Academic literature on the topic 'Humanism – 20th century'
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Journal articles on the topic "Humanism – 20th century"
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Prokopenko, Vladimir, and Oleksiy Vorobiov. "WERNER JAEGER: THE CONCEPT OF THE “THIRD HUMANISM”." 67, no. 67 (December 26, 2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2226-0994-2022-67-5.
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The article examines the development of the classical humanist tradition in German thought of the 20th century and the main figure of this tradition - Werner Jaeger. The authors analyze the situation in German classical studies at the beginning of the 20th century and conclude that the German project of classical philology, Altertumswissenschaft, was in a state of crisis at that time. Jaeger and his associates proposed a way out of this crisis with the help of the concept of "third humanism". "Third humanism" became a significant phenomenon in the spiritual movement of the beginning of the 20th century in Europe. Jaeger calls this humanism "third", because he considers the first humanism of the Renaissance, and the second - German humanism of the 18-19 centuries. The main principle of "third humanism" is the conviction that ancient culture not only had a great influence on the peoples of subsequent eras, but also became an eternal model of culture for all mankind. Humanism is a tradition through which antiquity can give us an impetus to preserve the "immutable values" embodied in Greek culture. Jaeger also analyzes the influence of ancient humanism on medieval Christian thinkers and argues that they drew on ancient political philosophy in their teachings about the church. The authors explain the fact that Jaeger's concept was not widely known for a long time because it was falsely associated with Nazi ideology in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s. The article presents arguments against this misunderstanding of the third humanism and all Jaeger's ideas. The final conclusions from the article indicate that the concept of the third humanism is a promising direction in modern classical studies, it can also become an effective strategy of cultural development, education policy, which is oriented towards humanistic goals. The authors also insist that the ideology of the third humanism can become a way to develop a truly humanistic policy in the modern world.
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Demchenko, Aleksandr Ivanovich. "The Russian musical art of the early 20th century: The alternative." Manuscript 16, no. 6 (December 4, 2023): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/mns20230064.
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The essay is devoted to characterizing a trend opposed to the onslaught of contradictions, disharmony and various destructive influences brought along by the new century in the Russian musical art of the early 20th century. This trend was embodied in the composers’ turn to the humanistic traditions of the past, as well as in the constructive and positive aspirations of modernity. The desire to defend the principles of humanism was mainly associated with the spiritual values of the Classical era. In particular, the author provides insight into the formation of neoclassicism in Russian musical art starting with the late works by P. Tchaikovsky (the orchestral suite “Mozartiana” (1887)). Special attention is paid to the works by S. Taneyev (the cantata “At the Reading of a Psalm” (1912-1915)), N. Myaskovsky (String Quartet No. 4 (1909-1910)), S. Prokofiev (Symphony No. 1 (1917)), Z. Paliashvili (the operas “Abesalom da Eteri” (1910-1919) and “Daisi” (1919-1923)). As a result, it is concluded that the sphere of humanism and harmony, despite being hardly a central trend in the context of the musical and artistic process of the 1910s, was, however, undoubtedly significant, clearly reflecting the reaction to the deforming trends of modernity. The fundamental shift in worldview that occurred in the 1910s – the first half of the 1920s was expressed in the weakening of the considered trend, the growth of contradictions.
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Sikandar, Aliya. "John Dewey and His Philosophy of Education." Journal of Education and Educational Development 2, no. 2 (February 8, 2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v2i2.446.
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This review paper on John Dewey, the pioneering educationist of the 20th century, discusses his educational thoughts, and writings, which gave a new direction to education at the turn of the century. Dewey’s contributions are immense and overwhelming in the fields of education, politics, humanism, logic, and aesthetics. This discussion will focus on Dewey and his philosophy related to educational approaches, pedagogical issues, and the linkages that he made between education, democracy, experience, and society. At the heart of his educational thought is the child. Dewey’s idea on humanism springs from his democratic bent and his quest for freedom, equity, and the value of child’s experiences.
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Demchenko, Aleksandr Ivanovich. "Russian music art of the early 20th century: Devaluation." Manuscript 16, no. 5 (November 10, 2023): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/mns20230059.
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This essay is dedicated to the complexity of the position of the classical concept of humanism and harmony at the beginning of the 20th century, marked by its obvious displacement from the forefront of artistic processes and its opposition to tendencies associated with various "non-classical" manifestations. The unfolding events not only vividly symbolized the passing civilization but also foreshadowed the entry into a zone of colossal conflict and tragic sense of the world. The author identifies typical antitheses presented in the musical art of the early 20th century at the level of individual compositions, the level of the work of specific composers, and at the level of musical art as a whole. As a result, the preconditions for the emergence of dissonance are determined, including the antithesis of "objective – subjective," sometimes pushed to the brink of "objectivism – subjectivism."
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Sergodeeva, E. A. "Humanitarian Rationality and the Possibilities of Rational Humanism." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences, no. 11 (December 24, 2018): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2018-11-55-69.
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The article discusses the relations between humanism and humanitarianism through the prism of rationality, which allows to identify the significant contradictions between their essences and methods of implementation as well as to reveal the subtleties and differences in the relationship between them. The author demonstrates the interrelation of the idea of rationality as reasonability with the theory of humanism and its practices; it is shown that the charges of inhumanity against rationality can be addressed mainly to instrumental reasonability, which occupies a dominant position in the society of Modernity. The inconsistency of the development of humanism in recent years is examined. On the one hand, first organizationally formed humanistic movements emerged in the 20th century and humanism gradually became a common social practice. On the other hand, starting from the second half of the 20th century, representatives of the postmodern and religious-conservative traditions more and more clearly pronounce statements about the crisis of humanistic ideology. It is determined that the classical concept of secular humanism has lost its representativeness to social realities because its model of a person becomes outdated and requires rethinking and renewal. It is emphasized that the role of humanitarian technologies is increasing under the new conditions of the science functioning in modern society, in which any knowledge, including natural and technical, acquires a humanitarian dimension. Therefore, the humanitarian component is a necessary part of any science today since the humanitarian component offers a pragmatical and axiological comparison of the scientific achievements with the life-world of men and their needs. The author concludes that rational strategies for overcoming the crisis of humanism (transhumanism and posthumanism) are associated with new ontologies and represent attempts to understand the transformations of humanistic values in the technoscientific world.
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Katz, Claire. "The Stirrings of a Stubborn and Difficult Freedom: Assimilation, Education, and Levinas’s Crisis of Humanism." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 18, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 86–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2010.173.
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In several places, Levinas identifies the problem that concerns him as a “crisis of humanism.” This problem finds its seeds in modernity but comes to fruition in the inhumanities of the 20th century. Like his philosophical predecessors, Levinas offers an educational model as a solution to a problem he has identified. But this model--Jewish education—is uniquely different from those offered by those who came before him. This essay examines Levinas‘s interest in Jewish education as a solution to this crisis in humanism and considers what the implications of this solution are for his project as a whole.
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Aveiro, Martín Omar. "Benjamín Núñez Vargas y la universidad necesaria para Costa Rica." Revista Electrónica Educare 21, no. 3 (August 6, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.21-3.5.
