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Journal articles on the topic 'Human thoracic intervertebral disc'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Teufack, Sonia, Peter Campbell, Pranshu Sharma, Tim Lachman, Lawrence Kenyon, James Harrop, and Srinivas Prasad. "Thoracic Myelopathy Due to an Intramedullary Herniated Nucleus Pulposus: First Case Report and Review of the Literature." Neurosurgery 71, no. 1 (April 8, 2012): E199—E202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3182582cf1.

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Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: Herniation of intervertebral discs is relatively common. Migration usually occurs in the ventral epidural space; very rarely discs migrate in the subdural space. No cases of intradural intramedullary disc have been reported in humans. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A case of a herniated intervertebral disc directly into the spinal cord parenchyma is presented. The patient presented with 2 weeks of progressive bilateral lower extremity numbness and weakness, saddle hypoesthesia, urinary dysfunction and gait disturbance. Spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with gadolinium revealed a solitary well-defined intramedullary lesion (T7-T8 level) with ring enhancement and focal cord expansion with significant surrounding edema. Metastatic workup and neural axis imaging was negative. A thoracic laminectomy and myelotomy was performed; the lesion was pearlescent and well circumscribed. It was densely adherent to the ventral pia and gross totally removed. Pathology was consistent with nucleus pulposus. CONCLUSION: Intradural intramedullary migration of a herniated intervertebral disc is extremely rare but should be considered in the differential. It may present in a variety of clinical scenarios, including thoracic myelopathy, and mimic intramedullary spinal cord tumor.

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2

Brown, P. J., G. L. D. Alterio, and D. Fews. "A case of invertebral disc degeneration and prolapse with Schmorl's node formation in a sheep." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 19, no. 03 (2006): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632997.

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SummaryA Schmorl's node is the herniation of nucleus pulposus through the cartilaginous end plate of the vertebral disc into the body of the adjacent vertebra. Their formation is relatively common in people, and they may be symptomatic or asymptomatic. In contrast, there are few reported cases of Schmorl's nodes in non-human animals. This report describes a case of thoracic intervertebral disc degeneration, with Schmorl's node formation in a sheep.

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3

Guo, Li-Xin, Ee-Chon Teo, and Tian-Xia Qiu. "PREDICTION OF BIOMECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTACT AND INJURED LOWER THORACIC SPINE SEGMENT UNDER DIFFERENT LOADS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 08, no. 02n03 (June 2004): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957704001259.

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In this study, the biomechanical roles of disc nucleus and ligaments of human lower thoracic spine (T10–T12) under different loads were investigated using finite element (FE) method. The T10–T12 FE model was developed and validated against the published results. The FE model was then modified accordingly to simulate the injured conditions of nucleus, ligaments and facets and loaded under different configurations to analyze the segmental gross responses and the stress distribution around the annulus circumference. The high first-principal stress of annulus at the posterolateral region has an important role on the disc annulus's tear and a flexion moment causes a high first-principal stress at posterolateral region, despite of the existence of ligaments. The study also shows that decompression in intervertebral discs can reduce the dilatation of annulus tears by 18% around the posterolateral regions of disc annulus. The disc nucleus and the posterior ligaments have important roles in resisting compression and flexion loads, respectively. The investigations in this paper not only supplement experimental research but are also helpful in the understandings of biomechanics of lower thoracic spine.

