Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human-Wildlife conflict and coexistence

Academic literature on the topic 'Human-Wildlife conflict and coexistence'

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Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Human-Wildlife conflict and coexistence"

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Goswami, V. R., D. Vasudev, D. Karnad, Y. C. Krishna, M. Krishnadas, M. Pariwakam, T. Nair, A. Andheria, S. Sridhara, and I. Siddiqui. "Conflict of human-wildlife coexistence." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 2 (January 2, 2013): E108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1215758110.

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Nyhus, Philip J. "Human–Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 41, no. 1 (November 2016): 143–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085634.

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Su, Kaiwen, Han Zhang, Lin Lin, Yilei Hou, and Yali Wen. "Bibliometric analysis of human–wildlife conflict: From conflict to coexistence." Ecological Informatics 68 (May 2022): 101531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101531.

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Klees van Bommel, Joanna, Catherine Sun, Adam T. Ford, Melissa Todd, and A. Cole Burton. "Coexistence or conflict: Black bear habitat use along an urban-wildland gradient." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 29, 2022): e0276448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276448.

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The urban-wildland interface is expanding and increasing the risk of human-wildlife conflict. Some wildlife species adapt to or avoid living near people, while others select for anthropogenic resources and are thus more prone to conflict. To promote human-wildlife coexistence, wildlife and land managers need to understand how conflict relates to habitat and resource use in the urban-wildland interface. We investigated black bear (Ursus americanus) habitat use across a gradient of human disturbance in a North American hotspot of human-black bear conflict. We used camera traps to monitor bear activity from July 2018 to July 2019, and compared bear habitat use to environmental and anthropogenic variables and spatiotemporal probabilities of conflict. Bears predominantly used areas of high vegetation productivity and increased their nocturnality near people. Still, bears used more high-conflict areas in summer and autumn, specifically rural lands with ripe crops. Our results suggest that bears are generally modifying their behaviours in the urban-wildland interface through spatial and temporal avoidance of humans, which may facilitate coexistence. However, conflict still occurs, especially in autumn when hyperphagia and peak crop availability attract bears to abundant rural food resources. To improve conflict mitigation practices, we recommend targeting seasonal rural attractants with pre-emptive fruit picking, bear-proof compost containment, and other forms of behavioural deterrence. By combining camera-trap monitoring of a large carnivore along an anthropogenic gradient with conflict mapping, we provide a framework for evidence-based improvements in human-wildlife coexistence.
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Serenari, Christopher. "Beyond Tolerance: Mitigating Human–Wildlife Conflict with Hospitality." Animals 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2024): 1185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14081185.

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Tolerance has become a central position in wildlife conservation thought, and a goal in and of itself. Appeals to tolerance are expected to grow as the planet becomes more crowded, species are lost, and habitat is degraded. The concept has been uncritically adopted in wildlife conservation to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts (HWCs). However, scholars have demonstrated that tolerance is burdened with limitations, paradoxes, and shortcomings. Thus, blind adherence to it is not expected to produce a coexistence design necessary to sustain wildlife populations in the long term. This paper is a conceptual scoping project that engages a summary and critique of tolerance as a design principle within wildlife conservation governance. After introducing a resultant theory of dysfunctional human–wildlife coexistence, a pathway toward hospitality as a social institution is outlined via several commitments societies can make to transition to an era of normalizing a process of sincere welcoming, care, and support. The transition from tolerance to hospitality will entail shifting responsibility to humans to modify their behavior to help keep wildlife invisible where it is essential, learning about what wildlife want and need, and ensuring wildlife is not injured for being themselves.
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Hockings, Kimberley Jane. "Living at the interface." Interaction Studies 10, no. 2 (July 23, 2009): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.10.2.05hoc.

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Human–wildlife interactions have existed for thousands of years, however as human populations increase and human impact on natural ecosystems becomes more intensive, both parties are increasingly being forced to compete for resources vital to both. Humans can value wildlife in many contexts promoting coexistence, while in other situations, such as crop-raiding, wildlife conflicts with the interests of people. As our closest phylogenetic relatives, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in particular occupy a special importance in terms of their complex social and cultural relationship with humans. A case study is presented that focuses on the Bossou chimpanzees’ (Pan troglodytes verus) perspective of their habitat in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, by highlighting the risks and opportunities presented by a human-dominated landscape, and detailing their day-to-day coexistence with humans. Understanding how rural people perceive chimpanzees and how chimpanzees adapt to living in anthropogenic environments will enhance our understanding of how people-wildlife interactions develop into situations of conflict and therefore can generate sustainable solutions to prevent or mitigate situations of conflict.
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Kamande, Samuel Ngotho, Dr Emily Okuto, and Colonel (Dr) John Kisilu Reuben. "Human-Wildlife Conflict Management: Towards a Comprehensive Strategies for Sustainable Coexistence in Conservancies in Laikipia County." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. IX (2023): 1011–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.70988.

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The article explores the rampant issue of human-wildlife conflicts (HWC) in conservancies, primarily focusing on Laikipia County, Kenya. In response to the escalating global challenge of HWC, privately run conservancies have emerged as a proactive approach to safeguarding natural ecosystems while promoting responsible resource utilization. These conservancies also aim to reshape societal perceptions and behaviors regarding wildlife. However, the conservancies in Laikipia County currently face a significant HWC crisis due to the encroachment of human activities into wildlife habitats. This encroachment has led to adverse consequences for biodiversity conservation and local livelihoods. The insufficiency of existing control measures necessitates the development of comprehensive strategies that can effectively reduce conflicts, protect the interests of both human and wildlife populations, and ensure the long-term viability of conservancies. The study employs the socio-ecological systems (SES) theory as its foundational framework. Research within Laikipia County involves diverse participants, including conservancy staff, community leaders, and representatives from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) engaged in community outreach. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, utilizing questionnaires and interviews to collect primary and secondary data. Quantitative data is analyzed using SPSS version 21, while qualitative analysis uncovers underlying patterns and themes in the dataset. The study’s findings emphasize the pivotal role of community engagement and strategic land use planning in mitigating human-wildlife conflicts. The data highlights that private conservancies actively organize community training programs to raise awareness about the significance of wildlife conservation. Moreover, a shift in land use, explicitly transitioning from livestock rearing to cropland cultivation, emerges as a viable strategy for reducing conflict incidents in Laikipia County. The SES theory underscores the importance of understanding both social and ecological factors for coexistence. Social acceptability influences attitudes towards wildlife, impacting conflict dynamics and conservation efforts. Striking a balance between environmental diversity and social acceptability is crucial for effective conflict resolution. The study’s results reveal how conservancies’ impact on local lifestyles can influence attitudes and values, potentially leading to conflicts between humans and wildlife.
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Fletcher, Robert, and Svetoslava Toncheva. "The political economy of human-wildlife conflict and coexistence." Biological Conservation 260 (August 2021): 109216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109216.

