Journal articles on the topic 'Humanitarian migrants'
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Churruca-Muguruza, Cristina. "Everyday Migrant Accompaniment: Humanitarian Border Diplomacy." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 17, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10088.
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Summary This article advances the notion of humanitarian border diplomacy, contributing to current academic discussions on humanitarian diplomacy and on the practice-theory nexus by conceptualising NGOs’ migrant accompaniment at borders as a form of everyday humanitarian diplomacy. The contention is that humanitarian diplomacy is similar to other diplomatic practices. Starting by rethinking humanitarian diplomacy, it discusses the emergence of humanitarian border diplomacy as a key component of everyday migrant accompaniment. Humanitarian border diplomacy focuses on advancing migrants’ rights, seeking to make helpful, empowering and transformational interventions in an attempt to resist and change the contemporary global governance of migration. The article presents the everyday diplomatic practices of the Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes in Melilla, on Spain’s southern border, as an example of humanitarian border diplomacy. At the border, as an alternative space for resistance, difference and otherness, the need for diplomatic culture as the symbolic mediation of estrangement is revealed.
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Galemba, Rebecca, Katie Dingeman, Kaelyn DeVries, and Yvette Servin. "Paradoxes of Protection: Compassionate Repression at the Mexico–Guatemala Border." Journal on Migration and Human Security 7, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502419862239.
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Executive Summary Anti-immigrant rhetoric and constricting avenues for asylum in the United States, amid continuing high rates of poverty, environmental crisis, and violence in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, have led many migrants from these countries to remain in Mexico. Yet despite opportunities for humanitarian relief in Mexico, since the early 2000s the Mexican government, under growing pressure from the United States, has pursued enforcement-first initiatives to stem northward migration from Central America. In July 2014, Mexico introduced the Southern Border Program (SBP) with support from the United States. The SBP dramatically expanded Mexico’s immigration enforcement efforts, especially in its southern border states, leading to rising deportations. Far from reducing migration or migrant smuggling, these policies have trapped migrants for longer in Mexico, made them increasingly susceptible to crimes by a wide range of state and nonstate actors, and exacerbated risk along the entire migrant trail. In recognition of rising crimes against migrants and heeding calls from civil society to protect migrant rights, Mexico’s 2011 revision to its Migration Law expanded legal avenues for granting humanitarian protection to migrants who are victims of crimes in Mexico, including the provision of a one-year humanitarian visa so that migrants can collaborate with the prosecutor’s office in the investigation of crimes committed against them. The new humanitarian visa laws were a significant achievement and represent a victory by civil society keen on protecting migrants as they travel through Mexico. The wider atmosphere of impunity, however, alongside the Mexican government’s prioritization of detaining and deporting migrants, facilitates abuses, obscures transparent accounting of crimes, and limits access to justice. In practice, the laws are not achieving their intended outcomes. They also fail to recognize how Mexico’s securitized migration policies subject migrants to risk throughout their journeys, including at border checkpoints between Guatemala and Honduras, along critical transit corridors in Guatemala, and on the Guatemalan side of Mexico’s southern border. In this article, we examine a novel set of data from migrant shelters — 16 qualitative interviews with migrants and nine with staff and advocates in the Mexico–Guatemala border region, as well as 118 complaints of abuses committed along migrants’ journeys — informally filed by migrants at a shelter on the Guatemalan side of the border, and an additional eight complaints filed at a shelter on the Mexican side of the border. We document and analyze the nature, location, and perpetrators of these alleged abuses, using a framework of “compassionate repression” (Fassin 2012) to examine the obstacles that migrants encounter in denouncing abuses and seeking protection. We contend that while humanitarian visas can provide necessary protection for abuses committed in Mexico, they are limited by their temporary nature, by being nested within a migration system that prioritizes migrant removal, and because they recognize only crimes that occur in Mexico. The paradox between humanitarian concerns and repressive migration governance in a context of high impunity shapes institutional and practical obstacles to reporting crimes, receiving visas, and accessing justice. In this context, a variety of actors recognize that they can exploit and profit from migrants’ lack of mobility, legal vulnerability, and uncertain access to protection, leading to a commodification of access to humanitarian protection along the route.
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Farah, Reem. "Expat, Local, and Refugee." Migration and Society 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2020.030111.
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In migration studies, humanitarian work and workers are studied as benefactors or managers of migrants and refugees. This article inverts the gaze from “researching down” refugees to “studying up” the humanitarian structure that governs them. The article studies how the humanitarian industry ballooned after the Syrian refugee response in Jordan due to the influx of expatriate humanitarians as economic migrants from the global North to refugee situations in the host country in the global South. It examines the global division of mobility and labor among expatriate, local, and refugee humanitarian workers, investigating the correlation between geographic (horizontal) mobility and social/professional (vertical) mobility, demonstrating that the social and professional mobility of workers depends on their ability to access geographic mobility. Thus, rather than advocating for and facilitating global mobility, the humanitarian industry maintains a colonial division of labor and mobility. This raises the question: who benefits most from humanitarian assistance?
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Olaiya, Taiwo Akanbi. "Humanitarian Action and Intra-Continental Migrant Children’s Education: Evidence from the Governance at the Grassroots in Nigeria." Public Administration Research 9, no. 2 (August 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v9n2p1.
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How does humanitarian action at the grassroots shape support for children of intra-continental migrant? Despite a large volume of research outputs and public policy advocacy on migration, there has been little work on the crucial nexus between local humanitarian efforts and migrant children’s educational needs. Conceptually, we viewed humanitarian action beyond the traditional definition as a tool for emergency response. We included efforts aimed at dignifying migrant children with basic education and enhancement of their integration in the new location. Cross-sectional data obtained from agencies of government at the grassroots were employed to measure the effects of local humanitarian action on the education of migrant children. The finding showed that institutionalised humanitarian efforts provide real-time support for basic education of migrant children. Also, burdensome obligations and lack of financial independence for governance at the grassroots curtailed the magnitude of assistance rendered by local authorities. Using Talcott Parson’s functionalist theory, we suggested three mutually transformative approaches. First, constraints by the upper levels of government– State and Federal tiers– exacerbate financial incapacitation and, ultimately, impede humanitarian effort at the grassroots. Second, provision of critical humanitarian needs, such as migrant children’s education, fosters social integration and crime control among migrants. Finally, intra-continental migration is not debased by acculturation. The findings showcase the need for strengthening the financial capacity of governance at the grassroots to reinforce common interests between migrants and host communities.
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Cojocari, Ion. "Offense of organizing illegal migration: subject of the offense." National Law Journal, no. 2(244) (December 2021): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1811-0770.2021.2(244).14.
