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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Humanist approach'
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Wilt, Donna Michele. "Marking Time: a Figurative Humanist Approach to Drawing." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2003. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1120103-173432/unrestricted/WiltD121103f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.F.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.<br>Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1120103-173432. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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LePage, Louise Emma. "Beyond character: a post/Humanist approach to modern theatre." Thesis, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588523.
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The thesis explores what it means to be human; specifically, what characters in drama and theatre reveal about what it means to be human. It also explores what it means to talk about dramatic character; specifically, what the human's various forms .reveal about dramatic character and how such forms interact with critical approaches to character. The thesis, thus, has a dual focus but the human and dramatic character are, in the context of my project, importantly, entwined and mutually enlightening. One of the aims of this thesis is to rehabilitate dramatic character. In doing so, it works to rehabilitate humanist subjectivity, too, albeit of a sort that is modified by hybrid structures of being and identity which are informed by posthumanist discourse. Such a structure, I argue, enables humans to be conceived simultaneously as creators and creations. I name this structure post/humanist. The first three chapters consist of theoretically engaged discussions which present the post/humanist framework underpinning this thesis's arguments for identity, subjectivity, and modern dramatic character. Chapter One claims it is a mistake to view the modern human being in exclusively liberal humanist terms and employs Donna Haraway's cyborg to reveal and argue for its indeterminate post/humanist form. Chapter Two makes the case for this thesis's alternative post/humanist account of modern subjectivity by revealing that the representation of liberal humanist subjectivity as the orthodox form of the modern period may have been overstated. Chapter Three argues for a post/humanist method of analysing dramatic character that conceives it as a structure of natural and cultural parts. Chapters Four, Five, and Six present case studies of the characters of Shakespeare's Hamlet (circa 1599-1601), August Strindberg's Miss Julie (1888), and Sarah Kane's Blasted (1995). Focusing in these three different versions of modern dramatic characters, detailed analyses reveal forms and identities in process in a world - dramatic and real - that/arms character and is, in turn, also formed by character. 3
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Khatoonabadi, Ahmad, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, and School of Agriculture and Rural Development. "Systemic communication and performance : a humanist learning approach to agricultural extension and rural development." THESIS_FEMA_ARD_Khatoonabadi_A.xml, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/641.
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This study posits a model of 'rural extension' which begins from humans, not from technology or information. The model has been used to facilitate community development at the village level. The research illustrates the potential of drama and participative forms of theatre as empowering 'action' learning/researching tools to reach people in rural communities, and as a means of involving those communities in creativity and learning about themselves and their environment collaboratively. The writer seeks to integrate participatory approaches with community development and human inquiry, humanistic approaches to education, experiential learning theories, and drama education theories and methods. The central questions which this research addresses are : 1/. What are the functions and the methods of participative theatre (as systemic communication) in the process of social change and development? and 2/. How can these participative forms of theatre elicit whole aspects of local knowledge, that is, tacit/explicit knowledge, facilitate learning and foster critical thinking through grass-roots participation? The ideas were formulated and tested through intensive field experiences with Iranian nomads, Iranian farmers, immigrant farmers in NSW, Australia, and within a number of workshops with different groups of students at Hawkesbury. This includes a critique of rural development in Iran, examinations of rural extension from a critical perspective, drama and theatre as process, learning and conscientization, personal construct psychology, systems thinking, learning through metaphor, action theory, Boal's participative forum theatre theory, and action research. Finally, the study explores drama as a form of systemic communication (that is, dialogue through a number of group activity techniques)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Khatoonabadi, Ahmad. "Systemic communication and performance : a humanist learning approach to agricultural extension and rural development." Thesis, View thesis, 1994. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/641.
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This study posits a model of 'rural extension' which begins from humans, not from technology or information. The model has been used to facilitate community development at the village level. The research illustrates the potential of drama and participative forms of theatre as empowering 'action' learning/researching tools to reach people in rural communities, and as a means of involving those communities in creativity and learning about themselves and their environment collaboratively. The writer seeks to integrate participatory approaches with community development and human inquiry, humanistic approaches to education, experiential learning theories, and drama education theories and methods. The central questions which this research addresses are : 1/. What are the functions and the methods of participative theatre (as systemic communication) in the process of social change and development? and 2/. How can these participative forms of theatre elicit whole aspects of local knowledge, that is, tacit/explicit knowledge, facilitate learning and foster critical thinking through grass-roots participation? The ideas were formulated and tested through intensive field experiences with Iranian nomads, Iranian farmers, immigrant farmers in NSW, Australia, and within a number of workshops with different groups of students at Hawkesbury. This includes a critique of rural development in Iran, examinations of rural extension from a critical perspective, drama and theatre as process, learning and conscientization, personal construct psychology, systems thinking, learning through metaphor, action theory, Boal's participative forum theatre theory, and action research. Finally, the study explores drama as a form of systemic communication (that is, dialogue through a number of group activity techniques)
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Khatoonabadi, Ahmad. "Systemic communication and performance : a humanist learning approach to agricultural extension and rural development /." View thesis, 1994. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20060509.105028/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury,1994. Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean,1994.<br>A thesis submitted to the School of Agriculture and Rural Development, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, and The Faculty of Visual and Performing Arts, University of Western Sydney Nepean, in part fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliography - leaves 310 - 328 and appendices.
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Maxson, Brian. "Social Historical Approaches to Italian Humanists and Humanism." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6223.
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Rodrigues, Carla Moraes. "Abordagem contemporânea da mecânica no ensino médio." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3549.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>In the present work it is presents a Contemporary Approach Physics for High School. For the construction of this approach, starting point was the hypothesis from what for the development of a scientific culture in the students it is necessary to establish the humanistic dimension and the investigative dimension in the classroom. These dimensions include of contents under the approaches historical-philosophical, social, experimental and technological. Based on these assumptions, It was elaborate a planning didactic planning that, to be structured based on the approach developed in this work, it was called Contemporary Mechanics Approach. For the structuring of this educational planning were consulted seven journals of teaching area of physics and education in science. The search held in publications of 2009 to 2012 selected 56 articles, where at least one dimension of Contemporary Physics approach was developed in the classroom. The analysis of these articles, it was observed that the works were carried out at different levels of education and different contents. From the information obtained by reading the articles selected, it was structured the didactic planning deployed to students the first year of high school. During the application of lessons, They were developed with the students ten activities, where six were performed in the classroom and four were published on the site FISQUIM. The analysis of the activities performed by students and diary excerpts class produced by teacher and author of this thesis, stands out that the contents related to mechanics allow a contemporary approach and these narratives in the daily lesson provide information to the reflection of teaching practice. Similarly, data analysis allowed to infer the site FISQUIM expanded dialogue between teacher and students. How implications for teaching practice, the Contemporary Approach Mechanics demonstrated that, even with the own conditions of school routine, a approach that values the contextualizing and research contributes to the formative process of the student<br>No presente trabalho é apresentada uma Abordagem Contemporânea da Física para o Ensino Médio. Para a construção dessa abordagem, partiu-se da hipótese de que para o desenvolvimento de uma cultura científica nos alunos faz-se necessário o estabelecimento da dimensão humanista e da dimensão investigativa em sala de aula. Tais dimensões contemplam a abordagem dos conteúdos sob os enfoques histórico-filosófico, social, experimental e tecnológico. Partindo desses pressupostos, foi elaborado um planejamento didático que, por ser estruturado com base na abordagem desenvolvida neste trabalho, foi denominado Abordagem Contemporânea da Mecânica. Para a estruturação desse planejamento didático foram consultados sete periódicos da área de ensino de Física e de educação em Ciências. A pesquisa realizada nas publicações de 2009 a 2012 selecionou 56 artigos, onde ao menos uma das dimensões da Abordagem Contemporânea da Física foi desenvolvida em sala de aula. Da análise desses artigos, foi possível observar que os trabalhos foram desenvolvidos em diferentes níveis de ensino e com conteúdos distintos. A partir das informações obtidas com a leitura dos artigos selecionados, foi estruturado o planejamento didático implementado a alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio. Durante a aplicação das aulas, foram desenvolvidas com os alunos dez atividades, onde seis foram realizadas em sala de aula e quatro foram publicadas no site FISQUIM. Da análise das atividades realizadas pelos alunos e de trechos do diário de aula produzido pela professora e autora desta tese, destaca-se que os conteúdos relacionados à mecânica permitem uma abordagem contemporânea e as narrativas presentes nos diários de aula fornecem informações para a reflexão da prática docente. Da mesma forma, a análise dos dados permitiu inferir que o site FISQUIM ampliou o diálogo entre professor e alunos. Como implicações para a prática docente, a Abordagem Contemporânea da Mecânica demonstrou que, mesmo com os condicionantes próprios do cotidiano escolar, uma abordagem que valoriza a contextualização e a investigação contribui para o processo formativo do aluno.
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Neumann, Ziv. "Application du discours analytique dans un hôpital psychiatrique en Israël." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2021. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=7005&f=54099.
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La situation actuelle des institutions psychiatriques en Israël est partagée entre un discours d'orientation médicale mêlée à une orientation de réhabilitation. La question qui guide la recherche est de savoir si la psychanalyse, dans une orientation freudo-lacanienne, pourrait guider la pratique thérapeutique dans un service psychiatrique, pourrait s’écarter du réel de la pulsion, de l’objet a dans le contexte de la vie institutionnelle, pourrait donner des possibilités de rééducation dans la pratique médicale et dans toute l’activité existant dans le service d’un hôpital psychiatrique dans lequel on prendrait en compte le sujet au sens psychanalytique. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous essayerons de chercher un éclairage de certains aspects de la vérité de la pratique d'un service psychiatrique, au travers de l’orientation psychanalytique lacanienne, par l'intermédiaire d'une lecture de la pratique et d'entretiens qualitatifs avec les membres clés d’un service de psychiatrie en Israël, et par conséquent ajouter ou ouvrir de nouvelles possibilités permettant de meilleurs soins.Cette recherche nous permettra de démontrer à travers trois présentations de cas, l’usage du discours psychanalytique dans un service psychiatrique de l’hôpital Shalvata dont le lien avec la psychanalyse est étroit. Pourtant, la confusion entre l’approche humaniste et l’orientation psychanalytique y est grande. Quand l'humanisme prend les commandes de la rencontre thérapeutique et que la psychanalyse ou la psychothérapie devient un outil pour réaliser le but humaniste, elles perdent de leur puissance et ne servent plus que comme défense contre l'angoisse. L’approche humaniste est une condition nécessaire mais non suffisante, pour que la psychanalyse soit un discours utilisé pour guider la cure dans un service. Il s'agit de s’appuyer sur le discours analytique, faire du réel une question clinique commune. Notre analyse indique que la psychanalyse appliquée à la thérapie dans un service psychiatrique n’est pas une affaire de cadre, de setting, mais bien une affaire de discours. L’orientation pratique dans l’institution est telle qu’il s’agit de traiter le symptôme du sujet avec respect et de tenter de l’accompagner dans la recherche pragmatique d’une solution plus efficace, qui lui permettrait de mieux s’entendre avec l’autre, de modérer sa jouissance, de mieux s’entendre avec son corps, tout cela à partir des indications que nous donne le sujet<br>The current situation of psychiatric institutions in Israel is divided between a discourse of medical orientation mixed with a rehabilitation orientation. The question which guides the research is to know if psychoanalysis, in a Freudo-Lacanian orientation, could guide the therapeutic practice in a psychiatric service, could deviate from the real of the drive, of the object a in the context of the institutional life, could provide possibilities for re-education in medical practice and in all the activity existing in the service of a psychiatric hospital in which the subject is taken into account in the psychoanalytic sense.In the framework of this thesis, we will try to shed light on certain aspects of the truth of the practice of a psychiatric service, through the Lacanian psychoanalytic orientation, through a reading of the practice and of qualitative interviews with key members of a psychiatric service in Israel, and therefore add or open up new possibilities enabling better care. This research will allow us to demonstrate, through three case presentations, the use of psychoanalytic discourse in a psychiatric service of the Shalvata hospital, which has a close link with psychoanalysis. However, there is a great confusion between the humanist approach and the psychoanalytic orientation. When humanism takes control of the therapeutic encounter and psychoanalysis or psychotherapy becomes a tool to achieve the humanist goal, they lose their power and only serve as a defense against anxiety. The humanist approach is a necessary but not sufficient condition for psychoanalysis to be a discourse used to guide the treatment in a service. It is about using the analytical discourse, making of the real a common clinical question. Our analysis indicates that psychoanalysis applied to therapy in a psychiatric service is not a matter of frame, of setting, but rather of discourse. The practical orientation in the institution means treating the subject's symptom respectfully and of trying to accompany him in the pragmatic search for a more effective solution, which would allow him to better manage with the other, to moderate his jouissance, to get along better with his body, all this based on the indications given to us by the subject
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Bessey, Benjamin James. "Humanity, virtue, justice : a framework for a capability approach." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6225/.
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This Thesis reconsiders the prospects for an approach to global justice centring on the proposal that every human being should possess a certain bundle of goods, which would include certain members of a distinctive category: the category of capabilities. My overall aim is to present a clarified and well-developed framework, within which such claims can be made. To do this, I visit a number of regions of normative and metanormative theorising. I begin by introducing the motivations for the capability approach, and clarifying some of its most distinctive features. Next, I focus on Martha Nussbaum's version of the approach, and identify several problems therein. The most important concerns epistemology, and especially the challenges that constructivist theories pose. The middle part of the Thesis presents an alternative, based on the work of John McDowell, which I argue has superior prospects. Then, I turn to two further problems: that of making sense of the universalistic aspirations of cosmopolitanism, and that of integrating the microscopic prescriptions of ethics with the macroscopic analyses of political philosophy. Using the Aristotelian interpretation of its core framework that I have developed, I conclude that the capability approach can provide compelling answers to important questions about global justice.
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Ferry, Victor. "La raison humaniste: une approche rhétorique des preuves en histoire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209342.
