Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human tongue'
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Napadow, Vitaly J. 1971. "Intramural mechanics in the human tongue." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9595.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
Contraction of the tongue musculature during physiological motions (anterior protrusion, sagittal bending, swallowing) is associated with characteristic patterns of tissue deformation. Coupling knowledge of this tissue deformation with the underlying myoarchitecture offers the ability to explore complex structure-function relationships in the organ. In order to quantify strain in the human tongue, a non-invasive MRI tagging technique was used in combination with a fast asymmetric gradient echo imaging pulse sequence (TurboFLASH). This MRI technique discretize tissue into non-linear deforming elements. Individual elements were defined by selectively supersaturating bands of magnetic spins in resting tongue tissue along the antero-posterior and superiorinferior directions of the mid-sagittal plane, resulting in a rectilinear square grid. Axial and shear strains relative to the rest condition were determined for each element and represented by two-dimensional surface strain maps. Tongue myoarchitecture was studied with diffusion-tensor MRI. A slice select pulsed gradient stimulated echo pulse sequence was applied to derive the spatial diffusion tensor field in the tongue. Tensor eigenvectors and measures of anisotropy were used to derive a virtual anatomical atlas of the bovine tongue. During forward protrusion, the anterior tongue underwent positive antero-posterior strain ( elongation) and symmetrical negative medial-lateral and superiorinferior strain ( contraction). During sagittal bending directed to the hard palate, the tongue exhibited positive asymmetrical antero-posterior strain that increased radially as a function of distance from the center of curvature, with commensurate negative strain in the medial-lateral direction. Similarly, the magnitude of anterior-posterior strain during left-directed tongue bending was proportional to distance from the curved inner surface. The oral stage of the swallow was subdivided into an early accommodative phase, a late accommodative phase and a propulsive phase. For bolus accommodation, strain findings were consistent with contraction of the anteriorly located intrinsic muscles and the posteriorly located genioglossus and hyoglossus muscles. For bolus propulsion, strain findings were consistent with posterior passive stretch in the midline due to contractions of the laterally inserted styloglossus muscle, as well as contraction of posteriorly located intrinsic muscles. In conclusion, regulation of tongue deformation was related to regional activation of intrinsic and/or extrinsic lingual musculature, which was appreciated with 3D diffusion tensor visualization.
by Vitaly J. Napadow.
S.M.
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Kajee, Yaseen. "The biomechanics of the human tongue." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5525.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-148).
The human tongue is composed mainly of skeletal-muscle tissue, and has a complex architecture. Its anatomy is characterised by interweaving, yet distinct muscle groups. It is a significant contributor to the phenomenon of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). OSA is a pathological condition defined as the partial or complete closing of any part of the human upper airway (HUA) during sleep. OSA syndrome affects a significant portion of the population. Patients with OSA syndrome experience various respiratory problems, an increase in the risk of heart disease, a significant decrease in productivity, and an increase in motor-vehicle accidents [58]. The aim of this work is to report on a constitutive model for the human tongue, and to demonstrate its use in computational simulations for OSA. A realistic model of the constitution of the tongue and computational simulations are also important in areas such as linguistics and speech therapy [44]. The detailed anatomical features of the tongue have been captured using data from the Visible Human Project (VHP) [102]. The geometry of the tongue, and each muscle group of the tongue, are visually identified, and its geometry captured using Mimics [100]. Various image processing tools available in Mimics, such as image segmentation, region-growing and volume generation were used to form the three-dimensional model of the tongue geometry. Muscle fibre orientations were extracted from the same dataset, also using Mimics.The muscle model presented here is based on Hill’s three-element model for representation of the constituent parts of muscle fibres. This Hill-type muscle model also draws from recent work in muscle modelling, by Martins [88]. The model is implemented in an Abaqus user element (UEL) subroutine [24]. The transversely isotropic behaviour of the muscle tissue is accounted for, as well as the influence of muscle activation. The mechanics of the model is limited to static, small-strain, anisotropic, linear-elastic behaviour, and the governing equations are suitably linearized. The body position of the patient during an apneic episode is accounted for in the simulations, as well as the effect of gravity. The focus of this study is on tongue muscle behaviour under gravitational loading, simulating a simplified OSA event. Future models will incorporate airway pressure as well. The behaviour of the model is illustrated in a number of benchmark tests, and computational examples.
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Huo, Xueliang. "Tongue drive: a wireless tongue-operated assistive technology for people with severe disabilities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45887.
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The main objective of the presented research is to design, fabricate, fully characterize, and assess the usability and functionality of a novel wireless tongue-operated assistive technology, called Tongue Drive System (TDS), that allows individuals with severe physical disabilities (such as quadriplegics) to effectively access computers, drive powered wheelchairs, and control environments using their voluntary tongue motion. The system can wirelessly detect users' tongue movements using an array of magnetic sensors, and a magnetic tracer secured on the tongue, and translate them into a set of user-defined commands in real time, which can then be used to communicate with target devices in users' environment. The principal advantage of the TDS is that a combination of magnetic sensors and a small permanent magnet can capture a large number of tongue movements, each of which can represent one specific command. A set of dedicated tongue movements can be configured as specific commands for each individual user based on his/her preferences, lifestyle, and remaining abilities. As a result, this technology can benefit a wide range of potential users with different types of disabilities.
The work carried out in this dissertation is largely split into three portions: (1) Development, fabrication and characterization of external TDS (eTDS) prototypes to verify the concept of TDS that is detecting and extracting user's intention through their voluntary tongue motion, utilizing a combination of magnetic sensors and a small magnet, as well as the application of this idea in the context of assistive technology. This part of the work is presented in Chapters IV, V and VI. (2) Assessment of the TDS performance in medium term usage for both computer access and wheelchair control. The main purpose of this work was to gain valuable insight into the TDS learning process and its current limiting factors, which could lead the way in designing new generations of TDS with improved usability. This portion of the work is described in Chapter VII. (3) Development and performance assessment of a multimodal TDS (mTDS), that operates based on the information collected from two independent input channels: the tongue motion and speech. This multimodal system expands the access beyond one input channel and therefore improves the speed of access by increasing the information transfer bandwidth between users and computers. This part of the work is presented in Chapters VIII and IX.
This dissertation has contributed to the innovation and advancement of the start-of-the-art assistive technology research by exploring, realizing and validating the use of tongue motion as a voluntary motor output to substitute some of the lost arm and hand functions in people with severe disabilities for computer access, wheelchair navigation, and environmental control.
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Loizou, Christos. "Human papillomavirus in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, tonsillar and mobile tongue cancer." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Öron- näs- och halssjukdomar, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124792.
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This thesis focuses on the effects of the human papillomavirus (HPV) in tonsillar cancer, mobile tongue cancer, and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP). The purpose was to characterize patients with RRP in northern Sweden in order to identify more care-intensive RRP patients and to describe the voice and quality of life aspects that follow RRP. Further aims were to confirm the expected increase of HPV-positive tonsillar cancer cases in northern Sweden, and to study the correlation between HPV, its surrogate marker p16 and HPV receptor syndecan-1 in both tonsillar cancer and mobile tongue cancer. A total of 27 consecutive patients with RRP were evaluated at 3 months postoperatively using the voice handicap index (VHI) and SF-36 questionnaires to assess the impact on life and voice in a RRP population. The values were compared to normative data. This report was further extended by examining consecutive data from 21 new patients in order to characterize RRP patients in northern Sweden. In order to study HPV DNA in tonsillar (n= 65) and mobile tongue cancer (n=109), HPV DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded biopsies and detected by polymerase chain reaction using general primers Gp5+/6+ and CpI/IIG. Expression of HPV surrogate marker p16 and the HPV receptor syndecan-1 was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Patients that underwent more than one RRP surgery per year were younger than those treated less frequently and they had significantly impaired voice quality as compared to normal subjects. Females, patients with frequent surgical treatment sessions, and patients with the high-risk HPV subtypes scored significantly lower in several domains of the quality of life assessment as compared with normal subjects. Forty-eight RRP patients had a median age of 44.5 years; 71% were men and 29% females, preferentially infected with HPV6. Patients with high surgical treatment frequency/year showed more widespread RRP in the larynx compared to the patients treated less frequently. A total of 214 tonsillar cancer cases were identified. The vast majority were men. They had a median age of 58 years at diagnosis and expressed HPV as well as p16. The incidence of tonsillar cancer revealed a 2,7-fold increase in men between the years 1990 and 2013. The study demonstrates a strong association between p16 and HPV infection in tonsillar malignancies. These findings are in contrast to the mobile tongue cancer cases, where no evidence of HPV DNA could be detected although one-third showed p16 staining. This demonstrated a poor correlation between HPV and p16 in mobile tongue cancer. There was no difference in the expression of the primary HPV receptor, syndecan-1, between tonsillar and mobile tongue cancer. In conclusion, the frequency of RRP operations, age at onset, gender and subtype of the HPV may be used as factors to predict voice disability. RRP patients with high surgical treatment frequency were significantly younger and had a more widespread laryngeal disease compared to the low-frequency treated group. This study confirms the existence of a clinical RRP group, not primarily related to HPV subtype, but to a more care-intensive RRP population. Our findings identify a 2,7-fold increase in the incidence of tonsillar cancer, HPV and p16 in men between 1990-2013. We can use p16 to detect HPV in tonsillar cancer but not in tongue cancer. The introduction of vaccination against HPV may have a role in the prevention of specific HPV-subtype positive head and neck malignancies and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis since the current vaccine protects against HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. Males will definitely benefit indirectly from vaccination of females, though males will still remain at risk of cancers associated with HPV. This highlights the need for sex-neutral vaccination strategy. Our intention is that this thesis will provide scientific data to support a gender-neutral vaccination and to develop simple tools to detect HPV in tonsillar cancer.Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva effekterna av humant papillomvirus (HPV) vid cancer i halsmandlarna, cancer i tungan och vid luftvägspapillom. Totalt 27 patienter med luftvägspapillom (RRP) under åren 2004-2012 utvärderades 3 månader efter operationen med röst handikapp index (VHI) och livskvalitetformuläret SF-36. Resultaten jämfördes med normal data. Studiematerialet utökades med 21 patienter till totalt 48 RRP patienter i syfte att karakterisera patientgruppen i norra Sverige. För att studera HPV-DNA i tonsillcancer (n = 65) och i cancer i mobil del av tungan (n = 109) extraherades HPV-DNA från paraffininbäddade provbitar som sedan analyserades med PCR teknik och GP5 + / 6 + och CPI/IIG primer. Uttryck av surrogatmarkör p16 och HPV-receptorn syndekan -1 analyserades med immunhistokemi. RRP patienter hade en medianålder på 44,5 år; 71% var män och 29% kvinnor, företrädesvis infekterade med HPV6. Patienter som opererades mer än en gång per år var yngre än de som behandlats mindre ofta och hade en statistiskt sämre röstkvalitet än friska kontroller. Kvinnor, patienter med täta kirurgiska behandlingsintervall och högrisk-HPV hade signifikant sämre livskvalitet jämfört med friska kontroller. Patienter med hög kirurgisk behandlingsfrekvens per år var signifikant yngre och hade mer utbredd RRP sjukdom i luftstrupen, jämfört med gruppen med låg behandlingsfrekvens. Sammanlagt, 214 fall av halsmandelscancer identifierades i norra Sverige under åren 1990-2013; majoriteten var män, med en medianålder på 58 år och positiva för både HPV och p16. Andelen halsmandelscancer fall ökade med 2,7 gånger bland männen på 23 år. Vi fann ett starkt samband mellan uttryck av p16 och HPV infektion i halsmandelscancer men inte i HPV-negativ, delvis p16-positiv (33%) mobil tungcancer. Det fanns ingen skillnad i uttrycket av den primära HPV-receptorn, syndekan -1, jämförande tung-, och halsmandelscancer. Antalet RRP operationer, ålder vid insjuknandet, kön och genetisk variant av HPV kan användas som indikatorer för att förutsäga grad av röststörning. RRP patienter med hög kirurgisk behandlingsfrekvens var signifikant yngre och hade en mer utbredd luftvägssjukdom jämfört med RRP patienter som behandlas mindre ofta. Vi har identifierat en undergrupp av RRP patienter som inte primärt karakteriseras efter HPV virusets genetik utan av ett mer vårdintensivt förlopp. Den aktuella avhandlingen har identifierat en 2,7-faldig ökning av antalet halsmandelscancer hos män och ett starkt samband mellan p16 och HPV infektion i halsmandlar men inte i HPV-negativ tungcancer som inte korrelerar till p16 uttryck. Vi kan använda p16 för att påvisa HPV i tonsillcancer men inte i cancer i mobil tunga. Idag ingår HPV vaccination i det allmänna vaccinationsprogrammet för flickor. Vi förväntar oss en tydlig profylaktisk effekt avseende insjuknande i HPV-relaterad huvud- och hals cancer samt luftvägspapillom eftersom vaccinet skyddar mot HPV bl.a. 6, 11, 16 och 18. Män kommer definitivt att gynnas indirekt genom vaccination av kvinnor men kommer att ha fortsatt högre risk än kvinnor att insjukna i HPV relaterad cancer vilket understryker behovet av könsneutral vaccination. Vår avsikt med avhandlingen är att ge vetenskapligt stöd för könsneutralt vaccination och enkla metoder att påvisa halsmandelscancer.
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Napadow, Vitaly J. 1971. "A biomechanical investigation of the structure--function relationships in the human tongue." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8628.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard--Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-154).
The human tongue is a versatile, lithe and structurally complex muscular organ that is of paramount importance for many physiological tasks. The lingual musculature is composed of various orthogonally oriented myofiber populations. Furthermore, coupling this knowledge of tissue myoarchitecture with patterns of regional deformation offers the ability to explore complex structure-function relationships in the organ. Tongue myoarchitecture was studied with Diffusion Tensor MRI (DTI), which derived the spatial diffusion tensor field in the tongue. Since, diffusivity relates directly to myofiber orientation, this in vivo technique successfully produced a virtual anatomical atlas. In order to relate this 3D myoarchitecture to physiological deformations, in vivo strain was quantified by an MRI tagging technique. This technique tagged lingual tissue with a rectilinear grid, which was subsequently imaged to track and quantify deformation through 3D strain measures. Anterior protrusion, sagittal bending, and oral stage deglutition were studied with this technique. The results demonstrated that synergistic co-contraction between various muscle populations produced the necessary deformations in global tongue shape. In order to delineate specific muscular contributions to sagittal bending, the tongue was modeled by a thermal bimetal strip analog wherein thermal contraction approximated muscle fiber activation.
(cont.) The results confirmed our hypothesis that sagittal bending resulted from synergistic co-contraction of two distinct myofiber populations. In conclusion, tongue deformation is intimately related to the lingual musculature, and our results confirm the characterization of the tongue as a muscular hydrostat - an organ whose musculature produces deformation as well as the structural support for that deformation.
by Vitaly J. Napadow.
Ph.D.
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Easton, S. "Functional and metagenomic analysis of the human tongue dorsum using phage display." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18512/.
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It is well established that mixed microbial communities contain organisms which have not been studied by conventional culture-based methods. In the human oral cavity this number is estimated at around 50%. Commensal bacteria develop and maintain an intimate relationship with human cells without triggering proinflammatory mechanisms and this study aims to explore this by searching for bacterial proteins which facilitate binding to the human tongue dorsum and wider oral cavity. Metagenomic DNA from the human tongue dorsum of 9 volunteers was extracted and a phage display library created, to our knowledge the first to incorporate metagenomic DNA. Phage display is an elegant molecular technique involving fusion of fragmented DNA to a phagemid coat protein, such that inserted DNA is encoded by the phage and displayed on the phage surface. The affinity selection technique panning, then exploited the natural affinity and specificity of the fusion proteins to identify bacterial binding proteins using, in this case, three ligands: IgA, Fibronectin and BSA. IgA is of special interest to this group as it interacts with bacterial proteins and is poised to respond to bacterial numbers in human secretions such as saliva. Proteins from panning were analysed in silico, however, the majority were discarded due to the presence of stop codons in the protein sequences. Remaining phagemid displaying fusion proteins of interest were assessed for function and binding assays carried out to confirm binding specificity. Due to the biased nature of phage display library production, a 16S rRNA gene analysis was also carried out in order to assess metagenomic DNA diversity prior to library construction. Because phage display was used successfully by colleagues with the genomes of single organisms, it was believed that including metagenomic DNA in a phage display library would cast a wide net over the tongue dorsum allowing capture of many more binding proteins occurring in this environment from a wide range of bacteria.
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Wu, Chao-Min. "Computational Methods for Integrating Different Anatomical Data Sets of The Human Tongue /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148793324553722.
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Darmont, Araya Francis Mosheh. "Investigating the Design and Manufacture of PneuNet Actuators as a Prosthetic Tongue for Mimicking Human Deglutition." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1300.
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The number of Total Glossectomy cases in the United States is seeing an increasing trend as per the Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database. Patients, who have undergone such aggressive surgical procedures, have extensive limitations performing basic oral functions such as swallowing (deglutition), eating and speaking. Current rehabilitation prostheses do little in restoring the functionality of the original tongue. This is true especially in deglutition, which is necessary to transfer a bolus to the esophagus. Such patients need advanced prosthetic devices and through this research, investigations into potential solutions for prosthetic tongues to aid in deglutition were carried out. The process began with an extensive literature review that provided tongue position, motion, and pressure data during the swallowing stages. Several potential designs were considered such as using linkages and pneumatic networks (PneuNets). Based on a decision matrix, PneuNets were adopted as the foundational basis for generating prosthetic designs. Several prototypes were fabricated using Fused Filament Disposition for mold development and silicone Eco-flex 00-30 for actuator development. Each iteration involved tackling several design and manufacturing challenges especially when scaling these actuators from an initial experiment to an anatomical shape and size of a human tongue. A tongue of dimensions 1.8 inches wide, 2.4 inches long and 0.24 inches thick was developed. The PneuNet actuator was powered by a pneumatic system and kinematic data was collected using a tracking software. The data gathered provided validation comparisons between position trends exhibited in the literature. Theoretical deflection models were generated for analyzing the deflection of the front, middle and back sections of the tongue prototype. Details from literature review, design iterations, simulations, validation processes, research challenges and conclusions will be discussed in depth.
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Stavness, Ian Kent. "Byte your tongue : a computational model of human mandibular-lingual biomechanics for biomedical applications." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30306.
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Biomechanical models provide a means to analyze movement and forces in highly complex anatomical systems. Models can be used to explain cause and effect in normal body function as well as in abnormal cases where underlying causes of dysfunction can be clarified. In addition, computer models can be used to simulate surgical changes to bone and muscle structure allowing for prediction of functional and aesthetic outcomes.
