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Corina, David P., and Heather Patterson Knapp. "Signed Language and Human Action Processing." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1145, no. 1 (December 2008): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1416.023.
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Gabarró-López, Sílvia, and Laurence Meurant. "Contrasting signed and spoken languages." Languages in Contrast 22, no. 2 (August 23, 2022): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.00024.gab.
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Abstract For years, the study of spoken languages, on the basis of written and then also oral productions, was the only way to investigate the human language capacity. As an introduction to this first volume of Languages in Contrast devoted to the comparison of spoken and signed languages, we propose to look at the reasons for the late emergence of the consideration of signed languages and multimodality in language studies. Next, the main stages of the history of sign language research are summarized. We highlight the benefits of studying cross-modal and multimodal data, as opposed to the isolated investigation of signed or spoken languages, and point out the remaining methodological obstacles to this approach. This contextualization prefaces the presentation of the outline of the volume.
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Slobin, Dan Isaac. "Breaking the Molds: Signed Languages and the Nature of Human Language." Sign Language Studies 8, no. 2 (2008): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sls.2008.0004.
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Robinson, Octavian. "Puppets, Jesters, Memes, and Benevolence Porn: The Spectacle of Access." Przegląd Kulturoznawczy, no. 3 (53) (December 14, 2022): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843860pk.22.024.16613.
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Signed language interpreters’proximity to significant political figures and entertainers invites the nondisabled gaze. The spotlight on interpreters in the media is a symptom of celebrity culture intersected with toxic benevolence. This paper considers media attention given interpreters as a site of tension surrounding attitudes toward access for disabled people. Signed language interpretation is provided for deaf people’s access. The presence of signed language interpreters in public spaces and their proximity to significant figures subjects signed languages to public consumption, which is then rendered into sources of entertainment for nonsigning people. The reduction of signed language interpreters to entertainment material signifies the value placed upon accessibility, creates hostile workspaces for signed language interpreters, and reinforces notions of signed languages as novelties. Such actions have adverse effects on signing deaf people’s linguistic human rights and their ability to participate as informed citizens in their respective communities. The media, its audiences, and some of the ways that interpreters have embraced such attention have actively co-produced signed language interpretation as a venue for ableism, linguistic chauvinism, and displacement.
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Corina, David. "Sign language and the brain: Apes, apraxia, and aphasia." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00043338.
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AbstractThe study of signed languages has inspired scientific' speculation regarding foundations of human language. Relationships between the acquisition of sign language in apes and man are discounted on logical grounds. Evidence from the differential hreakdown of sign language and manual pantomime places limits on the degree of overlap between language and nonlanguage motor systems. Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals neural areas of convergence and divergence underlying signed and spoken languages.
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Thompson, Robin L., David P. Vinson, Bencie Woll, and Gabriella Vigliocco. "The Road to Language Learning Is Iconic." Psychological Science 23, no. 12 (November 12, 2012): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612459763.
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An arbitrary link between linguistic form and meaning is generally considered a universal feature of language. However, iconic (i.e., nonarbitrary) mappings between properties of meaning and features of linguistic form are also widely present across languages, especially signed languages. Although recent research has shown a role for sign iconicity in language processing, research on the role of iconicity in sign-language development has been mixed. In this article, we present clear evidence that iconicity plays a role in sign-language acquisition for both the comprehension and production of signs. Signed languages were taken as a starting point because they tend to encode a higher degree of iconic form-meaning mappings in their lexicons than spoken languages do, but our findings are more broadly applicable: Specifically, we hypothesize that iconicity is fundamental to all languages (signed and spoken) and that it serves to bridge the gap between linguistic form and human experience.
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Wolfe, Rosalee, John C. McDonald, Thomas Hanke, Sarah Ebling, Davy Van Landuyt, Frankie Picron, Verena Krausneker, Eleni Efthimiou, Evita Fotinea, and Annelies Braffort. "Sign Language Avatars: A Question of Representation." Information 13, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info13040206.
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Given the achievements in automatically translating text from one language to another, one would expect to see similar advancements in translating between signed and spoken languages. However, progress in this effort has lagged in comparison. Typically, machine translation consists of processing text from one language to produce text in another. Because signed languages have no generally-accepted written form, translating spoken to signed language requires the additional step of displaying the language visually as animation through the use of a three-dimensional (3D) virtual human commonly known as an avatar. Researchers have been grappling with this problem for over twenty years, and it is still an open question. With the goal of developing a deeper understanding of the challenges posed by this question, this article gives a summary overview of the unique aspects of signed languages, briefly surveys the technology underlying avatars and performs an in-depth analysis of the features in a textual representation for avatar display. It concludes with a comparison of these features and makes observations about future research directions.
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Mcburney, Susan Lloyd. "William Stokoe and the discipline of sign language linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 28, no. 1-2 (September 7, 2001): 143–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.28.1.10mcb.
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Summary The first modern linguistic analysis of a signed language was published in 1960 – William Clarence Stokoe’s (1919–2000) Sign Language Structure. Although the initial impact of Stokoe’s monograph on linguistics and education was minimal, his work formed a solid base for what was to become a new field of research: American Sign Language (ASL) Linguistics. Together with the work of those that followed (in particular Ursula Bellugi and colleagues), Stokoe’s ground-breaking work on the structure of ASL has led to an acceptance of signed languages as autonomous linguistic systems that exhibit the complex structure characteristic of all human languages.
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Wilbur, Ronnie B. "What does the study of signed languages tell us about ‘language’?" Investigating Understudied Sign Languages - Croatian SL and Austrian SL, with comparison to American SL 9, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2006): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.9.1.04wil.
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Linguists focusing on what all languages have in common seek to identify universals, tendencies, and other patterns to construct a general model of human language, Universal Grammar (UG). The design features of this model are that it must account for linguistic universals, account for linguistic diversity, and account for language learnability. Sign languages contribute to the construction of this model by providing a new source of data, permitting the claims and assumptions of UG to be rigorously tested and modified. One result of this research has been that the notion of ‘language’ itself has been clarified, clearly separating it from speech. It has also been possible to identify the design features of ‘natural languages’ themselves, and then to explain why pedagogical signing systems are not natural languages. This paper provides an overview of these issues.
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Knapp, Heather Patterson, and David P. Corina. "A human mirror neuron system for language: Perspectives from signed languages of the deaf." Brain and Language 112, no. 1 (January 2010): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2009.04.002.
