Academic literature on the topic 'Humanitarian migrants'
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Journal articles on the topic "Humanitarian migrants"
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Churruca-Muguruza, Cristina. "Everyday Migrant Accompaniment: Humanitarian Border Diplomacy." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 17, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10088.
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Summary This article advances the notion of humanitarian border diplomacy, contributing to current academic discussions on humanitarian diplomacy and on the practice-theory nexus by conceptualising NGOs’ migrant accompaniment at borders as a form of everyday humanitarian diplomacy. The contention is that humanitarian diplomacy is similar to other diplomatic practices. Starting by rethinking humanitarian diplomacy, it discusses the emergence of humanitarian border diplomacy as a key component of everyday migrant accompaniment. Humanitarian border diplomacy focuses on advancing migrants’ rights, seeking to make helpful, empowering and transformational interventions in an attempt to resist and change the contemporary global governance of migration. The article presents the everyday diplomatic practices of the Servicio Jesuita a Migrantes in Melilla, on Spain’s southern border, as an example of humanitarian border diplomacy. At the border, as an alternative space for resistance, difference and otherness, the need for diplomatic culture as the symbolic mediation of estrangement is revealed.
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Galemba, Rebecca, Katie Dingeman, Kaelyn DeVries, and Yvette Servin. "Paradoxes of Protection: Compassionate Repression at the Mexico–Guatemala Border." Journal on Migration and Human Security 7, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 62–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502419862239.
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Executive Summary Anti-immigrant rhetoric and constricting avenues for asylum in the United States, amid continuing high rates of poverty, environmental crisis, and violence in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, have led many migrants from these countries to remain in Mexico. Yet despite opportunities for humanitarian relief in Mexico, since the early 2000s the Mexican government, under growing pressure from the United States, has pursued enforcement-first initiatives to stem northward migration from Central America. In July 2014, Mexico introduced the Southern Border Program (SBP) with support from the United States. The SBP dramatically expanded Mexico’s immigration enforcement efforts, especially in its southern border states, leading to rising deportations. Far from reducing migration or migrant smuggling, these policies have trapped migrants for longer in Mexico, made them increasingly susceptible to crimes by a wide range of state and nonstate actors, and exacerbated risk along the entire migrant trail. In recognition of rising crimes against migrants and heeding calls from civil society to protect migrant rights, Mexico’s 2011 revision to its Migration Law expanded legal avenues for granting humanitarian protection to migrants who are victims of crimes in Mexico, including the provision of a one-year humanitarian visa so that migrants can collaborate with the prosecutor’s office in the investigation of crimes committed against them. The new humanitarian visa laws were a significant achievement and represent a victory by civil society keen on protecting migrants as they travel through Mexico. The wider atmosphere of impunity, however, alongside the Mexican government’s prioritization of detaining and deporting migrants, facilitates abuses, obscures transparent accounting of crimes, and limits access to justice. In practice, the laws are not achieving their intended outcomes. They also fail to recognize how Mexico’s securitized migration policies subject migrants to risk throughout their journeys, including at border checkpoints between Guatemala and Honduras, along critical transit corridors in Guatemala, and on the Guatemalan side of Mexico’s southern border. In this article, we examine a novel set of data from migrant shelters — 16 qualitative interviews with migrants and nine with staff and advocates in the Mexico–Guatemala border region, as well as 118 complaints of abuses committed along migrants’ journeys — informally filed by migrants at a shelter on the Guatemalan side of the border, and an additional eight complaints filed at a shelter on the Mexican side of the border. We document and analyze the nature, location, and perpetrators of these alleged abuses, using a framework of “compassionate repression” (Fassin 2012) to examine the obstacles that migrants encounter in denouncing abuses and seeking protection. We contend that while humanitarian visas can provide necessary protection for abuses committed in Mexico, they are limited by their temporary nature, by being nested within a migration system that prioritizes migrant removal, and because they recognize only crimes that occur in Mexico. The paradox between humanitarian concerns and repressive migration governance in a context of high impunity shapes institutional and practical obstacles to reporting crimes, receiving visas, and accessing justice. In this context, a variety of actors recognize that they can exploit and profit from migrants’ lack of mobility, legal vulnerability, and uncertain access to protection, leading to a commodification of access to humanitarian protection along the route.
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Farah, Reem. "Expat, Local, and Refugee." Migration and Society 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2020.030111.
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In migration studies, humanitarian work and workers are studied as benefactors or managers of migrants and refugees. This article inverts the gaze from “researching down” refugees to “studying up” the humanitarian structure that governs them. The article studies how the humanitarian industry ballooned after the Syrian refugee response in Jordan due to the influx of expatriate humanitarians as economic migrants from the global North to refugee situations in the host country in the global South. It examines the global division of mobility and labor among expatriate, local, and refugee humanitarian workers, investigating the correlation between geographic (horizontal) mobility and social/professional (vertical) mobility, demonstrating that the social and professional mobility of workers depends on their ability to access geographic mobility. Thus, rather than advocating for and facilitating global mobility, the humanitarian industry maintains a colonial division of labor and mobility. This raises the question: who benefits most from humanitarian assistance?
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Olaiya, Taiwo Akanbi. "Humanitarian Action and Intra-Continental Migrant Children’s Education: Evidence from the Governance at the Grassroots in Nigeria." Public Administration Research 9, no. 2 (August 8, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/par.v9n2p1.
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How does humanitarian action at the grassroots shape support for children of intra-continental migrant? Despite a large volume of research outputs and public policy advocacy on migration, there has been little work on the crucial nexus between local humanitarian efforts and migrant children’s educational needs. Conceptually, we viewed humanitarian action beyond the traditional definition as a tool for emergency response. We included efforts aimed at dignifying migrant children with basic education and enhancement of their integration in the new location. Cross-sectional data obtained from agencies of government at the grassroots were employed to measure the effects of local humanitarian action on the education of migrant children. The finding showed that institutionalised humanitarian efforts provide real-time support for basic education of migrant children. Also, burdensome obligations and lack of financial independence for governance at the grassroots curtailed the magnitude of assistance rendered by local authorities. Using Talcott Parson’s functionalist theory, we suggested three mutually transformative approaches. First, constraints by the upper levels of government– State and Federal tiers– exacerbate financial incapacitation and, ultimately, impede humanitarian effort at the grassroots. Second, provision of critical humanitarian needs, such as migrant children’s education, fosters social integration and crime control among migrants. Finally, intra-continental migration is not debased by acculturation. The findings showcase the need for strengthening the financial capacity of governance at the grassroots to reinforce common interests between migrants and host communities.
