Journal articles: 'Human ureaplasmas'

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Biernat-Sudolska, Małgorzata, Katarzyna Talaga-Ćwiertnia, and Paulina Gajda. "Vaginal Secretion Epithelium Count as a Prognostic Indicator of High Abundance of Ureaplasmas in Women with a Normal Nugent Score." Polish Journal of Microbiology 71, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33073/pjm-2022-001.

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Abstract Genital tract ureaplasma infections are associated with numerous complications, ranging from inflammation, through infertility, to problematic pregnancy. In the course of ureaplasma infection, the risk of human papillomavirus infection increases. Diagnostic tests for urea-plasma infections are not always carried out, especially in women with the normal Nugent test results. The study attempts to check whether it is possible to find a prognostic indicator that could suggest a high abundance of ureaplasmas (≥ 104 CFU/ml) at the stage of the initial examination of vaginal discharge. Such a prognostic factor could qualify women for further tests to detect infections with these atypical bacteria. Six hundred twenty-seven white women with a score of 0–3 on the Nugent scale were tested, including 322 patients with a high abundance of ureaplasmas (≥ 104 CFU/ml) and 305 who tested negative for these bacteria. Ureaplasma infections were detected statistically significant in women who had few or no epithelial cells in the genital swab specimens compared to the results obtained for women with numerous or very numerous epithelial cells (p < 0.001). The risk of the high density of ureaplasmas was 38.7% higher with fewer or no epithelial cells than with high numbers. In patients aged 18–40 years with few or no epithelial cells, a high density of ureaplasmas (≥ 104 CFU/ml) was observed significantly more frequently (p = 0.003). Determining the number of epithelial cells in Gram-stained slides may be the prognostic indicator of ureaplasma infection. Testing for genital ureaplasma infection should be considered, especially in women of childbearing age (18–40 years), even if the Nugent test value is normal and pH ≤ 4.6.

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O'leary, William M. "Ureaplasmas and Human Disease." Critical Reviews in Microbiology 17, no. 3 (January 1990): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408419009105723.

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Waites, Ken B., Donna M. Crabb, and Lynn B. Duffy. "Comparative In Vitro Activities of the Investigational Fluoroquinolone DC-159a and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 10 (July 28, 2008): 3776–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00849-08.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities of 151 unique clinical isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma species to DC-159a, an investigational fluoroquinolone, in comparison with those to other agents were determined. Macrolides were the most active agents against M. pneumoniae and M. genitalium, whereas clindamycin was most active against M. hominis. DC-159a MICs were ≤0.5 μg/ml for all Mycoplasma species and ≤4 μg/ml for ureaplasmas. DC-159a was the most active fluoroquinolone tested against M. pneumoniae and M. fermentans, and it was second to moxifloxacin against the other species. It was bactericidal against 10 M. pneumoniae isolates and demonstrated killing of ≥99.9% of the inoculum at 24 h for 2 isolates. The excellent in vitro activity of DC-159a demonstrates its potential for use in the treatment of infections due to mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas.

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Kong, Fanrong, and Gwendolyn L. Gilbert. "Postgenomic taxonomy of human ureaplasmas – a case study based on multiple gene sequences." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 1815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63073-0.

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In 2000, the full genome sequence of Ureaplasma parvum (previously known as Ureaplasma urealyticum) serovar 3 was released. In 2002, after prolonged debate, it was agreed that the former U. urealyticum should be divided into two species – U. parvum and U. urealyticum. To provide additional support for this decision and improve our understanding of the relationship between these two species, the authors studied four ‘core’ genes or gene clusters in ATCC reference strains of all 14 serovars of U. parvum and U. urealyticum. These ‘core’ regions were the rRNA gene clusters, the EF-Tu genes (tuf), urease gene clusters and multiple-banded antigen genes (mba). The known U. parvum genome sequences (GenBank accession no. NC_002162) were used as reference. DNA insertions and deletions (indels) were found in all of the gene regions studied, except tuf, but they were found only between, not within, the two species. An incidental finding was that there was inter-copy heterogeneity for rRNA gene cluster sequences. Sequence analysis (sequence heterogeneity and especially indels) of all four selected targets consistently supported the separation of human ureaplasmas into two species. Except for multiple-banded antigen, there was less heterogeneity in amino acid sequences of proteins, between species, than in the nucleic acid sequences of the corresponding genes. The degrees of heterogeneity at the 5′ end of the species-specific regions of multiple-banded antigen were almost identical for both amino acid and nucleotide sequences. Analysis of the authors' results provided an interesting case study to help resolve some common problems in the use of sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships and support taxonomic changes. It is recommended that, to avoid confusion, the new nomenclature be used for human ureaplasmas in future publications.

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Martinelli, F., E. Garrafa, A. Turano, and A. Caruso. "Increased Frequency of Detection ofUreaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma genitaliumin AIDS Patients without Urethral Symptoms." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 6 (1999): 2042–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.6.2042-2044.1999.

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The roles of Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum in nongonococcal urethritis are not yet well established. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of these microorganisms in the urethral tracts of 187 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected male patients with no clinical signs of urethritis. The results indicate that the prevalence of M. genitalium and U. urealyticum was higher in AIDS patients than in asymptomatic, HIV-1-infected patients and in healthy individuals. The high rate of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas detected in AIDS patients, in the absence of urethritis, argues against major roles in causing disease at the urethral mucosal level for these microorganisms.

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Shirshova, N. Y., E. V. Shipitsyna, А. M. Savicheva, and А. А. Polyanin. "The properties of the microflora of the genital tract in women withendocervicitis." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 53, no. 4 (November 15, 2004): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd88644.

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The characteristics of the genital microflora of 70 non-pregnant women with non-gonococcal endocervicitis and 20 healthy women were characterized. In most cases of endocervicitis, a mixed infection was diagnosed, while chlamydia was most often detected in combination with herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and human papillomavirus (HPV). With monoinfection, ureaplasmas were more often found. In 20% of healthy women, ureaplasmas were detected in cervical samples. It was found that in 83% of cases of endocervicitis, the vaginal microflora is involved in the pathological process, and most often this is manifested by bacterial and candidal vaginitis. The leading etiological role in the development of endocervicitis in non-pregnant women belongs to ureaplasmas, chlamydia, HSV and HPV.