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De quels critères disposons-nous pour évaluer la validité d’une opinion ?La<p>première partie de la thèse revient sur les tentatives des approches contemporaines<p>de l’argumentation de répondre à cette question. Les approches normatives<p>(pragma-dialectique et logique informelle) évaluent la construction des preuves à<p>l’aune d’un idéal de rationalité, lui-même garanti par un ensemble de règles quant à<p>la construction et la formulation publique des arguments. Les approches descriptives<p>(travaux de Plantin et Doury en particulier) se fondent sur une critique de cette<p>méthode :en prétendant fournir des évaluations objectives des arguments, les<p>théoriciens normatifs s’engagent dans le processus argumentatif et, en définitive,<p>produisent des contre-argumentations et non des évaluations. C’est à l’aune du<p>problème du statut épistémologique de la preuve en histoire que j’ai choisi d’illustrer<p>les limites de l’approche descriptive. En particulier, l’oeuvre du critique littéraire<p>Hayden White se caractérise par une même relation entre (1) un scepticisme sur la<p>possibilité d’établir des critères de rationalité et (2) un parti-pris descriptif :les<p>explications historiques pourraient être décrites comme autant de figures rhétoriques,<p>mais on ne saurait définir un critère permettant d’en évaluer la validité. Comme l’a<p>bien montré Carlo Ginzburg, le scepticisme de White ouvre la porte à toutes les<p>dérives négationnistes.<p>Partant, dans une seconde partie, je propose un modèle d’analyse alternatif. Ce<p>modèle s’appuie sur la définition de la rhétorique comme une dunamis par Aristote :<p>une capacité perfectible à porter un regard technique sur les preuves. Il s’agit,<p>concrètement, de prendre en compte trois points de vues sur la preuve :(1) le point<p>de vue de l’orateur qui invente ses preuves face à un problème concret ;(2) le point<p>de vue de l’artisan qui façonne la matière persuasive; (3) le point de vue de<p>l’auditoire qui reçoit les preuves. L’exercice de ces trois points de vues permet à<p>l’analyste de juger les choix rhétoriques d’un orateur à l’aune de sa propre<p>conscience, perfectible par l’exercice, des alternatives possibles et de leur pertinence<p>en fonction des auditoires concernés. Le critère de rationalité n’est alors pas idéaliste<p>ou transcendant, il est humaniste (Chaïm Perelman, Emmanuelle Danblon) :il est de<p>l’ordre de l’expérience acquise.<p>Dans une troisième partie, j’applique mon modèle à trois ouvrages d’histoire :<p>(1) Les traites négrières d’Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau ;(2) La vie fragile d’Arlette<p>Farge ;(3) The Ascent of Money de Niall Ferguson. Dans chaque cas, j’évalue les<p>choix rhétoriques des historiens (quant aux usages des preuves extra-techniques et<p>à la construction des trois preuves techniques) au regard des problèmes<p>épistémologiques qu’ils affrontent* et des auditoires potentiels auxquels ils<p>s’adressent. Dans chaque cas, je consacre une partie de l’analyse aux réactions<p>suscitées par leurs ouvrages. Ce faisant, je peux mesurer le caractère anti-rhétorique<p>des pratiques actuelles de la critique :le repérage d’une figure de rhétorique<p>(analogie ou métaphore), d’une forte personnalité ou d’un appel aux émotions<p>suffisent à disqualifier un argument aux yeux des critiques. En d’autres termes, notre<p>tradition critique est pétrie d’illusions normatives et, en premier lieu, l’illusion selon<p>laquelle une preuve pourrait être administrée sans technique. Je conclus en montrant<p>que ces illusions, entretenues par notre tradition philosophique, nous ont fait perdre<p>beaucoup de temps dans le développement d’une formation à l’argumentation qui<p>soit de nature à exercer la dunamis critique des étudiants.<p><p>*<p>(1) établir la vérité historique sur un sujet à fort potentiel polémique ;(2) exprimer les intuitions de la<p>phase de découverte ;(3) formuler et justifier une prédiction.<br>Doctorat en Langues et lettres<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Harun, Lily Mastura Hj. "Dimensions and types of Malay family interaction in Malaysia : a humanistic approach." Thesis, Keele University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261486.
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Avier, Grégory. "Les émotions, "ce que nous faisons nous-mêmes de ce qu'elles ont fait de nous" : identités et nouvelles logiques d'action du manager public dans les collectivités territoriales." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1126.
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A un moment de l’histoire où l’émotion se veut l’adjuvant moteur de l’exercice et de l’action publique, ce travail de recherche s’inscrit à rebours d’une conception faisant de l’instantané et de l’événement les modes d’appréhension et d’expression de « sociétés liquides ». Fondé sur une approche critique, interdisciplinaire et humaniste, il étudie le comportement organisationnel dans un monde social lourdement impacté par un « managérialisme » mutilant l’histoire, la culture, et l’identité de cadres dirigeants publics dans les collectivités territoriales. Réhabilitant l’approche biographique comme stratégie d’accès au réel, la recherche met en évidence un « contrat psychologique » fondé sur un « équilibre stable » fruit d’une « double transaction biographique et relationnelle » autour de « l’éthique du bien commun », entre éthique de conviction et éthique de responsabilité. Elle étudie par la suite les logiques d’action qui se construisent aujourd’hui dans les administrations territoriales, où « l’image de l’organisation » comme « prison psychique » fait émerger des comportements allant de la défection à la résistance<br>At a time in history when emotion wants to be an auxiliary driver in running local government, this research reverses the concept where snapshots and events are seen as ways of expressing and dealing with "fluid societies." Based on a critical, interdisciplinary and humanistic approach, it studies organisational behaviour in a social world seriously affected by a "managerialism" that is mutilating the history, culture, and identity of managers in local authorities. Reinstating the biographical approach as a strategy for getting to the core of reality, the research highlights a "psychological contract" based on a "stable equilibrium", the result of a "double biographical and relational transaction" which focusses on "the ethics of the common good", the midpoint between the ethics of conviction and responsibility. It then examines the working principles that are surfacing in local government today, where "the organisation's image" as a "mental prison" leads to behaviour ranging from defection to resistance
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Bond, Katherine Alice. "The utility of humanistic approaches in applied sport psychology practice." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509822.
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Llinàs, i. Grau Mireia. "Verbal Sequences: A Generative Approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4916.
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Aquesta tesi vol proporcionar una explicació a un constrast sintàctic entre l'anglès, el català i l'espanyol tot assumint propostes teòriques específiques del marc generativista dins del model de la Recció i el Lligam. <br/>Aquestes llengües construeixen les seves seqüències verbals amb auxiliars i verbs lèxics, com es veu als exemples següents: <br/>(1) La Maria ha ballat a la festa<br/>(2) María ha bailado en la fiesta<br/>(3) Mary has danced at the party<br/>No obstant, quan s'introdueixen altres elements a les oracions, el comportament de l'auxiliar i el verb lèxic contrasta entre l'anglès i les altres dues llengües: <br/>(4) Ha ballat la María a la festa? <br/>(5) Ha bailado María en la fiesta? <br/>(6) Has Mary danced at the party? <br/>(7) La María no ha ballat a la festa<br/>(8) María no ha bailado en la fiesta<br/>(9) Mary has not danced at the party<br/>Com es pot observar, la seqüència AUX+V en català i espanyol ha de romandre adjacent en la construcció interrogativa i la negativa. En anglès, la seqüència s'ha de separar; l'auxiliar passa a ocupar la posició inicial a la interrogativa i la partícula negativa intervé entre l'auxiliar i el verb lèxic. <br/>La tesi proporciona una descripció del comportament sintàctic de diverses constructions verbals. Inclou no tan sols les seqüències d'auxilliar i verb lèxic exemplificades més amunt sinó també altres seqüències conegudes com a predicats complexos ( que inclouen tant verbs causatius, com modals o aspectuals). <br/>La tesi també analitza un altre constrast que trobem en la sintaxi de les dues llengües romàniques estudiades, es tracta de l'alt grau de cohesió entre els auxiliars i els verbs lèxics en contrast amb les combinacions de verbs causatius, modals o aspectuals i un verb lèxic. S'utilitzen diferents proves sintàcitques per comprovar el grau de cohesió de les seqüències, com ara la pujada del clític. <br/>El segon capítol de la tesi inclou una revisió panoràmica de la literatura rellevant del tema. L'objectiu d'aquesta revisió és determinar el grau de cohesió entre els elements verbals de cada construcció, proposar una estructura sintàctica bàsica i descobrir el mecanisme responsable dels contrastos observats. <br/>El capítol tercer explica aquest mecanisme, que és el que es pren com a base de les diferències de grau de cohesió observades entre els elements verbals analitzats. El mecanisme és el de la incorporació (Baker 1988), un moviment essencial de nucli-a-nucli altament actiu enllengües polisintètiques com ara el Chichewa. <br/>La tesi inclou un capítol d'introducció al marc teòric (capítol 1) i un capítol final on s'exposen algunes consideracions de com adaptar les propostes estrcturals de la tesi a la teoria emergent de les categories funcionals (capítol 4).<br>Esta tesis quiere proporcionar una explicación a un contraste sintáctico entre el inglés, el catalán i el español asumiendo propuestas teóricas específicas del marco generativista dentro del modelo de la Rección y el Ligamiento. <br/>Estas tres lenguas construyen sus secuencias verbales con un auxiliar y un verbo léxico, com vemos en los siguientes ejemplos: <br/>(1) La Maria ha ballat a la festa<br/>(2) María ha bailado en la fiesta<br/>(3) Mary has danced at the party<br/>No obstante, cuando se introducen otros elementos en las oraciones, el comportamiento del auxiliar y el verbo léxico contrasta entre el inglés y las otras dos lenguas: <br/>(4) Ha ballat la María a la festa? <br/>(5) Ha bailado María en la fiesta? <br/>(6) Has Mary danced at the party? <br/>(7) La María no ha ballat a la festa<br/>(8) María no ha bailado en la fiesta<br/>(9) Mary has not danced at the party<br/>Como se puede observar, la secuencia AUX+V en catalán y español debe permanecer adyacente en la construcción interrogativa y en la negativa. En inglés, la secuencia se debe separar; el auxliar pasa a ocupar la posición inicial en la interrogativa y la partícula negativa interviene entre el auxiliar y el verbo léxico. <br/>La tesis proporciona una descripción del comportamiento sintáctico de varias construcciones verbales. Incluye no tan solo las secuencias de auxiliar y verbo ejemplificadas aquí, sino también otras conocidas como predicados complejos (que incluyen verbos causaticos, modales y aspectuales). <br/>La tesis también analiza otro contraste que encontramos en la sintaxis de las dos lenguas románicas estudiadas, se trata del alto grado de cohesión entre las secuencias de auxiliar y verbo léxico en contraste con las combinaciones de verbos causativos, modales y apectuales con un verbo léxico. Se utilizan varias pruebas sintácticas para comprobar el grado de cohesión entre los elemntos verbales como la subida de clítico. <br/>El segundo capítulo de la tesis incluye una revisión panorámica de la literatura relevante sobre el tema. El objetivo de esta revisión es determinar el grado de cohesión entre los elementos verbales de cada construcción, proponer una estructura sintáctica básica, y descubrir el mecanismo responsable de los contrastes observados. <br/>El tercer capítulo explica este mecanismo, que se toma como base de las diferencias en el grado de cohesión observadas entre los elementos verbales analizados. El mecanismo es el de la incorporación (Baker 1988) , un movimiento esencial de núcleo-a-núcleo altamente activo en las lenguas polisintéticas com el Chichewa. <br/>La tesis incluye un capítulo de introducción al marco teórico (capítulo 1) y un capítulo final donde se hacen consideraciones sobre como adaptar las propuestas estructurales de la tesis a la teoría emergente de las categorías funcionales (capítulo 4).<br>This thesis attempts to provide an explanation of a syntactic contrast between English, Catalan and Spanish assuming specific theoretical proposals in the generative framework within the Government and Binding model.<br/>These languages construct their verbal sequences by means of auxiliaries and lexical verbs, as in the following examples:<br/>(1) La Maria ha ballat a la festa<br/>(2) María ha bailado en la fiesta<br/>(3) Mary has danced at the party<br/>Nevertheless, when other elements are introduced in the sentences, the behaviour of the auxiliary and the lexical verb constrasts between English and the other two languages: <br/>(4) Ha ballat la María a la festa? <br/>(5) Ha bailado María en la fiesta? <br/>(6) Has Mary danced at the party? <br/>(7) La María no ha ballat a la festa<br/>(8) María no ha bailado en la fiesta<br/>(9) Mary has not danced at the party<br/>As can be observed, the verbal sequence AUX+V in Catalan and Spanish must remain adjacent in the interrogative and the negative constructions. In English, the sequence must be separated, the auxiliary is placed in the initial position in the interrogative and the negative particle intervenes between the auxiliary and the lexical verb. <br/>The thesis provides a description of the behaviour of several verbal constructions. It includes not only the verbal sequences of auxiliaries plus lexical verbs exemplified above but also other sequences known as complex predicates (including causative, aspectual and modal verbs). <br/>The thesis also analyses another contrast found in the syntax of the two Romance languages studied, namely a higher degree of cohesion between auxiliaries and lexical verbs contrasting with the combination of a causative, aspectual or modal verb and a lexical verb. Several syntactic tests are used to assess the degree of cohesion, such as clitic-climbing. <br/>The second chapter of the thesis includes an overview of the relevant literature on the subject. The focus of the overview is to determine the degree of cohesion between the verbal elements in each of the constructions, to propose a basic syntactic structure and to discover the mechanism responsible for the constrasts observed.<br/>The third chapter of the thesis explains this mechanism which is taken to be responsible for the differences in degree of cohesion of the sequences analysed. The mechanism is known as incorporation (Baker 1988), an essential head-to-head movement which is highly active in polysynthetic languages like Chichewa. <br/>The thesis includes a chapter of introduction to the framework (chapter 1) and a final chapter where some considerations are made on how to adapt the structural proposals in the thesis to the emerging theory of functional categories (chapter 4).
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Le, Mabic Didier. "Approche psychothérapeutique métacognitive : Vers une intégration psychothérapeutique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3132.
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Malgré l’histoire très récente de la psychologie et des psychothérapies (environ un siècle), le 21ème siècle aura connu une explosion du nombre de psychothérapies. Nous pouvons en dénombrer près de 450 à ce jour (S. Ionescu, 2000). Pour éviter le syndrôme de la tour de Babel où, devant la multiplicité des approches et des langages, la communication était devenue impossible, la nécessité d’intégrer ces différentes approches devient évidente. Quelle serait cette approche intégrative et à partir de quelles influences théoriques cette intégration serait possible ? Un courant intégratif a fait irruption dans le monde des psychothérapies à la fin du 20ème siècle, les thérapies cognitives dites de la troisième voie. L’objectif est ainsi d’intégrer les thérapies dites de la troisième voie dans une approche théorique articulée à partir des éléments comparés. La méthodologie de ces différents modèles psychothérapeutiques est essentiellement comparative. Ce travail a pour vocation de présenter une approche pratique (thèse professionnelle et théorique) permettant d’articuler les différents points communs des thérapies de la troisième voie, intégrant les approches humanistes, constructivistes, phénoménologiques et cognitives. Pour terminer ce travail, en conclusion, une mise en perspective sera réalisée à partir de la théorie du chaos et des systèmes dynamiques complexes non-linéaires. L’hypothèse est qu’un évitement émotionnel peut inscrire l’individu dans une trajectoire chaotique, à partir du postulat que les individus fonctionnent dans une dynamique (existentielle) complexe non-linéaire<br>Despite the very recent psychology and psychotherapy (about a century) history, the 21st century has seen an explosion in the number of psychotherapies. We can count nearly 450 to date (S. Ionescu, 2000). To avoid the syndrome of the tower of Babel, where before the multiplicity of approaches and languages, communication was impossible, the need to integrate these different approaches becomes evident. What would this integrative approach from theoretical influences what this integration possible? An integrative stream broke into the world of psychotherapy in the late 20th century, cognitive therapies called the Third Way. The objective is to integrate the so-called Third Way in an articulated from the elements compared theoretical approach therapies. The methodology of these different psychotherapeutic models is essentially comparative. This work aims to present a practical approach (professional and academic thesis) for articulating the different common therapies of the third way, integrating humanistic approaches, constructivist, phenomenological and cognitive. To complete this work, in conclusion, a perspective will be made from chaos theory and complex nonlinear dynamic systems. The hypothesis is that emotional avoidance may register the individual in a chaotic trajectory, starting from the premise that individuals operate in a dynamic (existential) complex non-linear
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Polizzi, David, Michael Braswell, and Matthew Draper. "Transforming Corrections: Humanistic Approaches to Corrections and Offender Treatment, 2nd Edition." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. http://amzn.com/1611632862.