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Teo, Ee-Chon, Tian-Xia Qiu, Kai Yang, Hong-Wan Ng, and Kim-Kheng Lee. "BIOMECHANICAL EFFECT OF THORACIC POSTERIOR VERTEBRAL ELEMENTS ON PATTERNS OF THE LOCI OF INSTANTANEOUS AXES OF ROTATION IN SAGITTAL PLANE." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 07, no. 03n04 (September 2003): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957703001095.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the thoracic posterior vertebral elements on the kinematics of T10–T11 motion segment in sagittal plane by assessing the locations and loci of the instantaneous axes of rotation (IARs) under flexion and extension pure moments using finite element (FE) method. The IAR has proven to be a useful parameter of vertebral motion and it is an indicator of spinal instability. An anatomically accurate FE model of thoracic T10–T11 functional spinal unit (FSU) was used to characterize the loci of centers of rotation for the intact T10–T11 FSU and disc body unit (without posterior vertebral elements) under flexion and extension pure moments. The centers of rotation predicted by the intact model and disc body unit of thoracic T10–T11 for both flexion and extension were directly below the geometrical center of the moving vertebra. However, the loci of the IARs were significantly affected by the posterior vertebral elements. The loci of instantaneous axes of rotation for the intact model were tracked superoanteriorly and inferoposteriorly for flexion and extension with rotation, respectively. While, for the disc body unit, the loci were detected to diverge lateroinferiorly from the mid-height of the intervertebral disc, they converge medio-inferiorly toward the superior endplate of the inferior vertebra T11 with increased moment. These findings may offer an insight to better understanding the kinematics of the human thoracic spine and provide clinically relevant information for the evaluation of spinal stability and implant devices functionality.

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5

Healy, Andrew T., Prasath Mageswaran, Daniel Lubelski, Benjamin P. Rosenbaum, Virgilio Matheus, Edward C. Benzel, and Thomas E. Mroz. "Thoracic range of motion, stability, and correlation to imaging-determined degeneration." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 23, no. 2 (August 2015): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.12.spine131112.

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OBJECT The degenerative process of the spinal column results in instability followed by a progressive loss of segmental motion. Segmental degeneration is associated with intervertebral disc and facet changes, which can be quantified. Correlating this degeneration with clinical segmental motion has not been investigated in the thoracic spine. The authors sought to determine if imaging-determined degeneration would correlate with native range of motion (ROM) or the change in ROM after decompressive procedures, potentially guiding clinical decision making in the setting of spine trauma or following decompressive procedures in the thoracic spine. METHODS Multidirectional flexibility tests with image analysis were performed on thoracic cadaveric spines with intact ib cage. Specimens consisted of 19 fresh frozen human cadaveric spines, spanning C-7 to L-1. ROM was obtained for each specimen in axial rotation (AR), flexion-extension (FE), and lateral bending (LB) in the intact state and following laminectomy, unilateral facetectomy, and unilateral costotransversectomy performed at either T4–5 (in 9 specimens) or T8–9 (in 10 specimens). Image grading of segmental degeneration was performed utilizing 3D CT reconstructions. Imaging scores were obtained for disc space degeneration, which quantified osteophytes, narrowing, and endplate sclerosis, all contributing to the Lane disc summary score. Facet degeneration was quantified using the Weishaupt facet summary score, which included the scoring of facet osteophytes, narrowing, hypertrophy, subchondral erosions, and cysts. RESULTS The native ROM of specimens from T-1 to T-12 (n = 19) negatively correlated with age in AR (Pearson’s r coefficient = -0.42, p = 0.070) and FE (r = -0.42, p = 0.076). When regional ROM (across 4 adjacent segments) was considered, the presence of disc osteophytes negatively correlated with FE (r = −0.69, p = 0.012), LB (r = −0.82, p = 0.001), and disc narrowing trended toward significance in AR (r = −0.49, p = 0.107). Facet characteristics, scored using multiple variables, showed minimal correlation to native ROM (r range from −0.45 to +0.19); however, facet degeneration scores at the surgical level revealed strong negative correlations with regional thoracic stability following decompressive procedures in AR and LB (Weishaupt facet summary score: r = −0.52 and r = −0.71; p = 0.084 and p = 0.010, respectively). Disc degeneration was not correlated (Lane disc summary score: r = −0.06, p = 0.861). CONCLUSIONS Advanced age was the most important determinant of decreasing native thoracic ROM, whereas imaging characteristics (T1–12) did not correlate with the native ROM of thoracic specimens with intact rib cages. Advanced facet degeneration at the surgical level did correlate to specimen stability following decompressive procedures, and is likely indicative of the terminal stages of segmental degeneration.