This dissertation proposes a state-of-the-art model of coupled jaw-tongue-hyoid biomechanics for simulating combined jaw and tongue motor tasks, such as chewing, swallowing, and speaking. Simulation results demonstrate that mechanical coupling of tongue muscles acting on the jaw and jaw muscles acting on the tongue are significant and should be considered in orofacial modeling studies. Towards validation of the model, simulated tongue velocity and tongue-palate pressure are consistent with published measurements.
Inverse simulation methods are also discussed along with the implementation of a technique to automatically compute muscle activations for tracking a target kinematic trajectory for coupled skeletal and soft-tissue models. Additional target parameters, such as dynamic constraint forces and stiffness, are included in the inverse formulation to control muscle activation predictions in redundant models. Simulation results for moving and deforming muscular-hydrostat models are consistent with published theoretical proposals. Also, muscle activations predicted for lateral jaw movement are consistent with published literature on jaw physiology.
As an illustrative case study, models of segmental jaw surgery with and without reconstruction are developed. The models are used to simulate clinically observed functional deficits in movement and bite force production. The inverse simulation tools are used to predict muscle forces that could theoretically be used by a patient to compensate for functional deficits following jaw surgery. The modeling tools developed and demonstrated in this dissertation provide a foundation for future studies of orofacial function and biomedical applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery and treatment.
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Malenevska, K. "The more languages you know the more human you are." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11399.
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Baker, Todd Adam. "A biomechanical model of the human tongue for understanding speech production and other lingual behaviors." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193742.
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A biomechanical model of the human tongue was constructed, based upon a detailed anatomical study of an actual cadaver. Data from the Visible Human Project were segmented to create a volumetric representation of the tongue and its constituent muscles. The volumetric representation was converted to a smooth NURBS-bounded solid model--for compatibility with meshing algorithms--by lofting between splines, the vertices of which were defined by the coordinates of a smoothed triangular mesh representation. Using a hyperelastic constitutive model that allowed for the addition of active stress, the model deforms in response to user-specified muscle activation patterns. A series of meshes was created to perform a mesh validation study; in the validation tests performed, a 245,223-element mesh was found to be sufficient to model tongue behavior.Systematic samples of the behavior of the model were collected. Principal component analyses were performed on the samples to discover low-dimensional representations of tongue postures. Statistical models (linear regression models and neural networks) were fit to predict tongue posture from muscle activation, and vice versa. In all tests, it was found that a relatively small sample of tongue postures can be used to successfully generalize to larger data sets.Finally, a variety of specific tests were performed, based on claims and predictions found in previous literature. Of these, the claims of the muscular hydrostat theory of tongue movement were best supported. Simulations were also run that simulated lingual hemiplegia. It was found that substantially different muscular activation patterns were required to achieve equivalent postures in a hemiplegic tongue, relative to a normal tongue.
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Takemoto, Hironori. "Morphological Analyses and 3-D Modeling of the Tongue Musculature in the Human and Chimpanzee." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/151666.
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Evangelou, Iordanis E. "Three dimensional modelling of the human tongue musculature : definition of a method based on active contours." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409720.
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Dahlgren, Liselotte. "Studies on the presence and influence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck tumors /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-289-6/.
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Patel, Kandarp. "Analysis of Human Echolocation Waveform for Radar Target Recognition." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1369160477.
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Sgaramella, Nicola. "Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue : studies of biomarkers connected to human papillomavirus infection, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and locoregional metastatis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Patologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-134567.
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Background: Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most frequent and aggressive carcinoma in the head and neck region. Its incidence has increased during the last decades, especially in young patients (≤40 years) mainly female. These young patients have either not been exposed to the traditional risk factors for this disease, or have a much reduced duration of exposure than the typical OTSCC patient. The reasons behind this increasing incidence remain unknown. The aims of this thesis were to analyse the presence and possible role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral tongue cancer in correlation with its surrogate marker p16 and its receptor syndecan-1. Other aims were to evaluate expression of EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) - related markers, such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, CK5 and CK19, and to address the potential predictive role of podoplanin in the loco-regional metastatic process. Clinical parameters including age, sex, geographical distribution, relapse, tumour staging and grading were also investigated for a possible correlation with biomarker expression and prediction of survival rate and therapeutic strategy. Materials and methods: More than one hundred samples of OTSCC coming from two University Hospitals of two different countries (Sweden and Italy) were analysed. HPV presence was evaluated by in situ hybridisation for detection of the high-risk HPV 16 and indirectly by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of its surrogate marker p16. Expression of the HPV receptor syndecan-1 and the EMT biomarkers E-cadherin, β-catenin, CK5, CK19 were also evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Samples were scored using a quick score (QS), taking both number and intensity of cells stained into account. Podoplanin expression was investigated at both protein and RNA level. Results: Tumour size and lymph node metastasis correlated to both overall and disease-free survival. Despite variable expression of the syndecan-1 receptor, HPV 16 was not detected in any sample analysed, excluding a possible association with p16, which was expressed in 33% of the cases. All EMT-related markers were commonly expressed in tongue cancer. Data showed E-cadherin to be an independent prognostic factor with higher expression associated with poor overall survival. Notably, E-cadherin, β-catenin and CK5 directly correlated to each other. Multivariate analysis of clinical data demonstrated that age of the patient is an independent prognostic factor with younger patients showing a worse survival rate. Patients younger than 40 years also showed significantly higher expression of podoplanin. Data for geographic distribution revealed a difference in expression of E-cadherin between Swedish and Italian patients. Conclusions: In contrast to SCC of the base of the tongue and the tonsil, HPV is not present in OTSCC, excluding HPV infection as a risk factor. Higher levels of E-cadherin and young age is associated with poor survival in OTSCC patients. The different frequency of EMT markers seen between Swedish and Italian patients suggests an important role for the environment and the geographical area in the onset of different molecular patterns of OTSCC.
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Waenerlund, Max. "The prognostic utility of p16 overexpression and Human Papillomavirus DNA presence in base of tongue cancer patients: A retrospective cohort study in Region Örebro County." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86767.
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Background: The overall good prognosis for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) driven base of the tongue cancer has prompted an increasing interest in whether this group could benefit from a less aggressive treatment regime. Different studies have drawn different conclusions as to which laboratory test should be used to identify these patients, using the surrogate marker p16, analyzing for HPV presence or both. Aim: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of HPV-DNA and p16 in base of tongue cancer patients and their respective prognostic value, both used individually as well as combined. Material and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study consisting of 40 patients diagnosed with base of tongue cancer. The follow-up period was 5 years. Survival analysis was performed both depending on the combined results from the p16 immunohistochemistry analysis and the HPV DNA PCR, as well as separately. Results: Five-year survival rates were 73.9% for p16(+) and 17,6% for p16(-) subjects (p<0.001), 60.7% for HPV-DNA(+) and 25.0% for HPV-DNA(-) subjects (p=0.025). Five-year survival rates when combining p16 and HPV-DNA were 73.9% for p16(+)/HPV DNA(+), 25.0% for p16(-)/HPV DNA(-) and 0.0% for p16(-)/HPV DNA(+) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our results add to previous research that p16 is a strong predictor of prognosis for base of tongue cancer patients, and could have the clinical implication of serving as a reliable tool for clinicians when determining prognosis and identifying patients who could benefit from treatment de-escalation in the future.
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Molitor, Elena von [Verfasser], and Stephan [Akademischer Betreuer] Frings. "Human tongue-cell derived spheroids suggest that multiple pathways and molecules are involved in the sweet gustatory sense / Elena von Molitor ; Betreuer: Stephan Frings." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235144321/34.
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Ring, Carolina. "Remote Education To Support Newcomer Pupils In Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-194523.
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In Sweden today there is an increase of newcomer pupils that need to be accommodated into the school system. This paper highlights remote education as a concept to support this process. Based on previous studies on videoconferencing and blended learning approaches as well as state of the art technology current remote education was explored. Conducted interviews and observations showed how technology is used in schools today through presentations, videos and tablet usage. They also explored the aspects of education that did not utilize technology e.g. whiteboards, physical material and the teachers’ use of the physical environment. A series of experiments were designed to transform specific aspects of the present teaching approaches into remote education. The study showed that the most important factor for remote education is to redesign todays face-to-face lessons based on the educational content. Physical practices will have to be transformed to fit the new format while already digital practices need fewer modifications. Remote education has the possibility to give pupils access to education otherwise unattainable. It could e.g. increase the number of mother tongue languages available to newcomer pupils and prevent pupils having to travel for their entitled education.Sverige har just nu en ökning av nyanlända elever som måste integreras in i skolsystemet. Denna rapport lyfter fjärrundervisning som ett koncept för att stödja denna process. Aktuella metoder för fjärrundervisning har utforskats genom tidigare studier om videokonferenser och blandade lärmiljöer (eng. blended learning) samt relevanta teknologier. Intervjuer och observationer utfördes för att studera hur teknik används i skolan idag genom till exempel presentationer, videoklipp och surfplattor. Dessa visade också vilken del av undervisningen som inte utnyttjade teknik; så som whiteboards, fysiskt material och lärarnas användning av den fysiska miljön. En serie experiment utformades för att omvandla nuvarande undervisningsmetoder för fjärrundervisning. Studien visade att det viktigaste för fjärrundervisning är att omforma dagens klassiska undervisning baserat på det pedagogiska innehållet. Fysiska metoder måste omformas så att de passar det nya formatet medan redan digitala metoder behöver färre modifieringar. Fjärrundervisning har möjligheten att ge elever tillgång till undervisning som annars vore omöjlig att få tillgång till. Det skulle till exempel kunna öka antalet tillgängliga språk i modersmålsundervisning för nyanlända elever samt förhindra att elever behöver resa för att få sin berättigade utbildning.