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Foreword / Hans Toch -- Introduction / David Polizzi, Michael Braswell -- A phenomenological approach to criminology / Christopher M. Aanstoos -- Phenomenological and existential approaches to crime and corrections / Hayden Smith, Kenneth Adams -- Offender objectification : implications for social change / John S. Ryals, Jr. -- Theorizing criminalized subjectivities : narrating silenced identities / Dawn Moore -- Dialogue : a unique perspective for correctional counseling / Matthew R. Draper, Mark S. Green, Ginger Faulkner -- The good lives model : a strength-based approach to offender rehabilitation / Tony Ward and Clare-Ann Fortune -- Transforming corrections through psychological jurisprudence redux : towards a radical philosophical and cultural critique / Bruce A. Arrigo -- Mutual respect and effective prison management / Terry A. Kupers -- Civility in prisons : a radical proposal / Catherine A. Jenks, John Randolph Fuller -- Varieties of restorative justice : therapeutic interventions in context / Lana A. McDowell, John T. Whitehead -- Ambiguous loss, concrete hope : examining the prison experience for mothers from an ambiguous loss framework / Beth Easterling -- How the "positive" can influence criminal behavior : growing out of criminal spin by positive criminology approaches / Natti Ronel and Dana Segev -- Correctional treatment and the human spirit : the context of relationship / Michael Braswell, Kristin Wells -- Psycho-spiritual roots of adolescent violence : the importance of rites of passage / Drake Spaeth -- Transforming meaning : the nexus between the utilization of the Rogerian framework and the social construction of pedophilic sex offenders / Roger Schaefer -- Developing therapeutic trust with court-ordered clients / David Polizzi -- Epilogue : toward a more humanistic future in corrections / David Polizzi.<br>https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1073/thumbnail.jpg
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Almeida, Eduardo Carvalho de. "Análise das disfunções da organização burocrática e suas implicações para a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT): o caso de uma unidade de segurança pública, em Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11526.
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Previous issue date: 2013-12-16<br>The aim of this study was to identify the dimensions of bureaucracy and relate them to existing elements of bureaucratic dysfunction in a unit of state government, under the Criminology, influencing the Quality of Work Life (QWL), considering the approaches humanist and restrictive in the context of General Coordination Skills (CGP) from the perception of crowded servers this unit Public Security. It used descriptive research through a qualitative case study approach, with a sample of forensic experts from the 'Hercílio Macellaro' Criminalistics Institute (ICHM), crowded in the capital, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state. The method of data collection adopted for the realization of bureaucratic dysfunction was a questionnaire with closed assertive alternative multiple choice, whose response model consists of four levels of gradation (always, often , seldom , never ), prepared from Maia and Pinto model (2007 ). At another point of the view, the questionnaire was administered presenting issues that addressed elements of QWL proposed by Werther and Davis model (1983 ), adapted for the present study. For this questionnaire, the questions were presented in polarized satisfaction Likert scale, consisting of five alternatives (totally disagree, partially disagree, neither agree nor disagree, partially agree and strongly agree), characterizing the opinion of the participant. The interpretation of the data allowed us to analyze the existence of four elements of bureaucratic dysfunction : internalization of rules, too formalistic, routines and records, resistance to change and display signs of authority. On one hand, the humanistic approach was possible to analyze the survey respondents show noise in communication, both vertically and horizontally, which indicates the need for more transparency and clarity as possible within and between departments and teams in these with superiors, to provide greater understanding between all involved and eliminating conflicts that may occur through misinformation. On the other hand, the analysis of the restrictive approach to QWL in this study allowed us to observe the predominance of instrumental rationality in organizational context of ICHM, since it is geared only to meet your organizational processes based on binomial technique versus production. One can thus consider that the ICHM is strongly connected to the bureaucratic organization model, exteriorized through four levels of bureaucratic dysfunctions. Moreover, as a pretext for the pursuit of efficiency, efficacy and effectiveness, organizational praxis ICHM seems to converge to two models of production: Fordism and Taylorism , which reinforce the restrictive current of the QWL, which seem to confirm the maintenance of the objectification subject in relation to the object, that is, when it was thought that organic being could enjoy the technological development achieved in various sciences , paradoxically, what has been seen is the work as an end in itself.<br>O objetivo geral deste estudo consistiu em identificar as dimensões da burocracia e relacioná-las aos elementos de disfunção burocrática existentes em uma unidade da administração pública estadual, no âmbito da Criminalística, que influenciam a Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho (QVT), considerando as abordagens humanista e restritiva, no contexto da Coordenadoria Geral de Perícias (CGP), a partir da percepção dos servidores lotados nesta unidade da Segurança Pública. Utilizou-se a pesquisa descritiva por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso, com amostra constituída por peritos criminais do Instituto de Criminalística 'Hercílio Macellaro' (ICHM), lotados na Capital do Estado, Campo Grande - MS. O método de coleta de dados adotado para a constatação das disfunções burocráticas foi um questionário com assertivas fechadas de alternativas de múltipla escolha, cujo modelo de resposta compõe-se por quatro níveis de gradação (sempre, muitas vezes, poucas vezes, nunca), elaborado a partir do modelo de Maia e Pinto (2007). Em outro momento, foi aplicado o questionário apresentando questões que abordavam os elementos da QVT propostos por Werther e Davis (1983), adaptado para o presente estudo. Para este questionário, as questões foram apresentadas em escala polarizada de satisfação do tipo Likert, composta por cinco alternativas (discordo totalmente, discordo parcialmente, não concordo nem discordo, concordo parcialmente e concordo totalmente), caracterizando a opinião do participante. A interpretação dos dados permitiu analisar a existência de quatro elementos de disfunção burocrática: internalização das regras, excesso de formalismo, rotinas e registros, resistência às mudanças e exibição de sinais de autoridade. De uma lado, a abordagem humanista foi possível analisar que os respondentes da pesquisa evidenciam ruídos na comunicação, tanto vertical quanto horizontal, o que indica a necessidade de mais transparência e clareza possível dentro e entre as equipes nos departamentos e destes com os superiores hierárquicos, a fim de proporcionar maior entendimento entre todos os envolvidos e a eliminação de conflitos que possam ocorrer através de informações distorcidas. Por outro lado, a análise da abordagem restritiva sobre a QVT neste estudo permitiu observar a predominância da racionalidade instrumental no contexto organizacional do ICHM, uma vez que está voltada somente para atender a seus processos organizacionais fundamentados no binômio técnica versus produção. Pode-se, assim, considerar que o ICHM está fortemente ligado ao modelo de organização burocrática, exteriorizado por quatro níveis de disfunções burocráticas. Além disso, como pretexto pela busca da eficiência, eficácia e efetividade, a práxis organizacional do ICHM parece convergir para dois modelos de produção: fordista e taylorista, as quais reforçam a corrente restritiva da QVT, que parece confirmar a manutenção da coisificação do sujeito em relação ao objeto, isto é, quando se pensava que o ser orgânico pudesse desfrutar do desenvolvimento tecnológico alcançado em várias ciências, paradoxalmente, o que tem sido visto é o trabalho como um fim em si mesmo.
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Berger, Gilles. "La Ticéitude, enseignement interactif en ligne du FLE : approche didactique et méthodologique curriculaire en contexte innovant." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1019/document.
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Cette thèse se propose de démontrer combien un apprentissage hybride en «Ticéitude» (notion que nous avons inventée) peut être source de progrès, de motivation et d’autonomie et aussi de développer l’autotélisme des professeurs et des apprenants, c’est-à-dire une notion de bien être quand on apprend ou quand on enseigne.L’éducation est en train de prendre un tournent de son histoire grâce au numérique. On voit apparaître de nouvelles approches innovantes un peu partout dans le monde. Le défi est de pouvoir améliorer la qualité des apprentissages. Dans l’enseignement des langues et du FLE en particulier, le défi est de taille car il s’agit à la fois de suivre les curriculum en place et d’inventer de nouvelles approches sans choquer les uns ou effrayer les autres. Le modèle que nous avons mis en place et que nous appelons «Ticéitude» s’inscrit dans le nouveau paradigme de l’apprenance et d’un enseignement des langues humaniste. La «Ticéitude» permet de tisser des liens dans le cadre d’un environnement pédagogique riche et diversifié. Il s’agit d’un modèle socio-constructiviste humaniste qui favorise l’apprentissage collectif ou collaboratif; ainsi renforçant la motivation et l’autonomie des apprenants dans un contexte australien, suivant ainsi les différents curriculum de ce pays. L’approche hybride s’est vite imposée à nous comme un modèle à la fois contemporain mais aussi futuriste car elle permet un apprentissage renforcé, voire accéléré. Nous visons dans une société cognitive du réseautage où on peut apprendre ce qu’on veut, quand on le veut individuellement ou avec les autres. La notion de professeur est en train de changer car nous devenons de plus en plus des «coach» ou des «facilitateurs pédagogiques». Le dispositif que nous avons mis en place permet l’apprentissage quand on a envie de le faire, mais avec le guidage du professeur. Le professeur devient alors un allié! Il guide, il propose, mais aussi il participe avec les apprenants sur le réseau social mis en place au sein du dispositif que nous avons mis en place. Finalement, la «Ticéitude» implique l’utilisation des TICE mais de manière humaniste afin que les outils numériques puissent prendre toute leur valeur dans un environnement durable propice à l’apprentissage du FLE en Australie mais aussi dans le monde entier<br>This thesis aims to demonstrate the effective implementation of a hybrid approach for learning French as a second language with the application of “Ticéitude”, a practical new concept for language learning in the 21st Century. This concept is a process of self-progression that targets the development of autonomy in the learner and for self-motivation, while also developing an autotelic personality, which means a certain “well-being” in the process of learning and teaching. Education is evolving due to today’s fast progress in digital technologies and is changing the course of history. Also because of this fast paced progress, we are currently witnessing new innovative approaches almost everywhere around the world. These challenges imply the importance of improving the quality of learning materials that is made available to the general populace. Our model, which is called Ticéitude, is aimed towards a humanistic approach of learning in the paradigm of “apprenance”. The notion of Ticéitude is to create links in a rich and diversified network. It is based on a socio-constructivist model, which encourages collaborative learning; thus reinforcing the motivation and autonomy of learners. In this instance, the model is based on the Australian context following the different curriculum in the various states and territory of this country. A hybrid approach has been put in place to create accelerated learning, based on the process of self-progression that targets the development of autonomy in the learner and for self-motivation, while also encouraging the development of an autotelic personality. In today’s world, we live in a cognitive society of networking when one can learn whenever or wherever he/she wants. The notion of “teacher” is changing as we focus more about coaching than teaching. The platform, which we created, allows individual learning with the guidance of the coach (teacher); thus teachers becoming more like peers. Teachers provide guidance to the students, suggest new approaches and at the same time participate to the network of a “group focused social learning”. Ticéitude implies the utilisation of new technologies but with a humanistic approach; so those tools are used effectively in a sustainable environment aimed to develop French learning not only in Australia but also around the world
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Elfert, Maren. "The utopia of lifelong learning : an intellectual history of UNESCO's humanistic approach to education, 1945-2015." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57096.
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The scholarly literature has emphasized the strong humanistic tradition that
characterizes the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO). This study, which draws on archival research and interviews, traces the
origins, features and shifts of UNESCO’s educational humanism from the creation of the
organization in 1945 to the present day, with a particular focus on the concept of lifelong
learning. I argue that the tensions between the humanistic worldview and the pressures
placed on the organization by multifaceted changes in the political economy and the
landscape of global governance in education have forced UNESCO to depart from its
comprehensive lifelong learning approach, while still maintaining a claim of continuity.
Employing Gadamer’s (1975) concept of tradition and Bevir’s (1999; 2003)
concepts of tradition and dilemma and neo-institutional theories that emphasize the role
of ideology and social meanings in explaining changes in organizations, the study
examines the shifts that UNESCO’s educational concepts and programs have undergone
as changing actors continually renegotiated and reclaimed its humanistic tradition as a
reaction to the dilemmas they faced. I argue that UNESCO’s humanistic tradition has
been challenged by competing ideas, in particular the concept of human capital, which
presented a dilemma for the organization, contributing to internal and external tensions.
Each of the symbolic documents that are at the centre of this study – UNESCO’s
constitution, Learning to be (aka the Faure report, 1972) and Learning: The treasure
within (aka the Delors report, 1996) – are windows into the ideological struggles carried
out at their time. They tell us a great deal not only about the beliefs and ideologies of the
actors involved, but also about the “competing” ideologies with which they interacted.
They further shed light on the shifting position of UNESCO in the system of international
organizations and multilateral development.
At a time when the humanistic perspective of education has been crowded out by
the increasing marketization of education and UNESCO faces a severe existential crisis,
this study contributes to the understanding not only of the intellectual history of lifelong
learning, but more broadly of the changes in educational multilateralism over the past 70
years.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate
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Wulfhorst, Carolyn Chapman. "A constructivist humanistic approach to basic writing instruction with underprepared adult learners using the portfolio process /." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487864986611588.
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Nóbrega, Saulo de Tarso Gambarra da. "Capoeira e direitos humanos: Olhares, Vozes, Diálogos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2010. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4436.
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Previous issue date: 2010-08-03<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This study proposes to hold an approach reading between education in/on human rights and capoeira from the social and educational campaigns that integrate the programming of the Festivais Interncionais da Arte Capoeira (FIAC) promoted by the Associação Brasileira de Apoio e Desenvolvimento da Art Capoeira (ABADÁ-Capoeira). To achieve this aim we divide the work into two phases: the first unfolds in question, historicism and universalism of the sociocultural project of modernity and therefore human rights conceived within the tradition of Western hegemony. Then we tried to understand the complexities of human rights when conceived and practiced in different phenomena of globalization, which may take according to Santos (2008), two production modes: one characterized by hegemonic forms of localism globalized and globalism located, and a counter- hegemonic forms that also includes two insurgents subaltern cosmopolitanism and the common heritage of humanity. Finally, we focus on presenting a new transnational political culture (Nuestra America) entered into new forms of subjectivity and sociability and a new epistemology: the Baroque ethos and the Cosmopolitan Reason (sociology of absences and emergencies and translation work), respectively. In the second, we present the capoeira as an expression which holds a very rich historical and cultural survived persecution and repression of modernity, and today's lesson gives citizenship to society with diverse social-inclusive of children, youth, women, disabled physical etc, besides promoting educational practices of socialization in/on construction everyday culture of human rights through these activities in Brazil and abroad. It is the story told and sung, here represented by the master narratives (ASSUNÇÃO, 2005) (axes of identity construction of capoeira and capoeira´s players), which reworks the capoeira itself, reconverts itself, takes on new meanings in dialogues with hegemonic and counter-hegemonic within the processes of hybridization in the globalized world. These processes lead us in the construction of what Falcão (2004) defines as contemporary capoeira, a multiple capoeira in transit to volta-ao-mundo socialize with other individuals and social groups that can not survive, as an identity essentialized and ahistorical, images constructed at the origin and stabilized by a teacher or a group. Our study aims through ways of approach between the rights and capoeira to the achievement of universal respect for human dignity and cultural construction of the conception of the emancipatory politics of human rights.