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6

Tan, C. I., G. Neil Kent, A. G. Randall, S. J. Edmondston, and K. P. Singer. "Age-Related Changes in Collagen, Pyridinoline, and Deoxypyridinoline in Normal Human Thoracic Intervertebral Discs." Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 58, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): B387—B393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/58.5.b387.

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7

Kabak, S. L., V. V. Zatochnaya, and N. O. Zhizhko-Mikhasevich. "X-ray genetic phenotype of congenital disease development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Medical series 15, no. 4 (January 14, 2019): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1814-6023-2018-15-4-414-421.

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The aim of the study is to describe the radiological phenotype of vertebral malformations in congenital scoliosis and to discuss the possible mechanisms of morphogenesis of some of these anomalies. The article describes 5 cases of complete or partial splitting in the sagittal plane of the body of one of the thoracic vertebrae (butterfly-shaped vertebra). The anterior vertebral cleft was combined with other congenital vertebral anomalies: block of vertebra, hemivertebrae, spina bifida posterior. All patients had scoliosis with right-sided or left-sided curves. In the human fetuses of the first trimester of gestation without visible malformations in the cartilaginous anlages of the thoracic vertebral bodies we revealed the presence of one o three centers of ossification, and in the fetus with exensephaly – the lack of the intervertebral disc anlage between the bodies C2-C3. According to the published data, the etiology of congenital vertebral anomalies is multifactorial. In the pathogenesis of this pathology, there is a violation of local blood flow due to the anomalous course of intersegmental arteries and as a consequence – a complete or partial separation of adjacent somites or associated mesenchyme. According to the published data, a possible cause of the anterior cleft may be untimely an involution of cartilage canals, the growth of which in the cartilaginous anlage of the vertebral body precedes the appearance of the ossification center. The absence of the intervertebral disk at a considerable length between the cartilaginous anlages of bodies 2 and 3 of the cervical vertebrae in the human fetus with exencephaly indicates a close relationship between the axial skeleton and the neural tube.

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8

Kunkel, Maria E., Andrea Herkommer, Michael Reinehr, Tobias M. Böckers, and Hans-Joachim Wilke. "Morphometric analysis of the relationships between intervertebral disc and vertebral body heights: an anatomical and radiographic study of the human thoracic spine." Journal of Anatomy 219, no. 3 (May 25, 2011): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01397.x.

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9

Weiler, C., M. Schietzsch, T. Kirchner, A. G. Nerlich, N. Boos, and K. Wuertz. "Age-related changes in human cervical, thoracal and lumbar intervertebral disc exhibit a strong intra-individual correlation." European Spine Journal 21, S6 (August 12, 2011): 810–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00586-011-1922-3.

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10

Lohse, C. L., D. M. Hyde, and D. R. Benson. "Comparative Development of Thoracic Intervertebral Discs and Intra-Articular Ligaments in the Human, Monkey, Mouse, and Cat." Cells Tissues Organs 122, no. 4 (1985): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000146019.

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11

Pooni, JS, DWL Hukins, PF Harris, RC Hilton, and KE Davies. "Comparison of the structure of human intervertebral discs in the cervical, thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 8, no. 3 (September 1986): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02427846.

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12

de Bruin, Freek, Anoek de Koning, Rosaline van den Berg, Xenofon Baraliakos, Juergen Braun, Sofia Ramiro, Floris A. van Gaalen, Monique Reijnierse, and Désirée van der Heijde. "Development of the CT Syndesmophyte Score (CTSS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: data from the SIAS cohort." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 77, no. 3 (November 10, 2017): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212553.

