Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human rights issue

Academic literature on the topic 'Human rights issue'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Human rights issue"

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SIEGEL, Lukáš. "The restrictions of human rights – COVID-19 pandemic and ethical issue." Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2021, no. 154 (2021): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2021.154.21.

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Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyze some of the most significant ethical and human rights impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis aims to demonstrate the failures of many political decision that lead to restriction and limitation of human rights. Design/methodology/approach: We analyze various documents, reports and news articles that provide essential information about the different governmental restrictions that may lead to controversial human rights issues. We also use some philosophical texts to support our theoretical basis for the defence of human rights. Overall, we aim to find some of the groups that were vulnerable during COVID-19 pandemic and describe some of the human rights concerns and ethical issues. Social implications: We hope that our article will impact political regulations and restrictions that can have severe human rights implications. We also hope to inspire citizens, scientists and politicians to uphold and protect human rights and dignity during COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: In our article, we have found that many countries had problems with creating rules, restriction and regulations that are upholding and protecting human rights or did not have ethical implications. We have also found that many vulnerable groups were disadvantaged because regulations did not take into account their precarious position. Originality/value: We have analyzed the ongoing ethical and human rights problems with the COVID-19 pandemic because we believe that they present some of the most fundamental challenges to our society. Our analysis tries to demonstrate some of the most fundamental human rights issues and proposes to address these issues to avoid any future failures.
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Trias Trueta, K. "A human rights issue." International Medical Review on Down Syndrome 17, no. 2 (May 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2171-9748(13)70034-5.

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Park, Baekkwan, Amanda Murdie, and David R. Davis. "The (co)evolution of human rights advocacy: Understanding human rights issue emergence over time." Cooperation and Conflict 54, no. 3 (November 9, 2018): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836718808315.

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How does the discussion of human rights issues change over time? Without advocates adopting a human rights issue in the first place, international ‘shaming’ cannot occur. In this article, we examine how human rights discussions converge and diverge around new frames and new issues over time. Human rights norms do not evolve alone; their prevalence, framing, and focus are all dependent on how they relate to other norms in the advocacy community. Drawing on over 30,000 documents from dozens of human rights organizations from 1990 to 2011, we provide a temporal overview and visualization of the ebb and flow of human rights issues. Using our new dataset and state-of-the-art methods from computer science, our approach allows us to quantitatively examine (a) how new issues emerge in the advocacy network, (b) the relationship of these new issues to extant human rights advocacy and information, and (c) how the framing and specificity of these issues change over time. By focusing on the process by which a new issue gets incorporated into the work of advocates, we provide an empirical assessment of the first step in the causal process connecting shaming to improvement in human rights practices.
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Waddington, Lisa. "Disability: A Human Rights Issue." Maastricht Journal of European and Comparative Law 1, no. 4 (December 1994): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1023263x9400100401.

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Lee, Clark J. "Sleep: a human rights issue." Sleep Health 2, no. 1 (March 2016): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2015.12.007.

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Truffer, Daniela. "It’s a Human Rights Issue!" Narrative Inquiry in Bioethics 5, no. 2 (2015): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nib.2015.0037.

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Kent, George. "Breastfeeding: A human rights issue?" Development 44, no. 2 (June 2001): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1110244.

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Maharry, James M. "The issue of animal rights and human rights." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 164, no. 6 (June 1991): 1543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(91)91434-x.

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Heller, Fredericka. "The issue of animal rights and human rights." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 166, no. 5 (May 1992): 1588–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9378(92)91639-r.

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Farahat, Anuscheh, and Ingrid Leijten. "Human rights overreach?" Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 40, no. 2 (May 24, 2022): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09240519221099814.

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Current and future challenges are in need of an effective human rights response. In ensuring this, the question can be asked whether there is such a thing as human rights overreach, and if so, what must be done about it. This contribution deals with this question by, first, outlining various forms of human rights proliferation. For example, proliferation can take the shape of expanding the scope of rights or inventing new human rights. It then illuminates several lines of criticism that can be found in the literature. These concern issues of legalisation and of judicialisation, as well as the indeterminacy of rights. The articles that together form this Special Issue deal with aspects of proliferation and (potential) overreach from different and original angles. After introducing these, it is concluded that the overreach question is even more complex than it seems and requires careful consideration if we want to make human rights more effective and more resilient.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human rights issue"

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Mai, Tam Thi Hong. "Human Rights in Vietnam: A Debatable Issue." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1212197540.