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Давидова, Людмила Миколаївна, Людмила Николаевна Давыдова, and Liudmyla Mykolaivna Davydova. "Порівняльний аналіз анатомо-морфологічних особливостей язика людини та лабораторних щурів." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/41735.
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Знання будови лабораторних тварин являється важливою умовою для отримання точних результатів під час досліджень та їх інтерпретації. Метою дослідження є порівняння анатомо-морфологічних особливостей язика людини та лабораторних щурів.
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Mojadadi, Abdul Rahman. "The influence of interfaces on the understanding of Mathematics in secondary schools in Afghanistan." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9996_1306737536.
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he focus of this research is to establish whether there is a difference in the way the genders perceive the visualization of mathematics, with specific reference to set theory. The influence of the computing experience of students on their perceptions was also investigated. Interfaces were created for the teaching of set theory for learners in the first class of secondary school. Since the mother tongue of most the pupils is Dari the interface was made available in both Dari and English. The interfaces were used to gather the data for the researc
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Gordon, Peter. "Tongued with fire : Encounters between museum visitors and displayed human remains." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531318.
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The display of human remains in Western museums is established practice but one that has been increasingly contested by a variety of constituencies. Nonetheless, such displays continue to attract UK museum visitors. However, little is known about what encountering human remains in museum settings actually means to visitors or about the methods through which researchers can access such responses. Also comparatively little is known (at least from the Anglophone literature) about the display of human remains in non-western museum settings, where remains may be those of actual or imagined ancestors of both staff and visitors. The thesis contextualises human remains within available literature on material culture before considering the poHtks and poetics of the collection and display of Peruvian mummified human remains in three museum settings: the Wellcome Collection (London), the Museo Inka in Cusco (Peru) and the Museo de Arqueologia de Alta Montana in Salta (Argentina). In each setting, the context and manner of display, impliCitly or explicitly, imbue the human remains with meaning. The study explores encounters between the researcher and museum staff, between the researcher and museum visitors, and most significantly, between visitors and displayed human remains. Accessing the visitor encounter in ways that capture the power of such displays has been relatively unexplored by researchers and is demanding methodologically. To this end, the research borrows from psychoanalytic theory, adapting the concept of 'free talking' (and 'free writing') in order to elicit visceral responses to displayed human remains, and considering the concept of 'the uncanny' to understand them. This approach has profound implications: acknowledging museums and curators as contextualised and contextualising agents, and recognising visitors (and researchers) as both feeling and sense-making subjects, renders both the researcher and the traditionally impersonal institution visible. But more than this, it makes the visitor truly present.
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Temple, Elizabeth C., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Aspects of the development of the sense of taste in humans." THESIS_FST_xxx_Temple_E.xml, 1999. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/61.
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Very little research has been conducted on the development of taste perception in humans. Therefore there is a lack of knowledge, first, about how children perceive taste, especially when compared to what is known about how adults experience taste, and second, about the functioning and development of the gustatory system, including when the system is fully mature and functioning in an adult-like manner. The aims of this thesis were (i) to investigate the growth pattern of the tongue throughout childhood / adolescence, and (ii) to determine the state of maturity of some of the aspects of the sense of taste in mid-childhood. Overall, the data in this thesis indicate that children respond similarly to adults with regard to single-point measures of sensitivity and perceived intensity, but there are some differences in the overall temporal experience of taste, from onset of perception through to extinction, and the way in which it is perceived by adults and 8-9 year old children. The latterMaster of Science (Hons)
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Temple, Elizabeth Clare. "Aspects of the development of the sense of taste in humans /." View thesis View thesis, 1999. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030603.074427/index.html.
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Dawes, Matthew. "Drug-induced vasodilation in human forearm resistance vasculature." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342326.
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Mirlesse, Alice. "Identity on Trial: the Gabrielino Tongva Quest for Federal Recognition." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/90.
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In this paper, the author looks at the impact of the policy of federal recognition on a Los Angeles basin Native community: the Gabrielino Tongva. The first section, the literature review focuses on the difficulties of defining “indigenousness” in the academic and political realms, as well as looking at Native scholars’ conceptualization of this unique and multifaceted identity. After a consideration of the theoretical framework of the study, the crossroads between anthropology and public policy analysis, the author presents the tools she used in her study, namely: participant observation, key-informant interviews, and the analysis of published documents and personal files. The section ends with a review of ethical concerns pertaining to doing research with indigenous people.
The historical section comprises an analysis of archives and published works about the Tongva and the federal recognition process. Starting by a brief report of major policies that have impacted Native American rights in the U.S. and the evolution of government relations with indigenous communities, the author looks at the legacy of the Tongva people in L.A. today, paying special attention to past efforts at obtaining federal recognition and political divides within the tribe. The analysis is structured according to the different levels of recognition that the author perceived through her research. “Capital R”, or federal recognition is explored through its impact on the individual and the group, and followed by an account of current efforts towards community recognition – “lower-case r.” The paper ends on recommendations for future policies and a personal reflection about the research and its results.
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Bignell, B., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Social Inquiry, and School of Social Ecology. "Musical utterance as a way of knowing : a contemporary epistemology of music." THESIS_FSI_SEL_Bignell_B.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/344.
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This thesis takes its start from the identification of a gap in knowledge between the act of musical utterance and its significance for human being. Based on the proposition that music education could benefit from what it most appears to lack, a deep epistemology, the study first examines the knowledge gap as an epistemological omission in music curriculum and discourse, and then argues the case for retrieval of a logos epistemology to rectify the omission. The recovery of the meaning of the musical act, it is argued, is an ethical, biographical initiative taken up by the individual who senses the need to strive towards freedom of moral decision. Recovery consists in developing an epistemology specific to human utterance, namely, a logos epistemology. Since the logos is an original form-bestowing power whose sanctuary is the human being, it seeks and finds expression in uttered forms, and it is through fully conscious observation of one's own contribution to the emergence of these forms that one can find oneself as knower. It is significant that it is characteristic of the logos in the current era, however, that it is hidden from the (dual) perspective which humanity has taken up in its cognitive evolution. The condition of its recovery, then, is that it must be 'unconcealed' for it is obscured by its own forms, and consequently, by aesthetic and linguistic theory derived, not from efforts made towards enhanced musical experience, but inferred from the sense-perceptible elements of experience. It is argued that it is educationally responsible to cultivate the individual's latent epistemic resources, namely, self-observed, consciously directed intentionally, so that the meaning of the original experience of musical phenomena, tone and interval, can be raised to awareness, and musical culture renewed.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Blahák, Petr. "Audiometr pro audiometrii čistými tóny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218668.
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Human hearing is to collect information from the outside world and is one of the basic human senses. Part of this thesis is devoted to acoustics, properties of the human ear in terms of perception of sounds and methods, which human ears are investigating. Audiometer is an instrument which is most often used in healthcare. The main content of this thesis is to design pure tone audiometer, which is important for the subjective tests of human hearing non-invasive method.
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Clemens, Alexander. "Investigating the Inclusivity of Face Detection." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1836.
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Face detection refers to a number of techniques that identify faces in images and videos. As part of the senior project exercise at Pomona College, I explore the process of face detection using a JavaScript library called CLMtrackr. CLMtrackr works in any browser and detects faces within the video stream captured by a webcam. The focus of this paper is to explore the shortcomings in the inclusivity of the CLMtrackr library and consequently that of face detection. In my research, I have used two datasets that contain human faces with diverse backgrounds, in order to assess the accuracy of CLMtrackr. The two datasets are the MUCT and PPB. In addition, I investigate whether skin color is a key factor in determining face detection's success, to ascertain where and why a face might not be recognized within an image. While my research and work produced some inconclusive results due to a small sample size and a couple outliers in my outputs, it is clear that there is a trends toward the CLMtrackr algorithm recognizing faces with lighter skin tones more often than darker ones.
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Shabeeh, Husain. "Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in human vascular tone and systemic haemodynamics in vivo." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/role-of-neuronal-nitric-oxide-synthase-in-human-vascular-tone-and-systemic-haemodynamics-in-vivo(cf1a8409-f8f6-4058-9af7-40b6c39d88ec).html.
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Endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and nNOS respectively) are constitutively expressed in vivo. Recent data showed that selective local inhibition of nNOS reduced basal blood flow without affecting endothelial-mediated vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine or increased shear stress - suggesting that eNOS and nNOS have distinct roles in vasoregulation. This thesis aimed to investigate the role of nNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of skeletal blood flow during exercise and myocardial blood flow during increased cardiac workload. At a systemic level, the role of nNOS on blood pressure and haemodynamics was investigated in a first-in-man study. We used the non-selective NOS inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-Larginine (L-NMMA), and selective nNOS inhibitor, S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (SMTC), to determine the role of eNOS and nNOS in opposing an increase in sympathetically mediated increases in arteriolar tone in the human forearm during handgrip exercise. We found that despite reducing basal forearm blood flow (FBF), intra-brachial L-NMMA or SMTC had no significant effect on the increase in FBF or conduit artery diameter induced by local handgrip exercise, even in the face of increased sympathetic stimulation with lower body negative pressure. We investigated the relative contribution of eNOS and nNOS in the regulation of coronary vascular tone during increasing metabolic demand as achieved through incremental cardiac pacing. We found that the pacing induced increase in coronary blood flow and artery diameter was blunted by intra-coronary L-NMMA but not so by SMTC. We then undertook the first investigation in humans of the effects of systemic nNOS inhibition on haemodynamics. We found that intravenous SMTC increased systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure, whilst stroke volume, cardiac output and heart rate were reduced. Importantly, there was no effect on flow-mediated dilatation, an effect mediated by eNOS. These results suggest that nNOS has a major contribution to basal regulation of systemic vascular resistance in humans.