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ObjectivesTo develop the CT Syndesmophyte Score (CTSS) for low-dose CT (ldCT) to assess structural damage in the spine of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and test its reliability.MethodsPatientswith AS in the SIAS cohort had whole spine ldCT at baseline and 2 years. Syndesmophytes were scored in coronal and sagittal planes in eight quadrants per vertebral unit (VU) as absent=0, <50% of the intervertebral disc space (IDS)=1, ≥50%=2 or bridging the IDS=3 (range 0–552). Images were scored by two readers, paired by patient, blinded to time order. Whole spine and spinal segment status and change scores were calculated. Inter-reader reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), smallest detectable change (SDC) and frequency of scores per VU.Results49 patients (mean age 50 years (SD 9.8), 84% men, 88% human leucocyte antigen B27 positive) were included. Mean (SD) scores of reader 1 were: whole spine baseline status score 163 (126) and change score 16 (21), spinal segment baseline status scores 30 (41), 97 (77) and 36 (36) and change scores 2 (7), 12 (18) and 3 (4) for the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine, respectively. Scores of reader 2 were similar. Whole spine status score ICC was 0.99 and 0.97–0.98 for spinal segments. Whole spine change score ICC was 0.77 and 0.32–0.75 for spinal segments. Whole-spine SDC was 14.4. Score distribution pattern per VU was similar between readers.ConclusionsUsing the CTSS, new bone formation in the spine of patients with AS can be assessed reliably. Most progression was seen in the thoracic spine.

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13

Blumenkopf, B. "Thoracic intervertebral disc herniations." Neurosurgery 23, no. 1 (July 1988): 36???40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-198807000-00008.

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14

Drouard, F., K. Feige, G. Soldati, C. Schwarzwald, and M. Fluckiger. "Thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion in a donkey." Veterinary Record 152, no. 21 (May 21, 2003): 660–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.152.21.660.

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15

Gruber, Helen, Edward Hanley, Kelly Leslie, and Jane Ingram. "Human intervertebral disc cells." Spine Journal 2, no. 5 (September 2002): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1529-9430(02)00230-9.

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16

Kurenkov, E. L., and V. V. Makarova Makarova. "Ontogenesis of Human Intervertebral Disc." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 7, no. 1 (2018): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2018-7-1-98-107.

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17

Johnson, William E. B., Sarit Sivan, Karina T. Wright, Stephen M. Eisenstein, Alice Maroudas, and Sally Roberts. "Human Intervertebral Disc Cells Promote Nerve Growth Over Substrata of Human Intervertebral Disc Aggrecan." Spine 31, no. 11 (May 2006): 1187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000217669.04903.61.

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18

Chua, Nicholas H. L., Ismail Gültuna, Patricia Riezebos, Tjemme Beems, and Kris C. Vissers. "Percutaneous Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Nucleoplasty: Technical Notes from 3 Patients with Painful Thoracic Disc Herniations." Asian Spine Journal 5, no. 1 (2011): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4184/asj.2011.5.1.15.

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19

Stern, Sebastian, Klaus Lindenhayn, and Carsten Perka. "Human Intervertebral Disc Cell Culture for Disc Disorders." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 419 (February 2004): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200402000-00039.

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20

Blumenkopf, Bennett. "Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Herniations: Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Neurosurgery 23, no. 1 (June 1, 1988): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198807000-00008.

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ABSTRACT Thoracic disc herniation is relatively rare and frequently poses a challenge in clinical diagnosis. These protrusions have been categorized into two major anatomical types and three main clinical syndromes. A number of characteristic radiographic features have been reported. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained popularity as a neurodiagnostic imaging tool. A series of nine cases of thoracic intervertebral disc herniation is reported. The clinical aspects of the cases are discussed, and the potential value of spine MRI for thoracic disc herniation diagnosis is emphasized.

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21

Yamada, Kyoichi, Toshio Tokuhisa, Kunio Kobayashi, and Masakazu Kozuma. "Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Calcification in Adults. A Case Report." Orthopedics & Traumatology 42, no. 4 (1993): 1519–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5035/nishiseisai.42.1519.

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22

Lee, Jung-Shun, and Chien-Kuo Wang. "Unilateral foot drop caused by thoracic herniated intervertebral disc." International Journal of Case Reports and Images 10 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/101078z01hh2019cr.

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23

Bruckner, F. E., A. Greco, and A. W. L. Leung. "‘Benign Thoracic Pain’ Syndrome: Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Detection and Localization of Thoracic Disc Disease." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 82, no. 2 (February 1989): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688908200208.

