to violence, displacement, and human suffering throughout the region. In acknowledging and responding to this suffering, humanitarian organizations have recently begun to frame this situation as a “humanitarian crisis” to facilitate humanitarian entry into new spaces. There is a need for a conceptual conversation about the use of the label “humanitarian crisis” in reference to the human costs of the War on Drugs in Latin America, particularly its rhetorical and normative use by the media and civil society and its strategic and moral use by humanitarian actors. La Guerra contra las Drogas ha tenido grave consecuencias humanitarias para América Latina. Ha promovido un enfoque altamente militarizado y en última instancia fallido, para controlar las drogas, lo que ha provocado violencia, desplazamientos y sufrimiento humano a través de la región. Como reconocimiento y respuesta a este sufrimiento, las organizaciones humanitarias recientemente han empezado a plantear esta situación como una “crisis humanitaria” para así facilitar la entrada humanitaria en nuevos espacios. Es necesario que se dé una conversación teórica sobre el uso de la categoría “crisis humanitaria” en referencia a los costos humanos de la Guerra contra las Drogas en América Latina, especialmente su uso retórico y prescriptivo por parte de los medios de comunicación y la sociedad civil y su uso estratégico y moral por parte de los agentes humanitarios.
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Nagra, Prabhjot. "Humanitarians and ‘Humanitarian Intervention’." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 2, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v2i1.950.
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Humanitarianism as a concept is arguably as old as humanity itself. To help one's fellow man in their time of need irrespective of race, religion, caste, or creed has been preached by innumerable ideologies. Despite being such a universally understood concept, in recent decades humanitarianism, has faced increased conflation with ‘humanitarian intervention’. This paper seeks to discern the differences between humanitarianism and humanitarian intervention and will do so by examining the ideological and foundational differences between the two concepts. The two concepts despite sounding similar are fundamentally different; they involve different actors and have different objectives. This paper will distinguish between state and non- state actors and the different humanitarian roles, values, and interests they have. This paper will posit that states that engage in military interventions are not humanitarians and that the conflation of such actions with those of impartial non-state actors are highly damaging to the ideals and values of humanitarianism.
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Meiches, Benjamin. "Non-human humanitarians." Review of International Studies 45, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210518000281.
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AbstractThe study of humanitarian intervention typically focuses on the human victims and saviours in armed conflict and natural disasters. Moreover, explanations of the virtues of humanitarian norms and ethics emphasise the importance of the university of suffering and the empathic nature of humanitarian efforts. In contrast, this article explores the neglected world of ‘non-human humanitarians’. Specifically, the article outlines three cases of non-human actors that expand and complicate international humanitarian practices: dogs, drones, and diagrams. Drawing on new materialist and posthuman literatures, the article argues that non-humans possess distinct capacities that vastly expand and transform humanitarian efforts in ranging from relief, to medicine, to conflict resolution. Highlighting non-human humanitarians thus offers a new perspective on the resources available for redressing mass violence and conflict, but also complicates existing definitions of humanitarian norms. To the contrary, the article demonstrates that non-humans often maximise humanitarian services to a degree greater than their human counterparts, but have also introduced changes into humanitarian practices that have problematic unintended consequences. Non-human humanitarians reveals previously discounted participants in international politics and the key roles they play in various international interventions.
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Bywater, Matthew. "Classical and Political Humanitarianisms in an Era of Military Interventionism and the War on Terror." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 8, no. 1-2 (August 1, 2017): 33–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00801005.
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This paper scrutinises the modus operandi of classical and political humanitarianism: the use of ambiguity and prescription to frame calls for international action to protect civilians, and public commentary on jus in bello and jus ad bellum. It does so by innovatively considering the perspectives of belligerents alongside those of humanitarian actors, so as to identify how belligerents have responded to the two humanitarian modus operandi, and to ascertain the connection of humanitarian actors to the wars and international military interventions that they have implicitly or explicitly called for or endorsed. The paper finds that the response of belligerents differs from what both classical and political humanitarians expect. Even where humanitarians maintain ambiguity, the intention to will military action remains present and even the documentation and reporting of violence will bolster military intervention. Such consequences will be perceptible to belligerents, who may restrict humanitarian space. When humanitarians advance jus ad bellum perspectives, the humanitarian identity envisioned by classicists is not necessarily compromised. But belligerents are positively influenced by such perspectives only when those perspectives coincide with their own position.
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Pellandini, Cristina. "Derecho Humanitario Internacional – International humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross 27, no. 261 (December 1987): 676–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400061374.
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D'Haene, Charles, Sara Verlinde, and Cathy Macharis. "Measuring while moving (humanitarian supply chain performance measurement – status of research and current practice)." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 5, no. 2 (August 3, 2015): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-04-2013-0016.
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Purpose – Raising standards are leading humanitarians to become increasingly interested in measuring the performance of their supply chain. A few researchers have addressed this topic, building on classical measurement theories and trying to identify the salient features of the humanitarian sector. This young body of literature must now be tested against current practice. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The practitioners’ perspective is explored through a multiple case study, based on qualitative evidence, within three major humanitarian organizations. Results are discussed using a situation-actor-process – learning-action-performance model of inquiry. Preceding this investigation, a literature review delves into research on humanitarian supply chain performance measurement and presents the most relevant pieces in a general framework. Findings – Humanitarians have elaborated measures whose essential focus is laid on service level. The more comprehensive approach advocated by researchers has received some consideration but is still poorly implemented. An issue that is given more priority by humanitarians is the accelerated supply chain integration they are going through. Originality/value – In addition to an unprecedented literature review, this paper offers a comparative study of humanitarian organizations’ practices in the field of supply chain performance measurement. Humanitarian procurement centres, virtually ignored in literature until now, are scrutinized at a turning point of their evolution.
