Journal articles on the topic 'Humanism – 20th century'
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1
Prokopenko, Vladimir, and Oleksiy Vorobiov. "WERNER JAEGER: THE CONCEPT OF THE “THIRD HUMANISM”." 67, no. 67 (December 26, 2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2226-0994-2022-67-5.
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The article examines the development of the classical humanist tradition in German thought of the 20th century and the main figure of this tradition - Werner Jaeger. The authors analyze the situation in German classical studies at the beginning of the 20th century and conclude that the German project of classical philology, Altertumswissenschaft, was in a state of crisis at that time. Jaeger and his associates proposed a way out of this crisis with the help of the concept of "third humanism". "Third humanism" became a significant phenomenon in the spiritual movement of the beginning of the 20th century in Europe. Jaeger calls this humanism "third", because he considers the first humanism of the Renaissance, and the second - German humanism of the 18-19 centuries. The main principle of "third humanism" is the conviction that ancient culture not only had a great influence on the peoples of subsequent eras, but also became an eternal model of culture for all mankind. Humanism is a tradition through which antiquity can give us an impetus to preserve the "immutable values" embodied in Greek culture. Jaeger also analyzes the influence of ancient humanism on medieval Christian thinkers and argues that they drew on ancient political philosophy in their teachings about the church. The authors explain the fact that Jaeger's concept was not widely known for a long time because it was falsely associated with Nazi ideology in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. The article presents arguments against this misunderstanding of the third humanism and all Jaeger's ideas. The final conclusions from the article indicate that the concept of the third humanism is a promising direction in modern classical studies, it can also become an effective strategy of cultural development, education policy, which is oriented towards humanistic goals. The authors also insist that the ideology of the third humanism can become a way to develop a truly humanistic policy in the modern world.
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Demchenko, Aleksandr Ivanovich. "The Russian musical art of the early 20th century: The alternative." Manuscript 16, no. 6 (December 4, 2023): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/mns20230064.
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The essay is devoted to characterizing a trend opposed to the onslaught of contradictions, disharmony and various destructive influences brought along by the new century in the Russian musical art of the early 20th century. This trend was embodied in the composers’ turn to the humanistic traditions of the past, as well as in the constructive and positive aspirations of modernity. The desire to defend the principles of humanism was mainly associated with the spiritual values of the Classical era. In particular, the author provides insight into the formation of neoclassicism in Russian musical art starting with the late works by P. Tchaikovsky (the orchestral suite “Mozartiana” (1887)). Special attention is paid to the works by S. Taneyev (the cantata “At the Reading of a Psalm” (1912-1915)), N. Myaskovsky (String Quartet No. 4 (1909-1910)), S. Prokofiev (Symphony No. 1 (1917)), Z. Paliashvili (the operas “Abesalom da Eteri” (1910-1919) and “Daisi” (1919-1923)). As a result, it is concluded that the sphere of humanism and harmony, despite being hardly a central trend in the context of the musical and artistic process of the 1910s, was, however, undoubtedly significant, clearly reflecting the reaction to the deforming trends of modernity. The fundamental shift in worldview that occurred in the 1910s – the first half of the 1920s was expressed in the weakening of the considered trend, the growth of contradictions.
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Sikandar, Aliya. "John Dewey and His Philosophy of Education." Journal of Education and Educational Development 2, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v2i2.446.
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This review paper on John Dewey, the pioneering educationist of the 20th century, discusses his educational thoughts, and writings, which gave a new direction to education at the turn of the century. Dewey’s contributions are immense and overwhelming in the fields of education, politics, humanism, logic, and aesthetics. This discussion will focus on Dewey and his philosophy related to educational approaches, pedagogical issues, and the linkages that he made between education, democracy, experience, and society. At the heart of his educational thought is the child. Dewey’s idea on humanism springs from his democratic bent and his quest for freedom, equity, and the value of child’s experiences.
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Demchenko, Aleksandr Ivanovich. "Russian music art of the early 20th century: Devaluation." Manuscript 16, no. 5 (November 10, 2023): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/mns20230059.
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This essay is dedicated to the complexity of the position of the classical concept of humanism and harmony at the beginning of the 20th century, marked by its obvious displacement from the forefront of artistic processes and its opposition to tendencies associated with various "non-classical" manifestations. The unfolding events not only vividly symbolized the passing civilization but also foreshadowed the entry into a zone of colossal conflict and tragic sense of the world. The author identifies typical antitheses presented in the musical art of the early 20th century at the level of individual compositions, the level of the work of specific composers, and at the level of musical art as a whole. As a result, the preconditions for the emergence of dissonance are determined, including the antithesis of "objective – subjective," sometimes pushed to the brink of "objectivism – subjectivism."
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Sergodeeva, E. A. "Humanitarian Rationality and the Possibilities of Rational Humanism." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences, no. 11 (December 24, 2018): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2018-11-55-69.
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The article discusses the relations between humanism and humanitarianism through the prism of rationality, which allows to identify the significant contradictions between their essences and methods of implementation as well as to reveal the subtleties and differences in the relationship between them. The author demonstrates the interrelation of the idea of rationality as reasonability with the theory of humanism and its practices; it is shown that the charges of inhumanity against rationality can be addressed mainly to instrumental reasonability, which occupies a dominant position in the society of Modernity. The inconsistency of the development of humanism in recent years is examined. On the one hand, first organizationally formed humanistic movements emerged in the 20th century and humanism gradually became a common social practice. On the other hand, starting from the second half of the 20th century, representatives of the postmodern and religious-conservative traditions more and more clearly pronounce statements about the crisis of humanistic ideology. It is determined that the classical concept of secular humanism has lost its representativeness to social realities because its model of a person becomes outdated and requires rethinking and renewal. It is emphasized that the role of humanitarian technologies is increasing under the new conditions of the science functioning in modern society, in which any knowledge, including natural and technical, acquires a humanitarian dimension. Therefore, the humanitarian component is a necessary part of any science today since the humanitarian component offers a pragmatical and axiological comparison of the scientific achievements with the life-world of men and their needs. The author concludes that rational strategies for overcoming the crisis of humanism (transhumanism and posthumanism) are associated with new ontologies and represent attempts to understand the transformations of humanistic values in the technoscientific world.
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Katz, Claire. "The Stirrings of a Stubborn and Difficult Freedom: Assimilation, Education, and Levinas’s Crisis of Humanism." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 18, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2010.173.
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In several places, Levinas identifies the problem that concerns him as a “crisis of humanism.” This problem finds its seeds in modernity but comes to fruition in the inhumanities of the 20th century. Like his philosophical predecessors, Levinas offers an educational model as a solution to a problem he has identified. But this model--Jewish education—is uniquely different from those offered by those who came before him. This essay examines Levinas‘s interest in Jewish education as a solution to this crisis in humanism and considers what the implications of this solution are for his project as a whole.
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Aveiro, Martín Omar. "Benjamín Núñez Vargas y la universidad necesaria para Costa Rica." Revista Electrónica Educare 21, no. 3 (August 6, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.21-3.5.
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The present work is part of a research project carried out in the National University of Cuyo about the Critic Humanism in Latin America during the second half of the 20th century. It is set in two disciplinary fields: practical philosophy and the history of Latin-American ideas. In this case, we contribute with the revision and reconstruction of Fr. Benjamín Nuñez Vargas’ thought whom we consider as critic and humanist, with catholic orientation, in our America. The focus is on categories of recognition and diversity through his philosophical and sociopolitical discourses, with special attention to his proposals for a necessary university in Costa Rica. We worked mainly on the discursive production, considering the discourses as forms of objectification of the practical reason. That is why we had recourse to a bibliographic review and the contributions of the critical theory regarding the analysis of social mediation, especially those of ideologies. We proceed in three steps: exploratory, analytic and of synthesis.