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Mahery, Prinslean Sandra. "Children's health service rights and the issue of consent." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1858_1223452795.

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Although the concept of human rights is very much accepted as part of human existence throughout the world today, there is still much controversy surrounding the idea of rights for children. The Constitution, however, not only recognises the fact that like all other members of society, children are capable of being bearers of human rights but emphasises also the special position of children in society by granting them specific rights in the Constitution. Health rights are particularly important for children as the entitlements and obligations created by such rights are necessary for children to realise their full potential. In this thesis the entitlements and obligations attached to children'shealth service rights in the COnstitution are explored.

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Delgado, Andres. "Memory and Truth in Human Rights: The Argentina Case. The Issue of Truth and Memory in the Aftermath of Gross Human Rights Violations in Argentina." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4306.

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This thesis focuses on the importance of truth and memory in the process of transitional justice, within the context of the aftermath of gross violations of human rights that occurred during the military dictatorship of 1976 to 1983 in Argentina. The military junta that ruled Argentina took power under the pretext of national security, arguing that an enemy threatened to destabilize and destroy Argentine society. During the period of the military dictatorship an estimated 30,000 people "disappeared"; relatives of those disappeared mobilized and formed human rights organizations to confront the military regime for its abuses. Once the dictatorship collapsed and democratic rule was reestablished these human rights organizations changed their focus, mobilizing once again to find their missing relatives, learn the truth, and prosecute those responsible of any crimes. A series of amnesty laws and pardons protected the perpetrators of many of the crimes of the military regime through most of the 1990's, until in 2005 the Argentine Supreme Court declared those laws unconstitutional. During the period before the 2005 ruling human rights organizations worked hard to gather the truth about the crimes of the military regime and ensure these crimes were not forgotten. Their initiatives included the famous weekly march to the Plaza de Mayo by members of Madres (Mothers), one of the most important human rights organizations in Argentina; escraches (reveal what is hidden) and public protests by HIJOS (Sons and daughters of the disappeared), actions in which members of HIJOS would go to the houses of known members of the military juntas and protest at their front doors; and programs to find missing grandchildren by Abuelas (Grandmothers), a human rights organization dedicated to searching for the missing children of the disappeared; and others. Because of the structure of terror during the military junta, most Argentines did not know exactly what was happening to the missing persons, and they were afraid to ask. The truth gathering initiatives and the official report of the commission charged with investigating the junta, CONADEP, came into being in response to this lack of knowledge. They helped to inform the Argentine people and the new generations of what had happened during the military dictatorship in hopes of making sure that such abuses do not occur again.
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Heckman, Francien. "Statelessness as a Global Human Rights Issue : Case Study of Statelessness in India and Myanmar." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44967.

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Statelessness as we know it now has its roots at the beginning of the 20th century. Today more than ten million people around the world are not recognised by any state as a national.  This drastically impacts both their national and human rights. Ranging from access to education, to access to health care, denial of freedom of movement and denial of political involvement to mention a few.  This paper starts by providing a theoretical background to statelessness. We will then dive deeper into the varying contributing factors and causes of statelessness, outlining specific factors and relating them to real-life situations around the globe. After this, there will be an analysis of the ways in which the lack of a functional nationality affects the enjoyment of human rights.  In chapter six we will take a deeper look into two illustrative case studies of India and Myanmar.  In the reflection, we will look at how the case studies relate to statelessness as a global problem.
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Roy, Choudhury Aditi. "India's progress towards addressing domestic violence as a human rights issue a test of Helsinki model /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1445040921&sid=9&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Yusuf, Camilla. "Female genital mutilation as a human rights issue : examining the law against female genital mutilation in Tanzania." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5169.

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Mabtue, Kamga Mireille. "Terrorism and International Criminal Court : the issue of subject matter jurisdiction." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26659.

