Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human rights monitoring mechanism

Academic literature on the topic 'Human rights monitoring mechanism'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "Human rights monitoring mechanism"

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Pangestu, Ilham Aji, and Irma Sri Rejeki. "MONITORING KEPATUHAN NEGARA PESERTA KONVENSI PENGUNGSI MELALUI SISTEM MONITORING HAM INTERNASIONAL." SUPREMASI HUKUM 18, no. 01 (May 25, 2022): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v18i01.2161.

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This study aims to find out how to monitor the compliance of countries participating in the convention through an international human rights monitoring system. This research is a normative legal research. The approaches used in this research include the statutory approach and the case approach, which are obtained from legal materials conducted through a literature study. Based on research, it is known that there is no monitoring system for state compliance with a convention, in this case the refugee convention. Reservations in conventions are often excluded on grounds of State ownership. On the other hand, refugees themselves have the same human rights as other human rights. International human rights monitoring mechanisms consist of treaty-based mechanisms and charter-based mechanisms. The international human rights monitoring system is the one most closely related to the supervision of participating countries/monitoring of the 1951 Convention considering the system between refugees and the human rights attached to it. In this case, the international human rights monitoring mechanism that can be used is a mechanism based on a treaty or a mechanism based on an international agreement. Keywords: Refugee Monitoring; Internasional Human Right Mnitoring; Refugee Convention
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Butler, Andrew S. "Legal Aid Before Human Rights Treaty Monitoring Bodies." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 2 (April 2000): 360–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064198.

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The right of individuals to have recourse to international human rights bodies has been regarded as one of the most significant developments in securing respect for and the promotion of universal fundamental rights and freedoms.1 First, it ensures that individuals subjected to human rights violations have an alternative forum should the domestic judicial forums not be persuaded of the existence of rights violations, for whatever reason. Secondly, the availability of an individual's right of recourse affirms the fact that the individual is an actor cognisable by international law, and is not dependent on the intervention of other States for the safeguarding of his or her rights.2 This is particularly important, as many States are slow to engage complaint mechanisms against another State for fear of reprisal (be it in the form of economic or political sanctions, or the instigation of a complaint under the same mechanism by the other state), lack of interest, or otherwise.3 Thirdly, the existence of such fora, and the right of individual complaint from a variety of countries, are useful in developing a common universal standard of human rights observance.4 The combined result of these is that implementation of the goals set out in the international human rights instruments is facilitated because the means for their enforcement are not dependent upon international politics but rather are put in the hands of the rights holders. In turn, such machinery should improve State compliance.5
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O'Donnell, Daniel. "Trends in the application of international humanitarian law by United Nations human rights mechanisms." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 324 (September 1998): 481–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400091282.

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UN human rights mechanisms continue to proliferate, producing numerous decisions and voluminous reports. This article reviews the ways in which such mechanisms apply international humanitarian law, including the law of Geneva and the law of The Hague. In doing so, it focuses mainly on the practice of the rapporteurs appointed by the UN Commission on Human Rights to investigate the human rights situations in specific countries and on that of the thematic rapporteurs and working groups which the Commission has entrusted with monitoring specific types of serious human rights violations wherever they occur, in particular the Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions and the Representative of the Secretary-General on Internally Displaced Persons, whose mandates most often lead them to examine abuses occurring in the context of armed conflicts. Reference is also made to two innovative mechanisms which functioned in El Salvador: the first UN-sponsored “truth commission” and the first human rights monitoring body established as part of a comprehensive mechanism for monitoring compliance with a UN-sponsored peace agreement. Certain observations made by treaty monitoring bodies are also mentioned.
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Victor, MYKHAILOVSKYI. "INTERNATIONAL LEGAL MECHANISM FOR ENSURING HUMAN RIGHTS." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 117, no. 4 (September 10, 2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2021(117)03.

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Background. The problem of protecting human rights has existed throughoutthe existence of mankind. Modern globalization affects the effectiveness of international institutions in the field of human rights. After all, the rapid processes of development and adoption of international documents in the field of human rights require not only worldwide recognition, but also unquestioning implementation. In this regard, the study of the mechanism for exercising the powers of the UN Human Rights Council in the temporarily occupied territories of Crimea and Donbas is especially relevant. The aim of the article is to establish a mechanism for exercising the powers of the UN Human Rights Council to respect and ensure human rights in Ukraine, in particular in the temporarily occupied territories of Crimea and Donbas. Materials and methods. Both general and special legal methods of cognition were used during the research. The normative basis of the study were international treaties, international law and the work of domestic and foreign scientists. Results. International protection of human rights is one of the most important branches of public international law. The creation of the United Nations has opened a new page in the field of human rights institutions. In order to promote and ensure human rights in Ukraine, in particular in the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Donbas, the UN Human Rights Council implements a number of mechanisms: closely cooperateswith the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. periodic inspections. The UN Human Rights Council serves as a forum for discussing thematic issues on all human rights. Thus, within the high-level segment of the UN Human Rights Council, on February 23, 2021, for the third year in a row, the UN General Assembly debated on the agenda item «Situation in the Temporarily Occupied Territories of Ukraine» initiated by our state. Within the framework of this event, support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine was expressed. Conclusion. Ukraine’s cooperation with the UN Human Rights Council is increasing pressure from the international community to respect the rights of indigenous peoples, national minorities, social human rights, democracy and the rule of law. During the Russian aggression on the territory of Ukraine, the UN Human Rights Council adopted a resolution «Cooperation with Ukraine and its assistance in the field of human rights», an agreement was concluded between the Government of Ukraine and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. Ukraine. Thus, despite the recommendatory nature of the powers of the UN Human Rights Council, this international institution significantly affects the level of human rights in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, and contributes to the further development of human rights in Ukraine. Keywords: human rights, UN Commission on Human Rights, UN HumanRights Council, Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission.
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Brems, Eva. "Ethiopia Before The United Nations Treaty Monitoring Bodies." Afrika Focus 20, no. 1-2 (February 15, 2007): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0200102004.