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Murnane, Owen D., J. K. Kelly, B. Prieve, and Owen D. Murnane. "Tone-Burst-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and the Influence of High Frequency Hearing Loss in Humans." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2000. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1921.
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Favre, Jean-François. "Participation de l'activité tonique posturale à la genèse de certaines attitudes scoliotiques : application à la compréhension de certaines contre-performances gestuelles du sportif et à leur éventuelle correction." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100061.
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Cette thèse utilise comme support physiologique l’activité tonique posturale orthostatique. Comment des troubles primitifs du système nerveux central peuvent-ils modifier les rapports existants entre les syncinésies musculaires toniques involontaires automatiques ? Le premier chapitre présente la posture de l’homme debout sous l’angle d’un concept de physique ; la place et le maintien du centre de gravité dans le polygone de sustentation. Dans le premier paragraphe sont analysés les aspects histologiques et anatomo-physiologiques : 1) du squelette sous l’aspect fonctionnel postural. 2) du système musculaire tonique ayant pour mission la maintenance du centre de gravité. 3) des capteurs périphériques infra et supra-spinaux. 4) des voies sensori-motrices. () Des centres du système nerveux central. Le deuxième paragraphe traite du fonctionnement des syncinésies musculaires involontaires automatiques asymétriques. Après un rappel détaillé des réflexes toniques posturaux sur l’homme et l’animal décérébrés il présente l’apparition de ces reflexes en physiologie et en pathologie. Le deuxième chapitre présente notre expérimentation. Le premier paragraphe décrit notre protocole d’essai et les outils de mesure. Des enregistrements statokinésimétriques et photographiques ont été réalisé dans cinq postures spécifiques sur un lot d’attitudes scoliotiques ayant des troubles de la posture centraux ou périphériques. Ces enregistrements ont été asservis de deux types de stimuli (aimants permanents de 1500 Gauss et vibration mécaniques à 100 Hertz) pour analyser les réactions provoquées. Dans le deuxième paragraphe les résultats ont été corrélés, exprimés et comparés à un lot témoin. Bien que la posture de notre lot expérimental soit analogue à la normale, nous objectivons une perturbation importante des déplacements latéraux correspondant au fonctionnement du système archaïque labyrinthique. Les vibrations mécaniques mobilisent les groupes flechisseurs-extensseurs, tandis que les aimants permanents tendent à réguler les synésies abductrices adductrices préparant à l’action pour la mise en place du centre de gravité. L’ensemble des résultats confirme notre problématique, à savoir une étiologie musculaire des scoliosesThis thesis uses as its physiological basis of the postural muscular orthostatic activity. How do disturbances of the central nervous system modify the existing relationships between automatic involuntary tonic muscular syncinésis? The first chapter deals with the standing posture from the point of view of mechanics, the location maintenance of the center of gravity within the polygon of balance. In the first paragraph, the histological and anatomo-physiological aspects are considered as follow: 1) the skeleton from the postural functional point of view. 2) The system of muscular tone ensuring the maintenance of the center of gravity. 3) The proprioceptors infra and supra-spinal. 4) The sensori-motors pathways. 5) The centers in the central nervous system. The second paragraph in concerned with asymmetric anatomic involuntary muscle syncinesis. A detailed description of postural reflexes on decerebrated man and animal is followed by a study of these reflexes in physiology and in pathology. The second chapter deals with experiments. The first paragraph is a description of our method for testing and our measuring equipment. Statokinesimetric measures and photographs of five specific postures have been taken on a sample of scoliotic attitudes with central and peripheric postural disturbance. Two types of stimuli were introduced into the measures (permanent magnetic fields of 1500 Gauss and mechanical vibration 100 Hertz to analyze the reactions). The second paragraph is an expression, correlation and comparison of these measures with a sample. Our results demonstrate the existence of an important disturbance of lateral displacements depending on the archaic labyrinthic system. Mechanical vibrations mobilize the flexor-extensor groups whereas the magnetic fields tend to regulate the abductor-adductor groups. The results as a whole confirm a muscular etiology of some scoliotic attitudes
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Pressard-Berthier, Véronique. "Expression de l'intériorité en danse moderne et contemporaine." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=https://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/expression-de-l-interiorite-en-danse-moderne-et-contemporaine-50068.
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Le passage d'une extériorité codifiée à la recherche d'un mouvement intérieur en danse constitue l'objet de notre étude avec la question de l'émergence du sujet-dansant posée en filigrane. La période de rupture entre académisme et modernité en danse en Occident est analysée dans le sens d'une évolution culturelle plus générale, incluant le phénomène de naissance de l'individu, auquel est intimement lié l'accroissement de la notion d'égalité et une liberté corporelle plus marquée. Une étude sur l'intériorité physique a retenu notre attention avec la visée de mettre en évidence le processus d'une prise de conscience progressive de la sensibilité interne du danseur moderne (transformation de l'univers psychologique et sensible) à partir de la Belle Epoque. L'impact de la danse moderne sur la culture du temps et réciproquement a fait l'objet d'investigations précises, offrant une mise en perspective du goût collectif du public d'une époque, pour une certaine approche du corps dansant, en étroite relation avec les échos des productions dansées. Les écrits de danseurs, chorégraphes, théoriciens du mouvement, physiologistes, sociologues, historiens, psychologues et philosophes constituent le socle informatif et conceptuel de la recherche, sans omettre les considérations d'écrivains sur la question. Deux interviews du chorégraphe Angelin Preljocaj, fondées sur un questionnement de ses pratiques et de ses "ressentis", permettent à l'analyse de s'ancrer dans la réalité et l'actualité de l'objet d'étudeThe passage of an exteriority codified looking for an interior movement in dance is the object of our study with the question of the emergence of the subject-dancing put watermark. The period of rupture between academicism and modemity in dance in the West is analyzed in the direction of a more general cultural evolution, including the phenomenon of birth of the individual, that is intimately bound the enlargement of the concept of equality and greater personal freedom. A study on physical interiority has retained our attention with the aim to highlight the process of progressive awareness of the intemal sensitivity of the dancer (transformation of the psychological and sensitive universe) from the Belle Epoque. The impact of modem dance on the culture of the time and vice versa has been subjected to specifie investigations, providing a layout perspective oftaste class to the public of an era, for a certain approach to the dancing body in close relationship with echoes of the dance productions. The writings of dancers, choreographers, theorists of the movement, physiologists, sociologists, historians, psychologists and philosophers constitute the base, informative and conceptual research, without omitting considerations of writers on the subject. Two interviews with choreographer Angelin Preljocaj, based on a questioning of his practices and his "felt", allow the analysis to be grounded in reality and the actuality of the object of study
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Škutková, Helena. "Akustický generátor pro buzení evokovaných potenciálů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218222.
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Evoked potentials are electric brain response to external stimulus. They are important diagnostic no visual method in neurology. For their excitation use of different of kinds stimulation, most often: visual, auditory, somatosenzory, olfactory and gustatory. Evoked potentials are objective method for measurement sense perception. This master’s thesis is specialized to auditory evoked potentials and design acoustic generator for their stimulation. Auditory evoked potentials are primary used for objective audiometry, but they have another usage. In the first place, application is specialized on health sector. The aim of this master’s thesis is compact specified medical requirements with available technical resources.
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Swersky, Liz. "Developing Skills for Successful Learning." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-83124.
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CHEN, JING-YI, and 陳靜宜. "Effect of BITC in human tongue squamous-cell carcinoma cells." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rrnen3.
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碩士輔英科技大學
醫學檢驗生物技術系碩士班
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Oral cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death for males in Taiwan. Epidemiological studies have indicated that co-administration of natural compounds with anticancer drugs can lead to increased therapeutic activity against various types of cancers. Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), one of the best studied members of the isothiocyanate family, has been found to exhibit prevention of cancers in laboratory animals and might also be chemoprotective in humans. However, the effects of BITC on tongue cancer remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine the early signaling effects of BITC on human tongue cancer cells SAS. Firstly, we evaluated the effect of BITC on cell viability of SAS cells using MTT assays. The results showed that BITC significantly decreased the viability of SAS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Next, we assessed the effect of BITC (5, 10 μM) on reactive oxidative species (ROS) using DCF-DA reagent. ROS induced by BITC in OSCC cells was also in a dose-dependent manner. The experiment explored the mechanism of death of BITC against SAS cells. It was found that atypical DNA fragments after BITC treatment. Wound healing assay demonstrated that BITC exhibited an inhibitory effect on the abilities of migration in SAS cancer cells. Above results showed that BITC can inhibit the growth and proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. It is expected that BITC can be a novel drug for the malignant progression of tongue cancer.