Keywords: Human Rights; Capoeira; Education; Approach; Modernity; Hegemonic and Counter-Hegemonic Globalization; Contemporary Capoeira; Volta-ao-Mundo.<br>O presente estudo propõe-se a realizar uma leitura aproximativa entre educação em/para os direitos humanos e a capoeira a partir das campanhas sócio-educativas que integram a programação dos Festivais Internacionais da Arte Capoeira (FIAC) promovidos pela Associação Brasileira de Apoio e Desenvolvimento da Arte Capoeira (ABADÁ-Capoeira). Para alcançarmos tal desiderato, nós dividimos o trabalho em dois momentos: o primeiro desdobra-se em questionar a historicidade e o universalismo do projeto sociocultural da modernidade e, por conseguinte, dos direitos humanos concebidos dentro da tradição hegemônica ocidental. Em seguida, procuramos compreender as complexidades dos direitos humanos quando concebidos e praticados nos diferentes fenômenos da globalização que podem assumir, conforme Santos (2008), dois modos de produção: um hegemônico, caracterizado pelas formas de localismo globalizado e globalismo localizado; e um contra-hegemônico que também comporta duas formas o cosmopolitismo subalterno insurgente e o patrimônio comum da humanidade. Por fim, nos debruçamos sobre uma nova cultura política transnacional (Nuestra América) inscrita em novas formas de subjetividade e sociabilidade e uma nova epistemologia: o ethos barroco e a Razão Cosmopolita (sociologia das ausências e das emergências e o trabalho de tradução), respectivamente. Já no segundo, apresentamos a capoeira como uma expressão detentora de um riquíssimo acervo histórico-cultural que sobreviveu às perseguições e às repressões da modernidade e, hoje, dá lição de cidadania à sociedade com diversas ações sócio-inclusivas de crianças, jovens, mulheres, deficientes físicos etc, além de promover práticas educativas de socialização em/para construção cultural e cotidiana dos direitos humanos através destas atividades no Brasil e no exterior. É na história contada e cantada, aqui representadas pelas master narratives (eixos de construção da identidade da capoeira e dos capoeiras), que a capoeira se reelabora, se reconverte, assume novos significados nos diálogos com as culturas hegemônicas e as contra-hegemônicas dentro dos processos de hibridização no mundo globalizado. Estes processos nos conduzem na construção daquilo que Falcão (2004) define como capoeira contemporânea, uma capoeira múltipla, em movimento, que, através da volta-ao-mundo socializa e sociabiliza com outros sujeitos e grupos sociais e que não sobrevive, enquanto identidade essencializada e aistórica, às imagens construídas sobre a origem e estabilizadas por um mestre ou um grupo. O nosso estudo busca caminhos através da aproximação entre os direitos e a capoeira para a concretização do respeito universal pela dignidade humana e a construção da concepção intercultural das políticas emancipatórias dos direitos humanos.
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Avier, Grégory. "Les émotions, "ce que nous faisons nous-mêmes de ce qu'elles ont fait de nous" : identités et nouvelles logiques d'action du manager public dans les collectivités territoriales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1126.
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A un moment de l’histoire où l’émotion se veut l’adjuvant moteur de l’exercice et de l’action publique, ce travail de recherche s’inscrit à rebours d’une conception faisant de l’instantané et de l’événement les modes d’appréhension et d’expression de « sociétés liquides ». Fondé sur une approche critique, interdisciplinaire et humaniste, il étudie le comportement organisationnel dans un monde social lourdement impacté par un « managérialisme » mutilant l’histoire, la culture, et l’identité de cadres dirigeants publics dans les collectivités territoriales. Réhabilitant l’approche biographique comme stratégie d’accès au réel, la recherche met en évidence un « contrat psychologique » fondé sur un « équilibre stable » fruit d’une « double transaction biographique et relationnelle » autour de « l’éthique du bien commun », entre éthique de conviction et éthique de responsabilité. Elle étudie par la suite les logiques d’action qui se construisent aujourd’hui dans les administrations territoriales, où « l’image de l’organisation » comme « prison psychique » fait émerger des comportements allant de la défection à la résistance<br>At a time in history when emotion wants to be an auxiliary driver in running local government, this research reverses the concept where snapshots and events are seen as ways of expressing and dealing with "fluid societies." Based on a critical, interdisciplinary and humanistic approach, it studies organisational behaviour in a social world seriously affected by a "managerialism" that is mutilating the history, culture, and identity of managers in local authorities. Reinstating the biographical approach as a strategy for getting to the core of reality, the research highlights a "psychological contract" based on a "stable equilibrium", the result of a "double biographical and relational transaction" which focusses on "the ethics of the common good", the midpoint between the ethics of conviction and responsibility. It then examines the working principles that are surfacing in local government today, where "the organisation's image" as a "mental prison" leads to behaviour ranging from defection to resistance
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D'Ascia-Berger, Valerie. "Stratégie d'implantation d'une échelle d'évaluation du risque de constipation : approche éducative et collaborative." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3081.
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Cette recherche porte sur la co-construction d'une stratégie pour implanter dans la pratique infirmière une échelle d'évaluation du risque de constipation du patient hospitalisé (ERCoPH). Elle s'appuie sur le Modèle humaniste des soins infirmiers (Girard et Cara, 2011) et sur le modèle d'apprentissage socio-constructivisme (Vygotsky, 1997). Le design s'inscrit dans une approche collaborative (Desgagné, 1997). Les objectifs sont de co-construire une stratégie pour implanter cette nouvelle échelle et d'évaluer l'impact de cette approche sur le développement professionnel continu (PDC) des infirmières ayant participé à cette étude et sur le raisonnement clinique de leurs pairs. Cette approche a permis à un groupe d'infirmières lors de séances d'analyse en groupe (Van Campenhoudt &al. 2005) de modéliser des perspectives pour implanter l'échelle ERCoPH. L'impact sur le DPC des équipes non participantes s'est appuyé sur une enquête avant-après. A partir de l'observation d'entretiens d'accueil de patients hospitalisés et d'une enquête sur la capacité à catégoriser les patients à risque de constipation. L'approche collaborative a entrainé chez les infirmières du groupe collaboratif un développement professionnel, notamment dans leurs capacités réflexives. La co-construction de cette stratégie d'implantation de l'échelle ERCoPH peut être associé à un modèle de transfert de connaissances tel que défini par Fixsen et al. (2005) et Graham et al. (2006) dont le but est de permettre l'intégration dans la pratique de nouvelles connaissances et ainsi réduire les écarts avec la pratique<br>This study focuses on the co-construction of a strategy aiming to implement, in nursing practice, a rating scale to assess the risk of constipation in hospitalised patients (ARCoPH). It is based on humanistic model of nursing (Girard et Cara, 2011) and on the social constructivist approach to learning (Vygotsky, 1997). The research design uses a collaborative approach (Desgagné, 1997). The objectives are to co-construct a strategy to implement this new scale and the impact of this approach on the continuing professional development (CPD) of nurses who participated in the study and on the clinical reasoning of their peers. Using a collaborative approach, a group of five nurses developed, during group analysis sessions (Van Campenhoudt et al., 2005), practical insights to implement the ARCoHP scale. The impact on their CPD was determined through a group interview and a questionnaire. The effect of this approach on the clinical reasoning of the teams was established using a before and after survey based on the observation of patient intake interviews, and to assess the nurses' ability to identify patients at risk of constipation. This collaborative approach led to the professional development of participating nurses, specifically to the improvement of their reflective skills.The co-construction of this implementation strategy for the ARCoHP scale can be associated with the transfer of learning model as defined by Fixsen et al. (2005) and Graham et al. (2006), and thus help close the gaps between theory and practice
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GOMEZ, BERTA. "A Humanistic-Geek approach to Transmedia Storytelling : Transforming Users into Heroes and Authors to build a Sustainable Universe." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-81349.
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Comelles, Pujadas Elisabet. "Automatic Machine Translation Evaluation: A Qualitative Approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/295703.
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The present study addresses the problem of Automatic Evaluation of Machine Translation (MT) from a linguistic perspective. Most of the studies performed in this area focus on quantitative analyses based on correlation coefficients; however, little has been done as regards a more qualitative approach, going beyond correlations and analysing data in detail. This thesis aims at shedding some light on the suitability, influence and combination of linguistic information to evaluate MT output, not restricting our research to the correlation with human judgements but basing it on a qualitative analysis. More precisely, this research intends to emphasize the effectiveness of linguistic analysis in order to identify and test those linguistic features that help in evaluating traditional concepts of adequacy and fluency. In order to perform this research we have focused on MT output in English, with an application to Spanish so as to test the portability of our approach.
The starting point of this work was a linguistic analysis of both MT output and reference segments with the aim of highlighting not only those linguistic errors that an automatic MT evaluation metric must identify, but also those positive linguistic features that must be taken into account, identified and treated as correct linguistic phenomena. Once the linguistic analysis was conducted and in order to confirm our hypotheses and check whether those linguistic phenomena and traits identified in the analysis were helpful to evaluate MT output, we designed and implemented a linguistically-motivated MT metric, VERTa, to evaluate English output. Several experiments were conducted with this first version of VERTa in order to test the suitability of the linguistic features selected and how they should be combined so as to evaluate fluency and adequacy separately. Besides using information provided by correlations as a guide we also performed a detailed analysis of the metric’s output every time linguistic features were added and/or combined.
After performing these experiments and checking the suitability of the linguistic information used and how it had to be used and combined, VERTa’s parameters were adjusted and an updated and optimised version of the metric was ready to be used. With this updated version and for the sake of comparison, a meta-evaluation of the metric for adequacy, fluency and MT quality was conducted, as well as a comparison to some of the best-known and widely-used MT metrics, showing that it outperformed them all when adequacy and fluency were assessed.
Finally, we ported our MT metric to Spanish with the aim of studying its portability by checking which linguistic features in our metric would have to be slightly modified, which changes would have to be performed and finally if the metric would be easy to adapt to a new language. Furthermore, this version of VERTa for Spanish was compared to other well-known metrics used to evaluate Spanish, showing that it also outperformed them.<br>Aquesta tesi versa sobre el problema de l’avaluació de la traducció automàtica des d’una perspectiva lingüística. La majoria d’estudis realitzats en aquesta àrea són estudis quantitatius basats en coeficients de correlació, tanmateix, molt poca recerca s’ha centrat en un enfocament més qualitatiu, que vagi més enllà de les correlacions i analitzi les dades detalladament. Aquest treball vol portar llum a la idoneïtat, la influència i la combinació de la informació lingüística necessària per avaluar la sortida de traducció automàtica. En concret, es pretén emfasitzar l’efectivitat de l’anàlisi lingüística per identificar i examinar aquells trets lingüístics que ajudin a avaluar els conceptes tradicionals de fluïdesa i adequació. Per tal de realitzar aquest estudi s’ha treballat amb l’anglès com a llengua d’arribada, tot i que també s’ha tingut en compte el castellà en l’última etapa. El punt inicial d’aquest treball ha estat una anàlisi lingüística dels segments d’hipòtesi i de referència per tal de trobar tant aquells errors lingüístics que una mètrica automàtica d’avaluació ha de poder detectar, com identificar aquelles característiques lingüístiques que cal tenir en compte i tractar com a fenòmens lingüísticament correctes. Després d’aquesta anàlisi, s’ha dissenyat i implementat una mètrica d’avaluació automàtica, VERTa, que ha d’ajudar a confirmar les hipòtesis formulades i comprovar si els fenòmens i trets lingüístics detectats en l’anàlisi inicial són útils per avaluar text traduït automàticament. Amb aquesta primera versió de la mètrica s’han realitzat una sèrie d’experiments, així com unes anàlisis quantitatives i qualitatives per comprovar la idoneïtat dels trets lingüístics seleccionats i explorar com s’han de combinar per avaluar la fluïdesa i l’adequació per separat. Després d’aquests experiments i de les anàlisis pertinents, s’han ajustat els paràmetres de la mètrica per tal d’obtenir-ne una nova versió. Aquesta nova versió s’ha utilitzat per realitzar una meta-avaluació de la mètrica, comparant-la amb d’altres mètriques d’avaluació àmpliament conegudes i utilitzades dins de l’àrea. Els resultats obtinguts per la VERTa en relació a l’avaluació de fluïdesa i l’adequació han superat els de la resta de mètriques.
Finalment, s’ha adaptat la mètrica al castellà per tal d’estudiar quines característiques lingüístiques incloses en la mètrica s’havien de retocar, quins canvis calia fer, i si era fàcil adaptar la mètrica a una nova llengua.
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Ходцева, Алла Олександрівна, Алла Александровна Ходцева та Alla Oleksandrivna Khodtseva. "Автономність вивчення/навчання іноземної мови у ВНЗ економічного профілю як один із шляхів реалізації гуманістичного підходу в навчанні". Thesis, Національний транспортний університет, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63583.
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Hébert, Sébastien. "Représentations et traitement de la folie en France aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : vers l’adoption d’une approche humaniste." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6724.
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L’histoire de la folie à l’époque moderne s’est souvent articulée autour de deux présupposés historiques, soit le « grand renfermement » construit par Michel Foucault et la libération des fous par Philippe Pinel. Cette construction fait du XVIIIe siècle une période de stagnation dans l’histoire de la folie. Dans ce mémoire, nous démontrons qu’au contraire, ce sont les avancées dans les domaines de la philosophie et de la médecine, conjuguées à l’humanisme des Lumières, qui ont mené au geste de Pinel, qui n’est que l’aboutissement d’une longue évolution au cours du XVIIIe siècle. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons divers traités médicaux qui exposent que la conception de l’esprit et de ses troubles par différents médecins mène progressivement à un traitement plus relationnel de la folie, une évolution qui aboutira logiquement au développement de la psychiatrie. Le tout sera développé en trois chapitres, en commençant par l’exposition des théories philosophiques et médicales sur l’esprit à l’époque moderne. C’est en établissant une vision matérielle de l’esprit que les médecins pourront légitimer leur appropriation de la folie et de son traitement. C’est d’ailleurs ce traitement qui sera au centre de notre deuxième chapitre, qui explore à la fois la nosographie de la folie de l’époque et ses limites. Finalement, nous terminerons en abordant les conditions ayant mené à l’approche relationnelle par rapport à la folie, un traitement humain qui doit son apparition en France à l’évolution du rapport au fou à l’époque moderne.
