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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Humanitarian actors

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Academic literature on the topic 'Humanitarian actors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Humanitarian actors"

1

Nagra, Prabhjot. "Humanitarians and ‘Humanitarian Intervention’." Journal of Intelligence, Conflict, and Warfare 2, no. 1 (May 17, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/jicw.v2i1.950.

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Humanitarianism as a concept is arguably as old as humanity itself. To help one's fellow man in their time of need irrespective of race, religion, caste, or creed has been preached by innumerable ideologies. Despite being such a universally understood concept, in recent decades humanitarianism, has faced increased conflation with ‘humanitarian intervention’. This paper seeks to discern the differences between humanitarianism and humanitarian intervention and will do so by examining the ideological and foundational differences between the two concepts. The two concepts despite sounding similar are fundamentally different; they involve different actors and have different objectives. This paper will distinguish between state and non- state actors and the different humanitarian roles, values, and interests they have. This paper will posit that states that engage in military interventions are not humanitarians and that the conflation of such actions with those of impartial non-state actors are highly damaging to the ideals and values of humanitarianism.

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Sandvik, Kristin Bergtora, and Kristian Hoelscher. "The Reframing of the War on Drugs as a “Humanitarian Crisis”: Costs, Benefits, and Consequences." Latin American Perspectives 44, no. 4 (December 9, 2016): 168–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16683375.

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The War on Drugs has had grave humanitarian consequences for Latin America. It has encouraged a highly militarized and ultimately unsuccessful approach to drug control, leading to violence, displacement, and human suffering throughout the region. In acknowledging and responding to this suffering, humanitarian organizations have recently begun to frame this situation as a “humanitarian crisis” to facilitate humanitarian entry into new spaces. There is a need for a conceptual conversation about the use of the label “humanitarian crisis” in reference to the human costs of the War on Drugs in Latin America, particularly its rhetorical and normative use by the media and civil society and its strategic and moral use by humanitarian actors. La Guerra contra las Drogas ha tenido grave consecuencias humanitarias para América Latina. Ha promovido un enfoque altamente militarizado y en última instancia fallido, para controlar las drogas, lo que ha provocado violencia, desplazamientos y sufrimiento humano a través de la región. Como reconocimiento y respuesta a este sufrimiento, las organizaciones humanitarias recientemente han empezado a plantear esta situación como una “crisis humanitaria” para así facilitar la entrada humanitaria en nuevos espacios. Es necesario que se dé una conversación teórica sobre el uso de la categoría “crisis humanitaria” en referencia a los costos humanos de la Guerra contra las Drogas en América Latina, especialmente su uso retórico y prescriptivo por parte de los medios de comunicación y la sociedad civil y su uso estratégico y moral por parte de los agentes humanitarios.

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Sutton, Rebecca. "Enacting the ‘civilian plus’: International humanitarian actors and the conceptualization of distinction." Leiden Journal of International Law 33, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 429–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215651900075x.

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AbstractThe civilian-combatant frame persists as the main legal lens through which lawyers organize the relationships of conflict zone actors. As a result, little attention has been paid in international legal scholarship to different gradations of ‘civilianness’ and the ways in which some civilians might compete to distinguish themselves from each other. Drawing attention to international humanitarian actors – particularly those working for NGOs – this article explores the micro-strategies these actors engage in to negotiate their relative status in war. Original qualitative empirical findings from South Sudan illuminate the way in which humanitarians struggle over distinction with individuals working for the UN peacekeeping mission, UNMISS. As is shown, humanitarian actors are doing away with a static civilian-combatant binary in their daily practice. A more fluid logic informs both their self-conceptualization and their interactions with others who share the operational space. Humanitarian actors envision civilianness as a contingent concept, and they operate according to a continuum along which everything is a matter of degree and subtle gradation. As civilianness is detached from the civilian, any given actor might acquire or shed civilian-like, or combatant-like, characteristics at any moment. The distinction practices that humanitarian actors enact can be understood as a bid for legibility, so that they might be rendered intelligible in international law and in the eyes of other actors as a special kind of civilian – the ‘civilian plus’.

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Bywater, Matthew. "Classical and Political Humanitarianisms in an Era of Military Interventionism and the War on Terror." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 8, no. 1-2 (August 1, 2017): 33–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18781527-00801005.