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Polomoshnov, Andrey Fedorovich, Viktor Dmitrievich Bakulov, and Elena Alexandrovna Kotlyarova. "Erich Fromm: criticism and apology of humanism." KANT 39, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-39.41.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the humanistic potential of E. Fromm's philosophy in the context of the modern humanistic crisis. The article examines two sides of E. Fromm's humanism. The first side is the criticism of modern society from point of view of ideals of classical humanism. The second side is an apology for humanistic ideals in the context of a complex of dehumanistic phenomena and tendencies of the 20th century and the search for ways to revive and establish humanism in social practice. Criticism of the limitations of humanism by E. Fromm is associated with the disclosure of the main aspects of alienation of the individual in modern society. Fromm's humanistic ideal, an alternative to the contradictory and limited capitalist humanism, is described by the thinker using concepts such as "healthy personality", "positive freedom", "fruitful orientation", "love", "healthy society". Fromm's ideal of a healthy society is presented in his model of "humanistic socialism". Scientific novelty lies in the establishment of internal contradictions and limitations of the "radical humanism" of the thinker. As a result, it is proved that E. Fromm fails to find effective ways to overcome the dehumanistic processes generated by the development of capitalist society. The concept of the humanistic transformation of capitalist society, developed by the thinker, is a form of an abstract, utopian humanistic project. Therefore, the "radical humanism" of the thinker has only historical and cultural value, but did not become the program of actions and struggle of modern humanists. The practical sterility of abstract humanism does not mean its complete rejection, but stimulates the need to reach a qualitatively new historical form of humanism through constructive overcoming of its limitations.
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Vo, Nhon Van. "TRANSLATED LITERATURE IN COCHINCHINA IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY AND IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY." Science and Technology Development Journal 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2010): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v13i1.2099.
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Being colonized by France, Cocochina (the South of Vietnam) was the region where Western literature was introduced into earlier than the North. Truong Minh Ky was considered the first translator of Western literature in Vietnam. His earliest works of translation appeared in 1884. By the early 20th century, introduced to Vietnamese readers were Western literary works not only of French origin but also of British, American and Russian origins; not only poetry, prose but also drama. In the late 19th century, many writers such as Truong Vinh Ky, Huynh Tinh Cua were interested in Chinese literature. In the first decade of the 20th century, a wide variety of Chinese novels were translated into Vietnamese, forming a strong movement of translating "truyen Tau” (Chinese fictions). The remarkable characteristics of the translation of Western literature in Cochinchina were as follows - The newspapers and magazines in “Quoc Ngu” (Vietnamese language written in Latin characters) where the first works of translation were published played very important role. - The translators were greatly diverse, coming from different social and cultural backgrounds. - More translation was made on prose. Novels of martial arts, historical stories, novels of heroic deeds attracted the attention of the translators and the publishers. Therefore, they were translated much more than romance novels were, because of their compatibility with popular audience. - By translating the works of Western literature, the writers tried to express new concepts of humanism, such as women rights, or gender issues. Translated literature in Cocochina in the late 19th and early 20th centuries reflects a paradox: Western influences started to leave their marks but the Chinese influence was still strongly engraved. However, this was a remarkable step in the journey of modernization of national literature. Through these early translated works, new literary genres were introduced and Vietnamese readers gradually became familiar with them. Translation experiences were the first steps for Cocochina writers to achieve thorough understanding, to learn Western writing techniques and styles, which helped them become the pioneers of new literature in Vietnam.
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Cymbrowski, Borys. "Od Hamburga do Strasburga. Uwagi o miejskich rozwiązaniach w zakresie pomocy społecznej od końca XVIII do początku XX wieku." Zeszyty Pracy Socjalnej 26, no. 4 (2022): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24496138zps.21.009.15081.
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From Hamburg to Strasbourg: Some Remarks on Municipal Welfare Measures between the Late 18th and the Early 20th Century The article is a short essay in social work history, strongly inspired by the two-volume book Geschichte der sozialen Arbeit (History of Social Work) by Wolf-Rainer Wendt (2017a, 2017b). From the many themes the German historian of social work discusses in this book I chose one which I consider particularly important. It is a path of institutional development in German urban policies leading from the assumptions of the Enlightenment humanism to modern welfare solutions. From the late 18th to the early 20th century particular poor relief policies were invented and implemented by authorities of fast developing cities in order to prevent the negative effects of mass poverty that accompanied large-scale industrialization. Subsequently, some of those inventions became part of the national legal system. The selection of the discussed problems however subjective is motivated by the hope to throw some light on the sources of contemporary welfare solutions in Central Europe and in Poland.
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Ye, Fei. "Explore the Application and Development of Minimalism in Product Design." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 106 (July 16, 2024): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/yfvjwm70.
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In the early 20th century, Germany was the first country to prevail in “Minimalist Design”, and then it became the mainstream rationalist spirit in Germany at that time, such rationality comes from two sides which are science and humanism. However, from the aspect of scientism, the progress of science can make the future of mankind better, while from the aspect of humanism, it is the spirit of humans themselves. So, “Minimalist Design” is a reflection of this rationalism. Then with the change of the times, the pace of social life has accelerated, “Minimalist Design” has become a mainstream concept in today’s society. “Minimalist Design” brings endless convenience to human beings, but also explains that products do not necessarily need a lot of fancy design to join it. Therefore, this research will first elaborate on and interpret the idea of “Minimalist Design”, secondly, the structural framework of “Minimalist Design” is analyzed, and the products designed by some famous “Minimalist” designers are analyzed.
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Gorban, Richard. "Personalistic View of John Paul II on the Humanizing Function of Art in the Context of Dialogue between the Church and Artists." Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II 12, no. 2 (September 15, 2022): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/pch.12204.
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This article presents the way John Paul II, the head of the Vatican at the beginning of the third millennium, theologically and philosophically substantiates and establishes the principles of a new humanism through the dialogue between the Church and art as the most personalized sphere of human activity. The conceptual essence of the key idea of the humanizing function of art, in the personalistic philosophy of art of John Paul II is revealed from the methodological standpoint of religious studies. It determines the particular nature and tasks of the renewed dialogue between the Church and artists, aimed to overcome the processes of depersonalization and dehumanization of culture, caused by atheistic humanism and growing increasingly during the 20th century. The author ponders on The Letter of Pope John Paul II to Artists and Towards a Pastoral Approach to Culture, two papal documents. Their appearance on the eve of the 2000th anniversary of Christianity became symbolic. These documents draw attention because, firstly, although the idea of a dialogue between the Church and artists as a way of embodying spiritual values of a new humanism in the theological and philosophical discourse of John Paul II had been formed over several decades, it found its conceptual solution precisely in these two papal documents. Secondly, it is in these two documents that the essence of the cultural policy of the 264th Pope is consistently set forth, meant to overcome the consequences of atheistic humanism and create a new humanism, and thus to overcome the civilizational anthropological crisis and develop a new ideological paradigm of the third millennium.
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YERMEKBAYEVA, A. Sh. "TO THE PROBLEM OF WOMEN INEQUALITY IN THE KAZAKH LITERATURE." Iasaýı ýnıversıtetіnіń habarshysy 129, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.47526/2023-3/2664-0686.05.
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The fate of women is one of the most urgent issues at any time. Since literature and human society are closely related, poets and writers cannot refuse to write about human values. Poets and writers of all times were able to convey the true picture and main problem of their era through the fate of the main characters of their works. The article considers the nature and inequality of women in the Kazakh society through works of national literature written at the beginning of the 20th century. In the course of the study, the images of female characters in literary works were analyzed and their fate was considered from the perspective of humanism and morality. The authors pay attention to the topic of women's freedom and inequality in the works written at the beginning of the 20th century, delve deeper into a number of issues, and closely consider the problems of social inequality in the Kazakh society and the period of tension of relations within the framework of universal values. As a result, they determined the factors that affected the sad life of Kazakh women and limited their freedom and inequality at the beginning of the 20th century. The authors used the historical method, comparative and research methods, as well as the principles of synthetic psychology, which are widely used in the analysis of literary works, while analyzing the fate and images of female characters in the Kazakh society in the mentioned historical period.
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Przhilenskiy, V. I. "The Existential Dimension of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights." Lex Genetica 2, no. 1 (November 4, 2023): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/lexgen-2023-2-1-79-94.
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This article explores the evolution of values and meanings of basic concepts of humanism in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. The author analyses such fundamental philosophical notions as the nature and existence of man, human rights, freedom, will, and justice. Comparative analysis of the two most important documents in this field, namely the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, shows a conceptual shift in the aforementioned topic. One of the main reasons for such a shift is the introduction in the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights of the notion of ‘existence’ as being necessary for the description of human abilities. Also worthy of attention is the approach to justice described by means of awareness. Such notions are absent in the Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, suggesting that a new understanding of the phenomenon of man has emerged in the past half-century, thus distinguishing one document from another. The article also analyzes the controversy between J.-P. Sartre and M. Heidegger which played a key role in rethinking humanism as a philosophical concept and value system. Sartre reasonably rejects the identification of existentialism as a pessimistic worldview, arguing that the doctrine of human subjectivity is humanistic in nature. In turn Heidegger highlights the ontological nature of all historical types of humanism, showing their dependence on the metaphysical context. The article discusses the notion of maintaining the universalist perspective, in order to better understand the idea of human rights in a new interpretation through the prism of the philosophy of existence. The conclusion drawn outlines the relevance of an in-depth philosophical interpretation of the basic concepts of bioethics and law.