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Mestre, Verónica Filipa Alves. "Study of oropharyngeal carcinogenesis induced by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) in a murine model." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/9894.
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Master’s Degree in Comparative, Technological and Molecular GeneticsOropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is more common in men when compared with women and often shows an aggressive biological behavior. OPSCCs related to infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) are classified as HPV-positive while those linked to exposure to risk factors, like alcohol and tobacco, are classified as HPV-negative. Detection of HPV DNA along with the detection of the p16 protein are the golden standard methods to diagnose both types of OPSCC. This work aimed to adress the ability of HPV16 to induce OPSCC in transgenic mice, to study the influence of gender on cancer development and to investigate the occurrence of these tumors in specific oropharyngeal locations. In this way, an experimental assay using mice in which the expression of the HPV16 early genomic region is controlled by the cytokeratin 14 gene (CK14) promoter targeting the basal layer of squamous epithelia, was performed. Two female mice groups were used: wild type (n=10) and HPV16-transgenic (n=90). These animals were maintained until the age of 30 weeks, sacrificed, and the tongues were collected for lesions’ classification. We observed pre-malignant lesions throughout the oral cavity, but invasive lesions (squamous cell carcinoma, SCC in 23.2% of mice) was remarkably restricted to the tongue base, like in humans. Immunohistochemically, the lesions were positive for CK14 and showed suprabasal Ki-67+ cells, confirming that the CK14 gene promoter was active in these tissues and that the HPV16 transgenes effectively dysregulated cell proliferation. Transgenic mice also exhibited p16 protein overexpression, further validating the etiologic involvement of the HPV16 transgenes in this model. We hypothesized that malignant lesions specifically targeted the tongue base because this area contained an HPV-sensitive transformation zone as previously found in the cervix and anus. Immunohistochemistry for CK7 and p63 allowed us to map a putative transformation zone in von Ebner's salivary gland, showing similar morphology to the anal transformation zone. To study the incidence of OPSCC in male mice, we collected tongue samples from another assay using the same mouse strain, where mice received a penile topic application of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 17 weeks, once a week to induce penile cancer. Animals were divided into four groups: wild type (n=15); wild type+DMBA (n=30); HPV16-transgenic (n=40); HPV16-transgenic+DMBA (n=40). The animals were sacrificed four weeks after the last DMBA adminstration, and the tongue was collected for histological analysis. Blood was collected to perform genotoxicity tests and confirm whether DMBA had systemic effects, potentially promoting oropharyngeal carcinogenesis. No differences genotoxicity parameters were observed among groups. SCC was restricted to the tongue base, as observed in females, and presented a similar incidence in animals treated (3.2%) and untreated (3.7%) with DMBA. These results provide experimental evidence for the etiologic role of HPV16 in OPSCC and suggest that tongue base tumors may arise from a transformation zone in von Ebner's gland. In this model, a much lower OPSCC incidence was observed in males when compared with females. Overall, these data contribute to validate HPV16-transgenic mice as a model for OPSCC.
O carcinoma de células escamosas da orofaringe (OPSCC) é mais frequente em homens do que em mulheres e geralmente mostra um comportamento biológico agressivo. Os OPSCCs associados à infeção por papilomavírus humano de alto risco (HR-HPV) são classificados como HPV-positivos, enquanto que os relacionados com fatores de risco clássicos como o consumo de álcool e tabaco são classificados como HPV-negativos. A deteção do DNA do HPV, juntamente com a deteção da proteína p16, são os métodos de eleição para diagnosticar os dois tipos de OPSCC. Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar a capacidade do HPV16 para induzir OPSCC em murganhos transgénicos, estudar a influência da diferença de género no desenvolvimento deste tipo de cancro e investigar a ocorrência destes tumores em localizações anatómicas específicas. Para responder a estas questões, foi executado um ensaio experimental utilizando murganhos nos quais a expressão da região Early do HPV16 é controlada pelo promotor do gene citoqueratina 14 (CK14), direcionando a expressão para as camadas basais do epitélio. Neste ensaio foram utilizados dois grupos de murganhos fêmea: wild type (n=10) e transgénicos para o HPV16 (n=90). Estes animais foram sacrificados às 30 semanas de idade e as suas línguas foram colhidas para classificação das lesões. Foram observadas lesões pré-malignas e lesões invasivas (carcinoma das células escamosas, SCC em 23,2% dos murganhos) circunscritas à base da língua, como acontece no Homem. As lesões apresentaram positividade para a CK14 e as células suprabasais apresentaram marcação positiva para o Ki-67 confirmando que o promotor do gene CK14 estava ativo nestes tecidos e que a expressão dos transgenes do HPV16 contribui para uma proliferação celular desregulada. Os murganhos transgénicos demonstraram uma expressão aumentada da proteína p16, validando o envolvimento dos transgenes do HPV16 neste modelo animal. A deteção imunohistoquímica da CK7 e p63 permitiu-nos mapear uma possível zona de transformação na glândula salivar de von Ebner's, com uma morfologia semelhante à zona de transformação do ânus. Para estudar a incidência de OPSCC em murganhos macho, foram recolhidas línguas de outro ensaio experimental usando a mesma estirpe. Estes receberam uma aplicação tópica semanal do agente carcinogénico 7,12 dimetilbenzantraceno (DMBA) durante 17 semanas para induzir cancro do pénis. Neste ensaio experimental foram usados quatro grupos: wild type (n=15); wild type+DMBA (n=30); transgénicos para o HPV16 (n=40); transgénicos para o HPV16+DMBA (n=40). Quatro semanas após a última administração de DMBA, os animais foram sacrificados e as suas línguas foram recolhidas para análise histológica. O sangue periférico foi recolhido para a execução de testes de toxicidade com o intuito de confirmar se o DMBA teve efeito sistémico, promovendo o processo de carcinogénese na orofaringe. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros de genotoxicidade entre grupos. À semelhança das fêmeas, os SCC estavam restritos à base da língua e a sua frequência foi semelhante entre animais tratados (3,2%) e não tratados (3,7%) com DMBA. Estes resultados apresentam evidências do papel do HPV16 em OPSCC e sugerem que os tumores na base da língua poderão emergir de uma zona de transformação da glândula de von Ebner´s. Neste modelo, os murganhos machos apresentaram uma incidência de OPSCC inferior à dos murganhos fêmea. De um modo geral, estes resultados permitem validar os murganhos transgénicos K14HPV16 como um modelo para o estudo do OPSCC.
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Chien, Tsun-Cheng, and 簡村誠. "Automatic Segmentation of the Tongue Structure from Human Oral MR Images." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00894825682093041261.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
電機工程研究所
97
The long term purpose of this research is to study the physiological articulation mechanism based on a three-dimensional (3D) tongue model that is reconstructed from oral magnetic resonance images (MRI). The accuracy of reconstructed 3D tongue depends on the results of image segmentation of tongue structure from oral MRI data. The main purpose of this study is to automatically segment tongue structure from the oral MRI data not only to save time and efforts for data processing but also to keep the accuracy of automatic segmentation the same as the manual segmentation. This study adopted Level Set (LS) method to segment image automatically and used Gradient Vector Flow Snake (GVFS) method to move the contours toward the tongue boundary and to smooth the segmented contours. The results of our study showed that 5.5 minutes were taken to segment one subject automatically. This is faster than the time needed (22.6 min.) for manual segmentation by a well-trained operator. Similarity index was used to evaluate the accuracy of our segmentation. The results by our method showed average slice similarity index is greater than 0.88 (8 subjects, 4 females, 4 males). This indicates excellent agreement. In addition, the 3D tongue reconstructed from this study is less smooth than by the manual segmentation, and the shape of the 3D tongue reconstructed from this study is approximately similar to the manual segmentation. Finally, the internal structure of the tongue observed from this study from the tongue mid-sagittal slice is visually the same as the manual segmentation.
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Tsai, Ming-Li, and 蔡明俐. "Gypenosides induce apoptosis and metastasis inhibition in human tongue squamous carcinoma cells (SCC4)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19487465988840963875.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國醫藥大學
中國醫學研究所碩士班
95
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) is one of the Chinese medical herbs. Gypenosides (Gyps) is a major compound of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino. Clinical researches indicated that gypenosides have various pharmacological effects including anti-tumor effects, decreasing blood lipid, antioxidation effect,enhancing immune capacity effect,promoting live functions etc. Previous studies have shown that gypenosides induced cytotoxicity, G0/ G1 arrest of cell cycle and apoptosis in human colon, breast and liver cancer cell lines underwent the activation of caspase 3. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the gypenosides induced apoptotic process and inhibition of metastasis are still unclear. In the present studies, we have observed that treated SCC4 cells with gypenosides resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell viability. Furthermor, we found the gypenoside induced apoptosis in human tongue squamous carcinoma cells (SCC4) by morphological changes, DAPI staining , comet assay and DNA fragmentation agarose gel electrophoresis. In this study,the Western blot will be used for detecting cell cycle associate protein and apoptosis. The data display that Gyps induced G0/ G1 phase arrest of cell cycle in SCC4 cells through the up-regulation of chk2, p53, p21, p16, and down-regulation of cyclin D, cyclin E, cdk6,. These results suggest that Gyps induced apoptosis through (1) the mitochondria-dependent pathways: up-regulation of Bax, cytochrome c, caspase 9, caspase 3, and down-regulation of BcL-2, BcL-XL.(2) the death receptor-dependent pathways: up-regulation of TRAIL、caspase 8、Bid (3) the endoplasmic reticulum-dependent pathways: up-regulation of Ca2+、caspase 12 and down-regulation of GRP78 (4) the redox signaling pathways: up-regulation of ROS, SOD, GST, catalase (5) MAPKs pathways: up-regulation of JNK1/2, p38 and down-regulation of ERK1/2. Our results indicated that Gyps induced inhibition of metastasis in SCC4 cells through the。Ras/ NFκB/ iNOS/ COX-2/ p53 pathway or Ras/ ERK1/2 pathway and decreased the expression of MMP 2 and MMP 9.