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The fight against trafficking of migrants is a common international concern that ensures the protection of the rights not to be subjected to slavery and conditions similar to slavery. This article deals with the subject of the crime of organizing illegal migration. Particular attention is paid to the status of the migrant, who under certain conditions can be considered the subject of the crime under consideration. In the Republic of Moldova, the trafficking of migrants is protected by the crime of “organizing illegal migration”. Paragraph 4 of Article 3621 of the Criminal Code, exonerates the migrant from criminal liability for the act prejudicial to the organization of illegal migration. However, the issue arises when the migrant is the object of the crime within the meaning of the Protocol against Trafficking of Migrants. The article analyzes the special quality of the subject of the crime and of the beneficiaries of international humanitarian protection. In the author’s opinion, there are many questions that need to be elucidated, such as: who is the subject of the crime? How old is he/she? What is the special subject of the crime, and what are the conditions when the migrant can be prosecuted? In the author’s view, in order to avoid violations of migrants’ rights, the Moldovan legislature must strengthen its position on the protection of migrants’ rights so that the national criminal law (which responsibly ensures the protection of migrants’ rights) complies with the Additional Protocol on Trafficking of Migrants, having as material object the migrant’s body (material object).
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Airila, Auli, Ari Väänänen, Minna Toivanen, Aki Koskinen, Natalia Skogberg, and Anu Castaneda. "Are Self-rated Health, Native Finnish Friends and Having Children under School Age Associated with Employment?" Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 55 (January 11, 2021): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.95472.
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In Western countries, entry into the labour market is difficult for humanitarian migrants, especially women. The aim of our study was to examine the association of health, native Finnish friends and having under school-age children with employment among humanitarian migrants.The data were drawn from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study. The sample comprised 479 migrants of Kurdish and Somali origin (men n=248; women n=231). We analysed the associations of self-rated health, having Finnish friends and under school age children with employment using multinomial regression modelling.After adjustment for several well-established determinants of employment, having Finnish friends and good health were robustly associated with employment among women. In the age-adjusted model, having 3–6 years old children was related to lower employment among women, but after all adjustments, the association became nonsignificant. All these associations were nonsignificant among male migrants.To conclude, good health and bridging social relations with natives play a role in strengtheningemployment opportunities among female humanitarian migrants.
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Nurelhuda, Nazik M., Mark T. Keboa, Herenia P. Lawrence, Belinda Nicolau, and Mary Ellen Macdonald. "Advancing Our Understanding of Dental Care Pathways of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Canada: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 8874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168874.
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The burden of oral diseases and need for dental care are high among refugees and asylum seekers (humanitarian migrants). Canada’s Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) provides humanitarian migrants with limited dental services; however, this program has seen several fluctuations over the past decade. An earlier study on the experiences of humanitarian migrants in Quebec, Canada, developed the dental care pathways of humanitarian migrants model, which describes the care-seeking processes that humanitarian migrants follow; further, this study documented shortfalls in IFHP coverage. The current qualitative study tests the pathway model in another Canadian province. We purposefully recruited 27 humanitarian migrants from 13 countries in four global regions, between April and December 2019, in two Ontario cities (Toronto and Ottawa). Four focus group discussions were facilitated in English, Arabic, Spanish, and Dari. Analysis revealed barriers to care similar to the Quebec study: Waiting time, financial, and language barriers. Further, participants were unsatisfied with the IFHP’s benefits package. Our data produced two new pathways for the model: transnational dental care and self-medication. In conclusion, the dental care needs of humanitarian migrants are not currently being met in Canada, forcing participants to resort to alternative pathways outside the conventional dental care system.
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Flanagan, Danielle. "Caught in the Crossfire: Challenges to Migrant Protection in the Yemeni and Libyan Conflicts." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502420978151.
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In spite of the prevailing security dynamics in Yemen and Libya, both states continue to serve as areas of transit along some of the world’s largest mixed migration routes, leaving migrants caught in the crossfire of the two conflicts. This article examines the legal framework governing the protection of migrants in armed conflict under international humanitarian and human rights law. It also identifies two adverse incentives produced by the conflict situations that impede the exercise of these legal protections: (1) profits derived from migrant smuggling and trafficking, and (2) the use of migrants to support armed groups. In the absence of stable conditions in Yemen and Libya, individuals have little reason to respect international legal protections and discontinue migrant abuse connected with the lucrative businesses of smuggling and trafficking. The intractable nature of the two conflicts has also led to the strategic use of migrants as armed support, and more specifically as combatants, weapons transports, and human shields. Given these realities, the article outlines several recommendations to address the issue of migrant abuse in conflict. It recommends that states, particularly those neighboring Yemen and Libya, strengthen regular migration pathways to help reduce the number of migrants transiting through active conflict zones. It further advises that the international community increase the cost of noncompliance to international humanitarian law through the use of accountability mechanisms and through strategic measures, including grants of reciprocal respect to armed groups that observe protections accorded to migrants in conflict situations.
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Solano, Priscilla, and Douglas S. Massey. "Migrating through the Corridor of Death: The Making of a Complex Humanitarian Crisis." Journal on Migration and Human Security 10, no. 3 (September 2022): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024221119784.
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Drawing on the concept of a “complex humanitarian crisis,” this paper describes how outflows of migrants from Central America were transformed into such a crisis by intransigent immigration and border policies enacted in both Mexico and the United States. We describe the origins of the migration in U.S. Cold War interventions that created many thousands of displaced people fleeing violence and economic degradation in the region, leading to a sustained process of undocumented migration to the United States. Owing to rising levels of gang violence and weather events associated with climate change, the number of people seeking to escape threats in Central America has multiplied and unauthorized migration through Mexico toward the United States has increased. However, the securitization of migration in both Mexico and the United States has blocked these migrants from exercising their right to petition for asylum, creating a growing backlog of migrants who are subject to human rights violations and predations both by criminals and government authorities, leading migrants to label Mexican routes northward as a “corridor of death.” We draw on data from annual reports of Mexico's Red de Documentación de las Organizaciones Defensoras de Migrantes (Network for the Documentation of Migrant Defense Organizations) to construct a statistical profile of transit migrants and the threats they face as reported by humanitarian actors in Mexico. These reports allow us to better understand the practical realities of the “complex humanitarian crisis” facing undocumented migrants, both as unauthorized border crossers and as transit migrants moving between the southern frontiers of Mexico and the United States. Policy Recommendations Policy makers need to address: Governments must recognize that the humanitarian crisis facing migrants is not confined to border regions but unfolds at places of both origin and destination as well as within extended geographies of transit in-between. The current refugee protection regime and asylum system are ill-matched to the needs and vulnerabilities of today's migrants. In an era of rapid climate change, rising state failures, and escalating violence, people are not moving so much to advance economically as to escape a growing array of threats not covered by the 1951 Refugee Convention, which needs to be updated. Developed nations must honor rather than elide their obligations under international law to accept asylum applicants and fairly adjudicate their cases, Since a large fraction of the Central Americans arriving at the southern US border have relatives in the United States, creating a pathway to legal status for unauthorized US residents would relieve a lot of the pressure on the asylum system by enabling authorities to release applicants to the support and care of legally resident relatives rather than placing them in an overburdened detention system. Governments need to scale back the securitization and criminalization of migration, which have made human mobility an increasingly precarious and risk-filled activity that contributes to rather than forestalls the proliferation of crime and violence. Human rights and humanitarian agencies need to revisit their missions to derive new ways of working conjointly and in parallel with each other and with governments to better understand and meet the needs of migrants in the 21st century.
