Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human rights – European Union

Academic literature on the topic 'Human rights – European Union'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Human rights – European Union"

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Tymchyshyn, T. M. "HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 1 (2020): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2020-1/72.

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Sadin Esgerzade, Roza. "Avropa Ittifaqında insan və vətəndaş hüquqlarının ümumi prinsipləri." SCIENTIFIC WORK 77, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/77/137-141.

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The EU, being a complex regional integration body, goes beyond the modern understanding of international organizations. This unique institution has unique criteria and characteristics in the field of human rights and freedoms, as in any other field. The institution of human and civil rights and freedoms in the EU is a key part of the Union's “constitutional law”. In the EU, institutional acts are primarily a source of human and civil rights and freedoms. However, not all rights and freedoms are fully reflected in the institutional acts. These documents mainly refer to “Union citizenship”. Taking all this into account, we can say that the study of the general principles of the European Union is very relevant for our time. Key words: European Union, civil rights, human rights, general principles, integration Roza Sadin Əsgərzadə Avropa Ittifaqında insan və vətəndaş hüquqlarının ümumi prinsipləri Xülasə Aİ mürəkkəb regional inteqrasiya qurumu olmaqla beynəlxalq təşkilatların müasir anlayışından kənara çıxır. Bu unikal qurumun hər bir sahədə olduğu kimi insan hüquq və azadlıqları sahəsində də özünəməxsus meyarları və xüsusiyyətləri vardır. Aİ-də insan və vətəndaş hüquq və azadlıqları institutu İttifaqın “konstitusiya hüququ”nun əsas hissəsidir. Aİ-də institusional aktlar ilk növbədə insan və vətəndaş hüquq və azadlıqlarının mənbəyidir. Lakin institusional aktlarda bütün hüquq və azadlıqlar tam əks olunmur. Bu sənədlər əsasən “İttifaq vətəndaşlığına” aiddir. Bütün bunları nəzərə alaraq deyə bilərik ki, Avropa İttifaqının ümumi prinsiplərinin öyrənilməsi müasir dövrümüz üçün çox aktualdır. Açar sözlər: Avropa İttifaqı, vətəndaş hüquqları, insan hüquqları, ümumi prinsiplər, inteqrasiya
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von Bogdandy, Armin. "The European Union as a Human Rights Organization? Human Rights and the Core of the European Union." Common Market Law Review 37, Issue 6 (December 1, 2000): 1307–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/315870.

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Cała-Wacinkiewicz, Ewelina. "EU’s Human Rights Protection Policy." Reality of Politics 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/rop201201.

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The overall objective of this paper is to outline the evolution of human rights policy in the European Union, with particular emphasis on the delimitation of time resulting from the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon signed on 13 December 2007, which revealed how strongly law is related to politics. Focusing on that issue is not accidental. This results from the fact that the European Union is an excellent example of an international organization whose priority aim at the moment of its creation was not the protection of human rights treated as an end in itself, and which in the course of its development has made the protection and promotion of human rights, “a silver thread running through all EU actions “. The specific objectives (though no less important from the point of view of the essence of human rights protection in the European Union) are: to show the systemic nature of the protection of those rights, the nature which is increasingly becoming part of the European Union, hitherto breaking somewhat the monopoly of the Council of Europe in this field; and to evaluate the European Union policy on the protection of human rights.
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Humbat Hasanli, Shabnam. "Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin Beynəlxalq Hüquqi Statusu." SCIENTIFIC WORK 76, no. 3 (March 18, 2022): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/76/133-137.

