Journal articles on the topic 'Human trafficking Government policy Israel'
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1
Prakoso, Abdul Rahman, and Putri Ayu Nurmalinda. "LEGAL POLICY ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING CRIMES." IJCLS (Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies) 3, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcls.v3i2.17172.
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The crime of trafficking in persons is still a problem in people's lives. Trafficking of persons undertaken includes the process of hiring up to the act of buying and selling people. The existence of Law Number 21 Year 2007 concerning the Eradication of Crime of Trafficking in Persons as protection for trade acts. The legal policy in the realm of human trafficking is not only about central government elements but also related to the policies issued by the local government. The law as an existing regulatory instrument in Indonesia is based on the existence of regional policy to protect its citizens. Trafficking can not be separated from various parties. This concerns various aspects of the community elements involved in it. There is a need for comprehensive prevention to avoid trafficking. In this case both the office and the law enforcers must play a role in the prosecution and protection of trafficking. Keywords: Policy, people trafficking, protection
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Wan Ismail, Wan Nur Ibtisam, Raja Noriza Raja Ariffin, and Kee Cheok Cheong. "Human Trafficking in Malaysia." Administration & Society 49, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 212–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399714532271.
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Recent studies have suggested that migrants are highly vulnerable to being trafficked. Malaysia, with its large number of migrants is vulnerable and is struggling to implement its Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007. There is also little information on implementation experience so far. Through in-depth interviews with government bureaucrats and other stakeholders, this study seeks to gain some insight into Malaysia’s policy implementation experience. It finds inadequate coordination, limited resources, poor information flow, enforcement approach, hierarchical control structure, and need for change as the major factors constraining effective policy implementation.
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Rasim, Idul Adnan. "GOVERNMENT POLICY IN PREVENTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN WEST LOMBOK REGENCY NUSA TENGGARA BARAT." Bilancia: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Syariah dan Hukum 16, no. 2 (December 18, 2022): 191–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/blc.v16i2.968.
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Based on data from the Crisis Centre belonging to the National Agency for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers which is called BNP2TKI, there were 1,759 complaints from workers assigned abroad as of/January-March 2019, where 71 cases were confirmed as human trafficking. and 2,430 cases which have indicators of human trafficking and there are 32 cases of trafficking in persons from the province of Nusa Tenggara Barat where as many as 59 victims are from West Lombok Regency. Using normative empirical research or also best known as field research, this paper applied the descriptive analysis method in analysing the data and found the following: forms and models of human trafficking in West Lombok Regency, Nusa Tenggara Barat done by a scalper who approached potential target induvidually ( home-to-home / door-to-door), then offered a job with a big number of salary to the victim, using nonprocedural ways, document falsification and persuading victims to escape from legal corporate. The duties of the West Lombok government are to prevent the occurrence of the criminal act of human trafficking there for socialization in the community and schools in West Lombok about procedurally being legal workers migrants and law enforcement on the criminal offender are crucial to be born in mind.
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Budiman, Haris. "The Policy of Kuningan District Regional Government in The Efforts to Prevent Human Trafficking." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 5, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v5i2.1073.
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The era of regional autonomy has made regions strive to utilize their potential for the sake of community�s welfare. Yet, the limited job opportunities cause the job seekers to work abroad which results in various legal cases, including human trafficking. The purpose of this research is to analyze the regulations on human trafficking, the factors causing human trafficking, and the role of regional government in preventing human trafficking. The research method used was non-doctrinal. The results showed that human trafficking has been regulated in various regulations, but in practice, the regulations are not well implemented because of various factors, including economic, social, and cultural factors. Moreover, the policy of Kuningan District Regional Government in the efforts to prevent human trafficking is limited to the forming of Integrated Service Center for Empowering Women and Children (P2TP2A) which in its implementation has not run optimally due to limited funds and participation from the community.�Era otonomi daerah menjadikan daerah berupaya untuk memanfaatkan potensi yang dimilikinya dalam rangka mensejahterakan masyarakat. Akan tetapi keterbatasan lapangan kerja menyebabkan� tingginya� para pencari kerja untuk bekerja di luar negeri, sehingga menimbulkan berbagai kasus hukum, diantaranya perdagangan manusia. Rumusan masalah: bagaimana pengaturan tentang perdagangan manusia,� faktor-faktor apa yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya perdagangan manusia, serta bagaimana peran pemerintah daerah dalam mencegah terjadinya Perdagangan manusia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan bersifat non doktrinal dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Pengaturan perdagangan manusia telah diatur dalam berbagai perundang-undangan namun dalam pelaksanaannya tidak berjalan dengan optimal karena ada faktor yang mempengaruhi.� Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain faktor ekonomi, faktor sosial dan faktor budaya. Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Kuningan dalam upaya mencegah perdagangan manusia baru sebatas membentuk� Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Anak (P2TP2A). yang dalam pelaksanaannya belum berjalan optimal karena�
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Hacker, Daphna, Yaara Levine-Fraiman, and Idan Halili. "Ungendering and Regendering Shelters for Survivors of Human Trafficking." Social Inclusion 3, no. 1 (February 23, 2015): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v3i1.173.
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This article is based on intensive fieldwork in the two Israeli shelters designated for victims of human trafficking and slavery. The shelters, one for women and one for men, are a refuge for survivors of sex trafficking; labor migrants subjected to severe exploitation by their employers; and asylum seekers who arrived in Israel after experiencing severe physical and emotional abuse at the hands of kidnappers and smugglers en route to Israel. The study included interviews with policy makers and professionals, and with women and men who resided at the shelters, as well as an analysis of the relevant legislation and official reports. The article explores the problematic gendered differentiations between the two shelters. Most significantly, while support for residents of the shelter for women is anchored by emotional and psychological rehabilitation, residents of the shelter for men do not receive any therapeutic support. At the same time, while staff in the shelter for men put significant effort into the reintegration of the men into the labor force, the women’s employment prospects receive less attention. Based on these and other findings, the article cautions against gender-biased rehabilitation services for victims of human trafficking and slavery, and calls for a gender-sensitive rehabilitation theory and practice.
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Zimmerman, Cathy, Ligia Kiss, Mazeda Hossain, and Charlotte Watts. "Trafficking in persons: a health concern?" Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 14, no. 4 (August 2009): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232009000400010.
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Human trafficking is a phenomenon that has now been documented in most regions in the world. Although trafficking of women and girls for sexual exploitation is the most commonly recognised form of trafficking, it is widely acknowledged that human trafficking also involves men, women and children who are trafficked for various forms of labour exploitation and into other abusive circumstances. Despite the violence and harm inherent in most trafficking situations, there remains extremely little evidence on the individual and public health implications of any form of human trafficking. The Brazilian government has recently launched a national plan to combat human trafficking. However, because the health risks associated with human trafficking have not been well-recognised or documented, there is extremely limited reliable data on the health needs of trafficked persons to inform policy and practices.. Brazilian policy-makers and service providers should be encouraged to learn about the likely range of health impacts of trafficking, and incorporate this into anti-trafficking protection and response strategies. As well as prevention activities, the government, international and local organisations should work together with the public health research community to study the health needs of trafficked persons and explore opportunities to provide safe and appropriate services to victims in need of care.
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Putri, Esla Wira Yustisia, Mita Apriyana Sari, and M. Arief Hamdi. "OPTIMIZATION OF IMMIGRATION FUNCTIONS ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING THROUGH SELECTIVE POLICY." Journal of Law and Border Protection 3, no. 2 (December 12, 2021): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v3i2.276.
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Indonesia is involved in accelerating the mobilization of people between countries as a result of the rapid growth of globalization. However, the circulation of the world's population raises some serious problems, one of which is human trafficking. Human trafficking has become a successive problem in the international arena that has not been found to be resolved. International conventions and the Indonesian government have issued several regulations that are used to combat human trafficking. World problems that occur especially in border areas involve the role of immigration in neutralizing world crime, in this case the problem of human trafficking, which is reflected in the immigration function in Law No. 6 of 2011. This cross-border crime is a crucial problem that poses a challenge to immigration in particular. Indonesian immigration authorities in optimizing the selective policy. Selective Policy is one of the implementations of the immigration function in maintaining state security and upholding state sovereignty. This selective policy is used by immigration officers in carrying out their duties and functions to regulate the entry and exit of a person from a country, especially Indonesia.
