Dissertations / Theses: 'Human rights dialgue'

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Chambers, Angela, and not supplied. "Human rights - education and implementation in a commercial organisation." RMIT University. Management, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070207.163032.

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This case study explored the process of incorporating human rights into the operation of an international commercial organisation. Constructing a dialogue to bridge the gap between human rights discourse and commercial realities, this case study identified the unique roles required to develop dialogue and created a model as a diagnostic and educational tool. The roles specific to human rights consulting, of interpreter, Champoin and Enabler afforded effective penetration into the participating industry partner's operational levels. These roles emerged from the process of constructing a human rights discourse and tensions therein where the existing theory of organisational change and consulting was found to be inadequate for human rights intervention. Based on the data of industry partner's existing practices and human rights concerns and on the process of collecting and analysing this data, the model for education and implementation was constructed. It is a flexible tool for examining human rights practices from bottom up as well as top down of an organisation. This research showed that having a comprehensive picture of the complexities involved sas an effective method of exploration and making sense of human rights education and implementation in a multinational industrial setting. The construction of the roles and of the model relied on the central premise of willingness of a multinational corporation to examine its practices and take an autonomous position of corporate citizenship and responsibility. This was consistent with the participatory research design of the study. Theretically this research challenges the appropriateness of traditional organisational change concepts when dealing with human rights; provides a diagnostic and educational tool for human rights consulting; and points to further research in this area.

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Ettinger, Judy L. "Bridging theory and practice, the democratization of human rights dialogue." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23691.pdf.

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Du, Preez Petro. "Dialogue as facilitation strategy : infusing the classroom with a culture of human rights." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19516.

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Thesis(PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation the proposals made by the Department of Education towards the infusion of a culture of human rights and using dialogue as a facilitation strategy are problematised. It is argued that the lack of professional development programmes to assist educators in dealing with these proposals is one of the reasons why the infusion of a culture of human rights and dialogue as a facilitation strategy have not transpired as desired. Another apparent reason for the non-realisation of these ideals is that the classroom is not generally seen as an ethical community that has the propensity to anthropomorphise the ideal of infusing a culture of human rights through dialogue. The main focus of this enquiry was therefore to propose a normative theory of dialogue as a facilitation strategy as constitutive to the infusion of a culture of human rights in the context of an ethical community, aiming towards applying this theory in the form of an intervention research programme for selected in-service educators in the Mafikeng/Mmabatho area. The application assisted in determining the viability of the programme, specifically in terms of its theoretical underpinning, and the possibility of further developing it for the purpose of professional development of in-service educators beyond the scope of this target group. The theoretical underpinning of the intervention research programme consisted of a normative theory of dialogue as facilitation strategy characterised by: providing a dialogic stimulus, allowing for moments of deconstruction, critique and reconstruction, and finishing with debriefing and reflection. With regard to the human rights components, the focus was more on the infusion of a culture of human rights on a moral level than on an epistemological level. The intervention research process revealed how diverse groups of educator-participants responded to the intervention research programme. In addition, the research process demonstrated how and why the intervention research process could serve as a possible methodological framework for the design and development of professional development that is inclusive to a variety of education stakeholders. From this study it seems that the participating educators approved of and assimilated the intervention research programme and its underlying theory, albeit in different stages of the research process and with different concerns in mind. The work presented in this dissertation contributes firstly to a refined understanding of dialogue as a facilitation strategy in the South African context and secondly to an understanding of the frequently used notion of infusing the classroom with a culture of human rights in terms of its moral significance. Finally, it also focuses on and addresses the challenge of educator development and the organisation of facilitation strategies that are required to prevent human rights from being assimilated in inept educational paradigms.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie proefskrif poog om die voorstelle van die Departement van Onderwys rakende die infusie van ŉ kultuur van menseregte in die klaskamer en die gebruik van dialoog as fasiliteringstrategie te bevraagteken. Daar is geargumenteer dat die tekort aan professionele ontwikkelingsprogramme ter ondersteuning van onderwysers om hierdie voorstelle te implementeer een van die redes is waarom die infusie van ŉ kultuur van menseregte in die klaskamer en die gebruik van dialoog as fasiliteringstrategie nie tot sy reg kom nie. Die feit dat die klaskamer meestal nie gesien word as ŉ etiese gemeenskap wat oor die potensiaal beskik om die ideaal van die infusie van ŉ kultuur van menseregte in die klaskamer en die gebruik van dialoog as fasiliteringstrategie te verwesenlik nie, is nog ’n rede waarom hierdie voorstelle oënskynlik geen effek het nie. Die hooffokus van hierdie ondersoek was dus om ŉ normatiewe teorie ter ondersteuning van dialoog as fasiliteringstrategie wat bevorderlik is vir die infusie van ŉ kultuur van menseregte in die konteks van ’n etiese gemeenskap te ontwikkel. Hierdie teorie is toegepas in die konteks van ’n intervensie-navorsingsprogram vir geselekteerde indiens-onderwysers in die Mafikeng/ Mmabatho-omgewing. Die toepassing het gehelp om vas te stel wat die praktiese waarde van die program is, veral ten opsigte van die program se teoretiese onderbou. Die moontlikheid om die program verder te ontwikkel as ’n professionele ontwikkelingsprogram vir indiens-onderwysers buite die bereik van die studie, is sodoende ook ondersoek. Die teoretiese onderbou van die intervensie-navorsingsprogram het bestaan uit ŉ normatiewe teorie van dialoog as fasiliteringstrategie wat gekenmerk word deur ’n dialogiese stimulus, wat ruimte laat vir oomblikke soos dekonstruksie, kritiek en rekonstruksie, asook vir ontlonting en refleksie. Met betrekking tot die menseregtekomponent, was die fokus meer op die morele infusie van ŉ menseregtekultuur as op die epistemologiese infusie daarvan. Die intervensie-navorsingsproses het openbaar hoe diverse onderwyser-deelnemers op die intervensie-navorsingsprogram reageer. Die navorsingsproses het ook gewys hoe en waarom intervensie-navorsingsprosesse kan dien as ŉ moontlike metodologiese raamwerk vir die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van professionele ontwikkelingsprogramme wat ŉ verskeidenheid van onderwysbelanghebbendes in ag neem. Van die resultate kon daar afgelei word dat die deelnemende onderwysers die intervensie-navorsingsprogram en onderliggende teorie goedgekeur en geassimileer het. Dit was egter duidelik dat elke groep deelnemers die program verskillend geassimileer het en dat hul verskillende probleemareas ervaar het. Die werk wat in hierdie proefskrif weergegee word het eerstens ŉ bydrae gemaak tot die begrip van dialoog as fasiliteringstrategie in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks, en tweedens tot die verstaan van die idee rakende die infusie van ’n menseregtekultuur in die klaskamer waarna telkens verwys word. Laastens het dit ook gefokus op die uitdaging van onderwyserontwikkeling en die organisering van fasiliteringstrategieë wat benodig word om te verhoed dat menseregte geassimileer word in paradigmas wat onvanpas is vir die onderwys.

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Özbank, R. Murat (Ridvan Murat) Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "Understanding a misunderstanding democracy and dialogue in the west vs. non-west controversy over the universality of human rights." Ottawa, 2000.

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Franczak, Michael Edward. "Free Markets, Human Rights, and Global Power: American Foreign Policy and the North-South Dialogue, 1971-1982." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107963.

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Thesis advisor: James E. Cronin
Thesis advisor: Seth Jacobs
Under the banner of a New International Economic Order (NIEO), in the 1970s a coalition of developing countries forced the U.S. and other rich nations to revisit the terms of the post-World War II economic settlement through comprehensive global negotiations. This dissertation argues that this economic showdown reshaped U.S. foreign policy and made global inequality a major threat to American national security. Using newly available sources from presidential libraries, the personal papers of cabinet members and ambassadors, and interviews with former National Security Council officials, it demonstrates how the NIEO and accompanying “North-South dialogue” negotiations became an inflection point for some of the greatest economic, political, and moral crises of the 1970s, including the end of “Golden Age” liberalism and the return of the market, the splintering of the Democratic Party and the building of the Reagan coalition, and the role of human rights in foreign policy. U.S. policy debates and decisions in the North-South dialogue, it concludes, were pivotal moments in the histories of three ideological trends—neoliberalism, neoconservatism, and human rights—that would form the core of America’s post-Cold War foreign policy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History

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Philip, Jiji [Verfasser]. "The Human Rights Discourse between Liberty and Welfare : A Dialogue with Jacques Maritain and Amartya Sen / Jiji Philip." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1160314438/34.

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Davies, Gregory. "The legitimising role of judicial dialogue between the United Kingdom courts and the European Court of Human Rights." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/107657/.

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Since the enactment of the Human Rights Act 1998, discussions have developed concerning a judicial ‘dialogue’ taking place between the UK courts and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) over the interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) and its application to UK law. This thesis contributes to these debates by offering a judicially-informed account of the dialogue between these courts based on in-depth interviews conducted with eight Justices of the UK Supreme Court and four judges of the European Court of Human Rights. It combines these insights with analysis of case law, extra-judicial commentary and contributions from political and legal theory to explore the role of judicial dialogue in legitimising the judgments of these courts. In this way, the thesis offers a unique methodological approach to a highly topical area of constitutional discourse in the UK. The thesis argues that dialogue has arisen in response to legitimacy challenges facing these courts based on concerns over the extent of the ECtHR’s influence in the UK. Both at the level of judgments and through informal meetings, dialogue responds to these challenges through the participation of the national courts in the jurisprudential development of ECHR rights, the accountability of the ECtHR to domestic judicial concerns, and the ongoing revision and refinement of the Convention rights at the supranational level to accommodate for legal and constitutional diversity. To this extent, dialogue is part of a wider effort to legitimise the Convention system and the courts charged with upholding it by strengthening the role and identity of the domestic courts in human rights adjudication, as reflected in the reemphasis on subsidiarity and the common law ‘resurgence’. However, the thesis also observes that a significant part of the dialogue resides in an increased willingness by the UK courts to refuse to apply parts of the ECtHR’s case law, and a tendency by the ECtHR to accommodate that refusal. On this basis, it argues that the process also carries the risk of delegitimising the ECHR system by promoting a disposition to disobey on the part of national authorities across the Council of Europe.