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Cojocari, Ion. "Offense of organizing illegal migration: subject of the offense." National Law Journal, no. 2(244) (December 2021): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1811-0770.2021.2(244).14.
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The fight against trafficking of migrants is a common international concern that ensures the protection of the rights not to be subjected to slavery and conditions similar to slavery. This article deals with the subject of the crime of organizing illegal migration. Particular attention is paid to the status of the migrant, who under certain conditions can be considered the subject of the crime under consideration. In the Republic of Moldova, the trafficking of migrants is protected by the crime of “organizing illegal migration”. Paragraph 4 of Article 3621 of the Criminal Code, exonerates the migrant from criminal liability for the act prejudicial to the organization of illegal migration. However, the issue arises when the migrant is the object of the crime within the meaning of the Protocol against Trafficking of Migrants. The article analyzes the special quality of the subject of the crime and of the beneficiaries of international humanitarian protection. In the author’s opinion, there are many questions that need to be elucidated, such as: who is the subject of the crime? How old is he/she? What is the special subject of the crime, and what are the conditions when the migrant can be prosecuted? In the author’s view, in order to avoid violations of migrants’ rights, the Moldovan legislature must strengthen its position on the protection of migrants’ rights so that the national criminal law (which responsibly ensures the protection of migrants’ rights) complies with the Additional Protocol on Trafficking of Migrants, having as material object the migrant’s body (material object).
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Airila, Auli, Ari Väänänen, Minna Toivanen, Aki Koskinen, Natalia Skogberg, and Anu Castaneda. "Are Self-rated Health, Native Finnish Friends and Having Children under School Age Associated with Employment?" Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 55 (January 11, 2021): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.95472.
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In Western countries, entry into the labour market is difficult for humanitarian migrants, especially women. The aim of our study was to examine the association of health, native Finnish friends and having under school-age children with employment among humanitarian migrants.The data were drawn from the Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study. The sample comprised 479 migrants of Kurdish and Somali origin (men n=248; women n=231). We analysed the associations of self-rated health, having Finnish friends and under school age children with employment using multinomial regression modelling.After adjustment for several well-established determinants of employment, having Finnish friends and good health were robustly associated with employment among women. In the age-adjusted model, having 3–6 years old children was related to lower employment among women, but after all adjustments, the association became nonsignificant. All these associations were nonsignificant among male migrants.To conclude, good health and bridging social relations with natives play a role in strengtheningemployment opportunities among female humanitarian migrants.
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Nurelhuda, Nazik M., Mark T. Keboa, Herenia P. Lawrence, Belinda Nicolau, and Mary Ellen Macdonald. "Advancing Our Understanding of Dental Care Pathways of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Canada: A Qualitative Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 8874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168874.
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The burden of oral diseases and need for dental care are high among refugees and asylum seekers (humanitarian migrants). Canada’s Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP) provides humanitarian migrants with limited dental services; however, this program has seen several fluctuations over the past decade. An earlier study on the experiences of humanitarian migrants in Quebec, Canada, developed the dental care pathways of humanitarian migrants model, which describes the care-seeking processes that humanitarian migrants follow; further, this study documented shortfalls in IFHP coverage. The current qualitative study tests the pathway model in another Canadian province. We purposefully recruited 27 humanitarian migrants from 13 countries in four global regions, between April and December 2019, in two Ontario cities (Toronto and Ottawa). Four focus group discussions were facilitated in English, Arabic, Spanish, and Dari. Analysis revealed barriers to care similar to the Quebec study: Waiting time, financial, and language barriers. Further, participants were unsatisfied with the IFHP’s benefits package. Our data produced two new pathways for the model: transnational dental care and self-medication. In conclusion, the dental care needs of humanitarian migrants are not currently being met in Canada, forcing participants to resort to alternative pathways outside the conventional dental care system.
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Flanagan, Danielle. "Caught in the Crossfire: Challenges to Migrant Protection in the Yemeni and Libyan Conflicts." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 4 (December 2020): 318–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502420978151.
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In spite of the prevailing security dynamics in Yemen and Libya, both states continue to serve as areas of transit along some of the world’s largest mixed migration routes, leaving migrants caught in the crossfire of the two conflicts. This article examines the legal framework governing the protection of migrants in armed conflict under international humanitarian and human rights law. It also identifies two adverse incentives produced by the conflict situations that impede the exercise of these legal protections: (1) profits derived from migrant smuggling and trafficking, and (2) the use of migrants to support armed groups. In the absence of stable conditions in Yemen and Libya, individuals have little reason to respect international legal protections and discontinue migrant abuse connected with the lucrative businesses of smuggling and trafficking. The intractable nature of the two conflicts has also led to the strategic use of migrants as armed support, and more specifically as combatants, weapons transports, and human shields. Given these realities, the article outlines several recommendations to address the issue of migrant abuse in conflict. It recommends that states, particularly those neighboring Yemen and Libya, strengthen regular migration pathways to help reduce the number of migrants transiting through active conflict zones. It further advises that the international community increase the cost of noncompliance to international humanitarian law through the use of accountability mechanisms and through strategic measures, including grants of reciprocal respect to armed groups that observe protections accorded to migrants in conflict situations.
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Solano, Priscilla, and Douglas S. Massey. "Migrating through the Corridor of Death: The Making of a Complex Humanitarian Crisis." Journal on Migration and Human Security 10, no. 3 (September 2022): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23315024221119784.
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Drawing on the concept of a “complex humanitarian crisis,” this paper describes how outflows of migrants from Central America were transformed into such a crisis by intransigent immigration and border policies enacted in both Mexico and the United States. We describe the origins of the migration in U.S. Cold War interventions that created many thousands of displaced people fleeing violence and economic degradation in the region, leading to a sustained process of undocumented migration to the United States. Owing to rising levels of gang violence and weather events associated with climate change, the number of people seeking to escape threats in Central America has multiplied and unauthorized migration through Mexico toward the United States has increased. However, the securitization of migration in both Mexico and the United States has blocked these migrants from exercising their right to petition for asylum, creating a growing backlog of migrants who are subject to human rights violations and predations both by criminals and government authorities, leading migrants to label Mexican routes northward as a “corridor of death.” We draw on data from annual reports of Mexico's Red de Documentación de las Organizaciones Defensoras de Migrantes (Network for the Documentation of Migrant Defense Organizations) to construct a statistical profile of transit migrants and the threats they face as reported by humanitarian actors in Mexico. These reports allow us to better understand the practical realities of the “complex humanitarian crisis” facing undocumented migrants, both as unauthorized border crossers and as transit migrants moving between the southern frontiers of Mexico and the United States. Policy Recommendations Policy makers need to address: Governments must recognize that the humanitarian crisis facing migrants is not confined to border regions but unfolds at places of both origin and destination as well as within extended geographies of transit in-between. The current refugee protection regime and asylum system are ill-matched to the needs and vulnerabilities of today's migrants. In an era of rapid climate change, rising state failures, and escalating violence, people are not moving so much to advance economically as to escape a growing array of threats not covered by the 1951 Refugee Convention, which needs to be updated. Developed nations must honor rather than elide their obligations under international law to accept asylum applicants and fairly adjudicate their cases, Since a large fraction of the Central Americans arriving at the southern US border have relatives in the United States, creating a pathway to legal status for unauthorized US residents would relieve a lot of the pressure on the asylum system by enabling authorities to release applicants to the support and care of legally resident relatives rather than placing them in an overburdened detention system. Governments need to scale back the securitization and criminalization of migration, which have made human mobility an increasingly precarious and risk-filled activity that contributes to rather than forestalls the proliferation of crime and violence. Human rights and humanitarian agencies need to revisit their missions to derive new ways of working conjointly and in parallel with each other and with governments to better understand and meet the needs of migrants in the 21st century.
