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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Humanitarian'
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Peretti, Umberto. "HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS: INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGIES FOR HUMANITARIAN LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423880.
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During the last decades, disasters and catastrophes both natural and handmade have been radically increased and it seems this way of things will continue the next years.
In such this situation there has been even a growth in terms of humanitarian operations, in particular of the total humanitarian effort in terms of resources and supply chain in general. According to the literature here, the logistic impact covers up to 80% percent of the total effort.
All the organizations involved in these operations gave special attention to logistic performance, with an always crescent focus on effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability. In fact, the long term social impact that the disasters and the next operations can cause to the population and in general to the area, is well known by the researchers. For these reasons it is important to define, monitor and improve the logistic functions efficiency; moreover it is important to introduce a new sustainable way to reach the success of all the operations perspectives.
With this goal in mind, this research introduces new theoretical innovative methods to analyze the logistic systems performances and it introduces, through an appropriate and deep literature review, new models that present the sustainability and the social impact associated to the logistic practices in the humanitarian environment.
This thesis is composed by these principal sections:
• Introduction and analysis of the humanitarian literature with a focus on the different divers that usually are used for the evaluation of humanitarian operations. Moreover it presents a definition of a general decision making framework and its application.
• Introduction and definition of forward distribution models. In particular, the discussion of the tradeoff between the costs analysis and the demand satisfaction or shortage, associated to the use of different fleets and the development of innovative heuristic models for the distribution that considers typical humanitarian features.
• Introduction and definition of innovative reverse logistics practices based on what is normally used in the industrial supply chain and based on what the humanitarian organizations are implementing in the fields; as an example it is presented a real reverse logistics case, with real data and issued from an Italian case study, the Emilia Romagna earthquake (2012). Moreover, an innovative reverse logistic model for the location of reverse plants is presented, with the study of their impact in humanitarian operations.
The present work has carried out to the publishing of several scientific contributions in relevant International Journals and Conferences, like Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management, International Journal of Service and Operations Management and International Journal of Operations and Quantitative Management.<br>Negli ultimi decenni sono aumentati considerevolmente i disastri e le catastrofi sia naturali sia derivanti dall’uomo, con una conseguente crescita del numero delle relative operazioni umanitarie.
In questa situazione, è diventato enorme l’impiego di risorse nella catena di fornitura umanitaria, in cui, secondo la letteratura, la logistica copre fino all’ottanta per cento del totale sforzo.
Inoltre, è stata posta maggiore attenzione alle performance logistiche delle diverse organizzazioni coinvolte nelle operazioni umanitarie e grande cura nei confronti dell’efficienza e della sostenibilità degli aiuti. Efficienza e sostenibilità sono due caratteristiche fortemente legate tra loro, in particolare per quanto riguarda l’impatto sociale a lungo termine dei disastri e le successive operazioni di risposta ai bisogni delle popolazioni colpite.
É stato importante quindi riuscire a definire, monitorare e migliorare l’efficienza delle funzioni logistiche, oltre a introdurre nuovi termini per raggiungere una sostenibilità che si riferisca a tutti gli ambiti dell’operazione.
Su tale fronte, questo elaborato introduce innovativi modelli teorici per l’analisi delle performance dei sistemi logistici e sostiene, attraverso un appropriato studio della letteratura, nuovi modelli che introducono e sviluppano la sostenibilità e l’impatto sociale delle pratiche logistiche in ambiente umanitario, con esclusiva attenzione alle particolarità e alle problematiche ad esso associate.
L’elaborato si articola nelle seguenti parti:
1. Introduzione della letteratura e dei criteri-drivers utilizzati per la valutazione di questioni di carattere umanitario. Sviluppo dello studio del loro legame con applicazioni logistiche reali e numeriche;
2. Introduzione di modelli per la distribuzione nell’ultimo miglio. Discussione dello stretto legame tra flotta logistica e performance in termini di costi e soddisfazione della domanda;
3. Presentazione e sviluppo di modelli euristici per la distribuzione che considerino le caratteristiche tipiche umanitarie e allo stesso tempo introduzione di modelli semplici da implementare e utilizzare in casi reali;
4. Introduzione e definizione di nuove tecniche di reverse logistics in operazioni umanitarie, con studi provenienti dal campo, dalla letteratura e dagli aspetti che le organizzazioni stanno implementando;
5. Presentazione di un caso di reverse attuato in Italia: il waste management dopo il terremoto in Emila Romagna del 2012;
6. Definizione di un nuovo modello per la locazione di impianti di smaltimento e studio dell’impatto, in termini di performance, che questo può avere nelle operazioni umanitarie.
Il lavoro di tesi è stato sviluppato in stretta collaborazione con il Prof. Luk Van Wassenhove, Professore di “Technology and Operations Management” e Direttore dell’Humanitarian Research Group presso l’INSEAD Business School (Fontainebleau, France), e con il Prof. Peter Tatham, Professore di logistica umanitaria presso la Griffith University e Direttore del Dipartimento di “International Business and Asian Studies”. Durante il dottorato e grazie ai periodi di ricerca all’estero, i contributi di tale ricerca sono stati portati alla pubblicazione su importanti riviste e presentati a convegni internazionali.
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Krempel, Jörg. "Humanitarian assistance in modern conflicts: neutral humanitarian aid under pressure." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1984.
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Ewing, Michelle. "Justifying humanitarian intervention." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26196.
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The time is ripe for a re-examination of the doctrine of humanitarian intervention, and in particular, of its legal basis in international law. This thesis attempts to draw attention to the significance of the decision to justify humanitarian intervention in a certain way, and to some of the implications of that decision.<br>The thesis compares the two justificatory options which seem to be most appropriate to the multilateralism of the post-Cold War era: collective humanitarian intervention under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and mulitilateral humanitarian intervention under customary international law. It reviews recent state practice, arguing that a mulitilateral right to intervene for the protection of human rights is emerging at custom.<br>After critically analysing humanitarian intervention's justification under the Charter, the thesis concludes that the better way to justify the doctrine, both in principle and in practice, is under customary law.
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Kingsland, Karen. "Conditional humanitarian intervention." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502132.
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The central claim in the first part of the thesis [sections one to six] is that humanitarian relief that is given with strict adherence to the non-intervention norm results in the virtual abandonment of populations in distress. This claim is supported with examples of the humanitarian relief activity of the International Committee of the Red Cross [ICRC] during the period from the Second World War to the 1990's which show that the traditional humanitarian principles have failed. In light of this I formulated seven principles that embody a new type of humanitarianism that is. politically y engaged, culturally sensitive, and actively promotes human rights. The new principles are supported by rule utilitarianism and are a clear departure from the traditional approach of the ICRC which conducts their relief activity in strict operational neutrality. I maintain that humanitarian relief should no longer be given without question and unconditionally regardless of the circumstances.
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Prado, Perez Ruth Elizabeth. "Non-humanitarian motives and humanitarian intervention : comparing the international response to humanitarian catastrophes in Guatemala and East Timor." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415949.
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Tsunekawa, Hitomi. "The interaction between humanitarian assistance and politics in complex humanitarian emergencies /." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33939.
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This thesis examines how humanitarian assistance and political aspects interact in complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs) in both negative and positive ways, how to minimize negative outcomes, and how humanitarian assistance can contribute to conflict resolution. Although humanitarian assistance has long been considered to be separate from politics, the division between the two has posed serious difficulties for humanitarian aid agencies responding to disasters and even has resulted in negative impacts on political and humanitarian aspects. In order to confront CHEs today, humanitarians need to collaborate conceptually and practically with political actors, while political actors need to be sensitive to humanitarian needs. A priority is considered the minimalist position, aiming at "doing no harm." Under the right circumstances, the maximalist approach can be viewed as an opportunity for maximizing the effects of humanitarian efforts to alleviate people's suffering and contributing to conflict resolution by employing humanitarian assistance as a powerful instrument.