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Baratto, Marcia 1982. "Direitos humanos e dialogo intercultural : possibilidades e limites." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281641.

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Orientador: Andrei Koerner
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: O diálogo intercultural é a designação utilizada para nomear propostas teóricas normativas de direitos humanos que na década de 1990 buscavam fundamentar uma nova universalidade para estes. Para esta abordagem teórica o embate entre universalismo e relativismo cultural deve ser superado. Este trabalho caracteriza e analisa quatro propostas de diálogo intercultural indicando suas possibilidades e limites teóricos do pondo de vista interno destas abordagens. A primeira proposta analisada é a de Abullahi A. An-naim, que busca fortalecer o diálogo entre culturas visando construir uma fundamentação islâmica para os direitos humanos. A segunda é a defendida por Boaventura de Sousa Santos. O autor indica condições para um diálogo intercultural que fundamenta uma perspectiva contra-hegemônica destes. A terceira é a de Charles Taylor, que objetiva indicar às contribuições que a diferença traz para os fundamentos e as normas positivas dos direitos humanos. E, por fim, a proposta de Christopher Eberhard, preocupado com a construção de uma comunidade internacional dos direitos humanos, capaz de manter a diversidade cultural com respeito aos direitos humanos.
Abstract: The Cross-cultural dialogue is the concept used to name many proposed normative in theory of human rights in the 1990s sought to justify a new universal human rights. For this approach the clash between universalism and cultural relativism must be overcome. The purpose of this study is to characterize and examine four proposals for intercultural dialogue as its possibilities and theoretical limits. The first proposal is considered the proposed Abdullahi A. An-na'im, which seeks to strengthen the dialogue between cultures, to build an Islamic basis for human rights. The second proposal is supported by Boaventura de Sousa Santos. The author indicates that conditions for a cross-cultural dialogue moved a counter-hegemonic perspective of human rights. The third proposal is that of Charles Taylor, which aims to indicate the contributions that difference brings to the positive fundamentals and standards of human rights. Finally, the proposed of Christoph Eberhard, concerned with the construction of a human rights community, capable of maintaining cultural diversity on the planet, with respect to human rights.
Mestrado
Estados, Processos Politicos e Organização de Interesses
Mestre em Ciência Política

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Ndambo, Dennis Mutua. "The Use of International Human Rights Law by Superior National Courts : A Comparative Study of Kenya and South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77169.

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The practice of domestic courts continues to present challenges for understanding the relationship between international law and municipal law. Whereas constitutions increasingly contain more or less similar provisions on international law, the subsequent use of international law by domestic courts varies from traditional doctrinal approaches. This divergence by domestic courts is attributable to the fact that domestic and international courts/tribunals are engaged in exchanging ideas and formulating similar decisions on diverse substantive law issues out of a sense of common judicial identity and enterprise. Due to the multitude of actors and the complexity of the relationships involved, the traditional monism-dualism doctrines do not accurately reflect current practice. Rather, this process is better termed as transnational judicial dialogue. Through transnational judicial dialogue, domestic courts collectively engage in the co-constitutive process of creating and shaping international legal norms and, in turn, ensuring that those norms shape and inform domestic norms. This study analyzes decisions of the superior courts of Kenya and South Africa in order understand the manner in which the courts receive, interpret and re-formulate international legal norms. It is clear that the domestic courts are not mere conduits for the reception of international legal norms into the domestic legal order but that they act as mediators between the international and domestic legal norms. This study also attempts to demonstrate that transnational judicial dialogue may provide normative guidance for the relationship between international law and national law in the domestic legal order.
Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Centre for Human Rights
LLD
Unrestricted

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Ozbank, R. Murat. "Understanding a misunderstanding, democracy and dialogue in the West vs. non-West controversy over the universality of human rights." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ57618.pdf.

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Camelo, Antonio Nilson. "Christians and Muslims towards a dialogue of life and action for God's people /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

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Rask, Evelina. "Discourse Democracy and Labour Relations : A case study of social dialogue and the socio-economic situation of informal workers in Gujarat, India." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351666.

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This thesis firstly explores the process and effects of social dialogue in the context of informal home-based workers in Gujarat, India, and secondly the applicability of Dryzek’s theory of discourse democracy on this case study. In doing this, the study investigates the potential of social dialogue and discourse democracy to work as instruments for improving the social and economic situation of the workers. The case study consists of how the organisation and trade union Self Employed Women’s Association (SEWA) communicate with influential actors in order to improve the social and economic situation of the informal home-based workers. The material is gathered through interviews with four organisers at SEWA, and observations made when visiting three areas of home-based workers. The empirical results are presented in a chapter demonstrating the process of social dialogue and its effect on the workers situation in this particular context. The second part of the results is a discussion where the theoretical framework, consisting of Dryzek’s discourse democracy and the critique of Habermas’s deliberative democracy that structure his theory, and the empirical findings are scrutinised in relation to each other; by discussing traits of the theories in connection to the case study. The thesis concludes that there are similarities between social dialogue in this case and the theory of discourse democracy, but the theory cannot wholly be used to conceptualise social dialogue. It demonstrated the importance of the communicative decision-making to admit a wide variety of kinds of communication and to involve an active civil society with support in the constitutional framework for improving the social and economic situation of the workers. However, it also indicates that other practices than communicative ones are necessary in this struggle.

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Fahlbusch, Markus. "European integration in the field of human rights protection: the interaction on the basis of different constitutional cultures." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209162.

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The present thesis suggests that judicial interaction can benefit constructive solutions of concrete human rights problems as a specific way of integrating European human rights protection. This affirmation is substantiated by case studies examining the interaction of the European Court of Human Rights with the UK House of Lords and Supreme Court on the one hand and with the German Federal Constitutional Court on the other. Yet, the manner in which the courts proceed in their interaction, notably in view of their potentially conflictual stances, can deflect from the concentration on constructively solving the substantive human rights problem with which the courts are confronted. Accordingly, the courts might be inclined to preserve the status quo of their initial positions and to resort to a mere compromise between the different interests involved.

This thesis identifies two major factors in the courts’ reasoning that inhibit the fruitful discussion of the substantive human rights questions brought up by the cases: the reference to “culture” and the focus on their institutional relationship with the balancing of possibly conflicting interests. By way of analysing practical cases against a legal- and political-theoretical backdrop, this work develops how these two factors contribute to the obstruction of a constructive interaction between the courts and to the shielding of controversial views from being discussed and challenged. In response, also by reference to the concrete practice of the courts, this thesis puts forward an approach to the interaction which avoids this inhibiting effect and therefore allows for a comprehensive, deep and critical discussion on how to solve the specific human rights problems raised by the cases./La présente thèse soutient que l’interaction judiciaire peut bénéficier à des solutions constructives des problèmes concrets de droits de l’homme comme une forme spécifique d’intégration de la protection européenne des droits de l’homme. Cette affirmation est corroborée par des études de cas qui examinent l’interaction de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme avec la House of Lords et la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni d’un côté et avec la Cour constitutionnelle fédérale de l’Allemagne de l’autre. Pourtant, la manière dont les cours procèdent dans leur interaction, notamment au vu de leurs points de vue potentiellement conflictuels, peut détourner l’attention de la solution constructive des problèmes substantiels des droits de l’homme auxquels les cours font face. En conséquence, il se peut que les cours soient susceptibles de préserver le statu quo de leurs positions initiales et d’avoir recours à un simple compromis entre les différents intérêts en cause.

Cette thèse identifie deux facteurs majeurs dans le raisonnement des cours qui entravent la discussion fructueuse des questions substantielles soulevées par les cas :la référence à la « culture » et la concentration sur leur relation institutionnelle avec le balancement des intérêts possiblement conflictuels. Au moyen de l’analyse des cas pratiques sur le fond de la théorie juridique et politique, ce travail fait ressortir comment ces deux facteurs contribuent à l’obstruction d’une interaction constructive entre les cours et à la protection des opinions controversées contre leur discussion et défi. En réponse, également en se fondant sur la pratique concrète des cours, cette thèse avance une approche quant à l’interaction qui évite cet effet inhibant et, par conséquent, permet une discussion complète, profonde et critique de comment résoudre les problèmes spécifiques de droits de l’homme posés par les cas.

Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Kretschmann, Ângela. "Universalidade dos direitos humanos na complexidade de um mundo multicivilizacional." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2473.

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Fundação Universitária para Desenvolvimento do Ensino e da Pesquisa
A despeito da afirmada universalidade dos direitos humanos, a concepção, desenvolvimento histórico e aplicação dos direitos humanos apresenta-se de forma variada no contexto de civilizações distintas. Uma análise comparativa entre as civilizações ocidental, hinduísta, muçulmana e chinesa revela sua diversidade e a influência de suas concepções próprias sobre ser humano, ordem social, direito e direitos humanos. A diferença dos valores está presente no constitucionalismo que passou a fazer parte da história de cada uma e no privilégio dado a direitos sociais e coletivos, ou às liberdades individuais. A resistência ao discurso universalista dos direitos humanos surge também como um aspecto da política internacional, visto que a análise de sua dimensão política na normativa internacional e na prática dos Estados revela desafios civilizacionais à sua implementação, tais como a oposição à seletividade e politização dos direitos humanos e o apelo a particularidades regionais e nacionais e aos vários antecedentes re
In spite of the affirmated universality of Human Rights, the conception, historical development, and its application are presented in a varied way in the context of different civilizations. A comparative analysis among the Occidental, Hindu, Muslim and Chinese civilizations reveals their diversity and the influence of their own conceptions about the human being, social order, Law and Human Rights. The difference of the values is present in the constitutionalism which became part of the history of each civilization, and in the privilege that is given to the social and collective rights or to the individual liberties. The resistance to the universalistic speech of Human Rights also emerges as an aspect of international politics, because the analysis of the Human Rights political dimension in the international Law system and in the States practice reveals civilizational challenges to its implementation, like the opposition to their selectiveness and politicization and the appeal to regional and national parti

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Valiullina, Farida. "Dialogue of the Courts in Europe: Interactions between the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Courts of the ECHR Member States." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18609.