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Petrovic, Jelisaveta, and Jelena Pesic. "Between integration, security and humanitarianism: Serbian citizens’ attitudes towards migrants." Stanovnistvo 55, no. 2 (2017): 25–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/stnv1702025p.
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Almost a million people from Middle East and North Africa have passed through the territory of Serbia on their way to Western Europe during 2015 and 2016. Although Serbia has predominantly been a transit country for migrants, this recent passage of a large number of people, as well as a longer retention of some migrants, opened up a number of questions on capacities for emergent acceptance but also on long term integration of this population. The paper examines the characteristics of citizens? attitudes towards the migrant population with the intention of determining which perspective - security, humanitarian or integrative - is being distinguished as a dominant one? Under the security perspective, it is understood that migrants pose a potential risk for the security of domestic population. The humanitarian perspective refers to a belief that migrants need to be provided with necessary assistance on their way to destination countries. The third, integrative perspective represents the ?most open? attitude towards migrants and implies that it is necessary to provide the opportunity for more permanent integration of the migrant population. In addition to that, the paper examines the existence of statistically significant variations in the degree of acceptance of the attitudes measuring mentioned perspectives in terms of socio-demographic and socio-cultural factors. The analysis is based on the data collected through the survey conducted in the spring of 2016 on a representative sample of Serbian citizens (without Kosovo) that numbered 998 respondents. Findings show that the humanitarian perspective is the most prevalent in the population, which is in line with the transitional character of migration. Ethnic distance is the most influential factor in shaping attitudes towards migrants. This finding indicates that attitudes toward migrants are more the result of the socio-psychological factors than the micro-structural factors or the demographic and cultural characteristics. Furthermore, this finding points to the deeper historical roots of factors shaping the examined perspectives, but also indicates the directions of potential positive action through the breaking of negative stereotypes and formulation of adequate strategies for the promotion of multicultural societies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Humanitarian migrants"
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Jacobsen, Malene H. "The Everyday Spaces of Humanitarian Migrants in Denmark." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/7.
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Through an analysis of the Danish Immigration Law and asylum system, this research illustrates how the Danish state through state practices and policies permeates and produces the everyday space of humanitarian migrants. Furthermore, it examines how humanitarian migrants experience their everyday life in the Danish asylum system. An examination of state practices in conjunction with humanitarian migrants’ narratives of space and everyday practices, offers an opportunity to explore what kind of politics and political subjectivities that can emerge in the space of humanitarian migrants. This research contribute to our understanding of first, how the securitization of migration has direct impact on the everyday life of humanitarian migrants, second, second, how the state through practices and space governs and de-politicizes humanitarian migrants, and third, humanitarian migrants are able to act politically.
Furthermore, this research problematizes the categorization of humanitarian migrants as “asylum seeker” in order to illustrate how the group of humanitarian migrants is a very diverse group of people from different places with various skills and education-, social-, and economic backgrounds. Even though “asylum seekers” are often portrayed as a homogenous group of vulnerable people we cannot assume that these people understand themselves as vulnerable docile “asylum seekers”.
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Grewcock, Michael Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Crimes of exclusion: the Australian state???s responses to unauthorised migrants." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31445.
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This thesis provides a criminological perspective on the Australian state???s responses to unauthorised migrants. In particular, it attempts to build on recent criminological literature on state crime by contrasting the alleged deviance of unauthorised migrants with the organised and deviant human rights abuses perpetrated by the Australian state. The main argument of the thesis is that through the systematic alienation, criminalisation and abuse of unauthorised migrants, particularly refugees, the Australian state is engaged in state crime. While this can partly be measured by breaches of international humanitarian law, the acts in question are criminal according to the broader sociological understanding of state crime as ???state organisational deviance involving the violation of human rights???. The thesis develops this argument by locating the phenomena of forced and illicit migration within an increasingly globalised world economy in which the needs for international human migration are confronted by the restrictive migration policies of the dominant Western states. In this context, the Australian state has played a pivotal role in the development of three major Western exclusion zones, which are designed to contain unauthorised migrants in the developing world and are enforced by measures that systematically abuse human rights. The fundamental criminological dynamic of the Australian exclusion zone is its systematic assault on the movements and by definition, the rights, of forced migrants. This operates at a number of levels: unauthorised arrivals are alienated by their lack of legal status; they are denied access to a full refugee determination process; their status as refugees is subordinated to that of the resettled refugee; their experiences are denied and delegitimised through their construction as queue jumpers; they are criminalised through their participation in smuggling enterprises; they are punished and abused through the use of detention, dispersal and forced removal; and they are put at greater personal risk by the measures employed to enforce the zone. The thesis traces the development of this zone from the formation of the white Australia policy through to the Pacific Solution and critically analyses the ways in which current policy draws on and reinforces the exclusionist traditions of Australian nationalism.
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Heiner, Ashley R. "A five year longitudinal study of wellbeing in resettlement amongst humanitarian migrants from Burma." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/79392/1/Ashley_Heiner_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis research was conducted to identify factors that impact the psychological well-being of refugees from Burma who have been resettled in Australia. Qualitative analysis of interviews conducted within the first year of resettlement, and again at four years and five years post-resettlement demonstrated that refugee well-being is influenced by the context of resettlement and the continuity of existing relationships. Results have implications for immigration policy and contribute to knowledge of understanding and assisting with the process of resettlement.