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Bielova, Miroslava, and Oleg Byelov. "Principle of humanism and human rights." Visegrad Journal on Human Rights, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.61345/1339-7915.2024.2.3.
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Human and civil rights have emerged as a crucial legal institution, evolving through constitutional law, legal theory, and various legislative sectors. This institution gained prominence in the latter half of the 20th century, both nationally and internationally. It represents one of the most significant achievements in society’s legal development, tracing back to ancient times and culminating in its current status as an essential feature of democratic, rule-of-law states. However, the contemporary approach to democracy’s principles is considered somewhat outdated. There’s a global need to reassess established concepts and develop fresh perspectives on equality, justice, and protection. The enduring stability of human and civil rights protection is rooted in scientifically and practically tested principles. This concept’s viability and progressive nature stem from a blend of legal, moral, traditional, and other social regulatory norms. Such an approach helps prevent legal negativity from dominating the legal system and curbs legal nihilism and indifference. Legal principles serve as indicators of law’s development and starting points for legal regulation. They should reflect fundamental values, embodying the essence of “ideal” law. These principles aim to ensure ideological consistency in lawmaking, law enforcement, and overall legal order, guiding the legal system towards universal ideals like democracy, justice, equality, humanism, and individual freedom. Humanism, as a legal concept, views humans as supreme, self-sufficient, and self-aware beings. It manifests in at least two ways: as a moral requirement for human behavior and as a recognition of human beings as the highest social value within the state.
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Djalilov, Z. G., and B. Sh Batyrkhan. "THE ORETICAL DISCOURSE ON ISLAM AND POLITICS IN FOREIGN HUMANISM OF THE SECOND HALF OF 20th CENTURY." SERIES OF SOCIAL AND HUMAN SCIENCES 6, no. 322 (December 15, 2018): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2018.2224-5294.42.
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Lāms, Ojārs. "Rīgas humānistu laikmets latviešu romānistu tēlojumā." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 26/1 (March 1, 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-1.047.
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In the broad tradition of the Latvian historical novel, which has flourished in recent decades, the authors have a strong tendency to focus either on ancient history up to the 13th century or on events important to the Latvian nation in the 19th and 20th centuries. Writers are less interested in the era of humanism in the 16th and 17th centuries when the Latvian nation is still sprouting in the ground. However, these centuries have been crucial in defining the region’s geopolitical affiliation and cultural boundaries. From a broader diachronic view at Latvian novels, it can be stated that a number of Latvian writers, starting from the beginning of the 20th century, have tried to give a textual life to the humanist era in Livonia with various approaches to the historical novel thus creating a special set of texts to be called the Livonian text. Within the framework of this article, the view on the Livonian text consists of a review of 8 novels that have been written over more than a hundred years. They are not all texts on the subject but form a compact and representative sample in terms of theme, stylistics, and genre features. These texts are Andrievs Niedra’s (1871–1942) novel “When the Moon Wears Out” (Kad mēness dilst, 1902), Rutku Tēvs’s (1886–1961) “Rebellious Riga” (Dumpīgā Rīga, 1930) and “Mūksala Brothers” (Mūksalas brāļi, 1934), Astrīda Beināre’s (1937–2016) “Our Lady of Riga Monastery” (Rīgas Dievmātes klosteris, 1993), Aivars Kļavis’s (1953) tetralogy “Beyond the Gate” (Viņpus vārtiem), which consists of the novels “Jester of Adiaminde” (Adiamindes āksts, 2005), “Riga Humpback” (Rīgas kuprītis, 2007), “Ridiculed Soldier” (Piesmietais karavīrs, 2009), “Captives of the Traveling Circus” (Ceļojošā cirka gūstekņi, 2012).
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De Astrê, Antonio Isac Nunes Cavalcante, and Tiago Cordeiro Nogueira. "Sustainability and the new genesis of constitutionalism in the 21st century." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): e5285. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.2-216.
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Despite the advances that constitutionalism and humanism have made, the 20th century also saw an increase in individualism and anthropocentrism, resulting in a potentially irreversible global environmental crisis. It is in this context and in order to tackle these issues that the ethical and legal-political paradigm of sustainability has emerged. The general aim of this paper is therefore to characterize it as the structuring principle of the new genesis of constitutionalism. The specific objectives are to demonstrate its influence on the entire legal-political system, the overcoming of its anthropocentric concept, the re-reading of dignity and the new ownership of rights and the emergence of the Sustainable State. The new constitutional pact must go beyond the limitation of state power that benefits only the human person, conferring dignity on the entire ecosystem. The methodology used was the inductive method, with the techniques of reference, categories, operational concepts, fiching and bibliographical research.
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Ojeda Déniz, Pablo. "El sol del Renacimiento que alumbra las utopías: un estudio comparativo de la teoría política de Moro, Campanella y Bacon." Revista de Filosofía Laguna, no. 51 (2022): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.laguna.2022.51.03.
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Renaissance utopias belong to a period when Modernity was being built within political thinking, which turns them into a nexus between classical antiquity and the Enlightment, thereby preserving for posterity a series of critical issues, such as democracy, a radical version of natural law or the need for distribution of goods. Christian humanism is also present and, together with Plato’s concept of justice, it enables these utopias to set a different course from that followed by other Renaissance political theory options, founded either on political realism (Machiavelli) or on jus naturale as a justification of an authoritarian state (Bodin). Thus utopia spreads its wings not only announcing Modernity but also the 20th century socialist horizon
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Kaczmarek, Wojciech. ""Nacinanie sykomory" - czyli jak badać chrześcijański wymiar dramatu i teatru XX wieku." Colloquia Litteraria 21, no. 2 (January 13, 2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/cl.2016.2.1.
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The paper approaches the problem of a research of a Christian dimension of literature and theatre in the period of the crisis of Christian anthropology, which has been deeply felt at the end of the 20th century. Destructive elements have appeared in the understanding of the history and the role which Christianity has played in the construction of the world. The fruits of the contemporary culture have become sour; they contradict achievements of humanism and create an entity which has been named by Pope John Paul II as the “culture of death”. A researcher of the 20th century literature and theatre in his/her attempt to reach to the source of these processes and reveal real roots of the European culture must make an “incision” with Logos or with “the Light of the Gospel” on the body of the work created by this culture. So, that, as a result of this “incision” the elements which poison it might be eliminated. In this way a transcendental dimension of the European culture could be revealed and a proper description could start; proper because it could undertake the type of anthropology which had been revealed in the Bible and later developed by Judaism and Christianity.
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Mcallister-Grande, Bryan. "General Education for a Closed Society: Neo-Puritanism in American Civic Education After World War II." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 123, no. 11 (November 2021): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01614681221087298.
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Background/Context: This research is framed by both the historical lineage of the New Civics and the legacy of educational and curricular debates in the United States. It contributes to the literature on mid-20th century education. Purpose and Research Questions: This study explores the relationship between religion, civics, and education through the lens of university and faculty leaders at Harvard, Princeton, and Yale Universities in the mid-20th century. Research questions include (a) What were some of the major trends in curricular reform before totalitarianism emerged as an idea or concept, and how were they related to questions of freedom? (b) In the mid-to-late 1930s, how did the presidents of Harvard, Princeton, and Yale view the idea of totalitarianism/authoritarianism and its potential impact on these earlier reform efforts? In addition, what role did trustees, students, faculty, and other constituents play in these conversations? (c) What educational proposals were offered as solutions or counterattacks to totalitarian ideas? (d) What lessons can we draw today from these debates about educating for freedom? Research Design: This study utilized a historical case study design based on intellectual, educational, and cultural history. I examined more than 30 archival collections at Harvard, Princeton, and Yale; my focus was on curricular meeting minutes, presidential papers, dean’s papers, and individual manuscripts. Findings/Results: Most literature on 20th-century American education and civics focuses on secularization. My research instead emphasizes the dynamic relationship between religion and education, including the ways in which educational practices became religious in form and purpose. I illuminate the ways in which, even after World War II, Christian supernaturalism and secular facts were thought by a coterie of faculty and university leaders to be interconnected. Educators at Harvard, Princeton, and Yale referenced Christian Humanism—a fusion of supernatural and secular—as being highly relevant to their time.