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This paper scrutinises the modus operandi of classical and political humanitarianism: the use of ambiguity and prescription to frame calls for international action to protect civilians, and public commentary on jus in bello and jus ad bellum. It does so by innovatively considering the perspectives of belligerents alongside those of humanitarian actors, so as to identify how belligerents have responded to the two humanitarian modus operandi, and to ascertain the connection of humanitarian actors to the wars and international military interventions that they have implicitly or explicitly called for or endorsed. The paper finds that the response of belligerents differs from what both classical and political humanitarians expect. Even where humanitarians maintain ambiguity, the intention to will military action remains present and even the documentation and reporting of violence will bolster military intervention. Such consequences will be perceptible to belligerents, who may restrict humanitarian space. When humanitarians advance jus ad bellum perspectives, the humanitarian identity envisioned by classicists is not necessarily compromised. But belligerents are positively influenced by such perspectives only when those perspectives coincide with their own position.

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Slim, Hugo. "Business actors in armed conflict: towards a new humanitarian agenda." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 887 (September 2012): 903–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638311300009x.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to give an overview of current understandings of the various roles of business actors in armed conflict. It traces the expanding discussion of business and conflict in today's civil wars, and the discussion's importance to humanitarian, human rights, corporate and peacebuilding policymakers. It shows how the humanitarian understanding of business roles in conflict has progressed beyond some simple and largely negative stereotypes about business in war to become more sophisticated. The article then looks at the significant diversity of business actors, which can determine their experience of armed conflict. It is suggested that there are six potential roles of business in armed conflict – that of victim, perpetrator, supplier, humanitarian actor, peacebuilder, and conflict preventer. Finally, the article recommends a range of ways to improve humanitarian policy so that humanitarian actors engage with business more actively and appropriately on law, business relief, and business continuity.

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Voillat, Claude. "Pushing the humanitarian agenda through engagement with business actors: the ICRC's experience." International Review of the Red Cross 94, no. 887 (September 2012): 1089–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383113000507.

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AbstractLarge companies can have both massively positive and massively negative impacts on communities, be it directly through their operations or indirectly through their influence on decision-makers. This is particularly true when business operations take place in conflict-affected or high-risk areas. Humanitarian organisations endeavouring to bring protection and/or assistance in these areas cannot, therefore, ignore these influential actors. Engagement with business actors – as well as with any other societal actor – should be framed within a clear rationale in order to deliver positive results. This article introduces the rationale that has been developed by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and offers some examples of past engagement between the ICRC and business actors. It notes that occasions for humanitarian organisations to engage with business actors are likely to become more frequent in the coming years and argues that this trend, if properly managed, offers humanitarian organisations opportunities to leverage energies, know-how, and resources from the business sector for the benefit of the persons and communities that humanitarian organisations strive to protect and assist.

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Meiches, Benjamin. "Non-human humanitarians." Review of International Studies 45, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210518000281.

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AbstractThe study of humanitarian intervention typically focuses on the human victims and saviours in armed conflict and natural disasters. Moreover, explanations of the virtues of humanitarian norms and ethics emphasise the importance of the university of suffering and the empathic nature of humanitarian efforts. In contrast, this article explores the neglected world of ‘non-human humanitarians’. Specifically, the article outlines three cases of non-human actors that expand and complicate international humanitarian practices: dogs, drones, and diagrams. Drawing on new materialist and posthuman literatures, the article argues that non-humans possess distinct capacities that vastly expand and transform humanitarian efforts in ranging from relief, to medicine, to conflict resolution. Highlighting non-human humanitarians thus offers a new perspective on the resources available for redressing mass violence and conflict, but also complicates existing definitions of humanitarian norms. To the contrary, the article demonstrates that non-humans often maximise humanitarian services to a degree greater than their human counterparts, but have also introduced changes into humanitarian practices that have problematic unintended consequences. Non-human humanitarians reveals previously discounted participants in international politics and the key roles they play in various international interventions.

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Schwendimann, Felix. "The legal framework of humanitarian access in armed conflict." International Review of the Red Cross 93, no. 884 (December 2011): 993–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383112000434.

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AbstractObtaining and maintaining humanitarian access to populations in need by humanitarian actors is a challenge. A wide range of constraints on humanitarian access exist, including ongoing hostilities or an otherwise insecure environment, destruction of infrastructure, often onerous bureaucratic requirements, and attempts by parties to armed conflict to block access intentionally. The difficulties that these constraints present to humanitarians are frequently compounded by a lack of familiarity – on the part of states, non-state armed groups, and humanitarian relief organizations – with the legal framework. The main purpose of this article is to lay out the existing international legal framework regulating humanitarian access in situations of armed conflict.