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Terrorism is not a new threat to the international order but it is a threat that has grown more urgent in the last few years. Terrorism has become a tragic circumstance of everyday live and has caused a remarkable loss of lives. It was only after the terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11 2001, that the international community realised it needed to co-operate and take actions against terrorism on an international level. One response has been the adoption of international rules for the suppression and eradication of terrorism and terrorist activities and making accountable the perpetrators of such acts. In fact, the contingent character of ad hoc tribunals encourages states to carry out their idea of establishing a permanent penal jurisdiction. The establishment of the International Criminal Court is considered a crowning achievement for preventing and prosecuting abominable crimes. The jurisdiction of the court shall be limited to the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole; this includes crime of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and eventually crime of aggression. However disagreement over a definition of what constitutes terrorist activity made it impossible to include within the jurisdiction of the Court such serious crime named terrorism. There have been multiple approaches to the issue, but despite all efforts to pursue individuals who committed human rights violations, the ICC’s subject matter jurisdiction is limited since the international community could not reach to a consensual definition on what should be understood as terrorism. Consequently the Court does not have jurisdiction over international terrorism. There is therefore no standing, permanent international body with criminal jurisdiction over individuals accused of terrorist acts, although such acts may in extreme case fall within the rubric of crime against humanity. The various instruments and international directives dedicated to the eradication and suppression of terrorism have not resolved the impasse of its definition; nor is there any ‘unified’ international law approach to combating terrorism.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Public Law
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Pekdemir, Zeynep Ferah. "The Property Issue In The Cyprus Question." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12609565/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to provide an evaluation of the property aspect of the Cyprus problem. The '
property issue'
is an important aspect of the problem because it concerns the individual human rights and interests of a large population on both sides of the island. Following an introduction and a description of the historical backgroundof the island, there will be a basic account of the Cyprus conflict in order to have a perspective on the disagreement. The bulk of the thesis is then formed by the problem of property in the overall disagreement and both sides&rsquo
arguments towards the issue. After detailing various peace negotiations in relation to the property issue, the involvement of the European Court of Human Rights in the issue will be discussed, including the most recent developments which have since emerged
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Sadikot, Minaz. "International Law : The Issue of Rape." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12008.

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Varför har FN inte kunnat erkänna våldtäkt som ett krigsbrott?

Denna studie har ägnats åt att upplysa användning av våldtäkt och andra former utav sexuella övergrepp under krig och dess konsekvenser för utsatta kvinnor. Studien har tillämpat en kvalitativ och litterär metod. Den största delen av materialet har tagits ur diverse artiklar, dokument och tidsskrifer. Uppsatsen upplyser kvinnors rättigheter inom den internationella arenan och studien ifrågasätter varför Förenta Nationerna (FN) har dröjt (ca.50 år) med att identifiera våldtäkt som ett krigsbrott inom internationall lagstiftning.

Första delen av uppsatsen kommer att presentera de underliggande teorierna som preciserar konceptet sexuellt övergrepp och mer djupgående, också förklara anledningar bakom anvädning av våldtäkt, därav begränsa dess anvädning inom krigsförhållanden.

Andra delen av uppsatsen sätter fokus på termen våldtäkt och dess utveckling inom den juridiska ramen. Den behandlar folkrätt, och framhäver även orsaker till FN’s svaghet och svårighet att kunna erkänna, inte bara våldtäkt som ett krigsbrott, utan också andra frågor som är problematiska för FN att kunna hantera. Eftersom begreppet ’våldtäkt’ är relativt brett, faller det både under kvinnors rättigheter och i sin tur under mänskliga rättigheter. Av denna anledning kommer uppsatsen att ta upp de möjliga anledningar om varför det har dröjt för FN, men också dess svårighter, att kunna erkänna anvädning av våldtäkt som ett vapen inom krig.

Tredje delen av uppsatsen tar upp några av de möjliga problem som är ohanterliga för FN, bland annat kulturella skillnader och individuella åsikter mellan medlems staterna, vilket medför brist på konsensus. Uppsatsen ifrågasätter även om kvinnors rättigheter är del av mänskilga rättigheter. Utöver det kommer även uppsatsen resonera kring FN’s dilemma att kunna särskilja sin roll som ett mellanstatligt och transnationellt organ. Och sist men inte minst kommer suveräniteten, som varje stat har rätten till att erhålla, att diskuteras. Denna punkt kommer att klargöra den oenighet som förekommer mellan medlems staterna, vilket ännu än gång har resulterat i det dröjsmål som uppstått i att kunna indentifiera våldtäkt som ett krigsbrott.


