Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Humanism – 20th century'
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Yu, Xuying, and 郁旭映. "Alternative modernity discourse and intellectual politics in modern and contemporary China: a case study ofXueheng school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079844.
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Comparative Literature
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
周嘉耀. "內聖外王?: 第三期儒家人文主義的現代轉向-對民主與科學之一回應 = Neisheng-waiwang? : the modern turn of Confucian humanism at its third period - a response to democracy and science." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1111.
Full textHorikawa, Nobuko. "Not Just Child's Play| Neo-Romantic Humanism in Ogawa Mimei's Stories." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10285140.
Full textDuring the early twentieth century, Japan was modernizing in all areas of science and art, including children’s literature. Ogawa Mimei (1882-1961) was a prolific writer who advanced various literary forms such as short stories, poems, essays, children’s stories, and children’s songs. As a writer, he was most active during the late Meiji (1868-1912) to Taishō (1912-1926) periods when he was a socialist. During that time, he penned many socialist short stories and children’s stories that were filtered through his humanistic, anarchistic, and romanticist ideals. In this thesis, I analyze Mimei’s socialist short stories and children’s stories written in the 1910s and 1920s. I identify both the characteristics of his writing style and the themes so we can probe Mimei’s ideological and aesthetic ideas, which have been discounted by contemporary critics. His socialist short stories challenged the dogmatic literary approach of Japanese proletarian literature during its golden age of the late 1920s and early 1930s. His socialist children’s stories also deviated from the standard of Japanese children’s literature in the 1950s and 1960s. In this thesis, I break away from the narrow views that confined Mimei to certain literary standards. This thesis is a reevaluation of Mimei’s literature on his own terms from a holistic perspective.
Cheng, Chi-Suen. "Yves Daniel-Lesur and le canique des cantiques: nonconformism and humanism in a mid-twentieth-century choral work." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/310.
Full textLizama, Natalia. "Afterlife, but not as we know it : medicine, technology and the body resurrected." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0186.
Full textBackx, Isabela 1986. "Paul Rivet e Paulo Duarte : discursos sobre humanismo e arqueologia no Brasil." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281612.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: A presente pesquisa analisa como se deu a construção dos discursos sobre Homem e Humanismo por Paul Rivet e Paulo Duarte, intelectuais que influenciaram de maneira fundamental o desenvolvimento de alguns dos principais pilares da Arqueologia acadêmica no Brasil. Essa investigação tem o objetivo de demonstrar que os conceitos não são verdades naturais e imodificáveis, mas construções discursivas que devem ser investigadas para ressaltar sua historicidade e seus usos políticos, e, portanto, sua capacidade de transformação e adaptação. Este trabalho foca-se especialmente na análise dos conceitos de Homem e Humanismo em Rivet e Duarte, procurando demonstrar que sua construção se deu obedecendo aos desejos, interesses e contextos de seus produtores. Relidas na atualidade, tais concepções podem abrir espaços para repensarmos termos que são caros à Arqueologia
Abstract: This research aims to analyze how speech construction about Human and Humanism were made by Paul Rivet and Paulo Duarte, intellectuals who deeply influenced the development of some of the main pillars of academic Archaeology in Brazil. This research aims to show that a concept is not an unchangeable and natural truth, but it is a discursive construction that should be investigated to stand out its historicity and politic uses, and therefore its transformation and adaptation capability. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the concepts of Man and Humanism in Rivet e Duarte, trying to show that the construction of these concepts were based on obeying the producers 'desires, interest and contexts. Read today, these concepts are able to open up spaces for rethinking terms that are important to Archaeology
Mestrado
Historia Cultural
Mestra em História
Dennison, John. "Seamus Heaney and the adequacy of poetry : a study of his prose poetics." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3026.
Full textClaro, Mauro. "Dissolução da Unilabor: crise e falência de uma autogestão operária - São Paulo, 1963 - 1967." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-04032013-103923/.
Full textThis study aims to gather elements to explain the crisis that dissolved Unilabor, a workers\' self-management experience in São Paulo that was unique in its time, through the analysis of the company\'s internal documentation, through information provided by some of the participants who were interviewed, as well as by resorting to the hypothesis of prevalence of an instrumental rationality, at one point, in place of the substantive rationality assumed in the fundamentals of the community. The elements for the formulation and analysis of this hypothesis come from Marxist theories of labor, as reformulated and updated by authors such as Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz, and Ricardo Antunes, who, albeit not uniformly, have pointed out the current elements of a crisis of the category \'work\' as a central element in the creation of wealth. Additionally, the concepts of community, solidarity, hope, and friendship, as defined and analyzed by Giorgio Agamben, and Terry Eagleton will be used to open the conclusions of this paper up to discussion. The aesthetic aspect, embodied in the industrial design of the furniture produced by Unilabor is present as a background for the substantive insufficiency hypothesis that is presented, since it intends to function as a factor that is pedagogical, thus concerning the learning of one\'s craft by workers involved in the self-management. This aesthetic program, as much as the solidarity, friendship, and substantive rationality, also proved to be insufficient for the maintenance of community ties.
Roodt, Vasti. "Amor fati, amor mundi : Nietzsche and Arendt on overcoming modernity." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1230.
Full textVerheij, Gerbert. "The aesthetic of Lisbon: Writing and practices during the early 20th century." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404490.
Full textLa presente investigación enfoca la noción de “estética urbana” tal como la fueron articulando las escritos sobre la ciudad y los diferentes modos de hacer cuidad durante las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX. Un copioso vocabulario – estética urbana, estética citadina, estética da cidade, das edificações, da rua… – señala un entendimiento persistente de la ciudad experimentada y deseada como obra de arte. La aspiración global de la investigación es dar visibilidad y reconstruir las condiciones de legibilidad a este conjunto de escritos y prácticas que respondían a la llamada antes atractiva del estético. Lisboa es el territorio elegido para rastrear su enredo conceptual y material. Sobre todo a partir de 1900 el tema se vuelve una parada casi obligatoria en escritos sobre el presente y futuro de la ciudad. El uso de argumentos de carácter estético para describir críticamente la belleza o, más comúnmente, la fealdad urbana, para promover mejoras estéticas o para justificar o criticar ideas y proyectos concretos era consistente e insistente. En el trasfondo se apunta el cerrado intercambio internacional durante la formación de las modernas disciplinas urbanísticas, de la Town and City Planning a la Städtebau y el Urbanisme. Dentro del horizonte disciplinar, las consideraciones estéticas tenían lugar relevante, y el desarrollo de la “estética urbana” en Lisboa es interpretado como manifestación de la recepción de ideas, palabras, imágenes y personas que circulaban internacionalmente. Asimismo, se propone una especie de arqueología de la mirada y del discurso de la “estética urbana,” estudiando las funciones que la noción ejercía en distintos contextos sociales, culturales y políticos y las relaciones y tensiones que nacían del embate con realidades urbanas relevantes. Una de las conclusiones es que la noción de “estética urbana” apenas se definía; era un lugar común que se alimentaba más de la hostilidad compartida ante el moderno paisaje urbano que de un programa o solución explícito. Por otro lado, se indaga como las exigencias de la opinión pública de “supervisión estética” eran asimiladas o no en ordenanzas e instituciones municipales o nacionales. Los cuatro años en los que el arquitecto Miguel Ventura Terra integró el ayuntamiento de la ciudad, de 1908 a 1913, resultan decisivos en el pretendido despliegue de prácticas eficaces de controlo estético y diseño urbano, incluso cuando no recibieron la deseada amplitud legal e institucional durante las dos décadas siguientes. Después de 1926 el vocabulario de la “estética urbana” fue, por ende, apropiado por una nueva generación de arquitectos, urbanistas y políticos y puesta al servicio de los ideales urbanos de la dictadura del Estado Novo, sugiriendo que motivos estéticos persistan en la constitución de la moderna disciplina urbanística. Un epílogo propone que la mirada hacia y desde la estética urbana puede contribuir a esbozar nuevas perspectivas sobre la producción y experiencia de la ciudad de Lisboa durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX.