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Waites, Ken B., Donna M. Crabb, and Lynn B. Duffy. "In Vitro Activities of ABT-773 and Other Antimicrobials against Human Mycoplasmas." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 1 (January 2003): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.1.39-42.2003.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities of 103 Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates, 14 Mycoplasma hominis isolates, 12 Mycoplasma fermentans isolates, and 24 Ureaplasma species to ABT-773, an investigational ketolide, and seven other agents were determined. For M. pneumoniae, the ABT-773 MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90; ≤0.001 μg/ml) was comparable to those of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin and at least 128-fold lower than those of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and doxycycline. For M. fermentans, the ABT-773 MIC90 (≤0.008 μg/ml) was 2- to 128-fold lower than those of all other agents tested. For M. hominis, the ABT-773 MIC90 (0.031 μg/ml) was equivalent to that of moxifloxacin, 2-fold lower than those of gatifloxacin and clindamycin, and 16-fold lower than that of levofloxacin. ABT-773 was equally active against doxycycline-susceptible and doxycycline-resistant organisms. The ABT-773 MICs (0.016 μg/ml) for Ureaplasma species were the lowest of those of any drug tested. The MIC90 was 4- to 64-fold lower than those of clarithromycin, azithromycin, and erythromycin and ≥16-fold lower than those of all three fluoroquinolones. Minimal bactericidal concentrations determined for a subgroup of organisms were ≤0.063 μg/ml for M. pneumoniae and 0.25 μg/ml for M. fermentans, but they were several dilutions higher for M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp. ABT-773 has great potential for further study for the treatment of infections due to mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas.

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DEBATA, NK, VIMLA VENKATESH, RN MISRA, YOGESH CHANDER, VC OHRI, and RK SHARMA. "UREAPLASMAS UREALYTICUM AND HUMAN INFERTILITY: EFFECT ON SPERMATOZOA MORPHOLOGY." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 55, no. 3 (July 1999): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30439-2.

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9

Waites, Ken B., Donna M. Crabb, Xue Bing, and Lynn B. Duffy. "In Vitro Susceptibilities to and Bactericidal Activities of Garenoxacin (BMS-284756) and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 1 (January 2003): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.1.161-165.2003.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities to garenoxacin (BMS-284756), an investigational des-fluoroquinolone, and eight other agents were determined for 63 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 45 Mycoplasma hominis, 15 Mycoplasma fermentans, and 68 Ureaplasma sp. isolates. Garenoxacin was the most active quinolone, inhibiting all isolates at ≤1 μg/ml. The garenoxacin MIC at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90s; ≤0.008 μg/ml) was at least 4-fold less than those of moxifloxacin and clindamycin, 8-fold less than that of sparfloxacin, and 64-fold less than those of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin for M. pneumoniae. For M. hominis, the garenoxacin MIC90 (≤0.008 μg/ml) was 4-fold less than those of clindamycin and moxifloxacin, 8-fold less than that of sparfloxacin, and 64-fold less than those of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. All 15 M. fermentans isolates were inhibited by garenoxacin at concentrations ≤0.008 μg/ml, making it the most active drug tested against this organism. For Ureaplasma spp., the garenoxacin MIC90 (0.25 μg/ml) was equivalent to those of moxifloxacin and doxycycline, 4-fold less than those of levofloxacin and sparfloxacin, 8-fold less than that of azithromycin, and 32-fold less than that of ciprofloxacin. Garenoxacin and the other fluoroquinolones tested were demonstrated to have bactericidal activities against M. pneumoniae and M. hominis by measurement of minimal bactericidal activities and by time-kill studies. Further study of garenoxacin is required, as it has great potential for use in the treatment of infections due to mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas.

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Pereyre, S., H. Renaudin, C. Bébéar, and C. M. Bébéar. "In Vitro Activities of the Newer Quinolones Garenoxacin, Gatifloxacin, and Gemifloxacin against Human Mycoplasmas." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 8 (August 2004): 3165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.8.3165-3168.2004.

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ABSTRACT The activities of garenoxacin, gatifloxacin, and gemifloxacin were compared with those of four fluoroquinolones against human mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas, including fluoroquinolone-resistant genetically characterized strains. Garenoxacin exhibited the highest activity, followed by gemifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gatifloxacin. The minimal bactericidal activities of these three compounds were lower than those of the four fluoroquinolones.

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Cocks, B. G., and L. R. Finch. "Characterization of a Restriction Endonuclease from Ureaplasma urealyticum 960 and Differences in Deoxyribonucleic Acid Modification of Human Ureaplasmas." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 37, no. 4 (October 1, 1987): 451–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-37-4-451.

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12

Robertson, Janet A., Louise E. Pyle, Gerald W. Stemke, and Lloyd R. Finch. "Human ureaplasmas show diverse genome sizes by pulsed-field electrophoresis." Nucleic Acids Research 18, no. 6 (1990): 1451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.6.1451.

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13

Colaizy, Tarah T., Theresa Kuforiji, Ronald S. Sklar, and De-Ann M. Pillers. "PCR methods in clinical investigations of human ureaplasmas: a minireview." Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 80, no. 4 (December 2003): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2003.08.024.

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Waites, Ken B., Donna M. Crabb, Lynn B. Duffy, and Michael D. Huband. "In VitroAntibacterial Activity of AZD0914 against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 6 (March 30, 2015): 3627–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04945-14.

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ABSTRACTIn this study, susceptibilities were determined for AZD0914, a spiropyrimidinetrione DNA gyrase inhibitor, azithromycin, doxycycline, and levofloxacin againstMycoplasmaandUreaplasmaspecies. The activity of AZD0914 was comparable to that of levofloxacin and doxycycline againstMycoplasma genitaliumandMycoplasma pneumoniae. The AZD0914 MIC90againstMycoplasma hominiswas 8-fold greater than that for levofloxacin. The AZD0914 MIC90againstUreaplasmaspecies was 4-fold less than that for azithromycin and 8-fold less than that for levofloxacin and doxycycline.

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TAYLOR-ROBINSON, D., and P. M. FURR. "Observations on experimental colonisation of mice by ureaplasmas of human origin." Journal of Medical Microbiology 51, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 866–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-51-10-866.

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Watanabe, Tsuguo, Masaro Matsuura, and Kanichi Seto. "Proteolytic activity of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas isolated freshly from human saliva." Medical Microbiology and Immunology 173, no. 5 (January 1985): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02124942.