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Perches, Tatiana Hoffmann Palmieri. "Plant?o psicol?gico: o processo de mudan?a psicol?gica sob a perspectiva da psicologia humanista." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2009. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/411.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-18<br>This research aimed to bring about essential elements present in the psychological change process that is triggered by the psychological on duty service on the clients; this modality of psychological intervention is characterized by a unique session encounter. One or two meetings afterwards are also possible. This study is based on the Person Centered Approach, developed by Carl Rogers. It took place in a psychological service offered to the staff of a General Hospital in the countryside of S?o Paulo state. It was adopted the phenomenological method with a Husserl s inspiration which is compatible with the epistemological principles of humanistic psychology. It was possible to make an analysis of the elements that were present in the researcher and clients? inter-subjective experiences. This modality of psychological intervention, so called, psychological on duty service, when it is practiced according to the person centered approach, suggests that the professional on duty adopts facilitating attitudes of unconditional positive regard, empathic comprehension and congruency or authenticity. These attitudes constitute the therapist-client relation and they are close in the meaning to the dialogic and mutuality encounter performed by Buber. Four narratives were stated by the researcher from the sessions, based on fragments of sessions from the psychological on duty service, which represent the essential elements of the experience, taken from the process. The narratives enlighted elements of psychlogical nature which suggest the actualization of the self-knowledge potential of the clients, along with the personnal autonomy. The concept of significative psychological change refers to the simbolization process with the meaning given to experiences, from the psychological helping relation. The researcher concluded that a constructive changing process was triggered in the clients in the psychological on duty service context. The elements that facilitated this simbolization process may be these: client s spontaneous search for help, motivated by his feeling of vulnerability the anguish experience promoted; the on duty service proposal that is limited to a single session which encourages the stablishment of an important affective feeling in an intersubjective nature; an authentic emotional availability in the professional, which is visible by the unconditional positive regard, empathy and congruency, that became essential for the important stablishment of a process of psychological growth, when communicated to the client and the fact of being in a mutual relation, in the buberian meaning, allowing that the adequate simbolization happens from genuine talking and listening during the process. The psychological on duty service as a psychological intervention which legitimates client?s emergential demand represents an important alternative for psychological attention in institutions due to its inclusive and innovative clinical psychological proposal.<br>Esta pesquisa objetivou evidenciar como um processo de mudan?a psicol?gica ? desencadeado no cliente a partir do atendimento de plant?o psicol?gico. Baseou-se nos pressupostos da ACP - Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, desenvolvida por Carl Rogers. Foi realizada no contexto de um servi?o de plant?o psicol?gico disponibilizado a funcion?rios de um Hospital Geral do interior do estado de S?o Paulo. Adotou-se o m?todo fenomenol?gico de inspira??o husserliana que ? compat?vel com os princ?pios epistemol?gicos da psicologia humanista, possibilitando uma an?lise dos elementos presentes na experi?ncia intersubjetiva vivida nas sess?es de plant?o, pela pesquisadora/plantonista e os clientes. Esta modalidade de aten??o psicol?gica denominada plant?o psicol?gico, quando praticada ? luz da ACP, prop?e que o plantonista adote atitudes facilitadoras de considera??o positiva incondicional, compreens?o emp?tica e congru?ncia ou autenticidade. Estas atitudes constituidoras da rela??o psicoterapeuta/cliente aproximam-se do conceito de encontro dial?gico desenvolvido por Buber. A pesquisadora construiu quatro narrativas a partir dos atendimentos realizados, com base em fragmentos das sess?es de plant?o psicol?gico que representam os elementos essenciais apreendidos. Estas sugerem a presen?a de um processo de atualiza??o do potencial de auto conhecimento por parte dos clientes que lhes possibilitou readquirir a autonomia pessoal. Entende-se, nesta pesquisa, por processo de mudan?a psicol?gica significativa a atribui??o de significados ?s experi?ncias ou sentido ?s ang?stias, a partir de um processo de simboliza??o. Desta forma, as narrativas descreveram o processo de mudan?a num sentido positivo na dire??o de uma simboliza??o adequada das experi?ncias vividas. Concluiu-se que os elementos que facilitaram este processo de simboliza??o foram a busca espont?nea do cliente, motivada pela vulnerabilidade desencadeada pela experi?ncia de ang?stia; a dimens?o temporal, vista como uma possibilidade de atualiza??o da historicidade, por meio da peculiaridade deste encontro intersubjetivo; o estar em rela??o no sentido buberiano - evidenciando a import?ncia da reciprocidade e da mutualidade na rela??o, uma vez que a simboliza??o adequada ocorre a partir da fala e da escuta genu?na de ambos, plantonista e cliente, ao longo do processo; uma disponibilidade emocional aut?ntica por parte do plantonista traduzida por atitudes de aceita??o positiva incondicional, empatia e congru?ncia, essenciais no desencadeamento de um processo de crescimento psicol?gico no qual a busca pelo sentido das experi?ncias vividas ? mobilizada e potencializa um produtivo reencontro consigo mesmo. Concluiu-se, ainda, que o Plant?o Psicol?gico como uma interven??o que legitima a demanda imediata do cliente representa uma alternativa importante de aten??o psicol?gica em institui??es, ao constituir-se em uma proposta inovadora por seu car?ter inclusivo.
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Fernández-Carro, Celia. "‘Ageing in Place’ in Europe: A multidimensional approach to independent living in later life." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129081.
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En las sociedades occidentales, el aumento de la longevidad ha significado la prolongación del tiempo que las personas mayores viven en sus propios domicilios. Ya sea de facto o por elección consciente, la realidad es la gran mayoría de las personas mayores permanencen en sus viviendas particulares hasta que el traslado a una institución de cuidados es inevitable por graves deficiencias en el estado de salud. Esta experiencia habitacional, el hecho de permanecer en casa durante la vejez, ha sido conceptualizado bajo el nombre de Ageing in Place.
Esta tesis doctoral utiliza el potencial teórico del concepto de ‘Ageing in Place’ para analizar el proceso de adaptación de los mayores (población de 65 años y más) a su entorno. El explorar cómo se produce, que características tiene, qué tipos existen y que mecanismos lo facilitan, tanto a nivel individual como estructural, es el principal objetivo de este trabajo. Dado que ‘Ageing in Place’ ha servido a la vez como guía para la investigación sobre las condiciones de vida de los mayores (acepción ligada al ámbito académico) y como término mainstream para designar aquellas políticas en materia social residencial y de cuidados (acepción del ámbito político-institucional), los debates surgidos de esa dicotomía son parte central de este trabajo. En definitiva, esta tesis se pregunta ¿Qué es ‘Ageing in Place’? y ¿Cuáles son los factores que condicionan su consecución?.
Enmarcada en el contexto Europeo (la tesis hace un análisis comparativo de todos o algunos países –dependiendo el capítulo- de la UE15), esta tesis se centra en explorar cuatro de los componentes que condicionan experiencia de Ageing in Place. El estudio del componente demográfico caracteriza a aquellos mayores que permanecen en sus viviendas cuantificando la magnitud del fenómeno. El análisis del componente residencial describe las condiciones habitacionales de los mayores Europeos, analiza cómo estas influyen en su satisfacción residencial, además de explorar los tipos de estrategias residenciales utilizadas por los mayores a través la dicotomía movilidad-permanencia. El componente social, un pilar básico en la consecución del Ageing in Place, analiza los mecanismos de apoyo tanto formales como informales, que permiten a los mayores compensar la posible pérdida de funcionalidad debido a la edad. En este sentido, el papel de la familia como proveedora de cuidados es esencial y por eso constituye un eje central el análisis. Por último, el componente individual, investiga a cerca de los factores que influyen las preferencias de los mayores en lo relativo al lugar donde desean pasar sus años de vejez; en la casa propia, en la casa de un familiar o en una institución de cuidados.
Las dos principales fuentes estadísticas de esta tesis son de ámbito europeo; Survey of Ageing, Retirement and Health in Europe (SHARE) y la Encuesta Europea de Condiciones de Vida (EU-SILC), permiten hacer una comparativa entre distintos países Europeos. El objetivo es testar si el eje Norte-Sur que dibujan tanto el tipo de organización del Estado del Bienestar como los rasgos culturales que condicionan las relaciones familiares influencian la manera en que Ageing in Place es llevado a cabo en las distintas regiones del continente. El análisis empírico se realiza mediante técnicas multivariantes que van desde la regresión logística hasta distintas aplicaciones de los modelos Logit y Probit.
Los resultados obtenidos invitan a reflexionar sobre la vejez, las nuevas identidades de los mayores, y los discursos generados en torno al envejecimiento demográfico. Este trabajo también contribuye al debate sobre el papel que la familia y los estados tienen en la provisión de cuidados a los mayores dependientes subrayando las importantes diferencias existentes dentro del contexto Europeo.<br>In the industrialised countries, the longevity increase has lead into the extension of the time that elderly people remain in their homes. Whether de facto or by election, the reality is that the vast majority of older people are living in a private accommodation until a severe decline in health status forces a move towards a nursing institution. This experience, the fact to remain at home in later life, has been conceptualised as ‘Ageing in Place’ or ‘Independent Living’.
This thesis has utilised the ‘ageing in place’ concept to explore the multidimensional relationship among older people and their living environment that permit them to remain at home despite changes in their living conditions due to ageing process. The aim has been to analyse how independent living is attained, what are its caracteristics and strategies that shape its development, and what the mechanisms enhance it. Given that ‘Ageing in Place’ notion have been used simoutanoeusly in the scientific field and in the institutional ambit, that has convert it in the mainstrean term under which present the social, care and housing policies in Europe, the emergents debates from this dichotomy are a central part of this investigation. All in all, the questions that this thesis sets out are “what we are talking about when we talk about ageing in place’ and “which factors that condition the ageing in palce experience?”.
Focused in the European context, this thesis performs a cross-national analysis among the EU15 countries, exploring four components of Ageing in Place experience. The study of the demographic component aims to caractherise the profiles of those elderly people that remain living at home, quantifiying the magnitude of the phenomenon and highlighting the similarities and divergences among regions. The residential component analyse the living conditions of older Europeans, besides to analyse to what extent these conditions shape the residential satisfaction in later life. The social component of Ageing in Place is analysed idetifiying the support mechanisms, both formal or informal, that help older people to remain living in their own home. The role of family networks is essential in care provission, reason why family ties is a core aspect of the analysis. This thesis also aims to shed light on the individual component of ageing in place, investigating about the aspects that condition the ideal images that older people maintain about the best enviroment to growing older; in the own home, co-residing with a relative or in an institution. The spatial scope of this last analysis only consider one country: Spain.
The two main data sources used are cross-European: Survey of Ageing, Retirement and Health in Europe (SHARE) and the European Union Statistics of Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), allowing the cross-national perspective. The objective is to assess if the North-South gradient based in the development of welfare states and the socio-cultural diversity in family relationships determine the way older people is ageing at home in the different regions of the continent. The empirical analysis is developed by means of multivariate techniques, from Logistic Regression models, to distinct applications of Discrete Choice Models, as Logit or Probit.
The empirical results obtained invite to reflect about ageing, the new identities of older people and the discourses generated by demographic change. This work also contributes to the debate about the role that families and states have on well-being in later life.
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FERREIRA, Larissa Batistão Bernardes. "Desenvolvimento e educação: uma análise do desenvolvimento de capacidades humanas no CEFET-MG." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2015. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/761.
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Este trabalho utilizou como principais referenciais a teoria do Desenvolvimento como liberdade, perspectiva que tem como principal característica considerar que a aquisição de liberdades individuais é o fim e o meio do processo de desenvolvimento, e a Abordagem de Capacidade, que permite o estudo de tal processo. Seu objetivo principal foi examinar se a unidade do CEFET-MG, localizada em Varginha, possibilita o desenvolvimento de capacidades em seus alunos. Para tanto, buscou-se apreender as oportunidades que essa organização oferecia e se os estudantes as reconheciam e aproveitavam. Essa pesquisa foi feita nos anos de 2014 e 2015; caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso exploratório e descritivo e, para a análise, foram utilizadas a Abordagem de Capacidade e a Análise de Conteúdo. Este trabalho também desenvolveu um material de coleta e análise de dados, baseado em cinco capacidades essenciais, conforme a Abordagem de Capacidade e os estudos sobre educação e desenvolvimento. Como resultado, a unidade do CEFET-MG, localizada em Varginha, oferece oficialmente diversas oportunidades de participação política a seus alunos do ensino integrado, mas não oferece efetivamente, com incentivos e práticas rotineiras. Oferece oportunidades para o desenvolvimento de capacidades sociais; capacidades econômicas; oferece oportunidades de transparência e boas relações e possibilita o desenvolvimento das capacidades de imaginação, pensamento e razão, de forma autônoma e orientada intelectual e moralmente. Porém, apresentou, também, várias limitações na análise dessas oportunidades. Os alunos demonstraram aproveitar as oportunidades oferecidas pela escola, bem como perceberem suas falhas. Foi possível notar que muitas capacidades que os alunos demonstravam tinham relação com a escola, mas também iam além dela. Ficou evidente o peso que a escola e os docentes têm no desenvolvimento de capacidades dos alunos e a incoerência que atingia a escola estudada, pois, na medida em que deveria desenvolver capacidades em seus alunos, ela também demonstrou esperar a iniciativa por parte deles. Por fim, a Abordagem de Capacidade se mostrou viável como método de pesquisa, por permitir a análise multidimensional de uma organização. Este trabalho fica como exemplo de exploração da Abordagem em estudos sobre educação e desenvolvimento e fica também como material para comparações futuras com outras escolas.<br>This paper used as the main theory the Development as freedom, perspective whose main feature is to consider that the acquisition of individual freedoms is the end and the middle of the development process, and the Capability Approach, which allows the study of this process. The principal objective was to examine whether the unity of CEFET-MG, located in Varginha, enables the development of capabilities in their students. To this end, it sought the opportunities that this organization offered and if the students recognized and appropriated them. This survey was conducted in the years 2014 and 2015; It was characterized as a exploratory and descriptive case study, and for the analysis, we used the Capability Approach and Content Analysis. This paper also developed a material for data collection and analysis, based on five essential capabilities, according to the Capacity Approach and the studies about education and development. As a result, the unity of CEFET-MG, located in Varginha, officially offers various political participation opportunities to its students of integrated education, but does not offer effectively, through incentives and routine practices. It provides opportunities to develop social capabilities; economic capabilities; It offers transparency and good relations, and enables opportunities of development of sense, imagination, thought and reason, autonomously, intellectual and morally oriented; but also presented several limitations in the analysis of these opportunities. The students have demonstrated to seize the opportunities offered by the school and to realize their faults. It was noticeable that many capabilities that students have demonstrated had relationship with the school, but also went beyond it. It was evident the weight that school and teachers exercised in development of students' capabilities, and the inconsistency that reached the studied school, because to the extent that it should develop capabilities in their students, also demonstrated to wait the initiative of students. Finally, the Capability Approach proved viable as a research method, because allows multidimensional analysis of an organization. This paper remain an example of exploitation of this approach in studies of education and development, and remain also as a material for future comparisons with other schools.
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Wilson, Lisa. "Rescuing personal meaning and humanity in a medicalised society : a counselling psychology approach to understanding and working with traumatic experiences." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2249/.
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Chamundeeswari, Kuppuswamy. "The human genome as the 'common heritage of humanity' : a human rights approach to international legal governance of the human genome." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440911.
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Picazo, Jaque Claudia. "An approach to occasion-sensitivity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/662889.