Este estudo aborda a noção de “estética urbana” ou “da cidade,” tal como foi formulada durante as primeiras três décadas do século XX em escritos sobre a cidade, e praticada em diferentes formas de produção de espaço. Um profuso vocabulário – estética urbana, estética citadina, estética da cidade, das edificações, da rua… – assinala um entendimento persistente da cidade experimentada e desejada como obra de arte. A ambição global deste estudo é a de dar visibilidade a e reconstruir as condições de legibilidade deste conjunto de escritos e práticas que respondiam ao apelo outrora tentador do estético. O território elegido para rastrear a trama conceptual e prática destas ideias – tão intrincadamente ligadas às especificidades do lugar – é Lisboa. Sobretudo a partir de 1900 o tema torna-se passagem quase obrigatória em escritos sobre o presente e o futuro da cidade. Argumentos de carácter estético eram mobilizados de forma consistente e insistente para descrever criticamente a beleza e, mais comummente, a fealdade urbanas, para promover “embelezamentos” e para justificar ou criticar ideias e projectos concretos. Este fenómeno é visto contra o fundo de um denso intercâmbio internacional durante a formação das modernas disciplinas urbanísticas, da Town and City Planning à Städtebau e ao Urbanisme. Neste panorama, considerações estéticas marcavam presença, e o florescimento da “estética urbana” em Lisboa é entendida como sintoma da recepção desta circulação internacional de ideias, palavras, imagens e pessoas. Mais especificamente, este estudo propõe uma espécie de arqueologia do olhar e do discurso da “estética urbana,” estudando as funções desempenhadas por este termo em diferentes contextos sociais, culturais e políticos e as relações e tensões que nasciam do seu confronto com realidades urbanas relevantes. Uma conclusão é que a noção de “estética urbana” ficou por definir; era um lugar comum que dependia mais de uma animosidade partilhada perante a moderna paisagem urbana do que um programa ou solução explícita. De seguida, a assimilação (e não-assimilação) das exigências públicas de “supervisão estética” em regulamentos e instituições municipais ou nacionais é rastreada. Os quatro anos em que o arquitecto Miguel Ventura Terra foi vereador da cidade, entre 1908 e 1913, revelam-se cruciais nesta tentativa de articular práticas efectivas de controlo estético e desenho urbano, mesmo se durante as duas décadas subsequentes estas nunca receberam a desejada abrangência legal e institucional. A partir de 1926 o vocabulário da “estética urbana” foi apropriado por uma nova geração de arquitectos, urbanistas e políticos, e posto ao serviço dos ideais urbanos da ditadura do Estado Novo, sinalizando a persistência de motivos estéticos na constituição da moderna disciplina urbanística. Um epílogo propõe que o olhar para e desde a estética urbana pode contribuir a trazer novas perspectivas sobre a produção e experiência da cidade de Lisboa durante as primeiras décadas do século XX.
Bielen, Carter. "International Obligations and the International Criminal Court: An Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3021.
Full textThis thesis begins by analyzing three different philosophies on human rights. It looks to the foundations of these theories, but focuses primarily on the obligations that each system creates. It evaluates cosmopolitanism and two different institutionalist arguments, eventually settling on a tiered system of international responsibility as the strongest and most practical conception of rights. The second chapter of the thesis discusses the role of the International Criminal Court as a part of this tiered system, and as a means to promote human rights across the globe. This section evaluates the court by considering its historical foundations, its goals and responsibilities, and its actions over the past ten years. It concludes by providing recommendations for the future of the court
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: College Honors Program
Tsinoudi, Isidora. "Amour et humanisme dans l'oeuvre de Helli Alexiou." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210124.
Full textDoctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
PAGLIARULO, CARLA. "I. Giordani, uomo di lettere e di cultura, e l'ideale di un «cristianesimo integrale»: alcuni carteggi indediti." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1795.
Full textThis dissertation aims at setting Igino Giordani within the broader framework of the catholic cultural environment between the two world wars. It focuses on his proposal of an «integral Christianity» as a solution to the recession which threatened the fundamental values and principles of the economy, politics and culture during the 1920's and 1930's. This is the reason why the relationships between Giordani and many of his colleagues and cultural catholic institutions have been studied in depth. The work starts with a biography, underlining how Giordani's youth has been affected by the war and the experience as a soldier, up to his peaceful death, in 1980. His life shows how the consistency of his actions with his faith made him an influent personality in his working environments, to the point that the beatification process has begun. The research is based on Giordani's writings and on the previous historiography, but the most important source is constituted by a large number of archive documents. Particularly, Giordani's private correspondence has been very useful in understanding how he acted in order to support the engagement of the catholic intellectuals during the dark fascist age and his endless activity in order to build a new humanism. The work also focuses on the relationships between Giordani and two members of the Italian catholic world of the time: Giovanni Papini and Piero Bargellini.
PAGLIARULO, CARLA. "I. Giordani, uomo di lettere e di cultura, e l'ideale di un «cristianesimo integrale»: alcuni carteggi indediti." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1795.
Full textThis dissertation aims at setting Igino Giordani within the broader framework of the catholic cultural environment between the two world wars. It focuses on his proposal of an «integral Christianity» as a solution to the recession which threatened the fundamental values and principles of the economy, politics and culture during the 1920's and 1930's. This is the reason why the relationships between Giordani and many of his colleagues and cultural catholic institutions have been studied in depth. The work starts with a biography, underlining how Giordani's youth has been affected by the war and the experience as a soldier, up to his peaceful death, in 1980. His life shows how the consistency of his actions with his faith made him an influent personality in his working environments, to the point that the beatification process has begun. The research is based on Giordani's writings and on the previous historiography, but the most important source is constituted by a large number of archive documents. Particularly, Giordani's private correspondence has been very useful in understanding how he acted in order to support the engagement of the catholic intellectuals during the dark fascist age and his endless activity in order to build a new humanism. The work also focuses on the relationships between Giordani and two members of the Italian catholic world of the time: Giovanni Papini and Piero Bargellini.
Piqué, Buisan Joel. "Procesos de construcción social y científica de la homeopatía en Catalunya (1890-1924)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665875.
Full textThis research aims to contribute to the historical understanding of the role played by homeopathy in scientific and social development in Catalonia at the beginning of the 20th century (1890-1924) from the efforts of this group to professionalize and relate to the orthodox science of this time. The thesis explores the different strategies of legitimation used by the group of homeopathic doctors not to be excluded from the scientific current that was being defined, and part of the hypothesis that in the first decades of the 20th century, in a context in which the conceptual framework of today’s medicine was being defined, the processes of social and scientific construction were key in the legitimation and the consequent obtaining of authority, of each of the medical systems that made up the medical science of the moment. In this sense, the memory deepens in key areas in the development of medicine: the institutionalization of the discipline and its organs of diffusion; the competence market of clinics and dispensaries along with the relationship of the homeopathic remedy with the pharmaceutical market and the consequent transformation of the patient into a client; and the introduction of the laboratory and experimental discourses as key aspects in the scientific consolidation of medicine. From the study of bidirectional relationships in these different areas, the thesis shows the debates, controversies and epistemological changes that took place within the homeopathic movement itself and that were key in the development of the discipline. At the same time, this research introduces how, from the strategies used for its legitimation, homeopathy participated in the consolidation of the liberal / capitalist society, endowing the Catalan capital with institutions for the maintenance of social order and resignifying homeopathic therapeutics to include the homeopathic remedy in a powerful market, and at the same time reveals the connections between the aristocratic and bourgeois classes with the public presence of the discipline through the analysis of the Hospital Homeópata del Niño Dios. This report presents, from a novel historiographic perspective and characterized by its critical approach, the strategies of legitimation, the processes of inclusion, exclusion, reception and adaptation of new scientific discoveries by a medical system that sought to legitimize its postulates so as not to be excluded. of official medicine. The thesis reveals the key strategies in the social and scientific construction of homeopathy in Catalonia: the institutional strategy, the discursive and the methodological or experimental, which paradoxically in some cases caused the social legitimization and the scientific delegitimization of homeopathy.
Aramendía, Manuel. "Alternativa personal para el estudio del proceso escultórico : precedentes históricos y debate actual." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405419.
Full textPihl, Per-Jonas. "Människovärde i det moderna samhället : Synen på alkohol, effektivitet och familj hos Blå och Vita bandet i Norrbotten." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162428.
Full textLópez, Páez Montserrat 1970. "Entre la vida y el arte: proyectos artísticos de los 90 que se conciben desde y para las personas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669886.