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Treves, Adrian, and Francisco J. Santiago‐Ávila. "Myths and assumptions about human‐wildlife conflict and coexistence." Conservation Biology 34, no. 4 (May 14, 2020): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13472.

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Zimmermann, Alexandra. "First global summit on human–wildlife conflict and coexistence." Oryx 57, no. 4 (July 2023): 417–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605323000431.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human-Wildlife conflict and coexistence"

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van, Eeden Lily Mahailah. "Learning to live with dingoes: improving wildlife management by understanding social constraints on coexistence with carnivores." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21918.

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Conflict between humans and wildlife impacts both biodiversity and humans. I explored Australian dingo management to understand how humans shape wildlife management outcomes. There is little evidence available to inform dingo management decisions, so I explored social and historical dimensions to understand contemporary practices, how they came to be, and how they might change. I focused on livestock producers and the Australian public. The main goal of dingo management is to protect livestock, so I explored graziers’ historic and contemporary interactions with and attitudes towards dingoes. I analysed the results of a nation-wide survey conducted in the 1950s and recreated aspects of this study in a newer survey to explore changes over time. Doing so revealed that management practices have not changed greatly in the past six decades, remaining focussed on lethal control, and that current behaviours are primarily predicted by social factors. I then explored public awareness of and attitudes towards management of dingoes and other species deemed pests in a nation-wide survey. There was little public support for current lethal control, but some support for nonlethal management and for maintaining dingoes in the landscape to perform a role as top predator. Australians justified lethal control of wild animals based on whether they considered a species to be native or non-native and/or a pest. The dingo has been portrayed as both native and non-native, agricultural pest and conservation hero, meaning public awareness and attitudes have likely been influenced by framing by different stakeholders. I suggest that limited public awareness has resulted in little scrutiny of contemporary practices. Based on these findings, I develop a Theory of Change using behaviour change theory to promote evidence-based policy and management. My framework promotes appropriate monitoring and evaluation, raising public awareness, and marketing tailored to suit rural social norms and cultures.
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Usman, Muhammad Faizan. "Confronting complex challenges of human-wildlife coexistence in the Kavango-Zambezi transfrontier conservation area." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024AGPT0005.

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La thèse étudie la dynamique des interactions homme-faune, en se concentrant sur la relation entre les peuples indigènes Tonga et la faune dans le district de Binga au Zimbabwe. La recherche vise à développer et à mettre en œuvre des stratégies intégrées de conservation et de développement qui favorisent une coexistence humain-faune efficace. Les communautés vivant à proximité des habitats de la faune doivent souvent faire face aux effets négatifs de la faune tels que le pillage des cultures et la prédation du bétail sur une base régulière, ce qui conduit à une confrontation entre les moyens de subsistance locaux et la conservation de la faune. Cette thèse utilise le Wildlife Tolerance Model (WTM) pour explorer les interactions homme-faune, en examinant les facteurs qui influencent la tolérance communautaire envers la faune et les déterminants de ces interactions basés sur des coûts et des bénéfices tangibles et intangibles.Le travail est divisé en trois parties principales. La première partie explore l'application du WTM dans le contexte des peuples Tonga résidant dans la partie zimbabwéenne de la zone de conservation transfrontalière Kavango-Zambèze. Elle identifie également les principales espèces de faune à l'origine de conflits et examine comment les coûts et bénéfices tangibles et intangibles influencent la tolérance des peuples indigènes Tonga locaux envers ces espèces. La deuxième partie présente une étude de cas sur les interactions homme-éléphant dans la zone du projet. Elle évalue comment la proximité avec des caractéristiques environnementales et anthropiques propices aux conflits telles que les forêts, les zones protégées et les points d'eau influence les interactions homme-éléphant et les perceptions communautaires envers les éléphants. La troisième partie évalue les impacts de certaines interventions du Programme de Gestion Durable de la Faune (Sustainable Wildlife Management) en utilisant l'approche Before-After-Control-Impact intégrée avec le WTM. Elle fournit également un cadre à la pointe de la technologie pour l'évaluation des impacts des projets de conservation, mettant en évidence les changements dans les perceptions communautaires et la tolérance envers la faune après l'intervention.Les principales découvertes indiquent que, bien que les coûts tangibles comme la prédation du bétail et le pillage des cultures soient importants, les facteurs intangibles tels que les perceptions et attitudes communautaires envers la faune sont plus cruciaux pour les interactions homme-faune. Les interventions centrées sur la communauté, bien planifiées, ont mené à des résultats positifs marquants, augmentant les émotions positives et la tolérance envers la faune. Malgré des défis liés aux interactions complexes et culturelles, l'efficacité de ces interventions a été validée par des résultats globalement positifs.La thèse contribue au domaine en fournissant une compréhension complète des complexités impliquées dans la coexistence homme-faune et en offrant des recommandations fondées sur des preuves pour des stratégies de conservation qui peuvent être adaptées à des contextes socio-écologiques spécifiques. Cette recherche souligne l'importance d'intégrer la psychologie de la conservation et les approches communautaires pour aborder les défis des conflits homme-faune, en plaidant pour une approche multidimensionnelle qui prend en compte à la fois les dimensions écologiques et sociales de la gestion de la faune.Enfin, les résultats de cette recherche devraient informer la politique et la pratique en matière de gestion de la faune, en particulier dans les régions où les moyens de subsistance humains sont étroitement liés aux écosystèmes naturels. La thèse non seulement avance notre compréhension des relations homme-faune mais propose également un cadre pour une coexistence durable qui peut être appliqué dans des scénarios de conservation similaires à l'échelle mondiale
The thesis investigates the dynamics of human-wildlife interactions, focusing on the relationship between the Tonga indigenous people and wildlife in the Binga district of Zimbabwe. The research aims to develop and implement integrated conservation and development strategies that promote effective human-wildlife coexistence. Communities that live close to wildlife habitats often have to deal with the negative effects of wildlife such as crop raiding and livestock predation on a routine basis, which leads to a confrontation between local livelihoods and the conservation of wildlife. This thesis uses the Wildlife Tolerance Model (WTM) to explore human-wildlife interactions, examining factors that influence community tolerance towards wildlife and the determinants of these interactions based on tangible and intangible costs and benefits.The work is divided into three main parts. The first part explores the application of the WTM in the context of the Tonga people residing within the Zimbabwean part of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. It also identifies the major conflict-causing wildlife species and examines how tangible and intangible costs and benefits influence the tolerance of the local Tonga indigenous people toward these species. The second part presents a case study on human-elephant interactions within the project area. It assesses how proximity to conflict-prone environmental and manmade features such as forests, protected areas, and water points influence human-elephant interactions and community perceptions towards elephants. The third part evaluates the impacts of some of the Sustainable Wildlife Management (SWM) Programme interventions using the Before-After-Control-Impact approach integrated with the WTM. It also provides a state-of-the-art framework for impact evaluation of conservation projects, highlighting the changes in community perceptions and tolerance toward wildlife post-intervention.Key findings reveal that while tangible costs such as livestock predation and crop raiding are significant, intangible factors like community perceptions and attitudes towards wildlife play a more crucial role in shaping human-wildlife interactions. Moreover, we highlight how well-planned interventions that keep the community at the center can yield significantly positive results and promote human-wildlife coexistence. The research shows how these interventions led to an increase in positive emotions toward wildlife, perceived intangible benefits from wildlife, and subsequently wildlife tolerance. Despite facing challenges due to complex and culturally influenced human-wildlife interactions, the overall positive outcomes validate the effectiveness of these interventions.The thesis contributes to the field by providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in human-wildlife coexistence and offering evidence-based recommendations for conservation strategies that can be tailored to specific socio-ecological contexts. This research highlights the importance of integrating conservation psychology and community-based approaches to address the challenges of human-wildlife conflicts, advocating for a multidimensional approach that considers both the ecological and social dimensions of wildlife management.Lastly, the findings from this research are expected to inform policy and practice in wildlife management, particularly in regions where human livelihoods are closely tied to natural ecosystems. The thesis not only advances our understanding of human-wildlife relations but also proposes a framework for sustainable coexistence that can be applied in similar conservation scenarios globally
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Castaldo-Walsh, Cynthia. "Human-Wildlife Conflict and Coexistence in a More-than-Human World: A Multiple Case Study Exploring the Human-Elephant-Conservation Nexus in Namibia and Sri Lanka." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/134.