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Ethiopia before the United Nations Treaty Monitoring Bodies Among the many human rights conventions adopted by the UN, seven are known – together with their additional protocols – as the core international human rights instruments: ‒ The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination; ‒ The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; ‒ The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; ‒ The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women; ‒ The Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; ‒ The Convention on the Rights of the Child; ‒ The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of all Migrant Workers and Members of their Families. The main international control mechanism under these conventions is what may be considered the standard mechanism in international human rights protection: state reporting before an international committee. An initial report is due usually one year after joining the treaty and afterwards, reports are due periodically (every four or five years). The international committees examine the reports submitted by the state parties. In the course of this examination they include information from other sources, such as the press, other United Nations materials or NGO information. They also hold a meeting with representatives of the state submitting the report. At the end of this process the committee issues 'concluding observations' or 'concluding comments'. This paper focuses on the experience of one state – Ethiopia – with the seven core human rights treaties. This should allow the reader to gain insights both into the human rights situation in Ethiopia and in the functioning of the United Nations human rights protection system.
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Tanasescu, Tudor. "THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE AND ITS MECHANISMS FOR PROTECTING AND GUARANTEEING HUMAN RIGHTS." Agora International Journal of Juridical Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/aijjs.v10i2.2802.

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The Council of Europe represents the main regional/European international intergovernmental organization in which the most efficient mechanisms for guaranteeing and protecting human rights have been initiated and developed.The mechanisms implemented by this organization, aiming to protect and guarantee human rights, established through the conventional judicial tools adopted by the Council of Europe are: The European Court for Human Rights (jurisdictional mechanism), established by the European Convention on Human Rights, the conventional non-jurisdictional mechanisms for monitoring, as well as the system of regularly reporting and that of the collective complaints, employed by the European Committee for social rights, created based on the European Social Charter and its two protocols of 1991 and 1995, and the preventive control based on inquiries carried out by the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, based on the European Convention of the Prevention of Torture.Added to these some extra-conventional mechanisms are considered, such as The European Commission against racism and intolerance and The Commissioner for Human Rights at the Council of Europe.
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Kicker, Renate, Markus Möstl, and Emma Lantschner. "Reforming the Council of Europe's Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 29, no. 4 (December 2011): 460–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934411102900404.

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Kramer, Anna Katharina, Frederike Klümper, Alexander Müller, and Francesca Thornberry. "Strengthening Accountability for Responsible Land Governance: Linking Governance of Tenure to Human Rights." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 11113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911113.

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While there is no universal right to land enshrined in existing human rights treaties, access to land is intrinsically linked to the achievement of human rights. For example, the right to food, adequate housing, property and equality and non-discrimination are of special concern for smallholder farmers, pastoralists, women, and other marginalized groups. In this regard, the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries, and Forests in the context of national food security (VGGT) is considered a milestone document. They link binding human rights frameworks with universally agreed principles of responsible land governance. However, the implementation of the Guidelines is impeded by their voluntary nature and the absence of clear monitoring and accountability structures. The objective of this paper is to make a case for adopting human rights-based monitoring approaches that strengthen the implementation of the VGGT and, ultimately, responsible land governance. This policy analytical paper draws from a literature review, an analysis of secondary data gathered from National Human Rights Institutions working on land rights, as well as findings from two pilot case studies. The cases illustrate the need for a human rights-based land governance monitoring approach, relevant for policy-makers as well as land rights practitioners. Furthermore, this paper shows that there is currently no systemic approach that monitors the implementation of the VGGT from a human rights perspective. Therefore, the paper suggests that a human rights-based monitoring approach centered around established human rights monitoring and reporting mechanisms can provide a new, and urgently needed, impetus for implementing the VGGT. Linking VGGT implementation to human rights obligations by states can strengthen efforts towards responsible land governance reforms and contributes to holding governments accountable to their commitments.
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Johnson, Robert. "Strengthening the Monitoring of and Compliance with the Rights of the African Child." International Journal of Children’s Rights 23, no. 2 (June 9, 2015): 365–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-55680009.

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The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child is a progressive human rights instrument by international human rights standards. The provisions of theunConvention on the Rights of the Child and the African Charter are contrasted, noting stronger African provisions for the child’s ‘best interests’, stronger safeguards in areas of traditional or ‘cultural’ practices, and provisions concerning the ‘duties’ of the child and its implications for the child’s empowerment. Additionally, the African oversighting Committee holds stronger mandates than exist for theunCommittee on the Rights of the Child. However, reporting and monitoring practice by states parties and the oversight mechanism fall well short of such obligations and mandates. The paper proposes a range of measures to better ensure the rights of the African child, and their importance for the rights of all children and in advancing the international human rights treaty system.
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McGaughey, Fiona. "The Role and Influence of Non-governmental Organisations in the Universal Periodic Review—International Context and Australian Case Study." Human Rights Law Review 17, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 421–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngx020.