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Waites, Ken B., Nipun B. Reddy, Donna M. Crabb, and Lynn B. Duffy. "Comparative In Vitro Activities of Investigational Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor NVP LBM-415 and Other Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 6 (June 2005): 2541–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.6.2541-2542.2005.

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ABSTRACT Peptide deformylase inhibitor LBM-415 and seven other drugs were tested against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (100 isolates), Mycoplasma hominis (20 isolates), Mycoplasma fermentans (10 isolates), and Ureaplasma species (50 isolates). LBM-415 was active against M. pneumoniae (MICs, ≤0.008 μg/ml). It showed no activity against M. hominis and M. fermentans and modest activity against Ureaplasma spp.

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Kong, Fanrong, Zhenfang Ma, Gregory James, Susanna Gordon, and Gwendolyn L. Gilbert. "Species Identification and Subtyping ofUreaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticumUsing PCR-Based Assays." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38, no. 3 (2000): 1175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.38.3.1175-1179.2000.

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There is good evidence that the organism currently known asUreaplasma urealyticum should be divided into two species—U. parvum (previously U. urealyticumbiovar 1) and U. urealyticum (previously U. urealyticum biovar 2). In this study, we designed a series of primers, targeting the 16S rRNA gene and 16S rRNA-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions, the urease gene subunits, and the 5′ ends of the multiple-banded antigen (MBA) genes, to identify and subtype theseUreaplasma species. All of the species-specific primer pairs could distinguish the two species, but only subtype-specific primer pairs targeting the MBA genes could distinguish subtypes within each species. U. parvum was separated into three subtypes, represented by serovars 1, 3/14, and 6. U. urealyticum was also separated into three subtypes by PCR and/or direct sequencing. Subtype 1 consisted of serovars 2, 5, 8, and 9; subtype 2 contained serovars 4, 10, 12, and 13; and subtype 3 contained serovars 7 and 11. A selection of primer pairs was used to identify and subtype 78 clinical ureaplasma isolates from vaginal swabs of pregnant women and to identify and subtype ureaplasmas directly in 185 vaginal swabs in which they had been previously detected. U. parvum was identified in 228 (87%) of 263 isolates or specimens, and U. urealyticum was identified in 50 (19%) (both were present in 6%). Serovars 3/14 (48%) and 1 (43%) were most common among U. parvum isolates, and subtypes 2 (62%) and 1 (34%) were most common among U. urealyticum isolates. This new PCR-based typing system will facilitate future studies of the relationship between individual Ureaplasma species or subtypes and human disease.

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Waites, Ken B., D. M. Crabb, and Lynn B. Duffy. "Comparative In Vitro Susceptibilities of Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas to a New Investigational Ketolide, CEM-101." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 5 (March 2, 2009): 2139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00090-09.

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ABSTRACT MICs were determined for an investigational ketolide, CEM-101, and azithromycin, telithromycin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and linezolid against 36 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 5 Mycoplasma genitalium, 13 Mycoplasma hominis, 15 Mycoplasma fermentans, and 20 Ureaplasma isolates. All isolates, including two macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae isolates, were inhibited by CEM-101 at ≤0.5 μg/ml, making CEM-101 the most potent compound tested.

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Thirkell, D., A. D. Myles, and D. Taylor-Robinson. "A comparison of four major antigens in five human and several animal strains of ureaplasmas." Journal of Medical Microbiology 32, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00222615-32-3-163.

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Waites, Ken B., Donna M. Crabb, and Lynn B. Duffy. "Comparative In Vitro Susceptibilities and Bactericidal Activities of Investigational Fluoroquinolone ABT-492 and Other Antimicrobial Agents against Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 12 (December 2003): 3973–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.12.3973-3975.2003.

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ABSTRACT We determined in vitro susceptibilities for ABT-492 and other antimicrobials against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma species. ABT-492 MICs were ≤1 μg/ml, and the agent was bactericidal against selected isolates of M. pneumoniae and M. hominis. ABT-492 has potential for treatment of infections due to these microorganisms.

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Hashimoto, Osamu, Takashi Deguchi, Takashi Yoshida, Hiroaki Ishiko, and Miyuki Ido. "Quantitative detection and phylogeny-based identification of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas from human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive patients." Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy 12, no. 1 (2006): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10156-005-0418-7.

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23

Szostek, Sława, Barbara Zawilińska, Małgorzata Biernat-Sudolska, Jolanta Kopeć, Ewa Kleszcz, Małgorzata Koprynia, Danuta Rojek-Zakrzewska, and Magdalena Kosz-Vnenchak. "Differences in the Expression of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV-16) E6 Oncogene mRNA in SiHa Cell Line Inoculated with CMV, HSV or Ureaplasmas." Folia Biologica 62, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb62_1.73.

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Sweeney, Emma L., Samantha J. Dando, Suhas G. Kallapur, and Christine L. Knox. "The Human Ureaplasma Species as Causative Agents of Chorioamnionitis." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 30, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 349–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00091-16.

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SUMMARY The human Ureaplasma species are the most frequently isolated microorganisms from the amniotic fluid and placentae of women who deliver preterm and are also associated with spontaneous abortions or miscarriages, neonatal respiratory diseases, and chorioamnionitis. Despite the fact that these microorganisms have been habitually found within placentae of pregnancies with chorioamnionitis, the role of Ureaplasma species as a causative agent has not been satisfactorily explained. There is also controversy surrounding their role in disease, particularly as not all women infected with Ureaplasma spp. develop chorioamnionitis. In this review, we provide evidence that Ureaplasma spp. are associated with diseases of pregnancy and discuss recent findings which demonstrate that Ureaplasma spp. are associated with chorioamnionitis, regardless of gestational age at the time of delivery. Here, we also discuss the proposed major virulence factors of Ureaplasma spp., with a focus on the multiple-banded antigen (MBA), which may facilitate modulation/alteration of the host immune response and potentially explain why only subpopulations of infected women experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. The information presented within this review confirms that Ureaplasma spp. are not simply “innocent bystanders” in disease and highlights that these microorganisms are an often underestimated pathogen of pregnancy.

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Silwedel, Christine, Christian P. Speer, Axel Haarmann, Markus Fehrholz, Heike Claus, Nicolas Schlegel, and Kirsten Glaser. "Ureaplasma Species Modulate Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 14 (July 22, 2019): 3583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20143583.