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This qualitative multiple case study explored human-elephant conflict-coexistence relationships and issues of conservation in Namibia (Damaraland) and Sri Lanka (Wasgamuwa) from a posthumanist, multispecies perspective. Within each region, conflict between humans and elephants is considered high, elephants are considered endangered and are of high conservation priority, the human population has grown significantly, and community-based organizations are implementing holistic approaches to increase positive relations between humans and elephants. This study was guided by research questions that explored the current landscape of the human-elephant-conservation nexus within each region, the shared histories between humans and elephants over time, and the value in utilizing more-than-human theoretical and methodological frameworks to enhance human-elephant relationships and support conservation efforts. Data collection methods included participant observation, naturalistic observation, interviews, visual data, and documents. Data was triangulated and analyzed within each case, as well as across cases. Major themes were identified within each case that describe unique contexts, cultures, and shared histories. These findings were then analyzed comparatively. Emergent themes across cases identified ways that a more-than-human framework may be useful in fostering coexistence between humans and elephants and supporting conservation efforts. This study contributes to the evolving scholarship on multispecies approaches to inquiry and methodology from the position of conflict resolution scholar, supports a more inclusive framework for analyzing human-wildlife conflicts, discusses theoretical and methodological implications in multispecies research, and provides recommendations for future research.
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Boast, Lorraine Kara. "Exploring the causes of and mitigation options for human-predator conflict on game ranches in Botswana: How is coexistence possible?" Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12722.

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Large carnivores in southern Africa are threatened by habitat loss and persecution by humans. Game ranches have the potential to provide habitat for free-ranging predators, but carnivore depredation on game-stock can result in human-predator conflict, and the industry's role in predator conservation has been described as a gap in knowledge. The density of predators on Botswana commercial farmland was calculated using spoor and camera-trap surveys. Scat-analysis was used to determine the proportion of livestock and game-stock in the cheetah's diet, the species reported to cause the biggest economic losses on Botswana game ranches. Questionnaires to determine the direct costs, drivers and potential mitigation methods of human-predator conflict, were conducted with a representative from 86.2% of registered game ranches in Botswana, plus an additional 27 livestock farmers. The effectiveness of translocating 'problem' predators was analysed using questionnaires with farmers and survival data from 11 GPS-collared 'problem' cheetahs.
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Cotterill, Alayne. "Behavioural adjustments of lion (Panthera leo) in response to risk of human-caused mortality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:168dba11-be33-4d09-9c68-8c204c126098.

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Fear of predation can have a major impact on the behaviour of prey species. Despite recent codifying of the concept of the ecology of fear, there has been relatively little focus on how these ideas apply to large carnivore species which, although not prey sensu stricto, may experience fear as a result of threats from humans. This thesis argues that large mammalian carnivores are subject to a Landscape of Fear similar to that described for prey species, and will respond behaviourally to fear of human-caused mortality. The idea of a "Landscape of Coexistence" is introduced to denote the perceived risk from humans and associated behavioural responses that can be overlain on spatio-temporally heterogeneous landscapes. Literature on the ecology of fear for large mammalian carnivores and, as there is a dearth of such literature, the current theory on the ecology of fear for other guilds is reviewed, and how this might inform large carnivore behaviour in a Landscape of Coexistence is explored. Behavioural effects of human-caused mortality risk are revealed for lions living in a human dominated landscape (Laikipia County, Kenya), specifically how lions adjust their movement patterns, habitat use and foraging tactics when in proximity to humans. It is argued that these behavioural adjustments represent a trade-off between maximising fitness enhancing activities and minimising the risk of human-caused mortality, thus need to be taken into consideration along with the lethal effects of humans when explaining the density, distribution and behaviour of lions throughout much of their remaining range. Although fear is generic, 'human-caused mortality risk' represents a distinct and very important sub-set of the ecology of fear for the carnivore guild. The existence of a Landscape of Coexistence has implications for understanding their foraging ecology, and ultimately their population dynamics and role in the ecosystem, and is therefore, important for the conservation of large carnivores throughout large parts of their remaining ranges.
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Soares, Nuno Miguel Negrões. "Human - wildlife coexistence in the Amazon agricultural frontier." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/965.