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Borkum, Stefanie. "The changing portrayal of migrants : from the political to the humanitarian : a case study of two migrants' rights organisations in Spain and Britain." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21478/.
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The portrayal of migrants in Spanish and British media and political discourse has been the focus of much recent academic study and is largely concerned with negative images. Where positive or sympathetic portrayals have been examined, they alert us to pitfalls: compassion aroused by the portrayal of migrants as victims is a double-edged sword because victims need an external agent to empower them and, therefore, are deprived of their own agency. The image of the 'passive' and 'rightless' migrant has been counteracted by literature that portrays migrants as 'political activists' mobilising to demand legalisation of their immigration status. This portrayal of the 'activist migrant' can be viewed as 'utopian' whereby migrants are transformed into a new historical subject for social change and, as such, become the site for the projection of political hopes and desires. This study focuses on an area of research that has received little attention - how migrants' rights organisations portray migrants. Two organisations provided the research sites for the case studies: Sevilla Acoge, based in Seville, Spain, and Praxis, based in London, Britain. As demonstrated in this thesis, both of them were strongly influenced by the radical leftist ideas of liberation theology. The thesis argues that over a period of approximately thirty years (from the 1980s to the early 2010s) the portrayal of migrants shifted from a political to a humanitarian framing. More specifically, it shows that these changing portrayals reflected shifts in the organisations' values and expressed a sense of disappointment in the politics of the past that had aimed to change society through collective political action. This cross-country, comparative and longitudinal study uses a mixed-methods approach to investigate the changing portrayals of migrants. The case studies illustrate the consequences of the humanitarian trumping the political approach to migrants' rights and the implications of this for the possibilities of political action and empowerment.
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Ryngbeck, Annica. "Criminalisation of Humanitarian Assistance to Undocumented Migrants in the EU: A Study of the Concept of Solidarity." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23642.
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This thesis examines the concept of solidarity and how it can contribute to the understanding of the criminalisation of those who provide humanitarian assistance to undocumented migrants in Europe. It also looks at acts of resistance against such criminalisation. Alternative explanations are explored on the basis of theories of solidarity, previous research and collection of material from international and European institutions on the legal situation within the European Union. Particular attention is given to illustrative cases focusing primarily on the more or less publicly acceptable provision of healthcare and the less publicly acceptable provision of housing. Criminalisation can be understood in the light of exclusive solidarity only for those with citizenship or residence permit and as a part of immigration enforcement by deterring those who want to help and therefore discouraging irregular migrants from staying in the EU. Resistance against such criminalisation is built locally, on the basis of solidarity with undocumented migrants that are relatable and familiar, which also explains why solidarity is harder to achieve on a national and European level. Resistance against criminalisation is also built on faith, dignity and other grounds such as cost-benefit estimates for cities tackling issues such as social inclusion and public health.
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Markodimitrakis, Michail-Chrysovalantis. "Living in The European Borderlands Representation, Humanitarian Work, and Integration in Times Of "Crises" in Greece." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1626615769746669.
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Castro, Aranda de Bollig Roxana. "Asistencia humanitaria a migrantes peruanos en estado de indigencia o necesidad extrema y su repatriación en vida." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/13106.
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La presente investigación se justifica en la existencia de peruanos que viven en el
exterior, quienes, según las estadísticas, son más de tres millones. Sin embargo, más que cifras exactas, lo importante es que algunos de ellos se encuentran en indigencia o necesidad extrema y necesitan protección. El objetivo principal de la presente
investigación es analizar la asistencia humanitaria que brinda el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores a los peruanos en el exterior en el marco del Derecho Internacional de Derechos Humanos. De manera específica, la repatriación en vida; cómo el Estado peruano afronta los casos de repatriación, cómo los atiende, su evolución en los últimos casi cuarenta años y la visión de las políticas públicas del Estado con relación a sus nacionales en el exterior. Para ello, se plantea como objetivo responder a la interrogante: cuál es el fundamento para que el Estado brinde asistencia y protección a sus nacionales en el exterior, si es una obligación en sí misma o una actividad generosa y no obligada en términos jurídicos. Se concluye que es una obligación general para todos los Estados. Otro objetivo del presente trabajo es responder de qué manera cumple el Estado peruano con esta obligación de asistencia y protección. Al respecto, se llega a la conclusión que el Estado peruano es respetuoso de esta obligación de asistir y proteger a sus nacionales en el exterior, y para ello ha emitido normas, otorgado presupuestos, creado órganos y
procedimientos. La conclusión principal es que, en los últimos casi cuarenta años, el
Estado peruano desarrolla una serie de mecanismos para que la asistencia humanitaria a los migrantes peruanos se otorgue de manera sistemática, planificada, con normas y procedimientos preestablecidos, para brindar una protección y asistencia humanitaria que cumpla con su finalidad: respetar los derechos humanos del peruano en el exteriorTesis
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Vasquez, Elias Maria Magdalena. "Mejora de Procesos de Gestión Humanitaria y Atención al Migrante para el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de El Salvador." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102721.
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Guadalupe, Madge Elena. "La comunicación para el desarrollo en la promoción de la integración sociocultural de la población nacional y los migrantes y refugiados de Venezuela: el festival “TUMBEmos la xenofobia”." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/15506.
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Boitel, Anne. "Des camps de réfugiés aux centres de rétention administrative : la Cimade, analyse d'une action dans les lieux d'enfermement et de relégation (de la fin des années 1930 au début du XXIe siècle)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3096.