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Ureaplasma species are common colonizers of the adult genitourinary tract and often considered as low-virulence commensals. Intraamniotic Ureaplasma infections, however, facilitate chorioamnionitis and preterm birth, and cases of Ureaplasma-induced neonatal sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis raise a growing awareness of their clinical relevance. In vitro studies are scarce but demonstrate distinct Ureaplasma-driven impacts on immune mechanisms. The current study addressed cytokine and chemokine responses upon exposure of native or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) co-stimulated human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to Ureaplasma urealyticum or U. parvum, using qRT-PCR, RNA sequencing, multi-analyte immunoassay, and flow cytometry. Ureaplasma exposure in native HBMEC reduced monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-3 mRNA expression (p < 0.01, vs. broth). In co-stimulated HBMEC, Ureaplasma spp. attenuated LPS-evoked mRNA responses for C-X-C chemokine ligand 5, MCP-1, and MCP-3 (p < 0.05, vs. LPS) and mitigated LPS-driven interleukin (IL)-1α protein secretion, as well as IL-8 mRNA and protein responses (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Ureaplasma isolates increased C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 mRNA levels in native and LPS co-stimulated HBMEC (p < 0.05). The presented results may imply immunomodulatory capacities of Ureaplasma spp. which may ultimately promote chronic colonization and long-term neuroinflammation.

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Lopez-Arias, Maria, Silvia Vazquez-Jimenez, Eduardo Martinez-Abundis, Nancy P. Gomez-Crisostomo, Alma Chavez-Blanco, Adriana Contreras-Paredes, and Erick De la Cruz-Hernandez. "Genital association of human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in Mexican women with precancerous lesions." International Journal of STD & AIDS 30, no. 10 (July 8, 2019): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462419855508.

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The genital colonization of certain Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. has been associated with an increased the risk of acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus. However, its association with high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes is not entirely clear, and the prevalence of such coinfections in cervical precancerous lesions has been poorly explored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. in 258 women recruited during their routine gynecological inspection at an outpatient clinic in Tabasco, Mexico. Among the Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. evaluated in the present study, the highest peak of prevalence was attributed to Ureaplasma parvum (32.9%), followed by Mycoplasma hominis (14%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (6.6%), and Mycoplasma genitalium (0.8%). The overall prevalence rates of papillomavirus DNA and high-risk human papillomavirus were 25.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The overall association showed that M. hominis and U. urealyticum correlated significantly with high-risk human papillomavirus infection. According to the cytological results, the distribution of coinfection with high-risk human papillomavirus and U. urealyticum did not show significant differences with respect to severity of cervical lesions. Conversely, the association of high-risk human papillomavirus with M. hominis was more frequent in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions ( P = 0.037).

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Krotik, E. I. "Current state of reproductive health of married couple with urogenital infections in anamnesis." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 10(146) (December 30, 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2019.146.45.

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This article highlights the actual problem of reproductive health in a married couple with a history of urogenital infections. The main trigger for the development of inflammation of the uterine adnexas is microbial invasion. In recent years, there have been significant changes in the etiological structure of inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system: the incidence of inflammatory diseases caused by the agents of the «second generation» – chlamydia, ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas, viruses significantly increased. The untimely and inadequate treatment of acute inflammatory processes of the internal genital organs, as well as the lack of their prevention explains the high incidence of chronic salpingoophoritis. Recently, give considerable attention to the study of the prevalence and role of viruses in the structure of sexually transmitted diseases. Today, inflammatory diseases of the urogenital sphere in men and women are the leading among the problems that have to deal with urologists, andrologists, gynecologists, reproductologists. This pathology is most common among patients of reproductive and working age. It has a negative effect on sexual function, ability to conceive, family relationships, social adaptation and efficiency. Marriage infertility is a worldwide prevalent pathology that is a significant personal, medical, biological, social and demographic problem of today. According to the latest data from the European Society for Human Reproductology and Embryology (ESHRE), about 1 million married couples suffer from infertility in Ukraine, ie 15–17%. The overview of current research summarizes the theoretical and statistical data of recent years. The modern ideas about the etiopathogenesis of male and female infertility, namely the effect of transmitted urogenital infections on the occurrence of disorders in the female and male genitourinary systems are considered. Accent is placed on the analysis of the problem of complications regarding further planned pregnancy in a couple who has a history of urogenital infections. Key words: reproductive health, urogenital infections, infertility, pregnancy, mixed infections, married couple, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

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Bharat, Ankit, Scott A. Cunningham, G. R. Scott Budinger, Daniel Kreisel, Charl J. DeWet, Andrew E. Gelman, Ken Waites, et al. "Disseminated Ureaplasma infection as a cause of fatal hyperammonemia in humans." Science Translational Medicine 7, no. 284 (April 22, 2015): 284re3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa8419.

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Hyperammonemia syndrome is a fatal complication affecting immunosuppressed patients. Frequently refractory to treatment, it is characterized by progressive elevations in serum ammonia of unknown etiology, ultimately leading to cerebral edema and death. In mammals, ammonia produced during amino acid metabolism is primarily cleared through the hepatic production of urea, which is eliminated in the kidney. Ureaplasma species, commensals of the urogenital tract, are Mollicutes dependent on urea hydrolysis to ammonia and carbon dioxide for energy production. We hypothesized that systemic infection with Ureaplasma species might pose a unique challenge to human ammonia metabolism by liberating free ammonia resulting in the hyperammonemia syndrome. We used polymerase chain reaction, specialized culture, and molecular resistance profiling to identify systemic Ureaplasma infection in lung transplant recipients with hyperammonemia syndrome, but did not detect it in any lung transplant recipients with normal ammonia concentrations. Administration of Ureaplasma-directed antimicrobials to patients with hyperammonemia syndrome resulted in biochemical and clinical resolution of the disorder. Relapse in one patient was accompanied by recurrent Ureaplasma bacteremia with antimicrobial resistance. Our results provide evidence supporting a causal relationship between Ureaplasma infection and hyperammonemia, suggesting a need to test for this organism and provide empiric antimicrobial treatment while awaiting microbiological confirmation.

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Viscardi, Rose M., Jennifer Kaplan, Judith C. Lovchik, Ju Ren He, Lisa Hester, Srinivas Rao, and Jeffrey D. Hasday. "Characterization of a Murine Model of Ureaplasma urealyticum Pneumonia." Infection and Immunity 70, no. 10 (October 2002): 5721–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.70.10.5721-5729.2002.