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Corina, David, and Wendy Sandler. "On the nature of phonological structure in sign language." Phonology 10, no. 2 (August 1993): 165–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700000038.
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The study of phonological structure and patterns across languages is seen by contemporary phonologists as a way of gaining insight into language as a cognitive system. Traditionally, phonologists have focused on spoken languages. More recently, we have observed a growing interest in the grammatical system underlying signed languages of the deaf. This development in the field of phonology provides a natural laboratory for investigating language universals. As grammatical systems, in part, reflect the modality in which they are expressed, the comparison of spoken and signed languages permits us to separate those aspects of grammar which are modality-dependent from those which are shared by all human languages. On the other hand, modality-dependent characteristics must also be accounted for by a comprehensive theory of language. Comparing languages in two modalities is therefore of theoretical importance for both reasons: establishing modality-independent linguistic universals, and accounting for modality-dependent structure and organisation.
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Efthimiou, Eleni, Stavroula-Evita Fotinea, Theodore Goulas, Anna Vacalopoulou, Kiki Vasilaki, and Athanasia-Lida Dimou. "Sign Language Technologies and the Critical Role of SL Resources in View of Future Internet Accessibility Services." Technologies 7, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7010018.
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In this paper, we touch upon the requirement for accessibility via Sign Language as regards dynamic composition and exchange of new content in the context of natural language-based human interaction, and also the accessibility of web services and electronic content in written text by deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. In this framework, one key issue remains the option for composition of signed “text”, along with the ability for the reuse of pre-existing signed “text” by exploiting basic editing facilities similar to those available for written text that serve vocal language representation. An equally critical related issue is accessibility of vocal language text by born or early deaf signers, as well as the use of web-based facilities via Sign Language-supported interfaces, taking into account that the majority of native signers present limited reading skills. It is, thus, demonstrated how Sign Language technologies and resources may be integrated in human-centered applications, enabling web services and content accessibility in the education and an everyday communication context, in order to facilitate integration of signer populations in a societal environment that is strongly defined by smart life style conditions. This potential is also demonstrated by end-user-evaluation results.
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Perniss, Pamela, and Gabriella Vigliocco. "The bridge of iconicity: from a world of experience to the experience of language." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1651 (September 19, 2014): 20130300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0300.
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Iconicity, a resemblance between properties of linguistic form (both in spoken and signed languages) and meaning, has traditionally been considered to be a marginal, irrelevant phenomenon for our understanding of language processing, development and evolution. Rather, the arbitrary and symbolic nature of language has long been taken as a design feature of the human linguistic system. In this paper, we propose an alternative framework in which iconicity in face-to-face communication (spoken and signed) is a powerful vehicle for bridging between language and human sensori-motor experience, and, as such, iconicity provides a key to understanding language evolution, development and processing. In language evolution, iconicity might have played a key role in establishing displacement (the ability of language to refer beyond what is immediately present), which is core to what language does; in ontogenesis, iconicity might play a critical role in supporting referentiality (learning to map linguistic labels to objects, events, etc., in the world), which is core to vocabulary development. Finally, in language processing, iconicity could provide a mechanism to account for how language comes to be embodied (grounded in our sensory and motor systems), which is core to meaningful communication.
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Volterra, Virginia, Olga Capirci, Pasquale Rinaldi, and Laura Sparaci. "From action to spoken and signed language through gesture." Interaction Studies 19, no. 1-2 (September 17, 2018): 216–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.17027.vol.
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Abstract We review major developmental evidence on the continuity from action to gesture to word and sign in human children, highlighting the important role of caregivers in the development of multimodal communication. In particular, the basic issues considered here and contributing to the current debate on the origins and development of the language-ready brain are: (1) links between early actions, gestures and words and similarities in representational strategies; (2) importance of multimodal communication and the interplay between gestures and spoken words; (3) interconnections between early actions, gestures and signs. The innovation of this report is in connecting these themes together to relevant findings from studies on children between 6 and 36 months of age and highlighting interesting parallels in studies on ape communicative behavior.
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Corballis, Michael C. "How language evolved from manual gestures." Gesture 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 200–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.12.2.04cor.
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Several lines of evidence suggest that human language originated in manual gestures, not vocal calls. These are the ability of nonhuman primates to use manual action flexibly and intentionally, the nature of the primate mirror system and its homology with the language circuits in the human brain, the relative success in teaching apes to communicate manually rather than vocally, the ready invention of sophisticated signed languages by the deaf, the critical role of pointing in the way young children learn language, and the correlation between handedness and cerebral asymmetry for language. A gradual switch from manual to facial and vocal expression may have occurred late in hominin evolution, with speech reaching its present level of autonomy only in our own species, Homo sapiens.
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van der Hulst, Harry. "Units in the analysis of signs." Phonology 10, no. 2 (August 1993): 209–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095267570000004x.
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The assumption that there is a common set of linguistic principles underlying both spoken language and sign language phonology, which forms part of the human language capacity, is shared by most phonologists working on sign language. See Sandler (1993a) for an extensive discussion of these issues. But even though this assumption is reasonable, since both spoken and signed languages are products of the same human brain and fulfil the same function, it is not clear that theories of representation which have been proposed for spoken languages can be directly applied to the structure of sign languages. Such representations have been developed on the basis of the spoken language modality only. They are often so close to the phonetics of spoken languages that we cannot rule out the possibility that non-trivial aspects of them are modality-specific. Therefore, rather than, for example, attempting to test various competing (spoken language-based) theories of syllable structure, we must first investigate the structure of sign language in its own right. This strategy need not be pushed too far, however. In developing a model of signs we can benefit from general principles which have proved successful in the study of spoken languages, especially if these principles do not seem to be directly based on ‘spoken phonetics’.
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Cogill-Koez, Dorothea. "A model of signed language classifier predicates as templated visual representation." Sign Language and Linguistics 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 209–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.3.2.04cog.
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A model of signed language classifier predicates is presented in which these forms are held to be a mode, not of linguistic, but of visual representation. This representation is largely schematic, combining discrete parts drawn from a finite set. Some of these parts or templates may be truly digital or undeformable in nature, but some are argued to contain elastic parameters, allowing for the conventional use of analogue or free-form representation. The model of classifier predicates as templated visual representation thus accommodates their discrete-combinatorial structure (previously interpreted as evidence of their linguistic nature), and also accounts for the mix of fixed and nonfinite elements in them, thus solving formal problems which arise in a strictly linguistic approach. Some implications of this model include issues regarding multimodality in signed communication systems, the relationships between CPs, frozen sign and iconic gesture, the integration of visual and abstract modes of representation, and metaphor. It is concluded that the TVR model may provide a useful new perspective on the design of representational systems in the human mind.