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Aufgrund des wachsenden Bedarfs an kohärenter Interaktion zwischen dem Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte, dem Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union und den Gerichten der EMRK-Mitgliedstaaten, untersucht diese Arbeit die Problematik von Kompetenzkonflikten, die die Glaubwürdigkeit der europäischen und nationalen Gerichtshöfe untergraben und die Effektivität des gerichtlichen Rechtsschutzes in Europa schwächen, und schlägt die Lösungen vor, um Rechtsprechungskonflikte zwischen den Gerichtshöfen zu verringern. Es erfolgt eine Betrachtung der Fragen, wie Inkonsistenzen der gerichtlichen Rechtsprechung der europäischen und nationalen Gerichte vermieden werden können, wie der Beitritt der EU zur EMRK angegangen werden kann und wie das Piloturteilsverfahren des EGMR und nationalen gerichtlichen Überprüfungsverfahren wirksam funktionieren kann. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Schluss, dass es für die Koordination der Zusammenarbeit zwischen den Gerichten wichtig ist, ihre Interaktionen zu verstärken, indem bewährte Verfahren auf allen Ebenen ausgetauscht werden. Um eine tiefere Integration der Staaten in die europäische und internationale Gemeinschaft zu erreichen und das Risiko von sich widersprechenden gerichtlichen Entscheidungen zu reduzieren, wird von den Mitgliedstaaten erwartet, dass sie ihre Verpflichtungen aus dem EU-Recht und der EMRK verlässlich erfüllen, und die europäischen Gerichtshöfe werden ihrerseits die Möglichkeit eines Eingriffs in die Souveränität der Staaten ausschlieβen lassen. Nur wenn einvernehmlich beschlossene Lösungen angenommen werden, wird eine größere Kohärenz in Rechtsprechung der europäischen und nationalen Gerichtshöfe erreicht und ein einheitliches System zum Schutz der Menschenrechte gewährleistet.
In light of the growing need to establish a coherent relationship between the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the courts of the ECHR member states, this study explores the challenges of jurisdictional competition that undermine the credibility of the courts and weaken the effectiveness of judicial protection of fundamental rights in Europe, and suggests ways to reduce emerging judicial tensions between these courts. It examines how to avoid inconsistencies in judicial practices of the European and national courts, how to approach accession of the EU to the ECHR, and how to ensure effective functioning of the pilot judgment mechanism and national judicial review procedures. It concludes that in order to coordinate cooperation between the courts it is important to strengthen their interactions through adhering to best practices at all levels. To pursue deeper integration of states into the European and international community and minimise the chance of rendering contradicting judgments by the courts, member states are expected to comply faithfully with their obligations under EU law and the ECHR, and the European courts shall exclude the possibility of encroachment on state sovereignty. Only if mutually agreed solutions are adopted will a greater consistency in their case law be achieved and a uniform system of protection of human rights ensured.

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Jain, Kusum. "The foundation of human rights in the theories of Maritain and Radhakrishnan a comparative and critical study in search of a common ground for the possibility of a fruitful dialogue." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4936.

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Franco, Fernanda Cristina de Oliveira. "O direito humano ao desenvolvimento em perspectiva intercultural:considerações sobre os direitos dos povos indígenas em grandes projetos de investimentos. O caso da hidrelétrica de Belo Monte." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4446.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aims to examine the Human Right to Development in the current Brazilian context, unfolding it from the perspective of national and local interests. Although internationally recognized such a right - that reflects the dialogue between development and human rights - finds still many challenges on its configuration and implementation. The approach of the Right to Development is focused in the context of indigenous peoples. To this end, the study relies on theories of intercultural dialogue, which propose the overcoming of the polarization between universalism versus cultural relativism, considering the application of human rights in contexts of cultural diversity. It is added to the discussion elements that show how historical trajectory of indigenous peoples on internacional fora brought them to achieve the status of people in international law (albeit with restrictions) and how they were legally guaranteed the right to exercise selfdetermination and sovereignty over their natural resources, two intrinsic components of the Right to Development. The case of Belo Monte Dam was selected as an illustration that makes it possible to examine how indigenous peoples can exercise the Right to Development, considered a platform-right or a synthesis-right. In this case, the project of generating electricity from water exploitation of an important river (Xingu) for indigenous universe is considered of national interest, leading indigenous peoples to occupy a marginal position in the processes of decision making. It is highlighted the difficulties of the Brazilian state - including the three levels of the Executive, Legislature and Judiciary Power - to observe indigenous peoples rights, which together constitute the platform of the Right to Development that is ultimately denied them to perform.
Este trabalho se propõe a analisar o Direito Humano ao Desenvolvimento no contexto atual brasileiro, desdobrando-se na perspectiva dos interesses nacional e local. Apesar de internacionalmente reconhecido, tal direito - que reflete o diálogo entre desenvolvimento e direitos humanos ainda encontra inúmeros desafios de configuração e implementação. Focaliza-se a abordagem desse direito no contexto dos povos indígenas. Para tanto, apóiase nas teorias do diálogo intercultural, que propõem a superação da polarização entre universalismo versus relativismo cultural, considerando a aplicação dos direitos humanos em contextos de diversidade cultural. Acrescenta-se à discussão a trajetória de como aos povos indígenas foi reconhecido o status de povo no direito internacional (ainda que com restrições) e de que forma lhes é juridicamente assegurado exercer o direito à autodeterminação e à soberania sobre as riquezas e recursos naturais, componentes intrínsecos do Direito ao Desenvolvimento. O caso da Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte foi selecionado como ilustração que possibilita analisar de que forma aos povos indígenas é possível exercer o Direito ao Desenvolvimento, considerado um direito síntese ou um direito plataforma. Neste caso, o projeto de geração de energia elétrica a partir do aproveitamento das águas de um importante rio para o universo indígena (Xingu) é considerado de interesse nacional, resultando aos indígenas que habitam as terras do local ocuparem posição marginal nos processos de tomada de decisão. Ressalta-se as dificuldades do Estado brasileiro - consideradas as três esferas do Poder Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário - em observar os direitos assegurados aos indígenas. Esses direitos somados compõem a plataforma do Direito ao Desenvolvimento que em última análise lhes é negado exercer.

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Ishikawa, Erica Tais Ferrara. "Solidariedade como princípio constitucional e o humanismo necessário." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6787.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Is this doctoral thesis, under the philosophy of Law and the State, which aims to bring a brief review of the man and the law; the evolution of both the needs that arise from the dynamics of current relationships; the finding that the inertia of the man shows his real selfish concept, and the transition of natural rights into positive law as the legal model willing to safeguard fundamental rights. It is proposed, the present work, to affirm that solidarity is not only as belonging to the ethical or moral demesne, but that, after his provision in the Federal Constitution of 1988, it became legal rule positively valued by constitutional principle. Therefore the need for identification of solidarity or as a rule or a principle in law. The intercultural dialogue is also inserted as a way of realization of the principle of solidarity, because, aim at the protection and realization of fundamental rights. In this sense, the European Union is the best example of diverse cultures, religions and Constitutions, which considers all its inhabitants as citizens, particularly characterized by free movement of person. Given this fundamental right, will be evaluated as the European Court concretize the principle of solidarity provised in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. In Brazil, will be verified the application of the principle of solidarity by the decisions of the Supreme Court and it usage translates into a necessary humanism by all jurisdictions
Trata-se de tese de doutorado, no âmbito da filosofia do Direito e do Estado, que visa trazer uma breve avaliação sobre o homem e o Direito; a evolução de ambos pelas necessidades que surgem da dinâmica das relações atuais; a constatação de que a inércia do homem demonstra seu verdadeiro conceito egoísta, bem como a transição dos direitos naturais para o direito positivo como o modelo jurídico disposto a salvaguardar os direitos fundamentais. Propõe-se, o presente trabalho, a afirmar a solidariedade não mais como pertencente somente ao plano ético ou moral, mas que, após sua previsão na Constituição Federal de 1988, tornou-se norma jurídica positivada através de princípio constitucional. Daí a necessidade da identificação da solidariedade ou como regra ou como princípio no ordenamento jurídico. O diálogo intercultural também é inserido como um dos meios de efetivação do princípio da solidariedade, pois, visará a proteção e concretização dos direitos fundamentais. Nesse sentido, a União Europeia é o melhor exemplo de diversas culturas, religiões e Constituições, que considera todos seus habitantes como cidadãos, particularmente caracterizada pela livre circulação. Diante desse direito fundamental, avaliar-se-á como o Tribunal Europeu concretiza o princípio da solidariedade previsto na Carta de Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia. No Brasil, verificarse- á a aplicação do princípio da solidariedade pelas decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal e a constatação de que sua utilização traduz-se em um humanismo necessário por todos os ordenamentos jurídicos

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Bachert, Audrey. "L'équilibre des pouvoirs législatif et juridictionnel à l'épreuve des systèmes de protection des droits et libertés : étude comparée : États-Unis, Canada, Royaume-Uni." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0155.