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ABSTRACT Ureaplasma urealyticum respiratory tract colonization in preterm infants has been associated with a high incidence of pneumonia and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. However, study of this human pathogen has been hampered by the absence of animal models. We have developed the first juvenile mouse model of Ureaplasma pneumonia and characterized the histopathology during the month following inoculation. C3H/HeN mice were inoculated intratracheally with a mouse-adapted clinical Ureaplasma isolate (biovar 2) or sham inoculated with 10B broth. Culture of lung homogenates and PCR of DNA from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) confirmed the presence of Ureaplasma in 100% of inoculated animals at 1 day, 60% at 2 days, 50% at 3 days, and 25% at 7 and 14 days. Ureaplasma was undetectable 28 days postinoculation. There were marked changes in BAL and interstitial-cell composition with increased number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes 1 to 2 days and 14 days postinoculation and macrophages at 2 and 14 days postinoculation. The Ureaplasma infection caused a persistent focal loss of airway ciliated epithelium and a mild increase in interstitial cellularity. There were no differences in BAL protein concentration during the first 28 days, suggesting that pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier integrity remained intact. Comparison of BAL cytokine and chemokine concentrations revealed low levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) at 3 days and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 at 7 days in Ureaplasma-infected mice but a trend toward increased TNF-α at 14 days and increased granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-10 at 28 days. These data suggest that Ureaplasma alone may cause limited inflammation and minimal tissue injury in the early phase of infection but may promote a mild chronic inflammatory response in the later phase of infection (days 14 to 28), similar to the process that occurs in human newborns.

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Feriyawati, Lita, Dwi Rita Anggraini, and Tetty Aman Nasution. "Co-Infection of Human Papillomavirus with Mycoplasma Hominis/Ureaplasma Urealyticum Among Female Sex Workers in Medan, Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 20 (October 14, 2019): 3425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.438.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases among women aged < 35 years worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that the vaginal microenvironment influenced by bacterial infection poses for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and cervical carcinogenesis. Female sex workers (FSWs) are a population susceptible to acquire Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as transmitting the virus to others. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma infections and HPV infection among female sex workers. A total of 70 female sex workers of reproductive age were recruited from various location in Medan, Indonesia in 2018. Detection of Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma infections and HPV infection were obtained from PCR assessment. The results of this study showed that no correlation significant between Mycoplasma hominis/Ureaplasma urealyticum infection and HPV infection.

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Amorim, Alyce Lima, Ana Gabriela Álvares Travassos, Geovane Cruz de Souza, Vitor Cunha Fontes, Maiara Timbó, and Eveline Xavier Souza. "Prevalence of ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma hominis and human papillomavirus coinfection in people attending a sexually transmitted infections (STI)/HIV reference centre in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil." Jornal Brasileiro de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis 31, no. 4 (2019): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-201931405.

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Introduction: Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are frequently found at many women’s and men’s urogenital tract, and have been associated with non-gonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, infertility, chorioaminionitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Some studies show high prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in patients with non-gonococcal urethritis, while also presenting high frequency of Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in women with cervicalcytology abnormalities and men with genital warts. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and HPV coinfection in people attending a sexually transmitted infections (STI)/HIV reference centre and to identify the risk factors associated. Methods: A cross-sectional study with patients aged >18 years, carried out for Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis from July 1st to December 31, 2015, in a STI/HIV reference centre from the State of Bahia, Brazil. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from secondary data from patients’ charts and laboratory findings, and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Pearson’s χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate categorical variables. HPV clinical diagnosis was considered positive as the presence of genital warts. Results: In this study, 849 patients were included — 196 men and 653 women. Of the sample, 51.4% was diagnosed with at least one of the two bacteria. The prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis infection was higher in coinfection (16.7%) than in isolated infection (2.2%). The prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum isolated infection was 32.4%. A strong association was found between the presence of genital warts and Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, with an estimated risk of 1.230 (p=0.014). Conclusion: Our findings suggest the need for further investigation for Ureaplasma urealyticum infection in patients presenting genital warts on physical examination. In addition, in this context, greater attention should be given to women and pregnant women.

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Talkington, Deborah F., Jerry K. Davis, Kay C. Canupp, Bonnie K. Garrett, Ken B. Waites, Gertrude A. Huster, and Gail H. Cassell. "The effects of three serotypes of Ureaplasma urealyticum on spermatozoal motility and penetration in vitro**Supported by grant HD-16199 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland.††Presented in part at the International Organization of Mycoplasmology International Symposium on Ureaplasmas of Humans: With Emphasis on Maternal and Neonatal Infections, Seattle, Washington, October 10 to 12, 1985." Fertility and Sterility 55, no. 1 (January 1991): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54078-3.

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Saada, A. B., Y. Terespolski, A. Adoni, and I. Kahane. "Adherence of Ureaplasma urealyticum to human erythrocytes." Infection and Immunity 59, no. 1 (1991): 467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.59.1.467-469.1991.

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Belyaeva, Elena, Eleva Genich, and Olga Leshchenko. "The Frequency Detection of Opportunistic Sexually Transmitted Infections among HIV-Infected Women Planning Pregnancy." International Journal of Biomedicine 11, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21103/article11(4)_oa16.

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The purpose of our study was to determine the frequency of detection of opportunistic sexually transmitted infections (Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Ureaplasma spp, Human papillomavirus) in HIV-infected women planning pregnancy. Methods and Results: We examined 31 HIV-positive Caucasian women. They sought pregnancy planning advice at the Scientific Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems in Irkutsk during 2014-2015. The average age of the women was 30.9±4.5 years (20-39 years). A clinical diagnosis of HIV was made at Irkutsk Regional AIDS Center. All HIV-infected women were tested for the presence of DNA of pathogens of bacterial and viral sexually transmitted infections in the epithelium of the cervical canal. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 1(3.2%) participant, Trichomonas vaginalis in 1(3.2%), Ureaplasma spp. in 14(45.2%), and HPV in 22(71%). Co-infection of HPV and Ureaplasma spp. was observed in 35.5% of HIV-positive women. Conclusion: the prevention and detection of sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected individuals remain a public health priority and an integral component of HIV primary care.