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Lyu, Xiaoqin, and Xiaoxi Li. "The Construction of Wu Mi’s Literary Philosophy: The Integration of Humanism into Chinese Confucianism." English Language and Literature Studies 13, no. 3 (June 30, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v13n3p23.
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Wu Mi, a believer in humanism, and student of Irving Babbitt, loved traditional Eastern and Western cultures and advocated the “continuity and convergence” of literature. This is an ideology of fair and just treatment of the different cultures of the East and the West, externally opposing drastic cultural changes but internally pursuing the continuity of ancient and modern culture and the integration of Eastern and Western cultures. Due to its fierce criticism of “old literature” in the New Culture Movement, Wu Mi’s literary philosophy was considered old-fashioned and anachronistic at the beginning of the 20th century. On the contrary, Wu Mi had no bias toward the literature of the past and present, East and West, which is a significant step toward understanding in culture and its development, during turbulent and chaotic times.
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Boryshpol, H. "CULTURAL PHENOMENON OF UKRAINE’S SOCIAL IDEAL OF THE XXth – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXIst CENTURY." Bulletin of Mariupol State University Series Philosophy culture studies sociology 12, no. 24 (2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2849-2022-12-24-7-14.
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The study is considered as a continuation of the search for cultural content-forming components of the phenomenon of the social ideal as a basis for the formation of a new concept of humanism, the understanding of a new system of cultural and spiritual values. The author gives reasons for the significance of further search for the origin of the phenomenon of the social ideal in the chronotope of Ukrainian culture of the 20th - beginning of the 21st century. Emphasis is placed on the innovation of studying the phenomenon of the social ideal of the cultural network society of Ukraine in terms of its fundamental cultural dimensions. The research methodology is based on the systematic approach, which made it possible to apply the comparative, analytical and typological methods, as well as the approach of a historical and cultural commentary. Key words: social ideal, the public good, values, bifurcation, archetype, archetype rebranding, cultural network society.
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Szczot, Monika. "„Tecum per Romam ambulabamus”. Lekcje łaciny w esejach Micińskiego, Herberta, Krawczuka i Axera." Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae 33, no. 1 (September 20, 2023): 399–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sppgl.2023.xxxiii.1.28.
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The article has a complex structure. It begins with a brief overview of the teaching of Latin and its role in education. The main part of the article consists of analyses of essays containing descriptions of Latin lessons. The authors of the essays describe teachers and students, contrast past and present, talk about personal experiences, and show the role of Latin in contemporary culture. Latin not only described antiquity and the achievements of classical culture, but also formed the Polish language through its centuries–long presence in teaching systems. Krawczuk and Axer suggest that Latin improved morally, developed cognitively, and helped to better understand ancient literature and culture. Miciński and Herbert find in Latin lessons a moral signpost, humanism and a remedy for the totalitarianisms of the 20th century.
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Ploylearmsang, Chanuttha. "Health professionalism and health profession education in the 21st century." MedEdPublish 11 (November 2, 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/mep.17425.1.
Full textAbstract:
The dramatic, rapid and uncertain changes from the 20th to the 21st century are called global megatrends. Such trends are the emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, an aging society, environmental hazards, behavioural risks, and more complicated lifestyles of humans in the digital age with advanced information technology (IT) that impact much on epidemiological transitions, health security and healthcare. Health professionals are the key persons for dealing with these challenging healthcare trends. The next generation of health professionals should be equipped with high professionalism especially for the components of humanism that artificial intelligence (AI) cannot replicate. Moreover, interprofessional collaborative teamwork among health professionals is a required skill for working in dynamic transitions such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Interprofessional education (IPE) is one of the essential strategies for enhancing teamwork skills in learners. Six previously reported trends in health profession education for the 21st century are summarized, including interprofessional education, longitudinal integrated clinical education, understanding partnerships and social determination of health in patients, life-long learning, competency-based skills changeable over time, and AI and IT integrated in education. The connection among megatrends, trends in healthcare, health professionalism and health professional’s education will be important issues in academia for both health educators and health professionals.
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TERENKO, OLENA. "HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF ADULT EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN THE USA IN EARLY 20TH CENTURY." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2308-4081/2022-12(1)-2.
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The aim of the article is to analyse historical and pedagogical peculiarities of adult education development in the USA in the early 20th century in the context of reforming educational system of Ukraine. For fulfilment of the mentioned aim the following methods have been applied: a system of general theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison, abstraction etc.), and concrete scientific methods, namely term analysis and historical genetic analysis. Functioning of moonlight schools has been depicted. Determinants of the development of adult education in this period, in particular, such historical events as World Wars, the period of prosperity, the Great Depression and socio-economic factors have been singled out. The influence of industrialization and the introduction of new agricultural technologies on adult education has been presented. Legislative basics of adult education have been singled out, namely: Smith-Hughes Act (1917), which was aimed at vocational training at schools and colleges; George-Reed Act (1929), which emphasized the training of specialists in the field of home economics and agriculture; George-Deen Act of Vocational Education (1935), which provided additional funding for programs in agriculture, home economics, and industry; George-Barden Act (1946), which was flexible in the distribution of funding for education, provided money for teacher training; Bill of Rights (1944), called the Soldiers’ Bill of Rights because it dealt with loans for education and housing for demobilized soldiers; Employment Act (1946). Results of the conducted research work give opportunity to state that American experience in the field of adult education can help to create harmony between national traditions and world achievements on the basis of humanism and democracy; to give high quality educational service to adults, synchronize national system of adult education with world tendencies, provide conditions for adult education development and its influence on economic development of state.
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Astrakhan, N. "TRANSFORMATION OF ROMANTIC MOTIFS IN J. SCHUMACHER’S MUSICAL FILM THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA." Вісник Житомирського державного університету імені Івана Франка. Філологічні науки, no. 2(100) (July 5, 2023): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/philology.2(100).2023.7-17.
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The article analyses how J. Schumacher’s musical film The Phantom of the Opera (2004), based on A. L. Webber’s musical, revises some elements of the artistic and aesthetic system of Romanticism. Since the musical was based on the novel of the same name (1910) by a French Romantic writer Gaston Leroux, this multi-step reinterpretation allows one to observe a special perspective of the "end of a century" – to track how the postmodern film adaptation reflects the artistic and aesthetic shifts of the late 18th – early 19th century (when Romanticism emerged) and late 19th – early 20th century (Neo-Romanticism). At the same time, in J. Schumacher’s musical film, the forms of art associated with special artistic and aesthetic aspirations (theatre at the beginning of the 19th century, cinema at the beginning of the 20th century) define certain stylistic dominants and become markers of time, its revolutionary and catastrophic changes, as well as moral and aesthetic constants.
While the Romantic concept of the man and art is subject to reduction and profanation in G. Leroux’s epigonic novel, the context of postmodern film narration makes it possible both to enrich it with the artistic achievements of a two-century artistic evolution and simplify it to a universal formula. The artistic whole of the musical film The Phantom of the Opera reproduces the motifs peculiar to the brilliant authors of European and American Romanticism (G. G. Byron, E. T. A. Hoffman, V. Hugo, E. A. Poe) and epitomizes the ideals of humanism that reach their maximum in Christianity-inspired Classical Realism of the 19th century. The film neutralizes such traditionally associated with Romanticism oppositions as those of the ideal and reality or the artist and the general public. Art and life interact, creating a prerequisite for mutual understanding, harmonization, and escaping the tragic contradictions of being. This interaction enables reality to open up new opportunities, and art turns out to be the place of salvation and restoration of love-based relationships among people.
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Aray, Başak. "Sylvia Pankhurst and the international auxiliary language." Język. Komunikacja. Informacja, no. 12 (March 28, 2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/jki.2017.12.7.
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Sylvia Pankhurst was a pioneering figure of socialist feminism who advocated for universal suffrage and against war. Less well-known is her involvement in the movement for an international auxiliary language. In 1927, Pankhurst published a booklet, Delphos. The Future of International Language, where she described the growing need for a world auxiliary language and her support for Interlingua (Latino sine flexione). A biographically informed study of Delphos shows the modernist, cosmopolitan and democratic vocation of the international auxiliary language movement in the early 20th century. Pankhurst’s views on the motivation and principles of an interlanguage-to-come were widely shared by the international auxiliary language community. We present her support for Interlingua as an example of the scientific humanism that dominated the beginnings of interlinguistics, and relate her language activism to her socialist and pacifist stands.