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Petrovic, Jelisaveta, and Jelena Pesic. "Between integration, security and humanitarianism: Serbian citizens’ attitudes towards migrants." Stanovnistvo 55, no. 2 (2017): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1702025p.
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Almost a million people from Middle East and North Africa have passed through the territory of Serbia on their way to Western Europe during 2015 and 2016. Although Serbia has predominantly been a transit country for migrants, this recent passage of a large number of people, as well as a longer retention of some migrants, opened up a number of questions on capacities for emergent acceptance but also on long term integration of this population. The paper examines the characteristics of citizens? attitudes towards the migrant population with the intention of determining which perspective - security, humanitarian or integrative - is being distinguished as a dominant one? Under the security perspective, it is understood that migrants pose a potential risk for the security of domestic population. The humanitarian perspective refers to a belief that migrants need to be provided with necessary assistance on their way to destination countries. The third, integrative perspective represents the ?most open? attitude towards migrants and implies that it is necessary to provide the opportunity for more permanent integration of the migrant population. In addition to that, the paper examines the existence of statistically significant variations in the degree of acceptance of the attitudes measuring mentioned perspectives in terms of socio-demographic and socio-cultural factors. The analysis is based on the data collected through the survey conducted in the spring of 2016 on a representative sample of Serbian citizens (without Kosovo) that numbered 998 respondents. Findings show that the humanitarian perspective is the most prevalent in the population, which is in line with the transitional character of migration. Ethnic distance is the most influential factor in shaping attitudes towards migrants. This finding indicates that attitudes toward migrants are more the result of the socio-psychological factors than the micro-structural factors or the demographic and cultural characteristics. Furthermore, this finding points to the deeper historical roots of factors shaping the examined perspectives, but also indicates the directions of potential positive action through the breaking of negative stereotypes and formulation of adequate strategies for the promotion of multicultural societies.
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Cain, Patricia, and Alison Reid. "Working Hard and Pushing Through: A Thematic Analysis of Humanitarian Migrants’ Experiences in the Australian Workforce." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (November 1, 2021): 11502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111502.
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Employment can play an important role for humanitarian migrants in their successful integration into a new country. For humanitarian migrants to Australia, there are no skill or language restrictions imposed on resettlement. Despite the benefits, humanitarian migrants often find themselves in low-status jobs and precarious working conditions. The present study examines perceptions of job quality and exposure to workforce psychosocial risk factors such as job strain, bullying, and discrimination. We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 30 humanitarian migrants from South Sudan, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Thematic analysis of transcripts identified three overarching themes: Uncertainty and Insecurity, Working Hard and Pushing Through, and Positive Attitudes and Actions. Overall, our findings show that despite high levels of education and long-term residency in Australia, many of the participants struggled to find a safe and secure place in the workforce. While some spoke about their work in positive terms, their comments should not be taken as confirmation of a positive work environment. Humanitarian migrants face an uphill battle against oppressive working conditions and underemployment.
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Hargreaves, Sally. "Europe's migrants face unacceptable humanitarian situation." Lancet Infectious Diseases 16, no. 1 (January 2016): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(15)00495-8.
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Khoo, Siew-Ean. "Health and Humanitarian Migrants’ Economic Participation." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 12, no. 3 (November 29, 2007): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-007-9098-y.
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Abood, Julianne, Julie Green, Michael J. Polonsky, Kerry Woodward, Zulfan Tadjoeddin, and Andre M. N. Renzaho. "The importance of information acquisition to settlement services literacy for humanitarian migrants in Australia." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): e0280041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280041.
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Background Due to the diversity and range of services provided to humanitarian migrants during the settlement phase of migration, acquiring information across multiple service domains is intrinsic to the effective utilisation of settlement services. There are research gaps investigating how humanitarian migrants experience and navigate unfamiliar, multiple, and often complex information and service systems of host countries. This study seeks to understand the impediments to humanitarian migrants’ effective utilisation of information about settlement services and to identify strategies that can be implemented to overcome these barriers. Methods Service providers were purposively recruited from organisations funded by the Australian Government to deliver settlement programs. The study applied an inductive thematic analysis approach to identify key themes that emerged from the data. Results From the perspective of service providers, the themed findings identified how humanitarian migrants gain knowledge about services, their information needs, information seeking practices and skills, and information specific to service domains. The findings illustrate the importance of acquiring information, knowledge, and skills across multiple information platforms and service domains as being integral to the effective utilisation of settlement services for humanitarian migrants. The study identifies systemic barriers to information and service access and suggests different strategies and approaches to improve access to context specific key information. The study identifies factors that inhibit the effectiveness of the Australian settlement service provision model and emphasises the need for targeted training of mainstream referral services. The study highlights the important role that settlement service providers play as mediators of information, adept at tailoring information to humanitarian migrants’ individual and community information needs. Conclusion The findings provide important insights that highlight the different roles that policymakers, researchers, and service providers can play to inform new approaches that improve the effectiveness of information and settlement service provision, as part of contributing to optimum settlement outcomes for humanitarian migrants.
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Grant, Stefanie. "Recording and Identifying European Frontier Deaths." European Journal of Migration and Law 13, no. 2 (2011): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181611x571259.
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AbstractMigrant deaths at EU maritime borders have more often been seen in the context of national border control, than in terms of migrant protection and human rights. The 2009 Stockholm Programme accepted the need for action to avoid tragedies at sea, and to ‘record’ and ‘identify’ migrants trying to reach the EU. But it did not specify how this should be done. There are parallels between these migrant deaths, and deaths which occur in conflict and humanitarian disaster. The principles of human rights and humanitarian law which apply in these situations should be developed to create legal and policy frameworks for use in the case of migrants who are missing or who die on EU sea frontiers. The purpose would be to enable evidence of identity to be preserved, to protect the rights of families to know the fate of their relatives, and to create common national and international procedures.
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Chekovik, Timurlenk, and Jugoslav Achkoski. "Border Control and Using Analysis Tools due to the Humanitarian Aspect of the Immigrant Crisis." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 85 (January 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.85.1.
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The control of migrants in Europe has become increasingly challenging, marked by a number of illegal border-crossing. It revealed a crisis without equivalent since World War II. The European borders are now one of the most affected by migrants from Asia and Africa. Border police is the most responsible for the first interview with the asylum seeker. In terms of basic contribution to the asylum procedure, good cooperation between the border police and the services of asylum is of primary importance. There is a need of risk assessment. While the risk assessment is made there can be a violation of the humanitarian aspect of conducting regular border check. By determining the race and color of migrants, screening made on the border crossing can put legality of the border police actions in question. The Humanitarian efforts with border management, cooperation between the government services and use of appropriate methodology are an important segment handling migrant crisis. One of the known methodologies is Analysis of Competitive Hypotheses used to better assess the choice of a suitable place for migrants and their acceptance or readmission. Тhe procedure for vulnerable categories of citizens can jeopardize the legality and the manner of dealing with illegal migrants and this arises from the legal and physical protection of persons seeking asylum. The `politics of pity' changes into psychological cases to be governed by risk technologies within a `politics of risk', the humanitarian and security interventions are shown to be in no way mutually exclusive.