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Abstract Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) play an important, albeit limited, role in the United Nations most recent human rights monitoring mechanism, the Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Drawing on empirical data from an Australian case study and interviews with international stakeholders, the study explores the NGO role and influence in this state-centric, peer review mechanism. Case study findings indicate that recommendations made by NGOs, in particular a coalition of domestic NGOs, correlate closely with many UPR recommendations but that United Nations sources are more influential. This suggests that other United Nation human rights mechanisms complement the UPR, so that NGOs should continue to engage with both these and the UPR.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human rights monitoring mechanism"

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Killander, Ulf Magnus. "The role of the African peer review mechanism in inducing compliance with human rights." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01282010-161254/.

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Makanje, Revai M. "Human rights monitoring in Africa : the African Peer Review Mechanism and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1046.

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"The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) is an African Union (AU) mandated programme whose main focus is to address key social, economic, and political issues for the African continent. Within the NEPAD programme and vision is the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), which has been described as a system of self-assessment, constructive peer dialogue, persuasion, and sharing of experience among member states of the African Union. The APRM is the execution mechanism for NEPAD, whose mandate is to monitor the preformance of states in different programme areas including human rights. The mandate on human rights monitoring falls within the political governance component of the NEPAD Declaration on Democracy, Political, Economic and Corporate Governance (NEPAD Declaration). The APRM has been introduced with a human rights monitoring component in a context where there already exist a number of other human rights mechanisms and institutions such as the African Commission. The proposed processes of the APRM in monitoring human rights in some ways resemble those of the African Commission while at the same time there are major differences between these mechanisms. For example, while the Africa Commission is a quasi-judicial body, which engages in legal processes, the APRM is a political process where heads of state are among the main actors. Some analysts have expressed the view that the creation of the APRM as a political process adds a vital component to the human rights monitoring in Africa which, since the creation of the African Commission, has remained purely legal and thus had limited success in ensuring human rights protection in Africa. While some have shared their doubt over the added value and role of the APRM in human rights monitoring, others have hailed it for providing a forum where heads of state will make political commitments for the protection of human rights. In this regard, the aim of this study is to analyse the role that the APRM will play in human rights monitoring in Africa. This analysis is done in relation to the work that is being done by the African Commission and the challenges that it has confonted over the years. In analysing the role of the APRM in human rights monitoring, this study unpacks the concept of peer review and analyse its practical implementation in Africa, especially in the field of human rights. This study also explores the implications on human rights protection and promotion of the co-existence of the African Commission and the APRM. ... Chapter 1 states the research questions/hypothesis, objectives of the study, relevance of study and literature review. It also looks at the scope and limitations of the study. Chapter 2 gives background information to the concept of peer review, how it is used in ensuring compliance with set standards by states and organisation. An analysis of the use of peer review by other international organisations is done. Further it gives an analysis of the APRM with a specific focus on its human rights monitoring role. Chapter 3 provides a brief background of the African Commission, its mandate and the challenges confronting it in its work. Thereafter there is an analysis of the challenges of the APRM in human rights monitoring and protection. Furthermore, the chapter critically analyses and evaluates peer review and its application in human rights monitoring in Africa. This chapter also highlights the similarities, overlaps and differences in the work and mandate of the APRM and the African Commission. Chapter 4 is the concluding chapter, which also provides recommendations for enhancing the efficiency and the co-operation of the APRM and the African Commission." -- Chapter 1.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Mebrahtu, Simon. "New architecture for the UN human rights treaties monitoring mechanisms : merging and partitioning the committees." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1244.

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"In the past 40 years these various procedures and outputs of the United Nations Human Rights Treaty System (UNHRTS) have gradually become sophisticated, developed and strengthened. It has made contributions to the promotion and protection of human rights. Despite its achievements, however, it also faces serious challenges and weaknesses, which induces some insider commentators to evaluate it as 'a system in crisis' and to criticise the whole system as one that urgently needs 'a complete overhaul'. From time to time, several proposals were made to improve the situation. However, the underlying problems persisted. Thus further and radical calls for re-organisation of the monitoring mechanism of the UNHRTS into a Unified and Standing Treaty Monitoring Body (USTMB) was made very recently. A further call for consolidation was made more explicit subsequently. In March 2006 the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) has issued a Concept Paper proposing to consolidate the current treaty monitoring bodies (TMBs) into a USTMB in an attempt to address the persistent problems the UNHTRS monitoring mechanism has been facing. A proposal regarded as too radical by many insiders of the UNHRTS. In view of the serious weaknesses of the UNHRTS monitoring mechanism, the initiated reform is a positive step. However, in seeking to introduce reform, and particularly within the UNHRTS, great caution is important not to throw the baby with water in the reform process. There is real concern about squandering, in the name of reform, the progress achieved over the last decades. In order to introduce an effective reform, it is important to be aware of [what] has worked and what has not, and make strategic choices based on these insights. In view of the proposed USTMB as a solution to the weakness of the system, balancing the reform initiative so that it will inherit the positive legacies while redressing the weakness is, therefore, a major contemporary concern." -- Introduction.
Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2006.
Prepared under the supervision of Mr. E.Y. Benneh at the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Lihuvud, Svensson Nathalie. "The universal periodic review : a study on the effectiveness of the United Nations Human Rights Council´s monitoring mechanism." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115624.

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Almakky, Rawa Ghazy. "The League of Arab States and the protection of human rights : a legal analysis." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11067.