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The syndrome of ‘benign thoracic pain’ is seen in young women who have pain and tenderness in the mid-thoracic spine radiating around the chest and aggravated by spinal movement. Ten consecutive patients with this syndrome and 15 controls were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This showed thoracic intervertebral disc dehydration with no associated prolapse in 90% of the patients and 13% of the controls. We postulate that the clinical features are due to impaired shock absorption of these degenerate discs rather than direct compression of surrounding structures. MRI is non-invasive and does not use ionizing radiation; it allows direct visualization of the entire thoracic spine and cord, and accurate detection of early disc degeneration. Thus, it is the imaging modality of choice for defining the subtle intervertebral disc abnormalities that characterize the ‘benign thoracic pain’ syndrome.

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24

Buckwalter, J. A. "PROTEOGLYCANS OF HUMAN INFANT INTERVERTEBRAL DISC." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 5, no. 5 (September 1985): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-198509000-00056.

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25

Fujita, Kyosuke, Tomoyuki Nakagawa, Kiyoshi Hirabayashi, and Yutaka Nagai. "Neutral Proteinases in Human Intervertebral Disc." Spine 18, no. 13 (October 1993): 1766–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199310000-00009.

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26

Kurenkov, E. L., and V. V. Makarova. "Normal Anatomy of Human Intervertebral Disc." Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology 6, no. 3 (2017): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2225-7357-2017-6-3-117-128.

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27

Humzah, M. D., and R. W. Soames. "Human intervertebral disc: Structure and function." Anatomical Record 220, no. 4 (April 1988): 337–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092200402.

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28

Colombini, Alessandra, Giovanni Lombardi, Massimiliano Marco Corsi, and Giuseppe Banfi. "Pathophysiology of the human intervertebral disc." International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 40, no. 5 (January 2008): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2007.12.011.

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29

Ashton, I. K., S. Roberts, D. C. Jaffray, J. M. Polak, and S. M. Eisenstein. "Neuropeptides in the human intervertebral disc." Journal of Orthopaedic Research 12, no. 2 (March 1994): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100120206.

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30

Sari, Hidayet, Tugce Ozekli Misirlioglu, and Deniz Palamar. "Regression of a symptomatic thoracic disc herniation with a calcified intervertebral disc component." Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica 50, no. 6 (December 2016): 698–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aott.2015.05.002.

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31

Shikata, Jitsuhiko, Takao Yamamuro, Hirokazu Iida, and Naoya Kashiwagi. "Multiple Thoracic Disc Herniations: Case Report." Neurosurgery 22, no. 6P1-P2 (June 1, 1988): 1068–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198806010-00016.

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Abstract Multiple thoracic disc herniation is rare, and one of the main problems in its treatment has been the lack of accuracy in diagnostic tests. Now, with the advent of computed tomographic scanning with metrizamide in the subaraehnoid space, the accuracy has been greatly improved. With computed tomographic scanning, the type and level of the lesion can be demonstrated, even when the myelographic study is unclear. Our report describes the case of a 38-year-old man with multiple thoracic intervertebral disc herniation, who also exhibited symptoms of spinal cord compression. Computed tomographic metrizamide myelography clearly showed anterior compression of the spinal cord due to disc herniation at T5-T6, T6-T7, T7-T8, T8-T9, and T9-T10. Removal ofthe herniated discs was followed by interbody fusion using autogenous bone grafts, and excellent results were obtained.

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Bury, R. W., and T. Powell. "Prolapsed thoracic intervertebral disc: The importance of CT assisted myelography." Clinical Radiology 40, no. 4 (July 1989): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9260(89)80142-4.

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Lehman, L. B. "Paraparesis during myelography associated with a ruptured thoracic intervertebral disc." Neurosurgery 24, no. 6 (June 1989): 912???4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-198906000-00021.

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Lehman, L. B. "Paraparesis during Myelography Associated with a Ruptured Thoracic Intervertebral Disc." Neurosurgery 24, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 912–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198906000-00021.