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Gieseken, Helen Obregón. "The protection of migrants under international humanitarian law." International Review of the Red Cross 99, no. 904 (April 2017): 121–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383118000103.
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AbstractThe movement of migrants across international borders may result in grave humanitarian consequences and protection and assistance needs for those involved. Although many reach their destinations safely, others may find themselves in a country experiencing armed conflict – either because they live there or are travelling through there – and may endure great difficulties and be particularly vulnerable. In these situations, as civilians, migrants are protected under international humanitarian law (IHL) against the effects of hostilities and when in the hands of a party to the conflict. This article will provide an overview of the protection afforded by IHL to migrants as civilians in international and non-international armed conflicts. It will then examine more closely certain particularly relevant rules for the issue of migration, notably those related to the movement of migrants, family unity, and missing and dead migrants. In this way, this article will show that IHL provides important legal protections for migrants finding themselves in situations of armed conflict.
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Badali, Joel John. "Migrants in the Attic: The Case of Migrants with Disabilities and Resettlement Services in Serbia." Laws 10, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10010010.
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The global migrant crisis triggered an unprecedented number of asylum seekers in the Balkan region. In this case study, the state of migrants with disabilities—a community notoriously overlooked during global conflict—is explored through field interviews of settlement service providers in Serbia. A human rights framework is espoused in first examining contemporary refugee law discourse and the corresponding gaps in current resettlement practice of migrants with disabilities. The study’s findings illuminate the need for a drastic shift in settlement services for those migrants most vulnerable to persecution in de facto destination countries. The discussion takes aim at “humanitarian silo” funding models and argues for international cooperation and transparency in accommodating migrants with disabilities internationally.
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Aguilar, Gabriel Lorenzo. "World-Traveling to Redesign a Map for Migrant Women: Humanitarian Technical Communication in Praxis." Technical Communication 69, no. 3 (August 2, 2022): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55177/tc485629.
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Purpose: Humanitarian audiences are inaccessible to our traditional methods of research. Audiences like migrants often rely on technical communication to find humanitarian aid; however, there are few methodologies that can help us improve materials for them. This project explores world-traveling to demonstrate how the methods of other fields can help us take a proactive approach in critiquing and improving the technical communication from humanitarian operations. Methods:World-traveling is the practice of seeing through another's eyes to anticipate what they may need (Lugones, 2003). It calls us to travel from our privileged "worlds," spaces we inhabit as scholars, into the worlds of vulnerable populations. The practice helps researchers understand the worlds of marginalized populations and help them. I world-travel to migrant women in an archive to improve a map that migrants use to find water in the Arizona desert.Results: World-traveling allowed me to anticipate problems. I found that migrant women are at a much higher risk of death by exposure than men and that the current maps of water hide this risk. I redesigned the map with the intent to lessen the risk of death by exposure for migrant women. The redesign made it clear that women are at risk of a certain harm while also taking steps to humanize the women displayed on the map. Conclusion: World-traveling allowed me to show migrant women the increased risk of death by exposure through a redesigned map. The result is more useful and humane technical communication.
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Tazzioli, Martina. "THE DESULTORY POLITICS OF MOBILITY AND THE HUMANITARIAN-MILITARY BORDER IN THE MEDITERRANEAN. MARE NOSTRUM BEYOND THE SEA." REMHU : Revista Interdisciplinar da Mobilidade Humana 23, no. 44 (June 2015): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-85852503880004405.
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Abstract This article investigates the reshaping of the military-humanitarian border in the Mediterranean, focusing on the Italian military-humanitarian mission Mare Nostrum, that started for rescuing migrants at sea after the deaths of hundreds of migrants in October 2013 near the coasts of the island of Lampedusa. The main argument is that in order to understand the working of the military-humanitarian border at sea and its impacts, we must go beyond the space of the sea, and analysing it in the light of the broader functioning of migration governmentality. The notion of desultory politics of mobility is deployed here for describing the specific temporality of the humanitarian border working and its politics of visibility. In particular, an analytical gaze on the military-humanitarian operations at sea to rescue-and-control of migrants’ movements shows that what is at stake is the production of some practices of mobility as exceptional. Then, this article takes on Mare Nostrum operation for exploring the ways in which the military and the humanitarian are rearticulated and how they currently work together.
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Brücker, Herbert. "A Utilitarian Approach for the Governance of Humanitarian Migration." Analyse & Kritik 40, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 293–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2018-0016.
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Abstract Humanitarian migration creates, on the one hand, huge benefits for those who are protected from war, persecution and other forms of violence, but, on the other hand, involves also net monetary and social costs for the population in host countries providing protection at the same time. This is the core of the ethical and political problem associated with the governance of humanitarian migration. Against this background, this paper discusses whether the provision of protection can be founded on rational ethical principles. By drawing on a utilitarian approach a simple criterion is derived: Humanitarian migration is welfare improving, as long as the benefits of the marginal humanitarian migrant exceed the marginal costs of providing shelter per refugee. Based on this principle, practical solutions for the admission of humanitarian migrants and the international and European coordination of asylum policies are discussed.
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Šabanija, Senadin. "Migrants and Refugees." Kriminalističke teme, no. 3 (April 1, 2022): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51235/cji.2021.21.3.27.
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A negative impact on public safety and security caused by the massive presence of different categories of migrants and refugees in Bosnia and Herzegovina is considered a source of instability for the last several years. Current migration management approaches in Bosnia and Herzegovina seem to be ineffective and causing direct impacts on security in local communities. Frequent violations of basic human rights and freedoms of migrants often causing adverse responses against public safety in local communities. Securitization of migrations in Bosnia and Herzegovina becomes a legitimate approach by different organizational levels and further leading to the humanitarian crisis of unprecedented scale. It is necessary to change the current approach in Bosnia and Herzegovina to improve the migration management process in local communities ensuring minimal impacts on public safety and security. The unified, organized, and effective approach in establishing migrant transit centers based on humanitarian principles might bring many benefits to local communities. Overall positive effects of such solution might abolish any financial constraint argued by local authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Comparative analysis of different migrations strategies implemented in Turkey and Greece suggests that the migration crisis approach should be highly coordinated and, to a certain level, centralized to prevent negative implications on public security.
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Siriwardhana, Chesmal. "Moderators of mental health of humanitarian migrants." Lancet Psychiatry 4, no. 3 (March 2017): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2215-0366(17)30035-4.