Full textVivolo, Vitor da Matta. "Gastão Cruls e a auscultação da sociedade brasileira." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19885.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present work aims to investigate Gastão Cruls (1888-1959), an author of medical short stories and novels in the first half of the 20th century. Through a study of his biography, gathered from documents of his family’s personal collection and his works – specially Coivara (1920), A Amazonia Mysteriosa (1925), Elsa e Helena (1927), Vertigem (1934) e De Pai a Filho (1954) – we aim to reveal polyphonic dimensions of discourse between his historical subject, his fictional work and his own historical period. Our approach is essentially Bakhtinian which allows Gastão Cruls to be a great historiographic object of study considering that he composes a historical personality as the member of an extensive spectrum of social relationships and practices. Metaphorically, we could draw a comparison between him and an intersection point: intertwined with a remarkable visibility in Brazilian intellectual elite, also intersected by plethora of multiple interests and interdisciplinary actor in publishing segments. We observed that the overlapping of his personal, historical and fictitious spheres revealed historical features of the medical training during Rio de Janeiro’s Belle Époque: doctors and patient’s daily routines, human suffering in clinical conditions according to Medicine of his time, the national discussions concerning the future of Brazil and even the inception of psychoanalysis into Brazilian Medicine. Those are the kind of historical issues discussed in his fictitious works
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar Gastão Cruls (1888-1959), autor de contos e romances de teor médico na primeira metade do século XX. Através de sua vida, por nós rastreada por documentos de seu acervo familiar pessoal, e suas obras - especialmente Coivara (1920), A Amazonia Mysteriosa (1925), Elsa e Helena (1927), Vertigem (1934) e De Pai a Filho (1954) - procurarmos revelar dimensões discursivas polifônicas entre sujeito histórico, sua obra fictícia e seu próprio tempo. Nossa abordagem é essencialmente bakhtiniana, tornando Gastão Cruls uma ótima possibilidade de objeto historiográfico, pois compõe uma personalidade histórica que era membro de um largo espectro de convívio e de atuação. Metaforicamente, podemos adotar sua comparação a um ponto de intersecção: perpassado por correntes de destaque notável na elite intelectual brasileira, também cruzado por uma gama de interesses múltiplos e atuante interdisciplinar em segmentos de publicação. Pudemos observar que a sobreposição de tais âmbitos pessoais, históricos e fictícios, nos relevaram questões históricas referentes à formação médica na Belle Époque carioca, o quotidiano de doutores e pacientes, o sofrimento humano nas condições clínicas segundo a medicina da época, as discussões nacionais concernentes ao futuro do país e a até mesmo a entrada da psicanálise na medicina brasileira. São tais as questões históricas discutidas em suas obras fictícias
Egypto, Diogo José Freitas do. "“Não é a antimúsica, é a música em movimento!”: uma história do Grupo Jaguaribe Carne De Estudos (Paraíba, 1974-2004)." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8364.
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The main focus of discussion in this work is the Grupo Jaguaribe Carne de Estudos, an artistic and cultural movement founded in 1974 in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba, by brothers Pedro Osmar and Paulo Ró. The group has gone through more than four decades of work, developing a set of activities called “guerrilha cultural” - which ranges from artistic production in various languages (music, poetry, visual arts, etc.) to the support and direct intervention in social, cultural and educational projects. Assuming that you can tell a story of Jaguaribe Carne, this paper aims to reconstitute the group´s trajectory, by highlighting some of its most distinctive features, such as the founders´biography, early activities, performances, collaborators, projects and discography; approach the artistic and cultural production in Brazil and Paraíba during the military regime; discuss the concept of “guerrilha cultural” as well as the possible relations and dialogues between the group from Paraíba and other contemporary movements, such as the “alternatives”, the “desbunde” and the Tropicália; analyze, by taking the concept of hybridity as a theoretical tool to understand popular music, some of the group´s compositions, present in the LP Jaguaribe Carne Instrumental and in the CD Vem no Vento. In terms of methodology, this work develops from a crossing between bibliographical, oral, audio-visual and musical sources.
Este trabalho tem como principal foco de discussão o Grupo Jaguaribe Carne de Estudos, movimento artístico-cultural fundado em 1974 na cidade de João Pessoa, na Paraíba, pelos irmãos Pedro Osmar e Paulo Ró. O grupo já atravessa mais de quatro décadas de atuação, desenvolvendo um conjunto de atividades denominadas de “guerrilha cultural” - um trabalho que engloba desde a produção artística em diversas linguagens (música, poesia, artes plásticas, etc.) até o apoio e a intervenção direta em projetos de cunho social, cultural e educacional. Partindo do princípio de que é possível contar uma história do Jaguaribe Carne, este trabalho busca reconstituir a trajetória do grupo, atentando para alguns dos seus aspectos mais distintivos, tais como a biografia de seus fundadores, o início das atividades, as apresentações, os colaboradores, os projetos e a produção discográfica; abordar a produção artístico-cultural brasileira e paraibana durante o período do regime militar; discutir o conceito de “guerrilha cultural”, bem como as possíveis relações e diálogos entre o grupo paraibano e outros movimentos que lhe são contemporâneos, a exemplo dos “alternativos”, do “desbunde” e da Tropicália; analisar, tomando o conceito de hibridismo como uma ferramenta teórica de compreensão da música popular, algumas composições do grupo presentes no LP Jaguaribe Carne Instrumental e no CD Vem no Vento. Em termos metodológicos, o trabalho se desenvolve a partir de um cruzamento entre fontes bibliográficas, orais, audiovisuais e musicais.
SANTOS, Alcineia Rodrigues dos. "O processo de dessacralização da morte e a instalação de cemitérios no Seridó, séculos XIX e XX." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1223.
Full textThe beginning of this research lies at the wish of understanding the relation among the population from the region of Seridó, the death and the dead when cholera morbus, smallpox and yellow fever‟s epidemic outbreak exterminated part of the population from that region, causing deep modifications in the funeral culture. Thus, our aim is to analyze how this epidemic impact contributed to a changing action towards people‟s funeral habits and attitudes concerning death and the dead in Seridó as from 1850. During the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, the attitudes of the inhabitants from the Province of Rio Grande do Norte regarding life‟s finite limit were based on the familiarity between the living and the dead, which led to a relation characterized by rituals after the death and the burial inside churches. This procedure was largely used by the Catholic Christians and it allowed a close contact between the dead and the living because when the congregation was inside the church they would walk around, sit and pray on the grave. The impact of the epidemic was fundamental to change the funeral culture. The diseases were responsible for a high mortality rate and consequently the burial inside the churches turned out being unfeasible because there was no time enough to the bodies‟ decomposition. As a result, the hygienist discourse that, under European influence, struggled against the ad sanctos burial was enhanced in order to prevent from other diseases and in favor of public hygiene. Under this perspective, a secularizing process takes place in Seridó, alike other Brazilian regions such as in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. It is this process we want to comprehend, based on official documents produced by the Presidents of the Province and Municipal Counties, wills and parochial obituary registers, besides visual resources like ground plans, photographs and videos, so that the secularized cemeteries of the region are analyzed.
Esta pesquisa surgiu a partir do desejo de compreender a relação que a população do Seridó manteve com a morte e com os mortos no momento em que os surtos epidêmicos de cólera-morbo, varíola e febre amarela grassaram na região, provocando modificações na cultura fúnebre. Assim, nosso objetivo é analisar como o impacto dessas epidemias, que atingiram esse espaço a partir de 1850, contribuiu para a ação transformadora sobre os costumes fúnebres e as atitudes da população para com a morte e os mortos. As atitudes dos habitantes da capitania do Rio Grande do Norte quanta à finitude da vida tinham como eixo central, durante toda a extensão do século XVIII e a primeira metade do século XIX, a familiaridade entre vivos e mortos, relação definida pelos rituais efetivados no momento pós-morte e pelas inumações no interior das igrejas. Essas inumações, utilizadas pelos cristãos católicos, permitiam o contato direto entre vivos e mortos: os fiéis que frequentavam as igrejas passavam, sentavam-se e faziam suas orações sobre as sepulturas. O impacto das epidemias nas transformações na cultura funerária foi fundamental. As doenças provocavam alto índice de mortalidade, tornando inviável o enterramento no interior das igrejas, uma vez que não havia tempo suficiente para a total decomposição dos corpos. Logo, constituíram-se em um dos elementos catalisadores do discurso higienista, que há tempos lutava, sob influência europeia, contra o enterramento ad sanctos, com base na prevenção de males e a favor da higienização pública. Dentro dessa conjuntura, o Seridó, a exemplo de outras regiões brasileiras, como São Paulo e o Rio de Janeiro, iniciou o processo de secularização da morte. É esse processo que pretendemos compreender, tendo como base o uso de documentação oficial produzida pelos Presidentes de Província e os de Comarcas Municipais, testamentos e registros paroquiais de óbito, além de recursos visuais, como plantas baixas, fotografias e vídeos, para análise dos cemitérios secularizados da região.