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Wulandari, Setiawati, and Sumartini Dewi. "Trafficking crime policy in a philosophical, sociological and juridical perspective." South Florida Journal of Development 3, no. 4 (July 26, 2022): 4858–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n4-061.
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This study aims to discuss government policies in tackling the crime of trafficking as a criminal act that violates human rights. Trafficking is a transnational crime and Indonesia as a country with a large number of trafficking victims. Trafficking victims are women/children, various endemics are the reasons for the occurrence of Trafficking crimes against vulnerable groups based on social, economic, and cultural conditions. The method used in this research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. In dealing with the crime of trafficking, it is necessary to do it bilaterally/multilaterally. Various prevention efforts have been carried out by the government through law enforcement (penal) against perpetrators as well as a form of protection for victims such as providing compensation to both victims and their families. However, the lack of understanding and professionalism of law enforcement officers in dealing with the crime of trafficking has resulted in this crime not being able to be resolved optimally, so there needs to be an integrated handling of cases by prioritizing non-penal efforts and involving the community in crime prevention and control, namely through preventive and repressive efforts.
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Arnakim, Lili Yulyadi, and Muhammad Zulhadis. "RESPON KERAJAAN MALAYSIA TERHADAP PEMERDAGANGAN MANUSIA, 2010-2015." SEJARAH 30, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol30no1.10.
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This article aims at discussing the Malaysian government’s response towards human traffings in Malaysia from 2010-2015. The study was based on qualitative method by referring various data. The findings show that human traffing in Malaysia has been emeanated from various factors that include individual victims, themselves, or external factors. This human trafficking has to some extent, led to the emergence of negative perception, and tarnished the image of the country. As such the Malaysian government has introduced policy blueprints for combating the human trafficking. This blueprint is important to examine how serious is the government in combating the crossedcountryhuman trafficking. Law enforcement which has been carried out by the government agencies is one of the responses that was provided by the Government. With the strong collaboration from Anti trafficking council and anti migrants muggling (MAPO), enforcement agencies which have been perceived as commited and mutually assiting in the case of human trafficking issues. The government was severely critized by the USA in the human trafficking issues for being unable to exercise the standard requirements which was agreed among the USA. However due to enhancement and commited cooperation with Non-Governmnet Organizations, Malaysian government has attempted to provide the protection for vistims as coicided with meeting the USA reqirement and refine the better tier position of Malaysiain the world.
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Putra, Fikri Madani Tara, and Anindito R. Wiraputra. "IMMIGRATION POLICY IN EFFORTS TO ERADICATION AND PREVENTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING." Journal of Law and Border Protection 2, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v2i1.183.
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The large potential for transnational crime in Indonesia is a problem that needs to be addressed. In this case it is a problem of human trafficking, these problems are very complex and complicated to solve. This trafficking is usually aimed at children and women. There are so many modes used by these perpetrators, one of them is through sending illegal Indonesian Workers. The government began to move specifically in the field of immigration in carrying out efforts to combat human trafficking in violation of human rights, because immigration is the front guard in examining people who leave or enter Indonesian territory. Selective policy helps immigration parties in the Immigration Examination Site in selecting foreigners who enter the territory of Indonesia. And immigration also supervises the sending of Indonesian Workers abroad. This supervision is intended to avoid sendingillegal Indonesian Workers.
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Middleton, Ben, Georgios A. Antonopoulos, and Georgios Papanicolaou. "The Financial Investigation of Human Trafficking in the UK: Legal and Practical Perspectives." Journal of Criminal Law 83, no. 4 (March 4, 2019): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018319834364.
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A significant body of law and policy has been directed to organised crime generally, with Human Trafficking remaining high on the political agenda. This article conducts a contextualised study of Human Trafficking in the UK, examining the underpinning legal framework before drawing on the expertise of key professionals in the sector, who have been interviewed for this purpose. It is suggested that it is not so much the legal framework that is the problem, but rather there are a number of practical and policy-related considerations that the government should consider as part of their efforts to combat Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking.
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Suwetty, Awaliyah Muslimah, Kornelis Nama Beni, Titin Andri Wihastuti, and Asti Melani Astari. "Harapan korban trafficking terhadap dukungan pemerintah di Nusa Tenggara Timur - Indonesia: Studi kualitatif." FLOBAMORA 3, no. 1 (August 14, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46888/flobamora.v3i1.33.
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The problem of trafficking is a global problem that has a negative impact on the survival of victims. East Nusa Tenggara is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has been categorized as an emergency area for trafficking cases. The poverty and the limited employment opportunities in the NTT region are one of the factors in the increasing cases of trafficking. Trafficking victims need attention from the government for their survival. The role of government and stakeholders to victims of human trafficking is needed to protect and guarantee the rights of victims. This study aimed to explore the expectations of victims of human trafficking regarding government support in handling victims of human trafficking in East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia. This study used a phenomenological interpretive approach. Six participants were selected using purposive sampling method. Participants were invited to attend in-depth interviews guided by semi-structured interview guidelines. The interview then recorded then analyzed followed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The process began with reading the transcript repeatedly to find keywords from each participant, and then classified into categories and themes that have the same meaning. Five sub-themes were identified, including 1) freeing Indonesian workers from the dangers of trafficking, 2) completing the legal process of all cases in human trafficking, 3 ) preparing employment opportunities, 4) criminals in human trafficking were equally followed a legal process, 5) promoting socialization to the community. Social support from the government is essential. The government plays important role in capturing the hopes of victim, including restitution, compensation, rehabilitation and personal satisfaction in order to regain their rights. Furthermore, all policy makers, law enforcers, community organizations, professional organizations and researchers / academics should take adequate role in efforts to prevent trafficking cases.
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Saragih, Hendra Maujana, and Syifa Nur Islamiah. "KEBIJAKAN PENANGANAN KASUS HUMAN TRAFFICKING DI UKRAINA MELALUI PERAN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION." Jurnal Paradigma (JP) 8, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/jp.v8i1.2927.
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Human trafficking can be divided into three components related to: recruitment of people, ways of controlling people, and the purpose of exploitation. Ukraine is a country of origin and to a certain extent is a transit country for people who declare themselves in situations of slavery. Where in recent years Ukraine has become a destination country for victims of human trafficking, and also the case of human trafficking in the country of Ukraine is also increasingly widespread. IOM's mission in Ukraine is to continue to struggle in the face of the challenges of human trafficking, to assist the Government in improving the migration management system, and to create migrant health programs (inclusive and policy).Keywords: Human Trafficking, Ukraine, International Organization for Migration
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Bvirindi, Tawanda Ray, and Nigel Mxolisi Landa. "Exploring Policy Issues on the Trafficking of Women in Southern Africa with Reference to Zimbabwe." Africanus: Journal of Development Studies 46, no. 2 (October 26, 2017): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0304-615x/2662.
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Following the socio-economic and political problems that ensued after the Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) in Zimbabwe, instances of human trafficking previously unseen on a large scale have sparked a newfound interest among policy makers and researchers. This article examines the flawed system provided by the Zimbabwean Trafficking in Persons Act No. 4 of 2014 for the protection of victims of human trafficking. It argues that the “Palermo Protocol”—the international instrument against all trafficking in persons is well-equipped to assume greater responsibility in ensuring the protection of victims. Although the Palermo Protocol is a universal protocol; which should be contextualised to suit various scenarios in which trafficking occurs across the globe, it may still be reasonably interpreted as providing the core principles which are vital to the protection of vulnerable populations from trafficking. Over the long haul, a new Zimbabwean Act, re-aligned with the Palermo Protocol, yet flexible, anti-trafficking partnerships between the government, Non-governmental Organisations and Civil Society remain the most viable solutions to addressing this predicament.