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Wickramaarachchi, Naduni, and Edgar Burns. "Sudanese Humanitarian Migrants in Australian Refereed Journals." Australasian Review of African Studies 37, no. 2 (December 2016): 80–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.22160/22035184/aras-2016-37-2/80-106.
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Theurich, Melissa Ann, and Veit Grote. "Are Commercial Complementary Food Distributions to Refugees and Migrants in Europe Conforming to International Policies and Guidelines on Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies?" Journal of Human Lactation 33, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334417707717.
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In 2015, more than one million migrants and refugees arrived in Europe. Commercial complementary foods, processed foods marketed for infants and young children 6-23 months of age, were distributed by various humanitarian actors along migrant routes and in European refugee camps. Unsolicited donations and distributions of commercial complementary food products were problematic and divergent from international policies on infant and young child feeding during humanitarian emergencies. Interim guidance regarding commercial complementary foods was published during the peak of the emergency but implemented differently by various humanitarian actors. Clearer and more technical specifications on commercial complementary foods are needed in order to objectively determine their suitability for operational contexts in Europe and emergency nutrition assistance in the future.
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Carruth, Lauren, Carlos Martinez, Lahra Smith, Katharine Donato, Carlos Piñones-Rivera, and James Quesada. "Structural vulnerability: migration and health in social context." BMJ Global Health 6, Suppl 1 (April 2021): e005109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005109.
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Based on the authors’ work in Latin America and Africa, this article describes and applies the concept ‘structural vulnerability’ to the challenges of clinical care and healthcare advocacy for migrants. This concept helps consider how specific social, economic and political hierarchies and policies produce and pattern poor health in two case studies: one at the USA–Mexico border and another in Djibouti. Migrants’ and providers’ various entanglements within inequitable and sometimes violent global migration systems can produce shared structural vulnerabilities that then differentially affect health and other outcomes. In response, we argue providers require specialised training and support; professional associations, healthcare institutions, universities and humanitarian organisations should work to end the criminalisation of medical and humanitarian assistance to migrants; migrants should help lead efforts to reform medical and humanitarian interventions; and alternative care models in Global South to address the structural vulnerabilities inherent to migration and asylum should be supported.
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Alrababa’h, Ala’, Andrea Dillon, Scott Williamson, Jens Hainmueller, Dominik Hangartner, and Jeremy Weinstein. "Attitudes Toward Migrants in a Highly Impacted Economy: Evidence From the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Jordan." Comparative Political Studies 54, no. 1 (May 21, 2020): 33–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414020919910.
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With international migration at a record high, a burgeoning literature has explored the drivers of public attitudes toward migrants. However, most studies to date have focused on developed countries, which have relatively fewer migrants and more capacity to absorb them. We address this sample bias by conducting a survey of public attitudes toward Syrians in Jordan, a developing country with one of the largest shares of refugees. Our analysis indicates that neither personal- nor community-level exposure to the economic impact of the refugee crisis is associated with antimigrant sentiments among natives. Furthermore, an embedded conjoint experiment validated with qualitative evidence demonstrates the relative importance of humanitarian and cultural concerns over economic ones. Taken together, our findings weaken the case for egocentric and sociotropic economic concerns as critical drivers of antimigrant attitudes and demonstrate how humanitarian motives can sustain support for refugees when host and migrant cultures are similar.
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Valenta, Marko, and Jo Jakobsen. "Conceptualising Syrian War Migrations: Displacements, Migrants’ Rights and the Major Reception Regimes." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 28, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02704006.
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This article focuses on the migration of people from Syria after the outbreak of the civil war. The ambition of the article is to develop and nuance the typology of migrations of Syrians and relate the categories of international migrants to their rights, as provided by various reception regimes. The proposed typologies may help us better to understand the complexity of the migrations and the inconsistencies in reception and humanitarian standards. We argue that migration trends, reception regimes and the positioning of the Syrian refugees and migrants are highly interconnected and dynamic factors, resulting in different regular and irregular flows and migrant statuses. Furthermore, it is maintained that the management of the Syrian humanitarian and refugee crisis has revealed – and probably more so than any other, comparable event – the variety of inconsistencies in migration and protection policies and the widespread lack of will for more equitable burden-sharing.
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Crane, Austin. "The politics of development and humanitarianism in EU externalization: Managing migration in Ukraine." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 1 (July 8, 2019): 20–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419856908.
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This paper draws from research in Ukraine to analyze how development and humanitarianism are integral to spatial projects of migration management. As a country of origin, transit and destination for migrants that now borders four EU member countries, Ukraine’s integration with the EU has been made conditional upon its willingness to cooperate in managing migration. The EU has externalized significant aspects of migration and border management to Ukraine, making investments in the country’s capacity to selectively control—even detain—cross-border migration in line with EU security priorities. Discourses and practices of development are central to the installation, justification and management of EU externalization in transit areas of migration. In concert, the spatial practices of humanitarian institutions maintain migrants’ survival while also managing their exclusion from EU common space. This paper discusses the spatial politics of development and humanitarianism in EU externalization by addressing: (1) the humanitarian management of migrant detention in Ukraine; (2) the uses of development through the EU’s Neighbourhood Policy to outsource migration management to Ukraine; and (3) the roles of development and humanitarian discourses, programs and institutions in implementing the externalization of migration management to Ukraine.
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Bhabha, Jacqueline. "Toleration deficits: The perilous state of refugee protection today." Philosophy & Social Criticism 45, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 503–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453719831336.
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The escalation of contemporary distress migration has coincided with an intensification of intolerance, xenophobia and nativism precipitating enormous human suffering among the migrant and refugee community. This chapter examines some instances of the growing exclusionary trend in current refugee and migration policy and explores alternative strategic opportunities to enforce the human rights and humanitarian entitlements for distress migrants established by international norms.
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Le Bihan, Stéphanie. "Addressing the protection and assistance needs of migrants: The ICRC approach to migration." International Review of the Red Cross 99, no. 904 (April 2017): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383118000036.
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AbstractThe vulnerability of migrants and the threats to which they are exposed during their journey, on land, at sea, or in countries where they have settled, raise serious humanitarian concerns that cannot be ignored. In view of the transregional nature of migration, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other components of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement) draw on their presence all along migration routes to contribute to the humanitarian response and alleviate the suffering of vulnerable migrants. The Movement's proximity to vulnerable migrants through its solid and experienced network of responders along migratory routes is one of its specific advantages. The aim of this article is to explain the ICRC's view on and approach to migration. It underlines that the ICRC's response is dictated by humanitarian needs, and stresses that these needs can be greatly reduced when States abide by their commitments under international law and adopt and implement policies that take into account the protection and assistance needs of migrants. It acknowledges the diverse and complex human realities behind migration and outlines the main protection and assistance concerns of migrants in countries and regions where the ICRC operates.
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Rutherford, Blair. "Nervous Conditions on the Limpopo: Gendered Insecurities, Livelihoods, and Zimbabwean Migrants in Northern South Africa." Studies in Social Justice 2020, no. 14 (March 27, 2020): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v2020i14.1869.