García, García Ascensión. "El puente y la escultura: un diálogo entre funcionalidad y estética." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672090.
Full textThomaz, Luciana Costa Lima. "As “medicinas heréticas” e o holismo francês na primeira metade do século XX." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19372.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Along the first decades of the twentieth century European and North American doctors became increasingly interested in medical practices rated heterodox and that overall sought to develop a more humane approach to medicine. Later on such practices became known as holistic, for their attempt to take all aspects of human beings into consideration. In France, that movement gained particular momentum in the interwar period and acquired peculiar features that distinguished it from the rest of Europe, Germany in particular, where medical holism was firmly consolidated by that time. Several of the most outstanding French holistic doctors coauthored a book entitled Médecine officielle et médecines hérétiques, published in 1945. This book can be seen as a manifesto against the contemporary official medicine, which according to the authors had surrendered to the evils of the modern civilization. Taking that book as point of departure, our analysis sought to understand the epistemological dialogue established between the holistic and the official medicines within the context circumscribed by the main lines of thought in the beginning of the twentieth century
Nas primeiras décadas do século XX, desenvolveu-se no cenário médico europeu e norte-americano um maior interesse por práticas médicas consideradas heterodoxas, que visavam, acima de tudo, uma medicina mais humanista. Posteriormente foram qualificadas como abordagens holísticas, por terem uma visão integradora dos diversos aspectos do ser humano. Na França, esse movimento apresentou um impulso maior no período entreguerras, com características próprias que o diferenciaram do restante da Europa, especialmente da Alemanha, onde o holismo médico encontrava-se bem consolidado no mesmo período. Em 1945 foi publicada a obra Médecine officielle et médecines hérétiques, reunindo personalidades importantes do holismo médico francês. A obra constituiu um manifesto frente à medicina da época, que, segundo os autores, necessitava de humanização, pois estava rendida aos males da modernidade. Nossa análise, apoiada nessa mesma obra, visa compreender o diálogo epistemológico entre a medicina holística e a hegemônica naquele período, dentro do contexto traçado pelas principais linhas de pensamento do início do século XX
Cruz, Rodrigo Andrade da. "Oito votos contra um: o desenvolvimento da ciência eugenista nos Estados Unidos." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13268.
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The present study focused on the development and institutionalization of the science of eugenics in the United States during the first decades of the 20th century. For this purpose, we focused on the ideas of Charles B. Davenport (1866-1944), his work team, and the institutional networks he contributed to establish. Davenport initially learned the notions and methods developed for eugenic research by Francis Galton (1822-1911) and Karl Pearson (1857-1936), who essentially applied statistical methods. However, by the same time the studies by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) were rediscovered giving impetus to the incipient field of genetics and were also assimilated by Davenport into his eugenic project. Together with a discussion of the overall historical context that favored the development of eugenics in the US, we analyzed the works by Davenport as well as by some of his main collaborators, such as psychologist Henry Goddard (1866-1957) and eugenicist Harry Laughlin (1880-1943), as well as the repercussions of eugenics in US society in the early decades of the 20th century
A presente pesquisa abordou o desenvolvimento e institucionalização da ciência eugenista nos Estados Unidos nas primeiras décadas do século XX. Para tanto, focou-se nos trabalhos de Charles B. Davenport (1866-1944), seu grupo de trabalho e as redes institucionais que estabeleceu. Inicialmente, Davenport assimilou os conceitos e métodos de pesquisa eugenista desenvolvidos por Francis Galton (1822-1911) e Karl Pearson (1857-1936), que aplicaram basicamente uma abordagem estatística. No entanto, no mesmo período, são redescobertos os trabalhos de Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), associados à incipiente pesquisa genética, também assimilados por Davenport no seu projeto eugenista. Junto de uma discussão do contexto histórico geral que favoreceu as teses eugenistas nos EUA no período sob consideração, foram analisadas as publicações científicas de Davenport e de alguns de seus principais colaboradores, como o psicólogo Henry Goddard (1866-1957) e o eugenista Harry Laughlin (1880-1943), assim como as repercussões desse desenvolvimento na sociedade norte-americana nas três primeiras décadas do século XX
Valera, Albert. "La relación teoría práctica en la escultura catalana contemporánea: proceso, materia y comportamiento." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672115.
Full textLega, Lladós Ferran. "La Cimática como herramienta de expresión artística." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/146136.
Full textAsensio, Fernández José Antonio. "Una revisión de la luz como nuevo factor creador en la escultura. Desde 1950 hasta nuestros días." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145558.
Full textJulião, André Gomes. "Chô! Chô! Passarinho: a recepção brasileira às expedições científicas alemãs, 1933-1942." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13325.
Full textStarting at the end of World War I Brazil and Germany developed strong commercial, cultural and scientific relations. However, from 1938 onwards foreign citizens, German in particular, were subjected to political persecution by the Estado Novo government, which saw them as a threat to the nationalistic program launched by Getúlio Vargas. Such change in policy is evident in the extant documents relative to German scientists who came to carry out expeditions in Brazil before or after 1938. Whereas Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel and Hans Krieg, who arrived in 1935 and 1937, respectively, were enthusiastically welcomed by government officials and the São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro elites, Adolf Schneider and Helmut Sick, who came in 1939, were harassed by the press, the material they collected was confiscated, and after Brazil and Germany severed diplomatic relations, in 1942, they were sent to prison. Schulz-Kampfhenkel and Krieg sought intentionally to break the Brazilian law, but did not receive any punishment, except for the confiscation of the zoological specimens Krieg attempted to export illegally to Germany. Contrariwise, although Schneider had complied with all the procedures required by the Council for Supervision of Artistic and Scientific Expeditions, he was depicted as a spy in the mass media, jailed and eventually expelled from Brazil. Sick, in turn, deeply engaged in his ornithology studies and looking to escape the war in Europe, continued his work of collection, albeit without official permit, until also he was arrested and portrayed as a spy. The contacts they had with Brazilian scientists might have spared Schneider and Sick from persecution in 1939, but their situation became untenable once Brazil declared war on the Axis in 1942
Desde o fim da Primeira Guerra, Brasil e Alemanha mantiveram fortes relações comerciais, culturais e científicas. A partir de 1938, porém, cidadãos estrangeiros que viviam no Brasil, alemães principalmente, passaram a sofrer perseguição do governo do Estado Novo, que via nas comunidades de imigrantes uma ameaça ao projeto nacionalista de Getúlio Vargas. A mudança de postura do Brasil em relação à Alemanha fica clara ao analisar a documentação sobre cientistas alemães que vieram realizar expedições antes e depois de 1938. Enquanto Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel e Hans Krieg, que chegaram em 1935 e 1937, respectivamente, tiveram uma calorosa recepção por autoridades e membros das sociedades paulistana e carioca, Adolf Schneider e Helmut Sick, que desembarcaram no país em 1939, foram hostilizados pela imprensa, tiveram material apreendido e foram presos em 1942, por conta do rompimento das relações diplomáticas entre Brasil e Alemanha naquele ano. Schulz-Kampfhenkel e Krieg tentaram burlar as leis brasileiras, mas não sofreram nenhuma sanção, a não ser a apreensão de material zoológico que Krieg tentava exportar ilegalmente. Schneider, apesar de ter realizado todo o procedimento exigido pelo Conselho de Fiscalização das Expedições Artísticas e Científicas no Brasil (CFE), acabou sendo retratado como espião pela imprensa, foi preso e expulso do país. Sick, apesar de estar coletando aves sem autorização em 1941, estava comprometido com seus estudos ornitológicos e queria fugir da guerra na Europa, mas ainda assim foi preso e também retratado como espião. O contato que Schneider e Sick tinham com cientistas brasileiros pode ter evitado que sofressem repressão do governo brasileiro ainda em 1939, mas a declaração de guerra do Brasil ao Eixo, em 1942, tornou a situação de ambos insustentável
Marchini, Welder Lancieri. "Descolonizando um concílio europeu: a Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira e a recepção do Vaticano II." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2019. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/22011.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The Second Vatican Council can be considered the most important event of 20th century Catholicism, generating theological and pastoral impacts and mobilizing ecclesial structures. The Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira established itself in this scenario, constituting itself as an instrument of communication of conciliar instructions and perspectives to the Catholic Church in Latin America and as one of the main instruments of conciliar reception. The object of this thesis is the reception of the Second Vatican Council by the Catholic Church in Brazil and in Latin America transmitted through the REB. The process of conciliar reception points to the construction of the Latin American ecclesial subject and, consequently, to an identity that is in the dialogue between the conciliar perspective of the aggiornamento and the local socio-cultural reality. This process, identified in the decolonial perspective, passes through the self-understanding of Latin American Catholicism and culminates in a proper theology, that of liberation, and in a proper ecclesiality, that of the Ecclesial Base Communities. The process of conciliar reception was established in three distinct but consequential phases, namely: ignorance, participation / initiative and appropriation. The research method used for collecting data is documental and bibliographic. The issues of REB in the period concerning the conciliar process, added to the production of the Franciscan friar and conciliar expert Boaventura Kloppenburg, offer a substratum for the understanding of the reception by the Latin American Catholic Church. The bibliographical production of Liberation Theology is here read in the perspective of the appropriation of the conciliar parameters. The process of conciliar reception engenders, procedurally, an editorial change of the REB that accompanies the participation and appropriation of the parameters of Vatican II