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Petitto, L. A., R. J. Zatorre, K. Gauna, E. J. Nikelski, D. Dostie, and A. C. Evans. "Speech-like cerebral activity in profoundly deaf people processing signed languages: Implications for the neural basis of human language." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no. 25 (December 5, 2000): 13961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.25.13961.
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Ferreira, Felipe Lacet Silva, Tiago Maritan Ugulino de Araújo, Felipe Hermínio Lemos, Gutenberg Pessoa Botelho Neto, José Ivan Bezerra Vilarouca Filho, and Guido Lemos de Souza Filho. "Generating Window of Sign Languages on ITU J.200-Based Middlewares." International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmdem.2012040102.
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Sign languages are natural languages used by the deaf to communicate. Currently, the use of sign language on TV is still limited to a window with a sign language interpreter showed into the original video program. This approach has some problems, such as high operational costs, need for a full-time interpreter. Some works in the scientific literature propose solutions for this problem, but there are some gaps to be addressed. In this paper, the authors propose a solution to provide support for sign language in middlewares compatible with ITU J.200 specification. The solution allows sign language content to be signed by 3D-Avatars when human interpreters are not available. To provide a case study for the proposed solution, they implemented a prototype of it using Ginga, the Brazilian DTV middleware, compliant with ITU J.200. Some tests with Brazilian deaf were also performed to evaluate the proposal.
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Sereno, Martin I. "Origin of symbol-using systems: speech, but not sign, without the semantic urge." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1651 (September 19, 2014): 20130303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0303.
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Natural language—spoken and signed—is a multichannel phenomenon, involving facial and body expression, and voice and visual intonation that is often used in the service of a social urge to communicate meaning. Given that iconicity seems easier and less abstract than making arbitrary connections between sound and meaning, iconicity and gesture have often been invoked in the origin of language alongside the urge to convey meaning. To get a fresh perspective, we critically distinguish the origin of a system capable of evolution from the subsequent evolution that system becomes capable of. Human language arose on a substrate of a system already capable of Darwinian evolution; the genetically supported uniquely human ability to learn a language reflects a key contact point between Darwinian evolution and language. Though implemented in brains generated by DNA symbols coding for protein meaning, the second higher-level symbol-using system of language now operates in a world mostly decoupled from Darwinian evolutionary constraints. Examination of Darwinian evolution of vocal learning in other animals suggests that the initial fixation of a key prerequisite to language into the human genome may actually have required initially side-stepping not only iconicity, but the urge to mean itself. If sign languages came later, they would not have faced this constraint.
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Liu, Weihua, Yangyu Fan, Zuhe Li, and Zhong Zhang. "RGBD Video Based Human Hand Trajectory Tracking and Gesture Recognition System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/863732.
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The task of human hand trajectory tracking and gesture trajectory recognition based on synchronized color and depth video is considered. Toward this end, in the facet of hand tracking, a joint observation model with the hand cues of skin saliency, motion and depth is integrated into particle filter in order to move particles to local peak in the likelihood. The proposed hand tracking method, namely, salient skin, motion, and depth based particle filter (SSMD-PF), is capable of improving the tracking accuracy considerably, in the context of the signer performing the gesture toward the camera device and in front of moving, cluttered backgrounds. In the facet of gesture recognition, a shape-order context descriptor on the basis of shape context is introduced, which can describe the gesture in spatiotemporal domain. The efficient shape-order context descriptor can reveal the shape relationship and embed gesture sequence order information into descriptor. Moreover, the shape-order context leads to a robust score for gesture invariant. Our approach is complemented with experimental results on the settings of the challenging hand-signed digits datasets and American sign language dataset, which corroborate the performance of the novel techniques.
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Leannah, Carly, Athena S. Willis, and Lorna C. Quandt. "Perceiving fingerspelling via point-light displays: The stimulus and the perceiver both matter." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): e0272838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272838.
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Signed languages such as American Sign Language (ASL) rely on visuospatial information that combines hand and bodily movements, facial expressions, and fingerspelling. Signers communicate in a wide array of sub-optimal environments, such as in dim lighting or from a distance. While fingerspelling is a common and essential part of signed languages, the perception of fingerspelling in difficult visual environments is not well understood. The movement and spatial patterns of ASL are well-suited to representation by dynamic Point Light Display (PLD) stimuli in which human movement is shown as an array of moving dots affixed to joints on the body. We created PLD videos of fingerspelled location names. The location names were either Real (e.g., KUWAIT) or Pseudo-names (e.g., CLARTAND), and the PLDs showed either a High or a Low number of markers. In an online study, Deaf and Hearing ASL users (total N = 283) watched 27 PLD stimulus videos that varied by Word Type and Number of Markers. Participants watched the videos and typed the names they saw, along with how confident they were in their response. We predicted that when signers see ASL fingerspelling PLDs, language experience in ASL will be positively correlated with accuracy and self-rated confidence scores. We also predicted that Real location names would be understood better than Pseudo names. Our findings supported those predictions. We also discovered a significant interaction between Age and Word Type, which suggests that as people age, they use outside world knowledge to inform their fingerspelling success. Finally, we examined the accuracy and confidence in fingerspelling perception in early ASL users. Studying the relationship between language experience with PLD fingerspelling perception allows us to explore how hearing status, ASL fluency levels, and age of language acquisition affect the core abilities of understanding fingerspelling.
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Ruiz Mezcua, Aurora, and Alicia Fernández Gallego Casilda. "Court interpreting in the United Kingdom: analysis of the Ministry of Justice’s Language Service New Contract." Futhark. Revista de Investigación y Cultura, no. 11 (2016): 149–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/futhark.2016.i11.10.
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Court interpreting is a challenging context where languages are fundamental to ensure justice and respect for human rights. The phenomenon of public service interpreting is a relatively recent one and the UK is considered to be one of the pioneer countries in providing Community Interpretation. The main objective of this research is to analyse the diverse aspects of the contract signed by the MoJ in 2012 with a private company for the outsourcing of language services. The MoJ previously obtained such services from freelance interpreters through a different system. We study the reasons for changing the old Ministry of Justice language service contract, the transition and also the new system, from an interpreting quality perspective. Consequently, this paper concentrates on one hypothesis: that there are elements in this outsourcing contract that pose a risk to the quality of the services provided under it.