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Wortel, Eva. "Humanitarians and their moral stance in war: the underlying values." International Review of the Red Cross 91, no. 876 (December 2009): 779–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638310999052x.
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AbstractIn this article, the moral values underlying humanitarian principles are analysed. What were these original moral values? Have they changed? To what extent are they in danger today? Has humanity itself become an instrumental value? To answer these questions, the author examines the humanitarian discourse: firstly, how these values have been described by humanitarians themselves, and secondly, how they are used by humanitarians in specific contexts.
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Schwendimann, Felix. "The legal framework of humanitarian access in armed conflict." International Review of the Red Cross 93, no. 884 (December 2011): 993–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383112000434.
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AbstractObtaining and maintaining humanitarian access to populations in need by humanitarian actors is a challenge. A wide range of constraints on humanitarian access exist, including ongoing hostilities or an otherwise insecure environment, destruction of infrastructure, often onerous bureaucratic requirements, and attempts by parties to armed conflict to block access intentionally. The difficulties that these constraints present to humanitarians are frequently compounded by a lack of familiarity – on the part of states, non-state armed groups, and humanitarian relief organizations – with the legal framework. The main purpose of this article is to lay out the existing international legal framework regulating humanitarian access in situations of armed conflict.
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Leveringhaus, Alex. "Liberal Interventionism, Humanitarian Ethics, and the Responsibility to Protect." Global Responsibility to Protect 6, no. 2 (June 12, 2014): 162–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00602005.
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This paper examines the lack of engagement between liberal political philosophers and humanitarians on the issue of humanitarian intervention. It argues that the recent emergence of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) agenda provides a great opportunity to overcome this mutual disinterest in each other’s positions. R2P, especially as formulated by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, is fairly demanding. In order to formulate an adequate response, liberals and humanitarians need to reconsider their positions. In this respect, insights provided by liberal political theory are helpful to humanitarians. Firstly, liberal reasoning offers justifications for potential restrictions of the humanitarian scope of concern in the course of halting mass atrocities. Second, liberal values indicate how humanitarians can respond to the challenges posed by post-war reconstruction. Conversely, humanitarian considerations should prompt liberals to think harder about the conduct of military intervention, as well as the material basis of successful post-atrocity reconstruction.
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Zadeh-Cummings, Nazanin, and Lauren Harris. "The Impact of Sanctions against North Korea on Humanitarian Aid." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.033.
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The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK, or North Korea) has been a recipient of international humanitarian aid from international organisations (IOs) and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) since 1995. In recent years, multilateral and unilateral sanctions in response to the DPRK’s nuclear programme have created a new layer of difficulty for humanitarians looking to engage with the authoritarian state. This paper explores how sanctions are affecting humanitarian work in practice, utilising interviews with practitioners. The research first surveys documentation, particularly from IOs, to establish how humanitarians understand contemporary need inside the country. Next, this paper examines the impacts of sanctions on aid efforts, with a particular focus on multilateral United Nations Security Council (UNSC) sanctions and unilateral American measures. Unpacking humanitarian challenges and potential ways to navigate the sanctions regime provides a foundation for academics and humanitarian practitioners to better understand both the DPRK and possible avenues for principled, effective aid.
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Hopgood, Stephen. "When the Music Stops." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.002.
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The modern global humanitarian system takes the form it does because it is underpinned by liberal world order. Now the viability of global liberal institutions is increasingly in doubt, a backlash against humanitarianism (and human rights) has gained momentum. I will argue that without liberal world order, global humanitarianism as we currently understand it is impossible, confronting humanitarians with an existential choice: how might they function in a world which doesn’t have liberal institutions at its core? The version of global humanitarianism with which we are familiar might not survive this transition, but maybe other forms of humanitarian action will emerge. What comes next might not meet the hopes of today’s humanitarians, however. The humanitarian alliance with liberalism is no accident, and if the world is less liberal, its version of humanitarian action is likely to be less liberal too. Nevertheless, humanitarianism will fare better than its humanist twin, human rights, in this new world.
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Wang, Yan, Heide K. Lukosch, and Philipp Schwarz. "The Role of Serious Gaming in Assisting Humanitarian Operations." International Journal of Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijiscram.2019010102.
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Crisis response, including humanitarian operations, is a highly complex field and its effectiveness is challenged by the dynamic partnerships of organizations involved and critical field conditions. Serious gaming is recognized as an effective method for complex systems design and analysis. Given the criticality of complex humanitarian operations and the current challenges faced by humanitarians in crisis response, serious gaming could play an important role in this field. However, the full potential of serious gaming in humanitarian assistance has not been fully explored yet. This article examines the role of serious gaming in assisting humanitarian operations. A board game is developed and played to examine its role in facilitating requirement engineering and training for humanitarian missions. In the contribution, the authors show how they were able to address the vital challenges faced by humanitarian aid workers in crisis response. Additionally, the outcomes of game sessions and their implications for humanitarian operations of the future was discussed.
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Rieff, David. "Moral Imperatives and Political Realities." Ethics & International Affairs 13 (March 1999): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00325.x.
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Thomas Weiss's essay is a fine contribution to the current conversation within the humanitarian international, but there is a worrying absence of a broader, extra-humanitarian context in the discussion. There is no question that “Human Rightsism” has become the dominant political ideology of the international new class, and the common currency of UN treaties, academic conferences, and charitable foundation mission statements.What remains open to question is whether, in the field, where humanitarians and human rights activists do their work, this revolution is real, or whether it is instead a fiction well-intentioned Westerners have chosen to believe in because otherwise the realities of the contemporary world would seem too bleak. It is an ironic reality that humanitarian workers and human rights activists have become the last interventionists. But should the humanitarian movement be embarking down the path of demanding more political action and, when necessary in order to allow humanitarians to do their work, military intervention? Should, as relief agencies insist, humanitarian considerations always take pride of place? There are unexamined assumptions here that need to be thought through more rigorously than those engaged in the debate have seemed willing to do.