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Muntoh, Eugene Muambeh. "AN APPRAISAL OF THE INVOLVEMENT OF HUMANITARIAN MISSIONS IN CAMEROON’S CONFLICT ZONES (NORTH-WEST AND SOUTH-WEST REGIONS)." International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6363.

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Humanitarian actors have become quite noticeable in the field of humanitarian missions in Cameroon ever since the outbreak of the “Anglophone” crisis in the North-west and South-west Regions. Even though, humanitarian actors have engaged fully in the fight against social injustice and human rights, most of them are considered feeble owing to their reliance on subsidy from government and international aid bodies. This study seeks to examine the basis and the role of humanitarian missions in the conflict hit north-west and south-west regions of Cameroon. The paper further scrutinises the efficacy of interventions by humanitarian actors in humanitarian missions as concerns the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon. Based on evidence from primary and secondary source materials, the paper argues that despite the relevance of humanitarian actors towards addressing the humanitarian situation in the course of the Anglophone crisis, much is yet to be achieved as far as the attainment of sustainable peace in the crisis stricken regions is concern. The lack of a common platform for humanitarian actors made coordination of their accomplishments impracticable.

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Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede, Simon Hug, Livia Isabella Schubiger, and Julian Wucherpfennig. "International Conventions and Nonstate Actors." Journal of Conflict Resolution 62, no. 2 (June 7, 2016): 346–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002716650924.

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Whether international humanitarian norms are respected during and after civil conflict depends on the behavior of both governments and nonstate actors (NSAs). However, international conventions on the protection of civilians generally do not address NSAs, as such conventions are open only to the representatives of states. In a pioneering initiative, the nongovernmental organization Geneva Call has started to address this problem by soliciting NSAs to sign “deeds of commitment” to ban particular activities violating humanitarian norms. Focusing on the case of antipersonnel mines, we examine why NSAs would choose to sign conventions that limit their autonomy, and whether such conventions can change the behavior of governments and nonstate armed groups. We propose a game-theoretic model of how the interaction between governments and NSAs shape their incentives to commit to and comply with international humanitarian norms. Our empirical evidence highlights the importance of these interdependencies between governments and NSAs in the realm of humanitarian engagements.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Humanitarian actors"

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Patterson, Malcolm Hugh. "Private military actors in United Nations peacekeeping and humanitarian operations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613342.

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Antoni, Angela, and Kerstin Niggl. "Preventive adaptation strategies within disaster management – how humanitarian actors address climate-related challenges." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48704.

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Background: Climate change is a significant factor shaping the planet and changing the pattern of disasters which leads to direct and indirect consequences. The result is a huge amount of affected people who rely on humanitarian aid. The satisfaction of this need is the responsibility of disaster management. Only little research about the relation of disaster management and climate change was done so far but would be of utmost importance as climate change is one main obstacle for efficient humanitarian work and disaster management design, in return, affects the resilience and vulnerability of disaster-prone areas. Purpose: This thesis paper investigates the interconnectedness of climate change and disaster management. It has the purpose to explore how humanitarian actors in the scientific and operational sector of disaster management experience the impact of climate change and which preventive adaptation strategies they identify to cope with climate-related challenges. Method: The methodology is based on a relativistic ontology and follows social constructionism as epistemology. A multiple case study within the scope of a qualitative inductive approach was conducted by contrasting scientific and operational experts’ opinions about the role of climate change in the disaster management context. Primary data were gathered in the form of semi-structured interviews by applying the typical case sampling. The selected method of data analysis is the content analysis approach. Conclusion: The results show that climate change consequences can be determined as a highly relevant factor shaping disaster management by intensifying general disaster management challenges. To adjust to this development, adaptation strategies have to be established and should follow a holistic approach. The main adaptation strategies identified are localization, forecast-based financing and superior data analysis in combination with enhanced information management showing major effects if applied within prevention and preparedness. Restricting factors in adaptation are lacking resources, coordination and communication problems and an insufficient flexibility level of systems and tools. Technology application, data analysis and forecasting, as well as lessons learnt instead can be seen as facilitating factors to overcome the challenges and barriers.

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Barbelet, Veronique. "Engaging with armed non-state actors on humanitarian issues : a step towards peace?" Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14116/.

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Mastorodimos, Konstantinos. "The accountability of armed non-state actors in international humanitarian and human rights law." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612570.