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Association d'origine protestante, la Cimade naît en 1939 pour venir en aide aux Alsaciens-Lorrains repliés dans le sud-ouest de la France. Son action s'oriente vers l'accueil des réfugiés dans les lieux d'enfermement et de relégation. Son histoire permet d'aborder sous un angle particulier les années 1940, les camps d'internement français et la Shoah, la Libération, l'épuration, la reconstruction et les mutations du système pénitentiaire. La Cimade œuvre durant la Guerre d'Algérie auprès des populations algériennes dans les camps de regroupement et en métropole dans les centres d'accueil des familles harkies comme indochinoises et dans les bidonvilles où vivent les travailleurs post-coloniaux. Enfin,le gouvernement fait appel à la Cimade en 1984 pour intervenir dans les centres de rétention administrative auprès des étrangers reconduits à la frontière. Sa présence est exclusive jusqu'en 2007. L'histoire de cette association permet de saisir comment d'une assistance humanitaire, l'action bascule vers une "juridiciarisation" dès les années 1970. La continuité de sa présence livre une lecture originale de la gestion des étrangers en France. Interface entre "le dedans et le dehors", la Cimade est en tension permanente avec l'Etat. Association de terrain, pouvant sembler participer à la cogestion du système de l'enfermement, elle ne renonce pas à son militantisme ancré à gauche et dénonce ce qu'elle considère comme des cas d'injustices. Son action est représentative de l'ambiguïté de l'interventionnisme associatif. Ce travail de thèse met en lumière les repositionnements et la progressive sécularisation d'une association protestante qui traverse une partie du XXème siècle,"siècle des camps"Originally a Protestant association,the Cimade was created in 1939 to help people from Alsace-Lorraine,who had taken refuge in the south-west of France.Its action was mainly based on welcoming refugees in confinement and banishment places.Its history helps to understand the 1940s,the French internment camps and the Shoah as well as the purge then post-war reconstruction and the penitentiary reform.During the Algerian war,the association worked both in grouping camps in Algeria and in France where the members of the FLN were assigned.During decolonisation,it gave assistance to harkies and Indochinese families in reception centres as well as to post-colonial workers in shanty towns.As soon as 1984,the government urged the Cimade to work with foreigners escorted to the border in administrative confinement centres.Its presence was exclusive until 2007.The history of this association helps to understand how humanitarian assistance became a cause lawering in the early 1970s.Its permanent presence in camps enables us to consider the specific approach to the governments policies concerning foreigners in France.Working as an interface between "the inside and the outside",the Cimade,throughout its history,was in constant tension with govenments.Although being an association in the field,seemingly involved in joint management of the confinement system,the Cimade didn’t give up its left-centered activism, denouncing what they considered as a justice denial. Its action is representative of the ambiguities of the associations interventionism.This research highlights the repositioning and the progressive secularization of the association throughout the 20th century,the century of camps
Books on the topic "Humanitarian migrants"
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Hudson, Victoria, and Lucian Leustean. Religion and Forced Displacement in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463727556.
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This book examines the social and political mobilisation of religious communities towards forced displacement in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. It analyses religious strategies in relation to tolerance and transitory environments as a result of the breakup of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia in the early 1990s, the post-2011 Syrian crisis and the 2014 Russian takeover of Crimea. How do religious actors and state bodies engage with refugees and migrants? What are the mechanisms of religious support towards forcibly displaced communities? The book argues that when states do not act as providers of human security, religious communities, as representatives of civil society and often closer to the grass roots level, can be well placed to serve populations in need. The book brings together scholars from across the region and provides a comprehensive overview of the ways in which religious communities tackle humanitarian crises in contemporary Armenia, Bulgaria, Greece, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Poland, Russia, Serbia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
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Sacchetto, Devi. Il Nordest e il suo oriente: Migranti, capitali e azioni umanitarie. Verona: Ombre corte, 2004.
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1942-, Price Norma A., and Parks Ted 1955-, eds. Crossing with the Virgin: Stories from the migrant trail. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 2010.
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Benucci, Antonella, Giulia I. Grosso, and Viola Monaci. Linguistica Educativa e contesti migratori. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-570-4.
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The volume, produced within the framework of the COMMIT project “Fostering the Integration of Resettled Refugees in Croatia, Italy, Portugal and Spain”, concerns the current European situation, and in particular the teaching of L2 in its relations and interdisciplinary exchanges with other scientific fields dealing with migratory phenomena; therefore, starting from the COMMIT experience, it offers a wide perspective, going beyond the borders of the countries involved in the project and identifying good practices that can be replicated in different territorial and social contexts to ensure successful social inclusion of newly arrived citizens. COMMIT is a project funded by the European Commission (DG HOME), co-financed by the Ministry of Interior and the Project Partners and managed by the Mediterranean Coordination Office of the International Organization for Migration (IOM), in Italy. The project was implemented in collaboration with the IOM Missions in Croatia, Portugal and Spain, together with the Communitas Consortium, the Adecco Foundation for Equal Opportunities and the University for Foreigners of Siena (UNISTRASI). The project activities were implemented from 1 January 2019 to 30 April 2021. The project, based on the idea that successful integration of resettled refugees occurs both by putting in place certain structural conditions and by promoting mutual exchange between resettled refugees and their host communities, aimed to support their integration into their new communities, with a special focus on women and young refugees as particularly vulnerable groups. A secure humanitarian migration route to the European Union launched in 2013 is targeted at refugees who are beneficiaries of resettlement. Several Member States, including Croatia, Italy, Portugal and Spain, have therefore established or strengthened their national resettlement and humanitarian admission programmes for resettled refugees of Syrian, Eritrean, Ethiopian or Sudanese origin. In preparation for resettlement, beneficiaries participate in a series of pre-departure cultural orientation activities. Among them, training in L2 language and culture plays a crucial role. The book hence tries to offer answers to the many challenges that characterise the field of language education in contexts marked by the presence of migrants from an interdisciplinary perspective. It provides for effective solutions for an inclusive language education, attentive to ‘vulnerable’ subjects, paying attention to the interweaving of complex individual, social, cultural and economic contexts, such as school and university training courses and reception and resettlement programmes in host societies. In particular, the current situation in Italy, regarding both teaching L2 in a school context and teaching modern languages to adult foreigners, is still lacking in interdisciplinary relations and exchanges between language teaching and other scientific fields dealing with migratory phenomena. However, in recent years a particular sensitivity and empathy towards linguistic and cultural contact have developed.
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Making Integration Work: Humanitarian Migrants. OECD Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264251236-en.
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Agier, Michel. The Jungle: Calais's Camps and Migrants. Polity, 2018.
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Elusive Refuge: Chinese Migrants in the Cold War. Harvard University Press, 2016.
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Lefebvre, Sue. No More Deaths: Humanitarian Aid Is Never a Crime, Saving Lives of Migrants. Independently Published, 2019.
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Lefebvre, Sue. No More Deaths: Humanitarian Aid Is Never a Crime, Saving Lives of Migrants. Indy Pub, 2020.
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Foblets, Marie-Claire, and Luc Leboeuf, eds. Humanitarian Admission to Europe. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845298603.
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Bringing together contributions from legal scholars and practitioners, this book contributes to a broader reflection on the extent to which policy controversies on humanitarian admission to Europe are channeled and managed through law. The book is divided into four parts. The first part identifies the international and European legal obligations that are binding on both the EU and the Member States, and the constraints they impose – potentially and actually – when dealing with migrants who are outside EU territory. The second part studies the legal framework of humanitarian admission in three Member States (Germany, Italy and Belgium), as well as the related procedures and practices. The third part focuses on the experiences of those seeking humanitarian admission, including how they mobilize the law to obtain legal access to Europe. It presents the results of ethnographic fieldwork conducted among refugees in a refugee camp in Uganda who are seeking resettlement, as well as the testimony of the lawyer who defended a Syrian family applying for a humanitarian visa in Belgium in a landmark case that was litigated before the CJEU (X. and X. v. Belgium). The fourth part discusses the prospects for future developments in the EU legal and policy framework, including attempts at reforming the EU Visa Code and establishing a Union resettlement framework. The book is edited by Marie-Claire Foblets and Luc Leboeuf, both from the Department of Law and Anthropology of the Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology.