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Doutoramento em Biologia
Nos últimos anos, a conservação da biodiversidade tem-se revelado como um dos maiores desafios que a humanidade enfrenta, no sentido de salvaguardar o frágil equilíbrio dos ecossistemas no nosso planeta. A procura de medidas de preservação revela-se essencial em zonas de elevada riqueza natural, como são o caso das florestas tropicais da Amazónia, que vêm, sistematicamente, a sofrer um aumento da pressão humana, quer pela expansão da agricultura e pecuária, quer pela crescente exploração dos seus recursos naturais. Neste cenário, as áreas protegidas surgem como um instrumento fundamental para preservação da biodiversidade face à crescente antropização. Aos grandes predadores é reconhecida a importância na manutenção dos ecossistemas pelo papel-chave que ocupam nas cadeias tróficas. O impacto a larga escala, consequente da extinção/redução de grandes carnívoros, acaba por afectar aspectos locais (diversidade) ou mesmo regionais (ciclo da água). Por este motivo, o estudo das relações entre os grandes carnívoros e o homem torna-se relevante na definição de políticas de gestão, contribuindo ainda para a avaliação da eficácia de medidas de conservação, como a funcionalidade de áreas protegidas. Com este estudo pretendeu-se avaliar o estado das populações de dois grandes felinos – jaguar (Panthera onca) e puma (Puma concolor) – numa área protegida (Parque Estadual do Cantão - PEC) e numa área privada (Fazenda Santa Fé - FSF), com o objectivo de aferir a eficácia das reservas naturais, na região do “arco do desmatamento”. As densidades de jaguar e puma foram calculadas ao longo de 3 anos nas estações da chuva e seca. Este estudo contribuiu ainda para um aumento do conhecimento sobre a riqueza de espécies nesta região, nomeadamente dentro do PEC e da FSF. Concluímos que a existência do PEC per se não garante a preservação da biodiversidade, uma vez que está fortemente dependente das áreas florestais adjacentes para conservar a riqueza faunística. Simultaneamente, observamos que os grandes carnívoros, quer pelas características biológicas quer pelo conflito directo com o Homem (resultado de predação sobre o gado), podem ser utilizados como espécies-foco. Observamos ainda que a monitorização das populações destes carnívoros fornece informação indispensável para a avaliação do impacto das actividades humanas e para definir acções de gestão para esta região. A preservação da biodiversidade no “arco do desmatamento” passa pela implementação de planos de conservação concretos que incidam, nomeadamente, no aumento da fiscalização da lei ambiental e no aumento da sensibilização das populações locais (crescente apoio técnico-educativo), no sentido de fomentar o desenvolvimento sustentável.
Biodiversity preservation emerged in the last couple of years has one of the main worldwide problems and a great challenge for next generation to come, in order to secure quality of live on planet earth. This fact is of particular importance in the Amazon, a region of high biodiversity that suffers an increase human pressure due to expanding agricultural frontier and exploitation of natural resources. In this region protected areas stand as an essential tool to allow coexistence between man and wildlife. Large predators are key elements in ecosystem functioning because of their important role in food chains. The impact of large-scale extinctions/reduction of large carnivores can reach local (diversity of wildlife) and regional (water cycle) effects. Consequently relationship between man and large carnivores is an important issue on management, furthermore helping in the evaluation of conservation measures like protected areas. In this research we focus on determining the status of large cats (jaguar and puma) population inside a protected area (Cantão State Park, CS - Park) and private forest reserve (Santa Fé Ranch, SF - Ranch) in order to evaluate protected area efficiency in the high human impacted region “arc of deforestation”. Using camera-trapping methodology we determine jaguar and puma density in the region throughout three years and different seasons. We also estimate terrestrial vertebrate richness in CS-Park and SF-Ranch. We observed that CS-Park per se could not guarantee biodiversity preservation at local level and is strongly depended on the securing neighbouring private forest reserves to maintain fauna diversity. We demonstrate also that large carnivores can be used as focal species in management approach in this area. Due to their specific biological demands and the direct interaction with man (consequence of cattle depredation) monitoring carnivore population status creates knowledge baseline from were we can evaluate human impact and launch specific conservation actions in the region. To achieve ultimate preservation goals we suggest intensification on environmental law enforcement and raise technical and educational support to local population towards a more sustainable development.
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Holzer, Katie Ann. "Amphibian-Human Coexistence in Urban Areas." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3646306.

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Pristine landscapes are decreasing throughout the world, and many of Earth's species can no longer survive exclusively in the remaining small and isolated reserves. At the same time, urban landscapes are increasing, and can serve as potential habitat for many wildlife species. Amphibians are facing striking global declines and are particularly impacted by urban development as they often reside in areas attractive for human settlements such as flat, productive lowland areas with abundant fresh water. My dissertation aims to increase understanding of amphibian use of these landscapes and how management and planning can adapt to benefit their persistence. I conducted observational studies of amphibians and associated habitat features in two very difference landscapes and constructed experimental ponds to examine relationships between a native frog, a common pollutant, and common urban wetland plants. One observational study was in Portland, Oregon where formerly abundant wetlands have been destroyed and altered while many have also been restored or created. The other was throughout the relatively understudied urban and agricultural centers of Vietnam where biodiversity and human population growth are high. In both Portland and Vietnam I found that most regionally occurring native amphibians were breeding within city landscapes and in human-constructed water bodies. A common pollutant, nitrate, was strongly negatively associated with amphibians in Portland. In a mesocosm experiment I found that correlated contaminants are likely driving the pattern. In both Portland and Vietnam, presence of aquatic vegetation and amount of surrounding upland habitat were highly influential for native amphibians. Aquatic vegetation can take many forms, and in urban areas is often dominated by introduced species. I conducted experimental ponds studies to examine the relationship between a native frog and common native and introduced aquatic plant species. I found that the frog preferred and performed better in introduced reed canary grass than any other plants offered. This demonstrates that introduced plants are not universally detrimental to native wildlife species, and that management of these plants should consider the potential negative effects of control actions, especially in urban areas where restoration to a former pristine state is unlikely. Urban areas do not have to be devoid of diverse native amphibian communities, and instead should be viewed as potential habitat for conservation and environmental education. Amphibian use of human-constructed ponds, potted ornamental plants, and introduced reed canary grass demonstrates the adaptability of many species and the need for an integrated view of conservation that includes non-pristine areas. Using the information from this dissertation, city planners and managers can maintain and improve human-dominated landscapes to benefit native amphibians and promote their continued coexistence with humans in these areas.

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Gastineau, Adrienne. "Patrons spatiaux et processus écologiques de déprédation par les grands carnivores : le cas de l’ours brun et des troupeaux domestiques en Europe de l’Ouest." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS111.