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The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) is an international tribunal established in 1959 under the auspices of the Council of Europe, an international organization. The Court is a judicial body to which individuals, communities, legal entities and other States may apply under certain procedures and rules in the event of a violation of the fundamental rights provided for in the European Convention on Human Rights and its Additional Protocols. The 47 members of the Council of Europe recognize the jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights. Although the use of the Council of Europe's flag by the European Union today is confusing, the European Court of Human Rights is a body of the Council of Europe, an almost separate international organization, and not of the European Union. However, the European Convention on Human Rights and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights are indispensable minimum standards for the European Union. All this is the topic of the article “International legal status of the European Court of Human Rights” is very relevant today. Key words: Europe, human rights, judiciary, international law system, ECHR Şəbnəm Hümbət qızı Həsənli Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin Beynəlxalq Hüquqi Statusu Xülasə Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsi (AİHM) 1959-cu ildə beynəlxalq təşkilat olan Avropa Şurasının nəzdində yaradılmış beynəlxalq məhkəmədir. Məhkəmə Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Konvensiyası və onun əlavə protokolları ilə təmin edilən əsas hüquqların pozulması halında fiziki şəxslərin, icmaların, hüquqi şəxslərin və digər dövlətlərin müəyyən prosedur və qaydalar çərçivəsində müraciət edə biləcəyi məhkəmə orqanıdır. Avropa Şurasının 47 üzvü Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin yurisdiksiyasını tanıyır. Bu gün Avropa İttifaqının Avropa Şurasına məxsus bayraqdan istifadə etməsi müxtəlif çaşqınlıqlara səbəb olsa da, Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsi Avropa İttifaqının deyil, demək olar ki, ayrıca beynəlxalq təşkilat olan Avropa Şurasının orqanıdır. Bununla belə, İnsan Hüquqları üzrə Avropa Konvensiyası və Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin məhkəmə təcrübəsi Avropa İttifaqı üçün əvəzolunmaz minimum standartları təşkil edir. Bütün bunlar “Avropa İnsan Hüquqları Məhkəməsinin beynəlxalq hüquqi statusu” adlı məqalə mövzusu müasir dövr üçün olduqca aktualdır. Açar sözlər: Avropa, insan hüquqları, məhkəmə, beynəlxalq hüquq sistemi, AİHM
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Jain, Rajendra K. "India, the European Union and Human Rights." India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs 73, no. 4 (November 8, 2017): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974928417731640.

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Growing media attention and international criticism about human rights violations in the wake of the resurgence of insurgency led India to make major policy changes in its attitude towards human rights and begin to discuss human rights with the European Union for the first time in 1990. This article critically examines Indian perceptions of the EU’s approach towards human rights since the 1990s to the present. It evaluates Indian responses to the inclusion of human rights provisions in trade agreements and criticism of the ‘one size fits all’ model of the Europeans for the promotion of human rights. It explores the sources of Indian scepticism about the international human rights regime and criticism of Western countries’ selectivity in enforcing human rights. In the ultimate analysis, the responsibility for initiating and implementing the multitude of structural, economic, social and political reforms necessary to improve human rights implementation must be taken by Indians themselves. External players can only play a supportive role and their capacities to bring about fundamental change are necessarily limited.
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Nastic, Maja. "Human rights in the European Union constitution." Medjunarodni problemi 58, no. 1-2 (2006): 104–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0602104n.

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The paper deals with the innovations the Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe brings into the field of human rights. One of them is incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights into the very Constitution. In this way, a political declaration adopted in Nice has become a legal document, achieving also constituionalisation of fundamental rights at the Union level. Secondly, there is an explicit possibility for the EU to accede the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Within that context the author considers the relationship between the Charter of Human Rights and the European Convention, as well as the relationship between the two courts: the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice.
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Ayata, Ali. "Human rights aspects of european foreign policy." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (January 12, 2016): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v2i2.406.

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The development policy of the European Union is a policy area that has developed rapidly, especially after the Cold War and the conflicts between Eastern countries. In the 1990s, the EU issued a development profile and started the human rights and democracy concepts into the Treaty of European Union officially as guiding principles in its foreign policy. Even before the importance of human rights and democracy in the founding treaties of the European Union was mentioned, strengthening the identity of the European Union could be brought at the international level from the start with respect for these criteria together, because these criteria were the grounds for the EU. The specific aim of this work is to consider the human rights dimension of EU development, cooperation and also some related policy issues and implementation problems in practice, which are considered in theoretical approaches in the study. It should be also noted that while the EU acts as an institution and also relief organization, it makes use of its own funds and budgets, not its Member States. Within this context, the activities of the Union to promote human rights could be interpreted as cultural imperialism.    Keywords: Human Rights, European Union, Foreign Policy, Cultural Imperialism.
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Williams, Andrew. "Mapping Human Rights, Reading the European Union." European Law Journal 9, no. 5 (December 2003): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-0386.2003.00197.x.

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da Costa Leite Borges, Danielle. "Making sense of human rights in the context of European Union health-care policy: individualist and communitarian views." International Journal of Law in Context 7, no. 3 (September 2011): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552311000176.

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AbstractThis article discusses the European Union health-care policy from a human rights law point of view. It departs from the analysis of international and European human rights documents in order to identify core elements and principles associated with the right to access health-care services. These elements and principles are then used to distinguish between individualist and communitarian views of health-care rights and to argue that a human rights approach to the right to access health-care services promotes a communitarian view of this right whereas European Union health-care policy has been promoting an individualist view of this right.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human rights – European Union"

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Marangou, Eleni. "Human rights in the architecture of the European Union." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419073.