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Nishimura, Kathryn K. (Kathryn Kimie), and Jian Wang. "Calculating humanitarian response capacity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81102.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-65).<br>Since the year 2000, at least 300 disasters occurred annually, catching more than 100 million people unprepared and in need of international assistance every year. The United Nations operates five humanitarian response depots (UNHRDs), stocked with over 1,000 types of humanitarian relief items. In the event of an emergency, the UNHRDs deploy the pre-positioned stocks to meet the initial demand of those people affected. Our thesis evaluates the response capacity of the UNHRDs to a single potential disaster: what percentage of total affected people can be served and in what time period. Developed from a stochastic linear programming model, this two-part index assumes that the depots operate as a network, lead times are proportional to distances from depots, and stockpiles are optimized individually for each relief item. Given a specific level of initial inventory for each item, the model also provides insight into how to distribute relief items throughout the five depots to minimize the expected delivery time. Based on a marginal benefit analysis, each unit of inventory is allocated to a depot to minimize the total expected delivery times to disasters. We describe how the UNHRDs and other humanitarian relief organizations can strategically pre-position limited emergency relief resources to maximize their capacity to respond to disasters.<br>by Kathryn K. Nishimura and Jian Wang.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
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Paglamidis, Konstantinos. "Semiotics of Humanitarian Photography." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22424.
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Communication campaigns by major organizations in the field of development have been heavily dependent on humanitarian photography to motivate and attract donors. This genre of photography serves its purpose by informing, surprising and attracting the attention of a broad audience. It captures real life and real problems people in need have to deal with in remote areas of the world. This paper delves into the use of visual semiotics in the context of humanitarian photography and for the purpose of fund-raising by case study research of recent communication campaigns as implemented by major players in the field such as the International Committee of the Red Cross, the Global Fund to Fights AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Doctors without Border, CARE and Save the Children. The purpose is to identify key issues which allow for the elicitation of a sign framework specific to the fund-raising genre and its idiosyncratic use of visual signs in photography based on a broad theoretical basis of semiotics. The analysis focuses on the content and methods of signification of photography in each case study. The effectiveness of humanitarian photography and important aspects of its function is discussed in the scope of its use as a communication medium for development.
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Lotspeich, Felisha Lynn. "Humanitarian Aid Comparative Study." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1194896012.
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Lek, Erik. "Football in humanitarian action." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-446791.
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This thesis aims to explore why, and in what ways football is, and can be used within humanitarian action. I will discuss the reasons why football is particularly suitable, and how to build an effective program. I will take a closer look at peacebuilding and psychosocial support, how it connects to football and what attributes of the game that promotes a project’s success. The research is based on a literature study, and I have taken examples from both academic articles and other books. I have found a range of attributes that makes football particularly good to work with, including the physical aspect of the game, the joy it brings to the participants, and that it is a safe framed space where to explore new perspectives. That football is a team sport is essential when working with both peacebuilding and psychosocial support. The social platform football consists of is the foundation to cooperation and changing the view of ‘the other’. Moreover, it can build a sense of belongingness, not only to the players themselves but also to the team and the club which might be crucial in a volatile context such as forced migration. I partly challenge the idea that sport does not have any inherent positive factors for people’s well-being. I found the physical aspect and that it is teams that are winning, not individuals as reasons for this. But I also found, that creating an environment where the actors are autonomously motivated is the most important factor, not only to give optimal opportunity for the actors to perform in the best way but for their well-being as well.
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Clark, Tyrome. "Humanitarian Intervention: Moral Perspectives." UNF Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/633.
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This thesis addresses primary concepts in the humanitarian intervention debates. I argue that humanitarian intervention is a perfect duty. The global community has a moral obligation to act decisively in the face of extreme human rights abuses. There are two contrasting theoretical perspectives regarding international relations and humanitarian intervention: statism and cosmopolitanism. These contrasting perspectives contest the relative value of state sovereignty and human rights. Some of the most prominent ethicists in the debate have determined states have a “right” to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of other states to halt severe human rights abuses but there is no “duty”to intervene. These conclusions are largely based upon consequentialist considerations. This thesis argues a deontological perspective is essential. References to events Rwanda, Darfur, and Kosovo are made. There is a critical role for preemptive actions to play in addressing humanitarian crises and calls for global justice.
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Friesen, Ina. "The experiential core of the humanitarian vocation : an analysis of the autobiographical narratives of contemporary humanitarians." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/63928/.
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The thesis provides an in-depth investigation of the significance of specific ethical experiences for humanitarian aid work. Following Emmanuel Levinas's and Martin Buber's understanding of ethics as arising from intersubjective encounters, I analyse four contemporary humanitarian aid workers' memoirs, and investigated the experiences humanitarian aid workers describe as being crucial for their humanitarian engagement revealing the nature of the specific encounters in which they arise as an ethical subject. In doing so, I explored three aspects: first, the role of particular experiences for humanitarian aid workers' motivation to work in the humanitarian sector; second, the role of particular experiences for humanitarian aid workers' ability to cope with the challenging nature of their work; and third the commonalities among these experiences.
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Jarmusch, Carolin. "Part-time Humanitarians : International volunteers in the humanitarian response to the 'European refugee crisis' in Greece." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388596.
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Focusing on the case study of the so-called ‘European refugee crisis’ in Greece since 2015, the research highlights new insights into the motivations, experiences, and challenges of international volunteers in humanitarian relief operations. Unlike previous analyses on volunteer motivations, this study’s analytical framework is built on a combination of the functional (psychological) and symbolic (sociological) approach to the theory of motivation. With the help of Clary and Snyder’s Volunteer Functions Inventory, seven motivations of volunteers are outlined. Further, volunteers’ challenges, including psychological stressors are identified with the help of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Building on a mixed methods research design, 66 responses to an online survey were enriched with data from six in-depth interviews. The study displays volunteers’ typical socio-demographic characteristics to be young, female European students, who come to Greece on their own, who finance their stay through personal income, and who tend to stay between one to three months. The analysis reveals volunteers’ motivations to be first and foremost altruistic; however, internationals are also influenced by other, more self-centered motivations, including their desire to learn through hands-on skills, and to advance their career. Motivations to prolong their volunteer commitment or to return to Greece particularly include social bonds built during previous engagements, the incentive to reduce feelings of guilt over being more fortunate than others, and the desire to relive experiences of increased self-fulfillment and personal growth. Dividing the sample by gender and age illustrates somewhat differing motivations among the sub-samples, leading to the conclusion that volunteers’ motivations are diverse, multifaceted, fluid, and placed somewhere along a spectrum between altruistic and egoistic aspirations. The study of people’s experiences overall suggests high satisfactions among the volunteers; however, sentiments of feeling at times overwhelmed and stressed are very present among most volunteers, regardless the length of their stay Greece or their performed activities. The workload, a too heavy burden of responsibility, lack of sufficient time to reenergize, lack of managerial support, and conflicts among volunteers particularly have the potential to lead to emotional exhaustion, depersonalized behavior, and challenges when returning home.
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Glanville, Luke. "Norms, interests and humanitarian intervention." Thesis, Electronic version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/794.