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Moll, Amanda L. "International Actors, Norms and Human Development." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/18.

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A number of international humanitarian organizations focus on human development and aim to improve the situation of children. In many developing countries, states have not been able to fulfill the educational or basic needs of its children. To fill this void, international actors have stepped in to help with human development. This thesis focuses on answering the question: How are norms diffused to local communities? Looking at the implementation of human development norms, this paper examines the norms-based actions that NGOs take to maximize the development potential of children. Programs aimed at increasing basic education as well as fighting child labor are addressed. When exploring the norm socialization process NGOs use to promote programs in education and child labor, it is clear that a different process is present than is suggested by existing literature. This is due to the locale where norms are implemented: local communities.

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Papaioannou, Andreas. "Humanitarian Values on Trial: Legal Cases relating to Humanitarian Protection at the Migration Court in Stockholm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-393910.

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Purpose: The paper’s purpose is to critically discuss how a government institution, the Migration Court in Stockholm, interprets the law and how this interpretation reflects value choices and value priorities. Methodology/Design: The present paper employs qualitative research methods focusing on discursive social psychology and the interpretative repertoire of “effortfulness”. Results/Findings: This paper suggests that the definition of values as behaviour predictors helps us understand how state institutions and, in the present study, the Migration Court in Stockholm can express “other-oriented” values. Value/Originality: The paper’s socio-legal analysis of the humanitarian sector highlights the emergence of the judiciary system as a new humanitarian actor.

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Sicksch, Lynsey Charlotte. "Auguries of Innocence: Failing Failed States." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104467.

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Thesis advisor: Gerald Easter
Thesis advisor: Timothy Crawford
Currently there are millions of people trapped within the confines of a failed state, where each day they are met with extreme risk in order to acquire the basic human needs. While these situations are easily classified as humanitarian emergencies, more often than not, the billions of dollars sent in aid harms the very communities they are charged to help. Through the case study of the world's most failed state, Somalia, this thesis defines and deconstructs state failure, explains life on-the-ground in Somalia, while suggesting solutions for the future
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science

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Juma, Monica Kathina. "The politics of humanitarian assistance : state, non-state actors and displacement in Kenya and Uganda (1989-1998)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365626.

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Awan, Ziyad, and Ziaur Rahman. "Supply chain designs for Humanitarian Relief." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12719.

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Due to the unpredictable nature of sudden onset disasters the humans are often caught with surprise so are the humanitarian relief organizations. In order to quickly react to the emergencies, supply chain networks are built instantly by the actors of the relief management. Parallel to this process, need assessment is started with the help of local experts which also confirm that the response cannot be lingered on due a delay in need assessment. After wards the supply chain structure needs to be changed once the right information is gathered by the passage of time. This is not all, actually the situation of the disaster prone area and people also changes by that time which always brings a challenging scenario for humanitarian relief actors to develop the supply chain design with flexibility.Primary focus of this paper is to define right supply chain designs for disaster response and post disaster phases in humanitarian relief.

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Kirschbaum, Lisa Christina. "The illegal targeting of healthcare in the Yemen armed conflict: A quantitative and qualitative content analysis of the experiences of humanitarian actors and the Yemeni population." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388911.

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The illegal targeting of healthcare in armed conflict is nothing new but its continuance and impunity at a time when the protection of it has formally never been higher, for instance through the UNSC Resolution 2286, motivated this study. Therefore, the thesis analyses how the illegal targeting of healthcare affect humanitarian actors operating in Yemen as well as the local population. How the population and humanitarian actors perceive and interpret the violent targeting of healthcare was explored as well. This study is based on a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of 11 media outlets and 25 documents provided by humanitarian actors. As a theoretical framework the humanitarian principles, international humanitarian law and the politicisation of humanitarian aid were addressed. Moreover, securitization theory was used in order to explain how humanitarian actors securitize the targeting through language. The results show that consequences of the illegal targeting for humanitarian organisations are limited access to the field as well as the closing of facilities and withdrawal of staff due to security issues. For the Yemeni population consequences are a limited access to healthcare as well as a loss of trust in the safety of medical facilities and therefore they often take the decision to not seek medical care. The analysis shows that humanitarian actors present the illegal targeting as a threat to the survival of beneficiaries and connect this to their own organisational survival and through that securitize the illegal targeting.

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Books on the topic "Humanitarian actors"

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Cruz, Bárbara. Raul Julia: Actor and humanitarian. Springfield, NJ: Enslow, 1998.