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Leino-Sandberg, Päivi. "Particularity as universality : the politics of human rights in the European Union /." Helsinki : Erik Castrén Institute of International Law and Human Rights, 2005. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/oik/erikc/vk/leino-sandberg/particul.pdf.

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Galip, Bugem. "The European human rights law with emphasis on the Cyprus question : land claims and human rights, arguments before the European Court of Human Rights." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51577/.

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This thesis presents a critical analysis of the property rights in terms of Article 1 of Protocol No. 1 (P1-1) of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) to the property conflict in Cyprus. The theme that runs through the paper is whether property disputes in Cyprus have had an impact on the established case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Also addressed is the extent to which Cypriot property claims caused the Court to depart from its traditional approach concerning property rights under the ECHR and whether these cases before the Court have introduced a new aspect to the understanding and interpretation of the protection of property rights in the Convention system, specifically the application of the P1-1 to the Convention. The Court's approach, in its various precedents, in examining property rights within the remit of P1-1 will be compared with the property claims from Cyprus in order to determine the unique and significant character of the Cypriot property cases and to analyse their relationship with the right to property under P1-1 to the ECHR.
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Stoklosa, Arkadiusz. "Human rights in Turkey." Licentiate thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2281.

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This thesis is about Turkish accession to the European Union and criteria to be fulfilled in order to become a member state. At Helsinki summit there were defined four main areas, that are the main obstacles of Turkish membership in the structures of EU – military influence in domestic politics, economy disproportions, the issues of minorities living in Turkey and problems with obeying human rights and fundamental freedoms. In addition the attitude among European countries and Turkish political elites has changed dramatically since 1999. There is a great discussion, whose main purpose is, to show if Turkey should or shouldn’t become a part of united Europe. With the help of created conceptual framework, which is empirically based on qualitative methods and with theoretical approach in form of analysis considering human rights, I have developed a set of three hypotheses, that are based on primary and secondary sources like EU, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International reports considering changes of Turkish attitude to the question of human rights. In the process of testing validity or invalidity of those hypotheses, I have tried to conclude, why the implication of reforms considering human is the main obstacle of Turkish membership in the EU.


The paper may be used free, but it is forbidden to copy or use directly any parts of it without earlier contact with author.
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Noyan, Gulnur. "An Evolution Of The Human Rights Policy Of The European Union." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607949/index.pdf.

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This thesis concentrates on the development of human rights policy of the European Economic Communities(EEC) within its transformation process into a political organization. the assumption underlying this study is that the EEC was established following World War II as a regional solution that would enable the restructuring of Europe on the bases of power, stability, and peace. this thesis deals with enlargement as a security-oriented strategy, while, at the same time, it endeavors to analyze the EEC treatment of foreign policy, peace, security and respect for human rights issues as it completed its economic integration process.
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Gropas, Rubini. "Human rights and foreign policy : the case of the European Union." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272786.

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Adell, J. T. "International organisations and Norm Convergence : Human rights in the European Union." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527652.

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Williams, Andrew Trevor. "Human rights and the European Union : the irony of a bifurcated narrative." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2002. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/59430/.

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Human rights remain an ambiguous and complex subject in the European Union. Although the instances of policies involving human rights issues have attained an increasing presence over the past thirty years there has been an institutional reluctance to mould a unified human rights policy worthy of the name. However, the EU's human rights practices have not been constructed in a wholly random way. They have evolved within discrete policy realms along coherent narrative lines. Specifically they have followed a bifurcated pattern. Internally, human rights are contingent. They are often referred to as "fundamental rights" signifying an underlying conception that owns a restricted definition based on a distinct European heritage. Scrutiny is erratic even casual. Enforcement is left to the Courts and other agencies. Externally, the story is different. Human rights are broad in concept. Collective notions of rights are adopted. Scrutiny can be intrusive and effective. Systems of enforcement, increasingly severe in scope and strength, have been applied. Despite the extent of this internal/external bifurcation, little academic or institutional attention has been paid to the subject. This thesis attempts to rectify the omission. In analysing the history of the EU's human rights stories, it details the extent of the bifurcation phenomenon and reveals the genesis of its central discriminatory practice. It claims that by failing to address human rights in its early period other than in mythical terms the EU's discourse provided an environment whereby rights became implicated in the representation of European identity as superior and non- Europe as morally and ethically deficient. EU human rights practice developed with this key understanding imbedded in its narrative structure. A sense of irony, provoked by double-standards and discrimination, thus accompanies the EU's rights discourse rendering the EU's role in rights action suspect and the prospects for one unified policy remote.
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Ozsahin, Mustafa Cuneyt Morrison Minion K. C. "The impact of European Union membership conditionality of human rights in Turkey." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6733.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 23, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Minion KC Morrison. Includes bibliographical references.
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FELD, Leonard. "From soft law to hard law : the concept and regulation of human rights due diligence in the EU legal context." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/74341.