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Alors que la protection effective des droits et libertés est souvent conçue comme dépendante de leur garantie juridictionnelle, cette dernière implique une transformation de l'équilibre qui s'établit entre le juge, non élu, et le législateur, représentant du peuple souverain. À travers une analyse pratique des effets du travail juridictionnel sur l'activité législative, tels qu'ils se sont déployés aux États-Unis, au Canada et au Royaume-Uni sur les quinze dernières années, il est possible d'évaluer les conséquences de la consécration de certains droits dans un catalogue opposable par le juge au législateur, en matière d'équilibre entre les pouvoirs législatif et juridictionnel. Si ces trois systèmes, aux traditions constitutionnelles éloignées, disposent chacun de mécanismes spécifiques pour assurer le respect des droits consacrés, plusieurs points de convergence peuvent être mis en lumière. Leur étude sera alors l'occasion d'appréhender dans une perspective renouvelée l'équilibre qui s'établit entre les deux institutions. Elle fera progressivement apparaitre l'idée d'une véritable collaboration du législateur et du juge en matière de protection des droits et libertés dans les démocraties contemporaines
Effective human rights protection is often perceived as being dependent upon their judicial enforcement. However, such a mechanism transforms the relationship between unelected judges and electorally accountable legislators. Through an empirical analysis of the effects of judicial review on legislation and legislative decision-making, in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom, during the last fifteen years, the actual impact of the entrenchment of human rights in a written bill of rights will be assessed and evaluated. Even though these three countries have different processes to guarantee the respect of entrenched rights, and despite their long-settled and contrasting traditions, their systems are not as conflicting as it is often thought. This study finally leads to a better understanding of the relationship between judges and legislators in contemporary democracies and underlines the idea of a genuine collaboration of powers

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Valiullina, Farida [Verfasser], Gerhard [Gutachter] Dannemann, and Georg [Gutachter] Nolte. "Dialogue of the Courts in Europe: Interactions between the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Courts of the ECHR Member States / Farida Valiullina ; Gutachter: Gerhard Dannemann, Georg Nolte." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1185578242/34.

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Alves, Neto Josias Ferreira. "A efetividade dos direitos humanos diante das limitações do saber jurídico: uma reflexão sobre o diálogo judicial e interdisciplinar a partir do julgamento do caso das células-tronco embrionárias (adi nº. 3.510/2005)." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5349.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
Judgments about human rights require democratic environments to be incurred. The dialogue between the various stakeholders proves to be essential to overcome the limits of legal cognition so that judicial decision will be more effective as the addressed participate to it. In this sense, the unconstitutionality lawsuit n. 3.510 from 2005 shows an interesting example of operation of the dialog field since admitted in its decision making process, the presence of civil society through the amicus curiae institute and the public hearings. The mainstreaming of research on embryonic stem cells has awakened interest of several organizations that would volunteer themselves to expand the legal cognition about the beginning of life. It has been presented arguments of medical, biological, sociological, historical ordinations and some others arguments to uncover the web of bonds involving the constitutional subject matter. The judges interacted with such argumentative space in order to make the final decision about the constitutionality of scientific research from the influence of the miscellaneous views that were presented about the subject. Thus, there was an interaction field between juridical and extrajuridical knowledge in the human rights treatment that, from the perspective of this study, contributed to the construction of the final text of the judgment.
As decisões judiciais acerca de direitos humanos demandam ambientes democráticos para se constituírem. O diálogo entre os diversos interessados se mostra imprescindível para a superar os limites da cognição jurídica de modo que decisão judicial será mais efetivada na medida em que dela participam os destinatários. Neste sentido, a Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade n. 3.510 de 2005 mostra interessante exemplo de operacionalização do campo de diálogo porquanto admitiu, em seu processo de decisão, a presença da sociedade civil por intermédio do instituto dos amicus curiae e audiências públicas. A transversalidade das pesquisas em células-tronco embrionárias despertou o interesse de diversas entidades que se voluntariaram a ampliar a cognição jurídica sobre o início da vida, tendo sido apresentados argumentos de ordem médica, biológica, sociológica, histórica, dentre outros, para desvelar a teia de vínculos que envolvia o tema constitucional. Os julgadores interagiram com tal espaço argumentativo a fim de compor a decisão final sobre a constitucionalidade das pesquisas científicas a partir da influência das variadas visões que se apresentaram sobre o tema. Assim, observou-se um campo de interação entre saberes jurídicos e extrajurídicos no trato dos direitos humanos que, sob a perspectiva deste trabalho, colaborou para a construção do texto final do julgamento.

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Pajgrt, Adam. "Art and democracy: The impact and the role of the right to freedom of artistic expression in various political regimes." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194654.

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The access to technology, the effects of instant information and the emergence of an increasingly empowered global citizen have contributed to the fundamental shift of the global political and economic landscape over the last twenty years. In consequence, the soft-power resources are becoming more and more important components of nation's foreign policy. Foreign policy instruments of public diplomacy and cultural diplomacy can effectively utilize such soft-power resources in order to assert foreign policy goals by purposefully supporting wide range of cultural and artistic activities. It is the aim of the thesis to examine both the direct and indirect impacts of artistic production on societies with various degrees of democratic culture and in connection to elaborate on the relevance of the right to freedom of artistic expression and creativity. The essential aim of this thesis is to look at the role that art production plays in the development of a democratic society.

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Mascaro, Laura Degaspare Monte. "O papel da literatura na promoção e efetivação dos direitos humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-02052012-155032/.

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OBJETIVO: Pretendeu-se, primeiramente, realizar uma proposta de ressignificação dos direitos humanos, interpretando a liberdade e a igualdade a partir da filosofia da existência, de uma forma sensível à essência existencial do homem; traduzindo, assim, a liberdade e a igualdade em autenticidade, cuidado e preocupação com o outro. Em um segundo momento, pretendeu-se analisar o papel da literatura enquanto forma de promoção dos direitos humanos, por sua capacidade formadora e de efetivação dos direitos humanos, permitindo a experiência da liberdade, da autenticidade e do reconhecimento na vida de cada um. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Trata-se de trabalho teórico em sentido estrito. O material corresponde a toda a bibliografia que foi percorrida utilizando-se primordialmente o método hermenêutico. Não se pretendeu exaurir o exame da bibliografia de algum autor específico, mas sim se buscou realizar uma abordagem seletiva dos autores e obras, na medida de sua contribuição para o tema e visão propostos. O tema proposto suscita uma abordagem interdisciplinar que muitas vezes encontra-se no limite entre os direitos humanos, a filosofia e a literatura. Por esse motivo, foi necessário percorrer a bibliografia de forma a propiciar uma conexão harmoniosa das idéias trazidas pelos textos, conexão esta que só é possível a partir de uma abordagem dialógica e criativa. Por conta disso, textos teóricos e literários puderam dialogar e se validarem mutuamente. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que a literatura atua por meio de seu modo de ser como um acontecimento e uma experiência que se incorpora na existência dos escritores e leitores como forma: (i) de entendimento do mundo e formação da personalidade autêntica, bem como da ética humana; (ii) de discurso e de diálogo com o outro e com a tradição, através da fusão de horizontes e do compartilhamento de visões de mundo. Deste modo, a literatura possui um papel formador da personalidade, da ética e do modo de ser dos indivíduos muito importantes para que estes sejam capazes de estar no mundo e compartilhá-lo de um modo autêntico, a partir de uma compreensão e apreensão dos direitos humanos que faça sentido em sua existência
GOAL: Firstly, this work intended to re-signify human rights, by interpreting freedom and equality from existentialism philosophy grounds, in a way that is sensitive to the existential essence of man; meaning that freedom and equality could be translated in authenticity and concern for others. Secondly, the present work intended to analyze the role of literature in promoting human rights, by its educational capacity, and of effecting these rights, by allowing the experience of freedom, authenticity and recognition into the life of those who come into contact with it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The present work is strictly theoretical research. The material corresponds to the bibliography read principally under the hermeneutical method. We had no intention of going through the entire work of any specific author, but to accomplish a selective approach of the authors and their work, in terms of their contribution to the theme and perspective here adopted. The proposed theme raises an interdisciplinary approach which many times can find itself at the frontier between human rights, philosophy and literature. For this reason it has been necessary to examine the bibliography in a manner that allows a harmonious connection between the ideas brought by the texts, only possible by means of a creative and dialogical approach. Thus, theoretical and literary texts could dialogue and validate themselves mutually. CONCLUSIONS: We could conclude that literature acts by its way of being as an event and experience that is incorporated in the existence of writers and readers, as a way: (i) of understanding the world and building authentic personality and human ethics; (ii) of discourse and dialogue with another and with tradition, by the fusion of horizons and sharing of world views. Therefore, literature plays an important role in forming personality, ethics and the way of being of individuals, so that people are able to be-in- the-world and share it in an authentic manner, by allowing the comprehension and understanding of human rights in a familiar way, which makes sense in their existence.

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Assis, Ana Elisa Spaolonzi Queiroz 1983. "Direito à educação e diálogo entre poderes." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250736.

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Orientador: José Roberto Rus Perez
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Trata-se de pesquisa interdisciplinar na área de Políticas Públicas, Direito e Educação, cujo objetivo principal foi pesquisar como o Poder Judiciário atua diante do controle de políticas públicas educacionais para a efetivação do direito à educação sob o Princípio da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana. O estudo foi feito através de quatro metodologias, a saber: fundamentação teórica do estudo para consolidação do diálogo entre as ciências; interpretação zetética dos textos legais em contraposição à interpretação puramente dogmática; análise institucional, no que tange à discussão dos Poderes Públicos, Ministério Público e Conselho Tutelar e suas relações com as fases das políticas educacionais; e estudo de casos como a Ação Civil Pública contra município no oferecimento de vagas e a Ação Civil Pública que problematiza a progressão continuada. Os resultados obtidos demonstram, dentre outras coisas, que a judicialização é importante e pode ajudar na avaliação da política educacional quando não incorre em ativismo, característica que não é essencialmente judicial; e que a educação básica não deve ser encarada como direito público subjetivo em uma interpretação extensiva da Constituição correndo o risco de resultar em uma afronta à dignidade humana.
Abstract: This is a interdisciplinary research in the area of Public Policy, Law and Education, which the main objective was to investigate how the judiciary operates on the control of public policy education for the effective of the right to education under the Principle of Human Dignity. The study was done by four methods, namely: theoretical study for consolidation of dialogue between the sciences; zetetic interpretation of legal texts opposed to a purely dogmatic interpretation; institutional analysis, regarding the discussion of public Powers, Parquet and Guardian Council and its relations with the phases of educational policy; and case studies as the Public Civil lawsuit against the municipality in providing enrolments, and the Public Civil lawsuit which questions the continued progression. The results show, among other things, that the judicialization is important and can help in the evaluation of educational policy, when it not incurs in activism, a characterist ic that is not essentially judicial; and the fact that basic education should not be understand as a subjective public right under a extensive interpretation of the Constitution in danger of resulting in an affront to human dignity.
Doutorado
Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais
Doutor em Educação

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Cseke, Nóra. "Accès au juge et aux procédures d'asile à la lumière des droits européen, allemand et français." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAA004.