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Wijaya, Muhamad Iskandar. "BIG DATA AS PREVENTION AND ERADICATION OF CRIMINAL ACTS ON HUMAN TRAFFICKING BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AT DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF IMMIGRATION." Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 2, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v2i2.59.
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Human trafficking Crimes is an action against the law of the perpetrators organized for the purpose of exploitation or result of exploited persons. The number of victims of the Criminal Trade Force case occurred, requiring the government to use modern ways and techniques to prevent, arrest and eradicate the perpetrators and victims of the Human Trafficking Criminal Act. The implementation of the Internet Of Things (IoT)-based Big Data in the government sector is an appropriate step by building a data center and integrated applications between the system cores with complex data exchanges to be utilized by the Ministry, The agency or stakeholders responsible for the prevention, arrest and Eradication of human Trafficking crimes. The mode of the perpetrators who have many variations so that the government needs a complex system implementation, with the application Of Big Data based on the Internet Of Things (IoT) is believed to be able to be a reliable system for prevention, arrest and eradication of human trafficking criminal cases . Each mode is recorded in the main database so that it can be used as an analytical material to conduct supervision, control and policy determinants to realize Clean and Good Government for government agencies, especially in Directorate General of Immigration
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Dolhan, Norliza, Zarina@Zairina Othman, and Nor Azizan Idris. "HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND HUMAN SECURITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: A CASE STUDY OF BANGLADESHI FOREIGN WORKERS IN MALAYSIA." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 6, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 136–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp136-155.
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Background and Purpose: In the modern globalisation epoch, security threats no longer concern the state’s hostilities, military operation, or nuclear proliferation. It involves non-traditional menaces like human trafficking, which is believed to escalate quickly. The goal of this research is to identify human trafficking activities and to reveal the experiences of victims in the Southeast Asia region, particularly in Malaysia.
Methodology: This study used a qualitative method through a case study approach. It involved an in-depth interview session with five primary informants (represented as Cases 1 to 5) who were the victims of human trafficking from Bangladesh, a government officer from related agency, two local academicians and a representative of Bangladesh foreign workers’ vending system company.
Findings: The study discovered that human trafficking crimes produce detrimental effects on the survival of the victims, especially on the economic and individual security aspect. Their wages are not fully paid and their freedom to socialize is restricted.
Contribution: This study calls for policy formulation and policy implementation to protect the interest and security of people despite their citizenship which is considered the most trustworthy, relevant and universal approach in rectifying these illegal activities within Southeast Asia region especially in Malaysia.
Keywords: Bangladesh, labour migration, human security, human trafficking.
Cite as: Dolhan, N., Othman, Z., & Idris, N. A. (2021). Human trafficking and human security in Southeast Asia: A case study of Bangladeshi foreign workers in Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 136-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp136-155
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Ayalew, Negesse Asnake. "Special Investigative Techniques For Human Trafficking Investigation In Ethiopia." International Journal of social Sciences and Economic Review 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36923/ijsser.v2i1.50.
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Purpose of the study: The police have the responsibility of balancing the protection of the public from harm with respecting the human right of the suspect during the prevention and investigation of crimes. However; it is difficult to strike absolute balances since it is determined based on government police is due process or crime control model especially the case of special investigation techniques, which are the covert means of investigation of serious crime and criminals based on the principles of legality, necessity, proportionality, and adequate safeguard. The purpose of this doctrinal article is to evaluate the role of special crime investigation techniques for drug trafficking in Ethiopia.
Methodology: Data were collected through document review and interview crime investigators, who were selected purposively since they have a direct relation. This is qualitative research and descriptive design. The collected data were analyzed thematically.
Findings: The findings of this research revealed that there are some provisions of special investigation techniques in FDRE criminal justice policy, anti-human trafficking, and smuggling of migrant proclamation. However, these legal bases are not comprehensive such as the types of special investigation techniques, who conduct it, and how long the requirements to conduct these were not answered.
Application: Therefore, the house of people representative should enact all-inclusive law on special investigation techniques for human trafficking in Ethiopia. The general attorney also should create awareness to the public about it.
Novelty: Human trafficking investigation is challenging ous in Ethiopia, and nobody studied it. Therefore, this study may use as reference material for students’; the government may use it as input for policy and lawmakers.
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Okogbule, Nlerum S. "Combating the “New Slavery” in Nigeria: An Appraisal of Legal and Policy Responses to Human Trafficking." Journal of African Law 57, no. 1 (February 27, 2013): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855313000028.
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AbstractThis article examines the legal and policy responses of the Nigerian government and other agencies to human trafficking, which is one of the central social and economic challenges facing the country today. After exploring the nature and dimensions of the practice, it argues that Nigeria's unenviable position as a country of origin, transit and destination in human trafficking, as well as the impact of the practice on the lives of the victims and adverse implications for the country's corporate image, make it imperative that effective measures are adopted to combat it. In this respect, while accepting that legal measures are important in achieving the objective, the article highlights some deficiencies in current efforts and suggests a multidimensional approach, with greater emphasis on the “push” and “pull” factors of human trafficking prevalent in the country, such as high levels of unemployment, poverty, inequality and marginalization.
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Aderemi, Raji, and Adedigba Adewole. "ADDRESSING HUMAN TRAFFICKING SCOURGE THROUGH COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY EDUCATION PROGRAMME." Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development 7, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jpid.1488.
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Purpose: Human trafficking is a fast growing international organized crime which is draining Nigeria of its vibrant and talented youths and the nation’s future leaders. In spite of the various strategies of stemming the menace, the business still persists due to the fact that the people living in the red-spot areas are not involved in the efforts towards tackling the menace. Hence, the adoption of community-based participatory education programmes involving the study’s residents’ full participation to address the menace.
Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative and qualitative approach involving Focus Group Discussion (FGD) using one hundred and sixty participants selected through cluster sampling technique in two locations of Shaki and Ago-Amodu of Oyo State, Nigeria. Two research questions and one hypothesis were employed and analysed through the use of Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) statistical test.
Findings: Among other findings, this study identified poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, lack of stiffer policy by the government as factors encouraging human trafficking menace. However, it is recommended that the government should pass and implement stiffer policy such as life imprisonment for offenders and organization of regular educational training that would involve the people living in the communities notable for the act to broaden their knowledge towards the evils of human trafficking. Also the youths should form strong vanguard towards monitoring the activities of the traffickers and embark on public awareness programme to eradicate the menace in their communities.
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Hafrida, Hafrida, Nelli Herlina, and Zulham Adamy. "The Protection of Women and Children as Victims of Human Trafficking in Jambi Province." Jambe Law Journal 1, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jlj.1.2.207-230.
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The research aims at studying the policy of the Regional Government in protecting the victims of human trafficking, especially females and children. This legal research is based on an empirical study at Regional Police (POLDA), P2TP2A, and Social Services office in Jambi Province. The Law Number 35/2014 on the Amendment of The Law Number 23/2002 on Child Protection provides a greater portion for the Regional Government to take active roles in providing child protection and Presidential Regulation Number 69/2008 about Task Force Prevention and Handling the Criminal Act of Trafficking Victim. Using analysis of descriptive qualitative, it is learned that the handling of the women and children as victims of trafficking remain partially. The responsible institutions have not well-coordinated because a task force as commissioned by Presidential Regulation number 69/2008. The results show that Jambi Province has passed Jambi Province Regional Regulation Number 2/2015 on Prevention and Handling of Human Trafficking towards Females and Children. However, the study also shows that the regulation has not been applied by related parties since Governor’s regulation as implementing regulation is inexistent.
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Philippova, Natalya I. "Israel and apartheid: Opinion of human rights NGOs, and Israeli Government denials." Asia and Africa Today, no. 11 (2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750020143-9.