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Weiss, Thomas G. "Principles, Politics, and Humanitarian Action." Ethics & International Affairs 13 (March 1999): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1999.tb00322.x.
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The tragedies of the past decade have led to an identity crisis among humanitarians. Respecting traditional principles of neutrality and impartiality and operating procedures based on consent has created as many problems as it has solved. A debate is raging between “classicists,” who believe that humanitarian action can be insulated from politics, and various “political humanitarians,” who are attempting to use politics to improve relief and delivery in war zonesThis essay examines the pros and cons of impartial versus political humanitarianism and differing approaches across a spectrum of actors, including the classicists, led by the International Committee of the Red Cross, who believe that humanitarian action can and should be completely insulated from politics; the “minimalists,” who “aim to do no harm” in delivering relief; the “maximalists,” who have a more ambitious agenda of employing humanitarian action as part of a comprehensive strategy to transform conflict; and the “solidarists,” exemplified by Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders), who choose sides and abandon neutrality and impartiality as well as reject consent as a prerequisite for intervention. The essay argues that there is no longer any need to ask whether politics and humanitarian action intersect. The real question is how this intersection can be managed to ensure more humanized politics and more effective humanitarian action.
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Farah, Reem. "Expat, Local, and Refugee." Migration and Society 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2020.030111.
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In migration studies, humanitarian work and workers are studied as benefactors or managers of migrants and refugees. This article inverts the gaze from “researching down” refugees to “studying up” the humanitarian structure that governs them. The article studies how the humanitarian industry ballooned after the Syrian refugee response in Jordan due to the influx of expatriate humanitarians as economic migrants from the global North to refugee situations in the host country in the global South. It examines the global division of mobility and labor among expatriate, local, and refugee humanitarian workers, investigating the correlation between geographic (horizontal) mobility and social/professional (vertical) mobility, demonstrating that the social and professional mobility of workers depends on their ability to access geographic mobility. Thus, rather than advocating for and facilitating global mobility, the humanitarian industry maintains a colonial division of labor and mobility. This raises the question: who benefits most from humanitarian assistance?
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Fast, Larissa. "Governing Data: Relationships, Trust & Ethics in Leveraging Data & Technology in Service of Humanitarian Health Delivery." Daedalus 152, no. 2 (2023): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01996.
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Abstract Across the humanitarian sector, “data”permeate and inform responses to violence, disaster, and health-related crises. Delivering health care in humanitarian emergencies or conflict contexts requires many types of data: numbers and narratives about patients, staff, disease, treatment, and services. Multiple demands drive data collection at various levels, too often resulting in a mismatch between the tenets of data minimization (collect only what you need) and usage (use all you collect). Donors mandate specific data collection via both official reporting and ad hoc, informal requests, and humanitarians share data with other humanitarians and with donors. In this essay, I examine the specific issue of sharing data between and among humanitarians and donor governments. I pay particular attention to governance and the often-overlooked relational dimension of data, their implications for trust, as well as the ethical questions that arise in light of existing debates about localization and decolonizing the humanitarian sector.
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Olanipekun, Olusola Victor. "Should We Suspend the Truth to Prevent Harm?" Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 67, no. 2 (August 12, 2022): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2022.2.10.
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"The paper examines the ethics of truth telling and free speech in Jonathan Rauch’s The Humanitarian Threat. The central question is this: “Should we suspend the truth to prevent harm?”. Both humanitarians and the anti-humanitarians supply different responses to this question. While the humanitarians supplied a positive answer, Rauch argues that the anti-humanitarian posture of the exponents of liberalism supplied a negative answer. The paper considers the humanitarian argument that puts the welfare of the people above the truth or anything else. Meanwhile, for the anti-humanitarians, the right to speak the truth must be guaranteed at all time. This paper argues that, in practice, the morality of truth telling is not only context bound, it also depends on what the truth is meant to achieve. Thus, the suspension of the truth may be consistent with morality in some medical and sensitive security situations due to the tendency to cause harm. The paper does not argue that the truth be suspended arbitrarily or for mischievous reasons. It only concludes by identifying some practical situations under which suspension of the truth may not be inconsistent with morality. Keywords: Truth-telling, Harm, Liberal Science, Humanitarianism, Situational Moral Relativism"
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Walters, Mary Elizabeth. "The U.S. Military: A Reluctant Humanitarian." Modern American History 7, no. 1 (March 2024): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2024.7.
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Since the end of the Second World War, the U.S. military has been among the most important providers of humanitarian assistance, particularly in the wake of natural disasters and conflict. Yet, aid organizations rarely consider the U.S. military a humanitarian actor, and military personnel do not identify primarily as humanitarians. Nevertheless, the logistics and manpower capacities of the U.S. military have often pushed it into humanitarian spheres. Once involved, however, the traditional humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality, neutrality, and independence do not drive the military provision of humanitarian assistance. Instead, military personnel approach humanitarian assistance through their training, namely, moving items, building things, and managing people. They often pair a training-based framework with a general sense of helping those in need. The U.S. military is a humanitarian actor, but coming to grips with that requires reimaging humanitarianism. To explore the military as humanitarian, this essay first examines how the demands of logistics pushed the U.S. military into becoming a provider of refugee assistance in Albania during the 1999 Kosovo crisis. It then uses the 2021 evacuation and resettlement of Afghans to explore how the U.S. military's ready pool of manpower led it to become more deeply involved in humanitarian responses. Humanitarian crises are almost invariably complex and messy. The moral imperative to help those in need interacts with political and security priorities in often uncomfortable ways. That confluence helps explain why the U.S. military assists with some, but not other, crises.