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Polakowski, Marcin. "Johna Graya krytyka podstaw modernistycznych i postmodernistycznych projektów politycznych." Świat Idei i Polityki 9, no. 1 (2009): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/siip200902.
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Gray identifies modernity as a political trend, which has reached its developed expression in the Enlightenment political project, based on a rational reconstruction of morality, the idea of progress, secularization of politics and applying natural sciences methods to studying politics. The decline of the political Enlightenment, however, effected in some political disasters of the 20th century and left emptiness in the ideological space of western politics. Enlightenment project of a universal civilization demystificate not only premodern conceptions of political order, but also undermine itself and broke main intelectual western traditions. Political postmodernism, which is answer to this situation, inherits also some western conceptions like humanism embodied in emancipations tendencies or universalization of the liberal order. According to Gray’s thought, only radical attempt to theorize without typical western prejudices can be appropriate answer to late modern political and social reality
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Sira, I. "Scientific and pedagogical activity of the researchers of the Kharkiv Scientific and Pedagogical School (20 – 80s of the 20th century) and their opinions about the pedagogical ideas of H.S. Skovoroda." New Collegium 4, no. 109 (November 14, 2022): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/nc.2022.4.67.
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The article describes the scientific and pedagogical activity of the researchers of the Kharkiv Scientific and Pedagogical School (20-80s of the 20th century) and analyses their opinions regarding the pedagogical ideas of H.S. Skovoroda. The purpose of the article is a theoretical analysis of the scientific and pedagogical activity of the scientists of the Kharkiv Scientific and Pedagogical School based on the pedagogical ideas of H.S. Skovoroda in the 20s-80s of the 20th century. Based on the provisions of the national program “Education (Ukraine of the 21st century)”, pedagogy, in search of ways and means of training higher education teaching staff, turns to the study and use of the heritage of domestic educationalists. This approach will contribute to the discovery of their theoretical ideas and experience, will allow to add new materials to the history of pedagogical thought of Ukraine, will help to reveal the possibilities of creative use of the acquired general pedagogical experience in modern higher educational institutions. Since the beginning of the 1920s, Ukraine has undergone significant changes in the development of pedagogical thought. The process of Ukrainization of education and science was underway, national culture, art, and literature were developing. The Ukrainian language began to be widely used in teaching and education, the foundations of a new system of public education as a whole and higher pedagogical education as its important component were laid. The article contains short biographies and characteristics of the pedagogical activity of such educationalists as: S.A. Litvinov, M.O. Hryhoriev, A.I. Zilberstein, I.T. Fedorenko, who studied the theory and history of pedagogy, focusing on the development of didactics. It was noted that the deep interest of the scientists of the Kharkiv Scientific and Pedagogical School of the professors of the Kharkiv Pedagogical Institute named after H.S. Skovoroda (M.O. Hryhoryev, A.I. Zilbershtein, S.A. Lytvynov, I.T. Fedorenko) through the views of the humanist teacher Hryhoriy Skovoroda led to the study and generalization of his pedagogical heritage. It was determined that when studying the works of H.S. Skovoroda, scientists highly appreciated the poet’s attitude to the process of education and upbringing based on humanism. It has been proven that the scientists of the Kharkiv Scientific and Pedagogical School believed that the pedagogical ideas of H.S. Skovoroda left a deep mark in the history of pedagogical thought.
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Tuccini, Giona. "The bard of love: Memory and antiquity in Petrarch." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 53, no. 1 (November 11, 2018): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585818812452.
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Departing from Aulus Gellius’ concept of ‘classicus’, the article explores the intersection of this term with others, such as ‘exemplary’, ‘ancient’ and ‘modern’, while focusing on the classical hallmark of Petrarch’s oeuvre and on his relationship with classical authors, notably the Latin authors. It is precisely the figure of Petrarch, whose evocative lyrics have been a centuries-old source of inspiration, extending as far as Zanzotto in the 20th century, that warrants the introduction of the ‘ancient versus modern’ dichotomy. This has been subject to various interpretations over the centuries, with particular reference to the Fathers of the Church and to Humanism, the central perspective of renewal and research, which – while not being exempt from paradoxes and incongruities – encases the origins of ‘modern culture’ and modernity, by virtue of its emphasis on the study of the humanae litterae and on the concept of human perfectibility.
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Czajkowska, Agnieszka. "Obowiązki literatury. O wykładach polskich Noblistów (od Henryka Sienkiewicza do Olgi Tokarczuk)." Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 62, no. 1 (June 24, 2024): 391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.896.
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The article is a reflection on the changes in the understanding of the tasks of Polish literature from the beginning of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century. The observation is conducted on the examples of Nobel speeches by H. Sienkiewicz, W. S. Reymont, Cz. Miłosz, W. Szymborska and O. Tokarczuk, which are placed in the context of other self-commentary statements. The collected texts testify to the disappearance of thinking in terms of nation or community and the progressive individualization of the writer’s voice, which does not want to be an exponent of a general idea. The type of involvement in literature is also changing. Reading the Nobel speeches leads to the conclusion that the concepts of Polish writers illustrate the changes taking place in European culture. One of the most important is the departure from Christian roots in favor of secular humanism.
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Timashov, Konstantin N. "GILBERT SIMONDON AND EVALD ILYENKOV ON HUMANISM AND TECHNOCRACY." Вестник Пермского университета. Философия. Психология. Социология, no. 3 (2023): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2078-7898/2023-3-327-337.
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G.Simondon (1924–1989) and E.V.Ilyenkov (1924–1979) are outstanding philosophers of the second half of the 20th century, who searched for answers to the questions that the development of modern tech-nology posed to the mankind. These thinkers belonged to different philosophical traditions, but their ap-proaches converge in a number of significant points. They brought to the fore the sociocultural aspects of the integration of technology at the time when cybernetics attracted general attention as a methodology and was assigned a significant role in the progress of science and technology, both in France and in the USSR. This article aims to identify the common and the different in the criticism by Simondon and Ilyen-kov of some essential aspects of technical civilization and in their proposed solutions to a number of problems that arise in the course of its development at the present stage. An analysis and comparison of texts written by the philosophers in the 1950s–1960s showed that both of them state the presenceof dis-harmony in the relationship between culture and technology, the emergence of which they associate with the spread of the technocratic approach to technology and man and the mythology associated with it. Both authors stand on humanistic positions andconsider it necessary to eliminate the myths of technocracy in order to prevent the transformation of technology into a tool for the enslavement of man. However, their approaches differ significantly in their attitude to technology: Simondon fundamentallyrefuses to consid-er technology only as a means and endows it with certain autonomy, while Ilyenkov considers it primarily a means of achieving goals that a society formulates for itself as an ideal. For this reason, the Soviet phi-losopher insists on the need to eliminate all social, economic, and political obstacles to the creation of conditions for the complete liberation and comprehensive development of man, while Simondon high-lights the task of integrating technology into culture through cognizing it and identifying its immanent laws of development.
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Linhares, Bruno J. "Princeton Theological Seminary and the Birth of Liberation Theology." REFLEXUS - Revista Semestral de Teologia e Ciências das Religiões 8, no. 12 (May 13, 2015): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20890/reflexus.v8i12.234.
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Resumo: No ano de 1968 Rubem Alves apresentou sua tese de doutoramento “Towards a Theology of Liberation: An Exploration of the Encounter Between the Languages of Humanistic Messianism and Messianic Humanism” no Princeton Theological Seminary (PTS). Publicada como A Theology of Human Hope (1969), sua obra foi a primeira a utilizar o termo “Teologia da Libertação”, e teve grande influência no florescimento da teologia latino-americana na última parte do século XX. A tese não é apenas parte de uma longa ligação histórica do PTS com a Teologia da Libertação. À luz da contribuição inovadora da obra de Alves, este ensaio apresenta primeiro o papel do Princeton Theological Seminary como um dos lugares do nascimento da Teologia da Libertação; segundo, investiga o conteúdo e significado da teologia de Rubem Alves. Palavras-chave: Rubem Alves. Princeton Theological Seminary. Teologia da Libertação. Abstract: In the year 1968 Rubem Alves presented his doctoral dissertation “Towards a Theology of Liberation: An Exploration of the Encounter Between the Languages of Humanistic Messianism and Messianic Humanism” at Princeton Theological Seminary (PTS). Later published as A Theology of Human Hope, Alves’ work was the first to use the term “Theology of Liberation” and provided some basic impetus for the late 20th century flourishing of Latin American theology. Alves’ dissertation, however, is only a single part of a nearly century-long story linking PTS to the birth of Liberation Theology. It is, however, a greatly misunderstood story. In light of Alves’ innovative contribution, this essay attempts two things: first, I will tell the story of PTS’ role as one of the birth places of Liberation Theology in the United States, and second, I will investigate the content and meaning of Alves’ theology. Keywords: Rubem Alves. Princeton Theological Seminary. Liberation Theology.