O Concílio Vaticano II pode ser considerado o acontecimento mais importante do catolicismo do século XX, gerando impactos teológicos e pastorais e mobilizando as estruturas eclesiais. A Revista Eclesiástica Brasileira estebeleceu-se nesse cenário, constituindo-se como instrumento de comunicação das instruções e perspectivas conciliares à Igreja católica na América Latina e como um dos principais instrumentos de recepção conciliar. Assume-se como objeto desta tese a recepção do Concílio Vaticano II pela Igreja católica no Brasil e na América Latina veiculada por meio da REB. O processo de recepção conciliar aponta para a construção do sujeito eclesial latino-americano e por consequência de uma identidade que está no diálogo entre a perspectiva conciliar do aggiornamento com a realidade sociocultural local. Tal processo, identificado na perspectiva descolonial, passa pelo autoentendimento do catolicismo latino-americano e culmina em uma teologia própria, a da libertação, e em uma eclesialidade própria, a das Comunidades Eclesiais de Base. O processo de recepção conciliar se estabeleceu em três fases distintas, porém consequentes, a saber: do desconhecimento, da participação / iniciativa e da apropriação. O método de pesquisa assumido para a coleta de dados é documental e bibliográfico. Os fascículos da REB do período concernente ao processo conciliar, somados à produção do frade franciscano e perito conciliar Boaventura Kloppenbuirg, oferecem um substrato para o entendimento da recepção pela Igreja católica latino-americana. A produção bibliográfica da Teologia da Libertação é aqui lida na perspectiva da apropriação dos parâmetros conciliares. O processo de recepção conciliar engendra, processualmente, uma mudança editorial da REB que acompanha a participação e apropriação dos parâmetros do Vaticano II
Thomaz, Luciana Costa Lima. "Marcel Martiny: eugenia e biotipologia na França do século XX." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2011. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13262.
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The traditional approach to medicine in the West was grounded on the classification of the endless human diversity in classes (complexions). With the rise of modern science, the focus of medicine gradually shifted to the physical and chemical processes proper to living matter. Consequently, the practice of medicine became dependent on the diagnosis of clinical entities, which were classified according to their etiopathogenic mechanisms, in turn dependent of biomolecular phenomena. Despite this mainstream direction, countless typological classifications burst out in the first decades of the 20th century in a wide range of contexts anthropology, criminology, psychology, education, etc. including medicine. To understand this phenomenon, this study focused on biotypological theories grounded on the assertion that there is an intrinsic relationship between human types and embryological layers, the work by Marcel Martiny (1897-1982) in particular. Analysis carried out within three overlapping spheres addressing sociohistorical, epistemological and historiographical aspects allowed identifying strong eugenic element in biotypological theory as formulated in the first half of the 20th century within the context known as medical Holism . This was also the background for Martiny, whose experimental work is restricted to anthropometric measurements that then were related with physiological and biomolecular phenomena exclusively by way of analogy. After World War I biotypological theory was depurated from all eugenic elements, whereas its lack of any empirical foundation was neglected and despite its contradictions, it is discussed even in our own days as if it were sound science
A medicina tradicionalmente vigente no Ocidente se baseava na classificação da heterogeneidade humana em diversos tipologias (compleições). Com a formulação da ciência moderna, gradualmente, a base da medicina passou a focar os fenômenos físicos e químicos que ocorrem na matéria viva. Assim, a prática clínica passa a depender do diagnóstico de entidades nosológicas, classificadas segundo seu mecanismo etiopatogênico, por sua vez, dependente de mecanismos biomoleculares. No entanto, nas primeiras décadas do século XX acontece uma explosão de classificações tipológicas numa variedade de contextos antropologia, criminologia, psicologia, pedagogia, etc. incluindo a medicina. Para abordar esse fenômeno, focou-se as teorias que afirmavam uma relação intrínseca entre as tipologias humanas e os folhetos embrionários, em particular, a obra de Marcel Martiny (1897- 1982). A análise realizada em três esferas superpostas, levando em conta aspectos histórico-sociais, epistemológicos e historiográficos, permitiu identificar fortes componentes eugenistas nas biotipologias desenvolvidas na primeira metade do séculos XX, dentro do chamado holismo médico . Esse é também o pano de fundo do trabalho de Martiny, que utiliza como método, basicamente, medições antropométricas, cuja vinculação aos fenômenos fisiológicos e biomoleculares é realizada de maneira puramente analógica. Depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial, a teoria das biotipologias foi depurada de seus elementos eugenistas, sua falta de fundamentação empírica foi omitida e, apesar de todas suas contradições, continua a ser apresentada como ciência provada em diversos contextos, especialmente, nas abordagens médicas holistas
Sans, Massó Alexandra. "La escultura matriz de Louise Bourgeois, un espacio para la revuelta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/382834.
Full textBalbino, Ana Cristina Alves. "Da Lapa aos porões da ditadura: as experiências de Raphael Martinelli (1939-1973)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21074.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The recent history of our country is formed by institutional violence and disregard for the rule of law. The experiences of those who have faced dictatorial impositions should be examples of the struggle for a better country. In this way, Raphael Martinelli's memoirs become important for the understanding of the period for this research, from 1939 to 1973. Trade unionism, especially in the Santos Jundiaí railroad, and the struggle against the civil-military dictatorship established after 1964, are examples of topics to be reflected and observed, so that we can review concepts and values today. This work attempts to trace a biography of political activist Raphael Martinelli, who has his life summarized in: a quick pass for youth football, the team of the São Paulo Athletic Club, current National Athletic Club, the experience of being a railroad in the São Paulo Railway, the presidency of the Railroad Workers' Union in São Paulo and the National Federation of Railroad Workers, head of the CGT, political persecution with the 1964 coup, participation in the National Liberation Action (ALN) and imprisonment in 1971, in Operation Bandeirante (Oban). The documentation used for this research is summarized in the biography “Iron Stations: Raphael Martinelli”; documents from your personal collection, such as police records, videos, interviews. To know the history of Martinelli is to get in touch with moments of political and social changes of our country. Its context of life is marked by four central points, that divided the chapters of this thesis: soccer, railroad, syndicalism and armed struggle. The themes are discussed from their experiences and memories. Through them we can see other possibilities, from a country that at the moment when it was learning to discuss democratic issues, such as the Basic Reforms, proposed by President João Goulart; and the relations between workers through their main representation, the union, suffered a heavy blow, with the seizure of power by the military, backed by civilian sectors, as wealthy landowners
A história recente de nosso país é formada pela violência institucional e pelo desrespeito ao estado de direito. As experiências daqueles que enfrentaram as imposições ditatoriais devem ser exemplo da luta por um país melhor. Dessa maneira, as memórias de Raphael Martinelli tornam-se importantes para o entendimento do período destinado à esta pesquisa, 1939 a 1973. O sindicalismo, em especial na ferrovia Santos Jundiaí, e a luta contra a ditadura civil-militar, instaurada a partir de 1964, são exemplos de temas a serem refletidos e observados, de maneira que possamos rever conceitos e valores nos dias de hoje. Nesse trabalho, tentamos traçar uma biografia do militante político Raphael Martinelli, cuja vida pode ser resumida em: uma passagem rápida pelo futebol na juventude, no time do São Paulo Athletic Clube, atual Nacional Atlético Clube; a experiência de ser ferroviário na São Paulo Railway; a presidência do Sindicato dos Ferroviários, em São Paulo; e da Federação Nacional dos Ferroviários; dirigente do Comando Geral dos Trabalhadores (CGT); a perseguição política com o golpe de 1964; a participação na Ação Libertadora Nacional (ALN); e a prisão em 1971, na Operação Bandeirante (Oban). A documentação que utilizamos para essa pesquisa resume-se na biografia “Estações de Ferro: Raphael Martinelli”; em documentos de seu acervo pessoal, tais como: fichas policiais, vídeos, entrevistas. Conhecer a história de Martinelli é entrar em contato com momentos de mudanças políticas e sociais de nosso país. Seu contexto de vida é marcado por quatro pontos centrais, que dividiram os capítulos desta tese: futebol, ferrovia, sindicalismo e luta armada. Os temas são discutidos a partir de suas experiências e memórias. Por meio delas, torna-se possível observarmos outras possibilidades de um país que – no momento em que estava aprendendo a discutir questões democráticas, como as Reformas de Base, propostas pelo presidente João Goulart, e as relações entre trabalhadores, por meio de sua principal representação, o sindicato – sofreu um duro golpe, com a tomada do poder pelos militares, apoiados por setores civis, como ricos proprietários
Dias, Ana Raquel Costa. "“Passeando pelos arredores”: o ensino de História para crianças no livro Goiaz coração do Brasil (1934)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8631.