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Defence date: 14 March 2022
Examining Board: Professor Stefan Grundmann (Humboldt University Berlin); Professor Mathias Siems (European University Institute); Professor Karin Buhmann (Copenhagen Business School); Professor Robert McCorquodale (University of Nottingham)
This dissertation examines the concept of human rights due diligence (HRDD) under international soft law and its transposition into business regulation, with a particular focus on the European Union context. It traces the evolution of HRDD – starting from the work of the United Nations to the recent contributions of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. The inquiry finds that HRDD is a concept of remarkable depth, whose features make it suitable to address human rights abuse in the globalised economy. Yet, there are also a number of practical and conceptual concerns. For instance, it is argued that the concept of HRDD features a high level of abstraction, which leads to ambiguities at the stage of implementation. In view of these findings, the transposition of HRDD into business law provides an opportunity, not only to build on the strengths of the concept, but also to counter some of its weaknesses. In addition, the thesis addresses two questions of international law concerning, first, the legality of HRDD legislation in view of its extraterritorial implications and, second, the relationship between relevant legal acts and the duties of states under international human rights law. It is held that regulators enjoy considerable leeway under international law to facilitate or require HRDD even beyond their own borders. Yet, states are presently under no international obligation to regulate HRDD processes – even though new developments are in sight. Finally, drawing on the findings of this research, the dissertation reviews Directive 2014/95/EU and Regulation (EU) 2017/821 as two precedents of HRDD legislation in the European Union. The two legal acts pursue very different strategies to promote HRDD processes with, it is argued, a varying degree of success. Through these assessments, the thesis provides a set of recommendations that may inform the transposition of the concept into business law.
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Books on the topic "Human rights – European Union"

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1959-, Neuwahl Nanette, and Rosas Allan, eds. The European Union and human rights. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995.

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Netherlands. Adviescommissie Mensenrechten Buitenlands Beleid., ed. The European Union and human rights. The Hague: The Committee, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1996.

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Human rights and minority rights in the European Union. New York: Routledge, 2010.

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Jovanović, Miodrag. Democracy and human rights in the European Union. Belgrade: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Law, Serbia, 2009.

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Union, Council of the European. Charter of fundamental rights of the European Union. Paris: Éditions BIOTOP, 2003.

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1967-, Peers Steven, and Ward Angela 1944-, eds. The European Union Charter of fundamental rights. Oxford: Hart, 2004.

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The EU as a "global player" in human rights? New York: Routledge, 2011.

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European Union human rights law: The dynamics of interpretation and context. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2014.

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Philip, Alston, Bustelo Mara R, Heenan James, Academy of European Law, and European University Institute, eds. The EU and human rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Commission of the European Communities. The European Union and human rights in the world. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human rights – European Union"

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Aydın-Düzgit, Senem, and Nathalie Tocci. "Democracy and Human Rights." In Turkey and the European Union, 155–79. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-38732-5_9.

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Zemanek, Jiri. "The Czech Human Rights Doctrine as Challenged by the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights." In The European Union, 295–300. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-423-3_23.

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Plumb, Lord. "The Lomé Convention, Human Rights and Europe." In European Union Development Policy, 8–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26858-0_3.

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Saltnes, Johanne Døhlie. "The EU's human rights clause." In The European Union and Global Development, 105–26. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003036531-5.

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Fries, Sybilla. "Conflict Prevention and Human Rights." In The European Union and Conflict Prevention, 237–52. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-539-1_11.

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Toggenburg, Gabriel N. "The European Union Fundamental Rights Agency." In International Human Rights Institutions, Tribunals, and Courts, 443–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5206-4_23.

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Keyman, E. Fuat, and Senem Aydιn Düzgit. "Europeanization, Democratization and Human Rights in Turkey." In Turkey and the European Union, 69–89. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230223035_5.

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Ward, Ian. "Human Rights in the New European Union." In The Margins of European Law, 142–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376144_8.