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L’effectivité de l’accès aux instances de l’asile dépend de la réunion de plusieurs facteurs qui ne viennent pas uniquement du droit national. La condition sine qua non de l’effectivité d’un tel accès est une réception harmonieuse par les différents Etats, des garanties procédurales indispensables à celui-ci et définies au niveau européen, ce qui suppose toutefois une relation équilibrée entre le droit conventionnel et le droit de l’Union, construite dans un esprit de dialogue. Dans l’établissement de ce dialogue, le législateur de l’Union, tout comme la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne jouent un rôle primordial, et si ce dialogue s’avérait dissonant, le droit national pourrait encore corriger les insuffisances ainsi constatées. Certes, à cette fin, il est nécessaire d’établir un dialogue également au niveau national, et ce, non seulement avec les instances européennes mais aussi à l’intérieur de l’Etat entre les autorités administratives et juridictionnelles. In fine, l’effectivité de cet accès est tout autant indispensable dans une dimension transfrontalière afin de rapprocher davantage les législations nationales et de proposer une solution européenne aux problèmes structuraux et systémiques caractérisant cet accès
The effectiveness of access to asylum bodies depends on a combination of several factors which are not derived solely from national law. The sine qua non of the effectiveness of such access is a harmonious reception by the various Member States of the procedural guarantees essential to it and defined at European level, which presupposes, however, a balanced relationship between ECHR law and Union law built in a spirit of dialogue. In establishing this dialogue, the EU legislator, like the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, plays an essential role, and if this dialogue were to prove dissonant, national law could still correct any shortcomings thus noted. To this end, it is certainly necessary to establish a dialogue also at national level, not only with the EU legislator and the European courts but also between the administrative and judicial authorities at State level. Ultimately, the effectiveness of this access is also essential in a cross-border dimension in order to further approximate national legislation and to propose a European solution to the structural and systemic problems characterizing this access

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Ferreira, Rafael Fonseca. "Diálogos hermenêuticos em Direitos Humanos: em busca da(s) pergunta(s) adequadas(s) para a aplicação dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos no Brasil." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3693.

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A temática da tese é a relação entre Constituição e Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos como expressão de internacionalização do Direito. A tese dedicou-se a elaboração de uma proposta de solução à problemática de como estabelecer outra racionalidade capaz de responder a dificuldade do emprego da visão hierárquico-normativa (difundida na doutrina e no Supremo Tribunal Federal) na relação Constituição-Tratados Internacionais de Direitos Humanos, com direta repercussão no âmbito pragmático-interpretativo. A hipótese foi delineada da seguinte forma: que mediante uma reflexão capaz de recorrer ao nível hermenêutico da compreensão, em busca de seu enlace histórico-crítico baseado na estrutura dialógico-hermenêutica, será possível densificar e orientar as construções teóricas e se construir uma nova estrutura de racionalidade, no caso, para a aplicação dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos no Brasil, enquanto expressão de autonomia do Direito e supremacia material da Constituição em exceção à visão hierárquico-normativista. No objetivo geral apontou-se a busca pelo estabelecimento de elementos estruturais e teóricos que permitissem desenvolver um novo horizonte epistemológico-hermenêutico no que diz respeito aos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos no Brasil como resultado de um diálogo (hermenêutico) para além da visão hierárquico-normativista. Com base nos objetivos específicos passou-se: a descrever e analisar criticamente o paradigma dominante, ancorado na visão hierárquico-normativista sobre tratados internacionais de direitos humanos na jurisprudência consolidada no Supremo Tribunal Federal e na doutrina dominante; reorientar a compreensão de supremacia constitucional considerando o movimento de internacionalização do direito e o caráter constitutivo dos direitos humanos; propor o modo-de-ser dialógico hermenêutico de Hans-Georg Gadamer como reflexão prévia (estruturada) para uma adequada epistemologia (hermenêutica) capaz de traduzir outras possibilidades teórico-normativas oriundas da relação entre Constituição e Tratados internacionais. O Método de abordagem foi o fenomenológico-hermenêutico que, por se ocupar dos dois lados do discurso, auxiliou no revolvimento do chão linguístico sob o qual se assentam os discursos dominantes e na reflexão ontologicamente enraizada. A partir disso, chegou-se a conclusão de que diálogo hermenêutico gadameriano estrutura-se como modo-de-ser produtivo para a construção de sentidos no Direito, em particular, para a adequada compreensão do papel dos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos no constitucionalismo brasileiro. O diálogo hermenêutico, estruturado na dinâmica da pergunta e da resposta, revelou o papel preponderante da pergunta como responsável por descerrar as obviedades do dito. Por consequência, iluminaram-se outras possibilidades de caráter epistemológico hermenêutico para a relação (ontológica) entre direitos humanos e fundamentais, com direta repercussão na tese da inconstitucionalidade do § 3º do art. 5º da Constituição Federal inserido pela Emenda Constitucional nº 45/2004. Também, conclui-se que a construção e consolidação da noção de bloco de constitucionalidade exsurge da pergunta adequada (dialógica) pela dimensão interpretativa dos direitos humanos em face do desprezado vigor conteudístico aos §§ 1º e 2º do art. 5º da Constituição Federal. Com efeito, ao assimilar-se o caráter histórico-compreensivo dos direitos humanos e fundamentais, o bloco de constitucionalidade viabilizou-se como vetor epistemológico-hermenêutico para a modificação de compreensão sobre tratamento dispensado aos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos como dimensão da materialidade constitucional.
The theme of this thesis is the relationship between the Constitution and International Human Rights Treaties as an expression of internationalization of Law. The thesis was dedicated to developing a solution to the problem of how to establish another rationality, one that is able to answer to the difficulty of using the hierarchical-normative view (spread in the doctrine of the Supreme Court) in the Constitution-International Treaties on Human Rights relationship with a direct impact on the pragmatic and interpretative framework. The hypothesis was outlined as follows: that upon reflection able to use the hermeneutic level of understanding, in search of his historical-critical link based on dialogic-hermeneutic structure, you can densify and guide constructions theoretical and build a new structure of rationality, in this case, for the implementation of international treaties on human rights in Brazil, as an expression of autonomy of law and constitution material supremacy in exception to the hierarchical-normative vision. On the overall objective we point to the seek for establishing structural and theoretical evidence to develop a new epistemological and hermeneutic horizon with regard to international treaties on human rights in Brazil as a result of (hermeneutic) dialogue beyond the hierarchical-normative view. Based on the specific objectives, we then proceeded to: describe and critically analyze the dominant paradigm, anchored in the hierarchical-normative view of international human rights treaties in the jurisprudence that is consolidated in the Supreme Court and the dominant doctrine; reorient the understanding of constitutional supremacy considering the internationalization of Law movement and the constitutive character of human rights; propose Hans-Georg Gadamer’s dialogical hermeneutical “way-of-being” as previous reflection (structured) for proper epistemology (hermeneutics) able to translate other theoretical and normative possibilities arising from the relationship between the Constitution and international treaties. The approach method was the phenomenological-hermeneutic one, due to its engagement on both sides of the speech, that helped to revolve the linguistic ground on which sit the dominant discourses and also aided the ontologically rooted reflection. From this we came to the conclusion that Gadamerian hermeneutic dialogue is structured as a productive “way-of-being” for the construction of sense in law, in particular for the proper understanding of the role of international human rights treaties in the Brazilian constitutionalism. The hermeneutic dialogue, structured in the dynamics of question and answer, revealed the predominant role of the question as responsible for unveiling the obviousness of the speech. Consequently, it shed light on other hermeneutic epistemological possibilities for the (ontological) relation between human and fundamental rights, with direct impact on the thesis of the unconstitutionality of section 3 of the 5th article of the Federal Constitution inserted by Constitutional Amendment No. 45/2004. Also, we concluded that the construction and consolidation of the concept of constitutional block emerges from the appropriate (dialogical) question by the interpretative dimension of human rights in the face of the despised vigor of contents on sections 1 and 2 of the 5th article of the Federal Constitution. Indeed, by assimilating the historical-comprehensive nature of human and fundamental rights, the constitutional block became feasible as epistemological-hermeneutic vector for changing the comprehension on the given treatment to international human rights treaties as a dimension of constitutional materiality.

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Granconato, Márcio Mendes. "Análise conceitual e aplicada dos requisitos caracterizadores da relação de emprego à luz dos direitos fundamentais: a adequação constitucional da interpretação e aplicação dos artigos 2º e 3º da CLT." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6714.