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The United Nations has created an abundance of human rights treaties and declarations over the decades to promote a culture of human rights and to set normative provisions of human rights standards for all states to follow. This broad effort is supplemented by the work of regional human rights organisations, which aim to ensure implementation of these fundamental precepts, and to enhance its work to suit its regional circumstances, offering a protective source of jurisprudence at the domestic level. One such organisation, which this thesis examines, is the Arab League. In critically examining the history and the work of the Arab League, the study highlights the deficiencies in promoting and protecting human rights. In this context, this thesis critically examines the Arab League’s development and relationship with the wider international human rights apparatus. It provides a comprehensive overview of the system of the United Nations and its specialised organs that with the resolutions adopted helped the League establish its own regional human rights systems. It traces the history of the application of international human rights discourse in the Arab world. Accordingly, an attempt is made to conceptualise the universality of human rights in the region and the impact of the Shariah discourse. It then attempts to provide an analytic description of the Arab League and background to the region and undertakes an in-depth critical analysis of the structure of the League and assesses its impact in the region, all of which may have incentives to the League’s attempt to institutionalise, promote and protect human rights. The study considers the efforts made by the Arab Permanent Commission on Human Rights and its specialised agencies that ultimately led to the adoption of the Arab Charter on Human Rights (1994). After examining the limitations of the Commission and its work, the scope and structure of the revised Arab Charter on Human Rights (2004) is critically analysed. The study also examines and evaluates the legislative framework of the Arab Human Rights Committee (the Charter’s enforcement mechanism as per Art.45). A case study of the Syrian Arab Republic and the analysis of continuing violations of human rights in the region illustrate the deficiencies and limitations of the Arab League as a regional organisation.
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Winter, Marie. "Die UNESCO-Strategie zu Menschenrechten und Umsetzung ("Monitoring")." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-129985.

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Ist von der Arbeit der UNESCO die Rede, werden ihre Aktivitäten zum Schutz der Menschenrechte häufig vernachlässigt. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es deshalb, durch die Beschreibung und Bewertung der menschenrechtlichen Verpflichtungen und Aktivitäten der UNESCO, den Zusammenhang zwischen Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur und den Menschenrechten aufzuzeigen und damit die Bedeutung der menschenrechtlichen Arbeit der UNESCO zu verdeutlichen. Dabei wird zunächst auf die, von der UNESCO entwickelten, Strategie zum Schutz der Menschenrechte Bezug genommen und deren Inhalt und Umsetzung kritisch betrachtet. Zudem werden die beiden Monitoring-Verfahren der UNESCO (Staatenberichtsverfahren und Individualbeschwerdeverfahren) vorgestellt und analysiert. Dabei werden vor allem vorhandene Defizite und Probleme der menschenrechtlichen Arbeit der UNESCO hervorgehoben und gezeigt, dass insbesondere im Bereich der Monitoring-Verfahren Reformbedarf besteht.
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Manicom, Charlotte Joan Ogilvie. "Monitoring the unknown : improving adherence to the principle of non-refoulement through a 'monitoring network'." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4717.

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Simpson, James G. R. "Monitoring Marange : human rights surveillance, the Kimberley process, and Zimbabwe's blood diamonds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7d5dd95f-d15c-4111-83df-9c5ac327639a.

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This thesis examines the Kimberly Process (KP), a joint government, industry, and civil society initiative that launched a certification scheme in 2003 to stem the flow of 'conflict diamonds'. It traces its origins and early years and focuses on its later involvement in the politics around Zimbabwe's Marange diamond fields, where it entered into the terrain of human rights. Marange is used as a case study to explore a particular conception of power as it relates to the pursuit of human rights by local and international institutions. I use the debate around Stephen Hopgood's The Endtimes of Human Rights, specifically his argument that we are seeing the beginnings of a transnational rejection of international human rights law and the global institutions imposing it from above, as a springboard for an argument that we need to go beyond his top-down, legal-institutional emphasis if we are to explain the workings of human rights at Marange. I argue instead for a conception of disciplinary power that draws on Michel Foucault's work. The thesis offers a new perspective that focuses on how disciplinary power was exercised through the KP, and the surprising ways in which it came to bear on human rights. I describe the KP as a 'monitoring assemblage' that developed out of the diamond cartel, and rendered industry and state actors more visible as objects of knowledge, thereby disciplining them along norms promoted in the language the KP used to give meaning to its monitoring practices. This language was initially one of 'formalisation', of heightened state regulation with industry cooperation. Yet, the meaning given to the growing corpus of knowledge produced through the assemblage was changeable. This proved to be the case when there was a shift in the KP's founding 'strategic alignment', that is, the field of actors that first sought to constitute the monitoring assemblage by interacting and enabling each other through the common usage of a monitoring language. In making this case, I deploy a close reading of key texts, understood as forms of knowledge production that shaped disciplinary power, that were constructed by KP actors and their interlocutors for a range of public and private audiences. I argue that Marange precipitated a shift in the KP's founding strategic alignment, which brought about a human rights turn at the KP, partially subsuming its assemblage into the much vaster monitoring assemblage of the global human rights 'ecosystem', and giving rise to a new human rights language and knowledge production through the KP that disciplined the Zimbabwean state's behaviour in and around Marange. This outcome reflected forms of power that did not operate solely in top-down ways, through legal-institutional channels, or indeed for the sake of human rights norms. It represented acts of disciplining and self-disciplining that responded to ways in which knowledge and effective monitoring interacted with wider pressures and goals, including those of an ailing diamond cartel, rising international NGOs, Hollywood filmmakers, predatory Zimbabwean elite state actors, imperilled local Zimbabwean civil society actors, and a US-led western government push for Zimbabwean regime change.
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Khayundi, Francis Bulimo Mapati. "The Kenya National Human Rights Commission and the promotion, protection and monitoring of socio-economic rights in Kenya." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/60413.