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Submitted in fullfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (Research) Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Dept. of Modern History. 2005.<br>Thesis (MA)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dept. of Modern History, 2005.<br>Bibliography: p. 268-290.<br>Introduction -- 1. Norms, interests and humanitarian intervention -- 2. Bosnia and Somalia -- 3. Rwanda -- 4. The Clinton Administration and the Balkan Wars -- Conclusion.<br>A number of Constructivist and English school scholars have investigated the degree to which humanitarian intervention is allowed and legitimised by international society. In other words, they have examined the nature and strength of a norm permitting humanitarian intervention. It is the contention of this dissertation that another norm of humanitarian intervention - parallel but discrete - has been neglected. It is argued that ideas and beliefs shared by members of international society not only permit intervention but prescribe it in certain circumstances and this has been largely ignored in the literature.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>290 p
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Bidigaray, Stefan, Janet McKinney, Jose Montes, et al. "Humanitarian Assistance Shelter System (HASS)." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6964.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>As part of a Naval Postgraduate School's capstone project in Systems Engineering, the project team from Cohort 311-101O of the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), performed a Systems Engineering analysis and verified the analysis with the acquisition and partial testing of the Humanitarian Assistance Shelter System (HASS). The HASS was developed in response to a need for a rapidly deployable mid-term shelter solution for disaster victims. There exists immediate shelter solutions for the victims, yet there is no transitional shelter available for the period between the demise of the immediate shelter and acquisition of permanent housing. For example, the displaced Haiti earthquake victims are still living in tents more than a year after the disaster has struck. This report documents the disciplined Systems Engineering approach used to determine the requirements, trade-offs, cost-effective solution, and testing required of the solution to fulfill the HASS stakeholders needs. Due to time constraint, partial testing on the HASS components was done with findings documented as well as recommendation for further testing and future work.
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Gasser, Russell. "Technology for humanitarian landmine clearance." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3445/.
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This thesis examines the technology used for tools and equipment for humanitarian landmine clearance. The main focus is on the removal of mine and unxeploded ordnance contamination in the poor, heavily mined countries, particularly Afghanistan and Cambodia. Initially, the process of humanitarian demining in these countries was examined and described, and the relevant literature reviewed. Three studies were undertaken with a dual purpose of (a) providing relevant contributions to the science of mine clearance and (b) evaluating some of the methods commonly used in humanitarian demining research. (i) A statistical analysis of the evaluation of mine detection systems in trials was undertaken. This demonstrated that (a) this statistical analysis is straightforward, and (b) feasible sized trials do not yield useful results from analysis of the crude minedetection rate. An enhancement to the evaluation process, "Margin of Detection," was suggested. (ii) Research into improved "prodders" for detecting mines was undertaken with as much consultation with deminers as possible early in the research cycle. "Sensing prodders" were shown to function technically but not to improve the overall demining process. Measurements showed that many deminers prod in hard soils with suÆcient force to detonate some mines; rotary prodders were developed to reduce the force required for excavation, but success in the laboratory could not be duplicated in eld conditions. From this work a potentially useful tool for deminer training was developed, which might reduce the risks of accidental detonation. (iii) The limits of a high-tech detection technique (neutron irradiation and detection of prompt gamma rays) were examined (a) to advance understanding of this method and (b) to demonstrate the feasibility of early evaluation of technologies before extensive research is started. This neutron technology was shown to oer potential benets to military demining, but to be unlikely to have general application when the higher clearance standards and lower equipment budgets of humanitarian demining were applied. The thesis ends with conclusions and suggestions for some further work. Throughout the thesis, the research is focussed on investigating practical problems which deminers have suggested as important constraints on their work.
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Sussitz, Hermann. "Pool Sharing in Humanitarian Logistics." Institut für Transportwirtschaft und Logistik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/2995/1/Sussitz.pdf.
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Spraggs, Hannah. "Depicting Displacement and Humanitarian Crisis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411012.
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This study aims to provide an Anglo-Swedish perspective on displacement and humanitarian crisisin post-war Europe through an analysis of photographs and supporting text published by Swedishand British pictorial magazines Se and Picture Post during the period 1945 – 1946. The researchexplores photographs concerning the themes of fallen destiny and fate, humanitarian relief,organisation of displaced persons and civilians rising from ruin. The study questions how Sweden’swartime position of neutrality and Britain’s wartime anti-axis, anti-fascist position affected the wayin which Se and Picture Post, two media organisations loyal to their states and part of a bigger medialandscape, presented their outlook, role and actions on the humanitarian and displacement crisis inpost-war Europe. The study seeks to highlight the importance of the photograph as a usefulhistorical source for historians in understanding mentalities and ideologies of Swedish and Britishmedia organisations in post-war Europe, a source that has often been overlooked. The findings ofthe study show that Se remained mostly positive throughout the post-war period by displayingimages of camp survivors and heroic Swedish humanitarian workers. The reason for this was thatthe editors of Se wanted to continually promote and support Swedish national prestige by depictingSweden as a moral superpower. Se aimed to show support for the national government’s decisionto stand politically neutral during the war, a decision which made it possible to perform rescuemissions in wartime and offer humanitarian support in post-war Europe. In contrast, Picture Postconsciously chose to repeatedly present images of disillusioned Germans, famine and suffering,civic resilience, re-education of Germans and hopeful Jewish survivors in order to blame Germany for the misery that war had created and thus present Britain as the victorious power.
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Tan, Kok Chor Carleton University Dissertation Philosophy. "Humanitarian intervention: permissibility and obligation." Ottawa, 1994.
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Bartlett, Brendan C. "Norm emergence and humanitarian intervention." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FBartlett.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Clunan, Anne. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-141). Also available in print.
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Livieri, Elena <1990>. "Participatory design and humanitarian innovation." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9552.
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I processi di design partecipativi nascono in Scandinavia allo scopo di coinvolgere la cittadinanza nelle scelte di politica, urbanistica e simili. L'obbiettivo di tale approccio era di coinvolgere i diretti interessati nei processi di sviluppo di soluzioni che potessero essere veramente a loro misura. Questo discorso si é esteso negli anni, andando a comprendere diverse nazioni e contesti, molto spesso portando a risultati positivi.
Tra i vari progetti, vi sono esempi che riguardano il convolgimento e l'attivazione di migranti e, in particolare, di rifugiati. A tal proposito molti progetti gestiti dall'UNHCR pongono i rifugiati al centro di ogni fase del processo di design. Questi progetti di innovazione si focalizzano sulle conoscenze e sull'esperienza degli utenti:seguono una prima fase di prototipazione collaborativa in cui i risultati del processo di design vengono testati insieme sul campo; le informazioni raccolte servono poi a raffinare le soluzioni sviluppate fino a renderle effettive.
Questo nuovo approccio sembrerebbe indicare un evoluzione dall'aiuto umanitario assistenziale e paternalista verso l'attivazione e l'empowerment degli utenti che, insieme a ricercatori, designer e cittadini creano così un'innovazione sociale e umanitaria partecipata.
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Thomas, Roslyn. "From stress to sense of coherence : psychological experiences of humanitarian workers in complex humanitarian emergencies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495676.
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Wardell, Clarence L. "Signaling and search in humanitarian giving models of donor and organization behavior in the humanitarian space /." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31721.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.<br>Committee Chair: Rouse, William; Committee Co-Chair: Castillo, Marco; Committee Member: Goldsman, David; Committee Member: Keskinocak, Pinar; Committee Member: Sokol, Joel. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Wardell, Clarence L. III. "Signaling and search in humanitarian giving: models of donor and organization behavior in the humanitarian space." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31721.
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At its core, this dissertation examines the role of information, particularly as it relates to proxies for quality, and how it affects both donor and organization decision processes in the humanitarian space. In Chapter 2 I consider the context of competition within the sub-sector of international humanitarian relief organizations. It has been observed that large scale humanitarian relief events tend to spawn highly competitive environments in which organizations compete with one another for publicity and funding, often times to the detriment of effective resource utilization. The question of why altruistic organizations behave in this manner arises. Positing that competition is a result of dual organization objectives and the inability to credibly signal quality a model of signaling is presented to explain this phenomenon, and conditions under which pooling and separating equilibrium can occur are shown. Results are shown to match closely with observed behavior, and potential policy remedies are considered using the model as a foundation.
Chapter 3 addresses a similar question but broadens the analysis to that of a general market for charitable goods. Building on foundational results in search theory, I propose a two-stage model of donor search behavior to explain the effects of transparency and exposure on both donor and organization behavior as it regards how donors select organizations. Using both analytical and simulated results I show how donor behavior changes under various market constructions, with implications on total market outcomes and organization behavior discussed.