Why haven’t the UN been able to recognise rape as a weapon of war?

The thesis enlightens the usage of rape in war and the consequences this has brought on women who have been subjected to rape. The bulk of the information is taken from various articles, documents and journals and the method used is of a qualitative nature. The thesis sheds light upon women’s rights in the international arena and questions why it took so long (almost 50 years) for the United Nations (UN) in addressing rape as a war crime within international law.

The first part of the thesis will present various theories that elucidate the word sexual violence and more accurately ‘rape’ in the context of war. The second part generates the judicial part that will depict the difficulty for the international community to address rape as a war crime within international law.

Furthermore the thesis takes the approach in presenting obstacles faced by the UN, within the framework of human rights, to handle delicate issues such as rape and sexual violence. Since rape is, to a large extent, complicated and a broad concept, and since it falls under the category of women’s rights and under human rights, the thesis will explain reasons behind the dawdling and the hurdles faced by the UN in accepting rape under the category of war crime.

The third part of the thesis will present possible predicaments that are unmanageable for the UN. Some possible issues that the thesis has touched upon, is cultural diversity and differing opinions among the member states which has resulted in lack of consensus. Furthermore, the study will present the notion of women’s rights, and question if they are part of human rights. The thesis will also discuss the dual role of the UN and its struggle for the past decade to uphold its role both as an intergovernmental as well as a transnational body. Lastly the thesis will enlighten sovereignty that each state must enjoy. Sovereignty has resulted in lack of agreement among the member states which again has caused delay in recognising rape as a war crime.

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Saglam, Suheyla Hande. "The Property Issue In Cyprus 1974-2012." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614378/index.pdf.

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This thesis aims to analyze the property issue in the Cyprus conflict from 1974 up to 2012 based on historical and legal factors. First of all, the historical background of the Cyprus conflict will be evaluated with its different dimensions. After the EU and UN&rsquo
s involvement, the conflict internationalized and regarding the geostrategic importance of the island with the security concerns in the Middle East region the core of today&rsquo
s conflict became the property issue. In this respect, especially both the Turkish and Greek Cypriots proposals about property issue will be detailed one by one. Following that, based on these proposals the Turkish and Greek Cypriots cases to the ECHR about property issue will be analyzed. In the light of these the overall solutions to the Cyprus conflict will be evaluated.
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Books on the topic "Human rights issue"

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The human rights issue. Cambridge: Independence, 2006.

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Schifter, Richard. The human rights issue in Korea. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1987.

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Schifter, Richard. The human rights issue in Korea. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1987.

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Schifter, Richard. The human rights issue in Korea. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of Public Communication, Editorial Division, 1987.

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Rico, Nieves. Gender-based violence: A human rights issue. Santiago, Chile: United Nations, Women and Development Unit, 1997.

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Rico, Nieves. Gender-based violence: A human rights issue. Santiago, Chile: United Nations, 1997.

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Broadening human rights through issue based advocacy. Nairobi, Kenya: Release Political Prisoners (RPP) Trust, 2008.

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Human rights: An approach to a political issue. La Habana: Editorial de J. Martí, 1997.

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Bunch, Charlotte. Gender violence: A development and human rights issue. New Brunswick, N.J: Center for Women's Global Leadership, 1996.

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Roxanna, Carillo, ed. Gender violence: A development and human rights issue. Dublin: Attic Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human rights issue"

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Xypolia, Ilia. "Corruption as a Human Rights Issue." In Human Rights, Imperialism, and Corruption in US Foreign Policy, 107–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99815-8_5.

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Reinhardt, Jörn. "Human Rights, Human Nature, and the Feasibility Issue." In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 137–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8672-0_10.