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Halim, Verawati, and Jadi Sampurna Lima. "KONTRIBUSI GERRIT CORNELIS BERKOUWER TERHADAP PEMBAHASAN KEBEBASAN MANUSIA." VERBUM CHRISTI: JURNAL TEOLOGI REFORMED INJILI 6, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.51688/vc6.1.2019.art2.
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At the end of the 20th century discussions about human freedom has become discussions about free will. Discussions about this topic end up with the polemic between autonomy and heteronomy. The idea of autonomy tries to eliminate all limitations that obstruct human freedom. But after all the limitations have been eliminated, there are some raise questions about internal authority in a person’s self that limits him or her. In the opinion of the writer, theologians who approaches the problem of human freedom as a ‘freedom from’ would never touch the essence of human freedom. Gerrit Cornelis Berkouwer discusses human freedom not with the ‘free from’ approaches that will lead to a secularistic humanism but tries to look at the meaning of freedom biblically, that is “true freedom.” This kind of freedom does not depend on both external nor internal authorities, but rather depend on the hope of eschatological liberation where the believers will be in full obedience to Christ.
KEYWORDS: freedom; free will; autonomy; heteronomy; authority
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Sergeeva, Elena V. "THE BIBLE WORDS IN YESENIN’S POEMS OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD." Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 2 (2019): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/24107190_2019_5_2_184_196.
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Bible words have recently become the focus of linguists’ attention. They are viewed as separate vocabulary group in the system of nominative, expressive and metaphorical means of the Russian language. This paper examines the evolution of Bible words functioning in S. Yesenin’s poems from religious humanism to expressing revolutionary protest. Functioning patterns and techniques of desacralization are studied. The results of Yesenin’s poems analysis demonstrate that the poet used Bible words to convey the message that secular and sacred worlds can overlap. The topic of religious humanitarianism is developed on the basis of desacralization of Bible words that further actualize the meaning of sacrificing for the sake of Revolution. Against-God motives that were characteristic for the literary works of the early 20th century appear in Yesenin’s poetry. Reinterpretation of Bible words in various contexts in literary works definitely indicates their importance for poetic texts, and studying their functioning patterns in different type of discourse could be the focus for a number of further research works.
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Mehdiyeva, Leyla, and Zaur Rashidov. "The Human Project in the Philosophical System of Jean Paul Sartre." Metafizika Journal 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 41–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33864/2617-751x.2024.v7.i1.41-63.
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The 20th century is known as a period of awakening and radical movements in the history. New systems of thought emerged during this period. Some systems of thought expressed a direct return to man. The beginning of the return to man was set by S.Kierkegaard with his views related to existentialism. The emergence of existentialism as a philosophical system coincides with the period after the First World War. In this period, the loss of previous values, the problem of secularism, and the failure of the Enlightenment philosophy to justify itself are among the main problems. Existentialism began to take shape in Germany and France at about the same time, and in a short time it spread to many parts of the world - Italy, Spain, Latin America, India, England, the United States, Japan, etc. spread to countries. In Russia, the school of existentialism was created by N. Berdyayev and L. Shestov, and the German existentialism was created by Martin Heidegger and Karl Jaspers. The prominent representatives of French existentialism are Gabriel Marcel (1899), Jean Paul Sartre (1905-1980), Simone de Bavoir (1908-1986) and Albert Camus (1913-1960). It was Jean-Paul Sartre who perfectly placed the idea of individual human freedom at the center of his work. There are two important points in Sartre's philosophy: existence in itself and existence for itself. Sartre writes that; what is generally called consciousness is individual. The purpose of consciousness is to make existence for us. This is the fundamental state of consciousness. The main issue that Sartre took into account is that it is impossible to look at the philosophical problems of the 20th century in the context of general concepts. According to the philosopher, the best existentialism is humanism. In addition to his philosophical novels, Sartre became famous for his existentialist philosophy, which he developed in a unique way. He was one of the thinkers who marked the 20th century with his formation of existential Marxism and his political activity. In the conditions of the Second World War, when the concept of humanity was questioned, the work "Being and Nothingness", which is original and intertwined with life in every way, explains the current state of humanity along with Sartre's philosophical ideas.
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Ploylearmsang, Chanuttha. "Health professionalism and health profession education in the 21st century: an example of pharmacy education." MedEdPublish 11 (July 25, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/mep.17425.2.
Full textAbstract:
The dramatic, rapid and uncertain changes from the 20th to the 21st century are called global megatrends. Such trends are the emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, an aging society, environmental hazards, behavioural risks, and more complicated lifestyles of humans in the digital age with advanced information technology (IT) that impact much on epidemiological transitions, health security and healthcare. Health professionals are the key persons for dealing with these challenging healthcare trends. The next generation of health professionals should be equipped with high professionalism especially for the components of humanism that artificial intelligence (AI) cannot replicate. Moreover, interprofessional collaborative teamwork among health professionals is a required skill for working in dynamic transitions such as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Interprofessional education (IPE) is one of the essential strategies for enhancing teamwork skills in learners. Six previously reported trends in health profession education for the 21st century are summarized, including interprofessional education, longitudinal integrated clinical education, understanding partnerships and social determination of health in patients, life-long learning, competency-based skills changeable over time, and AI and IT integrated in education. The connection among megatrends, trends in healthcare, health professionalism and health professional’s education will be important issues in academia for both health educators and health professionals.
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Nikitchik, Alina. "Principles of Law in the Russian Liberal Doctrine of the Late 19th – Early 20th Century: A Positive Approach." Academic Law Journal 24, no. 4 (December 26, 2023): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/1819-0928.2023.24(4).550-558.
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The article examines the principles of law as interpreted by Russian liberal jurists of the late XIX – early XX centuries – N.K. Rennenkampf, G.F. Shershenevich, S.V. Pakhman and M.N. Kapustin. In the absence of special studies that allow to study the principles of law in the legal science of the Russian Empire the author reveals the signs identified by domestic scientists in understanding the guiding principles of legal regulation; the characteristic of the principles of legality, justice, humanism, democracy and formal equality proposed by lawyers of the pre-revolutionary period at the stage of problem formulation is presented. Special attention is paid to the concept of M.N. Kapustin according to which the legal sphere focuses on two types of principles at once: some carry the basic meaning of law and are an integral part of its essence (justice and formal equality), others are introduced artificially in the course of human mental activity in order to optimize the processes of creation, application and development of legislation. It is proved that the Russian jurists of the late XIX – early XX century insist on the scientific development of the principles of law and their investment in the form of legal norms that have a constituent character, direct action, stability and formal certainty. It is noted that the supporters of legal positivism, emphasizing the importance of legal doctrine and firmly fixing the term ≪principle≫ in scientific circulation, had a significant impact on the formation of the modern categorical apparatus. The relevance of the views of liberal jurists of the late XIX – early XX century, projecting the effect of the principles of law on overcoming gaps in legislation and optimizing law enforcement activities in terms of the exercise of discretionary powers is emphasized.
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Heidegger, Martin. "Letter on “Humanism”." Psihologìâ ì suspìlʹstvo 2, no. 2023 (December 2, 2023): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/pis2023.02.051.