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Hunt, Matthew, Sharon O’Brien, Patrick Cadwell, and Dónal P. O’Mathúna. "Ethics at the Intersection of Crisis Translation and Humanitarian Innovation." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.022.
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Language and its translation are important operational concerns in humanitarian crisis response. Information sharing, coordination, collaboration and relationship-building all revolve around the ability to communicate effectively. However, doing so is hampered in many humanitarian crises by linguistic differences and a lack of access to adequate translation. Various innovative practices and products are being developed and deployed with the goal of addressing these concerns. In this theoretical paper, we critically appraise the ethical terrain of crisis translation and humanitarian innovation. We identify ethical issues related to three broad themes. First, we foreground questions of justice in access to translation and its prioritisation in contexts of widespread and pressing needs. Second, we consider the relationship between humanitarian ethics and the ethics of crisis translation. We argue for the importance of attending to epistemic justice in humanitarian crisis response, and consider how Ricoeur’s conception of linguistic hospitality provides insights into how relationships in humanitarian settings can be understood through the lens of an ethics of exchange while also acknowledging the steep asymmetries that often exist in these contexts. Finally, we identify issues related to how translation innovations intersect with humanitarian values and humanitarians’ ethical commitments.
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Bollettino, Vincenzo, Allyson Brown Kenney, Sarah Schwartz, and Gilbert Burnham. "Humanitarian Leadership." Social Science Protocols 2 (July 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.2019.2652.
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Leadership skills are essential to addressing today’s humanitarian challenges. While leadership training programs abound in the private sector and within the military, the same is not true for the humanitarian field. International donors have recognized this gap and have recently invested in formal leadership training programs for aid workers. This paper presents a protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of the National NGO Program on Humanitarian Leadership, a leadership training course targeted to humanitarians working for national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) worldwide. The protocol establishes a model for evaluating the impact of NNPHL participants’ ability to make decisions about complex challenges in a manner that is consistent with a core set of leadership competencies introduced in the course. The evaluation consists of scenario-based vignettes that the participants answer in order to assess their leadership competencies through a series of illustrative indicators. This paper also includes a discussion of the definition of leadership, both broadly and through the NNPHL course, and the study’s strengths and limitations along with avenues for future research.
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Edwards, Jonathan. "Should Humanitarians be Heroes?" International Journal of Applied Philosophy 34, no. 2 (2020): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap2021413152.
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Humanitarian aid workers typically reject the accolade of hero as both untrue and undesirable. Untrue when they claim not to be acting beyond the call of duty, and undesirable so far as celebrating heroism risks elevating “heroic” choices over safer, and perhaps wiser ones. However, this leaves unresolved a tension between the denial of heroism and a sense in which certain humanitarian acts really appear heroic. And, the concern that in rejecting the aspiration to heroism an opportunity is lost to inspire more and better humanitarian action. Having set out this problem in more detail in Part I, the argument in Part II will suggest that a virtue ethics approach to humanitarian moral obligations can make good sense of our intuitions concerning the role of heroism in humanitarian action. In Part III I will argue that at least “professional” humanitarians, instead of rejecting heroism, should aim to be heroes, in the sense of displaying a virtue of humanity in high-stakes contexts, because this is consistent with the aim of humanitarian action. Finally, some lingering problems of demandingness and motivation are considered.
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Sharma, Devika. "Gælden, gaven og geden: Om skyldnere og humanitær økonomi." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 46, no. 125 (May 15, 2018): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v46i125.105558.
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This article centers on the complex relationship between debt and gifts – or, more to the point, between the neoliberal economy of debt as diagnosed by Maurizio Lazzarato, among others, and humanitarian subjectivity; Between debt government and humanitarian government. Drawing on the work of Ananya Roy and looking to objects of debt/humanitarian relief such as Greece and Haiti, I suggest that what Lazzarato terms ‘indebted man’ today co-exists in hitherto unexamined ways with ‘humanitarian man’, and that these two forms of subjectivity in fact share dispositions of guilt and shame. In order to further examine the guilty or ‘indebted’ disposition of everyday humanitarians I then continue to discuss a particular humanitarian product, namely the ‘charity goat’ and other third-party gifts. Here I draw in particular on Lilie Chouliaraki’s notion of post-humanitarianism in order to suggest that third-party charitable giving gives cultural form to the experience of indebtedness of the humanitarian gift-giver. This experience is, I finally suggest, part of a broader Scandinavian, but not exclusively Scandinavian, predicament of privilege.
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Houbeish, Houda. "Humanitarian Communication Through the Lens of Feminist Ethics of Care." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 13, no. 1 (November 5, 2021): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v13i1.307.
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Ethics are the driving force of the humanitarian field, a domain that has been governed by general and universal ethical principles. Researchers have largely focused on studying the organizational commitment to these principles, paying less attention to the role-specific ethics of this field. Moreover, researchers who consider the humanitarian field from a media studies lens have often focused on media representation, while questions about communication as practice are sidelined. In this paper, I approach humanitarian ethics with a particular focus on role morality and communication practices. With a particular focus on the role of a humanitarian communications specialist, I argue, in this paper, that the feminist ethics of care is a useful ethical framework that can guide communication specialists to better practices when they are in the field of operation. I also answer the following research questions: What are the main ethical principles that humanitarian communication specialists are expected to observe as humanitarians? Why are these principles insufficient? How might feminist ethics of care fill the gap left by current humanitarian principles and what would be the added value of this framework for practicing humanitarian communication? To answer, I ground my approach in an experiential understanding built from my personal experience as a humanitarian communications specialist. Second, I offer a literature review to highlight the common ground between humanitarian ethics and the feminist ethics of care and the added value of the feminist ethics of care why applied by humanitarian communication specialists. Third, I provide some examples of communications practices that may follow the feminist ethics of care model.