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Munoz-Baell, Irma M., Carlos Alvarez-Dardet, M. Teresa Ruiz-Cantero, and Emilio Ferreiro-Lago. "Rethinking Deaf Learners’ Education: A Human Rights Issue." In Handbook of Children with Special Health Care Needs, 107–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2335-5_6.

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Spitz, Karlheinz, John Trudinger, and Matthew Orr. "Access to land as a human rights issue." In Environmental Social Governance, 113–24. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003134008-8.

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Clapham, Andrew. "6. Balancing rights – the issue of privacy." In Human Rights, 108–18. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199205523.003.0006.

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"European Court of Human Rights." In The Cyprus Issue. I.B.Tauris, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755622252.0012.

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"Breastfeeding – A Human Rights Issue?" In Children’s Rights: Progress and Perspectives, 288–310. Brill | Nijhoff, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004215795_013.

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"The Issue of Human Rights." In The Political Psychology of Appeasement, 159–72. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315133904-17.

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"“A Universal Human Rights Issue”." In Reagan, Congress, and Human Rights, 164–214. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108862455.006.

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"Human Rights in Practice." In Healthcare as a Human Rights Issue, 395–402. transcript-Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839440544-015.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human rights issue"

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SLIME, Soulef. "TYPES OF RIGHTS FOR REFUGEES." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-5.

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International protection of refugees is one of the most important issues both at the domestic level of States and at the international level. Refugee protection is a human rights issue, but it is unique to refugee because of their status in the asylum State. As a result, many of the rights enjoyed by the latter within the framework of the so-called international protection of refugee, as enshrined in the 1951 United Nation Convention on refugees, as well as human rights charters, have been recognized.
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Arhipova, E. YU. "On the issue of limiting human and civil rights and freedoms." In General question of world science. "Science of Russia", 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-07-2020-11.

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Guo, Xinruo, Tianxiao Lu, Tengfei Wang, and Dianchen Yang. "The Issue of Human Rights of Migrant Workers in Multinational Corporations." In 2021 4th International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211220.355.

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Xia, Yelu, and Jiacheng Zhou. "Study on the Legal Issue of Workers’ Rights Protection: From the Perspective of International Human Rights Law." In 2022 7th International Conference on Social Sciences and Economic Development (ICSSED 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220405.020.

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Faraj, Anwar, and Narmeen Ahmed. "The Role of Global Civil Society in Promoting Human Rights." In REFORM AND POLITICAL CHANGE. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp295-307.

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The tolerance is one of the issues that have aroused the interest of specialists and activists in political and cultural affairs in various countries of the world. Especially those countries whose societies have suffered from: societal crises, national or religious differences, and civil wars or internal or external political conflicts. Because of the developments in the human rights movement and the activities of international organizations and their role in alleviating conflicts and building peace in many countries, the issue of tolerance has become one of the global issues that receive the attention of global institutions, including global civil society organizations, which have witnessed an expansion in their activities by developments in Information and communication technology, to contribute an effective role in the cause of tolerance in various countries of the world, and is attracting interaction at the level of the international community.
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Guimarães, Ana, and Fernanda Rebelo. "THE ISSUE OF PENALTIES AND ITS EXECUTION MODE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION." In 15th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2021.0876.

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Maria Golinellia, Gaetano, Alfonso Sianob, Paolo Piciocchi b, Agostino Vollero b, and Francesca Conte b. "The Access Rights to Communication Resources in the Smart Local Service System: First Insights." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100292.

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This paper aims at highlighting the relevant role of Service Science perspective in place governance. The study conceptualizes a new form of territorial “governmentality” capable of managing the access to place communication resources and activating decision-making collaborative logics with stakeholders. The methodology envisages the integrating of Service Science Management and Engineering+Design and Viable Systems Approach. Smart local governance has to enable a broader access to place communication resources, regulating the access rights. “Open Governance” mechanisms and access to shared place communication resources facilitate the value co-creation process with stakeholders. The conceptual paper presents the typical limitations of the deductive approach. The paper argues that stakeholders play a proactive role in the creation, innovation and utilization of place-specific communication resources through high degree of interaction, availability and accessibility to a growing body of information. The paper offers new insights on local governance issue, emphasizing the role of the governance in ensuring stakeholders’ access to communication resources. Developing improved methods to facilitate effective value co-creation process is valuable for a participatory and interactive approach in place communication management.
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Rudenko, Valentina. "Anti-Corruption Policy, the Constitution, and Human Rights in Poland." In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-23.