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Les conflits entre l'homme et la faune sauvage constituent une menace pour les espèces en voie de disparition, ce qui met en péril sa conservation à l’échelle mondiale. En particulier, préserver les grands carnivores pose le défi de la coexistence avec les humains. En Europe, le chevauchement entre activités humaines et habitats naturels est inévitable. Ce chevauchement induit des interactions parfois négatives avec les grands carnivores. La prédation sur les troupeaux domestiques, ou déprédation, est l'un des principaux facteurs limitant leur acceptation. La déprédation est un conflit très répandu à l'échelle mondiale et semble particulièrement intense dans les zones de recolonisation. Afin de réduire les dommages causés aux troupeaux, il est nécessaire de comprendre comment la déprédation varie dans l'espace et dans le temps. La conservation des populations d'Ours brun (Ursus arctos) dans les Pyrénées et dans les Alpes italiennes, populations renforcées par la translocation d’individus Slovènes, offrent des cas d'études pertinents pour illustrer cette problématique. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressée dans un premier temps à l'agrégation spatiale des événements de déprédation dans les Pyrénées Centrales françaises à l’aide d’un test du Getis- Ord de dépendance spatiale. Cette analyse a mis en évidence la présence de points chauds significatifs de déprédation de l'ours brun (ou foyers d’attaque) ainsi que l'absence de zones froides. Les points chauds de déprédation sont autocorrélés dans le temps, ce qui signifie qu'un point chaud d'une année est susceptible d'exister au cours des années suivantes. A une échelle plus fine, cette analyse a permis d’identifier des points chauds inter- et intra-estives et une méthode simple pour redimensionner ces résultats à plus large échelle est proposée. Les phénomènes de déprédation ont été identifiés comme étant concentrés dans des points chauds et liés à certaines caractéristiques environnementales ("effet site"). L'objectif était d'identifier les principaux facteurs paysagers où les troupeaux domestiques étaient les plus vulnérables à l'ours brun. La transférabilité des résultats développés dans un contexte local spécifique a été évaluée par la comparaison des populations Pyrénéenne et Alpine. Dans les deux populations, nous avons analysé l'activité de l'ours brun, le terrain, l'infrastructure humaine et les variables d'habitat pour la période 2010 - 2017. Les résultats indiquent que l'activité de l'ours brun, la proportion de prairie, la distance par rapport à la forêt et la rugosité du terrain sont fortement associées au risque de déprédation, de façons similaires dans les deux zones d'étude. Au-delà des effets de l’environnement, les comportements individuels des prédateurs sont susceptibles d’influencer les patrons de déprédation. Les choix effectués par les ours au cours de leurs déplacements engendrent des spécificités d’utilisation de leur habitat et des items alimentaires pouvant participer à la création des points chauds de déprédation. Ainsi, les caractéristiques des mouvements des individus peuvent être motivés par différentes activités comme la recherche de nourriture ou d’un partenaire pour la reproduction. Enfin, éviter et réduire les dégâts liés aux grands carnivores peut participer à l’amélioration de leur statut de conservation par la biais de l’amélioration de leur tolérance par les humains. Un panorama des situations de conflit entre les humains et les carnivores à l’échelle mondiale a été dressé afin d’évaluer l'efficacité de trois catégories de réponses aux conflits (non létales, translocations et létales)
Conflicts between humans and wildlife pose a threat to endangered species, which threatens their conservation worldwide. In particular, preserving large carnivores challenges the coexistence with humans. In Europe, the overlap between human activities and natural habitats is mandatory. This overlap leads sometimes to negative interactions with large carnivores. Predation on domestic herds, or depredation, is one of the main factors limiting their acceptance. Depredation is a widespread global conflict and seems particularly intense in recolonization areas. In order to reduce damage to herds, it is necessary to understand how depredation varies over space and time. The conservation of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in the Pyrenees and the Italian Alps, populations reinforced by the translocation of Slovenian individuals, offer relevant case studies to illustrate this issue. In this thesis, I first focused on the spatial aggregation of depredation events in the French Central Pyrenees using a Getis-Ord test of spatial dependence. This analysis revealed the presence of significant brown bear depredation hotspots and the absence of cold areas. Depredation hotspots are self-correlated over time, which means that a hot spot in one year is likely to exist in subsequent years. At a finer scale, this analysis allowed the identification of inter- and intra-pasture hotspots and a simple method to rescale these results at a larger scale is proposed. Depredation has been identified as being concentrated in hotspots and linked to certain environmental characteristics ("site effect"). The objective was to identify the main landscape factors where domestic herds were most vulnerable to brown bears. The transferability of the results developed in a specific local context was assessed by comparing the Pyrenean and Alpine populations. In both populations, we analyzed brown bear activity, terrain, human infrastructure and habitat variables for the period 2010 - 2017. The results indicated that brown bear activity, grassland proportion, distance from the forest and terrain roughness are strongly associated with the risk of depredation, in similar ways in both study areas. Beyond the effects of the environment, the individual behavior of predators are likely to influence the visible patterns of depredation. The choices made by bears during their movements generate specific habitat use and selection of food items that can contribute to the creation of depredation hotspots. Thus, the characteristics of individuals' movements may be motivated by different activities such as searching for food or a breeding partner. Finally, avoiding and reducing damage from large carnivores can help to improve their conservation status by improving their tolerance by humans. A global overview of human-carnivore conflict situations has been developed to assess the effectiveness of three categories of conflict responses (non-lethal, translocations and lethal). The conclusions of this analysis are as follows: (1) conflict with carnivores is widespread and the main problems are space sharing, predation on livestock and attacks on humans; (2) non-lethal techniques have been assessed as the most effective in reducing conflicts while preserving carnivore populations; (3) conflict management documentation is often imprecise and difficult to compare between studies or situations. The proactive use of non-lethal techniques is therefore recommended to promote coexistence between humans and large carnivores. The tools developed make it possible to mitigate the impacts of conflicts and thus reinforce positive attitudes towards large carnivorous species
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Grelock-Yusem, Susan Michelle. "Wolf Lost & Found| Reframing Human-Wildlife Coexistence with the Arts." Thesis, Pacifica Graduate Institute, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13806376.

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This qualitative research was motivated by the desire to understand how conservation work can engage our psychic connection to the more-than-human. The work used grounded theory and phenomenological methodologies; data was gathered with interviews and arts-based inquiry and analyzed through the lenses of depth psychologically oriented ecopsychology and community psychology. Participants included artists, storytellers, and biologists who have created work about wolves and live in the southern portion of the Yellowstone to Yukon corridor in North America. The research specifically explored what calls artists to create work about wolves, and how their work expresses a sense of interconnection with wolves. The findings suggested that when an artist has a strong sensitivity to the more-than-human, their art-making gives them a channel to express this and supports the development of their individual identity. Additionally, four key themes arose in the dialogues with the artists: embracing a sense of community, providing context, connecting with place, and playing with the Western cultural boundary between humans and other animals. Conservation projects could benefit from these findings by consciously embracing these same ideas in their work using what this research defines as Critical Conservation Communication.” While it is impossible to prove that art directly contributes to conservation goals, this work proposes that art can remind us of our connection to other animals and the life beyond human-constructed reality. This imaginal reconstruction of an ecological orientation can be an ally to conservation goals in Western culture.

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Gibrand, Sara. "Human-Lion Territory : Negotiating Territorial Borders." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148587.

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This thesis explores the interaction between natural and urban life through mutual recognition, viewing the clash of territorial borders as dynamic conditions rather than exclusion zones. Gir area in India has been investigated as a unique case where humans and lions for centuries have lived together and established a mutual respect. Rasulpara village is used as a local situation to analyze the relationship between humans and animals with the intention to understand how such relationship can be maintained. It has led to the recognition of the in-between as intermediate zones mediating exchange between the two systems. With humans relating to settled form as territorial constrains, the language of architecture becomes a messenger of a respect playing with a time-based system; mediating the balance between safe and unsafe. Learning from the existing relationship of mutual understanding aims to extract lessons for how to intervene in the context and other mediation areas between human and wild. Exploring these attributes through design has shown that built form can act as solid borders to classify and preclude, but also to invite cohabitation by respecting means of existence. Territorial conflicts can then be dealt with more sensitively, thus obtaining the equilibrium within a changing world anchored in traditional knowledge.
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Books on the topic "Human-Wildlife conflict and coexistence"

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Rosie, Woodroffe, Thirgood S. J, and Rabinowitz Alan 1953-, eds. People and wildlife: Conflict or coexistence? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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Nina, Fascione, Delach Aimee, Smith Martin E. 1955-, and Defenders of Wildlife, eds. People and predators: From conflict to coexistence. Washington: Island Press, 2004.