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This paper examines some of the gendered insecurities informing some of the livelihood practices of Zimbabwean migrants in northern South Africa from 2004-2011, the period in which I carried out almost annual ethnographic research in this region. Situating these practices within wider policy shifts and changing migration patterns at the national and local scales, this paper shows the importance of attending to gendered dependencies and insecurities when analysing migrant livelihoods in southern Africa. These include those found within humanitarian organizations targeting Zimbabwean migrants in their programs and policies in the border area. These gendered insecurities, which are woven into the fabric of travel, work and accommodation for these migrant Zimbabwean women in northern South Africa, should be examined in struggles for social justice. By drawing on the lens of social critique to engender a wider sense of the social justice needs for Zimbabwean women migrants in South Africa, this essay aims to broaden the focus of activism on women migrants to also attend to gendered insecurities in their everyday economic and shelter-seeking activities.
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Chechi, Alessandro. "Migrants’ Cultural Rights at the Confluence of International Human Rights Law and International Cultural Heritage Law." International Human Rights Law Review 5, no. 1 (July 15, 2016): 26–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00501001.
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Contemporary migration flows and the related humanitarian emergency have received overwhelming media coverage and political attention. It appears, however, that the sorrow provoked by the heart-breaking stories of migrants has been all too often quickly replaced by the rhetoric that describes this influx as the principal cause for the problems that Western States face today – unemployment, crime, drugs and violent extremism – and as a threat for national culture and identity. This article looks at the cultural rights of migrants and at the international instruments that regulate one or more aspects of the phenomenon of migration and the protection of cultural heritage. Its objective is to challenge existing prejudices against migrant communities and to answer the question whether migration and migrants are a burden or a blessing for the culture of receiving States.
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Tazzioli, Martina, and Maurice Stierl. "“We Closed the Ports to Protect Refugees.” Hygienic Borders and Deterrence Humanitarianism during Covid-19." International Political Sociology 15, no. 4 (October 8, 2021): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ips/olab023.
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Abstract This article investigates how the security-humanitarian rationale that underpins migration governmentality has been restructured by and inflected in light of hygienic-sanitary borders which enforce racialised confinement in the name of both migrants' and citizens' safety from infection by Covid-19. Focusing on the politics of migration containment along EUrope's frontiers, examining in particular border reinforcements carried out by Italy, Malta and Greece, we interrogate how the pandemic has been exploited to enact deterrence through hygienic-sanitary border enforcements. These enforcements are underpinned by an ambivalent security-humanitarian narrative that crafts migrants as subjects who cannot be protected by EU member states from the pandemic if allowed inside, and, at once, as potential vehicles of contagion - ‘Corona spreaders’ - and thus as dangers on a bacterial-hygienic level. Our article demonstrates that these EUropean border measures are more than temporary responses to an unprecedented health crisis. Rather, the pandemic has been seized as an opportunity to strengthen existing deterrence measures and hamper migrants' access to asylum through biopolitical and spatial tactics that aim to restructure the border regime. While emphasising the historical trajectories and continuities underwriting these current developments, we contend that the pandemic functions as an accelerator of dynamics of migrant incarceration and containment.
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Verkuyten, Maykel, Hadi Ghazi Altabatabaei, and Wybren Nooitgedagt. "Supporting the Accommodation of Voluntary and Involuntary Migrants." Social Psychological and Personality Science 9, no. 3 (March 23, 2018): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617737600.
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Immigration leads to strong public and political debates in Europe and the Western world more generally. In some of these debates, migrants are described as either having little choice but to migrate (involuntary migrants) or migrating out of their own free choice (voluntary migrants). In two experimental studies among national samples of native Dutch respondents, we examined whether support for the accommodation of newcomers differs for voluntary and involuntary migrants and whether this depends on the relative importance of humanitarian considerations and host society considerations. The findings demonstrate that for people who find the topic of immigration personally important, involuntary, compared to voluntary, migration leads to stronger societal considerations which, in turn, is associated with weaker support for the accommodation of migrants. Additionally, humanitarian considerations are associated with stronger support but especially for participants who do not find the topic of immigration very important.
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Allerton, Catherine. "Invisible children? Non-recognition, humanitarian blindness and other forms of ignorance in Sabah, Malaysia." Critique of Anthropology 40, no. 4 (October 12, 2020): 455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x20959435.
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In the Malaysian state of Sabah, public antipathy towards the presence of large numbers of migrant workers influences a widespread ignorance of the educational and other exclusions of their children. Children of migrants are rendered invisible in Sabahan cultural discourse because they are not recognized as proper subjects, or even as ‘normal’ children. Cultural denial of such children’s circumstances can be seen in local newspaper reports that consider such children with reference to fears of ‘illegals’ and their threat to future Sabahan citizens. This discourse draws on a particular understanding of child deservingness, and utilizes what Cohen describes as ‘neutralization techniques’. However, such apparently wilful blindness can best be understood by considering it on a spectrum of different forms of ignorance and denial. This includes the blatant lack of recognition afforded by powerful individuals who should be more aware of the children of their workers, the humanitarian blindness of volunteer teachers who over-emphasize the saving power of education, and the complex and situational ignorance of children of migrants themselves. Appreciating other, potentially more benign or protective, forms of denial is crucial to understanding how ignorance of the complexity of the situation of children of migrants continues, even among those hoping to resolve it.
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Alexander, Shannon. "Humanitarian Bottom League? Sweden and the Right to Health for Undocumented Migrants." European Journal of Migration and Law 12, no. 2 (2010): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181610x496885.
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AbstractICESCR article 12 generously grants “everyone” the right to the highest attainable standard of mental and physical health. Ironically, “everyone” is reduced to “most” when held up to scrutiny, but certainly includes migrants. Migrants are entitled to the full realization of the right to health regardless of their legal or immigration status. This realization is threatened as States restrict health care, via legal and financial means, in order to punish undocumented migrants and deter migration. One such State is Sweden where the recent “Law Concerning Health Care for Asylum Seekers and Others” caused one progressive Parliamentarian to lament that its restrictive policies regarding health care and undocumented migrants would put Sweden in the “humanitarian bottom league”. Indeed, Swedish legislation, practice and policy are generally inconsistent with its international human rights obligations towards undocumented migrants, asylum seekers and refugees and their right to health. Undocumented migrants are entitled to unsubsidized health care only in immediate and emergency situations. Care is difficult to access and prohibitively expensive in many cases. Asylum seekers and failed asylum seekers who are not in hiding are only entitled to subsidized maternity care, care that cannot wait or emergency care. Moreover, a lack of cultural competence amongst caretakers may have a detrimental impact on the quality of care given to these migrants. Consequently, Swedish practice and policy are often at odds with its international human rights law obligations. This threatens to relegate a State that has always been considered a member of the “humanitarian major league” to a one that wallows in the “humanitarian bottom league”.
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Paynter, Eleanor. "The Liminal Lives of Europe’s Transit Migrants." Contexts 17, no. 2 (May 2018): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536504218776959.