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This research is part of the History of Education and is linked to the Research Line: State, Policies and History of Education of the Post-Graduation Program in Education of the Federal University of Goiás. It is a bibliographical and documentary research of a historical character that, through the theoretical and methodological presuppositions of Cultural History, analyzed the reading book Goiaz heart of Brazil, published in two editions, 1934 and 1983, and written by Ofélia Socrates do Nascimento Monteiro. The first source, the first textbook of regional history, was adopted by the Government of the State of Goiás in 1934 to attend the third and fourth year classes of the school groups in the region of Goiás. In the diversity of possible research questions presented in the book, our clipping was based especially on the analysis of the type of teaching and school that is presented in the object of study investigated, contextualized in the legislation of the current period of writing and the adoption of this object school material. In this exercise, we compare passages of the work with the theoretical foundation listed. The methodological course was to meet the studies of History of Education in Brazil and in Goiás in the first half of the 20th century, especially in the 1930 s. We also carried out a bibliographical review around the themes: New School, Reading Book, History Teaching for children and Primary education in the 20th century, present in theses and dissertations raised in the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and in the Catalog of Thesis and Dissertations of CAPES. The problematic is supported, particularly, in the evidences of use of the Intuitive Method in a work used during the New School movement, and in the identification of an education that surpasses the walls of the school, also occurring in the domestic environment. Studies and conceptions about the constitution of school groups in the State of Goiás, Intuitive Method, New School movement, History teaching, school material culture also supported the research.
Esta pesquisa se inscreve no campo da História da Educação e está vinculada à Linha de Pesquisa: Estado, Políticas e História da Educação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, de caráter histórico que, por meio dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História Cultural, analisou o livro de leitura Goiaz coração do Brasil, publicado em duas edições, 1934 e 1983, e escrito por Ofélia Sócrates do Nascimento Monteiro. A respectiva fonte, primeiro livro didático de História regional, foi adotada pelo governo do Estado de Goiás em 1934, para atender às classes dos terceiros e quartos anos dos grupos escolares da região goiana. Na diversidade de questões possíveis de investigação, presentes no livro, nosso recorte se alicerçou, especialmente, na análise do tipo de ensino e de escola que é apresentado no objeto de estudo investigado, contextualizados na legislação da época vigente da escrita e da adoção deste objeto escolar material. Nesse exercício, confrontamos passagens da obra com o embasamento teórico elencado. O percurso metodológico foi ao encontro aos estudos de História da Educação brasileira e de Goiás na primeira metade do século XX, sobretudo na década de 1930. Fizemos, ainda, uma revisão bibliográfica em torno das temáticas: Escola Nova, Livro de Leitura, Ensino de História para crianças e Ensino primário no século XX, presentes em teses e dissertações levantadas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da CAPES. A problemática se ampara, particularmente, nas evidências de uso do Método Intuitivo em uma obra utilizada durante o movimento escolanovista, e na identificação de um ensino que ultrapassa os muros da escola, ocorrendo também no ambiente doméstico. Estudos e concepções acerca da constituição dos grupos escolares no Estado de Goiás, Método Intuitivo, movimento da Escola Nova, ensino de História, cultura material escolar também fundamentaram a pesquisa.
Mesa, Vázquez Rufino. "Anell de pedra, L'." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1543.
Full text· El món exterior construït amb matèria inerta, base comuna de la realitat.
· Les coses sensibles encarnades en el cicle de la vida i la mort.
· Allò que emergeix de l'activitat mental, les hipòtesis de treball científic i les obres d'art.
Aquests universos estan traspassats per un fil invisible unit a les lleis de la física, als processos metabòlics i bioquímics que constitueixen la base de la vida. La visió del paradigma emergent, post cartesià, unifica la matèria, la vida i la ment i ens obliga a definir de bell nou la relació existent entre l'home i la resta d'éssers vius. La raó humana no és una característica diferenciadora de la resta d'animals, sinó que és una qualitat que ens unifica amb ells, ens situa en la mateixa línia d'evolució de la vida. En la roda dels canvis, en la transformació de la matèria, tant sols estem en altre nivell, en una fase de complexitat diferent.
L'art pot ser ara una manera que l'home fa servir per connectar amb l'alè invisible del món, amb el llenguatge encriptat que presenta la natura. Des de la perspectiva de la realitat estètica, l'obra d'art és el vehicle que posa en comunió la matèria i les seves produccions, és el nodol de les xarxes de relació entre la matèria, la vida i la cultura.
L'Anell de pedra vol mitigar el dolor de la vida i apaivagar els nivells d'incertesa. La seva forma presenta un ordre amb el qual es mira el misteri inefable del món, en ell queda emmirallat un patró de conducta que s'auto replica, que balla sobre un fons caòtic i genera ontologia. Aquesta percepció de la matèria sensible l'he anomenada "la realitat estètica". Tot emergeix d'aquesta premissa; la qualitat creativa de la matèria. El món que veiem, és la seva obra i en ella intentem trobar-nos i acomodar la nostra existència. La ressonància creadora, les "hierofanies" que emanen d'una muntanya, no són la veu del sagrat, són constatacions de la realitat estètica, intuïcions creatives, "revelacions", fruït d'anàlisis de la raó científica. Hem de pensar, però, que tot és físic, incloent les emocions i els pensaments, tot emergeix d'una memòria implicada en la matèria que es desplega als ulls per mitjà de reaccions físiques i químiques. L'univers es revela a la mirada com holografies, creacions instantànies de la ment que queden unides per xarxes de relació física. En el fons caòtic del món i la ment, tot és atzar i necessitat, intercanvi d'energia i informació.
El procediment de treball ha portat varies direccions:
· Constatar en l'experiència de camp que la ressonància de la matèria es comunica i traspassa els tres àmbits anunciats.
· La recerca i documentació d'aspectes sensibles en la natura, com a eina que ajuda a conèixer la condició humana.
· Elaborar la idea que l'art és també el llenguatge de la natura, ja que aquesta està sotmesa al cicle creatiu de la vida i de la mort.
· La vida també és art i aparença; pregunta obsessiva que cerca el seu significat en una contínua transformació.
CONCLUSIONS: Com a escultor he assajat escenaris per fer accions en la cara fosca de la realitat: les ocultacions. Com a resposta a les meves conviccions, allí, on les simetries fonamentals de les partícules presenten el principi d'incertesa, he presentat l'obra, allí he redactat el compromís conceptual de l'aliança. En el món exterior, en el de les coses tangibles he instal·lat la forma de l'anell de pedra.
"El anillo de piedra" es una reflexión abierta desde la escultura que trata sobre la comunicación débil y sobre la comunión que se establece con la naturaleza. Presenta un orden en la complejidad del acto creativo y expresa la voluntad de establecer una alianza dentro de la oscuridad del mundo. Quiere ser una gnosis, un hilo de unión entre el pensamiento estético, la sensibilidad espiritual y el paradigma emergente, la nueva formulación de la realidad. Con la información disponible sobre la existencia paradójica de las cosas, la tesis define una gráfica con tres áreas de realidad:
· El mundo exterior construido con materia exánime pero común a todo lo que nos rodea.
· Las cosas sensibles encarnadas en el ciclo de la vida y de la muerte.
· Las acciones que emergen de la actividad mental, las ideas, ilusiones, fascinaciones, hipótesis de trabajo científico y las obras de arte.