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Holmes, John. "Responsibility to Protect." Global Responsibility to Protect 6, no. 2 (June 12, 2014): 126–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00602003.
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Where does the humanitarian community sit in relation to continuing debates about the Responsibility to Protect (R2P)? The third pillar of R2P is often seen as the practical manifestation of an older idea of humanitarian intervention, given much attention after the Rwandan genocide and Srebrenica. Many humanitarians have long been reticent about the idea of so-called humanitarian intervention and, thus, of R2P. This article examines the logic behind this reticence and explores the practical relationship between R2P and humanitarian action. In particular, it focuses on three major crises during Holmes’s time as Emergency Relief Coordination – Darfur, Sri Lanka and Myanmar – and goes on to consider briefly how and why R2P has been invoked, or not, in the more recent crises of Libya and Syria. It concludes with reflections about the implications for the future.
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Grigaitė, Gabija. "Responsibility to Protect Concept and Conflict in International Law." Teisė 83 (January 1, 2012): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2012.0.106.
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Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami tarptautinės teisės konfliktai, susiję su humanitarine intervencija: konfliktas dėl humanitarinės intervencijos ir naujosios Pareigos apsaugoti koncepcijos sampratos; konfliktas dėl teisinio humanitarinės intervencijos teisės reglamentavimo skirtumų universaliu ir regioniniu lygmeniu bei konfliktas dėl humanitarinės intervencijos kaip teisingo karo vertinimo šiuolaikinėje tarptautinėje teisėje. Daugiausio dėmesio skiriama naujajai Pareigos apsaugoti koncepcijai ir jos įtakai humanitarinės intervencijos teisėtumo bei humanitarinės intervencijos kaip teisingo karo vertinimui šiuolaikinėje tarptautinėje teisėje. This article focuses on three conflicts surrounding humanitarian intervention: first of all, conflict in the concept of humanitarian intervention and new concept Responsibility to protect; then conflict in legal regulation of humanitarian intervention on universal and regional levels and finally conflict in legitimacy of humanitarian intervention. The Responsibility to protect concept and its implications for legality and legitimacy of humanitarian intervention in international law are the main object of the article.
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Shesterinina, Anastasia. "Identifying Contemporary Civil Wars' Effects on Humanitarian Needs, Responses & Outcomes." Daedalus 152, no. 2 (2023): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01990.
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Abstract Contemporary civil wars are highly complex processes involving a myriad of nonstate, state, civilian, and external actors. These actors develop systems of relationships that evolve during conflict and affect humanitarian needs, responses, and outcomes. This is because humanitarian actors are not isolated from but are part of these social systems. Their activities are constituted by and are constitutive of the interactions between the internal and external actors engaged in civil wars. This essay advances an analytical framework for mapping systems of relationships between the actors at the center of contemporary civil wars to understand how the relationships established by humanitarians transform for reasons outside of their control. This framework highlights the contingency inherent in wartime humanitarian activities in general, and health care provision in particular, and the need for locally informed, adaptive humanitarian practices in changing conflict environments.
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Murdocca, Carmela. "“Let’s help our own”: Humanitarian compassion as racial governance in settler colonialism." Oñati Socio-Legal Series 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 1270–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35295/osls.iisl/0000-0000-0000-1067.
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This article explores narratives of humanitarian compassion as rendered intelligible through the relational intersecting concerns about Syrian refugees and the suicide crisis in the Indigenous community of Attawapiskat, Ontario. Fuelled by a combination of anti-refugee rhetoric, racism and ongoing colonialism experienced by Indigenous people and communities, public and media discourse reveals how humanitarian governance is constitutive of the genealogy of settler colonialism. I suggest that examining the political genealogy of humanitarian governance in white settler colonialism assists in revealing the centrality of racial colonial violence in producing public and media discourse that is contingent upon the relational currencies of anti-refugee rhetoric, racism and humanitarian compassion. As expressions of a grammar of racial difference in liberal settler colonialism, these discourses ultimately reveal how racial colonial violence is constituted through the genealogy of humanitarianism. Este artículo examina las narrativas de compasión humanitaria entendidas a través de las preocupaciones interseccionales de relación sobre los refugiados sirios y la crisis de suicidios en la comunidad indígena de Attawapiskat, Ontario. Alimentado por una combinación de retórica antirrefugiados, racismo y colonialismo persistente experimentado por los pueblos indígenas, el discurso público y mediático revela que la gobernanza humanitaria es constitutiva de la genealogía del colonialismo de asentamiento. Propongo que un examen de la genealogía política de la gobernanza humanitaria en el colonialismo de asentamiento blanco ayuda a revelar la centralidad de la violencia colonial racial en la producción de un discurso público y mediático que es contingente a la moneda de cambio relacional de la retórica racista y antirrefugiados y de la compasión humanitaria. Como expresiones de la gramática de la diferencia racial en el colonialismo liberal del asentamiento, estos discursos finalmente revelan cómo la violencia colonial racial se constituye a través de la genealogía del humanitarismo.
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Lynch, Betsy. "Humanitarian." English Journal 86, no. 5 (September 1997): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/820441.
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Kozhemyakin, M. V. "FROM HUMANITARIAN KNOWLEDGE TO HUMANITARIAN TECHNOLOGY." On-line Scientific & Educational Bulletin “Health & Education Millennium” 20, no. 7 (July 30, 2018): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2226-7417-2018-20-7-58-63.
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Zemtsov, B. N. "Humanitarian environment in non-humanitarian universities." Alma mater. Vestnik Vysshey Shkoly, no. 2 (February 2018): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/am.2-18.088.