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Between 2019 and early 2022 more than 15 human rights NGOs have brought accusations against Israel regarding the presence of signs of apartheid both in the territory of the State of Israel and in the occupied territories. Based on documents of international law (the International Convention against the Crime of Apartheid and the Rome Statute), NGOs (national and international) have presented in a number of reports why the reality in which the Palestinian people live should be called apartheid. Although the term ‘apartheid’ has no geographic reference, its use for systems established outside of South Africa is very rare and highly controversial. However, accusations against Israel, which have been going on for a long time, are gaining popularity and are also reflected in the reports of the Special Rapporteurs on the situation of human rights in the occupied Palestinian territories, which are mainly based on data provided by NGOs. Israel contends that these accusations are false and have nothing to do with reality. Thus, the Israeli authorities have repeatedly stated that in this way human rights organizations promote hate, incitement, violence, and terror. Despite the tendentious nature of the information, NGOs have a significant impact on the image of the Jewish state and on public opinion in the context of supporting the Palestinian people’s right to self-determination, although they will not make changes to Israel’s policy.
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Macklin, Audrey. "Dancing across Borders: ‘Exotic Dancers,’ Trafficking, and Canadian Immigration Policy." International Migration Review 37, no. 2 (June 2003): 464–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00145.x.
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This article analyzes a Canadian immigration program that authorizes issuance of temporary work visas to ‘exotic dancers.’ In response to public criticism that the government was thereby implicated in the transnational trafficking of women into sexual exploitation, Citizenship and Immigration Canada retained the visa program de jure but eliminated it de facto. Using a legal and discursive analysis that focuses on the production of female labor migrants variously as workers, as criminals and as bearers of human rights, the article argues that the incoherence of Canadian policy can only be rendered intelligible when refracted through these different lenses. The article concludes by considering policy options available to the state in addressing the issue.
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Mandic, Danilo. "Trafficking and Syrian Refugee Smuggling: Evidence from the Balkan Route." Social Inclusion 5, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i2.917.
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As of March 2016, 4.8 million Syrian refugees were scattered in two dozen countries by the civil war. Refugee smuggling has been a major catalyst of human trafficking in the Middle East and Europe migrant crises. Data on the extent to which smuggling devolved into trafficking in this refugee wave is, however, scarce. This article investigates how Syrian refugees interact with smugglers, shedding light on how human smuggling and human trafficking interrelated on the Balkan Route. I rely on original evidence from in-depth interviews (n = 123) and surveys (n = 100) with Syrian refugees in Jordan, Turkey, Greece, Serbia, and Germany; as well as ethnographic observations in thirty-five refugee camps or other sites in these countries. I argue that most smugglers functioned as guides, informants, and allies in understudied ways—thus refugee perceptions diverge dramatically from government policy assumptions. I conclude with a recommendation for a targeted advice policy that would acknowledge the reality of migrant-smuggler relations, and more effectively curb trafficking instead of endangering refugees.
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Moss, Dana, Zoe Gutzeit, Ranit Mishori, Nadav Davidovitch, and Dani Filc. "Ensuring migrants’ right to health? Case of undocumented children in Israel." BMJ Paediatrics Open 3, no. 1 (December 2019): e000490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2019-000490.
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After 18 years of providing government-subsidised medical insurance for children of undocumented migrants, the Israeli Ministry of Health (MOH) decided in 2018 to abruptly reverse its policy. Many children will have access to medical care only in cases of emergency. The policy change is set to potentially impact several thousands of children currently living or born in Israel. The non-profit, humanitarian sector is already seeing the impact on undocumented migrant children, with dozens of families reaching out to Physicians for Human Rights Israel to seek help accessing care for their children. These policy changes seem to be politically motivated, aiming to exclude undocumented communities from the public healthcare system as part of a general strategy of encouraging them to leave Israel. Such actions are antithetical to public health, human rights and medical ethics considerations. The Israeli Medical Association is beginning to challenge the stance of the MOH. To conform to international guidelines—both legal and medical—government ministries and relevant official bodies must follow the advice of the medical community to ensure respect for the right to health.
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Hynes, Patricia. "Exploring the Interface between Asylum, Human Trafficking and/or ‘Modern Slavery’ within a Hostile Environment in the UK." Social Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11060246.
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While the drivers and processes of forced migration may overlap for people seeking refuge or experiencing human trafficking, responses are invariably rooted in legislation and policy rather than empirical enquiry. In the UK, tightening of legislation around asylum has, for the past three decades, resulted in a ‘hostile environment’. During this time, a discourse around human trafficking (also referred to as ‘modern slavery’ in the UK) has emerged. This paper looks at asylum and human trafficking in the UK to consider a fractioning of protection and resulting fractioning of support for basic needs and welfare provision, provided through the establishment of parallel systems of support for both populations. This paper explores the distinctions, interface, key points of contact, and disconnects between asylum and trafficking in the UK. It details the trajectory of asylum policy, provides an overview of the pre-history to the hostile environment, the impacts of fractioning refugee protection, and what this means for trust as a result. It is argued that trust is an essential component of UK government policies but that the trajectory of asylum policy from a focus on integration to a culture of hostility runs directly counter to efforts to identify ‘victims’ of ‘modern slavery’.
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Caroine, Norma. "The Koreanization of the Australian Sex Industry: A Policy and Legislative Challenge." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 26, no. 3 (December 31, 2011): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps26302.
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South Korea enacted Legislation in 2004 that penalizes pimps, traffickers, and sex industry customers while decriminalizing people in prostitution and offering assistance to leave the sex industry. In contrast, Australia Legally recognizes most sex industry activities. This article argues that Australia`s Laissezfaire approach to the sex industry hampers South Korean government efforts to prevent the crime of sex trafficking. Since 2004, pimps and traffickers have moved their activities from South Korea to countries like Australia and the US that maintain relatively hospitable operating environments for the sex industry. The Australian government should reconsider its approach to prostitution on the basis of its diplomatic obligations to countries Like South Korea and the need to uphold the human rights of women in Asia who are being trafficked and murdered as a result of sexual demand emanating from Australia. Australia should coordinate its policy on prostitution with South Korea to strengthen the region`s transnational anti-trafficking response.
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Karina, K., and Maidah Purwanti. "INDONESIA'S NATIONAL POLICY ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION." Journal of Law and Border Protection 3, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v3i1.213.
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This paper attemps to explain national policies that provide protection for refugees, human trafficking, and protection for foreign workers in an international context. Migration can occur because of the desire of the person or forced circumstances that make a person have to migrate. Migration is generally carried out by a person or group of people who want to get a more decent life by looking for a more decent job in another country. On the other hand, other factors cause disease, natural disasters, outbreaks of disease, and high crime rates in their home countries. Therefore, the role of the government through law enforcement officials and related public officials must coordinate well, firmly and fairly in enforcing the law. The results of this study indicate that the fact that the statement of the government in implementing its policies is that the government implements the policy is good or not. As smart as someone who makes policies, will always be smarter for someone who wants to violate the policy.
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Jeyabalan, Renuka, and Rohaida Nordin. "Protection of the Rights of the Victims of Human Trafficking: Has Malaysia done Enough?" Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights 3, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v3i2.9231.
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Human trafficking is a grave threat to human rights. Statistic shows that yearly almost thousands of men, women and children grieve in the hand of traffickers as human trafficking victim, in their own countries or abroad. Thus, there is a need for Malaysia to take the necessary step to combat human trafficking and at the same time to provide effective protection for victims of trafficking as enacted under the Malaysian Anti-Trafficking in Persons and Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Act 2007 (ATIPSOM 2007). The first part of this research examines the international law standards on human rights protection of the victim of human trafficking while the second part analyses any legal and policy measures adopted within the Malaysian context. In this analysis, attention will be made on numerous protection mechanisms such as provision for a shelter, or a place of refuge, appointment of Protection Officers, medical treatment, right to work and safe repatriation. This research further examines and assesses the adequacy and effectiveness of the current measures and laws especially in terms of their enforcement by the relevant enforcement bodies. Analysis on the existing legal framework within other ASEAN States, including Indonesia, is also done so as to provide relevant best practices for consideration and adoption by the Malaysian government. In conclusion, this research provides a number of solutions to address the problems and challenges within the existing legal framework in Malaysia with the ultimate aim at providing better protection for the victims of human trafficking.