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Saura-Freixes, Núria. "Human rights defenders and the European Union." In Human Rights Defenders and the Law, 199–220. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429264016-9.

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Mangala, Jack. "Africa-EU Partnership on Democratic Governance and Human Rights." In Africa and the European Union, 69–92. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137269478_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human rights – European Union"

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Urbane, Marta. "The Future of the Employee’s Right to Disconnect in the European Union and Latvia." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002285.

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The right to disconnect refers to a worker's right to be able to disconnect from work and refrain from engaging in work-related electronic communication, like emails and other messages, during non-work hours and holidays. The Latvian Labor Law does not directly determine the right to disconnect from digital devices, however, such rights arise from certain legal norms. Examples of the provisions of the Labor Law relate to the general rules on rest periods and breaks in work. The recent research results of remote work during Covid-19 pandemic conducted by the author show that for 69.3% of respondents working remotely possibility to disconnect from digital devices outside working hours (when the assigned work tasks have been completed) is extremely crucial. If the rights to disconnect are not explicitly regulated, the risk of disbalance between work and private life is at stake. The increase in workload during the emergency caused by COVID-19 was indicated by 42.7% of respondents in Latvia. That shows that another problem of lack of regulation of rights to disconnect could be unpaid overtime. The research shows that 14.7% of respondents were not paid for overtime work when working from home. The practice shows a critical need for sustainable and predictable changes in the legal system to protect employees’ rights and thus ensure stable employment in general in Latvia. It was also recently decided by Employment Committee MEPs that EU countries must ensure that workers are able to exercise the right to disconnect effectively. Some of the member states in the European Union have recently implemented the right into their legal system (Portugal, Spain, France), but each member state takes a different approach. That means that discussion is no longer if there is a need to implement the “right to disconnect” in national legal acts, but how to implement the right efficiently not only at a national level but at the EU level as well.The goal of the research is to provide an in-depth analysis of the legal status of the “right to disconnect” in the legal system of the European Union and Latvia. In order to reach the goal, the author is using various scientific research methods. The paper is based on a quantitative research method and analytical, comparative, case law analysis method to provide valid conclusions on the current role of the “right to disconnect” in Latvia and the European Union. The author also offers recommendations on how to implement the “right to disconnect” efficiently to avoid violation of employees’ rights and ensure a sustainable work environment.In the result, the author has concluded that the biggest impediment of the employee's right to disconnect is the lack of clear legislative preconditions that would encourage businesses to preserve employees' freedom to disconnect, resulting in a more sustainable working environment - both in the office and remotely.Finally, the author concludes that there is a need to adjust regulation in Latvia to meet the needs of widespread use of remote work. The author also concludes that a significant role to protect employees’ right to disconnect is for governmental authorities to explain the right to disconnect to employees and employers.
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Kučs, Artūrs. "Satversmes atvērtība starptautiskajām cilvēktiesībām." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/juzk.80.01.

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This article explores the topic on interaction between fundamental rights protected in the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia (Satversme), international human rights and European Union law. The author reflects the evolution of the principle of openness in Satversme toward international human rights by analysing influence of international human rights law upon Latvia’s fundamental rights protection system through the course of history – in the interwar period, after the restoration of the independence and in adoption of fundamental rights chapter of Satversme. Further on, the author analyses the application of international human rights law and European Union law in the Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence and identifies controversial issues.
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Manuela Magalhães Silva, Maria, Maria João Ferreira, and Dora Resende Alves. "Artificial intelligence regulation in context of the European Commission’s priorities." In Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET-AI 2022) Artificial Intelligence and Future Applications. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100897.

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Based on the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) and its understanding of European Union law, documentary and institutional reference points are presented to raise some thoughts on the subject as a regulatory focus and its relations with the values of the Union and fundamental rights. In recent years, Organizations have undergone a massive r(evolution) at the social, economic, and technological levels due to Digital Transformation. The reflection/question to be asked is whether the use of AI is correct. It requires a deeper understanding of law in an algorithmic world to provide individuals with effective rights against unfair and socially detrimental AI applications and simultaneously inform organizations with the point of view of justice using AI. The need for regulation of AI arises in European Union law at least since 2018. Developments occurred until the proposed regulation of 2021, an assumed priority by the European Commission in its 2019-2024 composition. As a result of doctrinal framework and resort to European Union documentation through a methodology of document analysis, we seek to frame this matter in the Commission's priorities, either in legislative acts or in soft law documents.
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Ballı, Esra, and Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. "Economic Effects of European Neighborhood Policy on Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00777.