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McArdle, Scarlett, and Christy Shucksmith-Wesley. "International Non-State Humanitarian Actors outside of the International Legal System: Can there be any Legal Consequences for Humanitarian Actors?" Journal of Conflict and Security Law 26, no. 3 (October 18, 2021): 525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krab018.
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Abstract Humanitarians are saviours, people employed by organisations that were created to provide neutral and professional help in times of conflict, disaster or other emergencies. We assume that we can trust the humanitarians.1 This, at least, is the theory of humanitarianism. However, news outlets depict the actions of humanitarians somewhat differently. The accusations levied at humanitarian actors, including Oxfam and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) within the past three years, include that individuals have committed crimes against those they are meant to be helping, organisations have swept said abhorrent behaviour under the rug, and that the consequences for the individuals concerned are, at worst, being ‘let go’ or demoted. These scandals have besmirched the reputation of the humanitarian profession. In some instances, the scandals have undermined perceptions of humanitarian actors and, consequently, mired funding for the important work that they do. Although a multitude of actors’ act in the same spaces and places, including in armed conflict and disasters, only some are subject to accountability and responsibility on the international stage. Our question is what can and could be done at the international level to address the accusations and, in some cases, unlawful behaviour? This article explores avenues within and outside of the international legal system to ensure responsibility of those embroiled in illegal acts.
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McArdle, Scarlett, and Christy Shucksmith-Wesley. "International Non-State Humanitarian Actors outside of the International Legal System: Can there be any Legal Consequences for Humanitarian Actors?" Journal of Conflict and Security Law 26, no. 3 (October 18, 2021): 525–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krab018.
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Abstract Humanitarians are saviours, people employed by organisations that were created to provide neutral and professional help in times of conflict, disaster or other emergencies. We assume that we can trust the humanitarians.1 This, at least, is the theory of humanitarianism. However, news outlets depict the actions of humanitarians somewhat differently. The accusations levied at humanitarian actors, including Oxfam and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) within the past three years, include that individuals have committed crimes against those they are meant to be helping, organisations have swept said abhorrent behaviour under the rug, and that the consequences for the individuals concerned are, at worst, being ‘let go’ or demoted. These scandals have besmirched the reputation of the humanitarian profession. In some instances, the scandals have undermined perceptions of humanitarian actors and, consequently, mired funding for the important work that they do. Although a multitude of actors’ act in the same spaces and places, including in armed conflict and disasters, only some are subject to accountability and responsibility on the international stage. Our question is what can and could be done at the international level to address the accusations and, in some cases, unlawful behaviour? This article explores avenues within and outside of the international legal system to ensure responsibility of those embroiled in illegal acts.
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Sahraoui, Nina. "Gendering the care/control nexus of the humanitarian border: Women’s bodies and gendered control of mobility in a EUropean borderland." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 5 (June 12, 2020): 905–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775820925487.
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Building upon and contributing to a feminist geography of borders, the chosen methodological approach examines women’s bodily experiences at a Southern EUropean border, the Spanish enclave of Melilla. Drawing on three months of ethnographic fieldwork, this article scrutinises the care interactions unfolding in a Centre for Immigrants between medical humanitarians and women residing there in their position as both migrants and patients. The analysis foregrounds the gendered forms of domination that the care function of the humanitarian border entails. I argue that medical humanitarians are vested with the power to decide over women’s mobility in the name of care on the basis of an entanglement of administrative and medical procedures in this border context. While women are subject to greater humanitarian intervention due to the association of their embodied states with vulnerability, the biopolitical migration management of the border grants medical humanitarians a decision-making authority. The article uncovers how medical humanitarianism, enmeshed in the border regime, yields gendered constraints from practices of immobilisation to imposed practices of mothering. It traces the rationale for these practices to racialised and gendered processes of othering that usher in perceptions of undeservingness and sustain a humanitarian claim for biopolitical responsibility over these women’s mobility.
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Duursma, Allard, Larissa Fast, and Róisín Read. "Blurred Lines or Spatial Clustering? Assessing the Association between Peacekeeping Presence and Attacks against Humanitarians in Darfur." Journal of International Peacekeeping 25, no. 4 (May 8, 2023): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18754112-25040003.
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Abstract A prominent explanation of the rising attacks on aid workers is that aid workers in proximity to peacekeepers or soldiers of an intervention force are seen to be associated with them. This article leverages high-quality, disaggregated data collected by the UN about attacks on humanitarians in Darfur between January 2008 and March 2009 to examine this “blurring of the lines” explantion. We argue that rather than a blurred lines logic, spatial clustering of peacekeepers and humanitarians in a given area explains why aid workers are often attacked in proximity to peacekeepers. Consistent with this argument, we find that when controlling for humanitarian activity, the number of peacekeepers in an area is no longer significantly associated with attacks on aid workers. This study has important implications for current discussions on the relationship between humanitarians and peacekeepers and the concept of humanitarian space.
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Billaud, Julie. "Humanitarian technologies of trust." Cambridge Journal of Anthropology 41, no. 2 (September 1, 2023): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cja.2023.410204.
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Abstract What is trust, and how is it established in humanitarian operations? Why do humanitarians consider trust a vital resource in their work? Building on the International Committee of the Red Cross’ response to urban violence and the anthropological literature that conceives trust both as a modern social virtue and a technology of power, I examine the ways in which trust is enacted and practiced in humanitarian settings. While the organisation's legalistic logic has traditionally led to a conceptualisation of trust as the end result of a ‘moral contract’ rooted in the Geneva Conventions and operationalised through ‘confidential dialogue’ and face-to-face interactions, more recent concerns for accountability have surprisingly led to the establishment of technocratic procedures where trustworthiness is achieved through the emptying out of social relations.