Chapter 4 concludes with an empirical analysis to test the assumptions and results from the models of Chapters 2 and 3. Using an observational data set provided by the online charitable giving marketplace GlobalGiving, fixed effects panel regression and logit models are used to investigate the effects of transparency on both the amount of a donor's gift, and on the likelihood of repeat giving. Results are complicated by discussed validity issues, and in general show that within the context of GlobalGiving proxied transparency does not appear to have a significant practical effect on either the amount of the gift or organization selection by a given donor. While some significance is shown for various constructions, the results are not shown to be robust. A discussion of the results within the context of the donor search model of Chapter 3 is also provided.
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Slim, Hugo. "The humanitarian ethic in war : moral values, civil-military relations and humanitarian professionalism in the 1990s." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289127.
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Papaioannou, Andreas. "Humanitarian Values on Trial: Legal Cases relating to Humanitarian Protection at the Migration Court in Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393910.
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Purpose: The paper’s purpose is to critically discuss how a government institution, the Migration Court in Stockholm, interprets the law and how this interpretation reflects value choices and value priorities. Methodology/Design: The present paper employs qualitative research methods focusing on discursive social psychology and the interpretative repertoire of “effortfulness”. Results/Findings: This paper suggests that the definition of values as behaviour predictors helps us understand how state institutions and, in the present study, the Migration Court in Stockholm can express “other-oriented” values. Value/Originality: The paper’s socio-legal analysis of the humanitarian sector highlights the emergence of the judiciary system as a new humanitarian actor.
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Awan, Ziyad, and Ziaur Rahman. "Supply chain designs for Humanitarian Relief." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12719.
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<p>Due to the unpredictable nature of sudden onset disasters the humans are often caught with surprise so are the humanitarian relief organizations. In order to quickly react to the emergencies, supply chain networks are built instantly by the actors of the relief management. Parallel to this process, need assessment is started with the help of local experts which also confirm that the response cannot be lingered on due a delay in need assessment. After wards the supply chain structure needs to be changed once the right information is gathered by the passage of time. This is not all, actually the situation of the disaster prone area and people also changes by that time which always brings a challenging scenario for humanitarian relief actors to develop the supply chain design with flexibility.Primary focus of this paper is to define right supply chain designs for <em>disaster response and <em>post disaster phases in humanitarian relief. </em></em></p>
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VanderSteen, Jonathan Daniel James. "Humanitarian engineering in the engineering curriculum." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1373.
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Christensen, Jon K., and Jody K. Young. "Drivers of complexity in humanitarian operations." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38901.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>This project investigates the relationship between the geographical dispersion and speed of a disaster and how they increase the complexity of relief operations. Using the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) available from the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED), information was collected and filtered for 281 U.S. disasters that occurred between 2000 and 2011. Data was utilized from the U.S. Census Bureau to supplement the EM-DAT information to determine the area affected for each disaster. Each disaster was then ranked and assigned a value to represent the speed of onset based on each type and subtype that was provided by EM-DAT. Plotting the disasters yielded a graph that was further analyzed to determine whether any patterns existed by comparing the number of personnel affected, number of casualties, and total damage costs incurred. The goal of this analysis is to determine whether the complexity of a disaster can be determined from its dispersion and speed of onset.
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Engel, Vernessa C. "Measuring effectiveness in humanitarian aid organizations." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1077.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Political Science
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Dozier, Meredith J. "Analysis of Humanitarian Assistance Cargo Transportation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/7334.
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Humanitarian assistance is of growing importance to the United States and the Department of Defense's strategic objectives. Thus, United States combatant commands increasingly rely on humanitarian assistance cargo transportation programs to deliver materiel to people in need in their areas of responsibility. This report analyzes the options available to these commands in seeking humanitarian assistance cargo transportation. The report offers a description of current operations, with a specific focus on the European area of responsibility, where these programs have had limited activity. The analysis reaches the following conclusions: (1) currently no transportation program exists that focuses on providing a quality of service to combatant commands and humanitarian assistance transportation needs, (2) legal, fiscal, and operational mechanisms exist and are outlined to create such a program, and (3) exclusively space-available transportation is generally insufficient for providing the quality of service that may be required for relationship-building through humanitarian assistance cargo transportation, and contract shipping may be necessary. These conclusions are placed in the context of current humanitarian assistance operations, and relevant operational considerations are highlighted throughout the report. The analysis is based on both a quantitative model of transportation, as well as detailed conversations with humanitarian assistance personnel throughout key Department of Defense organizations.
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Dittus, Martin Sebastian. "Analysing volunteer engagement in humanitarian crowdmapping." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10024735/.
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Organisers of large crowdsourcing initiatives need to consider how to produce outcomes, but also how to build volunteer capacity. Central concerns include the impact of the first-time contributor experience, and the interplay of different modes of participation in larger organisations that host multiple strands of activity. How can volunteer capacity be built proactively, so that trained volunteers are available when needed? How important are opportunities for social encounter, either online or in person? We present four empirical studies of the Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team (HOT), a novel setting where thousands of volunteers produce maps to support humanitarian aid. Its diversity of settings and activities provides an opportunity to observe the effects of different coordination practices within a single organisation. Participation is online and open to all, however volunteers need to learn specialist tools and workflows. To support newcomers, HOT organises offline events to learn the practice under expert guidance. Our research is motivated by a dual aim: first, to produce empirical evaluations of novel practices, informed by existing community concerns. Second, to revisit existing theories in social and behavioural science through the lens of this novel setting. We use statistical methods to observe the activity and retention of HOT volunteers. The full HOT contribution history is our primary source of empirical evidence, covering multiple years of activity. We can demonstrate that coordination practices have a marked impact on contributor retention. Complex task designs can be a deterrent, while social contribution settings and peer feedback are associated with a significant increase in newcomer retention. We further find that event-centric campaigns can be significant recruiting and reactivation events, however that this is not guaranteed. Our analytical methods provide a means of interpreting key differences in outcomes. We relate our findings to comparable settings, and close with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications.
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Davidson, Anne Leslie. "Key performance indicators in humanitarian logistics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35540.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-87).<br>Non-profit humanitarian relief organizations have typically been unable to measure the performance of their supply chains due to an inability to centrally capture data from operations. With the recent development and implementation of information technology systems that can support the logistics function of these organizations, the data is now available to measure performance, but what is still lacking is a central framework of metrics that measures performance according to the organization's strategic goals. First, this thesis reviews the best practices noted in performance measurement systems of the logistics functions in military and commercial organizations and applies them to the humanitarian sector. Second, the thesis suggests a framework of key performance indicators to be implemented in an international non-profit humanitarian organization based on the unique strategic goals of the sector. The thesis then applies this proposed framework to two actual operations performed by this organization.<br>(cont.) The analysis performed herein proves that a measurement system would help strengthen the organization's ability to deliver goods to beneficiaries more efficiently and effectively. Finally, the thesis addresses feasibility issues of implementing a measurement system in the non-profit sector and also describes the next steps of opportunities related to measurement systems within humanitarian logistics.<br>by Anne Leslie Davidson.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
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Akkihal, Anup Roop. "Inventory pre-positioning for humanitarian operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36318.
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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-98).<br>This research examines the impact of inventory pre-positioning on humanitarian operations. The study identifies optimal locations for warehousing non-consumable inventories required for initial deployment of aid. These facility location problems are geometric optimizations using mean annual homeless resulting from hazards (atmospheric disruptions, floods, waves, landslides, seismic disruptions, volcanoes and wildfires) as an indirect estimation of demand for infrastructure inventory. Minimization of per capita distance, or the average global distance from the nearest warehouse to a forecasted homeless person, is advanced as the objective. An array of formulations, solved using mixed-integer linear programs, predict optimal facility configurations, and corresponding per capita distances, under incremental facility constraints; thereby measuring sensitivity of mean distance to facility proliferation. The problems are devised to also gather insights into maximal covering and the effects of initial conditions.<br>(cont.) Moreover, demand patterns, along with correlated variables such as population and hazard frequency, offer views of regional vulnerability to natural disasters. The results also exhibit the absence of re-configuration, indicating that location decisions may not be impacted by the number of facilities planned.<br>by Anup Roop Akkihal.<br>M.Eng.in Logistics
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Jachens, Liza J. "Job stress among humanitarian aid workers." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52237/.