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The present work is part of a research project carried out in the National University of Cuyo about the Critic Humanism in Latin America during the second half of the 20th century. It is set in two disciplinary fields: practical philosophy and the history of Latin-American ideas. In this case, we contribute with the revision and reconstruction of Fr. Benjamín Nuñez Vargas’ thought whom we consider as critic and humanist, with catholic orientation, in our America. The focus is on categories of recognition and diversity through his philosophical and sociopolitical discourses, with special attention to his proposals for a necessary university in Costa Rica. We worked mainly on the discursive production, considering the discourses as forms of objectification of the practical reason. That is why we had recourse to a bibliographic review and the contributions of the critical theory regarding the analysis of social mediation, especially those of ideologies. We proceed in three steps: exploratory, analytic and of synthesis.
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Polomoshnov, Andrey Fedorovich, Viktor Dmitrievich Bakulov, and Elena Alexandrovna Kotlyarova. "Erich Fromm: criticism and apology of humanism." KANT 39, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-39.41.
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The purpose of the study is to determine the humanistic potential of E. Fromm's philosophy in the context of the modern humanistic crisis. The article examines two sides of E. Fromm's humanism. The first side is the criticism of modern society from point of view of ideals of classical humanism. The second side is an apology for humanistic ideals in the context of a complex of dehumanistic phenomena and tendencies of the 20th century and the search for ways to revive and establish humanism in social practice. Criticism of the limitations of humanism by E. Fromm is associated with the disclosure of the main aspects of alienation of the individual in modern society. Fromm's humanistic ideal, an alternative to the contradictory and limited capitalist humanism, is described by the thinker using concepts such as "healthy personality", "positive freedom", "fruitful orientation", "love", "healthy society". Fromm's ideal of a healthy society is presented in his model of "humanistic socialism". Scientific novelty lies in the establishment of internal contradictions and limitations of the "radical humanism" of the thinker. As a result, it is proved that E. Fromm fails to find effective ways to overcome the dehumanistic processes generated by the development of capitalist society. The concept of the humanistic transformation of capitalist society, developed by the thinker, is a form of an abstract, utopian humanistic project. Therefore, the "radical humanism" of the thinker has only historical and cultural value, but did not become the program of actions and struggle of modern humanists. The practical sterility of abstract humanism does not mean its complete rejection, but stimulates the need to reach a qualitatively new historical form of humanism through constructive overcoming of its limitations.
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Vo, Nhon Van. "TRANSLATED LITERATURE IN COCHINCHINA IN THE LATE 19th CENTURY AND IN THE EARLY 20th CENTURY." Science and Technology Development Journal 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2010): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v13i1.2099.
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Being colonized by France, Cocochina (the South of Vietnam) was the region where Western literature was introduced into earlier than the North. Truong Minh Ky was considered the first translator of Western literature in Vietnam. His earliest works of translation appeared in 1884. By the early 20th century, introduced to Vietnamese readers were Western literary works not only of French origin but also of British, American and Russian origins; not only poetry, prose but also drama. In the late 19th century, many writers such as Truong Vinh Ky, Huynh Tinh Cua were interested in Chinese literature. In the first decade of the 20th century, a wide variety of Chinese novels were translated into Vietnamese, forming a strong movement of translating "truyen Tau” (Chinese fictions). The remarkable characteristics of the translation of Western literature in Cochinchina were as follows - The newspapers and magazines in “Quoc Ngu” (Vietnamese language written in Latin characters) where the first works of translation were published played very important role. - The translators were greatly diverse, coming from different social and cultural backgrounds. - More translation was made on prose. Novels of martial arts, historical stories, novels of heroic deeds attracted the attention of the translators and the publishers. Therefore, they were translated much more than romance novels were, because of their compatibility with popular audience. - By translating the works of Western literature, the writers tried to express new concepts of humanism, such as women rights, or gender issues. Translated literature in Cocochina in the late 19th and early 20th centuries reflects a paradox: Western influences started to leave their marks but the Chinese influence was still strongly engraved. However, this was a remarkable step in the journey of modernization of national literature. Through these early translated works, new literary genres were introduced and Vietnamese readers gradually became familiar with them. Translation experiences were the first steps for Cocochina writers to achieve thorough understanding, to learn Western writing techniques and styles, which helped them become the pioneers of new literature in Vietnam.
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Cymbrowski, Borys. "Od Hamburga do Strasburga. Uwagi o miejskich rozwiązaniach w zakresie pomocy społecznej od końca XVIII do początku XX wieku." Zeszyty Pracy Socjalnej 26, no. 4 (2022): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/24496138zps.21.009.15081.
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From Hamburg to Strasbourg: Some Remarks on Municipal Welfare Measures between the Late 18th and the Early 20th Century The article is a short essay in social work history, strongly inspired by the two-volume book Geschichte der sozialen Arbeit (History of Social Work) by Wolf-Rainer Wendt (2017a, 2017b). From the many themes the German historian of social work discusses in this book I chose one which I consider particularly important. It is a path of institutional development in German urban policies leading from the assumptions of the Enlightenment humanism to modern welfare solutions. From the late 18th to the early 20th century particular poor relief policies were invented and implemented by authorities of fast developing cities in order to prevent the negative effects of mass poverty that accompanied large-scale industrialization. Subsequently, some of those inventions became part of the national legal system. The selection of the discussed problems however subjective is motivated by the hope to throw some light on the sources of contemporary welfare solutions in Central Europe and in Poland.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Humanism – 20th century"
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Yu, Xuying, and 郁旭映. "Alternative modernity discourse and intellectual politics in modern and contemporary China: a case study ofXueheng school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48079844.
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This thesis sets to sketch Chinese intellectuals’ sustained efforts to search for an alternative modernity to the Western model throughout the twentieth century, and uncover the interaction between intellectual politics and Chinese modernity discourse by historicizing and contextualizing Chinese modernity discourse.
This study starts with delineating the consistence and the inconsistence of Chinese modernity discourses by juxtaposing different historical conditions and examining reappeared trends of thoughts. Three intellectual currents, i.e., cultural conservatism, humanism, and professionalism, which emerged in the May Fourth period and remerged in the post-socialist condition, are examined to mirror the spiral dynamics and the locus of Chinese modernity. Their respective roles in reconstructing Chinese cultural, ethical and academic orders in response to Western model of modernity are highlighted in the research. Cultural conservatism attempts to legitimize the Chinese culture in the framework of global modernity by resetting or reinterpreting the dialectical relation between the whole and part, universalism, and essentialism. Humanism emphasizes the standard, the guidance of authority, and the self-perfection to resist the ethical disorder caused by the so-called “modern spirit”, which is embodied by individualism, romanticism, and the immoderate expansion of desire. Professionalism influences the pattern of producing and reproducing knowledge about modernity by re-standardizing the academic and the discursive fields and by remolding the identity of the agents.