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Cozzolino, Alessandra, Ewa Wankowicz, and Enrico Massaroni. "Logistics service providers’ engagement in disaster relief initiatives." International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences 9, no. 3/4 (September 18, 2017): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijqss-04-2017-0040.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the contribution of logistics service providers’ (LSPs) initiatives to disaster relief and how LSPs are engaged with humanitarian sector. In recent years, the importance of logistics services in disaster relief operations and the capacity of LSPs to improve humanitarian supply chain management have become an increasingly interesting topic for both professionals and academics. Design/methodology/approach This research follows a qualitative approach based on multiple case studies. Findings The current research, after considering the differences and similarities among collaboration, cooperation and coordination and underlining how crucial these mechanisms are in the humanitarian context, explains the contribution of LSPs to relief operations alongside humanitarians. Research limitations/implications There has been increased interest in humanitarian logistics on the part of international academic and professional communities. This study constitutes a first exploratory step in the research to build a platform for benchmarking analysis of logistics services that aims to ensure the effective implementation of social responsibility principles. Practical implications The managerial implications arising from the research offer a range of current responsible actions from which strategic and operative directions to contribute can be derived. Originality/value Humanitarian logistics represents a crucial field in logistics management. This paper addresses the innovative socially responsible initiatives undertaken by the main international LSPs in the area of humanitarian logistics.
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JEON, Soomin, and Chae-Deug Yi. "China's Humanitarian Aid and Efforts to Engage in International Humanitarian Assistance." Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31720/jga.5.1.6.
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Tomalin, Emma, and Olivia Wilkinson. "NGO-isation, Local Faith Actors and ‘Legitimate’ Humanitarian Action in South Sudan." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 5, no. 2 (November 23, 2023): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.109.
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This paper explores findings from research carried out alongside a humanitarian project called ‘Bridging the Gap (BtG): The Role of Local Faith Actors in Humanitarian Response in South Sudan’. BtG aimed to better understand the barriers that stand in the way of engagement between local faith actors (LFAs) and international humanitarians (IHs) and to introduce learning opportunities (e.g. training and workshops) to address these. We share perspectives from the LFAs who participated in this ‘localisation’ project about what it means to become ‘legitimate’ humanitarian actors that are recognised and trusted by the international system and why this is important for them, as well as what BtG tells us about the legitimacy of the international humanitarian system from the point of view of LFAs and LFAs’ legitimacy in the eyes of their local communities. We also reflect upon the ways in which the processes of NGO-isation and professionalisation that accompany this journey to become ‘legitimate’, can compromise and undervalue the very qualities that local actors are presumed to possess. This does not indicate the failure of the localisation agenda, but that bold action is needed to make localisation more inclusive in ways that might challenge some areas of humanitarian orthodoxy.
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Kernot, Sarah. "Humanitarian intervention: Human rights versus humanitarian assistance." Global Change, Peace & Security 18, no. 1 (February 2006): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14781150500453245.
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Nurmala, N., Sander de Leeuw, and Wout Dullaert. "Humanitarian–business partnerships in managing humanitarian logistics." Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/scm-07-2016-0262.
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Purpose The aim of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review to understand the state of the art of partnerships between humanitarian organizations and business corporations in managing humanitarian logistics. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review is conducted based on the steps proposed by Denyer and Tranfield (2009). The context-intervention-mechanism-outcome (CIMO) logic is applied to identify the state of the art of partnerships between humanitarian organizations and business corporations in humanitarian logistics. Thirty-six papers related to the topic are extracted from recognized journal databases and then classified into four categories based on the CIMO logic: situational context, intervention factors, mechanisms and outcomes. Findings The study shows that while the context and mechanisms for developing cross-sector partnerships between the humanitarian and the business sector have been examined and illuminated by many researchers, additional research (in particular, empirical studies) is needed to measure outcomes as well as the contributions of partnerships to the performance of humanitarian logistics. In addition to synthesizing the literature in this area, this study also presents challenges of such partnerships. Practical implications The study improves the understanding of the state of cross-sector partnerships in humanitarian logistics as well as identifies opportunities for future research in this area. The study provides reasons and motives of initiating humanitarian–business partnerships in humanitarian logistics as well as their mechanisms and potential outcomes. This may help in developing successful logistics partnerships with each other. Originality/value This is the first systematic literature review to examine the nature of partnerships between humanitarian organizations and business corporations in humanitarian logistics using CIMO logic.
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Donnelly, Jack. "Human Rights, Humanitarian Crisis, and Humanitarian Intervention." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 48, no. 4 (December 1993): 607–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070209304800402.
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Ciurea, Andreea Madalina. "Humanitarian business/Humanitarian intervention: ideas in action." Resilience 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21693293.2014.998851.
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Grunewald, François, and Laurence Tessier. "Zones grises, crises durables, conflits oubliés: les défis humanitaires." International Review of the Red Cross 83, no. 842 (June 2001): 323–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s156077550010570x.
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Abstract Grey zones, lasting crises and forgotten conflicts are typical of our times. Even though certain conflicts come to an end, many do not because no solution is found for the underlying causes. The great majority of these conflicts are internal and involve non-State entities; they are civil wars. Such complex and interminable crises are a challenge not only for statesmen and diplomats but also for “humanitarians”, in particular the international organizations in charge of humanitarian action. The authors examine the causes and characteristics of such conflicts. They particularly highlight the fact that unending wars not only create short-term humanitarian problems but in the long run destroy civil society. What are the solutions to such conflicts? The authors call for a change of attitudes and a new approach to lasting crises and suggest various forms of action to be taken by the international community. While adequate measures for dealing with humanitarian issues have been found for traditional wars, lasting crises and forgotten conflicts are still awaiting a response by the humanitarian community.
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Hart, Jason. "The Child as Vulnerable Victim: Humanitarianism Constructs Its Object." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 6 (March 14, 2023): 5102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20065102.