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Mahesh, Rangarajan, and Kothari Ashish 1961-, eds. People, parks, and wildlife: Towards coexistence. New Delhi: Orient Longman, 2001.

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Kiffner, Christian, Monica L. Bond, and Derek E. Lee, eds. Tarangire: Human-Wildlife Coexistence in a Fragmented Ecosystem. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93604-4.

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Khalifa, Riadh Ben. Coexistence in Libya and in other geographical areas: The proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Tunisian National Archives and White House Hotel, Tunisia, May 5 and 6, 2016. [Tunis]: University of Tunis, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2017.

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Mulonga, Samson. The conflict continues: Human wildlife conflict and livelihoods in Caprivi. Windhoek, Namibia: Wildlife Integration for Livelihood Diversification (WILD) Project, Directorate of Environmental Affairs, Ministry of Environment and Tourism, 2003.

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Sharma, Diwakar. Human wildfile conflict in Central Gujarat. Vadodara: Gujarat Ecology Society, 2005.

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Hill, C. M. Human-wildlife conflict: Identifying the problem and possible solutions. Bronx: Wildlife Conservation Society, 2002.

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Nyaga, Wilfred A. Human-wildlife conflict in and around Masai Mara National Reserve. Nairobi: Dept. of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing, Ministry of Environment and Mineral Resources, 2010.

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Douglas, Leo Ricardo. Social and Ecological Underpinnings of Human Wildlife Conflict on Dominica. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human-Wildlife conflict and coexistence"

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Danieli, David. "Conflict Areas—An Israeli Perspective." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 77–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29708-3_10.

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AbstractThe unfolding war and human tragedy in Ukraine cause many among us to reflect on human nature and the nature of war, and why is it that the community of nations is unable to resolve its conflicts in accordance with the principles enshrined in the United Nations Charter that laid the promise and hope of peaceful coexistence among nations, against the backdrop of terrible past experiences.
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Hadjipavlou, Maria. "Building a Human Infrastructure across Conflict Lines for Reconciliation and Coexistence." In Shifting Protracted Conflict Systems Through Local Interactions, 150–75. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003340522-10.

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Saravanan, Velayutham. "Conflict between Human, Cattle and Wildlife." In Colonialism and Wildlife, 77–107. London: Routledge India, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003427452-3.

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MacGowan, Brian J. "Human-Wildlife Conflict and Interaction." In The Routledge International Handbook of Human-Animal Interactions and Anthrozoology, 467–76. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032153346-32.

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Kissui, Bernard M., Elvis L. Kisimir, Laly L. Lichtenfeld, Elizabeth M. Naro, Robert A. Montgomery, and Christian Kiffner. "Human-Carnivore Coexistence in the Tarangire Ecosystem." In Tarangire: Human-Wildlife Coexistence in a Fragmented Ecosystem, 295–317. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93604-4_14.

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Dickman, Amy J., and Leela Hazzah. "Money, Myths and Man-Eaters: Complexities of Human–Wildlife Conflict." In Problematic Wildlife, 339–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22246-2_16.

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Kiffner, Christian, Monica L. Bond, and Derek E. Lee. "Human-Wildlife Interactions in the Tarangire Ecosystem." In Tarangire: Human-Wildlife Coexistence in a Fragmented Ecosystem, 3–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93604-4_1.

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Copeland, Kellen. "Commodifying Biodiversity: Socioeconomic Approaches to Wildlife Human Coexistence." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71067-9_102-1.

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Bond, Monica L., Derek E. Lee, and Christian Kiffner. "Towards Human-Wildlife Coexistence in the Tarangire Ecosystem." In Tarangire: Human-Wildlife Coexistence in a Fragmented Ecosystem, 367–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93604-4_17.

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Copeland, Kellen. "Commodifying Biodiversity: Socioeconomic Approaches to Wildlife Human Coexistence." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 196–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95963-4_102.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human-Wildlife conflict and coexistence"

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Nicolae, Raluca Ioana, Victor Gabriel Stefanescu, and Stefan Catalin Popescu. "DISPELLING MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ANIMALS AND HUMAN-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS IN ROMANIA." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/6.2/s29.90.

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The article delves into the prevalent misconceptions surrounding animals and their interactions with humans in Romania, with the primary goal of fostering a more accurate understanding and dispelling commonly held myths. A widespread misconception among many individuals is the erroneous belief that all animals inherently pose harm or threats when encountering humans. Our aim is to illuminate the reality that animals exhibit diverse behaviors and intentions, and in most cases, they prefer to avoid confrontations with humans. Within the article, alongside expert insights and scientific viewpoints, readers will find practical advice on coexisting safely with wildlife. This advice encompasses general precautions and behaviors that individuals can adopt to reduce the likelihood of conflicts or accidents in encounters with animals. Furthermore, the article equips readers with essential techniques and strategies for peacefully coexisting with potentially unpredictable animals. These practical tips guide individuals on the appropriate actions to minimize risks when interacting with animals in various settings. In conclusion, this paper presents a valuable initiative directed at enhancing awareness, dispelling unfounded fears, and nurturing a deeper appreciation for the animal kingdom in Romania. Through education and heightened awareness, readers gain valuable knowledge on achieving harmonious coexistence with wildlife while minimizing potential risks. This comprehensive approach plays a pivotal role in rectifying misconceptions and contributes to the development of a society that respects and values its natural environment.
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Leonid, T. Thomas, Harish Kanna, Claudia Christy V J, Hamritha A S, and Chebolu Lokesh. "Human Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Using YOLO Algorithm." In 2023 Eighth International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (ICONSTEM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconstem56934.2023.10142629.

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Karthiyayini, J., Muhammed Shareef, M. Mohamed Khalid, Rohan Nagarkatte, and Lokesh Prasad. "Strategies and Technologies for Alleviating Human Wildlife Conflict: A Technical Analysis and Comparative Study." In 2024 Ninth International Conference on Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (ICONSTEM). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconstem60960.2024.10568876.

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Grinko, Margarita, Tanja Aal, Konstantin Aal, Helmut Hauptmeier, and Volker Wulf. "Lions out of Bounds? Reflections on Digital Technology and Matristic Design to address Human-Wildlife Conflict." In AfriCHI 2023: 4th African Human Computer Interaction Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3628096.3628742.