Presenta estos universos traspasados por un hilo invisible, unidos siempre a las leyes de la física, a los procesos metabólicos y bioquímicos que constituyen la base de la vida. La visión del paradigma emergente, post cartesiano, unifica la materia, la vida y la mente y nos obliga a definir de nuevo la relación existente entre el hombre y el resto de seres vivos. Las propuestas de la tesis nos invitan a formar parte del fluir creativo de la naturaleza. Se reflexiona sobre la razón estética y apunta que no es una característica que nos diferencie del resto de los animales, sino que es una cualidad que nos unifica con ellos; nos sitúa en la misma línea de evolución, así, podemos de pensar que tan sólo nos encontramos en una fase diferente.
Las aportaciones del procedimiento creativo son:
· Constatar en la experiencia de campo que la resonancia de la materia se comunica y traspasa los tres ámbitos anunciados.
· La búsqueda y documentación de aspectos sensibles en la naturaleza ha proporcionado una respuesta estética que mitiga los niveles de incertidumbre y nos reconcilia con el mundo.
· La vida es arte y apariencia en proceso permanente, cuestión que nos obliga a elaborar una idea firme más allá del escenario de los objetos. El arte es también el lenguaje de la naturaleza, ya que ésta está sometida al ciclo de la vida y de la muerte.
Conclusiones: como escultor he ensayado espacios para hacer acciones en la cara oculta de la realidad: las ocultaciones. Como respuesta a mis convicciones, allí, donde les simetrías fundamentales de las partículas presentan el principio de incertidumbre, he presentado la obra, allí he redactado el compromiso conceptual de la alianza. En el mundo exterior, en el de las cosas tangibles y contingentes, he instalado la forma, el Anillo de piedra.
ENGLISH SUMMARY:
"Stone ring" is an open reflection and experiment of poor communication, which introduces order into the complexity of the creative act and reveals the will to create an alliance with Nature.
It is a work of gnosis, a connection between the aesthetic thought, the spiritual sensitivity and the emergent paradigm; a new world order. By means of information on the paradoxical existence of things, the thesis defines a virtual graphic displaying three areas of reality:
· The external world built with spiritless material, common to everything.
· Sensible things involved in the cycle of life and death.
· Everything that arises from mental activity; ideas, illusions, fantasies, hypotheses of scientific and art works.
These universes are connected by an invisible thread which is united to the laws of physics, metabolic and biochemical processes that constitute the basis for life.
The post Cartesian vision of the emergent paradigm unifies matter, life and soul, and forces us to redefine the relationship between man and other beings; nature.
Reason does not make us different from other animals. In fact, it is a quality that unifies us, that places us in the same evolution chain, despite representing different phases of evolution.
The procedure for the project has focused on three main areas:
· Prove through field experience that resonance of matter can communicate and move through the three above-mentioned areas
· Use research as a tool to document sensitive aspects of nature and reduce levels of uncertainty
· Develop the ideas that art is the language of nature, subjected to the cycle of life and death and that life is art and appearance.
CONCLUSIONS:
As a sculptor, I have conducted research in different settings in order to perform actions on the dark side of reality: concealments. To prove my convictions, I have presented my work where the main symmetries of particles display the uncertainty principle. The display is found in the external world of tangible objects and is where I have placed the Stone ring and ultimately written the conceptual compromise of alliance.
Pineda, José Octávio de Carvalho. "A entropia segundo Claude Shannon: o desenvolvimento do conceito fundamental da teoria da informação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/13330.
Full textThis dissertation s objective is to investigate the origins of the concept of Entropy as defined by Claude Shannon in the development of the Information Theory, as well as the influences that this concept and other ones from the same theory had over other sciences, especially in Physics. Starting from its origin in Mechanical Statistics, the concept of entropy was transformed into a measure of amount of information by Shannon. Since then the approach proposed by Information Theory has influenced other areas of knowledge and there were many attempts of integrating it with physical theories. The analysis on Information Theory main authors works viewed under a historical outlook, added to the analysis of proposals for its integration with Physics will allow to demonstrate that the integration is currently at the level of approach to physical problems and not at a more fundamental level as it was some scientists expectation
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar as origens do conceito de Entropia formulado por Claude Shannon no desenvolvimento da Teoria da Informação, bem como as influências que este e outros conceitos da mesma teoria tiveram em outras ciências, em especial a Física. Partindo de sua origem na Mecânica Estatística, o conceito de Entropia foi transformado numa medida de quantidade de informação por Shannon. Desde então, a abordagem proposta pela Teoria da Informação influenciou outras áreas do conhecimento, e ocorreram várias tentativas de integrá-la às teorias físicas. A análise das obras dos principais formuladores da Teoria da Informação, colocadas em seu contexto histórico, aliada à análise das propostas de integração desta teoria com a Física permitirá demonstrar que a interação atual entre as áreas ainda se dá ao nível de abordagem dos problemas físicos, e não numa forma mais fundamental como era a expectativa de alguns cientistas
Cardoso, João Paulo. "A piedade popular em tempos líquidos na Sacrosanctum Concilium 13." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21678.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2018-12-04T11:48:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 João Paulo Cardoso.pdf: 911847 bytes, checksum: fc606a4d430e6ee06ed627e9e27826bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-11
According to Sacrosanctum Concilium 13, pious exercises should be recommended, but with determination that there should be harmonization with the liturgy. The Popular Piety can not substitut, in any way, the official liturgical practices of the Church. In this study we make analysis of the current reality, which will be based on ‗Liquid Modernity‘, expression of the Polish Sociologist Zygmunt Bauman. With this expression, Bauman identify the moment we are living, in which everything is predicted to be fleeting, including the human relations. In this context, the harmonization between Liturgy and Popular Piety is impaired, causing a mismatch between liturgical practices, with their stable norms, and popular devotions, prone to change more easily. However, pious exercises should be encouraged, even with the variants of the present time. For this analysis, the theoretical foundations are sought in the Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy, documents of the Popes, in the set of works written by Bauman and many others that help in understanding of the relation between the Popular Piety and the Liturgy in this period of history which Bauman classifies as ‗Liquid Modernity
De acordo com a Sacrosanctum Concilium 13, os exercícios piedosos devem ser recomendados, porém com a determinação de que de haja harmonização com a Liturgia. A Piedade Popular não pode substituir, de forma alguma, as práticas litúrgicas oficiais da Igreja. Nesse estudo fazemos uma análise da realidade atual, que será pautada pela ‗Modernidade Líquida‘, expressão do sociólogo polonês Zygmunt Bauman. Com esta expressão, Bauman identifica o momento que estamos vivendo, em que tudo está previsto para ser passageiro e fugaz, inclusive as relações humanas. Neste contexto, a harmonização entre Liturgia e Piedade Popular fica prejudicada, causando um descompasso entre as práticas litúrgicas, com suas normas estáveis, e as devoções populares, propensas a se alterarem mais facilmente. Contudo, os piedosos exercícios devem ser incentivados, mesmo com as variantes do tempo atual. Para esta análise, os fundamentos teóricos são buscados no Diretório sobre a Piedade Popular e a Liturgia, documentos dos papas, no conjunto de obras escritas por Bauman e tantas outras que auxiliam na compreensão da relação entre a Piedade Popular e a Liturgia neste período da história que Bauman classifica como ‗Modernidade Líquida
Martin, Shirley Helen. "Freedom to obey : the obedience of Christ as the reflection of the obedience of the Son in Karl Barth's 'Church dogmatics'." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/762.
Full textRuiz, i. Carulla Martí. "Escultura sonora Baschet. Arxiu documental i classificació d'aplicacions pel desenvolupament de formes acústiques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/363918.
Full textOur study -based on original documentary sources and field work- provides a reading of the corpus of work under the light of the conceptual system developed by Baschet, to ease the understanding of acoustic principles and their applications as well. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the technical and aesthetic aspects -in relation to the vital statements of Baschet respect the notion of Sound Sculpture as an object for public participation- to encourage ponder and help laying the foundation for conservation, research and further development, while inserting naturally in the path of the Baschet Sound Sculpture.
Hernández, Gómez María de los Ángeles. "La pensée de l'homme dans l’œuvre de Vercors." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAL006.