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The aim of this dissertation is to explore the hypothesis that language is occasion- sensitive. To hold that language is occasion-sensitive is to hold that the truth-conditions of most of our utterances depend on the occasion of use in a way that is not determined by meaning. In chapter 1, I reconstruct what I take to be Travis’ main arguments. Travis casts doubt on the existence of representations that are free of occasion-sensitivity by presenting a number of examples involving shifts in truth-value. In chapter 2, I set out to defend the claim that language is occasion-sensitive against minimalist and indexicalists replies to Travis’ arguments. In order to do so, I distinguish the Principle of Compositionality from what I call Semantic Propositionalism. Advocates of occasion-sensitivity reject only the latter. I argue that neither minimalist nor indexicalist accounts succeed in their defence of Semantic Propositionalism vis-à-vis Travis cases. Minimalists find themselves in an unstable position. In order to secure minimal propositions, they need to dismiss common reactions to Travis cases. But this casts doubt on the possibility of finding out what the literal satisfaction conditions of the expressions used in Travis cases are. Indexicalism tries to secure Semantic Propositionalism by claiming that some predicates are context-dependent. If they are to be a defence of Semantic Propositionalism, indexicalist theories must fulfill two conditions. First, they must provide a set of necessary and sufficient variables. Second, they must not have recourse to pragmatic interpretation. I argue that current proposals do not succeed in fulfilling both conditions. Chapter 3 addresses the question whether mental representations are occasion-sensitive. I focus on Fodor’s arguments and on Carston’s theory of ad hoc concepts. The productivity argument has it that the best explanation to the productivity of thought is compositionality, and mental representations being compositional prevents them from being underdetermined. The argument from equivocation is based on the idea that only a non-equivocal mental representation can resolve a linguistic equivocation. I argue that neither argument work. The productivity argument only establishes Meaning Compositionality, something compatible with (truth-conditional) Underdeterminacy. As to equivocation, the context of use can solve the equivocation in absence of a non-equivocal mental representation. I also argue that if Carston’s ad hoc concepts are created on line, then she cannot avail herself of the productivity argument. An additional aim of chapter 3 is to distinguish Type-Underdeterminacy from Token-Underdeterminacy. I argue that there are reasons to think that even tokens suffer from some Underdeterminacy in the sense that they only determine a partial function from states of a fairs to truth-values. Instead of relying on occasion-insensitive mental representation or having recourse to occasion-insensitive structured propositions, occasion-sensitivity calls for a non-standard notion of utterance content. The aim of chapter 4 is to provide such a notion. I hold that Austinian propositions, conceived as including a lekton and an activity, can do the work. To different activities correspond different criteria of applicability for words. Thus, adopting a situationalist framework, we can think of the truth-conditional content of an utterance as including not only the conventional meaning of the sentence uttered but also the activity against which it is evaluated. This notion of content is compatible with Token- Underdeterminacy. After having put forward this notion of utterance content, I discuss a potential problem for the approach. If activities are very finely individuated, as the possibility of creating complex Travis cases recommends, then sharing content across contexts will be diffcult to achieve. I argue that this problem can be solved by having Austinian propositions with different granularities, thus adopting a form of multi- propositionalism. In chapter 5 I address the question whether phenomenon that Travis has detected is compatible with standard semantic theories (in the sense of theories of truth-conditions). Semantic theories have been seen as an explanation of our ability to interpret speech. Advocates of occasion-sensitivity and similar pragmatic views are under pressure to show that their rejection of certain theories is compatible with a plausible account of our ability to grasp truth-conditions. I argue that occasion-sensitivity, and in particular the notion of truth-conditional content introduced in chapter 4, is compatible with there being systematic connections between activities and truth-conditions, which can be used to account for our ability to interpret speech.
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Sixhaso, Linda Patience. "Evaluating the progress towards the implementation of the National Development Plan with specific reference to early childhood development: The case of early childhood development centres in Site-B Khayelitsha 2012-2018." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6693.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPA<br>The historic social and economic inequalities had a negative impact on majority of young
children in South Africa. This dates back to post-apartheid era where the development of
young children. of some previously disadvantaged communities, has been weakened by
inadequate access to health care, quality education, social service and quality nutrition.
The present study evaluated the progress made on the implementation of the National
Development Plan (NDP) 2030 using a case study of Early Childhood Development (ECO)
centres in Site-B Township based in Khayelitsha. To support the notion of "leaving no one
behind and universal access to education", the study used a Humanistic Approach Theory
Framework and Human Capital Approach to determine the current status of the formalisation
of the ECD centres, infrastructure and equipment, basic service delivery as well as safety at
the ECD centres in Site-B.
The study adopted a qualitative research design using a semi structured face-to-face interview
schedules with respondents. Purposive sampling was applied to select the critical case
perceived useful for the study. It comprised of 20 respondents, all principals or owners of the
selected ECD centres. ECD centres were selected from the database obtained from the
Department of Social Development (DSD) and the Department of Basic Education (DBE).
From the samples, the study revealed that even though a lot has been done by different
stakeholders to support Early Childhood Development, learning centres located in historically
disadvantaged areas such as Site-B still face a number of challenges. Key among them are:
challenges to comply with the registration process and lack of trained and skilled teachers;
inadequate funding to meet compliance standards; insufficient infrastructure and educational
equipment and lack of support for ECO safety and security measures and health related
emergencies.
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Oliveira, CÃlia Maria Soares de. "EducaÃÃo sexual na escola - concepÃÃes e prÃticas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3833.
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O presente estudo analisa a prÃtica pedagÃgica da educaÃÃo sexual em duas escolas de ensino fundamental no municÃpio de Floriano-PI. A seleÃÃo das escolas se deu mediante os seguintes critÃrios: ser uma de natureza pÃblica e outra particular; possuir ensino fundamental de quinta a oitava sÃrie, nos turnos manhà e/ou tarde; possuir em seu quadro funcional, alÃm do professor de ciÃncias, outros que trabalhem a educaÃÃo sexual. A pesquisa à qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. Professores e alunos foram entrevistados no intuito de melhor caracterizar essa prÃtica educativa. Com esse estudo, conclui-se que as escolas pesquisadas desenvolvem dois tipos principais de educaÃÃo sexual: uma oculta e outra explÃcita, com abordagens mÃdica, pedagÃgica e polÃtica. Os professores demonstram maturidade e entendimento de suas limitaÃÃes e de possibilidades de concretizar a educaÃÃo sexual como prÃtica educativa escolar. E, ainda, concebem a escola como um local ideal para esse exercÃcio pedagÃgico. No entanto, hà consenso apenas que pessoas devidamente capacitadas devam exercÃ-la. Para os alunos, a educaÃÃo sexual à importante e se faz necessÃria por fazÃ-los refletir. Todavia, a falta de integraÃÃo e de sistematizaÃÃo dos conteÃdos abordados, dentre outros fatores, sÃo os que fazem com que a educaÃÃo sexual aconteÃa de forma ainda frÃgil na realidade estudada. Como protagonistas dessa realidade, os prÃprios alunos sugeriram a educaÃÃo sexual que gostariam de ter na escola; contudo, cabe aos educadores repensarem as possibilidades institucionais da escola, repensar o processo burocrÃtico, percebendo-o como uma forÃa capitalizadora da unidade e, portanto, uma questÃo polÃtica e nÃo apenas funcional.<br>The present study is a qualitative case study research, which aims to analyze the pedagogic practice of sexual education in two schools of elementary teaching in Floriano, state of PiauÃ. The selection of the schools was done by the following criteria: one school must be a public school and the other one must be a private school; both of them must be elementary teaching schools, teaching from 5th to 8th grade, with morning and/or afternoon sessions; both schools must have a sexual education teacher in its staff in addition to the Science teacher. Teachers and students were interviewed with the intention to characterize better the educational practice. Through this study it is possible to conclude that the researched schools develop two main kind of sexual education: an occult one and an explicit one, with medical, pedagogic and politic approaches. The teachers show maturity and understanding about their limitations and possibilities of realizing sexual education as an educational practice of the school. Besides, they conceive the school as the perfect place for that pedagogic exercise. However, they agree that only properly qualified people should exercise it. For the students, sexual education is important and necessary for making them reflect about it. Nevertheless, the lack of integration and systematization of the approached contents, among other factors, makes sexual education happens in a still fragile way in the studied reality. As the main characters of that reality, the students themselves suggested what sexual education they would like to have at school. Yet, it is up to the teachers to ponder about the institutional possibilities of the school and to think over the bureaucratic process perceiving it as a capital force of the unit and, therefore, a political and not only functional subject.
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Oliveira, Juliano de Almeida. "Levinas fenomenólogo? investigação a partir do conceito intencionalidade da consciência." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11834.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-27<br>This work wishes to investigate the writings of Levinas, from the perspective of the intentionality of consciousness in order to check the plausibility of considering it or not linked to the phenomenological approach, initiated by Husserl. In the three chapters which make up, we seek to provide: a) the thought of Husserl, array of contemporary phenomenology, in his theoretical and historical context, emphasizing the fundamental concept of intentionality animating consciousness, b) the first contact Emmanuel Levinas and the phenomenology and its interpretation of Husserl in this doctoral thesis which he defended in 1930, which highlighted his ontological reading of the Husserlian project, and in particular the understanding of intentionality - the essence of subjectivity - as transcendence c) the development and maturation of Levinasian philosophy, always in dialogue with the phenomenology, in which the ethical vision of otherness, based on the face of another, shall exercise primary role and serves as a criterion for evaluating the concept of intentionality, particularly his theory, which priority is to give way to a pre-theoretical dimension of consciousness - consciousness unintentional. We reach the conclusion that, if not in appearance sought by Husserl, the first momentum of intentionality - out of himself as his own constituent status - remains a strong point of the thought of Levinas and to suggest a Levinasian posterity of Husserl, to beyond all apparent total collapse<br>O presente trabalho deseja investigar os escritos de Levinas, a partir do prisma da intencionalidade da consciência, a fim de se verificar a plausibilidade de considerá-lo vinculado ou não ao pensamento fenomenológico, iniciado por Husserl. Nos três capítulos em que se articula, busca-se apresentar: a) o pensamento de Husserl, matriz da fenomenologia contemporânea, em seu contexto histórico e teórico, ressaltando o conceito fundamental de intencionalidade que anima a consciência; b) os primeiros contatos de Emmanuel Levinas com a fenomenologia e sua interpretação de Husserl presente na tese doutoral que defendeu em 1930, em que se destacam sua leitura ontológica do projeto husserliano e, em particular, a compreensão da intencionalidade essência da subjetividade como transcendência; c) o desenvolvimento e amadurecimento da filosofia levinasiana, sempre em diálogo com a fenomenologia, em que a visão ética da alteridade, fundada sobre o rosto do outro, passa a exercer papel de primeira grandeza e serve de critério para avaliar o conceito de intencionalidade, sobretudo aquela teórica, cuja primazia vem ceder espaço a uma dimensão pré-teórica da consciência a consciência não-intencional. Chega-se à conclusão de que, ainda que não no aspecto visado por Husserl, o dinamismo primeiro da intencionalidade saída de si como próprio elemento constitutivo originário permanece como ponto forte do pensamento de Levinas e permite afirmar uma posteridade levinasiana de Husserl, para além de toda aparente ruptura total
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Silva, Benino Sebastião da. "A abordagem geométrica no tratamento das funções." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/890.
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Este trabalho propõe investigar o significado da abordagem geométrica para o estudo das funções,
e certificar-se de como ela pode contribuir para a aquisição de competências em outras áreas
do conhecimento. Para tanto foram realizadas entrevistas com professores de outras áreas do
conhecimento, além da aplicação de atividades a uma turma do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio.
Dos professores foram ouvidos relatos de como os gráficos de funções se apresentam em suas
disciplinas, a habilidade dos alunos em lidar com esses gráficos e de como seria possível sanar
possíveis dificuldades. Aos alunos foram aplicadas atividades que constam nos livros didáticos
de outras disciplinas, a saber, Física, Química, Geografia, Biologia e Sociologia, com as devidas
adaptações aos estudo do conceito de função. O que nos permitiu avaliar a compreensão e
assimilação dos conteúdos. Os resultados nos leva a ressaltar a importância da abordagem
geométrica das funções, não só no estudo da Matemática, como também, na relação dessa com
outras disciplinas.<br>This work proposes to investigate the meaning of the geometric approach for the study of the
functions, and to make sure how it can contribute to the acquisition of competences in Other
areas of knowledge. For that purpose, an interview was conducted with teachers from other
areas of knowledge, besides the application of activities to a class of the first year of High
School. From the teachers were heard reports of how the function graphs present themselves
in their disciplines,the students’ ability to give you these graphs, and how you could remedy
possible difficulties. Activities were applied to students Which are included in textbooks of other
disciplines, namely Physics, Chemistry, Geography, Biology and Sociology, with appropriate
adaptations to the study of the concepts of functions.The results lead us to emphasize the
importance of the geometric approach of functions, not only in the study of Mathematics, but
also in the relation of this with other disciplines.
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Faivre, Hélène. "Odorat et humanité : approche de l'intégration de la sensorialité odorative et de la signification de l'univers olfactif contemporain." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOL016.
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Nous assistons aujourd’hui à une contestation de l’effort réductionniste par de nombreuses tentatives d’appréhender l’existence dans son unicité âme-corps. Or, la démarche Cartésienne, certes nécessaire aux progrès de la connaissance, ne rend en rien compte de la réalité existentielle. Le sentir olfactif, par son essence symbiotique, apparaît comme paradigmatique du « chiasme » existentiel de l’être-au-monde. C’est donc à partir de ce sens méconnu qu’une double réfutation de Descartes apparaît comme possible : l’odorat, bien que périphérique entretient des relations avec les objets les plus élevés des quêtes humaines et cette aptitude relationnelle repose sur le caractère intégré de cette sensorialité. Essentiellement humain, ce sens, dans son approche cénesthésique du réel, participe à l’élaboration des empreintes atmosphériques constitutives du réel, participe à l’élaboration des empreintes atmosphériques constitutives de la personnalité, de sorte que toute altération de celui-ci peut être signe de pathologie humaine, ce que l’étude de l’olfactique contemporaine peut confirmer. De fait l’odorat, sens de l’imagination, est doté d’une forte puissance symbolique : il est symbole temporel de durée, de l’essence du réel, voire même de l’invisible. Par ailleurs, bien que sens hédonique, il accède à l’esthétique des choses, mais surtout, intimement lié à la durée humaine, il permet à tout homme dans l’instant de la sensation d’échapper à sa condition en retrouvant le temps perdu. Alors une simple effluve est source de retentissement, de jouvence et de félicité<br>Nowadays, the analyzing effort is being questioned by numerous attempts at facing life as a whole that mixes up body and soul. Now Descartes’s analyzing entreprise, however necessary it has been for improving knowledge, cannot traduce our existential reality. The olfactive experience of feeling, as it is essentially symbiotic, appears as paradigmatic of the existential “chiasm” of the being-in-the-world. From this unrecognized meaning, a two-level refutation of Descartes appears as possible : the sense of smell, although peripheral, is in relation with the highest aims of human quests, and this ability to be in relation is based on the characteristic this sensoriality has of being integrated. Essentially human, this sense, in the cenesthetic approach it has of the reality, takes part in the building up of atmospheric prints, which constitute our personality ; so that any alteration of this sense can be signal of a human pathology, which can be checked by studying our contemporary odorous world. The sense of smell, which is the sense of the imagination, is indeed endowed with a very powerful symbolism : it is a temporal symbol, a duration, of the essence of the real, or even of the invisible. Apart from this, although a sense that brings pleasure, it also enters the aesthetic field of things, and above all, intimately linked to the human duration, it allows any man in the instant the sensation is, to flee off his condition by finding the lost time again. Then, a mere exhalation is a fountain of youth, an echo, and thus it is bliss
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Bates, Dana. "The glory of God is humanity fully alive : exploring Eastern Orthodoxy as a resource for human development in conversation with the capability approach." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2013. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13709/.
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This dissertation argues that Eastern Orthodox theology is a framework for multidimensional social change or improvement and can inform, and be informed by the multi-disciplinary social science field of development studies. This claim will be examined by analyzing the Trinitarian theology of the Orthodox theologian Dumitru Staniloae in relation to the writings of Nobel Economist Amartya Sen and his ‘capability approach’. The argument begins by justifying EO’s interaction with development studies based on her anthropological optimism. Critical is that supernatural revelation stands very close to and builds on natural revelation. A Trinitarian theological anthropology then provides a rationale for, and integration of, three key concepts in the social sciences: agency, solidarity, and structures. This analytical framework is then used to assess the challenges of post-Communist contexts, where most Orthodox live. The Communist downfall, it is argued, involved a failure to incorporate each of these dimensions in human development. This analysis then serves to test the adequacy of, and reveal weaknesses in, Amartya Sen’s freedom-focused social evaluation framework known as the capability approach. The dissertation proceeds with examining Orthodox salvation as movement from Being, to Well-being, to Eternal-being where Well-being is, notably, the exercise of agency to develop the potentials given in Being. Agency is not individualistic, but is structured into the virtues of solidarity and incorporates the related notion of phronesis (practical reason). The virtue tradition is then postulated as a promising link between theology and development studies. The virtue tradition is analyzed in its classical background, modern human development, as well as both Protestantism and Catholicism to facilitate a comparison with Eastern Orthodoxy. This analysis shows that Orthodoxy offers a theological framework for human development in that she gives priority of practical reason to contemplation, makes virtually no separation between grace and nature, and provides a relevant method for synergizing salvation history with action on behalf of human development.