After exposing how the “alternative modernity” in China, as a discursive-political device, has been produced and repackaged with various contents and meanings, this thesis proceeds to explore the intellectual pedestal of Chinese modernity discourses from two aspects. First, how do the intellectual strategies of self-positioning and position-taking influence knowledge production and reproduction of the Chinese modernity discourse; second, how articulation and re-articulation of modernity discourse reflect the self-adjustments of intellectual politics as well as identity shifts. Through the comparative and diachronic examinations, it poses that, as Chinese modernity discourse is increasingly served as a symbolic capital or a strategy of intellectual politics, it gradually loses its authenticity or even becomes a signifier without signified. Meanwhile, the state-led modernization practice is reversely becoming homogenous, stable, and less diverse, although the dominant ideology, namely, socialism with Chinese characteristics, is, in itself, hybrid, paradoxical, and strategically manufactured.published_or_final_version
Comparative Literature
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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周嘉耀. "內聖外王？: 第三期儒家人文主義的現代轉向-對民主與科學之一回應 = Neisheng-waiwang? : the modern turn of Confucian humanism at its third period - a response to democracy and science." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2009. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1111.
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Horikawa, Nobuko. "Not Just Child's Play| Neo-Romantic Humanism in Ogawa Mimei's Stories." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10285140.
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During the early twentieth century, Japan was modernizing in all areas of science and art, including children’s literature. Ogawa Mimei (1882-1961) was a prolific writer who advanced various literary forms such as short stories, poems, essays, children’s stories, and children’s songs. As a writer, he was most active during the late Meiji (1868-1912) to Taishō (1912-1926) periods when he was a socialist. During that time, he penned many socialist short stories and children’s stories that were filtered through his humanistic, anarchistic, and romanticist ideals. In this thesis, I analyze Mimei’s socialist short stories and children’s stories written in the 1910s and 1920s. I identify both the characteristics of his writing style and the themes so we can probe Mimei’s ideological and aesthetic ideas, which have been discounted by contemporary critics. His socialist short stories challenged the dogmatic literary approach of Japanese proletarian literature during its golden age of the late 1920s and early 1930s. His socialist children’s stories also deviated from the standard of Japanese children’s literature in the 1950s and 1960s. In this thesis, I break away from the narrow views that confined Mimei to certain literary standards. This thesis is a reevaluation of Mimei’s literature on his own terms from a holistic perspective.
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Cheng, Chi-Suen. "Yves Daniel-Lesur and le canique des cantiques: nonconformism and humanism in a mid-twentieth-century choral work." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/310.
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In 1936, André Jolivet (1905-1974), Yves Baudrier (1906-1988), Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992), Jean-Yves Daniel-Lesur (1908-2002), and Pierre Schaeffer (1910-1995) founded the group Jeune France. They initiated this group under the influence of politically nonconformist movements in France which had started in the 1920s. The ideology of Jeune France was to revive in music 'true human qualities', free from 'extreme political domination'. At a time when some composers, associated with a revolutionary Left wing, were exploring avant-garde ideas in music that included atonalism, serialism, and other advanced techniques out of the common practice, other composers fell into a nationalistic Right wing, recalling the French Catholic traditions, and promoting an exclusive and true 'French' music. In contrast to these polarizing trends, Jeune France tried to trace back its art to its origins, and the goal of Jeune France was to re-establish music composition as something less 'abstract' than the Left, and more 'human' than the Right. The most powerful sound that can reflect the tenets of humanism in music is probably the human voice, especially multiple voices in a choral setting. Thus unaccompanied choral works, in particular, came to be a hallmark of many major composers of the 20th Century. The prevailing social and political environment of the pre-World War Two era also played an important role in contributing to the revival of unaccompanied choral music as a major genre. To demonstrate how these general social and political forces operated in the particular in France at this time, I have used Daniel-Lesur's Le Cantique des Cantiques (1952) to show how these affected a composer at this time. The goal of this research has been to look in depth at both Daniel-Lesur and his most famous work, about which little has been written in English; and to add to a growing body of literature which explores the rise of unaccompanied choral compositions as an important genre in the early 20th Century, a shift that is tied to political, cultural, and social conditions as well as musical ones. Taking Le Cantique des Cantiques as a token of a type, I show how this work reflects these issues as well as the aesthetics behind Jeune France. Finally, I have tried to show just how the experience of Jeune France influenced Daniel-Lesur as a composer as it did his more famous contemporary, Messiaen.
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Lizama, Natalia. "Afterlife, but not as we know it : medicine, technology and the body resurrected." University of Western Australia. School of Social and Cultural Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0186.
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This thesis contends that technologically-derived resurrections of human bodies and bodily fragments can be viewed as indicative of a 'post-biological' ontology. Drawing from examples in which human bodies are resurrected, both figuratively and actually, this thesis puts forward the term 'post-biological subject' as an ideological framework for conceptualising the reconfiguration of human ontology that results from various medical technologies that 'resurrect' the human body. In this instance, the term 'postbiological', borrowed from Hans Moravec who uses it denote a future in which human being is radically disembodied and resurrected within a digital realm, is used somewhat ironically: where Moravec imagines an afterlife in which the body is discarded as so much 'meat', the post-biological afterlife of the body in this thesis centres around a form of corporeal resurrection. Corpses, living organs and excreta may all be resurrected, some of them in digital format, yet this kind of resurrection departs radically from the disembodied spiritual bliss imagined in many conceptualisations of resurrection. The post-biological subject resists ontological delineation and problematises boundaries defining self and other, living and dead, and human and nonhuman and is fraught with a number of cultural anxieties about its unique ontological status. These concerns are analysed in the context of a number of phenomena, including melancholy, horror, monstrosity and the uncanny, all of which similarly indicate an anxious fixation with human ontology. The purpose of discussing post-biological bodies in relation to phenomena such as melancholy or the uncanny is not to reinstate as ideological frameworks the psychoanalytic models from which these concepts are derived, but rather to use them as starting points for more complex analyses of postbiological ontology. The first and second chapters of this thesis discuss instances in which the human body is posthumously modified, drawing on Gunther von Hagens's Body Worlds exhibition and the Visible Human Project. The Body Worlds plastinates are situated in a liminal and ambiguous ontological space between life and death, and it is argued that their extraordinary ontological status evokes a form of imagined melancholy, wherein the longed-for and lost melancholic object is a complete process of death. In the case of the Visible Human Project, it is argued that the gruesome and highly technologised process of creating the Visible Male, wherein the corpse is effectively dehumanised and iv rendered geometric, evokes the trope of horror, while at the same time being fraught with a nostalgic longing for a pre-technological, anatomically 'authentic' body. The third and fourth chapters of this thesis discuss instances in which the living human body is reconfigured, focusing on immortal cell lines and organ transplantation, and on medical imaging technologies such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In the third chapter it is argued that organ transplantation and the creation of immortal cell lines give rise to profound anxieties about ontological contamination through their capacity to render permeable the imagined boundaries defining self, and in this way invoke the monstrous. The fourth chapter interrogates the representation of medical imaging in Don DeLillo?s novel White Noise, arguing that the medical representation of the body functions as a form of double, a digital doppelganger that elicits an uncanny anxiety through its capacity to presage death.
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Backx, Isabela 1986. "Paul Rivet e Paulo Duarte : discursos sobre humanismo e arqueologia no Brasil." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281612.