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Sahraoui, Nina. "Gendering the care/control nexus of the humanitarian border: Women’s bodies and gendered control of mobility in a EUropean borderland." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 5 (June 12, 2020): 905–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775820925487.
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Building upon and contributing to a feminist geography of borders, the chosen methodological approach examines women’s bodily experiences at a Southern EUropean border, the Spanish enclave of Melilla. Drawing on three months of ethnographic fieldwork, this article scrutinises the care interactions unfolding in a Centre for Immigrants between medical humanitarians and women residing there in their position as both migrants and patients. The analysis foregrounds the gendered forms of domination that the care function of the humanitarian border entails. I argue that medical humanitarians are vested with the power to decide over women’s mobility in the name of care on the basis of an entanglement of administrative and medical procedures in this border context. While women are subject to greater humanitarian intervention due to the association of their embodied states with vulnerability, the biopolitical migration management of the border grants medical humanitarians a decision-making authority. The article uncovers how medical humanitarianism, enmeshed in the border regime, yields gendered constraints from practices of immobilisation to imposed practices of mothering. It traces the rationale for these practices to racialised and gendered processes of othering that usher in perceptions of undeservingness and sustain a humanitarian claim for biopolitical responsibility over these women’s mobility.
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Topak, Özgün E. "Humanitarian and Human Rights Surveillance: The Challenge to Border Surveillance and Invisibility?" Surveillance & Society 17, no. 3/4 (September 7, 2019): 382–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i3/4.10779.
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The European border regime has traditionally rested on the hidden surveillance activities of border authorities, which have contributed to human rights violations (including “push-back” and “left-to-die” practices) and a rising migrant death toll. Recently a number of humanitarian and activist organizations, including Migrant Offshore Aid Station (MOAS), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Sea-Watch, and WatchTheMed, have organized to aid migrants in distress at sea using surveillance technologies, ranging from drones to GPS. By doing so, they presented a challenge to the European border surveillance regime. In dialogue with the concept of countersurveillance, this paper introduces the concepts of humanitarian surveillance and human rights surveillance and deploys them to examine and categorize the activities of MOAS, MSF, Sea-Watch, and WatchTheMed. Humanitarian surveillance narrowly focuses on aiding victims of surveillance without problematizing the logic and hierarchies of surveillance, while human rights surveillance operates as a form of countersurveillance; it aims to protect and advance the human rights of victims of surveillance and expose human rights violations committed by authorities through opposing the hierarchies of surveillance. The paper shows how civilian groups incorporate elements of humanitarian and human rights surveillance in their activities at varying levels and discusses the extent to which they challenge the European border surveillance regime.
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Ludji, Irene. "The Acting Person on the U.S.-Mexico Border." Indonesian Journal of Theology 8, no. 1 (September 10, 2020): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v8i1.159.
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This article discusses the importance of being a neighbor, as understood through Karol Wojtyla’s idea of “the acting person,” in the context and experience of the migrants and humanitarian volunteers on the U.S.-Mexico border. There are three parts to this article. In the first part, I discuss the reality that migrants and humanitarian volunteers face at the U.S.-Mexico border. Migrants live in a liminal and violent space at the border, and the volunteers choose to enter this space to meet the vulnerable others. In the second part, I examine an idea presented by then-Cardinal Karol Wojtyla in his book The Acting Person. In the book─published in 1969 before he became Pope John Paul II in 1978─Wojtyla addresses the importance of being a neighbor through conscious participation in actions “together with others” for the achievement of the common good. In the third part, I present a critical reflection on the connection between migrants’ context and humanitarian work experience at the U.S.-Mexico border and Wojtyla’s idea of the acting person as a neighbor. By putting the idea of a neighbor in dialogue with the context of the U.S.-Mexico border, I intend to broaden Wojtyla’s thought to address the contemporary circumstances at the border.
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Eslamiamirabadi, Negin, Nazik Mostafa Nurelhuda, Belinda Nicolau, and Mary Ellen Macdonald. "Advancing a programme theory for community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants: a realist review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e049923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049923.
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IntroductionHumanitarian migrants often suffer from poor health, including oral health. Reasons for their oral health conditions include difficult migration trajectories, poor nutrition and limited financial resources. Oral health promotion is crucial for improving oral health-related quality of life of humanitarian migrants. While community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants have been implemented (eg, in host countries and refugee camps), there is scant literature evaluating their transferability or effectiveness. Given that these programmes yield unique context-specific outcomes, the purpose of this study is to understand how community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants work, in which contexts and why.Methods and analysisRealist review, a theory-driven literature review methodology, incorporates a causal heuristic called context–mechanism–outcome configurations to explain how programmes work, for whom, and under which conditions. Using Pawson’s five steps of realist review (clarifying scope and drafting an initial programme theory; identifying relevant studies; quality appraisal and data extraction; data synthesis; and dissemination of findings), we begin by developing an initial programme theory using the references of a scoping review on the oral health of refugees and asylum seekers and through hand searching in Google Scholar. Following stakeholder validation of our initial programme theory, we will locate additional evidence by searching in four databases (Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)) to test and refine our initial programme theory into a middle-range realist programme theory. The resultant theory will explain how community-level oral health promotion programmes for humanitarian migrants work, for whom, in which contexts and why.Ethics and disseminationSince this study is a review and no primary data collection will be involved, institutional ethics approval is not required. The findings of this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, local and international conferences, and via social media.Trial registration numberCRD42021226085.
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Gomez, Ricardo, Bryce Clayton Newell, and Sara Vannini. "Empathic Humanitarianism: Understanding the Motivations behind Humanitarian Work with Migrants at the US–Mexico Border." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502419900764.
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Executive Summary The growing numbers of vulnerable migrants seeking shelter and refuge in the United States and Europe are finding increased racism and xenophobia as well as renewed efforts by humanitarian volunteers to offer them aid, sanctuary, and protection. This article sets forth a typology to better understand the motivations of volunteers working to help migrants in need of humanitarian assistance. Why do people go out of their way to offer humanitarian aid to someone they do not know and, in some cases, they will never meet? What are the drivers of altruistic behavior of humanitarian volunteers in the face of rising injustice, nationalism, and xenophobia? In answer to these questions, we offer a typology centered on empathic concern, differentiating secular/faith-based motivations, and deontological/moral-virtue motivations, with particular behaviors in each of the four resulting categories: the Missionary Type, the Good Samaritan Type, the Do Gooder Type, and the Activist Type. We also suggest four additional self-centered (non-altruistic, or not-other-centered) types (Militant, Crusader, Martyr, and Humanitarian Tourist). The nuances offered by this typology can help organizations working with migrants and refugees better understand and channel the enthusiasm of their volunteers and better meet the needs of the vulnerable populations they serve. This is especially important at a time when migration is being criminalized and when humanitarian aid is deemed unpatriotic, if not outright illegal. In the face of increased nationalistic and xenophobic messages surrounding migration, we need to articulate the altruistic humanitarian motivations of volunteers in the context of migration aid. Our typology may also be used to understand altruistic behaviors in other contexts such as disaster relief, community organization and activism, international adoptions, or organ donations to strangers, among others, in which altruistic empathic concern can be an important motivation driving people to act for the well-being of distant others.