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Rupita, Rupita, Herlan Herlan, Zakiah Hassan Gaffar, Syarifah Ema Rahmaniah, and Nikodemus Niko. "Human Trafficking during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Border Land Malaysia-Indonesia, West Kalimantan." Jurnal Masyarakat Maritim 5, no. 2 (March 6, 2022): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jmm.v5i2.4065.
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The covid-19 pandemic threatens public health alone, therefore most governments in various countries in the world affected by covid-19 take steps in the form of mobility restriction policies to prevent the spread of the virus in the community this also applies in Indonesia. Restrictions on people's mobility make the problems experienced by the community more complex and difficult to control, the number of mass layoffs becomes a trigger for high unemployment in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods. Data collection is done through an online repository, by filtering keywords in search; criminal acts of trafficking, women migrant workers, protection of migrant workers and handling of trafficking cases in the period of emigrants. Each author is tasked with collecting data based on search keywords. Based on the results of research, the high unemployment rate in the pandemic period became one of the main triggers for the criminal act of trafficking in persons. The situation of female migrant workers working abroad is increasingly complex because some of them are undocumented and some have been over-stayers. There are currently around 6 to 8 million Indonesian migrant workers abroad and the majority of them are women. Cases of human trafficking in the border region during the COVID-19 pandemic increased with economic mode. The closure of cross-border postal access is not effective enough in suppressing cases of trafficking at the country's borders. Various efforts have been made by the Indonesian government ranging from implementing policies to efforts to cooperate with various stakeholders — namely the government as regulators, policy makers, as well as law enforcement, and private parties as business actors / recruiters of labor and banking, as well as civil society institutions that are the driving force – to seek protection for Indonesian migrant workers abroad.
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Syarief, Elza, and Ibnu Kholdun. "Pelaksanaan Penghapusan Perdagangan Perempuan dan Anak Di Kabupaten Bintan." Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v5i1.815.
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The thesis discussed the effectiveness of task force of the efforts to the removal of trade women and boy who is victims of human . Various policies which created a government pertaining to crimes trade women and children , basically the policy made relatively comprehensive , starting from the constitution of 1945 to regulations below.
Effort task force against the removal of trade women and children is currently still less effective. This can be seen from there are still many the cases of trafficking of women and children. Efforts task force made in to reduce and a handle human trafficking as a form of prevention to be victims , done by means of coordination , socialization , rehabilitation and reintegrated.
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Nath, Rupamjyoti, and Manjit Das. "Women Trafficking Problem in Assam." International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 10, no. 3 (July 2021): 12–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2021070102.
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The increasing numbers of newspaper reports on disappearing women from the north eastern state of Assam and especially from the economically backward areas of the state in recent years deserve close attention from both researchers' points of view as well as policy-level intervention of the larger community along with the government. This study makes an attempt to operate upon the menace area through the scalpel of game theory under the light of both primary and secondary data collected from the study area. It is an attempt to outline conscious human behaviour that leads to crimes such as women trafficking and identify the parameters controlling or affecting which types of crimes can be controlled. In order to do so, different distinct entities associated with the problem have been considered as different players leading to the concluding indication of prevailing flaws in the legal system of the country along with lack of employment opportunities and mass ignorance about the problem in hand among common people as the major reasons.
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McReynold, MaryAnne. "The Trafficking Victims Protection Act: Has the Legislation Fallen Short of its Goals?" Policy Perspectives 15, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v15i1.4152.
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This analysis examines the immigration status that the United States government affords to individuals who are willing to meet the requirements of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, commonly known as the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA). This article presents the legislative history of the TVPA with an emphasis on the factors that heighten the tension between the interests of trafficking victims and those of the government. Available immigration relief is not truly "relief" unless it is accessible to those who need it, that is, those for whom Congress designated this type of visa status. Likewise, legislation that designates an action as criminal is fruitless unless it provides for effective investigations and enforcement. As crucial as it is to punish and deter traffickers, the special nature of this crime necessitates that the victims, who are central to the role of law enforcement, receive ample protection. In conclusion, the author suggests seven policy recommendations to improve the government's ability to punish and deter human traffickers while protecting the victims of these crimes.
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Fuentes Alcalá, Mario Luis, Cristina Hernández Engrandes, and Sara Getzemani Alcay Méndez. "Situaciones de vulnerabilidad en personas en movilidad y personas locales frente a la trata de personas en el municipio de Tapachula en el contexto de las caravanas migrantes 2018-2019." Frontera norte 34 (January 1, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rfn.v1i1.2191.
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The objective of this article is to describe the vulnerability situations to the possibility of becoming human trafficking victims for both the mobile and the resident population in the municipality of Tapachula, Chiapas during October 2018 to July 2019, period in which the first caravans occurred on the border between Tapachula, Chiapas and Tecún Umán, Guatemala. It’s the result of a qualitative approach research that has as analytical axes the category vulnerability and the legal framework to confront human trafficking in Mexico, and it’s based on records of field observations in institutions for the protection of migrants and victims of gender violence and in interviews with key informants in Chiapas and in Mexico City. The main conclusion of this work is that the juncture resulting from the response of the Mexican government to the caravans, the austerity policy implemented by the Mexican government and the problems derived from an institutional design that operates without adherence to the legal framework and with exceeded capacities, derived in situations of unprecedented or intensified vulnerability for the populations mentioned above.
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Anggia, Utami Dewi, and Rezasyah Teuku. "Indonesian Migrant Domestic Workers and Sustainable Development Goals: Feasible Policy and Practices." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 09017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187309017.
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The issue of Indonesian migrant domestic workers is still a homework that need to be prioritized by the government. The problematic management, include the lack of legal-based protection, have resulted in many unfortunate cases and conditions of migrant workers. Many of them are prone to unequal treatments, mental and physical abuse, even human trafficking. The Indonesian government currently addresses a policy of zero migrant worker roadmap, which has brought up many critics mentioning how the policy is discriminatory and violates the rights to economy of the workers. By using a qualitative approach of method, this paper aims to discuss the possibility of solutions that will generate an inclusive framework of to eradicate inequalities posed by Indonesian migrant domestic workers, by briefly highlighting the case of Sumba Barat Daya as the second largest migrant workers sender in Nusa Tenggara Timur. Under the Sustainable Development Goals framework, from policy approach, this paper suggests the government of Indonesia to focus more on the skill and capacity building of migrant workers, by also imposing the social protection approach towards them.
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Arhin, Antonela. "Conceptualizing child labour trafficking and exploitation: The case of Roma children in Montenegro." Temida 15, no. 3 (2012): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1203161a.
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Trafficking of children for labour exploitation is a profit-oriented criminal activity by which children are recruited, transported, harboured or received for the purpose of labour exploitation irrespective of whether or not force, abduction, fraud or other means were used. This paper examines child labour trafficking in the context of human rights violations and as the worst form of child labour. In an attempt to situate the discourse of alleged labour exploitation and trafficking of Roma children in Montenegro, focusing in particular on instances of child begging, this paper offers an overview of the international legal framework as well as the Government of Montenegro?s policy framework relevant to this issue; an analysis of implicated historical, familial and cultural structures; and focuses on identifying root causes in terms of push-pull factors that are associated with enhancing children?s vulnerability and proneness to exploitation. Along with a set of recommendations, in closing, the paper calls for a more sophisticated analysis of child labour trafficking and, in the case of Roma children, a more nuanced understanding of historical and cultural pretexts against the backdrop of labour trafficking.
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van Kampen, Catherine, Elizabeth M. Zechenter, Sophia Murashkovsky Romma, and Robert Jeffrey Powell. "A Survey of Immigration Models and Refugee Protection Schemes and their Consequences: The Case of Ukrainian Refugees." Journal of Human Trafficking, Enslavement and Conflict-Related Sexual Violence 3, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 141–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/266644722x16710255213792.