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Orientador: Aline Vieira de CarvalhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T03:36:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Backx_Isabela_M.pdf: 990287 bytes, checksum: 5c5f5e68b801bde94e1643537eba4ba1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A presente pesquisa analisa como se deu a construção dos discursos sobre Homem e Humanismo por Paul Rivet e Paulo Duarte, intelectuais que influenciaram de maneira fundamental o desenvolvimento de alguns dos principais pilares da Arqueologia acadêmica no Brasil. Essa investigação tem o objetivo de demonstrar que os conceitos não são verdades naturais e imodificáveis, mas construções discursivas que devem ser investigadas para ressaltar sua historicidade e seus usos políticos, e, portanto, sua capacidade de transformação e adaptação. Este trabalho foca-se especialmente na análise dos conceitos de Homem e Humanismo em Rivet e Duarte, procurando demonstrar que sua construção se deu obedecendo aos desejos, interesses e contextos de seus produtores. Relidas na atualidade, tais concepções podem abrir espaços para repensarmos termos que são caros à Arqueologia
Abstract: This research aims to analyze how speech construction about Human and Humanism were made by Paul Rivet and Paulo Duarte, intellectuals who deeply influenced the development of some of the main pillars of academic Archaeology in Brazil. This research aims to show that a concept is not an unchangeable and natural truth, but it is a discursive construction that should be investigated to stand out its historicity and politic uses, and therefore its transformation and adaptation capability. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the concepts of Man and Humanism in Rivet e Duarte, trying to show that the construction of these concepts were based on obeying the producers 'desires, interest and contexts. Read today, these concepts are able to open up spaces for rethinking terms that are important to Archaeology
Mestrado
Historia Cultural
Mestra em História
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Dennison, John. "Seamus Heaney and the adequacy of poetry : a study of his prose poetics." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3026.
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Seamus Heaney's prose poetics return repeatedly to the adequacy of poetry, its ameliorative, restorative response to the inimical reality of life in the public domain. Drawing on manuscript as well as print sources, this thesis charts the development of this central theme, demonstrating the extent to which it threads throughout the whole of Heaney's thought, from his earliest conceptual formation to his late cultural poetics. Heaney's preoccupation with this idea largely originates in his undergraduate studies where he encounters Leavis and Arnold's accounts of poetry's adequacy: its ameliorative cultural and spiritual function. He also inherits, from Romantic and modernist influences, two differing accounts of poetry's relationship to reality. That conflicted inheritance engenders a crisis within Heaney's own early theorisation of poetry's adequacy to the violence of public life. An important period of clarification ensues, out of which emerge the dualisms of his later thought, and his emphasis on poetry's capacity to encompass, and yet remain separate from, ‘history'. Accompanied by habitual appropriation of Christian doctrine and language, these conceptual structures increasingly assume a redemptive pattern. By the mid-1990s, Heaney's humanist commitment to a ‘totally adequate' poetry has assumed a thoroughly Arnoldian character. The logical strain of his conceptual constructions—particularly the emphasis on poetry's autonomy from history—becomes acutely apparent, revealing just how appropriate the ambivalent ideal ‘adequacy' is. The subsequent expansion of Heaney's poetics into a general affirmation of the arts illuminates the fiduciary character of his trust in poetry while exposing the limits of that trust: Heaney's belief in poetry's adequacy constitutes a humanist substitute for—indeed, an ‘afterimage' of—Christian belief. This, finally, is the deep significance of the idea of adequacy to Heaney's thought: it allows us to identify precisely the Arnoldian origin, the late humanist character, and the limits of his troubled trust in poetry.
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Claro, Mauro. "Dissolução da Unilabor: crise e falência de uma autogestão operária - São Paulo, 1963 - 1967." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-04032013-103923/.
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Este estudo busca trazer elementos para explicar a crise que dissolveu a Unilabor, uma experiência autogestionária operária única a seu tempo, em São Paulo, através da análise da documentação interna da empresa, das informações prestadas por alguns dos participantes, entrevistados, e pelo recurso à hipótese de prevalência de uma racionalidade instrumental, a certa altura dos acontecimentos, em lugar da racionalidade substantiva pressuposta nos fundamentos da comunidade. Os elementos para a formulação e exame dessa hipótese provêm das teorias marxistas do trabalho, conforme reformuladas e atualizadas por autores como Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz e Ricardo Antunes, os quais, mesmo não uniformemente, apontam os elementos atuais de uma crise da categoria \'trabalho\' como elemento central da formação da riqueza. Também os conceitos de comunidade, solidariedade, esperança e amizade, conforme expostos e analisados por Giorgio Agamben e Terry Eagleton, servirão para problematizar as conclusões do trabalho. O aspecto estético, consubstanciado no desenho industrial utilizado nos móveis produzidos pela Unilabor, aparece como fundamento secundário da hipótese de insuficiência substantiva apresentada, pois pretendeu ser fator pedagógico, portanto de aprendizado de ofício, para os operários envolvidos na autogestão. Tal programa estético, tanto quanto a solidariedade, a amizade e a racionalidade substantiva, também mostrou-se insuficiente para a manutenção dos laços comunitários.This study aims to gather elements to explain the crisis that dissolved Unilabor, a workers\' self-management experience in São Paulo that was unique in its time, through the analysis of the company\'s internal documentation, through information provided by some of the participants who were interviewed, as well as by resorting to the hypothesis of prevalence of an instrumental rationality, at one point, in place of the substantive rationality assumed in the fundamentals of the community. The elements for the formulation and analysis of this hypothesis come from Marxist theories of labor, as reformulated and updated by authors such as Robert Kurz, Roberto Schwarz, Moishe Postone, Jürgen Habermas, André Gorz, and Ricardo Antunes, who, albeit not uniformly, have pointed out the current elements of a crisis of the category \'work\' as a central element in the creation of wealth. Additionally, the concepts of community, solidarity, hope, and friendship, as defined and analyzed by Giorgio Agamben, and Terry Eagleton will be used to open the conclusions of this paper up to discussion. The aesthetic aspect, embodied in the industrial design of the furniture produced by Unilabor is present as a background for the substantive insufficiency hypothesis that is presented, since it intends to function as a factor that is pedagogical, thus concerning the learning of one\'s craft by workers involved in the self-management. This aesthetic program, as much as the solidarity, friendship, and substantive rationality, also proved to be insufficient for the maintenance of community ties.
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Roodt, Vasti. "Amor fati, amor mundi : Nietzsche and Arendt on overcoming modernity." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1230.
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Verheij, Gerbert. "The aesthetic of Lisbon: Writing and practices during the early 20th century." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404490.