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The aim of the article is to investigate the relationship between the anti-corruption policy and the implementation of human rights in Poland. The following basic legal and political science research methods were used: axiological- normative, systematic, historical, comparative, institutional, structural-functional, formal-juridical methods. The article analyses the socio-political environment in which an anti-corruption policy in Poland was formed and the strategies for its implementation. Significant institutional changes of the system of anti-corruption agencies and legal regulation of anti-corruption activities of governmental authorities were addressed. The role of social supervision in the field of corruption control in Poland was analysed. Polish anti-corruption policy peculiarities were highlighted, which increase the risk of violations and the disproportionate restriction of human rights. Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the scope of competencies and credentials of the Central Anti-Corruption Bureau, and its place in the system of anti-corruption agencies. Based on the analysis of anti-corruption policy in Poland, it was concluded that human rights are one of the most important criteria for the success and effectiveness of anti-corruption policy implementation. The issue of balance between anti-corruption policy and human rights implementation in modern democratic states shall be solved via a system-based approach within the framework of constitutional principles of democratic states, namely: the rule of law, human dignity as a basic value of a democratic state, respect for human rights and the admissibility of their restriction only within the limits and forms permitted by the Constitution, the principle of separation and balance of powers, the supremacy of people.
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Palević, Milan. "POJEDINA ZNAČAJNA PITANjA RESTITUCIJE O ZLOUPOTREBI PRIVATIZACIJE I KVALITETU USLUGA." In XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.409p.

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In this paper, the author tries to emphasize the importance of international and positive legal guarantee of property rights as well as the issue of return of confiscated property or market compensation, and especially to come to conclusions that would help better respect the human right to peaceful enjoyment of property. In that sense, certain judgments of the European Court of Human Rights were analyzed. Special attention in the paper is paid to the types of restitution and the low coefficient of compensation, which violates and calls into question the fairness of the process itself. A brief critical review of the privatization process was also made. Thus, it was pointed out that the restitution procedure should have been carried out first, and then privatization. The poor quality of services as a result of abuses in privatization was also pointed out.
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Быкова, Н. В. "To the question of the development of human rights in the era of digitalization." In XXIII Международная научная конференция «Цивилизация знаний: российские реалии» «Цивилизационные задачи современного правоведения: наука, образование, практика» (стратегическая панель). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cz22.2022.47.82.001.

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В статье исследуется проблема нормативно-правового регулирования прав человека в связи с развитием процессов цифровизации общества. Автор анализирует различные подходы к определению понятия «цифровые права», исследует российское, зарубежное законодательство относительно вопроса о закреплении новой категории прав человека в национальном законодательстве. В статье подчеркивается необходимость трансформации и самой системы защиты прав человека в связи с появлением новой категории «цифровых прав». Принятие комплексного законодательства о цифровизации в Российской Федерации должно обязательно решить основную задачу государства по защите прав граждан, в том числе в сфере информационных технологий. The article examines the problem of legal regulation of new social relations that arise in connection with the development of the processes of digitalization of society. The author analyzes various approaches to the definition of the concept of "digital rights", explores russian and foreign legislation on the issue of enshrining a new category of human rights in national legislation. The article emphasizes the need to transform the system of human rights protection in connection with the emergence of a new category of "digital rights". The adoption of comprehensive legislation on digitalization in the Russian Federation must necessarily solve the main task of the state to protect the rights of citizens, including in the field of information technology.
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Reports on the topic "Human rights issue"

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Flynn, Carrick. Recommendations on Export Controls for Artificial Intelligence. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190001.

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What U.S. export controls on AI-relevant technologies would help further aims such as stability and human rights abroad without impeding U.S. R&D? This issue brief assesses where such controls will be effective, ineffective or even damaging to the interests of the United States and its allies.
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Kohlitz, Jeremy, Naomi Carrard, and Juliet Willett. Support Mechanisms to Strengthen Equality and Non-Discrimination (EQND) in Rural Sanitation (Part 2 of 2). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2020.003.