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After its illegal occupation and annexation of Crimea in 2014 and continued military support for separatists in the Donbas, Russia escalated its war against Ukraine in February 2022 with direct ground attacks by Russian military forces on Ukraine's eastern, northern and southern borders, a blockade of Ukraine's coast and aerial attacks throughout the country. Millions of Ukrainians fled, including thousands of international students residing in Ukraine. Countries around the world responded to the resulting refugee crisis with varying policies. Many of Ukraine's neighboring countries enacted model immigration laws and developed various support schemes. Some governments, such as in Poland and the European Union (EU), immediately granted Ukrainian refugees the right to live, work, obtain access to education and receive benefits comparable to those to which their own citizens are entitled and created a generous and protective immigration model that attempts to prevent human trafficking and other forms of exploitation. Other countries geographically removed from the conflict used different models, including some with a private sponsorship component that, despite the best of intentions, may in retrospect be exposing refugees to the dangers of human trafficking and exploitation.<br/> Ukrainian refugees – also referred to as internally displaced persons (IDPs) if still remaining in Ukraine or as parolees if attempting to enter the United States (US) – seeking entry into the United Kingdom (UK) or US are required to find a private sponsor who accepts financial responsibility for them during their stay in their host country. In the UK, private sponsors are paid a monthly stipend, while in the US, private sponsors are not paid but actually contract with the US government to be financially responsible for the persons whom they are sponsoring. By contrast, Ukraine's neighbors, including Poland, with notably less economic and fiscal resources than either the UK or the US, have no private sponsorship requirement.<br/> Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukrainians have been a vulnerable population subjected to human trafficking – a situation exacerbated by Russia's current war against their country. In the first weeks of the war, credible firsthand and in-real-time reports by Ukrainian- and Russian-speaking attorneys and human rights advocates quickly emerged that describe Ukrainian women refugees utilizing online dating platforms, social media sites and online chat rooms to find private sponsors in the UK and the US. While this government policy requiring private sponsorship appeared to be a prudent means for vetting refugees, burden-sharing and shifting the hosting costs away from taxpayers and governments' ledgers, the policy has unintended consequences. Refugee and human trafficking experts state that the private sponsorship requirement compels Ukrainian refugees, 90-plus percent of whom are women and children, to 'market' themselves – often online – to potential private sponsors in the UK and US, thereby exposing themselves to human traffickers. This policy has potentially – albeit unintentionally – increased, exacerbated and even facilitated the human trafficking of Ukrainian refugees, an already vulnerable population experiencing a precariously heightened risk for physical, sexual and economic exploitation due to their growing desperation for physical safety.<br/> This article, written from the practitioners' perspective, discusses how the private sponsorship requirement for Ukrainian refugees is potentially increasing the risk of human trafficking for an already at-risk population, unnecessarily jeopardizing their safety and further stripping them of their human dignity. The unintended consequences of private sponsorship demonstrate that such a requirement in a wartime scenario is ill-conceived, inappropriate and dangerous public policy and, dare it be said, potentially exploitative.
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Maryasis, D. A. "Israel and Migration of High Skilled Workforce: Brain Drain and the Possibility of Replenishing the Market with High-Quality Human Capital." MGIMO Review of International Relations 12, no. 4 (September 9, 2019): 201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2019-4-67-201-215.
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International labor migration is one of the most important elements of the modern global economy. Amid growing knowledge economy, migration of highly skilled specialists plays an increasingly important role. For Israel, as an immigrant society, migration issues have been of paramount importance since the early days of the independent state. However, in the first decades the discussion focused mainly around the influence of immigrants on the economic development of the country and identification of the most effective ways to adapt immigrants. At present, the Israeli economic model is built in such a way that the institutions of the knowledge economy are at its core, that requires a significant amount of labor with an appropriate level of skills. At the same time, today Israel witnesses emigration of such specialists, mainly to the United States. This paper is devoted to the analysis of the current situation. The article substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic not only for Israel, but also for other economically developed countries and gives a brief bibliographic review in the field. Next, the author analyzes the tendencies of high skilled work force immigration to Israel at the present stage through the analysis of the supply and demand in the country's labor market in the high-tech sector and assessment of the government programs created to attract foreign non-Jewish specialists to the country which appear to be not effective. The article also deals with the problems of emigration of high skilled workers from Israel. An overview of the magnitude of the phenomenon is given based on international comparisons; main reasons of the trend are identified and analyzed; government programs for the return of compatriots are assessed. It is argued that Israel should pursue a more effective policy to attract highly skilled non-Jewish immigrants into the country, which will fully realize the existing positive externalities and dampen the problem of brain drain.
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Greer, Benjamin. "Who’s Watching the Watchdog?: Are the Names of Corporations Mandated to Disclose under the California Transparency in Supply Chain Act Subject to a Public Records Request?" Slavery Today Journal 1, no. 1 (2014): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22150/stj/zjol3088.
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Trafficking is a highly dynamic and fluid criminal phenomenon. Determined traffickers react remarkably well to consumer demand and under-regulated economic sectors and easily adapt to legislative weaknesses. Corporate globalization of manufacturing and storefronts is contributing to human trafficking; aiding in forced labor in becoming the fastest growing and the third most widespread criminal enterprise in the world. As technology advances, allowing greater and easier access to goods from more remote countries, vulnerable populations become easier targets for traffickers to exploit. Understanding U.S. markets are key destinations for goods, enlightened states are looking to bolster their anti-trafficking criminal codes by requiring businesses to better clarify their efforts to discourage human trafficking/forced labor within their supply chains. The California State Legislature has begun an aggressive approach aimed at fostering greater public awareness of slave labor by requiring certain businesses to clearly articulate their anti-trafficking/anti-forced labor policies. California was the first government – local, state or federal - to codify mandatory policy disclosures. The California Transparency in Supply Chains Act of 2010 requires businesses domiciled in California and earning more that $100 million to conspicuously disclose on their publically accessed webpage, what policies, if any, they have implemented to detect and fight slave labor. The legislature intended to equip the common consumer with the needed information to effectively hold businesses accountable for human rights abuses. In order for the public to properly hold businesses accountable for their labor practices, it is essential the names of business subject to the disclosure be made public. The California Public Records Act should be a tool for concerned consumers and advocates to obtain the statutory list of affected companies.
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Groen, Afke. "Loose Coordination or Ideological Contestation? Transnational Party Activities of German Political Parties on the EU Military Operation EUNAVFOR Med." Foreign Policy Analysis 16, no. 4 (September 26, 2020): 608–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fpa/oraa004.
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Abstract This article examines cross-national coordination on foreign and security policy among political parties of the same family. Drawing on resource dependence theory, it presents a case study of German political parties and their transnational activities on the controversial EU military operation to combat human trafficking in the Mediterranean Sea, EU Naval Force Mediterranean. The article finds evidence for transnational information exchange and coordination among the opposition parties, radical left and the greens, but less so among the government party, social democrats. The degree of transnational party activities can be understood by not only the extent to which parties share a common view in the first place but also the different resource needs of the government and opposition parties.
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Ardhana, I. ketut. "HISTORY EDUCATION IN BORDERLINE TERRITORY." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 14, no. 1 (April 6, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v14i1.1907.
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Indonesian government policies that emphasize economic growth and national stability, characterized by authoritarian and centralized government in the past, inflict a disparity in regional growth. The control of central government to the region, seems to disturb the sense of justice and the welfare of the people on the borderline territory which are considered retarded, isolated, and marginalized. Moreover, the increasing of smuggling, human trafficking, and terrorism has been disturbing the sense of historical awareness in relation to the issue of nationality. It started from reform era followed by regional autonomy policy gives space to the region government to balance the local development. This article discussed, first: The importance of History education in borderline territory, Second: ethnic historical concept and regional studies in borderline territory, third: ethnical integration based on sociocultural aspect of national character reinforcement in borderline, and fourth: history education development to increase the competitiveness, which also expected to strengthen the nationalism in borderline territory.