Book chapters on the topic "Humanitarian migrants"
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Jack, Victoria. "The humanitarian duty to communicate." In Migrants, Refugees, and the Media, 173–94. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Global interdisciplinary studies series; Ashser-1184: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351234665-8.
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Christou, Anastasia, and Eleonore Kofman. "Transnational Families, Intimate Relations, Generations." In IMISCOE Research Series, 57–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91971-9_4.
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AbstractChapter 10.1007/978-3-030-91971-9_3 examined the gendered nature of a migrant division of labour. In this chapter we turn to family migration, traditionally associated with women as dependents and followers of men. The term is used to categorise the international movement of people who migrate due to new or established family ties. People moving for family reasons constitute the largest group of migrants entering OECD countries, ahead of labour and humanitarian migration (OECD, 2019). To move for family reasons may encompass an array of different kinds of migration trajectories, from the adoption of a foreign child to family members accompanying migrant workers or refugees, as well as people forming new family units with host country residents or family reunification (when family members reunite with those who migrated previously).
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Senu, Amaha. "Multiple Roles and Role Conflict: Seafarers As Economic, Humanitarian and Security Actors." In The World of the Seafarer, 141–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49825-2_12.
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AbstractThe chapter aims to draw attention to the experiences of seafarers when encountering undocumented migrants in the maritime domain. Focussing on seafarers’ interactions with stowaways and migrants across the Mediterranean Sea, it explores the tensions, contradictions and outcomes that arise from the often-diverging expectations placed upon seafarers. The chapter demonstrates how seafarers are forced to assume multiple and conflicting economic, humanitarian and security roles in their interactions with stowaways and migrants at sea. Navigating the tensions and conflicts between these roles can prove challenging for seafarers with severe implications for both seafarers and the migrants in some instances.
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Isaakyan, Irina, Anna Triandafyllidou, and Simone Baglioni. "A Long Journey of Integration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 209–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14009-9_9.
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AbstractThis chapter summarizes the interaction between integration and agency by comparing migrants’ encounters with labour markets through which their agency challenges existing discourses. The chapter investigates the complex relationship between policy discourse, gender, and class in the production of migrant agency across different countries. The gendered experiences of low labour in Denmark centre around the crucial moments of retraining for migrant women, through which they reconsider their adjustment to the labour market as ‘devoid integration’. The EU discourses of integration are further disrupted by humanitarian migrants in Scotland and Switzerland, whose encounters with the non-recognition of qualifications and inadequate social welfare contradict the ‘migrant-welcoming’ national facades. The Canadian grand discourse of ‘smooth transition’ is opposed by the analysis of aspirations that clash with outcomes such as the labour market entrance. In this connection, we can see the Italian ‘borderline’ space of the informal market, within which many legal economic migrants navigate a complex web of existing laws and informal opportunities. The comparison is amplified by a visually ‘successful’ portrait of entrepreneurial integration, which is nevertheless perceived by skilled migrants in Finland as a less desirable option. The quality of migrants’ agency thus becomes contested if they seek to progress in the labour market. An essential element in this contestation is the transnational migrants’ disagreement with official discourses of ethnic solidarity and national citizenship in the Czech Republic. The comparative analysis of these lived experiences leads toward a new understanding of ‘agency’ and ‘resilience’ in labour market integration.
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Ark-Yıldırım, Ceren, and Marc Smyrl. "Cash Transfer and Humanitarian Assistance." In Social Cash Transfer in Turkey, 89–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70381-3_5.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we turn our attention to cash transfer (CT) as an instrument of humanitarian assistance for forced migrants in Turkey. We first consider the emergence of CT as a priority instrument for humanitarian assistance in the twenty-first century. We then sketch the political background of humanitarian assistance in Turkey for persons displaced by internal conflicts in Syria focusing in particular on the EU–Turkey agreements that led to the establishment of the Facility for Refugees in Turkey (FRiT) in 2016. In a final section we focus on the establishment as part of FRiT of the Emergency Social Safety Net (ESSN), the largest humanitarian CT program ever established by the European Union. We discuss in particular the program’s institutional complexity and the resulting risk of ambiguous consensus and conflicts of interest among the agencies involved in its design and implementation.
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Kofman, Eleonore, Franz Buhr, and Maria Lucinda Fonseca. "Family Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 137–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_8.
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AbstractFamily migration is the term used to categorise the international movement of people who migrate due to new or established family ties. People moving for family reasons constitute the largest group of migrants entering OECD countries, ahead of labour and humanitarian migration (OECD, 2017). The study of migrant families cuts across the available legal definitions of family and brings to light emerging forms of living together, gender roles, sexualities, kinship ties, and caregiving practices. This chapter selectively synthesises recent scholarship on family migration, providing insights on the institutionalisation of the field, outlining its approaches and methodologies, and highlighting emerging topics for future research. These include transnational families and how they stay in contact; separated families and deportation; the impact of family migration policies; marriage migration and multi-sited and longitudinal studies used in studying the transformation and diversification of family forms.
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Robinson, Kim, and Sandra M. Gifford. "Cities of Welcome? Urban Transitions Through the Lens of Humanitarian Migrants." In Migration and Urban Transitions in Australia, 283–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91331-1_13.
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Mantanika, Regina, and Vassilis Arapoglou. "The Making of Reception as a System. The Governance of Migrant Mobility and Transformations of Statecraft in Greece Since the Early 2000s." In IMISCOE Research Series, 201–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11574-5_10.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on the reception system for migrants, a system that consists of procedures that take place between practices of what is known as first reception and longer-term plans for integration. When we use the term migrant in this chapter, we are referring to those who migrate towards a territory, have arrived at a territory, or live in the territory in question for a short or long period of time. Unless noted otherwise, the term does not distinguish between migrants, asylum seekers and refugees. Our research is built on an analysis of two key periods that are critical in the emergence, evolution and consolidation of this intermediary space. Firstly, at the start of the 2000s, reception emerged as a concept and practice related to the governance of so-called transit migration. This period was characterised by a plethora of complex forced and voluntary mobilities inside Greece and the EU. Furthermore, during this period, the state of ‘being in limbo’ became established as a situation in between borders, as well as in between transiting (through) and settling (in) a territory. During the second key period from 2015 to 2019, we observe contradictory policy attempts to consolidate migrant reception as a formal system, including new infrastructures like camps and housing programmes, which were maintained by diverse agents and jurisdictions. The ‘hotspot’ approach, the closing down of the Balkan route and the EU-Turkey Statement constituted important impediments to the development of inclusive practices by international humanitarian agencies and grassroots solidarity initiatives.