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This study tries to tackle the notion of “urban aesthetics” as it was articulated throughout the first three decades of the 20th century in Portuguese writing on the city, and practised in different forms of spatial production. A diffuse vocabulary – estética urbana, estética citadina, estética da cidade, das edificações, da rua… – signals a persistent understanding of the city as a work of art, both in the way it was experienced – an “urban aesthetic” – and contrived – an “urban aesthetics.” The general ambition of this study is to give visibility to and to reconstruct the conditions of legibility of this set of writings and practices which responded to the once alluring call of the aesthetic. The territory elected to trace the conceptual and practical unravelling of these ideas – so intricately linked to the particularities of place – is Lisbon. In this city, the topic becomes almost unavoidable in writings on urban presents and futures after 1900. Aesthetic arguments were consistently and insistently employed to critically describe urban beauty or, more frequently, urban ugliness, to advocate aesthetic improvement and to justify or criticize concrete ideas and projects. This phenomenon is studied against a background of intense international exchange during this formative phase of the modern planning disciplines, from Town and City Planning to Städtebau and Urbanisme. Aesthetic considerations were manifestly present, and it is argued that aesthetic discourse in Lisbon signals the reception of internationally circulating ideas, words, images and people.
More precisely, this study proceeds to a kind of archaeology of the gaze and discourse of “urban aesthetics,” studying the functions it performed within different social, cultural and political contexts and the relations and tensions with relevant urban realities which pervaded it. One conclusion is that the notion of an “urban aesthetics” remained ill-defined, a common place relying on shared adversity to the modern urban landscape rather than any explicit program or solution. Subsequently, the assimilation by municipal regulation and institutions of public demands of “aesthetic supervision” is reconstructed. The four years of municipal council activity of the architect Miguel Ventura Terra, from 1908 to 1913, were crucial in this tentative articulation of actual practices of aesthetic control and urban design, even if along the subsequent decades they were never given the desired legal and institutional breath.
Finally, during the 1930s the vocabulary of “urban aesthetics” was appropriated by a new generation of architects, urban planners and politicians and put at the service of the urban ideals of a dictatorial New State, signalling the persistence of aesthetic considerations in the local institution of the discipline of planning.
An epilogue proposes that the viewpoint of urban aesthetics can contribute to new perspectives over the production and experience of Lisbon during the first decades of the 20th century.La presente investigación enfoca la noción de “estética urbana” tal como la fueron articulando las escritos sobre la ciudad y los diferentes modos de hacer cuidad durante las primeras tres décadas del siglo XX. Un copioso vocabulario – estética urbana, estética citadina, estética da cidade, das edificações, da rua… – señala un entendimiento persistente de la ciudad experimentada y deseada como obra de arte. La aspiración global de la investigación es dar visibilidad y reconstruir las condiciones de legibilidad a este conjunto de escritos y prácticas que respondían a la llamada antes atractiva del estético. Lisboa es el territorio elegido para rastrear su enredo conceptual y material. Sobre todo a partir de 1900 el tema se vuelve una parada casi obligatoria en escritos sobre el presente y futuro de la ciudad. El uso de argumentos de carácter estético para describir críticamente la belleza o, más comúnmente, la fealdad urbana, para promover mejoras estéticas o para justificar o criticar ideas y proyectos concretos era consistente e insistente. En el trasfondo se apunta el cerrado intercambio internacional durante la formación de las modernas disciplinas urbanísticas, de la Town and City Planning a la Städtebau y el Urbanisme. Dentro del horizonte disciplinar, las consideraciones estéticas tenían lugar relevante, y el desarrollo de la “estética urbana” en Lisboa es interpretado como manifestación de la recepción de ideas, palabras, imágenes y personas que circulaban internacionalmente. Asimismo, se propone una especie de arqueología de la mirada y del discurso de la “estética urbana,” estudiando las funciones que la noción ejercía en distintos contextos sociales, culturales y políticos y las relaciones y tensiones que nacían del embate con realidades urbanas relevantes. Una de las conclusiones es que la noción de “estética urbana” apenas se definía; era un lugar común que se alimentaba más de la hostilidad compartida ante el moderno paisaje urbano que de un programa o solución explícito. Por otro lado, se indaga como las exigencias de la opinión pública de “supervisión estética” eran asimiladas o no en ordenanzas e instituciones municipales o nacionales. Los cuatro años en los que el arquitecto Miguel Ventura Terra integró el ayuntamiento de la ciudad, de 1908 a 1913, resultan decisivos en el pretendido despliegue de prácticas eficaces de controlo estético y diseño urbano, incluso cuando no recibieron la deseada amplitud legal e institucional durante las dos décadas siguientes. Después de 1926 el vocabulario de la “estética urbana” fue, por ende, apropiado por una nueva generación de arquitectos, urbanistas y políticos y puesta al servicio de los ideales urbanos de la dictadura del Estado Novo, sugiriendo que motivos estéticos persistan en la constitución de la moderna disciplina urbanística. Un epílogo propone que la mirada hacia y desde la estética urbana puede contribuir a esbozar nuevas perspectivas sobre la producción y experiencia de la ciudad de Lisboa durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX.
Este estudo aborda a noção de “estética urbana” ou “da cidade,” tal como foi formulada durante as primeiras três décadas do século XX em escritos sobre a cidade, e praticada em diferentes formas de produção de espaço. Um profuso vocabulário – estética urbana, estética citadina, estética da cidade, das edificações, da rua… – assinala um entendimento persistente da cidade experimentada e desejada como obra de arte. A ambição global deste estudo é a de dar visibilidade a e reconstruir as condições de legibilidade deste conjunto de escritos e práticas que respondiam ao apelo outrora tentador do estético. O território elegido para rastrear a trama conceptual e prática destas ideias – tão intrincadamente ligadas às especificidades do lugar – é Lisboa. Sobretudo a partir de 1900 o tema torna-se passagem quase obrigatória em escritos sobre o presente e o futuro da cidade. Argumentos de carácter estético eram mobilizados de forma consistente e insistente para descrever criticamente a beleza e, mais comummente, a fealdade urbanas, para promover “embelezamentos” e para justificar ou criticar ideias e projectos concretos. Este fenómeno é visto contra o fundo de um denso intercâmbio internacional durante a formação das modernas disciplinas urbanísticas, da Town and City Planning à Städtebau e ao Urbanisme. Neste panorama, considerações estéticas marcavam presença, e o florescimento da “estética urbana” em Lisboa é entendida como sintoma da recepção desta circulação internacional de ideias, palavras, imagens e pessoas. Mais especificamente, este estudo propõe uma espécie de arqueologia do olhar e do discurso da “estética urbana,” estudando as funções desempenhadas por este termo em diferentes contextos sociais, culturais e políticos e as relações e tensões que nasciam do seu confronto com realidades urbanas relevantes. Uma conclusão é que a noção de “estética urbana” ficou por definir; era um lugar comum que dependia mais de uma animosidade partilhada perante a moderna paisagem urbana do que um programa ou solução explícita. De seguida, a assimilação (e não-assimilação) das exigências públicas de “supervisão estética” em regulamentos e instituições municipais ou nacionais é rastreada. Os quatro anos em que o arquitecto Miguel Ventura Terra foi vereador da cidade, entre 1908 e 1913, revelam-se cruciais nesta tentativa de articular práticas efectivas de controlo estético e desenho urbano, mesmo se durante as duas décadas subsequentes estas nunca receberam a desejada abrangência legal e institucional. A partir de 1926 o vocabulário da “estética urbana” foi apropriado por uma nova geração de arquitectos, urbanistas e políticos, e posto ao serviço dos ideais urbanos da ditadura do Estado Novo, sinalizando a persistência de motivos estéticos na constituição da moderna disciplina urbanística. Um epílogo propõe que o olhar para e desde a estética urbana pode contribuir a trazer novas perspectivas sobre a produção e experiência da cidade de Lisboa durante as primeiras décadas do século XX.