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Subandi, Yeyen, Ananda Dewin Ikhtiarin, Harits Dwi Wiratma, Maria Veri Diana Baun Yue, Tanti Nurgiyanti, Ariel Nethan, Diansari Solihah Amini, Viola Marsela Agustin, and Bagus Subekti Nuswantoro. "Harm Reduction and War on Drugs in Indonesia During Joko Widodo Era." Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 1, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v1i2.591.
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Narcotics is a form of transnational crime. From the practice of narcotics crime, many victims of the nation's generation. Circulation and abuse of narcotics are some of the problems facing the world, including Indonesia. Estimated data on narcotics users in Indonesia is between 3.7-4 million people (National Narcotics Agency). Various efforts have been made by the Indonesian government to break the chain of narcotics trafficking and abuse through international collaboration with the Harm Reduction (HR) program. The era of President Joko Widodo (Jokowi) of the Indonesian government was more towards the "War on Drugs" policy. The success of the Harm Reduction program by the previous government, namely reducing the number of HIV/AIDS transmission among narcotics users. The rejection of the declaration of the War on Drugs against the Jokowi regime which failed in the first period. In this study, the theory of international regimes and the concept of human security will be used as well as bibliometric analysis methods with VOSviewer software.
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Simkhada, P., E. Van Teijlingen, A. Sharma, P. Bissell, A. Poobalan, and S. P. Wasti. "Health consequences of sex trafficking: A systematic review." Journal of Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2018): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmmihs.v4i1.21150.
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Background: Sex trafficking is one of the most common forms of human trafficking globally. It is associated with health, emotional, social, moral and legal problems. The victims of sex trafficking when returned home are often ignored. This study aimed to explore the health consequences of sex trafficking among women and children.Methods: Medline EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL were systematically searched, from date of inception to July 2016 using a combination of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and text words on health risks and consequences of sex trafficking. Electronic searches were supplemented by searching the reference lists of included papers and citation tracking. Both Qualitative and quantitative primary studies published in English and exploring health-related problems among sex trafficked women and children were included in this review. Health outcomes considered were: physical, psychological or social risks and consequences of sex trafficking among women and children. No restrictions were applied to geographical regions as sex trafficking involves victims being trafficked between different countries, and within countries. Data were extracted and study quality independently appraised by two reviewers and narrative synthesis was conducted for this review.Results: A total of fifteen articles were included covering health risks and well-being related to sex trafficking. Sexual and physical violence among victims such as rape and repetitive stress and physical injuries were common. The prevalence of STI (sexually transmitted infections) and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) was also reported as high. Being trafficked at a young age, having been in brothels for a longer period and sexual violence and forced prostitution were linked with a higher risk for HIV infection. Physical health problems reported included headaches, fatigue, dizziness, back pain, memory problem, stomach pain, pelvic pain, gynaecological infections, weight loss, lesions or warts, unwanted pregnancies and abortions. The studies on mental health reported that depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were commonly reported health consequences among sex trafficking victims.Conclusion: there is a compelling need for interventions raising awareness about sex trafficking among young girls and women most at risk of being trafficked. Most studies in this review have focussed on the physical health problems of the trafficked victims although there is also remarkable mental burden amongst those victims. Key policy makers, government officials, public health officials, health care providers, legal authorities and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) should be made aware about the health risks and consequences of trafficking. Trafficking consequences should be recognised as a health issue and all the sectors involved including regulating bodies should collaborate to fight against sex trafficking. Due to the heterogeneity of the articles, no meta-analysis could be conducted.JMMIHS.2018;4(1):130-150
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Meydani, Assaf. "The role of bureaucrats in designing policy outcomes: the case of the 2002 General Security Service (GSS) Law." International Journal of Law in Context 11, no. 1 (March 2015): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552314000366.
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AbstractSince the 1980s, and mainly since the 1990s, studies in politics and law have adopted an economic attitude to explaining judicial behaviour. In contrast, this paper follows the individualistic approach by focusing on the role of individuals in bureaucracies in designing policy outcomes, using political entrepreneurship and new institutionalism as its theoretical framework. In describing a specific institutional change in Israel – the passage of the General Security Service Law in 2002 – I maintain that this institutional change is an equilibrium that resulted from the actions of empowered military bureaucrats acting as political entrepreneurs who sought to maximise their own political assets in the light of certain structural and cultural conditions, both local and international. The institutional arena was characterised by the inability of the government to function effectively (non-governability), enhanced judicialisation, the dominance of security issues in Israel, and the development of a unique shared mental model of alternative political culture. However, it was still open to changes based on new liberal attitudes about human rights. Thus, politicians influence and are influenced by a wide range of institutional norms and practices in a complex process of changes in institutional design.
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Weatherburn, Amy, and Yvonne Eloise Mellon. "Child trafficking victims and legal guardians: Exploring the fulfilment of the EU trafficking directive in the context of the UK modern Slavery Act 2015 – Best practice or not fit for purpose?" New Journal of European Criminal Law 10, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2032284419836510.
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Child victims of trafficking are recognized as particularly vulnerable victims, who require additional protection and support and a more rigorous legal framework. The regional anti-trafficking instruments 1 explicitly enforce the importance of protecting child trafficking victims, requiring Member States to ‘appoint a guardian or a representative for a child victim of trafficking in human beings from the moment the child is identified by the authorities’. 2 The problem of child trafficking and exploitation has received increased attention in England and Wales in recent years, with record number of minors referred to the National Referral Mechanism in 2016. Running parallel to this are the apparent failings of the domestic social care system to safeguard not only trafficked children but also those who are seeking asylum or unaccompanied. Over a quarter of officially identified trafficked children were found to have gone missing between 2014 and 2015. 3 Across the United Kingdom when transposing the European Union (EU) legal framework, the Government maintained that existing provisions by local authorities under their statutory child protection obligations, including social workers and independent reviewing officers, fulfilled the guardian requirements in the Directive. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 has placed significant emphasis on reforming the approach to the protection for child trafficking victims, culminating in the introduction a specific statutory provision establishing Independent Child Trafficking Advocates (ICTAs). 4 Such a scheme is the first guardian of its kind, designed specifically for child trafficking victims in Europe. Taking into account the recent evaluation of pilot schemes, 5 and the slight variation in approach taken in the devolved jurisdictions of the United Kingdom, 6 this article will consider the extent to which the protection of child trafficking victims under the jurisdiction of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 is sufficient to fulfil the legal positive obligations imposed by EU Law. This article will demonstrate that as it stands the Modern Slavery Act 2015 fulfils the obligations of the EU Trafficking Directive in relation to the protection of child trafficking victims. However, its fully effective enforcement requires further efforts in policy to ensure that these legal obligations are implemented in practice.
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Murthy, Sharmila L., Mark Williams, and Elisha Baskin. "The Human Right to Water in Israel: A Case Study of the Unrecognised Bedouin Villages in the Negev." Israel Law Review 46, no. 1 (March 2013): 25–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223712000283.
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In the case 9535/06 Abadallah Abu Massad and Others v Water Commissioner and Israel Lands Administration (2011), the Israeli Supreme Court ruled that the right to water deserves constitutional protection under Israel's Basic Law: Human Dignity and Freedom. The Court also found support for the right to water under both international human rights law and Israeli statutory law. At the same time, the Court held that the right to water is not absolute but must be balanced against the rights of the state. The case was brought by residents of unrecognised Bedouin villages in the Negev, a desert region in southern Israel, who do not have access to household water. The Court found that in exercising its discretion regarding additional water access points, the Israeli Water Authority could consider the ‘illegal’ nature of these villages. Applying the criteria of reasonableness and proportionality, the Court ultimately affirmed the Israeli Water Authority's policy in unrecognised villages in the Negev. Despite this administrative deference, the invocation of constitutional and international human rights law raises the level of scrutiny that should be applied to a review of the Israeli Water Authority's exercise of discretion. The Court's opinion is coloured and influenced by long-standing land disputes between the indigenous Bedouin population and the State of Israel. Drawing on empirical research conducted in December 2011, the analysis attempts to place the Abu Massad decision in its proper historical and political context. The dispute over land in the Negev can be traced back to the days of the Ottoman Empire. More recent efforts by the Israeli government as set out in the Goldberg Report and the Prawer Plan, and the international community's response to these efforts, are discussed. In light of the history and current political context, it may be prudent for the Israeli Water Authority to re-assess the effectiveness of its existing water policy in unrecognised Bedouin villages in the Negev.