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Bevelander, Pieter, and Nahikari Irastorza. "The Labour Market Integration of Humanitarian Migrants in OECD Countries: An Overview." In The Economic Geography of Cross-Border Migration, 157–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48291-6_8.
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Calo, Francesca, and Simone Baglioni. "Examining Non-EU Migrants and Refugees’ Agency When Navigating the British Labour Markets." In IMISCOE Research Series, 55–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14009-9_3.
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AbstractMigrants’ agency is a promising analytical tool and approach in migration and refugee studies as it shifts the focus of analysis (and attention) from the weaknesses or ‘faults’ of the migration experience to the opportunities and capacities it can generate for migrants and the community where they settle. Still, political, institutional, cultural, and economic contexts do keep exerting influence on migrants’ capacities to operate agency. This is particularly the case for migrants seeking humanitarian protection as they experience not only personal challenges and vulnerabilities, but also constraining legal and administrative barriers, preventing them, for example, to have their capacities duly recognised and valued. This chapter discusses how migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers’ agency helps them cope with adverse circumstances such as those promoted by obstructive policies and narratives in the United Kingdom. Eleven biographical interviews explore the life paths of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. The UK context presents a very challenging environment for their integration as legislation so far has been mainly based on increasing border control and decreasing entitlements, with scant attention to strategies of integration and inclusion. This chapter discusses how the political-institutional context influences the unfolding of such agency and how, in turn, agency provokes responses and adaptations from those contexts.
Conference papers on the topic "Humanitarian migrants"
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Vannini, Sara, Ricardo Gomez, and Bryce Clayton Newell. "Privacy and security guidelines for humanitarian work with undocumented migrants." In ICTD '19: Tenth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3287098.3287120.
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Aguilar, Gabriel Lorenzo. "Framing Undocumented Migrants as Tactical Technical Communicators: The Tactical in Humanitarian Technical Communication." In 2022 IEEE International Professional Communication Conference (ProComm). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/procomm53155.2022.00051.
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Reis, A., D. Nunes, H. Aguiar, H. Dias, R. Barbosa, A. Figueira, S. Sinche, et al. "Tech4SocialChange: Crowd-sourcing to bring migrants' experiences to the academics: Humanitarian challenges and opportunities, connectivity & communication." In 2016 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ghtc.2016.7857299.
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Gaspard-Chickoree, Keisha. "A GEOSPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED E-REFUGEE CAMP TECHNOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR CARIBBEAN SMALL ISLAND STATES." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/bfxs7614.
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As a result of the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Venezuela, the country has seen a mass exodus of persons into neighbouring Caribbean Small Island Developing States, SIDS, such as Trinidad and Tobago and Curaçao. These SIDS do not have the infrastructure or local policies to implement a traditional refugee camp within their shores. Findings have shown the many disadvantages to existing or traditional refugee camp settlements. However, as forced migrants continue to pour into these Caribbean states, a technological framework is necessary to capture, manage and connect forced migrants to food and shelter using Geographical Information System, GIS, enabled web technology. Thus, the Geospatially Distributed e-Refugee Camp, GDEC, framework aims to define a burden-sharing model between non-profitable organizations and the government utilizing a free and open source software approach to foster citizen participation and rapid development. The framework is developed using well-defined and tested software development methodologies – Lean Startup Methodology and Rapid Application Development. It analyzes existing technologies used by the UNHCR to represent migration and related GIS data on the web. GDEC is a digitized spatial representation, using a service oriented architecture, of forced migrants housed across the island, the volunteers, safe zones and other relevant stakeholders within the system. This camp, though electronic and distributed, adheres to the standards set by the UNHCR and Sphere for refugee camp settlements. The framework will allow SIDS to roll out a software solution rapidly to meet the urgency of the refugee problem.
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Sánchez Gómez, Juan Sebastián, and María Angélica Sánchez Barbosa. "El éxodo del trabajo infantil en migrantes venezolanos en Bogotá." In Nuevas realidades para la educación en ingeniería: currículo, tecnología, medio ambiente y desarrollo. Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Ingeniería - ACOFI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26507/paper.2277.
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En 2021 Colombia recibió a 1,84 millones de migrantes y refugiados venezolanos, de los cuales el 24% son niños. Las principales causas de la migración masiva de familias venezolanas por los pasos fronterizos son el hambre y la desnutrición, lo cual preocupa fundamentalmente a aquellos que son padres y madres quienes no tienen cómo alimentar a sus hijos incentivándolos a migrar a Colombia. Por lo cual, en 2021 Rosales estudió el trabajo infantil, concluyendo que suele ser la opción más simple para aquellas familias venezolanas que han tenido que migrar a Colombia, esto se ve retratado en el trabajo de quien relata las historias de varios niños en Maicao, donde se plasma el dolor de aquellas madres que prefieren estar en la calle con sus hijos, bien sea por el temor a que este sea víctima de maltrato infantil, robo o por no tener con quién dejarlos. En este contexto, el presente estudio busca aplicar las herramientas de la ingeniería humanitaria para analizar el trabajo infantil de niños migrantes venezolanos en los barrios Salitre y Potosí de Bogotá, documentando el uso de menores de edad como medio de producción económica, ya sea por mendicidad, generación de lastima o como vendedores. Estas actividades vulneran los derechos de los menores causando además daños a nivel físico, sexual, psicológico y afectando potencialmente el desarrollo integral y la construcción de la identidad del menor. Para tal fin, se implementa un diario de campo, a través del cual se describen palabras e imágenes que representan las condiciones, número de personas, actividades que desarrollan, fecha, hora y lugar en donde se encuentran los menores, sin llegar a interferir en el entorno donde estos se desenvuelven. Gracias a esto se evidencia cómo ciertos grupos se asentaron en algunas zonas, ya que se establecen en los mismos lugares y desempeñando la misma actividad. Los patrones de días se repiten y se identifican como factores externos: el clima, la presencia de policía y otros miembros de la comunidad. Por lo anterior, la presente investigación nace de la necesidad de hacer visible la situación que vive la niñez migrante venezolana. Cárdenas en 2005, se evidenció que las familias de migrantes buscan remuneración inmediata a nivel económico sin pensar en las consecuencias de esta actividad a largo plazo en los menores. En conclusión, los menores venezolanos presentan una alta vulnerabilidad, ya que reciben amenazas para extorsionar a sus padres, por lo que se convierten indirectamente en actores de la violencia e inseguridad en las comunidades extranjeras aisladas. La situación migratoria irregular obliga a las familias a buscar trabajos informales por la falta de información y demoras en el proceso de regularización. Finalmente, esta investigación relata la realidad de menores cuyos derechos están siendo vulnerados y busca visibilizarlos, reconociendo el trabajo de aquellos que han podido darles voz y contar sus historias; por lo que recolectar información sobre esta problemática le permitirá a las entidades públicas y privadas implementar programas para mejorar la calidad de vida de estos migrantes.