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Ostrovskaya, O. V., E. B. Nagovitsyna, and M. A. Vlasova. "Intrauterine infection verification in neonatal mortality." Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, no. 81 (September 29, 2021): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2021-81-85-91.

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Aim. To verify contribution of intrauterine infections to early neonatal mortality, using autopsy and molecular genetic findings.Materials and methods. The study was carried out at the premises of the Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood Protection and the Pathology Department of the Khabarovsk Perinatal Center. An analysis was made of the data on medical history, pregnancy course and outcome, morphological placental study in seven cases of early neonatal death. Genomes of Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma species (Ureaplasma urealyticum + Ureaplasma parvum), Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Listeria monocytogenes, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Human herpesvirus type 4, and Human herpesvirus type 6 were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in samples of placental tissue.Results. Samples of six out of seven placentas (85.7%) in early neonatal death cases were found to present with genomes of opportunistic microorganisms, which are part of biocenosis of the woman’s urogenital tract and enter the placenta and the fetus by an ascending pathway (S. agalactiae, Ureaplasma spp., M. hominis), as well as genomes of opportunistic herpesviruses (Cytomegalovirus, Human herpesvirus type 6), which constantly persist and reproduce in human lymphocytes and are transmitted mainly by a transplacental route. Infectious and inflammatory changes in placenta and membranes resulting in respiratory disorders, fetal hypoxia and asphyxia were found in all cases of opportunistic pathogen detection.Conclusion. This is indicative of the ability of the said opportunistic organisms to contribute to the pathogenesis of neonatal death. Contribution of intrauterine infections to early neonatal death cases is made up of both congenital neonatal infection cases and cases of infectious and inflammatory processes in placenta and membranes leading to respiratory distress, the immediate cause of death.

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Ostrovskaya, О. V., S. V. Suprun, O. V. Kozharskaya, D. V. Musatov, N. M. Ivakhnishina, E. B. Nagovitsyna, and M. A. Vlasova. "Predicting intrauterine infection risk in newborns based on morphometric parameters of placental terminal villi." Bulletin Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, no. 79 (April 2, 2021): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36604/1998-5029-2021-79-86-94.

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Aim. To evaluate the prognostic value of micromorphometry of placental terminal villi for early diagnosis of intrauterine infections in newborns.Materials and methods. A molecular genetic and micromorphometric study of 34 placentas obtained from women whose pregnancy ended in preterm labor at 30-36 weeks and 46 placentas of persons who gave birth to full-term babies was performed. In samples of placental tissue, the polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the genome of the following pathogens of intrauterine infections: Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma species (Ureaplasma urealyticum+Ureaplasma parvum), Chlamydia trachomatis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Listeria monocytogenes, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Human herpes virus 4 type, Human herpes virus 6 type, Parvovirus B19. Morphometry was performed using an image analysis system on a Carl Zeiss microscope and Axio Imager software. An average number of capillaries in the terminal villi and the distance from the capillaries to the syncytiotrophoblast were calculated.Results. The genome of intrauterine infection pathogens was detected in 55.9% of placentas from preterm birth, including DNA of Ureaplasma species – 29.4%, Mycoplasma hominis – 23.5%, Mycoplasma genitalium – 5.9%, Streptococcus agalactiae – 11.7%, Cytomegalovirus – 5.9%, Human herpes virus 4 type – 14.8% as a part of mono- and co-infections. In full-term pregnancy, the infection of the placentas was found to be 3.4 times less – 16.3% (p<0.0002). In monoinfections, DNA of Ureaplasma species – 4.6%, Mycoplasma hominis – 6.9%, Streptococcus agalactiae – 2.3%, Human herpes virus 4 type – 2.3% were detected. An average number of capillaries (abs. value) in the terminal villi of infected placentas, both at full-term (5.35±1.07) and premature (3.97±0.19) pregnancies, proved to be significantly less than in uninfected placentas (5.74±0.05 and 4.63±0.28), respectively. An average distance from the capillaries (µm) of the terminal villi to the syncytiotrophoblast in infected placentas both at full-term (1.62±0.15) and premature pregnancies (2.20±0.2) proved to be significantly greater than in uninfected placentas (1.02±0.03 and 1.72±0.14, respectively).Conclusion. Comparison of the morphometric parameters of terminal villi in the examined placenta with an average rate of infected and uninfected placentas of full-term and premature pregnancies makes it possible to predict the risk of intrauterine infection in a newborn.

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Smith, D. G. E., W. C. Russell, and D. Thirkell. "Adherence of Ureaplasma urealyticum to human epithelial cells." Microbiology 140, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 2893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00221287-140-10-2893.

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Biernat-Sudolska, Małgorzata, Anna Bilska-Wilkosz, Danuta Rojek-Zakrzewska, Barbara Zawilińska, and Magdalena Kosz-Vnenchak. "Evaluation of Urease Activity by the Human Ureaplasma Species." Folia Biologica 65, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3409/fb65_3.143.

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Borborema-Santos, Cristina Maria, Yanne Gabrielle Siqueira Coelho, Mellissa Gabriela Soares Almeida, Antônio Vinícius Soares Souza, Roberto Alexandre Alves Barbosa-Filho, and Évelyn Costa-Lira. "Ureaplasma parvum e Ureaplasma urealyticum em amostras cervicais de mulheres com candidíase vulvovaginal e com vaginose bacteriana." Conjecturas 22, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/conj-742-b18.

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A microbiota vaginal tem uma importância fundamental na saúde do trato genital feminino. A presença de Ureaplasma spp. tem sido relatada com frequência em estudos de correlação com o Papilomavírus Humano (HPV). Objetivou-se determinar a prevalência de Ureaplasma parvum (UP) e Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) em mulheres com Vaginose Bacteriana (VB) e Candidíase Vulvovaginal (CVV) e correlacionar com HPV. Extraiu-se o DNA genômico de 64 amostras cervicais, utilizando o kit comercial QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit. Identificou-se UP e UU por Multiplex PCR convencional e para HPV utilizou-se Nested PCR/ sequenciamento. Verificou-se que a prevalência de UP no grupo de CVV foi de 87,8% (29/33) e no de VB foi de 96,7% (30/31). O UU demonstrou prevalência de 81,8% (27/33) nas amostras de CVV e 67,7% (21/33) nas de VB. Quanto ao HPV, 27,2% (9/33) das amostras de CVV foram positivas para a presença deste patógeno e nas amostras de VB, 35,4% (11/31) das amostras também foram positivas. Observou-se que existe uma tendência de infecção pelo HPV na presença de Ureaplasma spp. em especial o UP. Todavia, tal afirmação não pode ser confirmada neste trabalho por não demonstrar significância estatística.