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Musale, Sandeep, Kalyani Gargate, Vaishnavi Gulavani, Samruddhi Kadam, and Shweta Kothawade. "Indian sign language recognition and search results." Journal of Autonomous Intelligence 6, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jai.v6i3.1000.
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<p>Sign language is a medium of communication for people with hearing and speaking impairment. It uses gestures to convey messages. The proposed system focuses on using sign language in search engines and helping specially-abled people get the information they are looking for. Here, we are using Marathi sign language. Translation systems for Indian sign languages are not much simple and popular as American sign language. Marathi language consists of words with individual letters formed of two letter = Swara + Vyanjan (Mulakshar). Every Vyanjan or Swara individually has a unique sign which can be represented as image or video with still frames. Any letter formed of both Swara and Vyanjan is represented with hand gesture signing the Vyanjan as above and with movement of signed gesture in shape of Swara in Devnagari script. Such letters are represented with videos containing motion and frames in particular sequence. Further the predicted term can be searched on google using the sign search. The proposed system includes three important steps: 1) hand detection; 2) sign recognition using neural networks; 3) fetching search results. Overall, the system has great potential to help individuals with hearing and speaking impairment to access information on the internet through the use of sign language. It is a promising application of machine learning and deep learning techniques.</p>
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Vacca, Alessia. "Australia and Catalonia: a comparative study on the protection of minority languages from a legal standpoint. Education in the mother tongue. Is the language a factor of integration or a barrier?" Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2011): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2011.2.1.22.
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This article is a comparative study of the education system in minority languages between Catalonia and Australia from a legal standpoint. Catalonia has a complex legislation: National Constitution, Statute of Autonomy, Regional Laws, a strong legal framework, a language always alive as a political instrumentto get the power. Australia has not a legal framework in this area and has a confused planning system. In Europe, the Council of Europe has been in charge of the protection of human rights.Australia signed and ratified some International Conventions which are not a strong legal basis to claim an education system in aborigines’ languages. The Catalan Law on Linguistic Normalizationn. 7 of 1983, replaced by the Law on Linguistic Policy n. 1 of1998, has, among the other purposes, also that to stimulate the use of Catalan as language of education in all levels of teaching.The school has a fundamental importance for the transmission of the culture of minorities. If the educational systems didn’t have any regime of teaching in the mother tongue all policies are not efficient.
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Tomasello, Michael. "Communicating Without Conventions." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 01–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id286.
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For obvious and very good reasons the study of human communication is dominated by the study of language. But from a psychological point of view, the basic structure of human communication – how it works pragmatically in terms of the intentions and inferences involved - is totally independent of language. The most important data here are acts of human communication that do not employ conventions. In situations in which language is for some reason not an option, people often produce spontaneous, non-conventionalized gestures, including most prominently pointing (deictic gestures) and pantomiming (iconic gestures). These gestures are universal among humans and unique to the species, and in human evolution they almost certainly preceded conventional communication, either signed or vocal. For prelinguistic infants to communicate effectively via pointing and pantomiming, they must already possess species-unique and very powerful skills and motivations for shared intentionality as pragmatic infrastructure. Conventional communication is then built on top of this infrastructure - or so I will argue.
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Quinto-Pozos, David, Ronice Quadros, and Blake Maynard. "Reference switching in sign and speech: grammatical and discourse features across modalities within signed-to-spoken language interpretation." Revista Linguíʃtica 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 274–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2020.v16n3a37192.
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Human languages contain a variety of tools for referencing agents, locations, arguments of predicates, and other entities that are introduced, described, and attributed actions within sentences. While there are similarities across modalities, there also exist notable differences. For example, signed languages are articulated with two hands, and sometimes one of them serves referencing functions while the other produces complementary signs. Additionally, signers use role shift and constructed action extensively, whereas there is comparatively less use of reported speech and co-speech enactment in spoken language discourse. Differences across modalities such as these provide areas of focus for studies of interpretation, since a common theoretical premise is that interpreters should disengage from the form of a source-language message in order to provide the meaning in the target language (with its own form). It is open to debate whether an interpretation can achieve complete semantic equivalence, given differences in the grammars, lexical items, and discourse features of the source- and target-languages. We use Libras texts interpreted into Brazilian Portuguese to examine various types of referencing in language and how it occurs in such texts. Our analysis is intended to raise questions about referencing and interpretation that merit in-depth study.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------ALTERNÂNCIA DE REFERÊNCIA NAS LÍNGUAS DE SINAIS E LÍNGUAS FALADAS: CARACTERÍSTICAS GRAMATICAIS E DISCURSIVAS ENTRE MODALIDADES EM INTERPRETAÇÕES DE LIBRAS PARA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESAAs línguas humanas contêm uma variedade de ferramentas para referenciar agentes, locais, argumentos de predicados e outras entidades que são introduzidas, descritas e atribuídas com ações nas sentenças. Embora existam semelhanças entre as modalidades, também existem diferenças notáveis. Por exemplo, as línguas de sinais são articuladas com duas mãos, e às vezes uma delas tem funções de referência enquanto a outra produz sinais complementares. Além disso, o sinalizador usa a alternância de referência e a ação construída extensivamente, enquanto há comparativamente menos uso de cotação e ação construída que co-ocorre com discurso da língua falada. Diferenças entre modalidades como essas fornecem áreas de foco para estudos da interpretação, uma vez que uma premissa teórica comum é que os intérpretes devem se desvincular da forma de uma mensagem na língua de origem a fim de fornecer o significado na língua de destino (com sua própria forma). É possível debater se uma interpretação pode alcançar equivalência semântica completal, dadas as diferenças nas gramáticas, itens lexicais e características do discurso das línguas-fonte e as línguas-alvo. Usamos textos de Libras interpretados para o português brasileiro para examinar vários tipos de referência nessas línguas e como ela ocorre nesses textos. Nossa análise pretende levantar questões sobre referenciação e interpretação que merecem um estudo aprofundado.---Origina em inglês.
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Bearden, Elizabeth B. "Before Normal, There Was Natural: John Bulwer, Disability, and Natural Signing in Early Modern England and Beyond." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 132, no. 1 (January 2017): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2017.132.1.33.