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Cruz, Bárbara. Raul Julia: Actor and humanitarian. Springfield, NJ: Enslow, 1998.

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Heffes, Ezequiel, Marcos D. Kotlik, and Manuel J. Ventura, eds. International Humanitarian Law and Non-State Actors. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-339-9.

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Glaser, Max P. Humanitarian engagement with non-state armed actors: The parameters of negotiated access. London: Overseas Development Institute, 2005.

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International humanitarian assistance: Disaster relief actions in international law and organization. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff, 1985.

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Benatia, Farouk. Les actions humanitaires pendant la lutte de liberation: [1954-1962]. Alger: Dahlab, 1997.

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Kévonian, Dzovinar. Réfugiés et diplomatie humanitaire: Les acteurs européens et la scène proche-orientale pendant l'entre-deux-guerres. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2004.

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¿Cuál ha sido la aplicación que los diferentes actores del conflicto armado colombiano le han dado al principio de limitación, en cuanto a los medios de guerra, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2002 y 2006. Bogotá: Universidad La Gran Colombia, 2008.

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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign. Directing the Secretary of State to transmit to the House of Representatives copies of any document, record, memo, correspondence, or other communication of the Department of State, or any portion of such communication, that refers or relates to any consultation with Congress regarding Operation Odyssey Dawn or military actions in or against Libya: Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, on H. Res. 209, May 11, 2011. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2011.

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Sutton, Rebecca. The Humanitarian Civilian. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863816.001.0001.

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In international humanitarian law (IHL), the principle of distinction delineates the difference between the civilian and the combatant, and it safeguards the former from being intentionally targeted in armed conflicts. This monograph explores the way in which the idea of distinction circulates within, and beyond, IHL. Taking a bottom-up approach, the multi-sited study follows distinction across three realms: the Kinetic realm, where distinction is in motion in South Sudan; the Pedagogical realm, where distinction is taught in civil–military training spaces in Europe; and the Intellectual realm, where distinction is formulated and adjudicated in Geneva and the Hague. Directing attention to international humanitarian actors, the book shows that these actors seize upon signifiers of ‘civilianness’ in everyday practice. To safeguard their civilian status, and to deflect any qualities of ‘combatantness’ that might affix to them, humanitarian actors strive to distinguish themselves from other international actors in their midst. The latter include peacekeepers working for the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), and soldiers who deploy with NATO missions. Crucially, some of the distinctions enacted cut along civilian–civilian lines, suggesting that humanitarian actors are longing for something more than civilian status–the ‘civilian plus’. This special status presents a paradox: the appeal to the ‘civilian plus’ undermines general civilian protection, yet as the civilian ideal becomes increasingly beleaguered, a special civilian status appears ever more desirable. However disruptive these practices may be to the principle of distinction in IHL, it is emphasized that even at the most normative level there is no bright-line distinction to be found.

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Book chapters on the topic "Humanitarian actors"

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Macalister-Smith, Peter. "Other Actors in International Humanitarian Assistance." In International Humanitarian Assistance, 111–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6974-7_8.

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Heffes, Ezequiel. "Non-State Actors Engaging Non-State Actors: The Experience of Geneva Call in NIACs." In International Humanitarian Law and Non-State Actors, 427–51. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-339-9_15.

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Naqvi, Yasmin, and Olufemi Elias. "Chemical Weapons and Non-State Actors." In International Humanitarian Law and Non-State Actors, 115–48. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-339-9_5.

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Heintze, Hans-Joachim. "Do Non-State Actors Challenge International Humanitarian Law?" In International Humanitarian Law Facing New Challenges, 163–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-49090-6_10.

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Eberwein, Wolf-Dieter, and Bob Reinalda. "A Brief History of Humanitarian Actors and Principles." In The New Humanitarians in International Practice, 25–42. New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315737621-2.

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Friis, Karsten. "The troubled relationship between military and humanitarian actors." In Civil–Military Relations in International Interventions, 95–116. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York : Routledge, 2020. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429340994-5.

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Heffes, Ezequiel, Marcos D. Kotlik, and Manuel J. Ventura. "Introduction: The Functions and Interactions of Non-State Actors in the Realm of International Humanitarian Law." In International Humanitarian Law and Non-State Actors, 1–17. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-339-9_1.

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Frenkel, Brian E., Sebastián A. Green Martínez, and Nahuel Maisley. "Uses of IHL by the International Court of Justice: A Critical Approach Towards Its Role in the International Legal Arena." In International Humanitarian Law and Non-State Actors, 265–95. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-339-9_10.