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Objective: This thesis examined the prevalence of burnout, alcohol consumption, and psychological distress and their association with stress-related working conditions – defined either in terms of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model, or the ERI model combined with the Job Demand-Control-Support (job strain) model (DCS) – in two large-scale international samples of humanitarian aid workers. The studies herein were the first in the extant literature to examine organisational stressors using job stress models in this occupational group. Furthermore, given the paucity of previous research on the subjective stress-related experiences of humanitarian aid workers, this thesis also contains an interview-based study that explored how humanitarian aid workers perceived the transactional stress process. One key characteristic of this thesis was that both quantitative and qualitative approaches were utilised to provide a deep and ecologically valid understanding of the stressor-strain relationship. Identifying the links between stressful aspects of work and both psychological and behavioural health outcomes may help inform the design of sector-specific health interventions. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted to allow for a thorough examination of the prevalence of health and health-related behavioural outcomes, their relationship to stress-related working conditions (psychosocial stressors), and the concept of work-related stress in the population under study. Survey designs were used for Study 1 and 2 and involved the administration of a structured questionnaire. For the first study (Parts 1-2, Organisation A), logistic regression analyses were run based on a cross-sectional survey (N = 1,980) conducted separately for men and women to investigate the relations between ERI and both burnout (Part 1) and heavy alcohol consumption (Part 2) while controlling for demographic and occupational characteristics. In Study 2 (Organisation B), logistic regression analyses were based on a cross-sectional survey (N = 283) conducted separately for men and women to investigate the independent and combined relations between the ERI and DCS models and psychological distress while controlling for demographic and occupational characteristics. The final study was interview-based (Study 3, Organisation B) and it explored how humanitarian aid workers (N = 58) employed by a United Nations-aligned organisation perceived the transactional stress process. Results: The prevalence rates for the burnout components were as follows: high emotional exhaustion—36% for women and 27% for men; high depersonalisation—9% and 10%; and low personal achievement—47% and 31% for women and men, respectively. Intermediate and high ERI scores were associated with a significantly increased risk of high emotional exhaustion, with mixed findings for depersonalisation and personal achievement. The prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption among women (18%) was higher than the corresponding rate for men (10%), lending support for the effort-reward perspective only among women. Intermediate and high ERI scores in women was associated with a three-fold risk of heavy alcohol consumption. The results broadly suggest that occupational stressors from the ERI and DCS models, both individually and in combination, are significantly associated with psychological distress. A thematic analysis undertaken within the qualitative study revealed several main themes. An emergency culture was found where most employees felt compelled to offer an immediate response to humanitarian needs. The rewards of humanitarian work were perceived as motivating and meaningful, and employees experienced a strong identification with humanitarian goals and reported high engagement. Constant change and urgent demands were reported by the participants to result in work overload. Finally, managing work-life boundaries, and receiving positive support from colleagues and managers, helped buffer perceived stress, work overload, and negative health outcomes. Conclusions: The results of the present thesis convincingly demonstrate the usefulness of the ERI model as a framework for investigating burnout and heavy alcohol consumption among humanitarian aid workers. Furthermore, the findings demonstrate the independent and combined predictive effects of components of two alternative job stress models (ERI and DCS) on psychological distress. Taken together, the findings underscore the deleterious associations between work-related psychosocial hazards and mental and behavioural health outcomes. Specifically, unique insights were obtained about the work-related stress process in relation to humanitarian aid workers – for example, the emergency culture shaping organisational norms. The results suggest that interventions based on these two influential theories, and supplemented by knowledge on role-specific stressors evident in the sector, hold promise for reducing health outcomes. The practical implications of the results are discussed and suggestions are made in the light of the present research and stress theory.
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Falasca, Mauro. "Quantitative Decision Models for Humanitarian Logistics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28774.
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Humanitarian relief and aid organizations all over the world implement efforts aimed at recovering from disasters, reducing poverty and promoting human rights. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a series of quantitative decision models to help address some of the challenges faced by humanitarian logistics.
The first study discusses the development of a spreadsheet-based multicriteria scheduling model for a small development aid organization in a South American developing country. Development aid organizations plan and execute efforts that are primarily directed towards promoting human welfare. Because these organizations rely heavily on the use of volunteers to carry out their social mission, it is important that they manage their volunteer workforce efficiently. In this study, we demonstrate not only how the proposed model helps to reduce the number of unfilled shifts and to decrease total scheduling costs, but also how it helps to better satisfy the volunteers’ scheduling preferences, thus supporting long-term retention and effectiveness of the workforce.
The purpose of the second study is to develop a decision model to assist in the management of humanitarian relief volunteers. One of the challenges faced by humanitarian organizations is that there exist limited decision technologies that fit their needs while it has also been pointed out that those organizations experience coordination difficulties with volunteers willing to help. Even though employee workforce management models have been the topic of extensive research over the past decades, no work has focused on the problem of managing humanitarian relief volunteers. In this study, we discuss a series of principles from the field of volunteer management and develop a multicriteria optimization model to assist in the assignment of both individual volunteers and volunteer groups to tasks. We present illustrative examples and analyze two complementary solution methodologies that incorporate the decision maker's preferences and knowledge and allow him/her to trade-off conflicting objectives.
The third study discusses the development of a decision model for the procurement of goods in humanitarian efforts. Despite the prevalence of procurement expenditures in humanitarian efforts, procurement in humanitarian contexts is a topic that has only been discussed in a qualitative manner in the literature. In our paper, we introduce a two stage decision model with recourse to improve the procurement of goods in humanitarian relief supply chains and present an illustrative example. Conclusions, limitations, and directions for future research are also discussed.<br>Ph. D.
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Eftekhar, Mahyar. "Fleet management in the humanitarian sector." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHEC0003/document.