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Disability studies scholars and Renaissance scholars have much to learn from early modern schemata of disability. Early modern people used nature and the natural to discriminate against and to include people with atypical bodies and minds. In his writings, the English physician John Bulwer (1606–56) considers Deafness a natural human variation with definite advantages, anticipating current concepts of biolinguistic diversity and Deaf-gain, while acknowledging his society's biases. He refutes the exclusion of sign language and other forms of what he calls “ocular audition” from natural law, which made capacity for speech the benchmark for natural rights. Instead of using Deaf people as exceptions that prove the rule of nature or as limit cases for humanity, Bulwer makes deafness part of a plastic understanding of the senses, and he promotes the sociability of signed languages as a conduit to a universal language that might be encouraged and taught in England.
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Johnston-White, Rachel. "A Moral Language for Our Time? Human Rights and Christianity in Historical Perspective." Contemporary European History 31, no. 1 (December 14, 2021): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777321000643.
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On 3 October 2020 Pope Francis issued his third encyclical, Fratelli Tutti. Signed in the symbolic location of Assisi, home of St Francis, the encyclical represented the pope's response to the fears and anxieties wrought by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the burning injustices of racism, global inequality and climate change. The encyclical explicitly invoked human rights, criticising the ways in which, ‘in practice, human rights are not equal for all’. As nations and societies succumb to ‘disenchantment and disappointment’, ‘the temptation to build a culture of walls’ to keep out the ‘other’ grows ever greater. The antidote, Francis insisted, is a ‘culture of encounter’ in which it is again possible to ‘rediscover the needs of the brothers and sisters who orbit around us’. Priority, too, must be given to ‘the dignity of the poor’ and ‘respect for the natural environment,’ rather than the privileges of the affluent to continue to amass wealth at all costs. Only then – by aligning human rights with the global common good – can rights become truly universal.
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Richardson, Michael. "Sign Language Interpreting in Theatre: Using the Human Body to Create Pictures of the Human Soul." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 9, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9n33b.
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This paper explores theatrical interpreting for Deaf spectators, a specialism that both blurs the separation between translation and interpreting, and replaces these potentials with a paradigm in which the translator's body is central to the production of the target text.
Meaningful written translations of dramatic texts into sign language are not currently possible. For Deaf people to access Shakespeare or Moliere in their own language usually means attending a sign language interpreted performance, a typically disappointing experience that fails to provide accessibility or to fulfil the potential of a dynamically equivalent theatrical translation. I argue that when such interpreting events fail, significant contributory factors are the challenges involved in producing such a target text and the insufficient embodiment of that text.
The second of these factors suggests that the existing conference and community models of interpreting are insufficient in describing theatrical interpreting. I propose that a model drawn from Theatre Studies, namely psychophysical acting, might be more effective for conceptualising theatrical interpreting. I also draw on theories from neurological research into the Mirror Neuron System to suggest that a highly visual and physical approach to performance (be that by actors or interpreters) is more effective in building a strong actor-spectator interaction than a performance in which meaning is conveyed by spoken words.
Arguably this difference in language impact between signed and spoken is irrelevant to hearing audiences attending spoken language plays, but I suggest that for all theatre translators the implications are significant: it is not enough to create a literary translation as the target text; it is also essential to produce a text that suggests physicality. The aim should be the creation of a text which demands full expression through the body, the best picture of the human soul and the fundamental medium of theatre.
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Shah, Shweta. "“Sign in to Speech” Smart Hand Glove for Especially Abled." Journal of IoT Security and Smart Technologies 1, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jisst.2022.v01i01.003.
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More than 9 Crore people on the earth are facing the issue of dumbness. The communication between a dumb and normal person i.e. man or woman poses to be a crucial downside in comparison to verbal exchange among blind and historically visible human beings. The human who is facing the blindness can talk smoothly through normal human or regional language while the person facing the issue of dumbness have their own manual-visible language known as Sign or gesture using by the figures and hand language. Language is likewise a non-verbal Gesture that`s located amongst deaf groups at durations the planet. The languages have not been given a regular beginning and thence difficult to interpret. This challenge enables deaf and dumb people to which they speak with the not unusual place human beings easily. Sign languages are utilized by mute human beings as a medium of verbal exchange. Sign languages are used to deliver the mind with symbols, items, etc. They additionally deliver an aggregate of phrases and symbols (i.e. gestures). The gesture is a non-verbal shape of verbal exchange. Sign language reputation structures are used to transform signal language into textual content or speech to permit verbal exchange with those who do now no longer recognize those gestures. Usually, the focal point of those structures is to apprehend hand configurations along with position, orientation, and actions A the person facing the issue of dumbness can communicate with the normal people with the help of the device or gloves which can translate the hand or fingers gestures to sensible speech with the help of the converse used in the device. A gesture in accomplice diploma extraordinarily language is likewise a sure motion of the arms with a selected type created out of them. A posture alternatively is likewise a static form of the hand to cause an emblem. The main aim of these device is to translate the hand or figure movements of the deaf and dumb people to the language which can be understand by the normal people such as textual content and sensible or understandable voice. The interpreter uses a Gloves for the capturing the hand movements which consist of flex sensors, tool sensors which can be compared with the predefined hand movement’s data saved as the input signed language.
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Pylkkänen, Liina. "The neural basis of combinatory syntax and semantics." Science 366, no. 6461 (October 3, 2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0050.
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Human language allows us to create an infinitude of ideas from a finite set of basic building blocks. What is the neurobiology of this combinatory system? Research has begun to dissect the neural basis of natural language syntax and semantics by analyzing the basics of meaning composition, such as two-word phrases. This work has revealed a system of composition that involves rapidly peaking activity in the left anterior temporal lobe and later engagement of the medial prefrontal cortex. Both brain regions show evidence of shared processing between comprehension and production, as well as between spoken and signed language. Both appear to compute meaning, not syntactic structure. This Review discusses how language builds meaning and lays out directions for future neurobiological research on the combinatory system.
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Kołtun, Monika. "Signed: Gombrowicz: “Pupa,” the Western Canon, and the English Translation of "Ferdydurke"." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 24, no. 42 (December 29, 2018): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.24.2018.42.06.
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The present paper aims at demonstrating how the initial norms adopted by translators, affecting their operational norms, impact the hermeneutic potential and process of canonization of the target text—or, in other words, how the consistency of Gombrowicz’s philosophy as it is expressed in his works in the Polish language transforms when translated into English. Opening with an overview of the canonization of translated literature and canonical authors’ “signature words,” the paper concentrates on one of landmark Gombrowicz’s terms, the word pupa, and its function in the immanent poetics of the philosopher’s work and in his global vision of the human condition. Against such a backdrop, an analysis of the consequences of the English translator’s choice concerning this term is provided, simultaneously revealing the importance of “signature words” in the process of canonization of a translated text.