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The object of the present thesis is the conceptual and applied analysis of the requirements defining the labor relations from the standpoint of the fundamental rights. The classical elements for establishing the employment relationship and for qualifying the worker as an employee, which are (i) being a natural person, (ii) working in personal character (intuitu personae), (iii) habitually, (iv) under subordination and (v) for payment, are hereby studied in light of the Brazilian Federal Constitution, as a way to promote maximal protection of the working person's dignity. For such, the articles 2nd and 3rd of the Consolidated Labor Laws are examined by means of two mechanisms: the interpretation under the Constitution, and under the theory of the "dialogue des sources". The former focuses on securing the supremacy of the constitutional principles; the latter considers the legal norms to be of complementary, rather than of excluding nature, allowing for a combined analysis in light of the fundamental rights protected by the Constitution. Drawing on this new interpretation of the employment relationship s criteria, the core concept in Labor Law Studies ceases to be the one of subordination, giving way to the actual human being. The natural personhood gains in relevance and inspires the analysis of the remaining elements defining the employment contract. The personal character (intuitu personae) is then viewed in conjunction with the personhood rights and their protection; the non-eventuality, with the values that maintain the employment relationship and prevent abusive dismissals; the subordination, with the worker s right to resist against the employer s excesses; and the remuneration, in conjunction with the principle of good faith, social function of the contract and the economical balance of the contractors, thus avoiding adjustments that may damage the equality and equity of the relationship
O objeto da presente tese é a análise conceitual e aplicada dos requisitos caracterizadores da relação de emprego sob a ótica dos direitos fundamentais. Os elementos clássicos de configuração do vínculo empregatício e que também qualificam o trabalhador como empregado, quais sejam, ser pessoa física, pessoalidade, habitualidade, subordinação e onerosidade, são estudados à luz da Constituição Federal, como forma de maximizar a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana que trabalha. Para tanto, os artigos 2º e 3º da CLT são examinados por meio de dois mecanismos: a interpretação conforme a Constituição e a teoria do diálogo das fontes. Para a primeira, importa a leitura do texto legal da maneira que mais favoreça a supremacia dos princípios constitucionais; para a segunda, as normas jurídicas não se excluem, complementam-se, permitindo sua análise conjunta à luz dos direitos fundamentais protegidos pela Constituição. A partir dessa nova leitura dos pressupostos da relação de emprego muda-se o núcleo de estudo do direito do trabalho, que deixa de ser a subordinação e passa a ser a pessoa humana. O ser pessoa física ganha maior relevância e inspira o estudo dos demais elementos que configuram o contrato de trabalho. Pessoalidade passa a ser lida em conjunto com os direitos da personalidade e a sua proteção; habitualidade, com os valores que preservam a manutenção do vínculo empregatício e obstam despedidas abusivas; subordinação, com o direito de resistência que possui o trabalhador frente a abusos cometidos pelo patrão e que possam atingir a sua dignidade; onerosidade, com a boa-fé, a função social do contrato e o equilíbrio econômico dos contratantes, evitando-se ajustes que atentem contra a igualdade e a equidade

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Veiga, Marcelo. "Pensamento político moderno e fundamentos dos direitos humanos: perspectivas para o século XXI." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7810.

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The present work aims to approach the concepts of human rights and dignity human being from the conception of modern politics. It presents a synthesis of the evolution of the modern thought as for the establishment of the concepts of individual, society and State, basic for the definition of the contours and limits of the human rights seen as universal. After that, exposes the debate concerning the tension produced for the positions that defend the universalism and the cultural relativism, in face of a paradox that demonstrates the affirmation of fundamental rights and, at the same time, its constant disrespect. As alternative for the overcoming of the tension and the paradox, it presents the contributions of Boaventura de Sousa Santos sociologist, who suggests the adoption of a new paradigm supported for the possibility of construction of an intercultural dialogue and for the concepts of emancipation politics and diatopic hermeneusm.
O presente trabalho visa abordar os conceitos de direitos humanos e dignidade humana a partir da concepção política moderna. Apresenta uma síntese da evolução do pensamento moderno no que se refere ao estabelecimento dos conceitos de indivíduo, de sociedade e de Estado, fundamentais para a definição dos contornos e limites dos direitos humanos vistos como universais. Em seguida, expõe o debate acerca da tensão produzida pelas posições que defendem o universalismo e o relativismo cultural, em face de um paradoxo que explicita a afirmação dos direitos fundamentais e, ao mesmo tempo, o seu constante desrespeito. Como alternativa para a superação da tensão e do paradoxo, apresenta as contribuições do sociólogo Boaventura de Sousa Santos, que sugere a adoção de um novo paradigma sustentado pela possibilidade de construção de um diálogo intercultural e pelos conceitos de política emancipatória e hermenêutica diatópica.

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29

Morin, Asli. "La convergence des jurisprudences de la Cour de cassation et du Conseil d'Etat : contribution au dialogue des juges en droit du travail." Thesis, Paris 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA020065.

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La thèse étudie sous leurs aspects, historiques, juridiques, la convergence des jurisprudences du Conseil d’Etat et de la Cour de cassation en droit du travail. D’autres juridictions,nationales (Tribunal des conflits et Conseil constitutionnel), européennes (Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme et Cour de justice de l’Union européenne) concourent à ce rapprochement. La thèse aborde la convergence des objectifs sous deux angles ; l’un né d’une attraction réciproque, l’autre, d’une attraction amplifiée. La convergence jurisprudentielle est successivement qualifiée de « recherchée » et de « nuancée ». Le « juge répartiteur » exerce une influence indirecte, à laquelle s’ajoute celle, directe, des « juges prescripteurs ». A la convergence des objectifs s’ajoute une convergence de la méthode, perceptible à travers les modes d’articulation des sources et les techniques de construction jurisprudentielle. La thèse démontre que le droit du travail, qui s’est construit en réunissant les enseignements du droit civil – la force obligatoire du contrat – et les leçons du droit public – l’importance de l’intérêt général – se révèle être le domaine d’élection d’un échange technique inédit entre les deux ordres juridictionnels. Cette étude signale le passage d’une période d’indifférence mutuelle à celle d’une attention devenue traditionnelle. A l’instar du dialogue qui existe entre le juge et le législateur en matière sociale, se noue un « dialogue des juges » des deux Hautes Juridictions, pour prévenir des discordances majeures
This dissertation aims at describing how the two Supreme Institutions — the Board of State and the Court of Cassation —, despite their respective traditions and status were able to make their Jurisprudences convergent. Beginning with an historical Introduction, the study goes in details into the reciprocal attraction of the the Board of State and of the Court of Cassation based on shared goals (Part I). This convergent movement is discussed according to both Jurisprudences (Title 1), then in relation with the Jurisprudences of the Disputes Tribunal of the Constitutional Council and of the European Courts (Title 2). Part II offers a methodological approach explaining how the sources of these Jurisprudences are selected in order to solve normative conflicts (Title 1). A cross-movement consisting in loans and exchanges of technics between both Institutions occurs for the sake of Law unity and in defense of the public and individual Rights (Title 2)

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Bennani, Jerari Dina-Maria. "Demokratisk innovation : En fallstudie av medborgardialogen som kanal för politiskt inflytande." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323352.

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The study of citizen dialogues primarily focuses on which citizens are included in dialogues, and how those citizens are included in dialogues, despite the fact that the influence perspective is at least as important as the inclusion perspective for the right to political participation. This essay thus addresses the challenge of citizen dialogues regarding their impact on political decisions. This study examines how citizen dialogue as a democratic innovation operates within a local political context, this to answer how the dialogue functions as a channel of political influence. The overall aim is to determine whether democratic innovation can revitalize representative democracy. This is answered by a qualitative case study of one of the dialogues of Huddinge municipality. The study is conducted with semi-structured interviews as primary materials. Graham Smith's institutional democracy theory forms the analysis framework, which is made up of various institutional and democratic ideals. The study's findings show that citizen dialogues, as democratic innovation, work well in a local political context, since the innovation is considered effective and because the innovation has a structure and a clear function in the political system. The results also show that citizens have a good chance of influencing political processes through citizen dialogues. This is mainly due to the fact that the studied citizen dialogue took place at an early stage of the decision-making process, which enabled better conditions for political participation. The results also reveal that there are no mechanisms within the political system that ensure that the participation will have significance. Consequently, it is not possible to draw conclusions as to whether a citizen dialogue is generally a good channel for political influence or not. The conclusions from this study are that a citizen dialogue can be considered to revitalize representative democracy, provided that it both fits in the local political context and has good conditions for integrating citizens' participation in the subsequent political decisions.
Studiet av medborgardialoger kretsar främst kring vilka och hur medborgare inkluderas i dialoger, trots att perspektivet inflytande har en minst lika viktig betydelse för rätten till politiskt deltagande som inkluderingsperspektivet. Uppsatsen tar därmed fasta på medborgardialogens utmaning kring inflytande. Studien undersöker hur medborgardialogen fungerar som demokratisk innovation i en lokalpolitisk kontext, detta för att svara på hur dialogen fungerar som kanal för politiskt inflytande. Det övergripande syftet är huruvida en demokratisk innovation kan vitalisera den representativa demokratin. Detta besvaras genom en kvalitativ fallstudie av en av Huddinge kommuns medborgardialoger. Undersökningen genomförs med semistrukturerade intervjuer som primärmaterial. Med avstamp i Graham Smiths institutionella demokratiteori skapas analysramverket bestående av olika institutionella och demokratiska ideal. Studiens resultat visar att medborgardialogen som demokratisk innovation, fungerar väl i en lokal-politisk kontext då innovationen ses som effektiv och innehar en tydlig funktion inom det politiska systemet. Resultatet visar även att medborgare har en god möjlighet till inflytande på politiska processer. Detta beror främst på att den studerade medborgardialogen skedde i ett tidigt skede av beslutsprocessen, vilket möjliggjorde bättre förutsättningar för politisk delaktighet. Av resultatet framkommer det även att det saknas mekanismer inom det politiska systemet som garanterar att deltagandet blir betydelsefullt. Det går följaktligen inte att dra slutsatsen kring om medborgardialogen i allmänhet är en bra kanal för politiskt inflytande eller inte. Slutsatserna är att medborgardialogen kan ses vitalisera den representativa demokratin, med förbehåll att medborgardialogen både passar i den lokala politiska kontexten och har goda förutsättningar för att integrera medborgarnas deltagande i efterföljande politiska beslut.