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Oberleitner, Gerd. "The Development of IHL by Human Rights Bodies." In International Humanitarian Law and Non-State Actors, 297–319. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-339-9_11.

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Diab, Nader I. "Targeting Members of Non-State Armed Groups in NIACs: An Attempt to Reconcile International Human Rights Law with IHL’s (De Facto) Status-Based Targeting." In International Humanitarian Law and Non-State Actors, 321–49. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-339-9_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Humanitarian actors"

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Shamoug, Aladdin, Radmila Juric, and Shamimabi Paurobally. "Semantic Representations of Actors and Resource Allocation through Reasoning in Humanitarian Crises." In 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2014.515.

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Gribovod, Ekaterina. "Mediatisation as a Driver of Big Data Growth." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-62.

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The possibilities and consequences of the application and penetration of information technology in different spheres of society are of particular interdisciplinary interest in today’s academic environment. The methodological basis of the study was a combination of informational, comparative, systematic and conceptual approaches. Besides that, the secondary data analysis method was employed. This article examines mediatisation as an important factor in accelerating the accumulation of big data in the digital age. With the emergence of new media and the digitalisation of modern media space, researchers have recorded a process of ‘deep mediatisation’. It is noted that, in domestic practice, the main emphasis in the study of the phenomenon of ‘Big Data’ is on its technical aspect, while socio-humanitarian characteristics and effects are revealed to a lesser extent. The article represents an attempt to consider ‘Big Data’ technology as a symbolic and authoritative resource of the information society. Mediatisation and big data are interrelated. On one hand, ‘Big Data’ technology allows for the identification and measurement of quantitative indicators of the mediatisation process (e.g. active social media audience, etc.) and facilitates the processing of the findings. Mediatisation, on the other hand, facilitates the accumulation of heterogeneous data and, as a theoretical concept, allows for the implications of big data technology to be identified and for social institutions to be adapted to it. In addition, mediatisation is changing the paradigm of the private and individual aspects in media space as a result of the growth in the volume, storage and reproduction of social information in the digital society, the lowering of the barrier of access to the media age, and the emergence of new actors of communication: micro-subjects (e.g. Influencers).

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Nurintan, Okdela, Maora Rianti Masya, and Randhi Satria. "Humanitarian Actions of Médecins Sans Frontières’ Response to Humanitarian Crisis in Syria 2011-2015." In The 4th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007034100010001.

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Gutierrez, Marco A., Suraj Nair, Rafael E. Banchs, Luis Fernando D'Haro Enriquez, Andreea I. Niculescu, and Aravindkumar Vijayalingam. "Multi-robot collaborative platforms for humanitarian relief actions." In 2015 IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/r10-htc.2015.7391867.

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"Big Data and Humanitarian Actions: Role of Ethics in Protecting Children's Rights." In 19th European Conference on Research Methods. ACPIL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/erm.20.0121.

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Özenbaş, Nazmiye. "Protection of the Environment through Criminal Law and Crimes of Pollution." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00772.

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Environmental problems due to economic growth and development policies in the last century ignorant to humanitarian values has become a risky issue for the future of humanity. Since 70's it become a debatable problem in the international arena and due to the search of solutions for the environmental problems, right to environment has stated as a part of fundamental human rights and protected with law. Recently with the emphasis to the preventive functions of criminal law actions against the right of living in a healthy and balanced environment has started to be described as crime and are becoming subject to penalty in the criminal codes. With this study we will analyze crimes of polluting the environment.

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Adam, Avshalom M. "A Comment on the Ethics Statements of Global Non-Governmental Organizations and their Relation to Sustainable Development Goals." In 2nd International Conference Global Ethics - Key of Sustainability (GEKoS). LUMEN Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/gekos2021/01.

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Human endeavors can be understood at the levels of evaluating what is good (values identification) and judging what is right (norms identification). These ethical considerations ideally find expression by becoming embedded in daily activity, with the ideal often buttressed by formal laws and regulations. Commitments to a strategy of sustainable management remain principally an ethical (rather than a regulatory) issue and are addressed primarily by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) rather than states. The United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer a blueprint for a more sustainable future. Faced with the consequences of climate change, natural disasters, environmental degradation, armed conflicts, and mass migration, NGOs’ commitments to the SDGs may be expressed in their engagement with meeting the immediate basic needs of present generations (e.g., for clean air, clean water, food, clothing, and shelter) and by humanitarian or developmental actions (which are part and parcel of sustainability development strategy and its implementation). In the present paper, I will offer a preliminary exploration of the question, to what extent do NGOs’ ethical commitments encompass strategy-led sustainable development capable of contributing to improving the likelihood of survival of a vulnerable population?