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Lee, Pei-Hsuan, and 李沛軒. "Effects of Celastrol on Cytosolic Ca2+ Levels and Cytotoxicity in Human Tongue Cancer Cells." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pa2p5x.
Full text
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Ho, Yung-Tsuan, and 何永鑽. "Molecular mechanisms of growth inhibition on human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells by berberine：in vitro and in vivo." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58287981675249200971.
Full textAbstract:
博士中國醫藥大學
中國醫學研究所博士班
97
1. Berberine induced apoptosis via promoting the expression of caspase-8, -9 and -3, apoptosis inducing factor and endonuclease G in SCC-4 human tongue squamous carcinoma cancer cells Phytochemicals have been recognized to have potential chemo-preventive or chemotherapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Here, we hypothesized that berberine would have anti-cancer activities in human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells. Results indicated that berberine decreased the viability of SCC-4 cells which was initiated by the generation of reactive oxygen species, via an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Berberine induced apoptosis was associated with a reduction of the mitochondrial membrane potential associated with changes in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of down-stream caspase-3. Real time PCR showed that berberine stimulated gene expression of caspase-8, -9 and -3, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and Endo G. The present study demonstrated that berberine-mediated apoptosis of SCC-4 cells is regulated by ROS, mitochondria, caspase-3 -dependent and -independent pathways, suggesting that berberine may be considered for future studies as a promising therapeutic candidate for human tongue cancer. 2. Berberine suppresses in vitro migration and invasion of human SCC-4 tongue squamous cancer cells through the inhibitions of FAK, IKK, NF-κB, u-PA and MMP-2 and -9 There is increasing evidence that urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis. Inhibition of uPA and MMPs could suppress migration and invasion of cancer cells. Berberine, one of the main constituents of the plant Rhizoma coptidis, is a type of isoquinoline alkaloid, reported to have anticancer effects in different human cancer cell lines. There is however, no available information on effects of berberine on migration and invasion of human tongue cancer cells. Here, we report that berberine inhibited migration and invasion of human SCC-4 tongue squamous carcinoma cells. This action was mediated by the p-JNK, p-ERK, p-38, IκK and NF-κB signaling pathways resulting in inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 in human SCC-4 tongue squamous carcinoma cells. These results suggest that berberine down-regulates uPA , MMP-2 and -9 expressions in SCC-4 cells through the NF-κB and MAPK mediated pathway and a novel function of berberine is to inhibit the invasive capacity of malignant cells. 3. Berberine Inhibits Human Tongue Squamous Carcinoma Cancer Tumor Growth in a Murine Xenograft Model Many evidences have been shown that dietary fruits and vegetables can act as protective for maligancies and carcinogenesis. Berberine is one of component from natural plant such as barberry. Many studies have been shown that berberine induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in many cancer cell lines. Our primary studies also showed that berberine induced apoptosis in human tongue cancer SCC-4 cells in vitro. But there is no report to show berberine inhibited SCC-4 cancer cells in vivo on a murine xenograft animal model. SCC-4 tumor cells were implanted into mice and groups of mice were treated with vehicle, berberine (10 mg/kg ) and doxorubicin (4 mg/kg ). The tested agents were injected once per four days intraperitoneally, with treatment starting 4 weeks prior to cell inoculation. Treatment with 4 mg/kg of doxorubicin or with 10 mg/kg of berberine resulted in a reduction in tumor incidence. Tumor size in xenograft mice treated with 10 mg/kg berberine was significantly smaller than that in the control group. Our findings indicate that berbeirne inhibits tumor growth in a xenograft animal model, berberine may represent a tongue cancer preventive agent.
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Lan, Sheng-Huei, and 藍昇輝. "Capsaicin induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal cancer NPC-039 cells and human squamous cell carcinoma of tongue cancer SCC-4 cells." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28805811242563350272.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國醫藥大學
營養學系碩士班
95
Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is well known as an important component from spice vegetables and it has been shown to exhibit immunostimulatory and anti-cancer activity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human nasopharyngeal cancer cells or human tongue cancer cells are poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated whether capsaicin exerts cell cyle and apoptotic effects on human nasopharyngeal cancer NPC-039 cells and human squamous cell carcinoma of tongue cancer SCC-4 cells. It was found that capsaicin could inhibit cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. This is associated with the arrest of G0/G1 phase which is closely correlated to decreased cyclin D and Cdk2 levels. In NPC-039 cells ,the induction of apoptotic cell death through up-regulation of Bax and the activation of caspases with the down-regulation of Bcl-2. This led to decreased levels of mitochondrial membrane potential. Capsaicin also induced ER stress based on the release Ca2+ and GADD153. These data clearly indicate that capsaicin-induced apoptosis is through ER stress and mitochondria-dependent pathway of NPC-039 cells. Besides these pathways,capsaicin also induced apoptosis through death receptor pathway in SCC-4 cells. Transcription of the human vanilloid receptor type-1, VR1 or TRPV1, was demonstrated by RT-PCR in NPC-039 cells. Capsaicin-induced ER stress was not reduced by the antagonist capsazepine in 25 μM, suggesting a receptor-independent mechanism.
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Lin, Yu-Ching, and 林妤青. "Crude extracts of Agaricus blazei induced apoptosis in human oral tongue cancer CAL 27 cells through mitochondria-dependent pathway." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73869555422117738225.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
生物科技學系碩士班
97
In Taiwan, oral cancer is the 4th leading cause of male cancer mortality, and it is still increasing in recent years. Cigarette smoking, betel quid chewing and alcohol consumption are popular that imposed the risk in individuals to develop oral cancer. The Basiodiomycete fungus Agaricus blazei Murill (A. blazei) is a dietary mushrooms and had been known for it’s immune-enhancing, antitumor, antioxidation, antiviral and anti-mutagenesis function. However, the exact anticancer mechanisms of A. blazei on human oral cancer cells are still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of 50% ethanol crude extracts and hot water extracts of A. blazei on oral cancer CAL 27 cells. We observed that 0.9 mg/ml and 0.7 mg/ml A. blazei could cause morphological changes and significantly decreased cell viability after 48 hours treatment. The results showed that 50% ethanol crude extracts and hot water extracts of A. blazei inhibited cell proliferation, induced the levels of Ca2+ concentration, decreased the levels of mitochondria membrane potential, and caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and commitment to apoptosis. Additionally, A. blazei could induce DNA fragmentation, a characteristic of apoptosis. The expression of apoptosis-related protein including AIF, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 was increased. Overall, we demonstrated that 50% ethanol crude extracts and hot water extracts of A. blazei could induce CAL 27 cells apoptosis via the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm and induced the activation of caspase-3.
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Wang, Yi-Chin, and 王怡勤. "Study of the mechanisms of anthocyanidins from crude black rice extract in human oral tongue cancer CAL 27 cells." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52855573522385154986.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
生物科技學系碩士班
100
There are many colored rice in rice germplasm. The pigments of colored rice are mainly located at the pericarp or seed coats of rice grain and they are anthocyanins pigments. The red cyanidins, orange pelargonidin, and purple-blue delphinidin are three major anthocyanins, which are reported to have anti-oxidative activity on lipid and scavenge activity for removing free radical. The results of HPLC analyses showed that the major anthocyanin is cyanidin-3-glucoside in the pericarp of black rice. Metastasis, the major cause of cancer death and various treatment strategies have targeted on preventing the occurrence of metastasis. The invasion of metastasis is connected with proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix(ECM) and cell adhesion, essential to achieving cell motility. Anthocyanins, a large group of natrual polyphenols existing in a wide range of daily fruits and vegetables, have been widely recognized to possess several potential as cancer chemopreventive agents. Recent studies have revealed pleiotropic anticancer and antiproliferative capabilities of anthocyanins. Therefore, it may be of great value in developing a potential cancer therapy for anthocyanins. Tumor metastasis is the most important cause of cancer death and various treatment strategies have targeted on preventing the occurrence of metastasis. The anti-metastatic mechanism of anthocyanins on the invasion/migration of human oral CAL 27 cells which were performed by used a Transwell to quantify the migratory potential of CAL 27 cells and we found that anthocyanins can inhibit in vitro migration and invasion of CAL 27 cancer cells. Besides, the gelatin zymography assay indicated that anthocyanins inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinases 2(MMP-2). Western blotting assay also showed that anthocyanins inhibited the associated protein expression of migration/invasion of CAL 27 cell. Immunofluorescence staining proved that anthocyanins inhibited Nuclear factor kappa B-p65(NF-κB p65)expressions. These results demonstrated that anthocyanins could suppress CAL 27 cell metastasis by reduction of MMP-2, MMP-9,u-PA and NF-κB p65 expression through the suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibition of NF-κB levels.
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Saleem, Saira, A. Jamshed, S. Faisal, R. Hussain, M. Tahseen, A. Loya, and Chris W. Sutton. "Patterns of cancer cell sphere formation in primary cultures of human oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma and neck nodes." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9890.