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ABSTRACT Serious or permanent neurological complications following routine lumbar myelography are uncommon in clinical practice. We describe the sudden and dramatic onset of a symmetrical dense paraparesis in a patient after an uneventful lumbar puncture performed during myelography. A herniated thoracic intervertebral disc was subsequently diagnosed and successfully treated.

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Slonimsky, Einat, Merav Lidar, Myriam Stern, and Iris Eshed. "Degenerative changes of the thoracic spine do exist in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: a detailed thoracic spine CT analysis." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 11 (February 26, 2018): 1343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185118761205.

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Background Degenerative intervertebral disease (DID) is an exclusion criterion in the Resnick and Niwayama radiographic classification for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). However, although DID was previously described in DISH, no systematic computed tomography (CT) analysis has been reported so far. Purpose To assess for the presence and prevalence of such changes on CT examinations of the thoracic spine of individuals with DISH. Material and Methods Intervertebral space (D1–L1) on chest CT examinations of DISH patients was retrospectively evaluated for the presence of DID. Parameters evaluated were disc space height, disc protrusion, subchondral cysts/sclerosis, Schmorl nodes, vacuum phenomenon, and posterior elements including costovertebral and facet joints. Parameters were compared with two age- and gender-matched control groups of individuals whose entire spine CT lacked evidence of DISH (Control 1 individuals < 2 flowing osteophytes, Control 2 individuals < 4 and ≥ 2 flowing osteophytes). Results A total of 158 participants (DISH/Control 1/Control 2 = 54/54/50; 106 men, 52 women; average age = 70.6 years) were evaluated. Average intervertebral disc height was significantly lower in the DISH group compared with both control groups (DISH/Control 1/Control 2 = 4.55/5.13/5.01 mm, P < 0.001). Costovertebral degenerative changes were more prevalent in DISH patients ( P < 0.05) and, except for vacuum phenomenon (more prevalent in controls), other DID changes were as prevalent in DISH as in controls. Conclusion The presence of degenerative intervertebral changes on thoracic CT should not deter from diagnosing DISH. Thus, the radiographic Resnick and Niwayama DISH criteria cannot be directly adapted to CT.

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Lippross, Sebastian, Paul Girmond, Katja A. Lüders, Friederike Austein, Lena Braunschweig, Stefan Lüders, Konstantinos Tsaknakis, Heiko M. Lorenz, and Anna K. Hell. "Smaller Intervertebral Disc Volume and More Disc Degeneration after Spinal Distraction in Scoliotic Children." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102124.

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In recent decades, magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) were established to treat progressive early-onset scoliosis. The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of long-term MCGR with continuous distraction on intervertebral discs in scoliotic children. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 33 children with spinal muscular atrophy was analyzed by grading intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and measuring intervertebral disc volume. Cohort I (n = 17) were children who had continuous spinal distraction with MCGRs for 5.1 years and MRI before (av. age 8.1) and after (av. age 13.4) MCGR treatment. Cohort II (n = 16, av. age 13.7) were patients without prior surgical treatment. Lumbar intervertebral disc volume of cohort I did not change during 5.1 years of MCGR treatment, whereas disc volumes were significantly larger in age- and disease-matched children without prior treatment (cohort II). Cohort I showed more IDD after MCGR treatment in comparison to early MRI studies of the same patients and children without surgical treatment. MRI data showed a volume reduction and disc degeneration of lower thoracic and lumbar intervertebral discs in scoliotic children after continuous spinal distraction with MCGRs. These effects were confirmed in the same subjects before and after treatment as well as in surgically untreated controls.

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Kang, Ho-Yeong, and Sang-Ho Lee. "CT-guided percutaneous thoracic disc decompression with spinal endoscopy: 19 cases of upper and middle thoracic intervertebral disc." ArgoSpine News & Journal 22, no. 3 (September 2010): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12240-010-0042-y.

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38

Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "An Update of the Systematic Appraisal of the Accuracy and Utility of Discography in Chronic Spinal Pain." January 2018 1, no. 21;1 (February 15, 2018): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2018.2.91.