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Angeletti, Silvia, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Riccardo Bazzardi, Marta Fogolari, Serena Vita, Francesca Antonelli, Lucia De Florio, et al. "Migrants rescued on the Mediterranean Sea route: nutritional, psychological status and infectious disease control." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 14, no. 05 (May 31, 2020): 454–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.11918.
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Introduction: North Africa has become a key migratory hub where a large number of migrants attempt the journey by sea from the Libyan coastline to the south of Europe. In this humanitarian disaster scenario, the Mediterranean route has been one of the most used by illegal boats.
Methodology: In this report, the state of physical and psychological health of a cluster of Eritrean migrants, escaped from Libya and rescued in the Mediterranean Sea after a shipwreck, was described by epidemiological, clinical and laboratory investigations.
Results: Data suggest that despite the majority of the migrants being apparently in good health upon a syndromic surveillance approach, most of them suffered a decline in psychological status as well as severe malnutrition. The emergence of infectious diseases, related to poor living conditions during the journey, is not a rare event.
Conclusion: The present report highlights the risks of failures of the syndromic medical approach in the setting of the extremely challenging migration route and underlines migrant frailties consequent to a prolonged journey and long period of detention. These stressors, which can degrade the initial health condition of traveling migrants, can lead to a premature "exhausted migrant effect" that should be carefully investigated in order to avoid the early emergence of diseases related to frailty.
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Staszewska, Jolanta. "REFUGEES IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND HUMANITARIAN AID – THE SITUATION OF MIGRANTS FROM UKRAINE." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9217.
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The scope of the article refers to the issue of humanitarian crisis caused by the migration of people as a result of the threat of conflicts, in particular armed conflicts. The article presents organizational aspects of humanitarian crisis management taking into account the issue of humanitarian assistance also in the context of the use of humanitarian clusters. It presents the results of a survey of respondents - Ukrainian war migrants, as well as SWOT/TOWS analysis referring to the situation of Ukrainian migration in Poland during the armed events in Ukraine. The conclusions of the analysis point to an offensive, developmental character of migration dominated by external factors that reinforce the strengths revealed, despite the crisis nature of the situation. The aim of the article is to indicate the significance of humanitarian aid in the context of the situation of migration from Ukraine to Poland undertaken during the fighting in Ukraine.
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Keboa, Mark Tambe, Richard Hovey, Belinda Nicolau, Shahrokh Esfandiari, Franco Carnevale, and Mary Ellen Macdonald. "Oral healthcare experiences of humanitarian migrants in Montreal, Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health 110, no. 4 (March 8, 2019): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00193-5.
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Hargreaves, Sally, Dominik Zenner, Kolitha Wickramage, Anna Deal, and Sally E. Hayward. "Targeting COVID-19 interventions towards migrants in humanitarian settings." Lancet Infectious Diseases 20, no. 6 (June 2020): 645–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30292-9.
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Sebro, Tani. "Uneven Humanitarianism: Abandoned Refugees along the Thai-Myanmar Border." Review of Human Rights 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2016): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35994/rhr.v2i1.77.
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This essay considers the case of uneven humanitarian aid distribution along the Thai-Myanmar border, where forcibly displaced migrants from Myanmar have been abandoned by the UNHCR and international humanitarian organizations. Based upon long-term ethnographic fieldwork along the Thai-Myanmar border amongst Tai migrants from the Shan State in Myanmar, I attend to the effects of the inequitable distribution of rights and privileges in an international humanitarian system that is predicated on the neoliberal logic of uneven development. After two centuries of British colonial occupation and later Burman authoritarian rule, the ethnic minority groups along the Thai-Myanmar border are now facing another crisis – that of abandonment as NGOs search for new and more pressing humanitarian disasters elsewhere. The essay addresses a concept I call uneven humanitarianism as a neocolonial condition for peoples living in the Thai-Myanmar borderlands by specifically focusing on Tai peoples who are living in unofficial refugee camps that lost foreign funding in 2017. I argue that the ad hoc treatment and eventual abandonment of these vulnerable groups – that are currently in the midst of the world’s most protracted civil war and displacement situation – constitutes a failure of the “responsibility to protect” humanitarian project.
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Guskovict, Kristen L., and Miriam Potocky. "Mitigating Psychological Distress Among Humanitarian Staff Working With Migrants and Refugees: A Case Example." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 965–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/21644.
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Ongoing acute stress in humanitarian work leads to psychological distress among humanitarian workers. Stress management within humanitarian agencies requires responses at both the individual staff member and agency levels. Stress management is often conceptualized in four categories: stress that can be accepted; stress that can be altered; stress to which individuals can adapt; and stress that can be avoided. Humanitarian workers accept the stress created by the environment in which they choose to work. They can manage stress by altering their own behaviors through improved communication skills and the implementation of self-care plans. They can adapt, with the help of staff care plans such as counseling and peer support, to the stress created by their own histories of trauma or mental illness. The stress created by the workplace can be avoided. However, without a comprehensive support plan for mitigating psychological distress, both the individual humanitarian worker and the agency overall suffer. This article reviews current literature regarding the impact of avoidable stress and the impact of adaptation programs such as staff care and stress management plans on humanitarian work, and illustrates these impacts with a case example from the Danish Refugee Council, an international non-governmental organization with approximately 300 employees working in Greece.
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Kulovic, S. Veceric. "The Impact of EU Political Ambiguity Towards Migrant Crisis on the Mental Health of Migrants." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1013.
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For last couple of years, EU is facing migrant crisis that is challenging its capacity to help and its unity to decide the modes of assistance. Such political context brings additional uncertainty and insecurity into migrants’ lives which causes extreme experiences that are often damaging migrants’ mental health. In humanitarian plans regarding assistance for migrants, mental health is a cross cutting issue. Status of mental health is a result of complex intertwining of genetics, developmental and current life experiences. The experience of migration is a current life event which highly determines migrants’ mental health. Hardships of travel along migration route are worsened by often hostile reception by authorities at borders of countries that are on the way to desired rich EU countries. On migrants’ way to desired safety, there are countries like Slovenia and Hungary which protect their borders with wire. Therefore, migrants are stuck in countries, like Greece and Croatia, which are not their desirable destination. While waiting to get free passage, migrants are exposed to various political rhetoric of politicians of EU countries who hold their destiny in their hands. Migration experience does not make migrants mentally ill but it does make them vulnerable in that respect. Migrants’ vulnerability is highly challenged by ambiguity of political decisions, media coverage influenced by the same policies and concomitant changes in immediate surrounding. It is crucial to make publicly clear that political decisions mean life or death, health or mental disorder to migrants and that therefore they at least carry ethical responsibility.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.