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The promulgation of the 2010 Constitution of Kenya introduced socio-economic rights (SERs) amid widespread poverty and rising inequality. This study seeks to answer the overarching question, what role can the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) play in promoting, protecting and monitoring SERs in Kenya? Further research questions included whether the KNCHR has the requisite powers to perform its mandate and what lessons could be learned from the South African context. The research sought to understand how the local context affects the ability of KNCHR to carry out its mandate. Likewise, it analyses some of the contributions KNCHR has made in the promotion and protection of SERs while identifying the challenges the Commission faces in carrying out its mandate. Several methodologies were utilised to answer the research questions above. The methodologies included the doctrinal method, analysis of secondary sources and interviews with key informants. A comparative legal research methodology was also employed, with the SAHRC being used as a case study on how NHRIs can promote, protect and monitor SERs. The findings from the research argue that the Paris Principles provide the minimum guidelines on the establishment of NHRIs. Compliance with these Principles has not necessarily guaranteed the effectives of NHRIs. Any assessment of an NHRI should be based on its performance and legitimacy considering the local factors obtaining within its jurisdiction. The domestic protection and judicial enforcement of human rights in Kenya, though crucial to the realisation of SERs, has been fraught with challenges. These challenges have meant that the realisation of SERs has been curtailed and necessitated complementary institutions for human rights to be realised. Given the country’s constitutional architecture, the KNCHR was one such institution that could complement the role of the judiciary given its wide mandate. With SERs a new feature of the 2010 Constitution, the KNCHR had to find ways to promote SERs in the country considering the local peculiarities such as poverty, a highly political climate and lack of political goodwill from the legislature and executive sometime characterised by open hostility. These challenges and the new nature of these rights called for a comparative study with the SAHRC given some similarities between the two jurisdictions. The SAHRC provided valuable lessons having had more experience in dealing with SERs while navigating similar challenges the KNCHR faced or might face. The findings of the research prompted recommendations directed at the KNCHR and other stakeholders, specifically the legislature and executive on how to address the challenges curtailing the performance of the KNCHR in general and particularly ways in which the Commission could go about in promoting, protecting and monitoring SERs.
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Matrosov, Pavel Igorevich. "Comparative analysis of constitutional law mechanism for human rights protection in Canada and Russia." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80941.

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This thesis offers a comparative analysis of the Constitutional law mechanism for human rights protection in Canada and Russia. Russia is experiencing a transition from the former soviet regime towards democracy and civil society. Since the beginning of the transition in 1991 Russia has made three major steps in that direction: the adoption of the Declaration of Rights and Freedoms of the Individual and Citizen of 1991, the Constitution of 1993 and the ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1998. However, the existent constitutional law mechanism for human rights protection is not fully effective due to its novelty for Russian society. A number of lessons can be learned from the Canadian and European experiences of human rights protection. Among them is the necessity to build the mechanism for human rights protection that will be based on the rule of law, direct application of the Constitution, and the creation of a human rights culture, supported by the people's trust in independent judicial institutions.
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Books on the topic "Human rights monitoring mechanism"

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OHCHR Country Office in Uganda. Uganda and the UN human rights mechanisms. Kampala, Uganda: OHCHR Country Office in Uganda, 2011.

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B, Chimhini S., Sacco S. F, Ndawana Duduzile, and Human Rights Trust of Southern Africa., eds. Reference book on human rights monitoring and enforcement mechanisms. Harare: Human Rights Trust of Southern Africa, 2007.

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A, Bloed, and International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights., eds. Monitoring human rights in Europe: Comparing international procedures and mechanisms. Dordrecht: M. Nijhoff in co-operation with the International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights, 1993.

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Human rights monitoring mechanisms of the Council of Europe. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.

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Th, Möller Jakob, and Alfredsson Gudmundur, eds. International human rights monitoring mechanisms: Essays in honour of Jakob Th. Moller. 2nd ed. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff, 2009.

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(Leonard), Zulu L., ed. Human rights monitoring and enforcement mechanisms: A practical guide to the United Nations and the African Union human rights protection mechanisms. 3rd ed. Harare: Human Rights Trust of Southern Africa, 2006.

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Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma). "Kambhāʹ Kula Samagga lūʹ ʼa khvaṅʻʹ ʼa reʺ chuiṅʻ rā ʼadhika lupʻ ṅanʻʺ yantayāʺ myāʺ, 2002": Lupʻ puiṅʻ khvaṅʻʹ nhaṅʻʹ lupʻ ṅanʻʺ choṅʻ rvakʻ kyakʻ myāʺ = The United Nations thematic mechanisms 2002 : an overview of their work and mandates. Mae Sot, Tak: Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ reʺ ʼA kyañʻʺ sāʺ myāʺ Kū ññī Coṅʻʹ rhokʻ reʺ ʼA saṅʻʺ (Mranʻ mā Nuiṅʻ ṅaṃ), 2008.

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Edzia, Carvalho, ed. Measuring human rights. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2009.

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Adam, Stapleton, and University of Essex. Human Rights Centre., eds. The human rights handbook: A practical guide to monitoring human rights. Colchester: Human Rights Centre, University of Essex, 1995.

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English, Kathryn. The human rights handbook: A practical guide to monitoring human rights. Capetown: Juta, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human rights monitoring mechanism"

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Smith, Rhona. "International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms." In Core Documents on European and International Human Rights, 319–55. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-21959-6_14.

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"International monitoring as a human rights enforcement mechanism." In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms, 10–36. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781803920511.00008.

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"Human Rights Education." In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms, 285–92. Brill | Nijhoff, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478886_017.

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"55. The European Parliament As A Human Rights Monitoring Mechanism." In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms, 605–8. Brill | Nijhoff, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162365.i-728.315.