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Background: The intervertebral disc has been implicated as a major cause of chronic spinal pain based on clinical, basic science, and epidemiological research. There is, however, a lack of consensus regarding the diagnosis and treatment of intervertebral disc disorders. Based on controlled evaluations, lumbar intervertebral discs have been shown to be the source of chronic back pain without disc herniation in 26% to 39% of patients, and in 16% to 53% of patients with pain in the cervical spine. Lumbar, cervical, and thoracic provocation discography, which includes disc stimulation and morphological evaluation, is often used to distinguish a painful disc from other potential sources of pain. Despite the extensive literature on point, intense debate continues about lumbar discography as a diagnostic tool. Study Design: A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar, cervical, and thoracic provocation and analgesic discography literature. Objective: To systematically assess and re-evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of lumbar, cervical, and thoracic discography. Methods: The available literature on discography was reviewed. A methodological quality assessment of included studies was performed using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies (QAREL) checklist. Only diagnostic accuracy studies meeting at least 50% of the designated inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. To assess the level of evidence, a modified grading of qualitative evidence criteria was utilized, with grading of evidence into 5 categories from Level I to Level V incorporating evidence obtained from multiple high quality diagnostic accuracy studies for Level I and opinion or consensus of a large group of clinicians and/or scientists for Level V. Data sources included relevant literature identified through searches of PubMed and EMBASE from 1966 to June 2017, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles. Results: Over 100 manuscripts were considered for inclusion. Of these, 8 studies met inclusion criteria for diagnostic accuracy and prevalence with 5 studies assessing lumbar provocation discography and 3 studies assessing cervical discography. The results showed variable prevalence from 16.9% to 26% for discogenic pain and 16.9% to 42% for internal disc disruption. The cervical discogenic pain prevalence ranged from 16% to 53%. Based on methodological quality assessment criteria the strength of evidence for lumbar provocation discography is Level III and for cervical discogenic pain is Level IV. Limitations: Despite multiple publications in the lumbar spine, value and validity of discography continues to be debated. In reference to cervical and thoracic discography, the available literature and value and validity continues to be low. Conclusion: This systematic review illustrates that lumbar provocation discography performed according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) criteria may be a useful tool for evaluating chronic lumbar discogenic pain. The evidence is weaker for cervical and nonexistent for thoracic discography. Key words: Lumbar intervertebral disc, cervical intervertebral disc, thoracic intervertebral disc, discography, provocation discography, analgesic discography, diagnostic accuracy, prevalence

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Maseda, Masafumi, Hiromi Yamaguchi, Kazumichi Kuroda, Masako Mitsumata, Yasuaki Tokuhashi, and Mariko Esumi. "Proteomic Analysis of Human Intervertebral Disc Degeneration." Journal of Nihon University Medical Association 75, no. 1 (2016): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4264/numa.75.1_16.

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Shine, Kristy M., Jacob A. Simson, and Myron Spector. "Lubricin Distribution in the Human Intervertebral Disc." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 91, no. 9 (September 2009): 2205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/jbjs.h.01344.

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Beeravolu, Naimisha, Jared Brougham, Irfan Khan, Christina McKee, Mick Perez-Cruet, and G. Rasul Chaudhry. "Human umbilical cord derivatives regenerate intervertebral disc." Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 12, no. 1 (March 22, 2017): e579-e591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/term.2330.

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Cotten, A., M. Sakka, A. Drizenko, J. Clarisse, and JP Francke. "Antenatal differentiation of the human intervertebral disc." Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 16, no. 1 (March 1994): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01627921.

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Gruber, Helen E., Gretchen L. Hoelscher, Jane A. Ingram, Synthia Bethea, and Edward N. Hanley. "Autophagy in the Degenerating Human Intervertebral Disc." Spine 40, no. 11 (June 2015): 773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000000865.

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Roberts, Caterson, Menage, Evans, and Eisenstein. "Enzyme degradation products in human intervertebral disc." International Journal of Experimental Pathology 81, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): A22—A23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2613.2000.0145y.x.