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Queiroz, Filipe Artur de Sousa. "Aproximação entre atividades narrativas: o cinema e a história." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6743.
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Previous issue date: 2016-09-26<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES<br>This work has as it main objetive to discuss the historical narrative. The strategy to do it is the approach between cinema and history. The central purpose is about this contract is the one simple question: in the logicality and specifically film narration definition are useful to the reflexion about the historical narrative type? The way I found to make this approach is by the films Quentin Tarantino reflective analysis. In this occasion I try to work with specific cut-outs theatrical about the Gaudreault and Jost narratology, and the André Parente philosophy. And to the history theoretical support I use the history theory of Jörn Rüsen and philosophy of Frank Ankersmit language.<br>O referido trabalho tem por objetivo principal discutir a narrativa histórica. A forma encontrada, para tanto, é a aproximação entre cinema e história. A centralidade do procedimento se articula no seguinte questionamento: parâmetros específicos de logicidade da narrativa fílmica são úteis para a reflexão da narrativa do tipo histórica? A alternativa encontrada para a viabilização desta aproximação se faz por meio da obra de Quentin Tarantino. Os recortes teóricos, por sua vez, se estabelecem numa operação seletiva na qual a narratologia de Gaudreault e Jost, e a filosofia de André Parente, são altamente exploradas. Quanto ao suporte teórico para a história, utilizo-me, principalmente, da teoria da história de Jörn Rüsen e a filosofia da linguagem de Frank Ankersmit.
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Forero, Isabel Muñoz. "Considerações hermenêuticas sobre o conceito de liberdade: um diálogo com o Islam." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59142/tde-15012018-164903/.
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A palavra liberdade pertence a um caleidoscópio de semânticas e interpretações plurais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma investigação interdisciplinar entre Psicologia, Antropologia e Filosofia sobre a liberdade como categoria, para compreender sua configuração no horizonte de sentido islâmico, tendo como base o Alcorão, e alguns dos hadices do Profeta Muhammad e o método hermenêutico do filósofo Franz George Gadamer. Mediante uma revisão bibliográfica, foi feita uma justaposição da concepção de liberdade que existe tanto no contexto islâmico quanto no Ocidente. Nesta análise pretende-se investigar a ideia de que o desconhecimento da cultura, tradições e maneiras de interpretar esta noção no mundo islâmico tem acarretado inúmeros preconceitos originando, por sua vez, apontamentos, discriminação e agressões, na tentativa de impor a ideia própria de liberdade sobre a do outro. É fundamental tomar as ferramentas das que dispõe a Psicologia, a Filosofia e a Antropologia, para ter um horizonte de sentido mais amplo sobre o conflito, e que nos permita analisar essas questões, porque a pergunta pela liberdade abrange a construção da pessoa, além de ser um dos seus direitos humanos fundamentais, está conformado pela interpretação de si próprio e do outro num contexto complexo, mediado pelas relações de poder, os enfrentamentos e conflitos políticos, assim como os religiosos.<br>The word freedom belongs to a kaleidoscope of semantics and plural interpretations. In this diversity are several spheres as moral where freedom is defined by knowledge, however, freedom in social, political and even religion, has different dimensions. A hermeneutical process that aims to understand how freedom is configured in Islam has its basis in the comprehension of the text because it contains the structure and the way people build their religious experience and how they give it full meaning. The understanding of the sacred text is attached to the knowledge of the religion\'s precepts as it can be said that the principles for the believer are based to her/his spiritual experiences. When considering the importance of the Qur\'an to the Muslim, it could be said that out of Islam (for that one that is Muslim) can be neither peace nor freedom nor justice outside Islam because the knowledge to help to achieve these other topics is the revealed message itself as a life code. According to this interpretation made the right way, the faith in God and the humbleness in recognizing the wisdom of Allah and accepting the authority of the prophets and the message, are fundamental elements that configure the existence and meaning of the contexts of the believer in Islam. For understanding what is freedom in Islam we need to see what the Muslims understand for freedom according to their horizon of meaning.
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Jacob, Amanda Martins. "Vulnerabilidade socioambiental no município de São Paulo: análise das capacidades e liberdades humanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-03122013-165716/.
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Com o objetivo de identificar e discutir as inter-relações que aproximam os problemas de restrição de capacidades e liberdades humanas da questão da vulnerabilidade socioambiental, esta pesquisa buscou analisar indicadores de desenvolvimento, previamente selecionados, que refletissem as desigualdades sociais, econômicas e ambientais relativas aos noventa e seis distritos do município de São Paulo. Para discorrer sobre a questão das capacidades e liberdades humanas, a pesquisa bibliográfica levou em conta principalmente, os trabalhos do economista indiano Amartya Sen, em especial seus escritos sobre a abordagem das capacidades na teoria da justiça e do desenvolvimento como liberdade. O estudo de caso utilizou indicadores secundários separados em duas grandes dimensões: vulnerabilidade que corresponde aos indicadores de: condição de... e desenvolvimento que corresponde aos indicadores de: acesso a.... As categorias segundo as quais os indicadores foram classificados são: demografia, habitação, violência, condições de saúde e assistência social, educação, renda e susceptibilidade ao risco ambiental, na dimensão vulnerabilidade; e transportes, infraestrutura em saúde e assistência social, cultura e lazer, infraestrutura em educação, emprego, abastecimento e saneamento, e áreas verdes na dimensão desenvolvimento. Através do agrupamento dos indicadores e transformação das variáveis pela média, obtiveram-se valores de índices tanto para vulnerabilidade, quanto para desenvolvimento. Por meio da utilização de mapas e tabelas, o estudo mostra de que forma a vulnerabilidade e o desenvolvimento estão dispostos no território paulistano. O resultado da pesquisa quantitativa mostrou que cerca de 50% dos distritos paulistanos apresentaram índices de alta vulnerabilidade ou vulnerabilidade extrema, a grande maioria em áreas periféricas. Ao mesmo tempo, apenas dez distritos dos noventa e seis, apresentaram resultados bons de desenvolvimento, sete dos quais inseridos na porção sudoeste do município de São Paulo, área nobre e extremamente valorizada da cidade. Este resultado da análise mostrou que a capital paulista é extremamente desigual dos pontos de vista social, ambiental e econômico, e que os problemas associados à vulnerabilidade se expressam no próprio território do município, de forma que as periferias são o reflexo de espaços altamente segregados, com graves problemas sociais, riscos ambientais iminentes e ainda, baixos níveis de desenvolvimento devido, em especial, à insuficiente atuação do Estado como promotor de políticas públicas. A constatação da vulnerabilidade deveu-se, entre outros fatores, à precariedade de acesso a serviços como transporte, saúde e educação, incluindo demais equipamentos, sobretudo públicos, de acesso ao saneamento básico, lazer e cultura. Além disso, há baixa oferta de empregos locais com boa remuneração e níveis consideráveis de violência e pobreza características que limitam o empoderamento dos grupos sociais residentes, sobretudo dos mais vulneráveis como as mulheres, os jovens, os negros e os idosos. A todo este conjunto de características, atribui-se a responsabilidade pela restrição das capacidades e liberdades elementares dos indivíduos. Dessa forma verificou-se que as desigualdades de vulnerabilidade e desenvolvimento existentes representam as diferenças de capacidades e liberdades entre as populações, e que o enfrentamento desses problemas deve considerar princípios de justiça que levem em conta a construção das capacidades das populações mais desfavorecidas a fim de se promover justiça social e igualdade de oportunidades.<br>With the objective to identify and discuss the interrelations that approximate the problems of human capabilities e freedoms restriction of issue social and environmental vulnerability, this study examined indicators, previously selected, that reflect the social, economic and environmental inequalities relative to ninety-six districts of the city of São Paulo. To discuss the issue about human capabilities and freedoms, the bibliographic research took into account, mainly, the works of the Indian economist Amartya Sen, in particular his writings about the capability approach, in the theory of justice, and the development as freedom. The case study used secondary indicators separated into two major dimensions: vulnerability, that corresponds to the indicators of \"condition of...\", and development that refers to the indicators of \"access to...\". The categories under which the indicators were classified are: demographics, housing, violence, health and social care, education, income and susceptibility to environmental risk, in the vulnerability dimension; and transport, health and social care infrastructure, culture and recreation, education infrastructure, employment, water and sanitation, and green areas in the development dimension. With the transformation of variables and the grouping of indicators, were obtained values for both indexes: vulnerability and development. Through the use of maps and tables, the study showed how the vulnerability and development are arranged in the São Paulo city. The result of the quantitative survey showed that nearly fifty percent of São Paulo districts have high levels of vulnerability or extreme vulnerability, the large majority in outskirts. At the same time, only ten of the ninety-six districts showed good results of development, seven of which inserted in the southwest portion of city the prime area and extremely rich. This showed that São Paulo is extremely unequal in the points of views social, environmental and economic, and that the problems associated with vulnerability are expressed in the territory, such that the outskirts are the reflection of highly segregated spaces, with serious social problems, imminent environmental risks, and yet, low levels of development, due to, in particular, the inadequate performance of the State as promoter of public polices. The verification of vulnerability is due, among other factors, to the limited access to public services as transport, health and education, including other equipment for access to basic sanitation, recreation and culture. In addition, there is low offer of local jobs with a good salary, and considerable levels of violence and poverty features that limited the empowerment of specific social groups, especially the most vulnerable like as women, younger, blacks and elderly. The whole this package of characteristics is attributed the responsibility for restricting the capabilities and freedoms of the individuals. Therefore, it was found that the inequalities of vulnerabilities and developing represent the difference of capabilities and freedoms between the populations and that for facing these issues, is necessary consider the principles of justice concerning the capacities construction of vulnerable groups, in order to promote social justice and equal opportunities.
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Dextre, Flores José Carlos. "La dimensión humanística en la formación del contador público." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114765.
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The objective of this article is to show the importance of the humanistic approach of the accounting student considering the social orientation of accounting knowledge whose main objectives are the preparation, interpretation and assessing of the financial information of the different economical events. These reflections results from three years work devoted to the preparation and implementation of a new career program based on competences for the Facultad de Administración y Contabilidad of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) and the result of a research about the needs and interests of the academic, social and business agents related to the accounting field. The career program adopted take the graduated of the career to prepare moral positive judgments and to understand that the occupation training is just a part of the human approach.<br>El propósito de este artículo es presentar la importancia de la formación humanística del estudiante de la carrera de Contabilidad teniendo en cuenta el carácter social del conocimiento contable cuyos principales objetivos son la preparación, interpretación y evaluación de la información financiera de los eventos económicos producidos. Estas reflexiones son el fruto de más de tres años de trabajo empleados en la confección e implementación de un nuevo plan de estudios basado en competencias para la carrera de Contabilidad de la Facultad de Administración y Contabilidad de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (PUCP) y resultado de una investigación sobre las necesidades e intereses de los agentes académicos, sociales y empresariales vinculados al quehacer contable. El plan de estudios adoptado predispone al egresado de la disciplina a elaborar juicios morales positivos y a entender que la educación profesional solo es una parte de la formación humana.
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Madigan, John J. "Graduate liberal studies: a nontraditional, interdisciplinary approach to higher education." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39926.
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Educators, authors and policymakers continue to address the quality and focus of higher education in the United States. Some have noted the unprecedented number of students entering professional colleges and universities as a gateway to promising careers, while others have suggested that our schools lack the wherewithal to reconstitute the idea of a liberally educated person. Yet, over the past 16 years there has been considerable growth in the number of institutions that have established new graduate programs in Liberal Studies.
This study examined the growth associated with those programs and addressed the issues of why the programs were started; whom they served; and, how they fit and operated within their host institutions. The methodology encompassed survey and case study research. The population consisted of the total number of schools actively affiliated with the Association of Graduate Liberal Studies Programs (AGLSP).<br>Ed. D.
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Faria, Luiz Alberto de Freitas. "Vivências de ansiedade em usuários de álcool: uma reflexão sob o ponto de vista fenomenológico-existencial-gestáltico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2014. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/1827.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-28<br>The present study aims to investigate the inner experiences of anxiety here conceived as a
contact disorder - in a group of alcoholics. Gestalt approach has been used as theoretical
support and Amedeo Giorgi phenomenological conceptions have been chosen as method. The
dissertation includes 3 chapters. Chapter 1 is based on an exposition in which some theorists,
according to their own conceptions and especially under Gestalt viewpoint, show how they
conceive anxiety. Chapter 2 shows a systematic review of the literature and presents those
investigations which brought up the discussion on the relation between anxiety and
alcoholism. The above-mentioned review has captured 53 articles on Psycinfo, Medline,
Cochrane, Lilacs, PePSIC and Scielo electronic bibliographic database. The investigation
revealed several studies showing the presence of comorbidities between anxiety disorder and
the addiction to alcohol. The above-mentioned studies approached alcoholism and anxiety
under several points of view, such as alcohol as self-medication to reduce negative feelings,
unfavorable social settings and the increase of alcoholism and anxiety disorders, personality
features and alcoholism, intervention proposals and many others. Chapter 3 is an article
named Inner experiences of anxiety in alcohol users: a reflection under the point of view of
Gestalt approach . In this way, 6 participants, inpatients or outpatients under treatment in
hospitals specialized in mental disorders as a result of alcoholism, in Goiania, have been
interviewed and evaluated. The following instruments for anxiety analysis have been used in
the investigation: Semi-structured Interview and Zulliger Test. Results have showed 2 inner
experiences in common to the participants: isolation and dependence in connection with the
social setting, both of which having so proven the presence of anxiety - or affliction
experiences - under the Gestalt point of view. Lastly the study shows that anxiety has proven
to be an important phenomenon amongst alcohol users, which has so confirmed previous
studies concerning the connection between anxiety and alcoholism. In addition, some
specifics between both the phenomena have been emphasized.<br>O estudo objetivou investigar vivências de ansiedade, compreendidas como distúrbios no
processo de contato, em um grupo de alcoolistas, com apoio teórico da Abordagem Gestáltica
e a utilização do método fenomenológico de Amedeo Giorgi. Inicialmente, após uma breve
introdução, o Capítulo 1 da dissertação foi construído com base em uma exposição sobre a
compreensão da ansiedade em relação a alguns teóricos em suas respectivas abordagens, com
ênfase na Abordagem Gestáltica. O Capítulo 2 foi composto de uma Revisão Sistemática da
Literatura com a apresentação de investigações que trouxeram a discussão da ansiedade com
alguma relação com o alcoolismo. O referido estudo capturou 53 artigos nas bases eletrônicas
Psycinfo, Medline, Cochrane, Lilacs, PePSIC e Scielo. A investigação trouxe uma série de
estudos com a presença de comorbidades entre distúrbios de ansiedade e adicção ao álcool. Os
referidos estudos abordaram o alcoolismo e a ansiedade em diversos ângulos, tais como, o
álcool como automedicação, para diminuir afetos negativos; meios sociais adversos e o
incremento do alcoolismo e dos transtornos de ansiedade; características de personalidade e
alcoolismo; propostas de intervenções, entre outros. O Capítulo 3 constou de um artigo
intitulado Vivências de ansiedade em usuários de álcool: uma reflexão sob o ponto de vista
da Abordagem Gestáltica . Dessa forma, foram entrevistados e avaliados seis participantes,
internados ou em tratamentos ambulatoriais em hospital especializado em distúrbios mentais
em Goiânia devido a problemas com o álcool. Na referida investigação foram utilizados os
seguintes instrumentos para análise da ansiedade: Entrevista Semiestruturada e Teste de
Zulliger. Os resultados apontaram duas vivências comuns aos participantes, a saber, o
isolamento e a dependência em relação ao meio social, o que confirmou a presença da
ansiedade, ou de vivências de aflição, sob o ponto de vista gestáltico. Por fim, em últimas
considerações, a ansiedade foi confirmada como fenômeno importante entre usuários de
álcool, em sintonia com estudos anteriores, bem como foram indicadas algumas
especificidades entre os fenômenos.