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Malinetskii, Georgii Gennadyevich. "Good and bad luck of a computer project." In 4th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2021-3.

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A computer project in the world and in Russia is now usually viewed as an economic, technological or military one. At the same time, it is a global social project. From the theory of the humanitarian and technological revolution, it follows that at the current point of bifurcation, its results can determine the path of humanity to the future. I show that the results of this project reflect the readiness of civilizations for socio-technological change. The COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be a test for social imperatives and had a huge impact on computer reality in the formation of a new sociality. Book by K. Schwab, T. Mallerert “COVID-19: The great reset” represents a variant of such sociality. The analysis presented in this work shows the unacceptability of the proposed changes for the world of Russia. A study of large-scale computer projects in Russia and Belarus shows the need to bring them to a new sociocultural level, much higher than the current one. The unsuccessful experience of mass e-education in the Union State confirmed the imperative of Norbert Wiener: “Render unto man the things which are man’s and unto the computer the things which are the computer’s”. This should, apparently, be a reasonable line of behavior in organizing joint actions of people and machines.

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Diao, Shun. "From American Acts to CPTPP Rules: the Enlightenment to Patent Linkage Reforms in China." In 3rd International Conference on Judicial, Administrative and Humanitarian Problems of State Structures and Economic Subjects (JAHP 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/jahp-18.2018.79.

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Agyemang, Malena, and Cameron J. Turner. "The Presence of Culture in Student Designer Perceptions When Making Design Requirements: A Pilot Study." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22558.

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Abstract Unaddressed cultural elements have prevented the adoption and diffusion of many humanitarian engineering and global development efforts. Design requirements act as the link between the designer and the target users. This pilot study looks at the perceptions of student designers when making design requirements, to understand what aspects of target user culture designers consider when making design requirements. This study also looks at how a formal method that encourages designers to use the culture of the target user to assess their design requirements affects the designers’ considerations when generating design requirements as well as the design requirements they generate. A quasi-experimental case study methodology was used for this study. Using a control group and an experimental group, student perceptions and design requirements were collected and compared to uncover the cultural considerations when making design requirements, their design requirements, and the effects on their cultural considerations and design requirements post-intervention. The study showed that the use of the formal method increased the designer’s consideration for target user culture when generating design requirements. However, the findings do not suggest that the intervention method alone altered the designer’s considerations and design requirements. This study acts as a pilot study to understand experimental design limitations that will be addressed in a larger study.

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Reports on the topic "Humanitarian actors"

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Vera, Cesar Allan, Ma Lourdes Brusola-Vera, Maria Rosario Felizco, and Janice Ian Manlutac. Local Humanitarian Leadership: The View from Local Actors. Oxfam, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7574.

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The global call for localization and locally led emergency response acknowledges the reality that the humanitarian system is currently organized around international actors. More than the limited access to direct funding, the core issue is the power imbalance between local and international actors. In the Philippines, national and local networks of humanitarian, faith-based, developmental organizations and private sector foundations have been conducting and leading small- and large-scale disaster responses for decades. However, the discourse and struggle for localization have grown in recent years due to the prominence and dominance of international humanitarian actors, especially during large-scale emergencies. Oxfam is one of several international organizations that have signed up to the Grand Bargain, Charter for Change and other agreements that push for localization, and Oxfam in the Philippines has embraced the local humanitarian leadership (LHL) approach holistically.

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Els, Christian. Methodology for Assessing Humanitarian Funding Flows to Local and National Actors. Oxfam, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.0315.

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Gingerich, Tara R., Carleigh Beriont, Robert Brodrick, and Diane L. Moore. Local Humanitarian Leadership and Religious Literacy: Engaging with Religion, Faith, and Faith Actors. Oxfam; Harvard Divinity School, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.9422.

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Tanner, Lydia, and Leben Moro. Missed Out: The role of local actors in the humanitarian response in the South Sudan conflict. Oxfam GB, CAFOD and Trócaire in partnership, Christian Aid, Tearfund, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2016.606290.

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Parrish, Chloe, and Anita Kattakuzhy. Money Talks: A synthesis report assessing humanitarian funding flows to local actors in Bangladesh and Uganda. Oxfam, March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2017.2135.