Books on the topic "Humanism – 20th century"
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Kurtz, Paul. Humanist manifesto 2000: A call for a new planetary humanism. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 2000.
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Einstein, Albert. Essays in humanism. New York: Open Road Integrated Media, 2015.
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Chakrabarti, Mohit. Gandhian humanism. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 1992.
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Lubac, Henri de. The Drama of Atheist Humanism. San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 1995.
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Congress, World Federation of Humanists. Humanism and the good life: Proceedings of the Fifteenth Congress of the World Federation of Humanists. New York: P. Lang, 1998.
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Cárdenas, Rodolfo José. El humanismo cristiano. Caracas: Editorial Pomaire, 1992.
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Cave, David. Mircea Eliade's vision for a new humanism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
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Perrin, Ron. Max Scheler's concept of the person: An ethics of humanism. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
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L, Bullough Vern, and Madigan Tim, eds. Toward a new enlightenment: The philosophy of Paul Kurtz. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1994.
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Brabers, Jules. Van pioniers tot professionals: De dienst humanistisch geestelijke verzorging bij de krijgsmacht (1964-2004). Utrecht: De Tijdstroom, 2006.
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Taylor, Tim, and Alan Dorin. "Robot Evolution and the Fate of Humanity: Pop Culture and Futurology in the Early 20th Century." In Rise of the Self-Replicators, 29–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48234-3_4.
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Ge, Deng. "Nuclear Laws for Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy." In Nuclear Law, 29–43. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-495-2_2.
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AbstractThe development and utilization of nuclear energy is one of the greatest achievements of the 20th century. It has greatly enhanced the ability of humanity to understand and shape the world and had a significant impact on the development of technology and civilization. In the 21st century, the United Nations (UN) has developed the “Millennium Development Goals” and the “2030 Sustainable Development Goals” to promote a comprehensive solution to the world’s social, economic and environmental issues. To this end, nuclear energy offers unique advantages, but the associated risks and challenges of its further development and utilization must be addressed. Nuclear law is a powerful tool for regulating its development and responding to those risks and challenges. The Chinese Government has always developed nuclear energy for peaceful purposes in a safe and innovative way. At the Nuclear Security Summit in 2014, President Xi Jinping proposed adhering to a rational, coordinated and balanced approach to nuclear security and promoting a fair, cooperative and win–win international nuclear security regime. This not only summarizes China’s experience in establishing a nuclear legal framework and developing nuclear industry, but would also strengthen international nuclear governance and promote nuclear energy to better benefit humanity. The international community should fulfil international obligations strictly, implement national responsibilities effectively, and jointly maintain the UN focused international system and international legal order, contributing to the realization of the common goal of “Atoms for Peace and Development”.
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Moss-Wellington, Wyatt. "An Introduction to the Millennial Suburban Ensemble Film." In Narrative Humanism, 129–45. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474454315.003.0008.
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Part III uses the hermeneutics and narrative theory established in the first half of the book to investigate a film genre that emerged at the end of the millennium: the suburban ensemble dramedy. The first chapter makes the case that suburban ensemble cinema comparatively amalgamates a number of conventions from a range of antecedent genres: infidelity dramas, family trauma dramas, the midlife crisis film and the coming-of-age film, along with works from other media, including socially conscious domestic TV sitcoms. It compares the history of suburban media depiction in American cinema with the lived realities of residentially dispersed contexts as they developed over the second half of the 20th century.
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Liakh, Vitalii. "PREREQUISITES FOR HUMANISM OF THE 20TH CENTURY: EXISTENTIALISM VERSUS DEPTH PSYCHOLOGY." In THE ROLE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN UKRAINE AND THE WORLD: MILESTONES AND OUTLOOK, 32–45. Liha-Pres, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36059/978-966-397-190-2/32-45.
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"Epilogue: Humanism Suspended—The Reverberations of Silence." In Cervantes, the Golden Age, and the Battle for Cultural Identity in 20th-Century Spain. Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501374951.ch-e.
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Rodríguez Morales, Luis Alfredo. "From the sciences to humanism in the design." In Bauen. Towards the construction of design from a social and humanist vision, 91–111. UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA METROPOLITANA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/9786072818484/cap5.
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"he paradigm of Modern Design defines its contours in the first decades of the 20th century. Like any other, this was a process in which different people participated and that synthesized various currents, along which a guiding axis prevailed: rationality and, consequently, the application of structured methods to the process of configuring objects. Towards the 1980s, the paradigm of the Modern Movement began to be questioned, due both to the evolution of the discipline itself and to the pressure of external factors among which the accelerated process of globalization, the strengthening of neoliberal economics, the growing importance of minorities and the technological change towards digital."
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Paradiso-Testa, Maria. "A Reflective Essay of a Conceptual Model for Self-Directed Learning for the Adult Learner." In Self-Directed Learning and the Academic Evolution From Pedagogy to Andragogy, 163–72. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7661-8.ch009.
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Of the many factors affecting our lives today, the ever-changing landscape of education is at the forefront. Learning is a complex behavior which involves cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. While pedagogy is the art and science of teaching children, andragogy is the art and science of teaching adults. The term pedagogy came into use in the seventh century. It wasn't until the 19th and 20th centuries that what we know as traditional learning theories—behaviorism, humanism, cognitivism, social cognitivism, and constructivism—were recognized. They were derived from the investigative tools of theorists—Pavlov, Skinner, Piaget, Freud, Maslow, Rogers, and Thorndike—to understand the nature of learning. In 1970, Malcolm Knowles promoted andragogy as a model of assumption that serves as a basis for an emergent theory. Today, the way of differentiating adult learners from children learners is through the process of andragogy.
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Fezzi, Luca. "Corruption in Republican Thought." In The Oxford Handbook of Republicanism. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197754115.013.16.
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Abstract In associated life, corruption is one of the greatest problems of all time. In analysing the phenomenon, one can introduce a tripartition, not so much theoretical as functional: the corruption of a system, the corruption of rulers and the corruption of citizens, individually or as a whole. All three aspects are closely interrelated; the focus on the former—particularly accentuated in ancient Greek and Roman thought—only diminished in the age of revolutions, when political change lost its negative connotation. For thinkers of the ancient world and later for republicans, the main problem of corruption was and remains the drainage of resources at the expense of civic virtue and the public good. This chapter identifies the development of the idea of corruption from the Greek to the Roman world, to Machiavelli, Harrington, Sidney, Rousseau, and from the nineteenth-century separation between ‘ancients’ and ‘moderns’ to their partial historiographical reunion through late 20th and early 21st century interpretations that re-evaluate the role of ‘civic humanism’ and especially the ‘neo-Roman theory of free states’.