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Endang Komara, Ecep. "IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENCEGAHAN DAN PEMBERANTASAN PENYALAHGUNAAN DAN PEREDARAN GELAP NARKOBA (P4GN) OLEH BNNP DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA." Jurnal Manajemen Publik & Kebijakan Publik (JMPKP) 3, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36085/jmpkp.v3i1.1401.
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Abstract: DIY ranks first in drug trafficking among students, in general Jogja is in the top 8, the government has issued a P4GN policy according to INPRES No. 12 of 2011 but the implementation has not been maximimized therefore BNNP DIY as the National Narcotics Agency functions as the executor of the implementation of P4GN policy. In implementing P4GN policy among students in Yogyakarta, BNNP DIY as a representative of BNN in the regions do not make policies and programs according to regional conditions. However, BNNP as an extension of BNN is given the authority to determine the priority targets of the program through the implementation of technical guidance by inviting institutions and agencies that are within the scope of DIY. Implementation of the P4GN policy among students has not gone well, because the factors that are considered the most urgent in an implementation have not been fulfilled properly, especially in the field of human resources and budget availability, suggestions for adding extension agents in the prevention section and adding to the existing budget at BNNP DIY
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Urada, Lianne A., Melanie J. Nicholls, and Stephen R. Faille. "Homelessness at the San Diego Central Library: Assessing the Potential Role of Social Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 11, 2022): 8449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148449.
Full textAbstract:
Nationwide, public libraries are experiencing an increase in “on-premise” opioid overdoses and other issues (e.g., suicide attempts) affecting unstably housed library users. The public library presents a unique opportunity to access an otherwise hidden population. In partnership with the San Diego Central Library, researchers led focus groups, in-depth interviews, and surveys with 63 library patrons experiencing homelessness or housing instability (n = 49) and library staff (n = 14) (January–June 2019). Using a consensus organizing framework and mixed methods approach, the researchers conducted in-depth interviews exploring the library’s strengths and opportunities for patrons experiencing homelessness, the barriers to meeting their aspirations, and whether having a social worker at the library or other policy changes in government or the library could help. Specifically, participants answered inquiries about the opportunities for the library to address substance use and human trafficking. In brief surveys, library patrons and staff provided views on the patrons’ educational needs, library staff’s training needs, and changes needed in government or library policies. Results revealed the desire of the library patrons (69%) and staff (93%) to have a library social worker who could link patrons to housing services, substance use harm reduction or treatment, and address food-insecure youth/families and human trafficking/sexual exploitation. Participants also valued peer advocates with lived homelessness experiences. Over 70% of the unstably housed patrons said they would like library patrons to participate in peer leadership training. Other significant themes were the need for crisis prevention and intervention, connecting patrons to resources and each other, and creating consistent assistance. Libraries urgently need more on-premise support to address patrons’ pressing housing, health, and mental health needs.
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Ati, Nurul Umi. "The Collaboration Model of Stakeholders Perspective Implementation of Prostitutional Prevention and Handling Policy." Khazanah Sosial 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/ks.v4i2.17849.
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The phenomenon of human trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation has long been developed in various countries, including Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia. Prostitution prevention and handling efforts can be carried out by the government through the formulation of policies or regulations and implemented with a collaboration of various government actors and non-government actors, both national, regional, and local stakeholders. This research aims to study the collaboration model of stakeholders in the perspective of implementation of prostitutional prevention and to handle policy in Surabaya as the closure of Dolly, the largest prostitution area in Southeast Asia. In conclusion, state collaboration with the community in handling prostitution will be a strong root because here will create a synergy together to always supervise and seek mutual solutions in preventing and handling the problem of prostitution, so that can be an example for other local governments in making prevention and handling policies of prostitution in their region. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The first step is a survey to get research subjects. The survey was conducted using the snowball method. Researchers also evaluated several potential groups. Then the process is continued by using a SWOT analysis to determine the best pilot location. Participatory Focus Group Discussion and interviews to deepen the diagnosis. The diagnostic results are developed and compiled manually. This study found that the main causes of prostitution were mostly related to family problems, personal problems, the trauma of sexual harassment, and unemployment. The existence of teenagers who fall into prostitution is a social problem in society. The negative impact is moral degradation. Implications of research to strengthen the Social work profession to prevent prostitution and provide clear and factual information about the reasons why young people may fall into prostitution. This solution should involve both formal and informal institutions.
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Omoniyi, Kehinde Samuel. "Evaluation of Transborder Crimes in Nigeria." American Journal of Society and Law 2, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajsl.v2i1.1137.
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Transborder crimes are criminal activities that transverse borders of two or more countries. Notable crimes that flourish across Nigerian’s borders are illicit drug trafficking, Terrorism, proliferation of small arms and light weapons ( SALWs), Human trafficking, internet fraud, oil theft, smuggling of goods among others. All these activities have precipitated security and economic complications across West Africa sub region. The 2022 Global peace Index ranked Nigeria 143 among 163 independent Nations and Territories according to the level of peacefulness while Cato Institute a Washington DC based public policy research organization rated Nigeria as the most unsafe place on earth after Iraq. This phenomenal rise of criminal ratings of Nigeria had attracted local and international attentions of scholars, policy makers and governments. Thus, this study investigates Transborders crimes in Nigeria using qualitative research methodology by reviewing the existing literature and conducting in-depth interviews of 85 informants selected randomly from government establishments and among stakeholders in Nigeria. The study relied on rational choice theory and behavioural theory as theoretical frameworks. The study revealed that Transborder crimes thrive across the West African nations because of many factors which include but not limited to the implementation of ECOWAS protocol on free movement of persons and goods, porous borders, youth unemployment, poverty, poorly trained and ill-equipped security personnel, corruption, poor inter-agency coordination and collaboration. The study concluded that despite various measures by the Nigerian government and International organizations like ECOWAS, UNO, AU to checkmate the scourge, the desired results have not been achieved. The study therefore recommended effective border monitoring and management, job creation, community policing initiative, increased military actions and surveillance, among others as panacea to Transborder crimes detection, reduction and prevention.
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Khoury-Bisharat, Hala. "The Unintended Consequences of the Goldstone Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights Organizations in Israel." European Journal of International Law 30, no. 3 (August 2019): 877–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chz044.
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Abstract Scholarly writings on internationally constituted commissions of inquiry (COIs), as outlined in the introduction to this symposium, give inadequate attention to the effects that they might have on local disputes that these bodies are often created to address. The United Nations Fact-Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (2009), popularly known as the Goldstone Commission, had unintended and unforeseen consequences at the domestic level. Specifically, the Commission caused a severe backlash against human rights organizations in Israel (IsHROs). This article analyses the backlash against the Commission and the effect of that backlash on human rights organizations and human rights advocacy in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territory in the first few years after the release of the Goldstone report. This case study reveals how a government can use a COI intervention in an ongoing conflict to deflect criticism against it and to delegitimize local human rights organizations and, as a result, to intensify enemy–friend dynamics within a conflict. The findings of this case study thus challenge the assumption of much of the socio-legal literature that the interaction of international human rights institutions with domestic actors leads to positive human rights change. But the case study also adds a new dimension to the academic and policy literature that has been critical of the international human rights enterprise in recent years. Despite delegitimization campaigns, international funding has increased for many IsHROs, and, eventually, some groups have become even more visible and have enjoyed, internationally, a higher reputation and greater credibility. The Commission’s experience thus demonstrates that the establishment of COIs in deeply divided conflict societies can have negative, as well as positive, implications on human rights.