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A renewed focus on equity is being driven by the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation framework and Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, which emphasise the importance of adequate and equitable sanitation for all. However, as raised in Part 1 of this issue on equality and non-discrimination (EQND), there is evidence that CLTS processes for achieving community-wide outcomes are not always systematic, adequate, sustained, or sufficient to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups. A compilation of 50 CLTS and rural sanitation programmes around the world that significantly used support mechanisms was gathered to inform this issue. Our rapid review of the programmes found that although numerous trials existed, few had been taken to scale, few were located outside of Asia, and many did not have disaggregated monitoring and evaluation information that is publicly shared or collected at all. This issue therefore emphasises the importance of monitoring, evaluating and knowledge sharing processes in building an evidence base for facilitating equitable rural sanitation outcomes.
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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.

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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Drivers of Compliance with International Human Rights Treaties. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.130.

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Are international human rights treaties associated with better rights performance? The appetite for a conclusive answer has driven a number of large scale quantitative studies that have broadly shown little or no effect, and sometimes even a backsliding. However, the headline conclusions belie much more complicated findings, and the research methods used are controversial. These issues undermine confidence in the findings. Comparative and individual case studies allow for more detailed information about how domestic human rights activists use international human rights laws in practice. They tend to be more positive about the effect of treaties, but they are not as systematic as the quantitative work. Some indirect measures of treaty effect show that the norms contained within them filter down into domestic constitutions, and that the process of human rights reporting at the UN may be useful if dialogue can be considered an a priori good. It is likely that states are driven to comply with human rights obligations through a combination of dynamic influences. Drivers of compliance with international law is a major, unresolved question in the research that is heavily influenced by the worldview of researchers. The two strongest findings are: Domestic context drives compliance. In particular: (1) The strength of domestic non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and links with international NGOs (INGOs), and (2) in partial and transitioning democracies where locals have a reason to use the treaties as tools to press their claims. External enforcement may help drive compliance when: (1) other states link human rights obligations in the treaties to preferential trade agreements, and (2) INGOs ‘name and shame’ human rights violations, possibly reducing inward investment flows from companies worried about their reputation. Scholars also identify intermediate effects of continued dialogue and norm socialisation from the UN’s human rights reporting processes. Interviews with diplomats involved in UN reporting say that the process is more effective when NGOs and individual governments are involved.
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Synchak, Bohdan. Freedom of choice and freedom of action in the Ukrainian media. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11400.

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The article talks about the philosophical foundations that characterize the mechanism of internal inducement to action. As an academic, constitutional, and socio-ideological concept, the boundaries of freedom are outlined, which are displayed in the field of modern media space. The term «freedom» is considered as several philosophical concepts that formed the basis of the modern interpretation of this concept. The totality of its meanings is generalized into one that is adapted for the modern system. Parallels are drawn between the interaction of the concept of user freedom with the plane of domestic mass media because despite, the fact that consciousness is knowledge, the incoming information directly affects the individual and collective consciousness. Using the example of the most popular digital platforms, the components of the impact on users and the legal aspect of their implementation are analyzed. When considering the issues of freedom of choice and freedom of action on the Internet, special attention is paid to methods of collecting and processing information, in particular, the limitations and possibilities of digital programs-algorithms of the popular search engine Google. The types of personal information collected by Google about the user are classified and the possible mechanisms of influence on personal choice and access to information on the Internet are characterized. The article analyzes the constitutional guarantees of freedom and the impact of digital technologies on them. Particular attention is paid to ethics, in particular journalistic, which nominally regulates the limits of the humane, permissible, a / moral (unacceptable/acceptable) in the implementation of professional information activities in the media. Thus, the issue of freedom of choice and freedom of action in the plane of domestic mass media is subject to an objective examination of its components, they are analyzed for a proper constitutionally suitable phenomenon, which must be investigated from the point of view of compliance with human rights and freedoms and professional standards within the media.
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Saunders, Joss. COVID-19 and Key Human Rights Principles in Practice: State obligations and business’ responsibilities in responding to the pandemic. Oxfam, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6331.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is exacerbating existing human rights violations, and enabling others. However, it is also stimulating opportunities to further the human rights agenda. A robust framing is needed to hold duty bearers to account, and to help governments and communities to build back better. This paper provides an overview of the issues through the lens of 5 key human rights principles. It uses a human rights framing to assist governments, business and civil society to understand their obligations and ways they can help manage the impacts of the pandemic. This is an advance version of the paper for discussion. The paper will be revised to take account of comments and a final version will be published in the coming months.
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Marshall, Katherine. Towards Enriching Understandings and Assessments of Freedom of Religion or Belief: Politics, Debates, Methodologies, and Practices. Institute of Development Studies, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.001.