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Kofler, Barbara, Johannes Laimer, Emanuel Bruckmoser, Teresa B. Steinbichler, Annette Runge, Volker H. Schartinger, Dorothee von Laer, and Wegene Borena. "The Role of HPV and Non-HPV Sexually Transmitted Infections in Patients with Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Case Control Study." Cancers 12, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 1192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051192.

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Background: Certain high-risk (hr) types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cervical cancer in women and penile cancer in men. Hr-HPV can also cause cancers of the oropharynx and anus in both sexes. In the anal and cervical region, a contribution of co-infections with Ureaplasma spp. on the persistence of the hr-HPV infection by a profound inflammatory state is suggested. Here, we investigated if non-HPV sexually transmitted infections are associated with oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC). Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, a brush test directly from the tumor surface of OPC patients (study group) and from the oropharynx of healthy volunteers (control group), both groups matching in age and sex, was performed. HPV subtypes were detected using a commercially available test kit. For non-HPV sexually transmitted infections (Ureaplasma spp., Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma genitalium), a multiplex nucleic acid amplification approach was performed. Results: In the study group, 96 patients (23 female/73 male), with histologically confirmed OPC and in the control group 112 patients (19 female/93 male), were included. Oropharyngeal hr-HPV-positivity was detected in 68% (65/96 patients) of the study group and 1.8% (2/112 patients) of the control group (p < 0.001). In three patients in the study group, Ureaplasma spp. was detected, whereas no patient was Ureaplasma spp. positive in the control group (p = 0.097). Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma genitalium were negative in both groups. Conclusion: Based on the current study, the prevalence of oropharyngeal Ureaplasma spp. among patients with OPC is low and does not support a role in oropharyngeal cancer. However, the detection of the pathogen only among OPC patients but not in the healthy individuals might indicate a potential role and needs further elucidation.

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Wang, Na, Yunheng Zhou, Hong Zhang, and Yang Liu. "In vitro activities of acetylmidecamycin and other antimicrobials against human macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 6 (February 19, 2020): 1513–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa027.

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Abstract Objectives To assess the in vitro activities of acetylmidecamycin, a 16-membered macrolide, and 11 other antimicrobial agents against human mycoplasmas. Methods A total of 187 clinical isolates, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 110), Mycoplasma hominis (n = 26) and Ureaplasma species (n = 51), were included in this study. The MICs of 12 antimicrobial agents, including acetylmidecamycin, thiamphenicol, chloramphenicol and some other macrolides, fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, for these clinical isolates were determined by the broth microdilution method. Results For M. pneumoniae, the MIC90 values of the tested macrolides were: acetylmidecamycin (1 mg/L)<josamycin (4 mg/L)<midecamycin (8 mg/L)<azithromycin (16 mg/L)<erythromycin (>128 mg/L). Thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol had the same MIC90 (2 mg/L). For Ureaplasma species, the MIC90 values were: acetylmidecamycin (0.25 mg/L)<josamycin (0.5 mg/L)=midecamycin<azithromycin (1 mg/L)=erythromycin. Chloramphenicol had a lower MIC90 (2 mg/L) than that of thiamphenicol (4 mg/L). For M. hominis, the MIC90 values were: acetylmidecamycin (0.25 mg/L)<josamycin (0.5 mg/L)<midecamycin (2 mg/L)<azithromycin (>128 mg/L)=erythromycin. The MIC90 values of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol were 2 and 4 mg/L, respectively. Conclusions The results indicated that acetylmidecamycin and thiamphenicol are active in vitro against the most common mycoplasma species infecting humans, including those resistant to macrolides and fluoroquinolones. Acetylmidecamycin and thiamphenicol might be a promising option for clinicians to treat infections caused by Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp., particularly macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae in paediatrics and fluoroquinolone-resistant M. hominis in adults. Further investigation of their clinical roles in treating infections caused by these organisms is warranted.

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Motomura, Kenichiro, Roberto Romero, Kevin Theis, Andrew Winters, Yi Xu, Valeria Garcia-Flores, Chengrui Zou, et al. "Ureaplasma parvum induces preterm birth by triggering immune responses in the fetus and at the maternal-fetal interface." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 225.26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.225.26.

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Abstract Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. One of every four preterm births is due to intra-amniotic infection, most commonly associated with Ureaplasma species. However, a causal link between Ureaplasma species and adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as the triggered host immune responses, has not been investigated. Molecular microbiological surveys first revealed that Ureaplasma parvum is the most common bacterium in women with intra-amniotic infection. Ultrasound-guided intra-amniotic injection of U. parvum in pregnant mice resulted in preterm birth and neonatal death. Specific qPCR revealed that U. parvum invaded specific fetal (lung, intestine, spleen, fetal membranes, and placenta) and maternal (decidua, uterus, and cervix) compartments. Consistently, U. parvum induced a strong inflammatory response in the amniotic cavity, fetal membranes, placenta, and fetal lung and spleen, as well as at the maternal-fetal interface. However, U. parvum neither invaded the non-reproductive maternal organs nor induced a maternal systemic inflammatory response. An ex vivo model of intra-amniotic infection showed that U. parvum elicits pro-inflammatory responses in human amnion epithelial cells. Lastly, the treatment of U. parvum-injected mice with clarithromycin, a clinically relevant macrolide, prevented preterm birth and neonatal death. Collectively, this investigation provides a causal link between U. parvum and adverse pregnancy outcomes, and yields insights into the host immune responses triggered by this genital mycoplasma. Importantly, these data support the use of clarithromycin in the treatment of Ureaplasma-associated intra-amniotic infection leading to preterm birth.

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Fedorych P. V. and Mavrov G. I. "INCIDENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS: LOCAL STUDY IN UKRAINE." World Science 2, no. 8(36) (August 31, 2018): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30082018/6059.