Reports on the topic "Humanitarian migrants"
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Bahar, Dany, Ana María Ibáñez, and Sandra Rozo. Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002893.
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Between 2014 and 2020 over 1.8 million refugees fled from Venezuela to Colombia as a result of a humanitarian crisis, many of them without a regular migratory status. We study the short- to medium-term labor market impacts in Colombia of the Permiso Temporal de Permanencia program, the largest migratory amnesty program offered to undocumented migrants in a developing country in modern history. The program granted regular migratory status and work permits to nearly half a million undocumented Venezuelan migrants in Colombia in August 2018. To identify the effects of the program, we match confidential administrative data on the location of undocumented migrants with department-monthly data from household surveys and compare labor outcomes in departments that were granted different average time windows to register for the amnesty online, before and after the program roll-out. We are only able to distinguish negative albeit negligible effects of the program on the formal employment of Colombian workers. These effects are predominantly concentrated in highly educated and in female workers.
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Collyer, Michael, Tahir Zaman, and Dolf te Lintelo. Displacement and Social Assistance. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/basic.2022.029.
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Displacement forms part of virtually any major crisis. It introduces a level of complexity when providing social assistance that leads to a specific, usually context-dependent set of challenges. It is widely recognised that the vast majority of displaced people will travel as short a distance as possible to reach safety, whether as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), refugees or irregular migrants in neighbouring countries. Displaced people are disproportionately hosted in low- and middle-income countries, and the length of their displacement is increasing. This highlights the urgent priority of displacement; indeed, it has received sustained attention from the highest levels of global decision-making, particularly since 2016, including two Global Compacts in 2018 (Global Compact for Migration, Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration). Although some have argued that such global summits offer a replacement for meaningful action, these events at least highlight clear political will to shift the emphasis from humanitarian responses to a much longer-term development focus. Interest in social assistance and displacement has also grown since 2018 and resulting policy must respond to this concern for more sustainable responses. High-level commitments are slowly filtering through to policy, while recent research has provided clear frameworks for analysing developing policy approaches. Gaps remain in the analysis of policy implementation and in the assessment of how to access social assistance beyond official state channels.
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Avis, William. Refugee and Mixed Migration Displacement from Afghanistan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.002.
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This rapid literature review summarises evidence and key lessons that exist regarding previous refugee and mixed migration displacement from Afghanistan to surrounding countries. The review identified a diverse literature that explored past refugee and mixed migration, with a range of quantitative and qualitative studies identified. A complex and fluid picture is presented with waves of mixed migration (both outflow and inflow) associated with key events including the: Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989); Afghan Civil War (1992–96); Taliban Rule (1996–2001); War in Afghanistan (2001–2021). A contextual picture emerges of Afghans having a long history of using mobility as a survival strategy or as social, economic and political insurance for improving livelihoods or to escape conflict and natural disasters. Whilst violence has been a principal driver of population movements among Afghans, it is not the only cause. Migration has also been associated with natural disasters (primarily drought) which is considered a particular issue across much of the country – this is associated primarily with internal displacement. Further to this, COVID-19 is impacting upon and prompting migration to and from Afghanistan. Data on refugee and mixed migration movement is diverse and at times contradictory given the fluidity and the blurring of boundaries between types of movements. Various estimates exist for numbers of Afghanistan refugees globally. It is also important to note that migratory flows are often fluid involving settlement in neighbouring countries, return to Afghanistan. In many countries, Afghani migrants and refugees face uncertain political situations and have, in recent years, been ‘coerced’ into returning to Afghanistan with much discussion of a ‘return bias’ being evident in official policies. The literature identified in this report (a mix of academic, humanitarian agency and NGO) is predominantly focused on Pakistan and Iran with a less established evidence base on the scale of Afghan refugee and migrant communities in other countries in the region. . Whilst conflict has been a primary driver of displacement, it has intersected with drought conditions and poor adherence to COVID-19 mitigation protocols. Past efforts to address displacement internationally have affirmed return as the primary objective in relation to durable solutions; practically, efforts promoted improved programming interventions towards creating conditions for sustainable return and achieving improved reintegration prospects for those already returned to Afghanistan.
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Pickard, Justin, Shilpi Srivastava, Mihir R. Bhatt, and Lyla Mehta. SSHAP In-Focus: COVID-19, Uncertainty, Vulnerability and Recovery in India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2021.011.
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This paper addresses COVID-19 in India, looking at how the interplay of inequality, vulnerability, and the pandemic has compounded uncertainties for poor and marginalised groups, leading to insecurity, stigma and a severe loss of livelihoods. A strict government lockdown destroyed the incomes of farmers and urban informal workers and triggered an exodus of migrant workers from Indian cities, a mass movement which placed additional pressures on the country's rural communities. Elsewhere in the country, lockdown restrictions and pandemic response have coincided with heatwaves, floods and cyclones, impeding disaster response and relief. At the same time, the pandemic has been politicised to target minority groups (such as Muslims, Dalits), suppress dissent, and undermine constitutional values. The paper focuses on how COVID-19 has intersected with and multiplied existing uncertainties faced by different vulnerable groups and communities in India who have remained largely invisible in India's development story. With the biggest challenge for government now being to mitigate the further fall of millions of people into extreme poverty, the brief also reflects on pathways for recovery and transformation, including opportunities for rural revival, inclusive welfare, and community response. This brief is based on a review of existing published and grey literature, and 23 interviews with experts and practitioners from 12 states in India, including representation from domestic and international NGOs, and local civil society organisations. It was developed for the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP) by Justin Pickard, Shilpi Srivastava, Lyla Mehta (IDS), and Mihir R. Bhatt. Some of the cases draw on ongoing research of the TAPESTRY project, which explores bottom-up transformations in marginal environments across India and Bangladesh.