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Chagneau, Mathilde. "Une approche humaniste de la souffrance au travail. : effet d'un programme de soutien multidimensionnel sur les professionnels d'EHPAD (Etablissement d'Hébergement pour Personnes Âgées Dépendantes)." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0054.
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Face à l’intensification de la charge de travail en Établissement d’Hébergement pour Personnes Âgées dépendantes (EHPAD), il est nécessaire de penser des dispositifs prenant en charge la souffrance des professionnels. L’analyse de la littérature met en évidence le peu d’études consacrées à la prévention et à laremédiation du stress et du burnout dans le soin auprès des personnes âgées. Les approches unidimensionnelles telles que la formation de soignants, les groupes de paroles et les techniques de gestion de stress ont prouvé leur efficacité mais possèdent des limites. Un soutien multidimensionnel global serait-il plusefficace que des soutiens unidimensionnels tels que la formation ou le groupe de parole ? Nous présentons une recherche menée auprès de 38 soignants en EHPAD comparant l’efficacité d’un programme de soutien multidimensionnel ancré dans la psychologie humaniste à des programmes contrôles unidimensionnels sur le stress perçu, le bien-être au travail et le burnout. Le programme expérimental porte sur la lutte contre la souffrance au travail, phénomène multifactoriel et complexe. Il comprend un apprentissage de la relaxation et de la gestion des émotions, un bilan de situation réalisé avec l’Épreuve des Trois Arbres et un accompagnement collectif de création sur les pratiques. L’analyse statistique des résultats montre que le score du bien-être au travail des soignants du groupe expérimental a mieux progressé que celui des soignants des groupes contrôles. L’analyse qualitative et la discussion montrent que le soutien multidimensionnel permet à la personne de prendre conscience de ses ressources et de les développer pour opérer des changements en profondeur<br>In view of the intensification of the work load in Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly, it is necessary to create measures to deal with the suffering of care professionals. An analysis of published literature brings to light the scarcity of studies devoted to the prevention and remediation of stress and burnout in care work with the elderly. Unidimensional approaches such as care worker training, group therapy and stress management techniques have been proved to be efficient but with limitations. Would multidimensional holistic support be more efficient than unidimensional support such as training or group therapy?This paper presents research carried out on 38 care workers in Residential Care Facilities for the Elderly, comparing the efficiency of a multidimensional support programme based on humanistic psychology to unidimensional test programmes, in dealing with perceived stress, well-being at work and burnout. The experimental programme focuses on the struggle against work place suffering which is a multi-factorial and complex phenomenon. It includes learning relaxation techniques and learning how to deal with emotions, an assessment of the situation using the Three Trees Test, and creative group support in the development of work practices.The statistical analysis of the results shows that the workplace well-being score of the care workers in the experimental group progressed further than that of the care workers in the test groups. The qualitative analysis and discussion show that multidimensional support enables individuals to become aware of their personal resources and to develop them in order to bring about deep seated changes
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Domínguez, Gregorio Pablo. "Vers l’éco-anthropologie. Une approche multidisciplinaire de l’agdal pastoral du Yagour (haut atlas de Marrakech)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/79093.
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Notre problématique de recherche porte sur les mutations, durant le dernier siècle, de la relation à l’environnement d’une petite communauté d’agropasteurs du Haut Atlas de Marrakech, les Aït Ikis. Cette population montagnarde d’environ 700 habitants dépende de plusieurs espaces mais très spécialement du Yagour, un pâturage de 70 km² étagé entre 2.000 m et 3.600 m. L’institution coutumière de l’agdal qui gère tous les espaces en question et participe fortement aux rapports à l’environnement, consiste en la mise en défens saisonnière des espaces, dont la date exacte d’ouverture est décidée par toute la communauté d’usagers. Le but est d’assurer un repos minimal aux espèces végétales et la durabilité de son utilisation. Dans ce contexte, nous avons essayé de répondre à trois hypothèses : 1 Le système traditionnel de l’agdal était globalement durable, mais mis en crise notamment par son contact croissant avec les sociétés industrielles. 2 Dans le monde actuel, l’agdal aurait des potentialités de développement et de conservation. 3 Une approche profondément transdisciplinaire, qui utilise à la fois les disciplines individualisées, est nécessaire pour bien comprendre des problématiques écoanthropologiques complexes de ce genre. Nous sommes partis d’une étude du contexte géographique, écologique, social et historique. Ensuite, nous avons analysé le système agroéconomique et la culture symbolique qui accompagne ce système, ainsi que l’état de l’environnement au sein d’importants processus de changement. Pour conclure, nous avons corroboré nos hypothèses, et affirmé spécialement notre soutien à « une transdisciplinarité qui combine des approches disciplinaires spécialisées ».
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Antolín, Ferran. "Of cereals, poppy, acorns and hazelnuts. Plant economy among early farmers (5500-2300 cal BC) in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. An archaeobotanical approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128997.
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Aquest treball pretenia respondre diverses questions en relació a la producció d’aliments d’origen vegetal al Neolític (5400-2300 cal BC) al NE de la Península Ibèrica. Els objectius es poden resumir en la següent pregunta: era la gestió de les plantes amb valor alimentari de tipus intensiu? Per tal de contribuir a aquesta discussió es feia necessari incrementar el volum de dades arqueobotàniques. Les anàlisis de macrorestes arqueobotàniques (llavors i fruits) procedents de 17 jaciments (34 fases d’ocupació) del NE de la Península Ibèrica datats al període Neolític s’han presentat i discutit. Un total de 107 tàxons han estat identificats i més de 100.000 macrorestes vegetals han estat obtingudes, procedents de 213 contextos arqueològics diferents, després de processar unes 1200 mostres (més de 7000 litres de sediment).
La important quantitat de dades obtingudes ha estat suficient per proposar interpretacions sobre l’evolució dels cultius a l’àrea durant el període Neolític. S’han observat diverses tendències per zones dintre de la regió. La costa central presenta un registre abundant de blats vestits durant el VIè i Vè mil·lennis cal ANE, mentre que el blat nu té un domini a les àrees del nord durant els primers segles i és substituït, a partir del Vè mil·lenni per l’ordi nu. Aquest tàxon sembla ser el principal cultiu durant el IV mil·lenni cal ANE, juntament amb el blat nu. Poc més tard, l’ordi vestit sembla que podria començar a substituir l’ordi nu a les àrees del nord. Els dos canvis observats a les àrees del nord podrien haver-se originat a través de contactes amb els territoris del sud de França.
Pel que fa a la gestió dels cultius, s’ha conclòs que les evidències per al VIè i Vè mil·lennis cal ANE indiquen que existia una gestió intensiva dels camps de tipus hortícola. Les dades per als dos darrers mil·lennis del Neolític no són concloents. Malgrat tot, l’expansió de l’ordi vestit i l’aparent reducció de la diversitat de lleguminoses cultivades durant el Neolític final suggeriria pràctiques agrícoles menys intensives.
Els resultats obtinguts al respecte de la gestió dels fruits silvestres no han permès detectar grans canvis en els tàxons recol·lectats més significatius durant tot el període a la regió en estudi: Quercus sp., Corylus avellana, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and Pistacia lentiscus. S’han observat diferències en les tècniques de processat en funció de l’alçada a la qual es troben els assentaments, com ja s’ha esmentat. L’explotació de les formacions vegetals de màquia creix a partir de la segona meitat del Vè mil·lenni cal ANE. Hi ha una important reducció del registre al Neolític final. S’ha interpretat que les pràctiques de recol·lecció es mantindrien estables a escala regional, principalment condicionades per l’oferta ambiental, així com per les seleccions culturals.
En contra del que s’havia assumit per part de molts arqueòlegs, l’agricultura sembla ser de caràcter permanent i intensiu durant els primers segles del Neolític. Els grups estableixen xarxes de llarga durada en regions particulars on desenvolupen les seves pròpies tradicions i cultures. Aquestes xarxes serien necessàries per a la supervivència dels sistemes de producció i reproducció d’aquestes comunitats. La inestabilitat de les estructures i els territoris d’hàbitat que molts autors proposen per a aquestes fases inicials no està, doncs, confirmat per les dades arqueològiques disponibles.<br>This dissertation aimed to answer several questions concerning plant food production in the Neolithic (5400-2300 cal BC) in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. The aims can be summarized in the following question: was plant food economy of the intensive type? In order to contribute to such a discussion, an increase of the available archaeobotanical database was necessary. The analyses of the archaeobotanical macroremains (seeds and fruits) from 17 archaeological sites (34 settlement phases) from the NE of the Iberian Peninsula dating to the Neolithic period were presented and discussed. A total of 107 new taxa were identified and more than 100.000 plant macroremains were retrieved from 213 different contexts, after taking and processing around 1200 samples (over 7000 litres of sediment).
The important amount of data obtained was enough to put forward some interpretations of the evolution of agriculture in the area during the Neolithic period. Several regional trends were observed. The central coast region presented larger amounts and ubiquities of glume wheats during the VIth and Vth millennia cal BC, while naked wheat prevailed in the northern areas during the first centuries and was later replaced, in the Vth millennium cal BC, by naked barley. This taxon appears as a main crop in the central coast in the IVth millennium cal BC, along with naked wheat. Shortly after, hulled barley seems to replace naked barley in the northern areas of the region. Both shifts observed in the northern areas could have originated through contacts with southern France.
Concerning crop husbandry strategies, it was concluded that the evidence for the VIth and Vth millennia cal BC support an intensive gardening type of management of the plots. The data for the last two millennia of the Neolithic are not conclusive. Nevertheless, the expansion of hulled barley and the apparent reduction in the diversity of cultivated legumes during the Late Neolithic would suggest less intensive management practices.
No major changes in wild fruit management in the most important gathered taxa during the Neolithic period in the region: Quercus sp., Corylus avellana, Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris and Pistacia lentiscus were the most commonly gathered taxa. Differences in their processing techniques according to altitude were observed. The exploitation of maquis vegetation increases from the second half of the Vth millennium cal BC onwards. An important decrease in the number of remains recovered for the Late Neolithic period was observed. It was interpreted that gathering practices were rather stable at a regional scale, largely conditioned by the environmental availability but also by cultural choices.
Against what was assumed by many archaeologists, agriculture during the first centuries of the Neolithic seems to be of permanent and intensive character. Groups established long-lasting networks in particular regions where they developed their own traditions and cultures. These networks would be necessary for the subsistence of the production and reproduction practices of these populations. The semi-nomadism that is assumed by most authors for these early phases is, thus, not confirmed by the archaeological data.
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Muenchen, Cristiane. "CONFIGURAÇÕES CURRICULARES MEDIANTE O ENFOQUE CTS: DESAFIOS A SEREM ENFRENTADOS NA EJA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6802.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This research project analyses the challenges to be faced with the range of curricular interventions which aim to approach the interaction between Science, Technology and Society (CTS) through the setting down of contemporary themes, notably science and technology. Such curricular routings are marked by the approximation of the presuppositions of the Brazilian pedagogue Paulo Freire and references to the movement known as CTS. To achieve a critical reading of reality, a fundamental aspect of Freire, it is understood that a critical understanding of the interaction between CTS is becoming more and more essential, considering that the dynamics of contemporary society are becoming strongly conditioned by science and technology. In the context of such curricular interventions, is raised the problem of investigation: What are the possible challenges to be faced / investigated in the search for curricular configurations which look at the CTS approach through the laying out of socially relevant problems together with EJA? The objectives of the project are: to identify and discuss the position of EJA teachers in relation to the use, in class, of themes/problems of social relevance and to identify and discuss complications to be confronted in schools. This project is of a qualitative nature and the instruments used were: written registers in the form of diaries; questionnaires and interviews. As a synthesis of the results of the investigation, four categories are defined and discussed which constitute challenges to be faced: a) the excess of methodological reductionism, this being the teacher giving himself the role of program beater ; b) interdisciplinary work; c) the supposed student resistance to the themed approach and d) the development of polemic themes which involve local conflicts/contradictions.<br>Nesta pesquisa, são analisados desafios a serem enfrentados no âmbito de intervenções curriculares que buscam enfocar interações entre Ciência-Tecnologia-Sociedade, mediante a abordagem de temáticas contemporâneas, marcadas pela componente científico-tecnológica. Tais encaminhamentos curriculares estão balizados por uma aproximação entre pressupostos do educador brasileiro Paulo Freire e referenciais ligados ao denominado movimento CTS. Para ocorrer uma leitura crítica da realidade, dimensão fundamental em Freire, entende-se que é, cada vez mais, fundamental uma compreensão crítica das interações entre CTS, considerando que a dinâmica social contemporânea está fortemente condicionada pela ciência e tecnologia. No contexto de tais intervenções curriculares, surge o problema de investigação: Quais os possíveis desafios a serem enfrentados/investigados quando se buscam configurações curriculares que contemplem o enfoque CTS através da abordagem de problemas de relevância social junto a EJA? Os objetivos da pesquisa são: identificar e discutir posicionamentos de professores da EJA quanto à utilização de temas/problemas de relevância social em suas aulas e identificar e discutir estrangulamentos a serem enfrentados nas instituições escolares. Esta pesquisa é de cunho qualitativo e os instrumentos utilizados foram: registros escritos, sob a forma de Diários; questionários e entrevistas. Como síntese dos resultados da investigação, são definidas e discutidas quatro categorias, as quais constituem desafios a serem enfrentados: a) superação do reducionismo metodológico, ou seja, ao professor atribui-se o papel de vencer programas ; b) o trabalho interdisciplinar; c) suposta resistência dos alunos à abordagem temática e d) desenvolvimento de temas polêmicos que envolvem conflitos/contradições locais.
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Barajas, Alonso Elia. "Exploring teaching approaches in the transition to contemporary curricula in pharmacy." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118570/2/Elia%20Barajas%20Alonso%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to investigate and identify the teaching approaches in traditional and contemporary curricula, and the teaching practices employed by academics from the discipline of pharmacy who were involved in the curriculum transition. There is growing interest in teaching practices and the perceptions of academics to contribute and improve teaching in higher education. This thesis was a step forward to explore the trends of the five most common learning theories. A series of surveys and classroom observations provided a framework of the academics perspectives and teaching practices trends when delivering the pharmacy curriculum.