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Introduction.The structure of incidence of sexually transmitted infections is changing constantly. Information on such changes supports correct planning of clinical and diagnostic activities of institutions providing specialized medical care by qualified specialists.Objective:to investigate the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections with pathogens clinically significant to the genitourinary system in Ukraine and at the local level.Materials and methods. Polymerase chain reaction was used to test the biological material obtained from the genitourinary clinical specimens from subjects with sexually transmitted infections, who underwent clinical and laboratory examinations in Oleksandrivsk Clinical Hospital (Kyiv, Ukraine) for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Human papillomavirus, and Neisseria gonorrhoea. During 2017, 607 subjects of both genders, including 295 (48.6%) females and 312 (51.4%) males, were examined. Their mean age was 32±3.5.Findings. Chlamydia trachomatis was found in 159 (26.2%) of 607 examined subjects – 85 males and 74 females. Mycoplasma hominis was found in 122 of 585 (21.1%) examined subjects – 64 males and 58 females. Mycoplasma genitalium, respectively, in 17 (6.62%) of 258 subjects – 6 males and 11 females. Ureaplasma urealyticum was found in the largest number of subjects (305, i.e. in 48.77% of 601 examined subjects) – 157 males and 148 females. Trichomonas vaginalis was found in 28 (5.23%) of 535 subjects – 15 males and 13 females. Human papillomavirus was found in 158 of 297 (53.2%) examined subjects – 88 males and 70 females. Neisseria gonorrhea was found in 33 of 297 (8.45%) subjects – 8 males and 25 females.Conclusions. As suggested by the local study of the sexually transmitted infections incidence in Ukraine, the most clinically significant for the genitourinary system are Human papillomavirus (53.2%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (48.77%), Chlamydia trachomatis (26.2%) and Mycoplasma hominis (21.1%). Therefore, tests for these pathogens in the specified region is currently the most appropriate during diagnostic examinations and counselling of subjects with genitourinary infections.

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Krzysztoń-Russjan, Jolanta, Jakub Chudziak, Małgorzata Bednarek, and Elżbieta Lidia Anuszewska. "Development of New PCR Assay with SYBR Green I for Detection of Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma sp. in Cell Cultures." Diagnostics 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050876.

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Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma sp. are atypical bacteria responsible for in vitro cell culture contaminations that can warp the results. These bacteria also cause human and animal infections and may lead to chronic diseases. In developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in this study a quantitative PCR with SYBR Green I fluorochrome was applied to facilitate the Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma sp. DNA detection and identification. Screening Test-1 v.1 (triplex qPCR) allowed for the detection of 11 species. Test-1 v.2 (three single qPCRs) pre-identified three subgroups, allowing for the reduction of using single qPCRs in Test-2 for species identification. The range of both tests was consistent with pharmacopeial requirements for microbial quality control of mammal cells and included detection of M. arginini, M. orale, M. hyorhinis, M. fermentans, M. genitalium, M. hominis, M. pneumoniae, M. salivarium, M. pirum, A. laidlawii, and U. urealyticum. Limit of detection values varied between 125–300 and 50–100 number of copies per milliliter in Test-1 and Test-2, respectively. Test-1 and Test-2 showed fully concordant results, allowed for time-saving detection and/or identification of selected species from Mycoplasma, Acholeplasma, and Ureaplasma in tested cell cultures.

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Cunha, R. A. F., C. P. Koiffman, D. H. Souza, and K. Takei. "Clastogenic effects of different Ureaplasma urealyticum serovars on human chromosomes." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 30, no. 6 (June 1997): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x1997000600008.

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NAKANO, Hiroshi, Tsuguo IWASA, and Tooru SUMII. "Isolation of Human Urogenital Mycoplasma, Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum." Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 62, no. 1 (1988): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.62.49.

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TAKAMIZAWA, Shigenori, and Takejiro OKAZAKI. "A Study of Ureaplasma urealyticum Pathogenicity in Human Genitourinary Tract." Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases 65, no. 10 (1991): 1355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.65.1355.

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Yanagihara, Itaru. "The pathobiology of Ureaplasma spp. infection of human preterm delivery." Placenta 34, no. 10 (October 2013): A2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2013.07.009.

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Eng, H., J. A. Robertson, and G. W. Stemke. "Properties of urease from Ureaplasma urealyticum: kinetics, molecular weight, and demonstration of multiple enzyme isoelectric point forms." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 32, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m86-089.

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In the several strains of Ureaplasma urealyticum that we examined, all originally isolated from human sources, the ureases were found to have a pH optimum between 7.2 and 7.5, and the Km was approximately 2.5 mM urea. Using nonreducing, nondenaturing conditions for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of the holoenzyme was determined to be approximately 380 000. Treatment with reducing agents did not affect the electrophoretic mobility and, therefore, the molecular weight of ureaplasma urease. Immunoblot analysis (using antiserum to U. urealyticum urease) after sodium dodecyl sulfate – polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing, denaturing conditions revealed two antigenically reactive bands of molecular weight 174 000 and 179 000. Under reducing, denaturing conditions, a single band of molecular weight approximately 179 000 was detected. Multiple forms of urease were detected by isoelectrofocusing but not by zonal electrophoresis.

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Lv, Panpan, Fang Zhao, Xiaoqin Xu, Jun Xu, Qiang Wang, and Zhen Zhao. "Correlation between Common Lower Genital Tract Microbes and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2019 (November 22, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9678104.

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Background. High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is a necessary cause of cervical cancer. However, other common lower genital tract microbes may increase hr-HPV infection and their related cervical cytopathy. Methods. To confirm this hypothesis, cervical brush and vaginal swab specimens were collected from 826 adult patients who were divided into the hr-HPV-positive group (254) and the negative group (572) by real-time PCR assay. Cervical specimens were tested for Ureaplasma parvum (UP), Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) using PCR analysis. Vaginal secretion was detected for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Candida spp., and bacterial vaginosis (BV) with conventional assay. Results. Among hr-HPV-positive women, UP was found in 51.6%, UU in 15.4%, CT in 15.7%, Candida spp. in 11.0%, TV in 3.1%, and BV in 20.5%. In the hr-HPV-negative group, UP was positive in 36.2%, UU in 8.6%, CT in 4.0%, Candida spp. in 12.4%, TV in 0.2%, and BV in 7.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis with age-adjusted showed that UU (OR, 1.757), UP (OR, 1.804), CT (OR, 3.538), BV (OR, 3.020), and TV (OR, 14.109) were risk factors on hr-HPV infection (P<0.05). Conclusion. These microbes might induce cervical chronic inflammation that would damage the mucosal barrier and immune protection to promote the infection of hr-HPV.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Human ureaplasmas'

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