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Giannopoulos, Christos. "L'autorité de la chose interprétée des arrêts de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAA031.

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L’autorité de la chose interprétée des arrêts de la Cour EDH est un concept avec une double signification. Il désigne à la fois l’autorité jurisprudentielle et l’autorité interprétative de la Cour EDH. Ces deux aspects interconnectés témoignent du caractère propre de sa jurisprudence. Ainsi, la force obligatoire que revêt par hypothèse la décision rendue n’est pas isolée à l’espèce mais elle peut être étendue aux États tiers au litige dans la mesure où la Cour EDH est expressément investie du pouvoir d’énoncer des interprétations authentiques qui font corps à la Convention. Certains arrêts de la Cour EDH ont donc une force référentielle obligatoire et sont, de ce fait, opposables à l’ensemble de la communauté des États contractants. Complètement dissociée de l’obligation qui concerne l’État défendeur au titre de l’article 46 de la Convention, l’obligation de tenir compte de la jurisprudence européenne implique l’intervention proactive de l’État pour mettre en conformité son système national sans attendre la condamnation de la Cour EDH. Les juridictions nationales ont progressivement reconnu cet effet dissuasif de la jurisprudence de la Cour de Strasbourg en contribuant au développement d’un partenariat inter-juridictionnel puisque la mise en oeuvre des arrêts de la Cour EDH est une responsabilité judiciaire partagée
The Res interpretata effect of the ECtHRs’ judgments is a concept with double significance. It designates both the authority of the ECtHR’s case-law and its interpretative authority. These two interconnected aspects demonstrate the special nature of the Court's jurisdiction. Therefore, the binding force of the Court's judgment is not restricted in the case at hand, but it can be extended to the States that were not a party to the proceedings insofar as the ECtHR has the power to enunciate the authentic interpretations of the Convention. Certain judgments of the ECtHR have, thus, an obligatory referential force and are, as a consequence, binding on the entire community of the Contracting States. Entirely separated from the obligation that concerns the defendant State under Article 46 of the Convention, the obligation to take into account the ECtHR’s case-law involves the State’s proactive intervention to bring its national system in conformity with the ECtHR’s standards. The national jurisdictions have progressively accepted the dissuasive effect of the ECtHR’s case-law by contributing to the development of an inter-jurisdictional partnership since the implementation of the ECtHR’s judgments is a shared judicial responsibility

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Ekstrand, Moa. "Ord men inga visor : En jämförande masterstudie om humanitära organisationers policy kring dialog och mänskliga rättigheter i relation till praktiskt genomförande av flyktingläger." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-266329.

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The average time for an individual to be located in a refugee situation is 17 years. That people are fleeing for such a long period of their life means that a large part of their human rights can easily be neglected. This study examines the humanitarian organizations MSB’s and UN- HCR's implementation of refugee camps and how they allow refugees to play a part in this process. This essay intends to examine the policy the organizations adhere to, namely the in- ternationally recognized handbooks Handbook of Emergencies and The Sphere Project. Em- pirical material is based on a qualitative interview method where a comparison between poli- cy and practice is investigated. Employees of organizations and experts on refugee camp de- sign, management and urban planning have served as respondents in this study. The city planning theory collaborative rationality is used to examine the empirical data to answer how organizations work with refugee camps, if a dialogue processes occur between organizations and refugees, and what benefits the theory can provide. This is followed by a discussion re- garding the human rights of the refugees and whether these are considered in the implementa- tion of the camp. A question raised in the discussion is whether a clarification of the concept could help the organizations' employees to meet the human rights of the refugees. The aim of this thesis is to create an interdisciplinary understanding across disciplinary boundaries. The idea is that the amalgamation of disciplines can improve the humanitarian organizations’ work and aid refugees living conditions. This study highlights a discrepancy in the relation- ship between policy and practice in relation to the procedure manuals, but also in relation to refugees and the satisfaction of human rights. A majority of the respondents testify a wish that a dialogue should be conducted between the organization and the recipients of humanitar- ian aid but that issues such as time pressure, ignorance and power relations complicates this process. What is needed for an improvement of dialogue processes is that the organizations need to take clearer positions on how the practical implementation should play out which would more easily control their employees to execute their work. States need to review their approach to refugees and to take responsibility for the people who need help. Last but not least, the concept of human rights and Nussbaum's definition of it is offered as a suggestion as to how UNHCR and MSB could simplify their work to accommodate that the refugees are treated within the realms of the human rights legislation.

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Mazzuoli, Valerio de Oliveira. "Rumo às novas relações entre o direito internacional dos direitos humanos e o direito interno : da exclusão à coexistência, da intransigência ao diálogo das fontes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132783.

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Les rapports entre le droit international des droits de l’homme et le droit interne sont devenus, à travers le temps, chaque fois plus complexes, en grande mesure dû aux conflits et antinomies qui naissent entre les règles des ces deux ordonnements quand de l’application, dans le plan du droit interne, d’un traité international de droits de l’homme. La doctrinne traditionnelle, acompagnée par la jurisprudence des tribunaux internes, ont résolu le problème par l’a application de méthodes aussi traditionnelles de solution d’antinomies, qui sont, le hierarchique, le chrolonogique et celui de la spécialité. Seulement quelque peu d’auteurs pensent que l’application de ces critères classiques ne suffisent plus aux besoins que l’ordre juridique pos-moderne exige, comme la coordination des règles de protection à fin de se trouver le “meilleur droit” dans le cas concret. Cette étude defend ce dernier point de vue, et l’auteur comprend que la solution pour les antinomies entre le droit international des droits de l’homme et le droit interne doit être atteint en cherchant la coexistence des sources de protection, plutôt de l’exclusion d’une pour l’autre dans un système intransigeant. Cette coexistence passe à être possible quand se comprend que le système international de protection des droits de l’homme “dialogue” avec le droit interne, toujours dans le sens de mieux proteger à la personne humaine sujet de droits. On propose la construction d’un système que non “choisit” une régle en exclusion de l’autre, mais que les coordonne et les unit en faveur de la protection du être humain, en consacration pleine au principe international pro homine.
Le relazioni tra il diritto internazionale dei diritti umani e il diritto interno sono divenute, col passare del tempo, sempre più complesse, principalmente a causa dei conflitti e le antinomie che sorgono tra le regole di questi due ordinamenti, in particolare, con riferimento all’applicazione, nel piano del diritto interno, di un trattato internazionale sui diritti umani. La dottrina tradizionale, seguita dalla giurisprudenza dei tribunali locali, ha risolto il problema attraverso l’applicazione di criteri tradizionali di soluzione di antinomie, quali siano, attraverso il criterio gerarchico, quello cronologico e della specialità. Appena pochi autori intendono che l’applicazione di questi criteri classici non soddisfa più le necessità che l’ordine giuridico post moderno esige, come quella della coordinazione delle regole di protezione al fine di applicare il “miglior diritto” al caso concreto. Questo studio difende questo ultimo punto di vista, intendendo l’Autore che la soluzione per le antinomie tra il diritto internazionale dei diritti umani e il diritto interno deve essere incontrata nella ricerca della coesistenza delle fonti di protezione, invece della esclusione di una per l’altra all’interno di un sistema intransigente. Questa coesistenza passa ad essere possibile quando si intende che il sistema internazionale di protezione dei diritti umani “dialoga” con il diritto interno, sempre nel senso di cercare la migliore protezione della persona umana, soggetto di diritti. Si difende la costruzione di un sistema che non “sceglie” una regola di esclusione per un’altra, ma che le coordina e le unisce a vantaggio della protezione dell’essere umano, consacrando il principio internazionale pro homine.
As relações entre o direito internacional dos direitos humanos e o direito interno têm se tornado, através dos tempos, cada vez mais complexas, em grande parte devido aos conflitos e antinomias que surgem entre as regras desses dois ordenamentos quando da aplicação, no plano do direito interno, de um tratado internacional de direitos humanos. A doutrina tradicional, acompanhada pela jurisprudência dos tribunais locais, tem resolvido o problema pela aplicação de critérios também tradicionais de solução de antinomias, quais sejam, o hierárquico, o cronológico e o da especialidade. Apenas alguns poucos autores entendem que a aplicação desses critérios clássicos não mais satisfaz às necessidades que a ordem jurídica pósmoderna está a exigir, como a coordenação das regras de proteção a fim de alcançarse o “melhor direito” no caso concreto. Este estudo defende este último ponto de vista, entendendo o Autor que a solução para as antinomias entre o direito internacional dos direitos humanos e o direito interno deve ser alcançada buscandose a coexistência das fontes de proteção, ao invés da exclusão de uma pela outra num sistema intransigente. Esta coexistência passa a ser possível quando se entende que o sistema internacional de proteção dos direitos humanos “dialoga” com o direito interno, sempre no sentido de melhor proteger a pessoa humana sujeito de direitos. Propugna-se pela construção de um sistema que não “escolhe” uma regra em exclusão de outra, mas que as coordena e as une em prol da proteção do ser humano, em franca consagração ao princípio internacional pro homine.
The relationship between international human rights law and national law has, over time, become ever more complex, in large measure due to the conflicts and antinomies that arise between the rules of these two systems regarding the application, in national law, of an international human rights treaty. The traditional doctrine, accompanied by the jurisprudence of local courts, has resolved the problem by the application of traditional criteria for solving antinomies, which are the hierarchical, the chronological and the specialization. Only a few authors understand that the application of these classical criteria no longer satisfies the necessities of the post-modern judicial order, such as the coordination of the protection rules in order to achieve the “best law” in a concrete case. This study defends this latter point of view, based on the principle that the antinomies between international human rights law and internal law should be solved through the coexistence of the protection sources, instead of excluding one by the other in an irreconcilable system. This coexistence becomes possible when one understands that the international system of protection for human rights “dialogues” with internal law, always in the sense of better protecting the human being who is the subject of rights. I argue for the construction of a system that does not “choose” one rule over another, but that coordinates and unites different rules in favor of the protection of the human being, in clear support of the international pro homine principle.