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Over the last one hundred years, humanitarian agencies have considered children primarily through the lens of vulnerability. Advocacy for attention to children’s agency and for their participation has burgeoned since the 1980s without shifting the powerful hold that assumptions of vulnerability have had over the policy and practices of humanitarians. This article seeks to denaturalise the conceptualisation of children in contexts of emergency as primarily vulnerable (would-be) victims, placing it in historical and geopolitical contexts. It offers a critical analysis of both conventional humanitarian thinking about vulnerability per se and the reasons for its continued invocation in settings of displacement and political violence. Drawing upon examples from the Mau Mau rebellion against British colonial rule in 1950s Kenya, and current humanitarian response to the situation of Palestinian children living under Israeli occupation, this article relates the continued dominance of the vulnerability paradigm to the pursuit of self-interest by elites and the survival strategies of humanitarian agencies. It pays particular attention to the uses to which mental health thinking and programming is put in what may be called the ‘politics of pathologisation’.
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Barbar, Ana Elisa. "Challenges for Ethical Humanitarian Health Responses in Contemporary Conflict Settings." Daedalus 152, no. 2 (2023): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01992.
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Abstract This essay examines the pressures and narratives that constrain humanitarian health actors from meeting their commitments to ethical conduct. I focus on critical contemporary issues that exacerbate or generate new ethical concerns for humanitarians, such as the imperatives to be accountable to affected populations, to “decolonize” humanitarianism, and to respect intersectional diversity; and how maleficence should be interpreted in this changing context. I argue that by adopting certain practices-particularly those that create space for new voices and confront entrenched power systems-today's humanitarian health actors can remain true to their core ethical principles.
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Schwarz, Kaylan C., and Lisa Ann Richey. "Humanitarian humor, digilantism, and the dilemmas of representing volunteer tourism on social media." New Media & Society 21, no. 9 (April 3, 2019): 1928–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819834509.
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How is volunteer tourism practice portrayed and policed in an online setting? First, this article describes three humanitarian-themed campaigns—Radi-Aid on YouTube, Humanitarians of Tinder on Tumblr, and Barbie Savior on Instagram—to consider the ways edgy humor might be employed to rebuke and resolve problematic humanitarian practices as well as representations of the African “other” and the humanitarian self. Second, through an inspection of repeated semi-structured interviews and visual content uploaded to Facebook, this article shows how a group of UK-based international volunteers took measures to avoid “stereotypical” volunteer photography (embracing children, selfies) when communicating their experiences in Kenya to a public audience, determined to avoid the scrutiny of “in the know” audience members. We consider these counter-narratives in light of Jane’s concept of “digilantism,” an emerging style of networked response to injustice.
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Jansen, Bram J. "The humanitarian protectorate of South Sudan? Understanding insecurity for humanitarians in a political economy of aid." Journal of Modern African Studies 55, no. 3 (August 11, 2017): 349–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x17000271.
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ABSTRACTThis paper aims to contribute to debates about humanitarian governance and insecurity in post-conflict situations. It takes the case of South Sudan to explore the relations between humanitarian agencies, the international community, and local authorities, and the ways international and local forms of power become interrelated and contested, and to what effect. The paper is based on eight months of ethnographic research in various locations in South Sudan between 2011 and 2013, in which experiences with and approaches to insecurity among humanitarian aid actors were studied. The research found that many security threats can be understood in relation to the everyday practices of negotiating and maintaining humanitarian access. Perceiving this insecurity as violation or abuse of a moral and practical humanitarianism neglects how humanitarian aid in practice was embedded in broader state building processes. This paper posits instead that much insecurity for humanitarian actors is a symptom of the blurring of international and local forms of power, and this mediates the development of a humanitarian protectorate.
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Easton-Calabria, Evan. "Digital Responsibility." Journal of Humanitarian Affairs 4, no. 3 (March 2, 2023): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jha.097.
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This op-ed outlines key issues humanitarians should consider when assessing their ‘digital responsibility’ to foster digital refugee livelihoods. This includes in particular the need to develop robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks of outcomes of digital livelihoods trainings for refugees – and spaces for critical engagement with the results of such evaluations, including stopping digital livelihoods programming when risks outweigh benefits. It argues that ethical humanitarian engagement in technology must include the development of coherent, contextualised sets of norms and frameworks for responsibility and protection in the digital sphere, including those that address humanitarian efforts to assist refugees to enter the digital economy.
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Güner, Ezgi. "Rejoicing of the hearts: Turkish constructions of Muslim whiteness in Africa south of the Sahara." Africa 93, no. 2 (May 2023): 236–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972023000220.
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AbstractThis article analyses the racial framing of the humanitarian encounter between Turkish and African Muslims as a trope of first contact. Intensifying humanitarian relations with Africa south of the Sahara, in tandem with the foreign policy of the AKP (Justice and Development Party), has led to the emergence of a racialized affective regime in Turkey that endows Islamic philanthropy with new racial meanings. This article argues that racial subjects such as the White Muslim and the Black Muslim are produced through the affective labour of humanitarian volunteers and others, who narrativize and circulate experiences of first contact in Turkey. Based on a multi-sited ethnography in Turkey, Tanzania, Senegal, Gambia and Benin, this article explores race-making as affective labour. Taking on Berg and Ramos-Zayas’s call for an anthropological theorization of race and affect, it develops a critical framework to examine how humanitarian voluntarism produces differently racialized subjects. In order to do so, this analysis draws on James Baldwin’s insights into the racial and affective politics of the first contact to discuss how Turkish humanitarians build on and alter the racialized affective regime Baldwin describes.
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Яницкий, Олег. "Humanitarian catastrophe." Полис. Политические исследования (Polis. Political Studies), no. 1 (January 21, 2015): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2015.01.07.
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