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After the fifth enlargement of European Union in 2004 and with the expansion of European Unions borders and new neighbors, it became one of the important policies to provide security, stability and prosperity, and develop relationship between neighborhood countries. Although, enlargement process provide some opportunities to the member states of European Union, it brings about some difficulties. The differences at the life standards, environment, public health, prevention and combating organized crime between European Union and neighbor countries caused to create new policies. European Neighborhood Policy was launched in 2004, and consists of 16 countries, namely: Israel, Jordan, Moldova, Morocco, The Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Lebanon, Algeria, Syria, Libya and Belarus. European Union and the partner country sign the Partnership and Cooperation Agreements or Association Agreements, and then the Agreement Action Plans are mutually adapted. Action Plans include privileged relationship, mutual commitment to common values, democracy and human rights, legal and market economy principles, good governance, sustainable development, energy and transportation policies. Within the framework of European Neighborhood Policy, the main aim is to arrange the relationship between the neighbors of European Union. In this study, economic effects of the European Neighborhood Policy will be examined for the relevant countries.
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Josifovikj, Ivica, and Igor Kambovski. "THE CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND THE ACCESSION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION TO THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS – PROCEDURE, NEGOTIATIONS AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT." In "Social Changes in the Global World". Универзитет „Гоце Делчев“ - Штип, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/scgw211153j.

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Guštin, Matko. "CHALLENGES OF PROTECTING CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22439.

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The imperative of every state is to protect the children’s rights as the most vulnerable social group. The protection of children’s rights has been particularly intensified with the adoption of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), which promotes four basic principles – non-discrimination, the right to life, participation in decision-making and active participation in resolving issues that affect their lives, as well as the best interests of the child. The consequences of the (still actual) COVID-19 pandemic are visible in many areas, including the protection of children’s rights. Namely, children had to get used to the “new normal” in an extremely short period of time, which in certain segments had an adverse effect on their development and social integration. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are also visible in the digital environment, which brings with it a number of positive and negative aspects in relation to children and their rights. Although the virtual environment has made it possible to fulfil one of the universal rights of children – the right to education, it has intensified a special form of violence – virtual, cyber violence that threatens the safety of children in the “new normal”. It is important to emphasize that the Council of Europe has adopted Recommendation CM/Rec (2018)7 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on Guidelines for Respect, Protection and Exercise of the Rights of the Child in the Digital Environment. Given that the digital environment shapes children’s lives in different ways, creating opportunities, but also certain risks to protect their well-being, this document recommends that member states review their legislation, policies and practices to promote the full range of children’s rights in the digital environment and providing effective responses to all the impacts of the digital environment on the well-being of children and the enjoyment of their human rights. European Union policies in the field of protection of children’s rights are also very important. Through its policies, the European Union seeks to enable every child to realize his or her full rights. The European Union’s Strategy on the rights of the child sets children apart from the leaders of tomorrow and the citizens of today. For the issues of this paper, a particularly important part of the Strategy are the guidelines for creating policies aimed at protecting the rights of children in the digital society. In addition to the above, there are a number of other documents of the Council of Europe and the European Union for the protection and promotion of children’s rights, which are analyzed in the context of digitalization. Special emphasis is placed on contemporary issues of development and protection of children’s rights to privacy in the digital environment, the right to access the Internet and digital literacy, but also cyber violence as a form of endangering the child’s safety, and the discussion on which issues was further stimulated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Mitrania, Reygina, Manotar Tampubolon, and Edward Panjaitan. "The Dispute between Indonesia and the European Union Concerning the Export Ban on Nickel Ore under the International Trade Law." In Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-4-2021.2312876.

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Tucak, Ivana, and Anita Blagojević. "COVID- 19 PANDEMIC AND THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ABORTION." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18355.