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Vemula, Sathvik. "Sign Language Detection Using Hand Gestures." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 935–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43997.
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Abstract- Some of the major problems faced by a person who are unable to speak are, they cannot express their emotion and they are unable to use (Artificial Intelligence) like google assistance, or Apple's SIRI etc because all those apps are based on voice controlling. Hand gestures are one of the nonverbal communication strategies used in sign language. People who are deaf or hard of hearing are the ones who use it the most to communicate with one another and with others. Various sign language systems have been developed by several firms across the world, however they are neither customizable nor costeffective for end users. We developed an app that recognises pre-defined American signed language using hand gestures (ASL).Our application will have two main featuresThe motion has been recognised, and the corresponding letter has been shown. The second feature is to display a meaningful word. In sign language each gesture has a specific meaning. So therefore complex meanings can be explain by the help of combination of various basic elements. Sign language contains special rules and grammar’s for expressing effectively. In a range of applications, such as human-computer interfaces, multimedia, and security
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Brookshire, Geoffrey, Jenny Lu, Howard C. Nusbaum, Susan Goldin-Meadow, and Daniel Casasanto. "Visual cortex entrains to sign language." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 24 (May 30, 2017): 6352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1620350114.
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Despite immense variability across languages, people can learn to understand any human language, spoken or signed. What neural mechanisms allow people to comprehend language across sensory modalities? When people listen to speech, electrophysiological oscillations in auditory cortex entrain to slow (<8 Hz) fluctuations in the acoustic envelope. Entrainment to the speech envelope may reflect mechanisms specialized for auditory perception. Alternatively, flexible entrainment may be a general-purpose cortical mechanism that optimizes sensitivity to rhythmic information regardless of modality. Here, we test these proposals by examining cortical coherence to visual information in sign language. First, we develop a metric to quantify visual change over time. We find quasiperiodic fluctuations in sign language, characterized by lower frequencies than fluctuations in speech. Next, we test for entrainment of neural oscillations to visual change in sign language, using electroencephalography (EEG) in fluent speakers of American Sign Language (ASL) as they watch videos in ASL. We find significant cortical entrainment to visual oscillations in sign language <5 Hz, peaking at ∼1 Hz. Coherence to sign is strongest over occipital and parietal cortex, in contrast to speech, where coherence is strongest over the auditory cortex. Nonsigners also show coherence to sign language, but entrainment at frontal sites is reduced relative to fluent signers. These results demonstrate that flexible cortical entrainment to language does not depend on neural processes that are specific to auditory speech perception. Low-frequency oscillatory entrainment may reflect a general cortical mechanism that maximizes sensitivity to informational peaks in time-varying signals.
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Arbib, Michael A. "From monkey-like action recognition to human language: An evolutionary framework for neurolinguistics." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28, no. 2 (April 2005): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x05000038.
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The article analyzes the neural and functional grounding of language skills as well as their emergence in hominid evolution, hypothesizing stages leading from abilities known to exist in monkeys and apes and presumed to exist in our hominid ancestors right through to modern spoken and signed languages. The starting point is the observation that both premotor area F5 in monkeys and Broca's area in humans contain a “mirror system” active for both execution and observation of manual actions, and that F5 and Broca's area are homologous brain regions. This grounded the mirror system hypothesis of Rizzolatti and Arbib (1998) which offers the mirror system for grasping as a key neural “missing link” between the abilities of our nonhuman ancestors of 20 million years ago and modern human language, with manual gestures rather than a system for vocal communication providing the initial seed for this evolutionary process. The present article, however, goes “beyond the mirror” to offer hypotheses on evolutionary changes within and outside the mirror systems which may have occurred to equip Homo sapiens with a language-ready brain. Crucial to the early stages of this progression is the mirror system for grasping and its extension to permit imitation. Imitation is seen as evolving via a so-called simple system such as that found in chimpanzees (which allows imitation of complex “object-oriented” sequences but only as the result of extensive practice) to a so-called complex system found in humans (which allows rapid imitation even of complex sequences, under appropriate conditions) which supports pantomime. This is hypothesized to have provided the substrate for the development of protosign, a combinatorially open repertoire of manual gestures, which then provides the scaffolding for the emergence of protospeech (which thus owes little to nonhuman vocalizations), with protosign and protospeech then developing in an expanding spiral. It is argued that these stages involve biological evolution of both brain and body. By contrast, it is argued that the progression from protosign and protospeech to languages with full-blown syntax and compositional semantics was a historical phenomenon in the development of Homo sapiens, involving few if any further biological changes.
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Rowe, Meredith L. "Gesture, speech, and sign. Lynn Messing and Ruth Campbell (Eds.). New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Pp. 227." Applied Psycholinguistics 22, no. 4 (December 2001): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716401224084.
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The study of gesture, especially its relationship to spoken and signed languages, has become a broadly studied topic for researchers from various fields, including neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, evolutionary psychology, human development, and communication disorders. One possible reason for the wide interest in gesture is its universality. People of all ages and cultures use gestures for various purposes. Young language-learning, hearing children often use gestures alone or in combination with speech to help express themselves to their interlocutors, for example, pointing to a desired object while saying “mine.” As a more striking example, deaf children in Nicaragua who had previously been unexposed to any conventional sign language, used gestures to develop home-sign systems that eventually developed into Nicaraguan Sign Language (Kegl, Senghas, & Coppola, 1999). On the other hand, gestures are often used in situations where the underlying purpose of the gesture is less clear. For example, people who are blind from birth are nonetheless found to gesture in conversation (Iverson & Goldin-Meadow, 1997), and adults gesture frequently, and often subconsciously, during conversations with one another. Despite their omnipresence, we know relatively little about gestures' origins, their relationship to language, and, in some instances, the purposes they serve.
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Wetherell, David. "The Use and Misuse of Religious Language: Zionism and the Palestinians." Holy Land Studies 4, no. 1 (May 2005): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2005.4.1.73.
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Every discipline which deals with the land question in Canaan-Palestine-Israel is afflicted by the problem of specialisation. The political scientist and historian usually discuss the issue of land in Israel purely in terms of interethnic and international relations, biblical scholars concentrate on the historical and archaeological question with virtually no reference to ethics, and scholars of human rights usually evade the question of God. What follows is an attempt, through theology and political history, to understand the history of the Israel-Palestine land question in a way which respects the complexity of the question. From a scrutiny of the language used in the Bible to the development of political Zionism from the late 19th century it is possible to see the way in which a secular movement mobilised the figurative language of religion into a literal ‘title deed’ to the land of Palestine signed by God.