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La gestion de flottes est un défi important pour ces organisations pour deux raisons principales (1) dans les opérationshumanitaires les coûts liés au transport sont très élevés (les plus importants après les frais du personnel) et, (2) le rôlecentral joué par le transport pour répondre à la demande et réduire les délais de livraison. Les organisations humanitairesfont face à des conditions très particulières, par exemple ils opèrent dans des zones avec des infrastructures insuffisantesavec des conditions environnementales extrêmes et ont des contraintes budgétaires très strictes. Dans un pareil contexte, les modèles d’optimisation développés pour des supply chains de type commercial ne sont pas toujours applicables. Par conséquent, une nouvelle série d'outils et des nouvelles théories sont envisageables et même nécessaires. Cette thèse contribue au développement de ces outils. Elle est composée de deux parties qui abordent deux questions clés pour la gestion d’une flotte humanitaire: (1) quelle est la taille optimale de la flotte au fil du temps et quelle est la meilleure stratégie d’achat, (2) quelle sont les meilleures politiques de gestion une fois la flotte sur le terrain. Le manque de données est un vrai souci pour les organisations humanitaires et il empêche l’utilisation de modèles développés pour le secteur commercial qui requièrent un volume de données très important. Par conséquent, la première partie de cette thèse de l’étude propose une méthode pour déterminer la capacité optimale d’une flotte, de manière à réduire les coûts d'approvisionnement tout en répondant aux besoins de la demande, sans faire recours à des données détaillées. Contrairement aux idées reçues dans les organisations humanitaires, les résultats suggèrent qu'un mix de stratégies d'approvisionnement qui suivent la demande et de stratégies qui gardent un niveau de stock constant minimise les coûts. Le modèle suggère aussi que la stratégie d'approvisionnement qui suit la demande est optimale dans la plupart de missions humanitaires. La deuxième partie de l’étude analyse les politiques de gestion de flotte sur le terrain. Pour optimiser les performances de leurs flottes et satisfaire au mieux la demande, les organisations humanitaires mettent en oeuvre des politiques visant à accroître l'utilisation des véhicules tout en préservant leur valeur résiduelle. L’étude analyse la flotte d’une importante organisation humanitaire dans quatre pays (Soudan, Ethiopie, Afghanistan et Géorgie). Les résultats de l’étude montrent que (1) une allocation de véhicules par type de mission n’est pas nécessaire, (2) tous les véhicules doivent être utilisés conformément à la même politique d'utilisation quelle que soit leur mission et, (3) la politique de remplacement des véhicules mise en oeuvre par la plupart des organisations humanitaires n'est pas efficace et doit être revue. L’étude démontre aussi que la maximisation du taux d'utilisation et la maximisation de la valeur résiduelle ne sont pas forcément des objectifs opposés : une politique bien conçue permet de les atteindre simultanément<br>Fleet management is a major concern for international humanitarian organizations because of (1) the magnitude of transportation related costs in humanitarian operations, second only to personnel cost and, (2) the pivotal role that transportation plays in the order fulfillment process. Humanitarian organizations face unusual operating constraints, which include working in areas with poor infrastructure, extreme environmental conditions as well as budget limitations. Most of the existing models derived from commercial supply chains are inapplicable in such a context. Therefore, a new set of tools and theories is required. This dissertation contributes to the development of such a new set of tools. It is composed of two parts that address two related questions in humanitarian fleet management: (1) how to determine the optimal fleet size and the optimal procurement strategy at an aggregate level and, (2) how to optimally manage an existing fleet the field level. Lack of data is the main challenge that prevents humanitarian organizations from adopting data-intensive models developed for commercial supply chains. Accordingly, the first part of this thesis studies how to determine optimal fleet capacity over time and how to minimize procurement costs for different demand profiles in the absence of detailed data. Contrary to conventional wisdom in humanitarian organizations, its findings show that a mixed policy of level and chase procurement strategies minimizes procurement costs and that a level strategy is the optimal approach to procurement in most humanitarian missions. The second part of the dissertation concentrates on fleet management policies at the field level. To optimize fleet performance and maximize demand coverage, humanitarian organizations implement policies to enhance the utilization of vehicles and minimize their physical depreciation. Through the analysis of a large humanitarian organization’s fleet in four representative countries (Sudan, Ethiopia, Afghanistan and Georgia) the results of this dissertation suggest that: (1) it is not necessary to assign different vehicles to specific mission types (2) all vehicles should be used following the same usage policy regardless of their mission type and, (3) the vehicle replacement policy implemented by most humanitarian organizations is not effective and needs to be reconsidered. Results also demonstrate that, on average, a utilization-depreciation trade-off does not exist and that a wellconceived fleet management policy can allow for both higher vehicle utilization and lower depreciation
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Rahmanovic, Faruk. "Humanitarian Military Intervention: A Failed Paradigm." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6748.
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Since the end of the Cold War, traditional justifications for war have diminished in relevance and importance, while the use of Humanitarian Military Interventions (HMI) has proliferated, to the point that formerly traditional wars – e.g. Afghanistan and Iraq invasions – have become retroactively redefined as HMIs. While HMI suffers from a number of problems, from international law to historical track record, its proponents have managed to turn aside all arguments by claiming they represent either statistical outliers, improper implementation, or at best indicate a need for a certain degree of fine-tuning. Crucially, the validity of the HMI practice is never brought into question. In order to attempt to break this dialectic stalemate, this dissertation recasts HMI as a Kuhnian paradigm. Doing so provides for a better understanding of HMI as a holistic Weltanschauung, and allows the problems of HMI to be understood as anomalies. Unlike arguments, anomalies need not engage with every discrete position held by the paradigm. Instead, they serve as a direct demonstration of the untenability of a position, as evidenced by systemic failure to produce the desired results. Consequently, the paradigm approach allows for a binary resolution to the problems of HMI: either the anomalies can be explained by the paradigm, or the paradigm has failed. The present analysis begins with an examination of paradigms and their structures, and then follows the history and context of HMI is considered from a philosophical and historical perspectives. Then, the structure of HMI as a paradigm is unpacked, with the attendant ends, means, justifications, and implications. Finally, four categories of HMI anomalies are presented, leading to the conclusion that the HMI paradigm is a failed one.
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DeThomas, Scott V. "Aerial humanitarian operations delivering strategic effects /." CLICK HERE TO VIEW:, 2004. https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2004/ari/DeThomas.pdf.
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Olsen, Joslyn R. "Funding Sustainable and Humanitarian Architectural Projects." DigitalCommons@USU, 2010. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/619.
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The purpose of this project is to identify sources of funding for sustainable building projects and create a catalog of the findings. This study targeted the nonprofit, humanitarian, and private organization sectors with the goal to encourage subsequent projects that may positively impact the quality of life for people in need. It has been predicted that in the next 25 years 75% of America's built environment will be either new or renovated. The downside is that new buildings cause substantial ecological damage due to the extraction of materials and account for as much as 40% of all greenhouse gases. As a result, trends in the industry of design show growth in the green-building market. How do organizations without financial means maintain environmental responsibility as they build to meet needs? Besides identifying financing sources for above-mentioned types of organizations, this thesis also offers a model for the grant-finding process geared toward first-time searchers/applicants. Applicable sources of funding from this catalog will be recommended to the Teton Valley Community School (TVCS), winner of the 2009 Open Architecture Challenge, in Victor, Idaho, and the case study for this project. At the time of this study, between September, 2009 and February, 2010, the Teton Valley Community School was in the process of seeking out grant opportunities for their innovative, sustainable classroom project. At this writing, the total figure to be raised has not yet been determined, though it is expected to be in the $5-10 million range. The TVCS master plan is to eventually build five additional classrooms with design objectives to create flexible spatial configurations, reduce the school's ecological footprint, and build a strong connection to the outdoors in response to the mountain climate where they are located.
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Casula, Daniela. "Humanitarian Intervention and Responsibility to Protect." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200716.
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The evolution of the idea of the Responsibility to Protect from its introduction in the ICISS Report in 2001 to the Secretary General’s Report on Implementing the Responsibility to Protect, issued in 2009. A reconsideration of the traditional concept of sovereignty in the light of the principle of the Responsibility to Protect. The institutionalization of the Responsibility to Protect principle within the context of the United Nations' Institutional Reform. The increasingly significant role of regional organizations: pro and cons of regionalism. A comparison between two concrete and contemporary cases: the implementation of the Responsibility to Protect in the Darfur region of the Sudan and in Kosovo.
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Bilal, Mudassar. "The Role of Supply Chain Management in Humanitarian Logistics : The Role of Supply Chain Management in Humanitarian Logistics." Thesis, University of Gävle, Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7187.