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Pitacco, Ermanno, Michel Denuit, Steven Haberman, and Annamaria Olivieri. "Mortality trends during the 20th century." In Modelling Longevity Dynamics for Pensions and Annuity Business, 89–136. Oxford University PressOxford, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199547272.003.0003.
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Abstract Life expectancy at birth among early humans was likely to be between 20 and 30 years as testified by evidence that has been glaned from tombstones inscriptions, genealogical records, and skeletal remains. Around 1750, the first national population data began being collected in the Nordic countries. At that time, life expectancy at birth was around 35–40 years in the more developed countries. It then rose to about 40–45 by the mid-1800s. Rapid improvements began at the end of the 19th century, so that, by the middle of the 20th century it was approximately 60–65 years. By the beginning of the 21st century, life expectancy at birth has reached about 70 years. The average life span has thus, roughly tripled over the course of human history. Much of this increase has happened in the past 150 years: the 20th century has been characterized by a huge increase in average longevity compared to all of the previous centuries. Broadly speaking, the average life span increased by 25 years in the 10,000 years before 1850. Another 25-year increase took place between 1850 and 2000. And there is no evidence that improvements in longevity are tending to slow down.
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Becker, Carl. "Philosophy Educating Humanity." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 6–12. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia19985107.
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The 20th century may be considered the ultimate expression of Western ideals and philosophy: "civilized" humanity's attempt to dominate "uncivilized" peoples and nature. The 21st century soberingly proclaims the shortsightedness and ultimate unsustainability of this philosophy. This paper shows the limitations of a modern Western world-view, and the practical applicability of ideas to be found in Asian philosophies. In outline, the contrast may be portrayed by the following overgeneralizations: (1) From a linear to a cyclical world view; (2) from divine salvation to karmic necessity; (3) from human dominion over nature to human place within nature; (4) from the perfectibility of humanity and the world through science; (5) from atomistic mechanistic individualism to organic interdependence; (6) from competition to cooperation; (7) from glorification of wealth to respect for humanhood; (8) from absolute cultural values to necessary common values. Each of these attitudes is examined in light of what we now know about the world in the 21st century, as Asian philosophy is found applicable to address future problems.
Conference papers on the topic "Humanism – 20th century"
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Koblenkova, Diana V. "ON SOME TRENDS IN THE SATIRICAL LITERATURE AND CINEMATOGRAPHY OF SWEDEN AT THE END OF THE 20TH — BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY (C.-J. VALLGREN AND R. ÖSTLUND)." In Second Scientific readings in memory of Professor V. P. Berkov. St. Petersburg State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063576.
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The article deals with satirical tendencies in Swedish literature and cinema of the end of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century. On the example of the book by C.-J. Vallgren “This is for you for a brochure, Mr. Bachmann” and R. Östlund’s paintings “Turist” (“Force Majeure”), “Voluntarily-compulsory”, “The Square” and “Triangle of Sadness”, the main problems of Swedish society are analyzed, which are becoming pan-European scale. The paper concludes that both authors consider the most significant problems to be the disappearance of independent thinking, the distortion of ethical principles, the fear of losing personal well-being against the backdrop of growing ethnic and class contradictions in Europe, indicating the beginning of a new socio-political stage in society. Comprehending European double standards, hypocrisy, ostentatious political correctness, the authors testify that European society is turning into a refined capitalist minority that has lost its main value orientation — Christian humanism. The poetics of the literary and cinematographic works of Vallgren and Östlund differ significantly from the methods of their predecessors: modern authors abandon the satirical principles of secondary convention, allowing themselves only slight exaggeration. This testifies to the desire for journalism, documentary depiction, the movement from fiction to non-fiction, to the understanding of the historical context and socio-political perspective.
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Kostrigin, Artem Andreevich. "Attitude To Property In Russia In The 19th - Early 20th Century." In International Conference «Humanity in the Era of Uncertainty». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.12.02.9.
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Pilipavicius, Vytautas, and Jan Zukovskis. "Development of ecosystem service opportunities in the Nemunas delta in the context of global climate change." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.024.
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The second half of the 20th century brought to light the consequences of human activity, when Humanity was confronted with demiurgical complexes and realized that the planet Earth was not only nature, but a complex system that today could no longer be operated by traditional methods and logic. While until the middle of the 20th century man used natural resources only to meet his needs, the 21st century poses new challenges for mankind to manage the consequences of human activities and to use them rationally and sustainably. The paper presents a study aimed at assessing the potential of ecosystem services development in the Nemunas Delta and anticipating their development directions. As a result of the research, the possible development directions of the Elderships were presented. It was done in two scenarios. The research was carried out in six municipality subdivisions (elderships) of the Nemunas Delta area in the framework of the Lithuanian Science Council project ‘Interaction of ecosystem services and human activities in the context of climate change’. Preparation of this paper was supported by funding from European Social Fund (project No 09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-0178) under the grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT).
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Fedorova, O. A. "TO THE FAUNA OF MIDGES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) AND BITING MIDGES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) YAMALO-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-40.
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On the territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, the study of midges and biting midges was carried out during the exploration of new oil and gas deposits in the second half of the 20th century. Currently, the study of the spread of midges and biting midges is relevant, since they are carriers of a number of infectious and invasive diseases of animals and humans. The fauna of blood-sucking diptera insects of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is represented by 116 species. The faunal list of blood-sucking midges of the region is represented by 24 species, including 1 – Simulium paramorsitans, biting midges by 33 species, including 1 species –Culicoides punctatus. This species was first indicated both for the tundra zone and for the region. Today the topic is relevant and requires further research.
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Romanova, K. "THE MANIFESTATIONS OF TRANSCULTURALITY IN ELCHIN SAFARLI’S NOVEL THE “SWEET SAULT OF THE BOSPHORUS”." In VIII International Conference “Russian Literature of the 20th-21st Centuries as a Whole Process (Issues of Theoretical and Methodological Research)”. LCC MAKS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m3734.rus_lit_20-21/234-238.
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The article analyses how transculturality manifests itself in a Russian-language novel the Sweet Salt of the Bosphorus by Azerbaijani writer Elchin Safarli. Despite the author’s allusions to the Constantinopolitan text of the 20th century Russian literature, a range of specifics prevents one from referring this novel to the Russian literary tradition. Due to the symbiosis of two mentalities in Safarli’s perception of the world, this literary piece incorporates the following transliterary features of writing: the author’s specific bilingual consciousness, which unlike monolingual, particularly the Russian one, states that human’s destiny is predetermined by one’s personal choice and actions, and the reconstruction of an Azerbaijani view of the world by means of the Russian language, which at the level of poetics manifests itself in that the gustatory and olfactory components of perception become dominant form of the autobiographical character’s sensory reactivity and are an important key to understanding the author’s position.
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Plamadeala, Ana-Maria. "The cinema actor in the hypostasis of ideals and virtues of the “ancestral soul”." In Simpozion Național de Studii Culturale, dedicat Zilelor Europene ale Patrimoniului. Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/sc21.04.