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Willoughby, Louisa, Howard Manns, Shimako Iwasaki, and Meredith Bartlett. "Are you trying to be funny? Communicating humour in deafblind conversations." Discourse Studies 21, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 584–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461445619846704.
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Humour is a prevalent feature in any form of human interaction, regardless of language modality. This article explores in detail how humour is negotiated in conversations among deafblind Australians who are fluent users of tactile Australian Sign Language (Auslan). Without access to the visual or auditory cues that are normally associated with humour (e.g. smiles, laughter, eye crinkles and ‘smile voice’), there is a risk that deafblind interactants will misconstrue humorous utterances as serious, or be unsure whether their conversation partner has got the joke. In this article, we explore how humorous utterances unfold in tactile signed interactions. Drawing on Conversation Analytic principles, we outline the ad hoc and more conventionalised signals deafblind signers use to signal amusement. Looking at humour in these conversations contributes to a greater understanding of how humour is conveyed across language modalities and further support for humour’s centrality to interactional solidarity.
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Gajjar, Kevin, Aman Agrawal, Arran Gonsalves, and Gargi Singh. "Sentence Formation Using NLP on the Basis of American Sign Language." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 3102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41985.
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Abstract: Natural language processing at its core is a method to understand, process and utilize human language that helps in the development of different tools. One such field where this tool can be used for is sign language which is the primary method of communication for the impaired which usually requires a translator to interpret the meaning for those who do not have the knowledge. This paper aims to propose a method that can translate recognized signed words from ASL into proper grammatically correct English sentences with the use of different NLP techniques and parsing it into a Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) using LALR parser. This approach uses a LTAG which is a lexicon that is organized on grammar and vocabulary of the English language and connects in a group of trees. The output matrix of words from the sign recognition is used as an input for the Parts of Speech (POS) tagger that will be parsed into the grammar tree giving a proper English sentence which will be verified by using Language Tool to check the grammar of the final sentence. Keywords: Sentence Formation, American Sign Language, Natural Language Processing, Sign Language recognition, Grammar mapping
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Korzeniewska, Ewa, Marta Kania, and Rafał Zawiślak. "Textronic Glove Translating Polish Sign Language." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 6788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186788.
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Communication between people is a basic social skill used to exchange information. It is often used for self-express and to meet basic human needs, such as the need for closeness, belonging, and security. This process takes place at different levels, using different means, with specific effects. It generally means a two-way flow of information in the immediate area of contact with another person. When people are communicating using the same language, the flow of information is much easier compared to the situation when two people use two different languages from different language families. The process of social communication with the deaf is difficult as well. It is therefore essential to use modern technologies to facilitate communication with deaf and non-speaking people. This article presents the results of work on a prototype of a glove using textronic elements produced using a physical vacuum deposition process. The signal from the sensors, in the form of resistance changes, is read by the microcontroller, and then it is processed and displayed on a smartphone screen in the form of single letters. During the experiment, 520 letters were signed by each author. The correctness of interpreting the signs was 86.5%. Each letter was recognized within approximately 3 s. One of the main results of the article was also the selection of an appropriate material (Velostat, membrane) that can be used as a sensor for the proposed application solution. The proposed solution can enable communication with the deaf using the finger alphabet, which can be used to spell single words or the most important key words.
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da Silva, Karina Gomes. "The new urban agenda and human rights cities: Interconnections between the global and the local." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 36, no. 4 (October 22, 2018): 290–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0924051918806721.
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As the level of governance closest to the city dwellers, local authorities have been called to play a protagonist role as implementers of global standards on human rights and sustainable development. The New Urban Agenda, a political declaration signed by all UN Member States, sets a human rights-based approach to policy-making and service delivery as a path towards inclusive and sustainable urban development. Remarkably, the document acknowledges that local authorities are responsible for protecting, respecting, fulfilling, and promoting the human rights of the inhabitants. However, gaps between the aspiring language of international commitments and their concrete impact on the ground have limited its potential to transform people’s lives. Nevertheless, all over the world human rights cities have pro-actively set the implementation of human rights as a core task in the municipality. By establishing practical links and synergies between human rights cities and the NUA, this paper suggests ways of filling implementation gaps, drawing a promising scenario for the realisation of both global and local agendas.
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Safar, Josefina. "Translanguaging in Yucatec Maya signing communities." Applied Linguistics Review 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2017-0082.
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AbstractThis article looks at translanguaging practices in four Yucatec Maya communities with a high incidence of deafness in the peninsula of Yucatán, Mexico. Deaf and hearing community members draw from a broad spectrum of semiotic resources to interact with each other and with people from other villages in the region: they sign with different degrees of fluency, speak Yucatec Maya and/or Spanish, gesture, draw, point and incorporate objects in their physical surroundings. Human beings have a general tendency to communicate between and beyond different languages and modalities and to creatively adapt their semiotic repertoires to each other to negotiate meaning. On top of that, I show that sociolinguistic and cultural features of Yucatec Maya communities scaffold translanguaging practices. The rich inventory of conventional co-speech gestures of Yucatec Maya speakers, positive attitudes towards deafness and signed language and a critical amount of shared cultural knowledge facilitate communication between deaf and hearing and contribute to the emergence of similar sign languages in historically unrelated communities. The investigation of Yucatec Maya signing communities through a translanguaging lens allows us to critically deconstruct existing classifications of sign languages and varieties. Yucatec Maya Sign Languages are portrayed as a multi-layered network of different villages, families, generations and overlapping deaf and hearing spaces, where translanguaging takes place.
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Hassinen, Leena, and Raimo Lappalainen. "Acceptance and commitment therapy using finnish sign language: Training counselors in signed ACT for the deaf – A pilot study." Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 8 (April 2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.02.005.
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Farget, Doris. "Words that Fly Back and Forth Between Two Mutually Oblivious Worlds: What is the Legal Meaning of an “Indigenous Way of Life”?" Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 27, no. 1 (January 2014): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900006329.