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Promoting the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) is a foreign policy priority for several countries, their concerns accentuated by considerable evidence of rising levels of violations of this right worldwide. This puts a premium on solid evidence and on clear assessment criteria to serve as objective guides for policy. This paper reviews the complex landscape of approaches to assessing and measuring both the status of FoRB and the degree to which this human right is being violated or protected. It introduces and describes various transnational methodologies, both qualitative and quantitative, which focus, in differing ways, on violations. Several are widely cited and have express policy applications, while others have more indirect application to FoRB. The analysis highlights the diversity of approaches, which both reflect and contribute to a tendency to politicise FoRB issues. Challenges include differing understandings of the nature and relative significance of violations and their comparability. Country analysis is crucial because the specific context has vital importance for a granular appreciation for causes and impact of FoRB violations. This granularity, however, is poorly reflected in broader quantitative transnational and time series indices that highlight trends and comparative impact. The review highlights the limited degree to which FoRB issues, specifically violations and religiously related discrimination, are integrated in the policies and practice of development approaches (including social change and progress towards wellbeing) internationally and nationally. Effective approaches to addressing violations are few and far between, especially at the international level. The review notes strengths and weaknesses of specific approaches to assessment and reflects on possible improvements focused on development challenges and better integration among aspects of human rights.
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Saha, Amrita, Abounabhan, Mary Abounabhan, Mary, Di Ubaldo, Mattia Di Ubaldo, Mattia, Fontana, Marzia Fontana, Marzia, and Winters, L. Alan Winters, L Alan. Inclusive Trade: Four Crucial Aspects. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.009.

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This Working Paper contributes to the conceptualisation of ‘inclusive trade’. The review adopts a deliberative approach while considering the direct and indirect distributive dimensions of trade. It draws attention to issues across four central aspects of inclusion: transparency and participation, poverty, gender, and human rights, and raises insights that can inform a way forward.
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Hart, Tim, Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson, Yul Derek Davids, Gary Pienaar, Mercy Ngungu, Yamkela Majikijela, et al. Socio-Economic Wellbeing and Human Rights-Related Experiences of People with Disabilities in Covid-19 Times in South Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.013.

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During the early months of the global pandemic the international Disability Rights Monitor group survey illustrated the circumstances of persons with disabilities around the world. Gradually literature on the situation for persons with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa started to emerge. As members of an informal network looking at issues affecting this group, some of the authors of this report realised that much of the research done was not specifically focusing on their perceptions during the pandemic and that it was not using the WG-SS questions. Having noticed a gap in the type of data being collected by other scholars and the media, this small informal network identified a need for a survey that would look at both experiences and perceptions of persons with disabilities focussing on lived experiences of socioeconomic impacts and access to human rights during the pandemic in South Africa. This report summarises some of the key findings of the study, which was conducted on-line using Google Forms from the 1 July to 31 August 2021. All percentages displayed are rounded to the nearest percent and this may affect what is displayed in charts. While we cite some literature in this report, a separate literature review was written by the team, and was used to guide the research and focus the questions.
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Wickenden, Mary. Disabled Children and Work: An Overview of a Neglected Topic with a Specific Focus on Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/acha.2021.002.

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This paper provides an overview of issues related to disabled children and work. This is a very unexplored topic and the literature is scant, so the paper first provides an overview of some key relevant background information on: disability globally and in Ghana, disability and employment, disabled children and relevant human rights approaches – the UNCRC and UNCRPD. Next examples of research on disabled children and work are presented and lastly some suggested hypotheses and possible research questions are proposed.
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