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The proposed translation of a small work-essay of one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century, M. Heidegger (1889 – 1976), is an existential self-presentation of the unique philosophical thought in substantiating the meaning of being, the active presence of a human in the world in two mutually transitional dimensions of here-being: in the implementation of activity that reveals its essence, and in the action of the thought that thinks, allows the being to capture itself and gives it a w o r d, organizing itself as a l a n g u a g e. The being as an element of thought, unfortunately, “is brought to the altar of technical interpretation of thinking.” The accuracy of thought is reduced to operating with words, when a single word does not leave the pure element of being and expands its various semantic dimensions. And vice versa, “a thought comes to an end when it evades its element”, becoming, however, a tool of education, training and further – a matter of culture. That is why the thought “is the thinking of being”, where language is a home of its truth, “the tool of our domination over existence”. Therefore, “language is a home of being”, its enlightening-concealing presence. At the same time, “standing in the light of being... is the e x i s t e n t i a of a human” as a way of being inherent only to him and as an attributive property of namely human creation. There is the essence of here-being only in existentia, or in another way: the being of a light (= conscious) “here” is marked by the most important sign-trait of existentia. In this sense, a person is a substantially singled out being of “here”, its existing g a p, and at the same time “an ecstatic exit into the truth of being.” Metaphorically, Heidegger’s maxim is formulated as follows: “Man is the shepherd of the being”, where the last is the closest thing, which for him “remains the furthest, because he works with thought only existing, essential and is not able to think out the being as such.” It logically follows from this that intimacy exists as l a n g u a g e itself, that is, as “the home of being, living in which a person exists, since, protecting his truth, he belongs to it.” The humanity of a person is revealed in being as here-existentia which exists in reality as a destination, “becomes the defining event of history”, because, being present at this moment, it gives itself and at the same time refuses in itself. In this sense, being is a “gap event”, transcendence. And further, “the well-known “homelessness of the new European man” can be understood only in the light of being history and in the context of the homeland as closeness to being, because it is a sign of his obliviousness; and this means that “a person always considers and processes only essential”, i.e., what exists for him and not for the being as a secreted, although hiddenly filled with truth, e v e n t. On this reflexive amplitude of thoughts, Heidegger is more categorical: “homelessness is caused by the fate of being in the image of metaphysics, which is strengthened and at the same time hidden by it as homelessness”; and “man exists in abandonment”, essentially “there is an essentia whose entity, being existentia, is in living near” him. Highlighting the limitations of the human mind, the thinker criticizes humanism precisely because of its metaphysical understanding. Indeed, metaphysics does not ask questions about the t r u t h of being, but on the contrary, insists on forgetting it. Therefore, the word “humanism” must be returned to its essentially-historical meaning, its meaning must be revealed anew, first of all, by understanding the e s s e n c e of man, his eventfulness, existential feasibility. Furthermore, the concern for a return of humanity (humanitas) to man (homo) is justified. In this dimension, the essence of existentia as an ecstaticness is the “openness of being in the world.” “Being is a covering that covers a person, his existential essence, in its truth, building a l a n g u a g e as a home of existentia. That is why language is simultaneously the home of being and the home of a person.” The being thought goes beyond any theorizing, because it cares about l i g h t (=consciousness). This thought, listening to the gap of being, is an a c t i o n which goes beyond the format of any practice. “Thought breaks through action and deed...thanks to the pettiness of its inconclusive implementation.” The existential thought all-in-all “gives in its speech a w o r d to the ineffable meaning of being”, which breaks into the light, organizing itself as a linguistic way of manifesting being itself. In this constructive section, “the first l a w of thought is the appropriateness of speech about being as about event of truth,” in which “strictness of comprehension, thoroughness of language, and stinginess of words” rule. Therefore, Heidegger concludes, in the current world crisis, less philosophy is needed, and more attention to the t h o u g h t, which in future maturity is no longer philosophy, but existentia, which “thinks closer to the sources” and “paves with its narrative imperceptible furrows in language”.
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Mihajlović, Vladimir D. "Genius Loci Balkani: Reception of the Past and the Construction of the Academic Narrative on the Balkan Heritage." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2016): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v8i3.8.
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Postcolonial and postmodern perspectives, entering the humanities over the last decades of the 20th century, have contributed to the awareness that the present European interpretations of the past have been strongly influenced by the social and ideological context of the 19th and 20th centuries. Consciously or otherwise, the pioneers of research into the Classical antiquities have perceived the object of their research through their own perception of the relations in the world that surrounded them, thus inscribing their contemporaneous values onto the past and using thus conceived past in understanding, explaining and justifying the modern social/cultural phenomena. This contribution poses the question to which extent the social trends in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia have inspired and enabled the creation of an academic narrative about the uniqueness of the Balkan lands, based upon the continuity with the "ancient humanism", and social/cultural values, (allegedly) defined at the times of Ancient Greece and Hellenism. The relationship is considered between the modern trends and the formation of academic issues in the case of social and political circumstances that coincided with the creation of the discourse of the "Balkan spirit". The narrative is considered from the times of its formation up to the present, as well as the reasons for its wide popularity both in the academic community and the general public.
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Andreichykova, Olena. "Non-heroic heroes of the dystopia: the novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro in the context of modern literature." Journal of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Series "Philology", no. 90 (September 5, 2022): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-1864-2022-90-04.
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The article examines the features of the characters of the heroes of Kazuo Ishiguro's novel "Don't Let Me Go" in the context of the dystopia of the 21st century. Based on a comparison of the dystopias of the 20th century on the one hand, and dystopias of the 21st century on the other hand, the tendencies of the development of this genre and the principles of reflection of the world outlook of the heroes are traced. It is noted that a distinctive feature of 20th century dystopias is the conflict of heroes with the existing regime, while in the 21st century dystopias less attention is paid to this conflict than the problem of the psychological state of characters who have already realized that it is useless to fight the ideology of society. The purpose of the article is to study the character’s accentuation, previously not considered, of the characters of Kadzuo Ishiguro’s novel Don’t Let Me Go in the context of modern literature. The heroine of the novel Katie S. is endowed with intellectual and moral qualities that, as it turned out, cannot change her fate as a “second class” person. Her friends Ruth and Tommy also have a non-standard outlook: each of them has their own inclinations and their own preferences. This aspect of the novel can be considered as protest, directed against the social structure that divides people into "first-class" and "second-class". One of the main conclusions: modern society, having become a "consumer society", loses the main feature of humanism – love and respect for every representative of humanity, depriving a person of will and thirst for life that was given by nature. When analyzing Kazuo Ishiguro's novel Don't Let Me Go, critics often draw attention to the "Japanese" syndrome that is present in the English characters. The formula of "collective national thinking" does exist in the work, but it seems to be insufficiently covered in literary criticism. In our opinion, "Japanese" should be considered in two aspects: a) as traditional service to duty, acceptance of fate and humility in Japanese culture; b) as a lack of passionarity and a syndrome of learned helplessness, the features of which we observe in many modern "non-Japanese".
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Parijkova, Lubomira. "THE RESPONSIBILITY TO CONTINUE TRADITIONS IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM – 20TH NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION „KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY AND 21ST CENTURY HUMANISM“." Education and Technologies Journal 13, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26883/2010.221.4027.
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„Knowledge society and 21st century humanism“ is a national scientific conference with international participation held annually on 1st November at the University of Library Studies and Information Technologies and dedicated to the Day of the leaders of the Bulgarian Revival. The aim is, along with the celebration of the Day of the leaders of the National Revival, to give the scientific community the opportunity to present and get acquainted with the achievements in various thematic areas of knowledge. The idea for holding this forum came from Assoc. Prof. Dr. Petar Parijkov, lecturer and head of the Department of Book Distribution and General Education Disciplines at the then College of Librarianship in 2003. The concept is to initiate an international scientific conference entitled „The Book: Future Time in the Past?!“ within the traditional Sofia Book Fair. After the death of Petar Parijkov in 2007 the conference was organized by Prof. Dr. Kristina Varbanova–Dencheva and the Department of Book and Society. Since 2019, the team has been organizing the conference includes lecturers from the Department of Comprehensive Studies and all departments of the two faculties at ULSIT and is headed by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lubomira Parijkova (Department of Library Sciences). The report presents various stages of the organization of the conference, describing the mandatory elements, innovations over the years, following the traditions established over time.
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Podrezov, K. A., and Yu V. Ivanova. "Historical role of university libraries as cultural and educational center." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 5 (December 7, 2018): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2018-5-68-80.