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<p>Natural disaster hits and damages the lives thousand of human beings and their infrastructure. Natural disaster can not be stopped but we can minimize the volume of devastation and destruction caused by the disaster. Especially, in third world countries the level to respond the disaster is limited and narrow, so these countries have to suffer more then the developed countries, where as in developed countries valuable recourses and effective planning are existed to deal with natural disasters. So this thing insists me to write something just to get know how about all humanitarian and relief activities.I have utilized the SCM Supply chain management practices and techniques in order to conquer barriers faced by logistician of humanitarian response/ relief operation during disaster. I will use methodology of empirical data technique, barriers will be discovered and analyzed then proposed solutions would be picked up from the literature of supply chain management for the barriers to effective humanitarian logistics.There is a mixture of SCM principle from various organizations such as military, private sector and nonprofit organization in order to provide a utility to disaster/ response operations. The output of this research will show the easy makeup of SCM remedies to control the complexities and difficulties of logistics process during disaster relief operation in results and analysis chapter.Natural disaster hits and damages the lives thousand of human beings and their infrastructure. Natural disaster can not be stopped but we can minimize the volume of devastation and destruction caused by the disaster. Especially, in third world countries the level to respond the disaster is limited and narrow, so these countries have to suffer more then the developed countries, where as in developed countries valuable recourses and effective planning are existed to deal with natural disasters. So this thing insists me to write something just to get know how about all humanitarian and relief activities.I have utilized the SCM Supply chain management practices and techniques in order to conquer barriers faced by logistician of humanitarian response/ relief operation during disaster. I will use methodology of empirical data technique, barriers will be discovered and analyzed then proposed solutions would be picked up from the literature of supply chain management for the barriers to effective humanitarian logistics.There is a mixture of SCM principle from various organizations such as military, private sector and nonprofit organization in order to provide a utility to disaster/ response operations. The output of this research will show the easy makeup of SCM remedies to control the complexities and difficulties of logistics process during disaster relief operation in results and analysis chapter.</p>
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Pihl, Andreas, and Mónica Colleros. "A proposal of Reverse Logistics applied in Humanitarian Relief Actions : Donations Identification and Reallocation – A Humanitarian Logistics View." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18808.
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The application of innovative methods to diminish the amount of human creation called “waste” should be applied not only under commercial terms, but also under the humanitarian concept. Negative results of focusing only on the fastest relief of human suffer without attending the consequences of the flow of items left on the disaster zones, could bring in the medium term, critical environmental consequences, due to the creation of new waste. This research analyzes relevant approaches of the Humanitarian Relief of Aid under a Humanitarian Logistics point of view. It aims to find if those approaches have already a Reverse Logistic phase of the items provided by donors. The results demonstrate the absence of a Reverse Logistics Phase for items brought to disaster zones. Thus, some proposals were suggested for a new Reverse Logistic Phase in any humanitarian relief of aid. NGOs, donors participation, coordination among players on the scene, managing inventories, last mile distribution, performance measurement, relief of aid models, and reverse logistics concepts applied to the humanitarian field would be only some of the themes revised on this research. These aim to enrich the readers’ knowledge on the topic as well as to provide an open panorama of the humanitarian actions employed in each Natural Disaster. The reader would acquire sufficient understanding to determine how feasible and reachable are the alternatives proposed by the authors. The relevance of this theme reveals a critical and not yet researched niche in Reverse Logistics under Humanitarian Logistics. It encourages more readers to research on it, explore and apply in future natural disasters. This research used a qualitative approach employing a semi-structured interview made to small and large humanitarian organizations.
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Bjällfalk, Emelie. "Building Stress- Resilience among Swedish Humanitarian Aid Workers : - The Pre- Deployment Preparation from the Humanitarian Aid Workers’ Perspective." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-24004.
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The aim of the study is to examine how well MSB (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency) prepare the Swedish humanitarian aid workers to face stressful situations, looking at the pre- deployment preparation received. The study investigates how effective and relevant the pre- deployment preparation is in terms of building resilience against stress, according to the humanitarian aid workers’ experience. This study has been conducted with a quantitative online survey, combined with a qualitative open- ended survey. The surveys were based on research models on work-related stress and on resilience- building among humanitarian aid workers. The frameworks point out criteria needed to be fulfilled by an organization in order to build sufficient stress- resilience among humanitarian aid workers in the pre- deployment phase. The results reveal that MSB is able to fulfill most of the criteria set in accordance with the theoretical framework. The one and only criterion MSB fails in providing is an open, in- depth discussion about mental health before the aid worker is deployed. This also corresponds to the aid workers experience of not being provided with this. The aid workers’ experience reveals that resilience against stress is important, however, many seem to build resilience independently from MSB.
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Hostetter, Loic. "Forecast-based Humanitarian Action and Conflict : Promises and pitfalls of planning for anticipatory humanitarian response to armed conflict." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388645.
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Practitioners of Forecast-based Action (FbA) argue that a humanitarian response able to utilize forecasts to accurately predict disaster, secure funding, and take action before the onset of a crisis will benefit donors and beneficiaries alike. In search of effective and efficient early-action regimes, a number of major humanitarian actors are developing FbA projects of various designs, predominantly in response to natural disaster and famine. While numerous organizations and institutions have expressed interest in developing FbA mechanisms, the tool has only been applied in a limited capacity to the humanitarian needs generated by armed conflict. This research seeks to understand whether a scalable FbA approach can be developed to stage principled, anticipatory humanitarian action in response to situations in which rigorous evaluations predict the likelihood of imminent armed conflict. The hypothesis is that the application of FbA to armed conflict is possible, but due to the complex political nature of conflict, implementing organizations should try to focus on creating mechanisms managed by humanitarian actors and, in so far as possible, be insulated from outside influence. This research is the first academic work to specifically investigate the application of FbA to armed conflict. Following an extensive review of current FbA mechanisms and conflict early warning practices, this research concludes that a conflict-centered FbA system akin to the automated FbA systems in use today to respond to natural disaster and famine is possible, but that the endeavor presents many practical and conceptual barriers to implementation. In particular, diffuse models such as the Start Fund offer a hopeful glimpse at a type of horizontal, member-driven FbA mechanism that is both highly context-sensitive and relatively insulated from outside influence. Such a design, however, features notable and inherent limitations in its ability to reliably and accurately predict the outbreak of conflict and respond in a manner that minimizes regretful actions.
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Oginski, Pawel, and Rockie Ssengonzi. "Effective Adaptation to Global and Humanitarian Challenges." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18144.
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Problem If current trends in disasters are anything to go by, we can expect more complex disasters in the future as a population, perhaps already weakened by conflict, climate or disease, is hit by a natural disaster. This then requires a multifaceted and complex intervention of humanitarian actors. Therefore, the adaptations increasingly require identification of themes to mitigate the complex vulnerabilities that come with these challenges like reforms, collaboration and specialization of tasks between humanitarian organizations inter alia. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the underlying factors that lead to global and humanitarian challenges in order to suggest effective adaptations to address them in the preparedness phase. Methodology The paper takes a qualitative approach, adopting a phenomenological research. In depth interviews are used to identify the most outstanding themes and patterns in sync with the humanitarian challenges and adaptations identifies in the AlertNet Poll (2011) and DARA humanitarian response index (2011). The themes are used to narrate solutions to the research questions Findings The results suggest that the adaptations identified in the reports regulate humanitarian and global challenges. The humanitarian challenges effective adaptations to overcome these challenges have been identified but not limited to collaboration of humanitarian logistics actors, emphasis on preparedness and disaster risk reduction and the unification of relief and developmental policies and frameworks to ensure long term planning and assessment of disasters Conclusion The research concludes that disaster risk reduction and preparedness, humanitarian logistics reforms and collaboration in all humanitarian aspects are the most effective adaptation to the global and humanitarian challenges. If current trends in disasters are anything to go by, we can expect more complex disasters in the future as a population, perhaps already weakened by conflict, climate or disease, is hit by a natural disaster. This then requires a multifaceted and complex intervention of humanitarian actors. Therefore, the adaptations increasingly require identification of themes to mitigate the complex vulnerabilities that come with these challenges like reforms, collaboration and specialization of tasks between humanitarian organizations inter alia. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to identify the underlying factors that lead to global and humanitarian challenges in order to suggest effective adaptations to address them in the preparedness phase. Methodology The paper takes a qualitative approach, adopting a phenomenological research. In depth interviews are used to identify the most outstanding themes and patterns in sync with the humanitarian challenges and adaptations identifies in the AlertNet Poll (2011) and DARA humanitarian response index (2011). The themes are used to narrate solutions to the research questions Findings The results suggest that the adaptations identified in the reports regulate humanitarian and global challenges. The humanitarian challenges effective adaptations to overcome these challenges have been identified but not limited to collaboration of humanitarian logistics actors, emphasis on preparedness and disaster risk reduction and the unification of relief and developmental policies and frameworks to ensure long term planning and assessment of disasters Conclusion The research concludes that disaster risk reduction and preparedness, humanitarian logistics reforms and collaboration in all humanitarian aspects are the most effective adaptation to the global and humanitarian challenges.