Full textThe two world conflicts that opened the 20th century radically transformed the contemporary world, giving rise to major social, political, artistic and philosophical revolutions. A trend of humanist revival in search of new values for Humankind was born. Among the many formulations was that of the work and thought of the French writer Jean Bruller, also known as Vercors. Having designated Human being at the centre of his intellectual, artistic (notably literary) project, Vercors questioned himself about the existence of the human species, its nature, its place in the world, the definition of human being, based on what is specific in being human. This doctoral dissertation investigates the different theoretical, ethical and aesthetic forms that this idea of human being takes in the author’s productions, in order to analyze the distinctive features that link and differentiate it from alternative contemporary humanist thinking. The proposed corpus is built around theory-fiction dialogue, which also takes into account the artist’s first drawings. Closely linking life, work, thought and sociohistorical context makes it possible to reconstruct and comprehend the author’s project, as well as to define the concrete role of the literary text in the vercorian reflection. This system of interrelations also benefits from the multidisciplinary approaches that the writer brings to his work (history, philosophy, anthropology, biology and psychology). The thesis, as a whole, serves as a paradigm to explore the different variations existing in his fiction, where Vercors’ thought on Humankind is most compellingly developed
Aucamp, Barend Bernardus. "'n Histories-opvoedkundige ondersoek na die invloed van die sinkretisme op die moderne onderwys." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/863.
Full textSummary in Afrikaans and English
This study is an attempt to analyse and describe syncretism as an encompassing phenomenon from a historical-educational perspective. In recent times, the ideas of globalization, the influence of modern science, as well as certain ideas concerning modern education, are closely related to the manifestation of syncretism. A study of various exemplars from the past and present disclosed the essences of syncretism, thus unveiling the religious growth-motives that underlie syncretism, which also played an important role in the development of Western civilization and the modem world. The multi-faith idea (the idea of unity and synthesis), the idea of secularization, and the idea of relativity, were identified as prominent characteristics of syncretism. The identification and analysis of the essences of syncretism and supporting religious principles. become possible when syncretism is set in opposition to the Biblical and reformational thought processes. Bible-based education provides an alternative to syncretism in a fast changing and post-modern world. It gives perspective on the instruction to people to care for and develop God's creation. The intrinsic characteristics of Bible-based education were used as evaluation criteria in an attempt to expose syncretism. The characteristics of Bible-based education which also provide a framework for establishing a corrective to the problematic educational situation, are the following: • the acknowledgement of the Holy Trinity as central to man's existence; • the Bible/Holy Scriptures as essential for a Christian world and life view; • the essence of a Christian anthropology; • education as the fulfilment of God's covenant with man; • the directive role of Bible-based norms; • the transfer of culture through education • Biblical cosmology as an expression of the Christian faith; • the reformational aspect of Bible-based education. In the evaluation of syncretism, it was discovered that the relationship between man and the Holy Trinity would be negatively affected if the Christian religion were not regarded as the only source of truth concerning the salvation of man and the true meaning of life. The influence of syncretism necessitates a reformational and antithetical approach, which constantly emphasises the importance of the educator's role in the teaching and education of the child in the modem educational system.
In hierdie studie word gepoog om die sinkretisme as omvattende verskynsel vanuit 'n histories-opvoedkundige perspektief te ontleed en te omskryf. Die globaliseringsverskynsel, die inwerking van die modeme wetenskap en bepaalde idees in die moderne onderwys hang saam met die manifestasie van die sinkretisme in die eietyd. In 'n eksemplariese verlede- en eietydse studie is grondig ondersoek ingestel na tendense en verskynsels wat die wesenlike van die sinkretisme openbaar. Religieuse grondmotiewe in die Westerse beskawingsontwikkeling het 'n wesenlike bydrae gelewer tot die opkoms van die sinkretisme van die moderne wereld. Die wesenskenmerke wat prominent in die eksemplariese ondersoek betreffende die realisering van die sinkretisme gemanifesteer het, was die multireligieuse/intergeloofsidee en sintesedenke (eenheidsidee), die sekulariseringsverskynsel en die relatiwiteitsverskynsel. Die identifisering en ontleding van die wesenskenmerke van die sinkretisme en ondersteunende religieuse grondmotiewe word moontlik indien die sinkretisme teenoor die Bybelse en reformatoriese denkhouding gestel word. Bybelgefundeerde onderwys bied 'n altematief vir die sinkretisme in 'n snel veranderende en postmodeme wereld en gee perspektief aan die mens se beheersingsopdrag in die skeppingswerklikheid. Die wesenskenmerke van Bybelgefundeerde onderwys is as evalueringskriteria aangewend in 'n poging om die sinkretisme in sy ware gedaante te ontbloot. Die wesenskenmerke wat terselfdertyd die raamwerk vir die daarstel van 'n korrektief vir die problematiese onderwyssituasie bied, is: • God Drie-enig as sentrale uitgangspunt; • die Bybel/Heilige Skrif as essensieel vir 'n Christelike lewens en wereldbeskouing; • die Christelike mensbeeld (antropologie) as voorwaarde vir Bybel-gefundeerde onderwys • onderwys en opvoeding as die bevestiging van God se verbond met die mens; • die rigtinggewende rol van Bybelgefundeerde norme; • kultuuroordrag en Bybelgefundeerde onderwys; • die Bybelse skeppingsleer as 'n uitdrukking van die Christelike geioof; • die refonnatoriese/gereformeerde inslag van Bybelgefundeerde onderwys In die evaluering van die sinkretisme is bevind dat die mens se grondverhouding met God Drie-enig aangetas word indien die Christelike godsdiens nie as die enigste bron van waarheid betreffende die mens se redding en toekomsverwagting beskou word nie. Die inwerking van die sinkretisme noodsaak in die moderne onderwyssisteem 'n reformatoriese en antitetiese denkhouding wat die mens deurlopend opskerp ten opsigte van sy rol as opvoeder in die opvoeding en onderwys van die kind.
Educational Studies
D. Ed. (History of Education)
Obee, Ruth 1941. "A dialogue of two selves : themes of alienation and African humanism in the works of Es'kia Mphahlele." Diss., 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15683.
Full textEnglish Studies
M.A. (English)
Ngwenya, Dumisani. "Healing the wounds of Gukurahundi: a participatory action research project." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1300.
Full textBetween 1983 and 1987, an estimated 20 000 people from Matebeleland and parts of Midlands Province in Zimbabwe were killed in an operation code named Gukurahundi by state security agents; mostly the Central Intelligence Organisation and a battalion [5th Brigade] especially trained for this operation. Since that time no official apology or any form of healing process has been proffered by the ZANU PF government which was responsible for these atrocities. As a result, most communities in these areas have never been afforded opportunities to openly talk about their experiences and to seek relief for their painful memories of the past. If anything, the government has continued to cause enduring pain by periodically actively suppressing any such attempts. It has become an accepted norm that after violent conflicts that programmes aimed at reconciliation, healing and forgiveness should be undertaken as part of the peacebuilding efforts. Where such has not occurred, there is a fear that there might be a return to violence at some point in that country or community. The question that this research seeks to answer is whether, in view of the absence of any apology or official healing programme, these communities can heal themselves? Using a participatory action research approach, this research sheds some light on what communities could possibly do on their own to deal with their hurts. It also identifies conditions that would make such healing sustainable and what currently prevents that from taking place. It finds that through a broadly-based array of actions such as creating safe and empathetic spaces for storytelling, both verbal and written, group-based healing workshops and other psychosocial approaches, as well as a critical analysis of participants’ contexts in order to understand what needs transformation, it is possible for traumatised communities to attain a measure of relief from their emotional and psychological wounds. It also finds that this relief could be more sustainable if certain conditions were eliminated.
Santos, Maria Luísa Duarte da Silva. "A realidade na arte: o compromisso humanista na representação pictórica (1936 - 1961)." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/32816.
Full textThis research focuses on a proposal for critical understanding of visual arts, specifically the pictorial representations linked to a humanistic commitment during the midtwentieth century in Portugal. In a historical social and political international and national context, of wars and dictatorships, emerges the need for an avant-garde aesthetical break, a resistance and ethical opposition. Based on an ideological thinking and discourse, a new aesthetic is sought in many countries. Such aesthetic is based on a new conscious committed attitude of the artist manifested in a participatory artistic praxis and in visual languages anchored in social reality and figuration. From a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical grounds for an aesthetical debate, of the ideological, artistic and visual-plastic grant and influences, which contribute for an aesthetical humanist realism, we progress to an analytical study of the artistic interventions and experimentations in their multiple expressions, we attempt a comprehensive research and reflection directed to a critical reappraisal of the neo-realist art, particularly regarding its importance in the history of Portuguese contemporary art.