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"32. Human Rights Education." In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms, 347–53. Brill | Nijhoff, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162365.i-728.186.

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"The Protection Mechanism under the African Charter and the Protocol on the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights." In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms, 713–29. Brill | Nijhoff, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004478886_052.

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"General monitoring." In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms, 83–122. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781803920511.00010.

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"12. Negotiating The Monitoring Mechanism For The Convention On The Rights Of Persons With Disabilities: Two Steps Forward, One Step Back." In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms, 133–48. Brill | Nijhoff, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162365.i-728.76.

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de Beco, Gauthier. "Monitoring: The Role of Independent Mechanisms." In Disability in International Human Rights Law, 174–87. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824503.003.0011.

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This chapter concerns the role of independent mechanisms. It explains what national human rights institutions (NHRIs) are as well as the fundamental principles that should guide these institutions as set out in the Paris Principles. It then examines the requirement to set up a ‘framework including one or more independent mechanism’ in accordance with the CRPD as well as the way in which such mechanisms relate to the said Principles and all the possibilities open to States Parties regarding this framework. It finishes by exploring what the reference to the Paris Principles has come to mean for NHRIs and what the Convention reveals in the field of international human rights law through its elaborate monitoring system.
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"60. Parliamentary Human Rights Mechanisms." In International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms, 649–57. Brill | Nijhoff, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004162365.i-728.334.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human rights monitoring mechanism"

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LADYCHENKO, Viktor. "INFORMATION POLICY IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL SPHERE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE AND THE EU." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.218.

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The purpose of this research is to develop a legal mechanism for ensuring the right to access environmental information to ensure sustainable development of society. In the context of our study we developed an understanding of information human rights - the right to collect, disseminate, use and preserve environmental information is fundamental and natural. We understand information human rights as a group of rights with a center around freedom of information, the right to environmental information, the right to communication in environmental sphere, the right to access to environmental information that is public or socially significant, the right to privacy, and the protection of personal data. In the EU, access to environmental information is regulated by Directive 2003/4/EC (Aarhus Convention, 1998). Citizens of the EU have the right to receive this information within one month from the moment they ask and not to mention why they need it. In addition, public authorities are required to actively disseminate information on environmental information at their disposal. In Ukraine defined system of a jurisdiction whose collection includes different types of environmental information and formation of information on environmental policy. But the issue of public administration in the field of environmental protection is currently split between different executive bodies; there is no united information policy and the body responsible for it. There is no obligation for the authorities to inform the population even in crisis situations. This study will form the legal framework to ensure the right of access to environmental information in Ukraine by introducing the position of Information Commissioner - an official, the competence of which includes monitoring of compliance of information law with information policy in the environmental field.
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Engel, Joachim. "Statistics education and human rights monitoring." In Statistics education for Progress: Youth and Official Statistics. International Association for Statistical Education, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.13901.

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The paper discusses the role of statistical knowledge for promoting and monitoring human rights. It is based on the assumption that skills to understand and analyze trends in quantitative data are needed to evaluate situations involving civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. For educators, the topic of human rights and statistics involves issues of value clarification, understanding and embracing the principles of human equality and dignity as well as skills for analyzing situations in human rights terms - topics that address the mind and the heart. Moreover, it lets students experience that statistical analyses play a role in understanding the pressing social and political issues of our time.
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Wohlers, Benedict, Jan Strüwer, Felix Schreckenberg, Felix Barczewicz, and Stefan Dziwok. "A Domain-independent Model for KPI-based Process Management." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001621.

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Monitoring, assessing, and improving company processes is one of the most important and challenging tasks of management. Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are a well-established means of assessing and managing company processes and performance. In previous publications, we transferred the concept of KPIs to mechatronic products. Here KPIs are calculated based on data generated within the production process. Thus, the KPIs provide information about the current condition of the production process and produced products and enable efficient product and process control. The basis of this approach is a KPI model, which enables the specification of company-specific products, product-specific KPIs, and limits. By structuring the KPIs as a hierarchical system, company goals can be expressed at different levels of abstraction through the KPIs and their limits. Thus, goals are assessable for stakeholders at all management levels, which eases communication and reporting. Furthermore, the hierarchical approach allows for a high degree of transparency regarding the monitored processes and potential bottlenecks. Underperforming KPIs can be explained in more detail by diving into subordinated KPIs, utilizing the provided hierarchy. In this paper, we present a revised, domain-independent version of our KPI model. The revised model allows the definition of company-specific processes, products, and data sources that can be linked to the KPIs. In addition, mechanisms have been implemented to add additional parallel or hierarchical company-related levels, such as teams or company sites. To illustrate this, we show the application of the model in two different domains: Supply chain management and software development. For supply chain management, we consider the supply of parts in the material procurement of a manufacturing company. To ensure smooth production, it is essential that the right components are available and, thus, the so-called Seven-Rights of logistics are guaranteed. At the same time, high availability with other target variables is tangential to high logistical efficiency in a company's procurement and production. In this paper, the component availability is considered as top-level KPI, which consists of subordinated KPIs such as the delivery quantity reliability or the delivery time announced by the supplier. Thus, increased component availability can be achieved and further information, such as supplier quality, can be derived and utilized.For software development, we utilize the KPI model to assess and guide a company's DevOps transformation. DevOps was inspired by agile approaches to manage and improve production processes, such as Lean or the Toyota Way. The DevOps transformation is difficult for most companies, as each company may have different reasons and goals associated with it. Some companies aim to increase their software deployment rate, while others focus on software stability and quality. To support companies with this complex task of changing their development process, as well as parts of their organization's culture, a flexible and unique model is needed. In our example, a DevOps maturity index, based on performance, quality, and organizational KPIs is introduced using our KPI model. Based on this index, the status of the DevOps transformation is monitored and the next steps for the transformation can be derived.
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Deng, Yu-Lin, and Wen-Ping Wang. "Study on Incentive Mechanism of Knowledge Employees Based on Human Capital Property Rights." In 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science (MASS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmss.2009.5303355.