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The COVID - 19 pandemic that swept the world in 2020 and the reactions of state authorities to it are unparalleled events in modern history. In order to protect public health, states have limited a number of fundamental human rights that individuals have in accordance with national constitutions and international conventions. The focus of this paper is the right of access to abortion in the Member States of the European Union. In Europe, the situation with regard to the recognition of women's right to abortion is quite clear. All member states of the European Union, with the exception of Poland and Malta, recognize the rather liberal right of a woman to have an abortion in a certain period of time after conception. However, Malta and Poland, as members of the European Union, since abortion is seen as a service, must not hinder the travel of women abroad to have an abortion, nor restrict information on the provision of abortion services in other countries. In 2020, a pandemic highlighted all the weaknesses of this regime by preventing women from traveling to more liberal countries to perform abortions, thus calling into question their right to choose and protect their sexual and reproductive rights. This is not only the case in Poland and Malta, but also in countries that recognize the right to abortion but make it conditional on certain non-medical conditions, such as compulsory counselling; and the mandatory time period between applying for and performing an abortion; in situations present in certain countries where the problem of a woman exercising the right to abortion is a large number of doctors who do not provide this service based on their right to conscience. The paper is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part of the paper is to consider all the legal difficulties that women face in accessing abortion during the COVID -19 pandemic, restrictions that affect the protection of their dignity, right to life, privacy and right to equality. In the second part of the paper particular attention will be paid to the illiberal tendencies present in this period in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, especially Poland. In the third part of the paper, emphasis will be put on the situation in Malta where there is a complete ban on abortion even in the case when the life of a pregnant woman is in danger.
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Kamber, Krešimir, and Lana Kovačić Markić. "ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18363.

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On 11 March 2020 the World Health Organization announced the Covid-19 (coronavirus) to be a pandemic. To combat the pandemic, many countries had to adopt emergency measures and some of these measures have affected the judicial system, especially the functioning of courts. The pandemic has been characterised as far as the judiciary is concerned by complete or partial closure of court buildings for the parties and for the public. It is clear that the functioning of national judicial systems has been severely disrupted. This limited functioning of courts impacted the individuals’ right to a fair trial guaranteed, in particular, under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The aim of this article is to examine the manner of the administration of justice during the Covid pandemic and its impact on the due process guarantees. Focus is put on the extent to which different Covid measures, in particular remote access to justice and online hearings have impacted the guarantees of the right to a fair trial and the due process guarantees in general, notably in detention cases. In this connection, the article provides a comparative overview of the functioning of the European legal systems during the pandemic. It also looks into the way in which the two European courts – the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union functioned, as well as the way in which the Croatian courts, including the Constitutional Court, organised their work during the pandemic. The article then provides an insight into the issue of online/remote hearings in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights and in the Croatian Constitutional Court’s case-law. On the basis of this assessment, the article identifies the differences in the use of remote/online hearings between and within jurisdictions. In conclusion, the article points to some critical considerations that should be taken into account when devising the manner in which any Covid pandemic experience with the administration of justice (notably with regard to remote/online hearings) can be taken forward.
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Čepo, Marina. "DETENTION OF ASYLUM SEEKERS THROUGH THE PRACTICE OF THE COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY AND THE PERSPECTIVES OF THE NEW PACT ON MIGRATION AND ASYLUM." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18301.

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Restrictions on freedom of movement, in particular the detention of asylum seekers as the most severe form of such restrictions, constitute an interference with fundamental human rights and must be approached with particular care. In view of the migration and refugee crisis, the Republic of Hungary has begun to amend its asylum legislation, thus tightening the conditions for the detention of asylum seekers. The introduction of the provision establishing that asylum may be sought only in transit zones has also led to the gradual detention of asylum seekers in transit zones, which Hungary did not consider as detention. This issue was brought before the Court of Justice of the European Union (hereinafter: CJEU), which drastically changed the path taken by the Hungarian government when it comes to detaining asylum seekers. What the CJEU has found is that leaving people in transit zones without the right to free movement is to be considered detention, even though they are not specialized detention facilities. The CJEU ordered that such a practice must cease immediately. Therefore, this paper will examine the Hungarian practice following the judgment of the CJEU. The CJEU has taken a major step towards protecting the rights of asylum seekers as regards detention, and the EU recently adopted amendments as part of the new Pact on Migration and Asylum aimed at improving the existing asylum system. The second part of the paper analyzes the provisions of the new Pact on Migration and Asylum related to detention in order to determine whether the proposed amendments contribute to the Common European Asylum System and the protection of the human rights of asylum seekers or represent a step backwards.
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Reports on the topic "Human rights – European Union"

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Johanna, Jacobi, Kiteme Boniface, and Ottiger Fabian. Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs) in Agro-industrial and Smallholder Farming Systems in Kenya. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2020.3.en.

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Farms in the global South show heavy use of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. Some of these substances are banned in Switzerland and the European Union but are often produced and exported from there. Our messages draw on research findings from Kenya. They make the link to international conventions, highlight alternatives to pesticide-intensive agricultural practices, and call for phasing out “highly hazardous” substances in line with human rights and the precautionary principle.
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Fahey, Éamonn, Doireann O'Brien, Helen Russell, and Fran McGinnity. European survey data on attitudes to equality groups and human rights. ESRI, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat83.