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Boisen, Camilla. "Emerging idea of humanitarian intervention 1500-1800." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54885/.
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This thesis traces the emergence of the idea of what has become known as humanitarian intervention. The nascent concept of humanitarian intervention was present in the early modern period, and emerged in the writings of thinkers who wrote on the law of nature and the law of nations, such as Francisco Vitoria, Alberico Gentili, Francisco Suarez, Juan Gines de Sepulveda, Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf, Christian Wolff, Emmerich Vattel, and Edmund Burke. My claim is that the distinctive features of the idea of humanitarian intervention have changed considerably over the centuries, reflecting the historical circumstances in which these ideas were developed. Although, on the surface, modern conceptions of humanitarian intervention share certain similarities with their historical namesake, they are in fact conceived and justified very differently. When contemporary thinkers invoke the authority of this illustrious heritage they tend to neglect the different foundations and rationale given for intervention. I argue that if we want to understand what shocked the moral conscience of mankind during the emergence of the idea, we have to understand the general historical context, that is, the conditions of belief that formed our conceptions of the moral obligation to save strangers. Otherwise we fail to understand what constitutes our humanitarian urge. For the earlier writers, debates were framed within a fundamentally western and Christian context, which they purported were universal. Most discussions revolved around questions of intervening to convert heathens to save their souls, saving innocents from being slaughtered and other crimes against the natural law such as cannibalism or sodomy. Modern conceptions of humanitarian intervention rest their case on very different principles, and are firmly grounded in a human rights culture associated with the juridical revolution in international relations. As such, this thesis explores the development of the idea of humanitarian intervention in the early modern period in order to highlight its distinctive character. To make such a claim I also identify some of the main features of the contemporary idea of humanitarian intervention. I suggest that the development of the concept has not been properly understood in the modern-day literature. There is therefore a considerable gap, which I seek to fill.
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Grayman, Jesse Hession. "Humanitarian Encounters in Post-Conflict Aceh, Indonesia." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10729.
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In “Humanitarian Encounters in Post-Conflict Aceh, Indonesia,” I examine the humanitarian involvement in Aceh, Indonesia following two momentous events in Aceh’s history: the earthquake and tsunami on 26 December 2004 and the signing of the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that brought a tentative, peaceful settlement to the Free Aceh Movement’s (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, GAM) separatist insurgency against Indonesia on 15 August 2005. My research focuses on the international humanitarian engagement with Aceh’s peace process but frequently acknowledges the much larger and simultaneous tsunami recovery efforts along Aceh’s coasts that preceded and often overshadowed conflict recovery. Using ethnographic data based on five years working with four different international humanitarian organizations concerned with post-conflict recovery in Aceh, I address two main topics in my dissertation. The first is an insider’s perspective on the anthropology of humanitarianism. From one chapter to the next, I recreate and situate a particular humanitarian world’s relation to local structures of power and suffering that expands upon and complicates some of the prevailing debates in the anthropological literature on humanitarianism. From the unique vantage point within various humanitarian organizations, stories of Aceh’s post-conflict recovery filter through with selective and idiosyncratic ethnographic clarity. The accumulation of these stories reveals, by way of mosaic example, a logic of humanitarian intervention. The second topic I address in my dissertation is the story of Aceh’s peace process within the larger context of Indonesia’s post-New Order transition to democracy. I situate my data within a rapidly growing literature of insightful histories and critiques of Aceh’s conflict and subsequent transformations since the tsunami and the formal end of hostilities between GAM and Indonesian security forces. My focus on the ethnographic details in each chapter is set against some of the broadly taken-for-granted histories that have come to define Aceh’s recent successes and failures in its transition to peace.<br>Anthropology
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Nelson, Eisha Amanda. "Changes and solutions to improve humanitarian aid." Thesis, Webster University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1526651.
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<p> The 1990s saw a rise in the participation of NGOs answering the demands of affected populations caught in between armed conflicts, bouts of natural disasters and diseases. Though their intentions were good, it was from this point onwards NGOs have gained their notoriety, despite the work they do to address the needs of man. With a consistent rise of the number of actively participating NGOs, these humanitarian actors have since gone under scrutiny by the general population, which range from ineffective operations, scandals surrounding aid money, ethics within humanitarianism as well as many aid organizations that still remain independent from each other.</p><p> This paper will seek to answer how to improve the role of humanitarian aid in emergency situations, and address its issues and shortcomings. This will be done by analyzing the different criticisms faced by these humanitarian actors, as well as analyzing the different solutions that have since been proposed in order to answer these criticisms and find a new way for these organizations to operate and define themselves. Finally, these analyses will be evaluated and compared among one another.</p><p> Interviews have been held with aid workers and members of humanitarian organizations, in order to get a more intimate perspective of the inside workings of an NGO. Recent literature, studies and findings have also been utilized in order to get a clearer picture of the current state of humanitarian aid, notably from writers such as Thomas Weiss, Hugo Slim, David Rieff and Linda Polman.</p><p> Humanitarian aid cannot be cured with a simple solution; instead, it is an ongoing, gradual process that requires cooperation from governments and organizations in order to move forward. The non-protit sector can stand to learn a lot from the for-profit sector, especially in terms of professionalism and collaborating amongst one another. This change will not come easily, but humanitarian aid also cannot remain stagnant if they hope to reach out to populations in need with quality aid.</p>
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Palaniappa, Sangitha. "Sanctions Without Humanitarian Implications - An Impossible Feat." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1559.
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This thesis focuses on the humanitarian implications of economic sanctions. States are increasingly using sanctions as a foreign policy tool, but the ramifications for the citizens of the country have yet to be analyzed in depth. Although sanctions are an extremely powerful foreign policy tool, the humanitarian implications are too drastic. There are two main outcomes of sanctions that states seek: the pressure of the sanctions forces the government to change their policy or the humanitarian implications force the citizens to revolt against the government. These outcomes rarely occur as we can see clearly in cases such as Cuba or North Korea. This thesis will use three case studies: Cuba, Iraq, and Iran. The three cases differ in the type of sanctions which in return varies the degree of humanitarian implications. The types of sanctions are unilateral, multilateral, and universal. The four sectors of humanitarian implications are economic growth, health and drugs, food and nutrition, and education. Cuba has sustained unilateral economic sanctions imposed by the United States for years and the sanctions have not made a change in the attitudes of the government. Instead the sanctions have created humanitarian implications in Cuba. Because the government refuses to allow any dissent from citizens, the sanctions will neither change the policy of the government nor pressure citizens to revolt against the government. Therefore the sanctions in Cuba have been quite ineffective and have solely had the effect of hurting the ordinary citizens of Cuba. The second case study is of Iraq. Iraq is the most publicized case of humanitarian implications of universal sanctions. The infamous interview with Madeleine Albright stating that the half a million children that died in Iraq because of the sanctions and war were 'worth it.' Although this statement was later clarified, it shed light on the dramatic implications of the sanctions. The sanctions hurt almost every sector of Iraq and left the state in shambles.
The last case study is on Iran. The US has imposed sanctions on Iran for years, but the UN community got involved after the Iranian nuclear program. These sanctions are for the most part multilateral. The sanctions against Iran have also had significant humanitarian implications, specifically economic growth and the health and drugs sector. It is unknown if the new government of Iran will prompt a change in the sanctions imposed by the international community. All three case studies will present a strong correlation between the economic sanctions imposed and the humanitarian implications. The three states that are used as case studies were showing progress in at least one of the humanitarian sectors prior to the imposition of sanctions. We can see decay in economic growth, health and drugs, and food and nutrition most prevalently.<br>B.A.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Political Science