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The need for studies to analyze the evolution of university libraries at the various historical stages is substantiated. The authors identify three periods when the library role was changing radically due to the changes in ideology and social demands. The authors explore the first period in detail and point to the narrative character of most publications on the library history lacking analysis of their humanitarian origins. The authors argue that, to conceptualize academic libraries mission at the present time, it is necessary to understand the university library mission from the historical perspective. They emphasize that cultural and educational activitiestoday is viewed in the context of personal socialization, or student’s social adaptation while the vector of information space development calls for conceptualization of the libraries’ humanitarian mission.The authors argue that, to understand a university library mission and, speaking wider – an education humanitarian principle we have to turn to historical and philosophic essence of humanism and enlightenment at the earliest stage of Russian academic libraries of the late 18th – early 20th century.
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Biemann, Asher. "Humanizing the It: Martin Buber on Technology and the Ethics of Things." Religions 13, no. 2 (February 2, 2022): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13020137.
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Martin Buber’s writings on technology are scarce and seemingly subordinated to what he described in I and Thou as the “tyranny of the It”. But a closer look at his writings reveals, in fact, a life-long reflection on the dialogical potentiality of things—whether artworks, buildings, or machines—that echoed broader discourses on technology at the time. Beginning with Julius Goldstein’s Die Technik (1912), which Buber edited for his series Die Gesellschaft, and concluding with Buber’s reception and critique of Heidegger, especially during the 1950s, we can see that Buber critically engaged with the question of technology with respect to labor and community, art and artisanship, and the ethics of thinghood. The essay contextualizes Buber’s repeated call to “humanize technology” in early 20th-century debates on technology and in the post-1945 crisis of humanism. What it argues is that Buber framed technology not only through its aesthetic potential, as Werk, but also as another form of solidarity and care without which community and respect for our environment would not be possible.
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Khondzinskii, Archpriest Pavel. "“It would be a good idea to carry out a research project called ‘Theologians’ ships’…”." Issues of Theology 5, no. 2 (2023): 314–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2023.209.
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A conversation with a historian of Russian theology of the Modern era touches upon the continuity of some key ideas that are characteristic of the Diaspora Theology of the 20th century in relation to the ideas whose origins are found in Russian spiritual and academic theology of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Contrary to the well-established opinion that Russian post-revolutionary emigration theology was a new, breakthrough phase in theological development, the author shows that such concepts as Trinitarian ecclesiology, personalism, theosis, kenotic theology (characteristic of this theology) in fact arise and form among Russian authors from the end of 1880-s until the turning point in 1917. The following specific questions are also raised during the conversation: the emergence of the Russian theological school, contemporary anthropology in its connection with the anthropology of St. Augustine; receptions of the Areopagite Corpus in pre-revolutionary Russia; the influence of Western theology, in particular French mysticism of the 17th century, as well as the influence of the latest philosophy and psychology for that time on representatives of the Russian spiritual and academic tradition. The author connects the peculiarities of Russian pre-revolutionary theology with the fact that among the Orthodox Churches, it is the Russian Church that is the first to find itself in the situation of the new time with its secularization, non-religious humanism and specific philosophical language. The status of Russian lay theologians (first of all, professors of theological schools, who belonged together with the teachers-priests to the same spiritual-academic corporation) is also discussed. The conversation can be considered as a multifaceted look at the history of Russian Orthodox theology in recent centuries, where there are still gaps identified by the author.
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Baranovska, T., H. Shpytalenko, and H. Lipska-romanchenko. "Establishment and development of state and legal mechanisms to prevent bankruptcy: domestic and foreign experience." Society and Security, no. 1(1) (December 28, 2023): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26642/sas-2023-1(1)-88-93.
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This article analyzes the historical development of the institution of bankruptcy, highlights its evolutionary changes in the context of the general principles of humanism. It is noted that in the past bankruptcy was considered a serious crime, but in the 19th century a transformation of approaches was observed, where harsh sanctions gave way to the humanization of society. Changes in modern trends are considered, pointing to the rejection of the separation of bankruptcy systems and emphasizing the concept of an effective system of insolvency law and bankruptcy prevention. The article is aimed at a retrospective analysis and highlighting of key aspects of the evolution of the bankruptcy institution with an emphasis on the transition from a punitive to a compensatory concept and the importance of preventive measures. The period from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 20th century was considered. The norms and legislative acts of France, Germany, and Italy are analyzed, highlighting the variety of approaches to determining the insolvency and responsibility of debtors. In particular, the laws issued in the 16th century, which for the first time distinguished between unfortunate and malicious insolvency, are examined. An important stage is the analysis of the period of bankruptcy law reforms in the 19th century, when a change in the direction of legislation on business preservation and social protection of employees of debtor enterprises is noted. The article also notes reforms in French and German legislation aimed at balancing liquidation and rehabilitation procedures. The general conclusion is that the history of bankruptcy is closely related to the social organization of the country and the financial challenges of its era.
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Percival, W. Keith. "Reflections on the history of dependency notions in linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 17, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.05per.
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Summary This paper outlines the history of dependency notions from Antiquity to the present century. Although the notion of syntactic dependency was unknown in Antiquity, the idea of semantic dependency was foreshadowed in early definitions of the minor parts of speech, i.e., parts of speech other than the noun and the verb. In part, this happened because logicians had originally posited only the two major parts of speech, and grammarians then formulated their definitions of the minor parts of speech in relation to those of the noun and the verb. The adverb, for instance, was defined as augmenting or diminishing the meaning of the verb. The first writer who used (if not coined) a special term to refer to the notion that some words specify or ‘determine’ the meanings of the subject noun and the verbal predicate was Boethius (ca. 500 A.D.), and in this way the notion of ‘determination’ was launched. As a result of the subsequent popularity of Boethius’s logical works, ‘determination’ was adopted and extensively utilized by Latin grammarians from the 12th century on. In the 13th century, it was complemented by the term ‘dependency’, which was the logical converse of ‘determination’. Grammarians claimed that a dependency relation exists between the members of all constructions. The vogue of ‘dependency’ declined even before the advent of Renaissance humanism, while ‘determination’ survived. In the early modern period, the terminological repertory expanded. Thus, in the 18th century, French grammarians coined the terms ‘modification’ (Buffier) and ‘complement’ (Du Marsais). The 20th century has been marked by a further increase of new terms. Inspired by Tesnière’s posthumous Elèments de syntaxe structurale (1959), some linguists have also proposed formalized dependency theories as alternatives to phrase-structure grammar.
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Chuprynska, Olena. "THE ROLE AND EFFICIENCY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS IN PROVIDING ASSISTANCE DURING HUMANITARIAN CRISES." InterConf, no. 16(121) (August 20, 2022): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.08.2022.003.
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International organizations have proven themselves to play a crucial role in conflict mitigation and resolution. From their rapid development during the late 19th-20th century, they have been an integral part of providing assistance to victims of nearly every significant armed conflict or natural disaster. International organizations focused on humanitarian aid remain neutral and are expected to focus all their efforts on lessening the destructive impact of catastrophes by providing lifesaving necessities including food, water, medical equipment, and assistance to those in need. But sometimes the decisions and actions carried out by those, who are supposed to provide aid on the international scale, appear to be questionable and go completely against the fundamental principles of humanism and organizational codices. This article focuses specifically on the activities of the International Committee of the Red Cross, and the efficiency of the organization’s participation in assisting the victims of force majeure and armed conflicts. However, the goal of this research is to highlight and display the factors that are causing society to lose trust in the morality and goals of the ICRC in the conditions of the modern world.
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Asmarani, Dini, Sarah Monica, and Sari D. Ratri. "Tension of Religious-Traditions and the Ideas of Women's Liberation in Dreams of Trespass’ Novel by Fatima Mernisi." Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan 20, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v20i2.1040.
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This article examines a novel titled “Dreams of Trepass: Tales of a Harem” as the literature work represents Fatima Mernissi’s critical thought in fighting for gender equality. The research methodology used is qualitative approach with textual analysis method. Based on research findings, Fatima Mernissi narrates the women liberation discourse through literature works which is not entirely fiction for its rooted from Fatima Mernissi’s own experiences who originated from harem-living family. The work is a reflexive of reality, as well as an aspiration for the ideal future in terms of the equal roles and rights between women and men. It concludes, feminism critical thought’s Fatima Mernissi needs to put on the living context where the work was created and historical time on which recounted, namely related to Arabic culture and Islamic religiosity in the 20th century Morocco. In that period, the world was transiting from colonization era to the movement of global nationalism in colonized countries, including Morcco. Therefore, there is collision between tradition and modernity which influencing women’s thoughts and thoughts of women in regards of universal humanism values with religious interpretation on the Islamic holy Qur’an.