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Domán, István, and Tamás Illés. "Thermal analysis of the human intervertebral disc." Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 61, no. 1-2 (October 2004): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbbm.2004.06.004.

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Melrose, J., P. Ghosh, and T. K. F. Taylor. "Neutral proteinases of the human intervertebral disc." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 923, no. 3 (March 1987): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(87)90058-4.

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Richardson, S. M., R. Knowles, D. Marples, J. A. Hoyland, and A. Mobasheri. "Aquaporin expression in the human intervertebral disc." Journal of Molecular Histology 39, no. 3 (February 6, 2008): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10735-008-9166-1.

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OKTAY, GÜLGÜN, ALEV GÜNER, CÜL GÜNER, MEMDUH KERMAN, and UǦUR PABUÇCUOǦLU. "Lipid analysis in human intervertebral disc material." Biochemical Society Transactions 23, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 299S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst023299s.

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Pauza, Kevin. "Cadaveric Intervertebral Disc Temperature Mapping During Disc Biacuplasty." October 2008 5;11, no. 10;5 (October 14, 2008): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/669.

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Background: Disc Biacuplasty is a procedure for treating discogenic pain through neuron ablation by heating intervertebral disc tissue using cooled, bipolar radiofrequency (RF) technology. This study demonstrates temperature profiles created by disc biacuplasty in human cadavers. Objective: To assess temperature profiles created by disc biacuplasty in human cadaver discs. Design: The design of the experiment is a cadaver study with temperature monitoring in the intervertebral disc during disc biacuplasty. Method: Seven human cadaver discs were sectioned from 2 cadavers. Each disc was instrumented with 11 temperature sensors and 2 cooled radiofrequency probes. Correct placement was verified with the aid of fluoroscopy. The discs were then immersed in a 37°C thermostatic water bath and the treatment protocol was applied. Temperatures were monitored as the discs were heated. Results: At 13 minutes, with the settings used in this study, the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) temperature reached 40±3°C. The anterior disc reached 41±3°C. The outer layer of the posterior annulus fibrosus was heated to 54±6°C and the inner two-thirds of the posterior annulus fibrosus reached temperatures of 60±6°C. Conclusions: The anterior disc and PLL remained at safe temperatures below 45°C while temperatures throughout the center posterior and posterolateral disc were all raised above 45°C, sufficient for neural ablation. Key words: denervation, intervertebral disc, discogenic pain, radiofrequency ablation, transdiscal, disc biacuplasty

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Jho, Hae-Dong. "Endoscopic microscopic transpedicular thoracic discectomy." Neurosurgical Focus 4, no. 2 (February 1998): E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.1998.4.2.10.

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In an effort to make thoracic discectomy simple and less invasive while using direct visualization, a 70š-angled lens endoscope has been adopted to visualize the ventral aspect of the spinal cord dura mater during microsurgical thoracic discectomy via a transpedicular approach. The patient is positioned in a 60š forwardly inclined lateral position with the side of the lesion facing upward. After radiographic corroboration of the correct level, a transpedicular approach is made using a 1.5-cm-diameter tubular retractor through a 2-cm-long paramedian transverse skin incision. With the aid of an operating microscope, the ipsilateral facet joint, including the upper portion of the pedicle, is removed using a high-speed drill, thus exposing the neural foramen, intervertebral disc, and upper portion of the pedicle leading to the vertebral bodies. When the herniated disc and bone spur have been removed laterally in relation to the spinal cord, creating a cavity under the operating microscope, a 4-mm-diameter rigid endoscope with a 70š-angled lens is mounted to an endoscope holder so that the ventral aspect of the spinal cord dura mater can be visualized directly. With the aid of direct endoscopic visualization, the disc and bone spur, which compress the spinal cord anteriorly, are pushed away toward a cavity created at the intervertebral space and are removed using a downward-biting long-armed curette. Patients with myelopathy are kept overnight in the hospital; however, those with radiculopathy are discharged home on the same day as their operation. The surgical technique and two illustrative cases are reported.

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