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Jin, Huiling, Xiaoran Yuan, and Zhiyi Zhu. "A Study on the Human Rights Responsibility of Transnational Corporations and its Supervision Mechanism." In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.123.

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Engel, Joachim, Achim Schiller, Daniel Frischemeier, and Rolf Biehler. "Statistics education and monitoring progress towards civil rights." In Promoting Understanding of Statistics about Society. International Association for Statistical Education, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.16102.

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Monitoring societal progress towards respect of civil, economic, social and cultural human rights is mainly about analyzing trends in mass phenomena that may contradict the purposes and visions of an open society which promises equity and fairness to all its members. To assess these trends requires statistical knowledge and understanding of multivariate phenomena. For educators, these topics address issues beyond teaching technical skills for analyzing data and concern matters of value clarification, understanding and embracing the principles of human equality and dignity - topics that address the mind and the heart. Moreover, students experience statistical analyses playing a role in understanding pressing social and political issues of our time. Exemplified by data from the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights and by a large multivariate data set on racial bias in European football we discuss potentials and implications of taking this topic to the classroom.
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Paskevska, Yuliia. "Monitoring of human rights in the area of mental health: European and national dimensions." In III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MENTAL HEALTH CARE “Mental Health: Global challenges of XXI century”. NDSAN (MFC - coordinator of the NDSAN), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/pscproceedings.issue-2019.yp.27.

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Языкеев, Сергей Николаевич. "ON THE LEGAL MECHANISM OF RESTRICTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS IN ORDER TO ENSURE SECURITY." In Национальная безопасность России: актуальные аспекты: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Сентябрь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nb193.2021.22.84.004.

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В статье анализируется правовой механизм ограничения конституционных прав человека и гражданина в целях обеспечения безопасности. Автор приходит к выводу о необходимости закрепления в Федеральном законе «О безопасности» правового механизма ограничения прав и свобод человека и гражданина в целях обеспечения безопасности, который будет распространяться в том числе и на специальное законодательство. The article analyzes the legal mechanism of restricting the constitutional rights of a person and a citizen in order to ensure security. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to consolidate in the Federal Law "On Security" a legal mechanism for restricting human and civil rights and freedoms in order to ensure security, which will also apply to special legislation.
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REDMOND, JOSH. "Moderate Resolution Remote Sensing and Machine Learning for Human Rights Monitoring: The Case of Rakhine State, Myanmar." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553953.

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Plata, Alberto Mora, Juan E. Garrido, Jose A. F. Valls, Victor M. R. Penichet, and Maria Dolores Lozano. "Looking for an Adequate Monitoring Mechanism for Rehabilitation Systems Based on Movement Interaction." In Interacción '16: XVII International Conference on Human Computer Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2998626.2998657.

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Reports on the topic "Human rights monitoring mechanism"

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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Kassim Nishtar, Aisling Reidy, Sara Darehshori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/pb-f/2021/2.

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Based on the proposal by the European Council, more than 25 heads of state and the World Health Organization (WHO) support development of an international treaty on pandemics, that planned to be negotiated under the auspices of WHO, will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. Given that the treaty alone is not enough to ensure compliance, triggers for a high-level political response is required. To this end, to inform the design of a support system, we explored institutional mechanismsi with a mandate to review compliance with key international agreements in their signatory countries and conduct independent country investigations in a manner that manages sovereign considerations. Based on our review, there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right. There is, however, potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms to support a strong, enforceable treaty. These aspects include: • Periodic review - based on the model of human rights treaties, with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body to ensure the independence. If made obligatory, the review could support compliance with the treaty. • On-site investigations - based on the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture according to which visits cannot be blocked by state parties. • Non-negotiable design principles - including accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. • Technical support - WHO can provide countries with technical assistance, tools, monitoring, and assessment to enhance emergency preparedness and response.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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Kohlitz, Jeremy, Naomi Carrard, and Juliet Willett. Support Mechanisms to Strengthen Equality and Non-Discrimination (EQND) in Rural Sanitation (Part 2 of 2). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.003.

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A renewed focus on equity is being driven by the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation framework and Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, which emphasise the importance of adequate and equitable sanitation for all. However, as raised in Part 1 of this issue on equality and non-discrimination (EQND), there is evidence that CLTS processes for achieving community-wide outcomes are not always systematic, adequate, sustained, or sufficient to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups. A compilation of 50 CLTS and rural sanitation programmes around the world that significantly used support mechanisms was gathered to inform this issue. Our rapid review of the programmes found that although numerous trials existed, few had been taken to scale, few were located outside of Asia, and many did not have disaggregated monitoring and evaluation information that is publicly shared or collected at all. This issue therefore emphasises the importance of monitoring, evaluating and knowledge sharing processes in building an evidence base for facilitating equitable rural sanitation outcomes.
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Milican, Juliet. Mapping Best Practice Guidelines in working with Civil Society Organisations. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.092.