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Graef, Katherine. The European Court of Human Rights: Implications for United States National Security. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613370.

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Arora, Ayaan. Reproduction of 'Sovereignty, Substance, and Public Support for European Courts’ Human Rights Rulings'. Social Science Reproduction Platform, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.48152/ssrp-2ate-8v60.

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Didier, Kurt A. The European Union in the Horn of Africa: Operationalizing the Human Security Strategy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada540054.

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Jackson, Darla W. The European Convention on Human Rights: A Threat to United States-European Security Relations and the United States Military Justice System? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420659.

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Bolton, Laura. Donor Support for the Human Rights of LGBT+. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.100.

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This rapid review synthesises evidence on the bilateral and multilateral donors promoting and protecting the human rights of LGBT+ people on a global scale. It focusses on those donors that have policies, implementation plans and programmes on LGBT+ rights. This review also examines the evidence on the impact of their work. The bilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, +) communities in 2017-18 are the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), UK Department for International Development (DFID), The Netherlands Development Cooperation, Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad), and the European Commission (EC). Whilst the multilateral donors providing the most support for LGBT+ are the UN and World Bank. The United Nations (UN) is doing a huge amount of work on LGBT+ rights across the organisation which there was not scope to fully explore in this report. The UN Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights (UNOCHR) in particular is doing a lot on this theme. They publish legal obligation information, call attention to rights abuses through general assembly resolutions. The dialogue with governments, monitor violations and support human rights treaties bodies. The work of the World Bank in this area focuses on inclusion rather than rights. A small number of projects were identified which receive funding from bilateral and multilateral donors. These were AMSHeR, International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA), and Stonewall. This rapid review focused on identifying donor support for LGBT+ rights, therefore, searches were limited to general databases and donor websites, utilising non-academic and donor literature. Much of the information comes directly from websites and these are footnoted throughout the report. Little was identified in the way of impact evaluation within the scope of this report. The majority of projects found through searches were non-governmental and so not the focus of this report.
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Krasinsky, Vladislav. ON THE LEGAL POSITIONS OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON RESTRICTIONS ON VOTING RIGHTS BECAUSE OF CRIMIAL RECORD. LJournal, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/a-2018-028.

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van der Sloot, Bart. The Quality of Life: Protecting Non-personal Interests and Non-personal Data in the Age of Big Data. Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.64579.

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Under the current legal paradigm, the rights to privacy and data protection provide natural persons with subjective rights to protect their private interests, such as related to human dignity, individual autonomy and personal freedom. In principle, when data processing is based on non-personal or aggregated data or when such data pro- cesses have an impact on societal, rather than individual interests, citizens cannot rely on these rights. Although this legal paradigm has worked well for decades, it is increasingly put under pressure because Big Data processes are typically based indis- criminate rather than targeted data collection, because the high volumes of data are processed on an aggregated rather than a personal level and because the policies and decisions based on the statistical correlations found through algorithmic analytics are mostly addressed at large groups or society as a whole rather than specific individuals. This means that large parts of the data-driven environment are currently left unregu- lated and that individuals are often unable to rely on their fundamental rights when addressing the more systemic effects of Big Data processes. This article will discuss how this tension might be relieved by turning to the notion ‘quality of life’, which has the potential of becoming the new standard for the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) when dealing with privacy related cases.
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Martin, Matthew. The Crisis of Extreme Inequality in SADC: Fighting austerity and the pandemic. Oxfam, Development Finance International, Norwegian Church Aid, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8793.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the extreme inequality in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, and pushed millions into poverty. The economic crisis continues due to the obscene global vaccine inequality. As of end March 2022, a dismal 14% of SADC citizens had been fully vaccinated against COVID-19, compared with 65.5% in the United States and 73% in the European Union. In 2021, with infections rising in SADC, the critical health, social protection and economic programmes put in place by most governments in 2020 were rolled back and replaced with austerity, in the context of growing debt burdens and lack of external support for country budgets. Such austerity has been built into IMF programmes in the region. Recovering from the pandemic, however, offers SADC governments a once-in-a-generation opportunity to do what their citizens want: increase taxes on the wealthy and large corporations, boost public spending (especially on healthcare, education and social protection), and increase workers’ rights as well as tackling joblessness and precarious work. With external support, including through debt relief and aid, they could reduce inequality drastically and eliminate extreme poverty by 2030.
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