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The approach to the inner life of man by the seventh art through detail shots and foreground ones resulted in the “eye in eye” effect, as a result of which the viewer found his double, alleviating the desolate loneliness in the rush of galloping sociocultural metamorphoses of the 20th century. Thus, the enlightening mission of the seventh art was proliferated, which through the white screen, revealed to humanity the polychromatic palette of Earth’s human offspring. Regarding the contribution of the Moldovan film to this domain, we note with satisfaction the widening of the anthropological range by launching a psycho-cultural type of an original parentage – the nostalgic hero. The actors Sandri Ion Şcurea and Serghei Lunchevici competed in this performance. Through their inspired roles, they managed to capitalize on the hierarchy of spiritual values of the nation, sealed in the vocation of transcendence and cosmicization, of the “thirst for eternity” (M. Eliade), the spiritualization of the tragic, the mioritic catharsis, the nostalgia of the heroic consecration, etc.
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Kardasz, Piotr. "USE DATABASE IN ICT TO DISCUB THE FUEL BASE." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/2.1/s07.15.
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Databases and ICT capabilities allow for the analysis of trends and possibilities of change. The use of ICT enables a broader problem analysis and an indication of how and where to process it For a given biodiversity, specific situation and existence, refer to the global situation and the global step on energy fuel becomes bigger with each step. Therefore, a more and more needed, soon to be added supplement, accompanying, supplementing the source. The closest available alternatives to humans are so-called biofuels, which take advantage of the toxicity produced by gasoline. Global, with currency sales, was present below the sale. Also described are the guide steps, guided steps, and discharge points. Petroleum has been extracted and used for centuries for lighting purposes. Along with the popularisation of internal combustion engines and the use of diesel oil, its use has increased. In the 20th century, the consumption of liquid fuels increased with technological and economic development, and petroleum was slowly displacing coal also in the energy sector.
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Ramšak, Jure. "Depoliticisation of religious interest? The league of communists of Slovenia and the ambiguities of its religious policy during the final decades of Yugoslavia." In International conference Religious Conversions and Atheization in 20th Century Central and Eastern Europe. Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper, Annales ZRS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35469/978-961-7195-39-2_04.
Full textAbstract:
The fact that progressive theologians and Marxist-humanist sociologists of religion had publicly displayed a significant level of mutual understanding and reached notably similar conclusions regarding Church-state relations by the early 1990s cannot obfuscate the controversies within the sphere of societal life in Yugoslavia that remained least affected by the principles of socialist self-management democracy. On the surface, the relationship between the Catholic Church and the state authorities in Slovenia, the northernmost and predominantly Catholic republic of Yugoslavia, appeared fairly peaceful and cooperative throughout the late socialist period. Furthermore, as this paper illustrates, Slovenian religious policy was proposed as a sophisticated model for the inclusive life of believers in a modern socialist society and presented to Vatican diplomats, international experts, and foreign journalists. Nonetheless, during that period, the more independent intellectuals, Catholic and Marxist alike, who warned that the Slovenian Catholic Church was departing from the course of the Second Vatican Council and that the Communist Party should abandon its orthodox Marxist-Leninist understanding of religion to foster genuine dialogue, were marginalised. Instead, there were lengthy debates focusing on whether certain social activities of the Catholic Church encroached on the domain designated for initiatives of the League of Communists and the Socialist Alliance of Working People. With a mounting crisis and increasing public pressure, some public religious manifestations were allowed in the second half of the 1980s, but the fundamental problems remained unaddressed. Although the liberalization of public discourse in Yugoslavia’s final years brought to the fore issues such as freedom of religion and freedom from religion ‒ both of which were integral to the contested programme of the ruling Communist Party and the type of socialist secular society the Slovenian reformed Communists sought to establish ‒, there was not enough time to rework the entrenched religious policy that had alienated many religious citizens.
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Schneider-Skalska, Grażyna, and Paweł Tor. "Residential areas in the structure of the city: case studies from west europe and Krakow." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8079.
Full textAbstract:
Once they adopted the sedentary lifestyle, humans set to building settlements which were to protect groups of families and give them the sense of belonging to a material and social community. The settlement unit which could be called a housing complex goes back thousands of years BC. The scale of problems related to housing environment grew considerably with the emergence and development of cities, yet truly distinctive quantitative and qualitative changes occurred in the early 20th century.
Implementation of the programmatic assumptions of the Athens Charter resulted in the emergence of spatial and functional structures based on hierarchic dependence of components. The initial projects reflected the pursuit of a human-scale environment and the structural division into neighbourhood units. Undoubtedly, the second part of the 20th century brought about a change in the trends of development in cities. Large housing estates were abandoned in favour of a much greater diversity of housing complex forms – the revived form of city street, urban block or the classic form of a residential complex with clearly delineated structure, services and – most frequently –some recreational areas. The 21st century draws from well-known patterns, complementing them with new elements and solutions imposed by the requirements of the principles of sustainable development. Due to the limited availability of land in highly urbanized central city parts, contemporary housing development occupies more peripheral areas, often at the border between urban and rural neighbourhoods. The development process involves numerous participants, often with opposing interests – public authorities, whose concern should be sustainable growth of the whole city, and developer firms and investors, whose motivation is to maximize profit. This situation has led in most Polish cities to the emergence of disconnected fenced-away residential ghettos with no spatial order.
Meanwhile, housing development in Western Europe continues to be built as planned urban complexes drawing from the experience of the past and satisfying the needs of the contemporary city dwellers.
The article presents several urban complexes with dominant housing development (Orestad in Copenhagen, Monte Laa and Nordbahnhof-Area in Vienna, Ijburg in Amsterdam and Riem in Munich) built relatively recently.It discusses their functional, spatial and social characteristics, which make them examples of good practice in contemporary urban planning. They demonstrate clearly that only comprehensive planning in a broader scale guarantees creation of high-quality urban spaces, where the welfare of resident communities is a priority.
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Peiffer, Keith. "The Rise and Fall of Acoustical Panel Ceilings." In 109th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.109.50.
Full textAbstract:
The standard acoustical panel ceiling (APC) developed in the late 1950s and is still installed widely today. Since its inception, there has been a significant shift in architectural discourse on the APC, from being seen as a revolutionary system that was an instrument of modernity and progress to a common signifier of soul-sucking office environments less than 50 years later. This paper will chronicle the rise and fall of the APC over the second half of the 20th century within office spaces. At its introduction into the market, the APC was a key techno¬logical development aiming to integrate building systems, support flexibility, and humanize the interior. Better yet, the APC promised to do all of this cheaply, quickly, simply, and beautifully, while requiring little maintenance. The use of the APC accelerated due to its easy adaptability over the next few decades. By the late 1990s, the APC appears to have failed to humanize the interior, with the office environments they graced seen as alienating and the ceiling system itself seen as “symbols of bland conformity.” In 1999, there was a particular resonance and alignment between popular culture and architectural discourse with the release of three popular films—Office Space, American Beauty, and Fight Club—that marked the nadir of the APC. Each film featured a protagonist who overcomes the monotony of their banal office environment and the APC played a key role in setting this context. This telling of the APC’s story demonstrates the interplay between culture and architectural discourse and the ways that attitudes toward elements of architecture are constantly shifting.