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This report sets out to map the different guidance documents available on how to work most effectively with civil society in the delivery of international aid in ways that deepen democracy and advance the rights of marginalised or excluded groups. It includes a review of guidelines published by other key international development funders and implementors written for their own teams, an overview of guidance provided for DAC members within OECD countries and policy papers on cooperation between the state and CSOs. It looks primarily at documents produced in the last ten years, between 2011 and 2021 and includes those related to cooperation on specific issues (such as drugs policy or human rights, as well as those that deal with specific countries or regions (such as Europe or the MENA region). The majority of documents identified are written by government aid departments (eg USAID, Norad) but there are one or two produced by umbrella civil society organisations (such as Bond) or international legal think tanks (such as ICNL, the International Centre for Not for Profit Law). There was a remarkable consistency between the issues Millican addressed in the different documents although their size and length varied between outline guidance on 2 – 3 pages and a comprehensive (62 page) overview that included definitions of civil society, range of organisations, reasons for collaborating, mechanisms for financing, monitoring and ensuring accountability and challenges in and guidance on the ways in which donors might work with CSOs.
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Avis, William. Role of Faith and Belief in Environmental Engagement and Action in MENA Region. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.086.

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This helpdesk report provides a critical review of the literature on the role of faith and religious values in environmental engagement and action. Contemporary studies have examined the relationship between religion and climate change including the ongoing “greening” process of religions. The review focuses on the responses of the Islamic faith in the MENA region to climate-related issues. MENA is considered one of the region’s most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The rapid review drawing from empirical findings notes that religious organizations have great potential in the protection of the environment. Religious organizations possess resources and infrastructure to positively impact the conversation on climate change. While the review acknowledges the important role that religion plays in environmental engagement, there is still no unified perception of climate change among members of the Islamic faith. There are those who believe that there are other more urgent issues such as radicalism, terrorism, democracy, and human rights. The review notes that the shared challenge of climate change can provide a mechanism to bring together faiths to discuss, share teachings, and agree on common action.
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Synchak, Bohdan. Freedom of choice and freedom of action in the Ukrainian media. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11400.

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The article talks about the philosophical foundations that characterize the mechanism of internal inducement to action. As an academic, constitutional, and socio-ideological concept, the boundaries of freedom are outlined, which are displayed in the field of modern media space. The term «freedom» is considered as several philosophical concepts that formed the basis of the modern interpretation of this concept. The totality of its meanings is generalized into one that is adapted for the modern system. Parallels are drawn between the interaction of the concept of user freedom with the plane of domestic mass media because despite, the fact that consciousness is knowledge, the incoming information directly affects the individual and collective consciousness. Using the example of the most popular digital platforms, the components of the impact on users and the legal aspect of their implementation are analyzed. When considering the issues of freedom of choice and freedom of action on the Internet, special attention is paid to methods of collecting and processing information, in particular, the limitations and possibilities of digital programs-algorithms of the popular search engine Google. The types of personal information collected by Google about the user are classified and the possible mechanisms of influence on personal choice and access to information on the Internet are characterized. The article analyzes the constitutional guarantees of freedom and the impact of digital technologies on them. Particular attention is paid to ethics, in particular journalistic, which nominally regulates the limits of the humane, permissible, a / moral (unacceptable/acceptable) in the implementation of professional information activities in the media. Thus, the issue of freedom of choice and freedom of action in the plane of domestic mass media is subject to an objective examination of its components, they are analyzed for a proper constitutionally suitable phenomenon, which must be investigated from the point of view of compliance with human rights and freedoms and professional standards within the media.
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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learned on Cultural Heritage Protection in Conflict and Protracted Crisis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.068.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the lessons learned from initiatives aimed at embedding better understanding of cultural heritage protection within international monitoring, reporting and response efforts in conflict and protracted crisis. The report uses the terms cultural property and cultural heritage interchangeably. Since the signing of the Hague Treaty in 1954, there has bee a shift from 'cultural property' to 'cultural heritage'. Culture is seen less as 'property' and more in terms of 'ways of life'. However, in much of the literature and for the purposes of this review, cultural property and cultural heritage are used interchangeably. Tangible and intangible cultural heritage incorporates many things, from buildings of globally recognised aesthetic and historic value to places or practices important to a particular community or group. Heritage protection can be supported through a number of frameworks international humanitarian law, human rights law, and peacebuilding, in addition to being supported through networks of the cultural and heritage professions. The report briefly outlines some of the main international legal instruments and approaches involved in cultural heritage protection in section 2. Cultural heritage protection is carried out by national cultural heritage professionals, international bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as citizens. States and intergovernmental organisations may support cultural heritage protection, either bilaterally or by supporting international organisations. The armed forces may also include the protection of cultural heritage in some operations in line with their obligations under international law. In the third section, this report outlines broad lessons on the institutional capacity and politics underpinning cultural protection work (e.g. the strength of legal protections; institutional mandates; production and deployment of knowledge; networks of interested parties); the different approaches were taken; the efficacy of different approaches; and the interface between international and local approaches to heritage protection.
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Inter-American Development Bank Sustainability Report 2020: Global Reporting Initiative Annex. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003100.

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The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) sets global standards for sustainability reporting, relying on best practices for reporting on a range of economic, environmental, and social impacts. This is the IDBs fifth GRI annex, prepared as a supplement to the IDB Sustainability Report. The annex reports on both corporate and operational topics using standardized indicators. The following material topics are included in the annex: active ownership, anticorruption and ethics, biodiversity, climate resilience, employment and labor relations, energy, engagement and coordination, feedback mechanisms, financial inclusion, gender equality and diversity, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, health and safety, human rights, indirect economic impacts, market presence, material use, monitoring and evaluation, responsible portfolio, supply chain management, training and education, waste, and water.
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