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Ceausu, Silvia, Rose A. Graves, Alexander K. Killion, Jens-Christian Svenning, and Neil Carter. "Towards sustainable human-wildlife coexistence: a social-ecological systems framework for ecosystem disservices and services (SEEDS)." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108199.

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Surya, T., and S. Chitra Selvi. "A literature review on analysis of cause and impact of human wildlife conflict and the preceding techniques implemented to avoid conflict." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Smart Technologies and Management for Computing, Communication, Controls, Energy and Materials (ICSTM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icstm.2017.8089203.

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fatah aruzary, nasih. ""Religious pluralism In Islamic Thought "." In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/44.

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"Summary Religious pluralism in its Western sense is an emergency solution by Western intellectuals to the lack of principles of religious and sectarian coexistence from the perspective of their religions. However, the term religious pluralism according to the Western perspective, which believes in the relativity of truth; He claims that all religions have some truth; Makes existing religions mere human opinions; It cuts off its connection from the absolute right, but removes the dress of divine revelation from it! Islam is a religion that believes in diversity and religious pluralism, by a special definition. so that religions are accepted as they are; And its texts show how to deal properly with all the people of religions Between both rights and duties, they provide both the rights and duties of the people of religions, so that the result is for the people of religions, so that the result Peaceful coexistence in reality, as well as convergence and harmony among all segments of society. This recognition of diversity through Islamic thought has made pluralism a real source of peaceful coexistence, rather than religious conflicts and sectarian intolerances. It has also made it a way of real creativity and production. "
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Thomessen, Trygve. "How to manage the safety of service robots operating in coexistence with demented patients." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004706.

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The developing elderly wave is expected to give a considerable demand for robotic solutions in the elderly care, especially in the nursing homes, to compensate for the lack of human resources required to maintain the quality of the elderly care services. Thus, social service robots are expected to fill an important role in the future, by providing services like logistics, remote medical consultations, entertainment, physical training etc. However, new challenges appear when introducing service robots in an environment where residents with impaired cognitive skills, coexist with service robots. This, especially, since the patients cannot take care of themselves, and are formally NOT responsible for any unfortunate safety conflicts. Thus, compared to operating in e.g. a normal restaurant, a service robot in a in a nursing home requires additional attention to the risks mitigation to ensure a safe operation. This includes analysis of both additional physical risks in addition to new, interperceptual risks. This paper addresses the complexity of fulfilling the required safety of service robots operating in nursing homes, and an extended risk mitigation methods is suggested in order to minimize the unavoidable, residual risk.
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Li, Lingxuan, Wenyuan Li, and Dong Wei. "The Potential Issues and Crises of Artificial Intelligence Development." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004662.

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Since the time when humans, leveraging 'intelligence,' could contend with and dominate other species on Earth, they have held a dominant position in the relationship with other life forms. The explosive development of artificial intelligence (AI) has ushered in limitless possibilities for human society. Simultaneously, the potential issues and crises stemming from its development accompany a myriad of advantages. This study employs literature review and in-depth analysis to categorize the potential problems and crises of AI development into three levels: 'small, medium, and large.' These levels respectively denote the negative impacts AI brings to humanity, the conflicts between AI and humans, and the potential scenario of AI replacing and annihilating humanity.Building upon this hierarchical classification, the article proposes that addressing minor issues, mitigating moderate-scale problems, and remaining vigilant about major challenges are imperative throughout the AI development process. It underscores the need for humanity to solve small problems, alleviate medium-scale issues, and be alert to significant problems. This calls for a reevaluation of the relationship between humans and AI, an awareness of the existence of the 'singularity' in AI development, and a heightened emphasis on preventing potential crises resulting from uncontrolled and intervention-free AI development.In the realm of 'small issues,' the article discusses how the development of AI has led to a decline in the independence of human thought. This is manifested in weakened social skills, diminished memory capabilities, and a reduced capacity for independent decision-making. Furthermore, the potential replacement of non-technical occupations by AI may contribute to a widening gap in employment and wealth. Issues related to information privacy and security become prominent, particularly in fields like science, medicine, and business, where the extensive use of AI for the analysis of sensitive user information poses inherent privacy risks. Additionally, concerns regarding the monopolization of data analysis and the presence of biases and discrimination in algorithms are significant challenges within the context of AI development.The 'medium issues' encompass discussions about the relationship between humans and AI, as well as the prospective trajectory of human civilization coexisting with AI. In the future, AI may attain a status comparable to humans. Questions arise about whether AI is inclined to continue aiding in human civilization's development, fostering a harmonious coexistence between humans and AI, or if AI will give rise to an independent AI civilization detached from human influence. These considerations present challenges to the existing power structures and discourse systems predominantly shaped by human influence.In addressing the 'major challenges,' the article emphasizes the potential occurrence of an 'AI singularity,' a point in time when machine intelligence comprehensively surpasses human intelligence. This scenario could result in humans losing their understanding and control over AI, facing the threat of becoming a secondary species or even encountering existential risks. The article introduces the concept of a 'quiet' period preceding the AI surpassing human intelligence. During this phase, the substantial benefits derived from AI development may induce apathy and relaxation regarding the potential threat of AI dominance.In conclusion, this article offers a comprehensive and systematic perspective, analyzing potential issues and crises at different tiers in the development of AI. It provides a structured framework for addressing these challenges and calls for vigilance in recognizing the potential threats posed by AI. The article underscores the importance of active intervention in technological development within the humanities, encouraging public participation in establishing a public discourse system. This engagement aims to cultivate a more robust human-AI civilization aligned with human needs and core values.
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Miguel Marques, Fernando. "“ALImentáRIO” - Holder for the Supplementary Feeding of Wild Birds." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001397.