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This article highlights the trajectory of indigenous peoples’ territorial claims when they appear before certain international and regional authorities that protect human rights. It demonstrates that the right of indigenous peoples to have their ways of life respected is a misguided and hollow response to their claims, at best approximate and ambiguous. However, the right to communal property of ancestral lands and essential resources entrenched by international courts, even if it directly echoes back to indigenous claims, is formulated in a specific language and vocabulary and according to categories defined by the dominant society. As a consequence, rights derived from this process are confined to an intrastate pluralism, since they are shaped by sources of law defined by member states that have signed regional charters and conventions protecting human rights. In the absence of a reciprocal intercultural dialogue that would facilitate a mutual circulation of ideas in the language and based on the beliefs held by indigenous and non-indigenous peoples – the only real tool for effective decolonization – the initial hypothesis, that the communal right to ownership facilitates the decolonization process, is partially invalidated.
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Sani, Huzairi, Nada Syazana Zulkufli, Iman Wahidah, Nurul Afiqah, Nur Sabrina, and Siti Nur Farahiyah. "Bridging the Gap between Medical Students and the Deaf-Mute Population." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5 (March 5, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i0.302.
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Introduction: Deafness is the inability to hear or impaired hearing. In 2018, more than 40,000 Malaysians were registered with hearing loss. Sign languages use visualization and facial expression to convey conversational meaning. However not many healthcare workers are able to converse in sign language thus hampering effective communication with deaf patientsObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of sign language in increasing awareness amongst medical students on healthcare access difficulties faced by the deaf.Methods: Four medical students underwent sign language classes at the Malaysian Federation of Deaf before being formally assessed and certified by an instructor. A video on common questions used in the clinical setting using sign language was then developed and shown to a cohort of 224 medical students in UiTM. Awareness on the importance of sign language amongst the cohort was surveyed before and after watching the video. The four medical students were also assessed on their awareness and communication proficiency before and after attending classes. Post- and pre-test responses were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired sample T-test.Results: The number of students who were aware of the importance of sign language in the clinical setting increased from 39.7% (N=89) to 98.2% (N=220) after watching the video. The four medical students’ post-test scores also increased significantly after attending sign language classes (Mean +2.43, p<0.01). Significant improvement in basic knowledge of sign language and ability to demonstrate signs such as self-introduction and gathering medical history were observed (p=0.046). In totality, awareness of the challenges faced by deaf-mute patients when communicating with healthcare workers increased significantly (p=0.046).Conclusion: Sign language is essential in improving communication between deaf patients and healthcare workers. It is therefore imperative that healthcare personnel gain basic skills in sign language to improve communication and provide better medical services to the deaf community.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S11
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Sibierska, Marta, Monika Boruta-Żywiczyńska, Przemysław Żywiczyński, and Sławomir Wacewicz. "What’s in a mime?" Interaction Studies 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 289–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.22002.sib.
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Abstract Several lines of research within developmental psychology, experimental semiotics and language origins studies have recently converged in their interest in pantomime as a system of bodily communication distinct from both language (spoken or signed) and nonlinguistic gesticulation. These approaches underscore the effectiveness of pantomime, which despite lack of semiotic conventions is capable of communicating complex meanings. However, very little research is available on the structural underpinnings of this effectiveness, that is, the specific properties of pantomime that determine its communicative success. To help fill in this gap, we conducted an exploratory rating study aimed at identifying those properties of pantomime that facilitate its understanding. We analysed an existing corpus of 602 recordings of whole-body re-enactments of short transitive events, coding each of them for 6 properties, and found out that the presence of salient elements (conspicuous objects in a specific semantic space), image mapping (representing the physical orientation of the object), and gender markers (distinguishing between the represented characters) increased the guessability of pantomimes.
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Kubacki, Zbigniew Józef. "Religious Pluralism from the Catholic Point of View." Verbum Vitae 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vv.12297.
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The question about how religious pluralism should properly be understood from the Catholic point of view has been asked since the outset of Christianity. It was also formulated in the context of A Document on Human Fraternity for World Peace and Living Together signed by Pope Francis and the Grand Imam of Al-Azhar, Ahmad Al-Tayyeb. The present article gives a theological interpretation of the sentence included in the Abu Dhabi document: “The pluralism and the diversity of religions, color, sex, race and language are willed by God in His wisdom, through which He created human beings.” It argues that this passage should be understood correctly within the inclusivist paradigm that recognizes and confers to non-Christian religions and to religious pluralism a status de iure without jeopardizing the foundations of Catholic faith: the unicity and salvific universality of Jesus Christ and the Church. In conclusion, the question concerning the application of the assertion to the case of Islam has been explored.
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Olarescu, Dumitru. "The image of the creation of plastic artists in the moldovan nonfiction film." Studiul artelor şi culturologie: istorie, teorie, practică, no. 2(43) (April 2023): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.55383/amtap.2022.2.15.
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Art, having in its center the human being – the creator and his work, has always been in the attention of filmmakers, imposing itself in the evolution of cinema through complex subjects inspired by all the genres of art. In 1970, at the studio „Moldova-Film” was launched the first nonfiction film dedicated to the plastic artists – „Alexandru Plămădeală” directed by Anatol Codru. Then, followed the release of several films in this category, signed by different directors: ”Obsession” (director V. Druc, 1983), „Gleb” (director V. Jereghi, 1983), ”Confession” (1985), ”Mihai Grecu. Beyond Color” – both directed by M. Chistrugă, „Mihai Beţianu” (director Igor Isac, 1992) and others. We will try to elucidate how cinematic art currently serves the arts, which generated it, supporting them and capitalizing on them through its cinematic language.
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Ramos, Maria Elena. "Some Relations between Ethics, Aesthetics and Politics in Contemporary Art in Times of Crisis." Dialogue and Universalism 29, no. 2 (2019): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du201929218.
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The inclusion of ethics and politics into artistic creation process is for many contemporary creators/artists an essential motivation while they consciously act in an aesthetic space polluted with the realities of a world in crisis. Art, which produces visible and sensible forms, can reveal aesthetic ideas and fundaments through aesthetic objects: drawing, video-installing or poem/poetry. And artists can make someone feel with their creations—whether these are beautiful, sublime, tragic, or ironic—ethical contentions violated by human action or the exertion/exercise of political power. Works of art that are not only guided by the categories signed by beauty, because in artistic languages, violence and suffering also make/create form. And times of crisis are the ideal sphere/dimension for an art that gives a vivid way of seeing/watching the uncertainty, the perversion, the terrible. In bringing these philosophical—ethical, aesthetic and political—topics, I do it from an approach that departs form artistic creations and curatorial research. I try to penetrate the narrow thread between an ethical topic and the plastic form in which it incarnates/embodies itself, or between a political action and the aesthetic structure of language as a creative, expressive consequence.