Full textAbstract:
YesRecently a sub-population of cells with stem cell characteristics, reported to be associated with initiation, growth, spread and recurrence, has been identified in several solid tumors including oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). The aim of our pilot study was to isolate CD44+ cancer stem cells from primary cultures of OTSCC and neck node Level I (node-I) biopsies, grow cell spheres and observe their characteristics in primary cultures. Parallel cultures of hyperplastic lesions of tongue (non-cancer) were set up as a control. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CD44/CD24 expression and magnetic activated cell sorting to isolate CD44+ cell populations followed by primary cell culturing. Both OTSCC and node-I biopsies produced floating spheres in suspension, however those grown in hyperplastic and node-I primary cultures did not exhibit self-renewal properties. Lymph node metastatic OTSCC, express higher CD44/CD24 levels, produce cancer cell spheres in larger number and rapidly (24 hours) compared to node negative OTSCC (1 week) and non-cancer specimens (3 weeks). In addition, metastatic OTSCC have the capacity for proliferation for up to three generations in primary culture. This in vitro system will be used to study cancer stem cell behavior, therapeutic drug screening and optimization of radiation dose for elimination of resistant cancer cells.
SKMCH&RC, Yorkshire Cancer Research
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Mandich, Marie-Alice. "Relationship of human tongue volume with inter-dental maxillary and mandibular arch width, palatal axial cross-sectional perimeter, palatal index and root axial inclination." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/1389.
Full textAbstract:
Objective : To determine the relationship of tongue volume as determined from Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan reconstructions with maxillary and mandibular arch width, axial cross-sectional palatal perimeter, palatal index and axial inclination of upper and lower first premolars and molars.
Method: Thirty subjects without prior orthodontic treatment swished barium sulfate to coat the tongue prior to CBCT imaging. The scan reconstructions were analyzed with three after-market softwares and intra-examiner reliability was assessed.
Results: Absolute agreement intra-class correlation coefficients were used to determine reliability of the measurements. Pearson correlation coefficients and regression analysis were used to determine relationships.
Conclusions: Tongue volume was strongly correlated with upper inter-molar width and palatal perimeter at the molar level, and least correlated with lower inter-molar width and axial inclination of the upper and lower first premolars and molars. The differences in measurements obtained from the three softwares were not statistically significant.
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Lai, Wan-Wen, and 賴婉文. "Effects of emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line (SCC4)." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57361134245598589794.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中國醫藥大學
醫學研究所碩士班
95
The oral cancer is an occurrence in the malignant tumor of the oral part. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say there are 30,000 new cases of oral cancer each year in USA. The oral cancer has already reached the fourth greatest cancers causes death in Taiwan. Squamous carcinoma is the most familiar malignant tumor in upper gastrointestinal tract. It account for 90%-95% of oral cancer. Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicine which has been used since ancient times and is still present today in various herbal preparations. Emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein are major components of rhubarb. The three compounds have been demonstrated that possess a number of biological activities such as anti-virus, anti-bacteria, stimulation of cytokine release, vasorelaxative, hepatoprotective, and anti-tumor activity in human cancer cell lines. There is no available information to address those three compounds effects on human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line (SCC-4). Therefore, in this study, we want to examine whether or not emodin, aloe-emodin and rhein have an anti-cancer ability of repressing the SCC4 cancer cells in Vitro. The results demonstrated that three examined compounds induced the cell cycle arrest (emodin: G2-M phase arrest; aloe-emodin and rhein: S phase arrest) and apoptosis in SCC-4 cell line. Three compounds also increased the reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ production, promoted Caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities and decreased the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential in examined SCC-4 cells. Western blotting analysis revealed that aloe-emodin promoted p53, p21 and p27 and inhibited the levels of Cyclin E and CDK2 before leading to S phase arrest. Those effects are dose time-dependent manners. Aloe-emodin promoted Caspase-3 and -9 activities, increased the levels of Bax and decreased the levels of Bcl-2. It also promoted Caspase-8 activity increased the levels of FasLigand. The western analysis maybe demonstrated that course to increase the production ROS and decreasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential before being induced apoptosis.
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Scott, Claire. ""How do I understand myself in this text-tortured land?" : identity, belonging and textuality in Antjie Krog's A change of tongue, Down to my last skin and Body bereft." Thesis, 2006.
Find full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the question, “What literary strategies can be employed to allow as many people as possible to identify themselves positively with South Africa as a nation and a country?”. I focus in particular on the possibilities for identification open to white South African women, engaging with Antjie Krog's English texts, A Change of Tongue, Down to My Last Skin and Body Bereft.
I seek to identify the textual strategies, such as a fluid structure, shifts between genre and a multiplicity of points of view, which Krog employs to examine this topic, and to highlight the ways in which the literary text is able to facilitate a fuller engagement with issues of difference and belonging in society than other discursive forms. I also consider several theoretical concepts, namely supplementarity, displacement and diaspora, that I believe offer useful ways of understanding the transformation of individual subjectivity within a transitional society.
I then explore the ways in which women identify with, and thereby create their own space within, the nation. I investigate the ways in which Krog represents women in A Change of Tongue, and discuss how Krog uses „the body‟ as a theoretical site and a performative medium through which to explore the possibilities, and the limitations, for identification with the nation facing white South African women. I also propose that by writing „the body‟, Krog foregrounds her own act of writing thereby highlighting the construction and representation of her „self‟ through the text.
I proceed to consider Krog's use of poetry as a textual strategy that enables her to explore the nuances of these themes in ways which prose does not allow. I propose that lyric poetry, as a mode of expression which emphasises the allusive, the imaginative or the affective, has a capacity to render in language those experiences, emotions and sensations that are often considered intangible or elusive. Through a selection of poems from Down to My Last Skin and Body Bereft, I examine the way in which Krog constantly re-writes the themes of belonging and identity, as well as interrogate Krog's use of poetry as a strategy that permits both the writer and the reader access to new ways of understanding experiences, in particular the way apparently ephemeral experiences can be rooted in the body. I also briefly consider the significance of the act of translation in relation to the reading of Krog's poems.
I conclude by suggesting that in A Change of Tongue, Down to My Last Skin and Body Bereft Krog engages with the project of “[writing] the white female experience back into the body of South African literature” (Jacobson “No Woman” 18), and in so doing offers possible ways in which white South African women can claim a sense of belonging within society as well as ways in which they can challenge, resist, re-construct and create their identities both as women, and as South Africans.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Gora, Ruth Babra. "Perception and attitude towards the study of African languages in Zimbabwean high schools : implications for human resources development and management." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14412.
Full textAbstract:
The study sought to explore perception and attitude towards the study of African
languages in high schools and the resultant implications on human resources
development and management. The research basically explored the diverse perception
and attitude that prevail towards African languages in African countries in general and
Zimbabwe in particular.
The descriptive survey research design was used mainly for its effectiveness in
exploratory research. Participants were drawn from selected high schools and
universities in Zimbabwe. Questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and
documentary analyses were used to collect data. Data gathered were then subjected to
both qualitative and quantitative analyses for triangulation purposes.
Major findings indicated that the perception and attitude towards the study of African
languages in Zimbabwean high schools is generally negative. English language is
preferred to and valued more than African languages. Such perception and attitude
determine choices of programmes of study at tertiary level and the selective channeling
of people into specific professional fields. Consequently, that impact on the
development and management of potential human resources in professions related to
African languages.
The current language policy in Zimbabwe has no clear instrument that defines the place
of African languages in the curriculum and work place as is the case with English. The
choice of language to study at high school is thus determined by fossilised perception
and attitude towards languages in general, coupled with lack of career guidance on the link between African languages and related career opportunities, in the belief that
English is the gateway to success. The study clearly reveals that it is the Zimbabwean
education system that should realize the potential of schools as agents of change in
improving the status of African languages. Hence the study advocates restructuring of
the curriculum.
Proposals and recommendations to re-engineer the Zimbabwean curriculum so that
indigenous African languages are made compulsory up to ‘A’ level were made. Such a
bold move would uplift the status of African languages and at the same time improve
perception and attitude towards their study as well as indirectly, but positively, impacting
on human resources development and management in related disciplines.African Languages
D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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Frýdová, Aneta. "Sledování tvarových změn kosterního svalu v závislosti na povrchové teplotě těla." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348580.
Full textAbstract:
Title: Observing of the skeletal muscle shape changes depending on human body surface temperature Objectives: The aim of this work is to observe the cross-section changes of the m. rectus femoris depending on human body surface temperature changes. The cross section of the muscle was characterized by two dimensions: VDDM (ventrodorsal dimension of muscle) and LMDM (lateromedial dimension of muscle). The body temperature was affected by local positive and negative thermotherapy methods. Methods: The first part of the experiment focused on the selection of appropriate local positive and negative thermotherapy forms. Four of them were selected (two positive thermotherapy methods - Peat thermotherapy bags and infrared heater InfraPhil HP3616 and two negative thermotherapy methods - gel bag Cryoflex and Cryogen 3 device) for the main research. Twelve subjects participated on the main experiment. Selected local positive thermotherapy methods were applied on the centre of the subject's thighs, subsequently selected negative thermotherapy methods were applied. The body surface temperature was measured immediately before application, after 30 minutes of positive thermotherapy and after subsequent negative thermotherapy application. Ultrasound images of m. rectus femoris were taken at same time. VDDM and...