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Manlutac, Janice Ian. Funding the Frontline: How an Oxfam Emergency Response Fund facilitated local humanitarian action. Oxfam, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7451.

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From 2014 to 2020 Oxfam embedded an Emergency Response Fund (ERF) in its multiyear disaster risk reduction programs in Asia-Pacific and Central America. The Oxfam ERF was designed as a flexible funding mechanism to prioritize small-scale, under-the-radar, and forgotten emergencies and help local actors respond to and mitigate the impacts of disasters in their communities. ERF grants totaling US$1.9 million were disbursed and supported 24 small-scale responses led by 15 local organizations in nine countries. The ERF, through the support of a donor who values local leadership, helped local actors shape humanitarian responses, and the simplicity of fund administration unlocked creativity and delivered speed without compromising the quality and accountability of humanitarian aid.

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Deng, Elizabeth. In Our Own Words: Perspectives from local actors in the Horn, East, and Central Africa. Oxfam, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7161.

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Oxfam is committed to supporting the participation of local actors in humanitarian and development responses. This includes ensuring their opinions and perspectives about priorities, needs, and appropriate ways of addressing issues are part of public debate. Oxfam advocates for their presence and participation in coordination meetings and other spaces for decision-making. We also provide support to local actors to write and publish their opinions and perspectives. This paper is a compilation of eight opinion pieces written by local actors in the Horn, East, and Central Africa region, with editing and publishing support from Oxfam. The pieces were originally published by Devex, Citizen Digital, Media Congo, IPS News, African Arguments, Nile Post, and WeInformers.

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Ochiltree, Kasey, and Iulia Andreea Toma. Gender Analysis of the Impact of Recent Humanitarian Crises on Women, Men, Girls, and Boys in Puntland State in Somalia. Oxfam, KAALO, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7482.

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Situated in a complex region of the world, Puntland State in Somalia is dealing with a range of threats and instabilities such as droughts, floods, locusts, the movement of internally displaced people (IDPs), and armed actors. COVID-19 has added yet another strain on its tremendously fragile infrastructure. The impact of the pandemic has been far reaching, affecting livelihoods and hampering unpaid and underpaid care work and responsibilities. The multitude of crises and rates of inflation have left the majority of families food insecure and without income, halted education and health services, and exacerbated existing vulnerabilities and the incidence of violence. This gender analysis was conducted and funded by the German Federal Foreign Office (GFFO), in partnership with Oxfam in Somalia and KAALO, to better help local government bodies, agencies, NGOs, and INGOs grasp the differentiated impact of the crises on women, men, boys, and girls, and host and IDP communities, during this time of intense loss and instability. The analysis provides an overview of the experiences of the affected communities, and gives recommendations on how to address immediate concerns and plan future programming.

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Allouche, Jeremy, Harriet Hoffler, and Jeremy Lind. Humanitarianism and Religious Inequalities: Addressing a Blind Spot. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2020.002.

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Religious identity is critically important to consider in assessing patterns of displacement and the dynamics of conflict and peace-building, as well as programmatic and policy responses to humanitarian crises. Conflicts are frequently driven by discrimination and generate massive numbers of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) as they flee from persecution and violence, whilst individuals or groups may be targeted for their identity or face insecurity during community activities. As a result, the relationship between diversity, inclusivity, and interdependence is key to developing approaches that address intersecting forms of insecurity experienced by religious minorities. This paper reviews current thinking and policy directions in understanding religious inequalities in humanitarian contexts and asks the following questions: 1) What are the implications of programming that is blind to religious inequalities? 2) How can humanitarian actors incorporate sensitivity to religious difference and persecution in their programming, and what are the challenges of doing so?

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Allen, John, and Caroline Muturi. A Transition For All: Equity and community engagement in the transition of water supply management to utilities in refugee settlements in Uganda. Oxfam, UNHCR, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.7291.

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Water supply schemes in refugee settlements in Uganda are being transitioned from management by humanitarian actors to management by national and regional utilities in an effort to improve their long-term sustainability. Research with refugee and host communities has demonstrated the need to strengthen the transition process. The transition in its current form could risk increasing inequality and pushing water services out of reach for an already vulnerable population. This summary report examines how WASH agencies and stakeholders playing a supporting role in the utility transition can make the transition more equitable, participatory and effective. The full report is available on the Oxfam WASH website: https://www.oxfamwash.org/.

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