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This is an animal design project (design thinking to meet the needs of animals) which aims to bring birds into contact with humans and - through this solution - to bring the sound and movement produced by them into our lives (whether in the countryside, whether in the urban landscape), which can be translated into joy and peace achieved by the harmony of natural wildlife in our domestic environment.Starting question Knowing that birds are elusive and fearful animals, but also can bring joy and movement to our daily lives, how can we attract them to our coexistence? Supplementary feeding can be a good solution, and there are already some versions available on the international market, especially in countries where winter is more extreme. In southern Europe, feeding birds is still not a very common practice. Depending on the type of food the birds eat in their natural habitat and, depending on the endogenous birds, there are variations in the diet, and only a test of placing food available to the birds will determine the type of food to be placed in the supplementary feeder.The "AlimentáRIO" (feeder) is a ceramic supplementary feeding stand/holder that can contain various types of food, in order to test if birds can be attracted close to your home.There are several types of bird food: nectar, seeds, worms, fruit, tallow/lard... And, for each of these types of food, there is a specific type of feeder. The "AlimentáRIO" is a versatile feeder intended to cover all types. Nectar is more suitable for birds that can pollinate during late winter and early spring, when insects are less active. For these reasons, nectar should only be placed in feeders as a food supplement in the winter and autumn.In Portugal, there are some birds that drink nectar, according to Luís Pascoal da Silva , a researcher at CIBIO-inBIO. The scientist states that there are several pollinating birds in Portugal, but the study of the contribution of these birds to pollination is scarce. Seeds - besides the traditional canary seed - can contain sunflower seeds or nuts, such as walnuts and peanuts, depending on the endogenous birds. Fruit is also sought after by some species of birds, namely apples and pears, in addition to other exotic fruits. However, in general, birds can be drawn to any type of fruit. Fat balls are usually tallow/lard balls with seeds and fruits to reinforce supplementary feeding during cold seasons. The "AlimentáRIO" is a suspended wild bird feeder that can be hung in more or less sheltered places, made with materials resistant to the elements, without the need for maintenance. However, its cleaning must be done according to the recommendations referred to in the full article. As already mentioned, the construction materials are low maintenance, and the food container and the deflecting bell jar are made with stoneware - the type of ceramics more resistant to both bumps and thermal variations. The junction of the two parts is made with a nickel-plated threaded rod, covered with an aluminium tube, and all components are joined by manual screw threads, which allows to assemble and disassemble it without the use of any tools, thus facilitating an in-depth cleaning at the end of the supplementary feeding season.The "AlimentáRIO" has a lower part with four concavities for placing food, which allows the possible placement of different types of food at the same time, thus drawing different species. As it is a feeder consisting of a protective and deflecting bell jar, the birds are protected from possible direct attacks from predators and from falling leaves in the autumn. The fact that it is a supplementary feeder that can be hung with a rope makes it difficult for rats and squirrels to get close to the food, given that, if by chance these animals manage to descend on the rope, they must also overcome the challenge of getting through the bell jar (which is a spherical cap) to get to the place where the food is. The results of the placement tests of this supplementary feeder have been reassuring, which show that the feeders foster the approximation of wild birds in relatively short periods of time - between 3 weeks and one month.
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Reports on the topic "Human-Wildlife conflict and coexistence"

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Eberle, Caitlyn, Oscar Higuera Roa, Amy Newsom, and Samara Polwatta. Technical Report: Wandering elephants. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/iemf6334.

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From March 2020 to September 2021, a herd of approximately 15 Asian elephants left their home in Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve. Along their journey, the herd broke into homes, damaged buildings and infrastructure, and destroyed crops, totaling estimated damage of over $1 million. The migration coincided with a severe drought in the region, indicating that the elephant’s habitat was likely unable to support them. As elephant populations have grown in southern China, habitat size and suitability has been reduced, increasing the likelihood of human-elephant conflict. As pressures such as climate change and population growth further push people and wildlife into shared spaces, management approaches must be tailored to the concept of coexistence. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the wandering elephants through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Cook, Loraine, Leo Douglas, and Rose-Ann Smith. Human-Wildlife Conflict: Assessing the Complexity of Stakeholder Perspectives. American Museum of Natural History, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0094.

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This collection of case study-based exercises presents a fictional case study of a community facing conflict related to living with carnivores. The activities provide an opportunity for students to explore diverse stakeholder perspectives on living with wildlife, predator conservation, and how interests, values, and needs might vary within a community.
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Banikoi, H., S. Thapa, N. Bhattarai, R. C. Kandel, S. Chaudhary, S. Chaudhary, N. Timalsina, K. Windhorst, M. D. Adhikari, and C. P. Pokheral. Mitigating Human-Wildlife Conflict in Nepal: A Case Study of Fences around Chitwan National Park; ICIMOD Working Paper 2017/14. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.678.

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Banikoi, H., S. Thapa, N. Bhattarai, R. C. Kandel, S. Chaudhary, S. Chaudhary, N. Timalsina, K. Windhorst, M. D. Adhikari, and C. P. Pokheral. Mitigating Human-Wildlife Conflict in Nepal: A Case Study of Fences around Chitwan National Park; ICIMOD Working Paper 2017/14. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.678.

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Shrestha, Tanuja, Mir A. Matin, Vishwas Chitale, and Samuel Thomas. Exploring the potential of deep learning for classifying camera trap data: A case study from Nepal - working paper. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1016.

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Data from camera trap networks provide crucial information on various important aspects of wildlife presence, movement, and behaviour. However, manual processing of large volumes of images captured is time and resource intensive. This study explores three different approaches of deep learning methods to detect and classify images of key animal species collected from the ICIMOD Knowledge Park at Godavari, Nepal. It shows that transfer learning with ImageNet pretrained models (A1) can be used to detect animal species with minimal model training and testing. These methods when scaled up offer tremendous scope for quicker and informed conflict management actions, including automated response, which can help minimise human wildlife conflict management costs across countries in the region.
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Dorr, Brian S., Kristi L. Sullivan, Paul D. Curtis, Richard B. Chipman, and Russell D. McCullough. Double-crested Cormorants. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207735.ws.

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The history of conflict between double-crested cormorants and human interest in fisheries is long and convoluted. Overall, double-crested cormorants are not major consumers of commercial and sportfish species. However, exceptions have been recorded at specific sites with documented impacts on local fisheries. Double-crested cormorants can have a significant impact on vegetation at breeding sites through normal nesting activities. Their guano is acidic and can change soil chemistry, killing ground vegetation and irreversibly damaging nest trees. Humans should avoid direct contact with excrement from wildlife, including droppings from cormorants. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has the primary responsibility and authority for managing migratory bird populations in the U.S. This publication will focus on the double-crested cormorant, which is the most numerous and widely dispersed of the species.
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Innovative Solutions to Human-Wildlife Conflicts: National Wildlife Research Center Accomplishments, 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7206794.aphis.

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The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is a world leader in providing science-based solutions to complex issues of wildlife damage management. As the research arm of Wildlife Services (WS) program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, NWRC work with WS operational staff to provide Federal leadership and expertise to resolve wildlife conflicts related to agriculture, livestock, human health and safety (including wildlife diseases), invasive species, and threatened and endangered species. NWRC is committed to finding nonlethal solutions to reduce wildlife damage to agricultural crops, aquaculture, and natural resources. As part of WS' strategic plan to improve the coexistence of people and wildlife, NWRC has identified four strategic program goals: (1) developing methods, (2) providing wildlife services, (3) valuing and investing in people, and (4) enhancing information and communication. WS is dedicated to helping meet the wildlife damage management needs of the United States by building on NWRC's strengths in these four key areas. This annual research highlights report is structured around these programs goals.
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Planning for human-wildlife coexistence. FAO, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc7364en.

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Building institutional and local community capacity to manage human-wildlife conflict. FAO, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc6101en.

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Navigating cultural narratives to provide meaning to a human-wildlife conflict situation. FAO, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc9812en.

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