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Da, Fonseca Amélie. "La subsidiarité juridictionnelle. Contribution à l’étude de l’intégration européenne." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2082.

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Paradoxalement peu étudiée, la subsidiarité juridictionnelle constitue une dimension essentielle de l’intégration européenne, tant il est acquis que les ordres juridiques de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme et de l’Union européenne sont fondés sur la compétence de principe du juge national et la compétence subsidiaire du juge européen dans l’application et le respect de leurs droits respectifs. La subsidiarité juridictionnelle y joue en effet un rôle essentiel du fait des fonctions de répartition et de régulation des compétences juridictionnelles qu’elle occupe. Cette recherche se propose donc, dans un premier temps, d’identifier la subsidiarité juridictionnelle afin de prendre la mesure de son rôle dans l’intégration européenne. La crise juridictionnelle qui bouleverse la construction européenne conduit ensuite à réinterroger les relations entretenues entre la subsidiarité juridictionnelle et l’intégration européenne. Si la première était jusqu’alors une condition de l’existence et du fonctionnement de la seconde, l’exercice de la subsidiarité juridictionnelle est au cœur des revendications nationales, qui en exigent le rééquilibrage à leur profit. Face à l’engorgement des prétoires des Cours européennes et à la contestation nationale à leur encontre, les solutions opérationnelles sont donc recherchées dans la subsidiarité juridictionnelle. La régulation du contentieux qu’elle permet doit ainsi s’effectuer au bénéfice des deux niveaux de juridiction. Cette recherche propose donc, dans un second temps, d’observer l’exercice ambivalent dont la subsidiarité juridictionnelle fait l’objet dans ce contexte de crise, et qui confirme, sur des fondements nouveaux, son caractère indispensable à la poursuite de l’intégration européenne
Paradoxically little studied, judicial subsidiarity constitutes an essential dimension of European integration, as the legal orders of the European Convention of Human rights and of the European Union are based on the jurisdiction of principle of the national judge and the subsidiary jurisdiction of the European judge in the application and respect of the law issued from them. Indeed, judicial subsidiarity plays an essential role due to its functions of distribution and regulation of jurisdiction. This research therefore proposes, first of all, to identify judicial subsidiarity to assess its role in European integration. The judicial crisis disrupting the European construction then leads to re-examine the relationship between judicial subsidiarity and European integration. While the former was until then a condition of the existence and functioning of the latter, the exercise of judicial subsidiarity is now at the core of national demands, who require a rebalancing to their advantage. In the face of bottlenecks observed in European courtrooms and the national contestation against them, operational solutions are sought in judicial subsidiarity. The regulation of litigation that it enables thus must be carried out for the benefit of both levels of jurisdiction. This research therefore proposes, as a second step, to examine the ambivalent exercise of judicial subsidiarity in this context of crisis, which confirms, on new grounds, its indispensable character for the pursuit of European integration

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Kardimis, Théofanis. "La chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation face à l’article 6 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme : étude juridictionnelle comparée (France-Grèce)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3004.

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La première partie de l’étude est consacrée à l’invocation, intra et extra muros, du droit à un procès équitable. Sont analysés ainsi, dans un premier temps, l’applicabilité directe de l’article 6 et la subsidiarité de la Convention par rapport au droit national et de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme par rapport aux juridictions nationales. Le droit à un procès équitable étant un droit jurisprudentiel, l’étude se focalise, dans un second temps, sur l’invocabilité des arrêts de la Cour Européenne et plus précisément sur l’invocabilité directe de l’arrêt qui constate une violation du droit à un procès équitable dans une affaire mettant en cause l’Etat et l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme à l’arrêt qui interprète l’article 6 dans une affaire mettant en cause un Etat tiers. L’introduction dans l’ordre juridique français et hellénique de la possibilité de réexamen de la décision pénale définitive rendue en violation de la Convention a fait naitre un nouveau droit d’accès à la Cour de cassation lequel trouve son terrain de prédilection aux violations de l’article 6 et constitue peut-être le pas le plus important pour le respect du droit à un procès équitable après l’acceptation (par la France et la Grèce) du droit de recours individuel. Quant au faible fondement de l’autorité de la chose interprétée par la Cour Européenne, qui est d’ailleurs un concept d’origine communautaire, cela explique pourquoi un dialogue indirect entre la Cour Européenne et la Cour de cassation est possible sans pour autant changer en rien l’invocabilité de l’interprétation conforme et le fait que l’existence d’un précédent oblige la Cour de cassation à motiver l’interprétation divergente qu’elle a adoptée.La seconde partie de l’étude, qui est plus volumineuse, est consacrée aux garanties de bonne administration de la justice (article 6§1), à la présomption d’innocence (article 6§2), aux droits qui trouvent leur fondement conventionnel dans l’article 6§1 mais leur fondement logique dans la présomption d’innocence et aux droits de la défense (article 6§3). Sont ainsi analysés le droit à un tribunal indépendant, impartial et établi par la loi, le délai raisonnable, le principe de l’égalité des armes, le droit à une procédure contradictoire, le droit de la défense d’avoir la parole en dernier, la publicité de l’audience et du prononcé des jugements et arrêts, l’obligation de motivation des décisions, la présomption d’innocence, dans sa dimension procédurale et personnelle, le « droit au mensonge », le droit de l’accusé de se taire et de ne pas contribuer à son auto-incrimination, son droit d’être informé de la nature et de la cause de l’accusation et de la requalification envisagée des faits, son droit au temps et aux facilités nécessaires à la préparation de la défense, y compris notamment la confidentialité de ses communications avec son avocat et le droit d’accès au dossier, son droit de comparaître en personne au procès, le droit de la défense avec ou sans l’assistance d’un avocat, le droit de l’accusé d’être représenté en son absence par son avocat, le droit à l’assistance gratuite d’un avocat lorsque la situation économique de l’accusé ne permet pas le recours à l’assistance d’un avocat mais les intérêts de la justice l’exigent, le droit d’interroger ou faire interroger les témoins à charge et d’obtenir la convocation et l’interrogation des témoins à décharge dans les mêmes conditions que les témoins à charge et le droit à l’interprétation et à la traduction des pièces essentielles du dossier. L’analyse est basée sur la jurisprudence strasbourgeoise et centrée sur la position qu’adoptent la Cour de cassation française et l’Aréopage
The first party of the study is dedicated to the invocation of the right to a fair trial intra and extra muros and, on this basis, it focuses on the direct applicability of Article 6 and the subsidiarity of the Convention and of the European Court of Human Rights. Because of the fact that the right to a fair trial is a ‘‘judge-made law’’, the study also focuses on the invocability of the judgments of the European Court and more precisely on the direct invocability of the European Court’s judgment finding that there has been a violation of the Convention and on the request for an interpretation in accordance with the European Court’s decisions. The possibility of reviewing the criminal judgment made in violation of the Convention has generated a new right of access to the Court of cassation which particularly concerns the violations of the right to a fair trial and is probably the most important step for the respect of the right to a fair trial after enabling the right of individual petition. As for the weak conventional basis of the authority of res interpretata (“autorité de la chose interprétée”), this fact explains why an indirect dialogue between the ECHR and the Court of cassation is possible but doesn’t affect the applicant’s right to request an interpretation in accordance with the Court’s decisions and the duty of the Court of cassation to explain why it has decided to depart from the (non-binding) precedent.The second party of the study is bigger than the first one and is dedicated to the guarantees of the proper administration of justice (Article 6§1), the presumption of innocence (Article 6§2), the rights which find their conventional basis on the Article 6§1 but their logical explanation to the presumption of innocence and the rights of defence (Article 6§3). More precisely, the second party of the study is analyzing the right to an independent and impartial tribunal established by law, the right to a hearing within a reasonable time, the principle of equality of arms, the right to adversarial proceedings, the right of the defence to the last word, the right to a public hearing and a public pronouncement of the judgement, the judge’s duty to state the reasons for his decision, the presumption of innocence, in both its procedural and personal dimensions, the accused’s right to lie, his right to remain silent, his right against self-incrimination, his right to be informed of the nature and the cause of the accusation and the potential re-characterisation of the facts, his right to have adequate time and facilities for the preparation of the defence, including in particular the access to the case-file and the free and confidential communication with his lawyer, his right to appear in person at the trial, his right to defend either in person or through legal assistance, his right to be represented by his counsel, his right to free legal aid if he hasn’t sufficient means to pay for legal assistance but the interests of justice so require, his right to examine or have examined witnesses against him and to obtain the attendance and examination of witnesses on his behalf under the same conditions as witnesses against him and his right to the free assistance of an interpreter and to the translation of the key documents. The analysis is based on the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights and focuses on the position taken by the French and the Greek Court of Cassation (Areopagus) on each one of the above mentioned rights

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Morris, Catherine Ann. "Peacebuilding in Cambodia : transforming public dialogue about human rights." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/11808.

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This explorative thesis asks how theories and practices regarding conflict processes might be applicable to peacebuilding, particularly the development of human rights law, policy, institutions, mechanisms and practices, in and for Cambodia. Current legal development and human rights approaches do not seem adequate to address key features of human rights conflicts in Cambodia, including the ethical nature of human rights conflict, the polarized nature of Cambodian public conflicts and the deep mistrust among stakeholders as a result of the turmoil of the past, including the Pol Pot regime and its aftermath. Also, current efforts have not been very effective in addressing the well-identified lack of respected, impartial decision making and dispute resolution bodies in Cambodia. Further, there has been insufficient attention by foreign human rights, legal development and peacebuilding specialists on building local knowledge in participatory fashion with Cambodian partners. Dominant foreign approaches to human rights and legal development have also tended to overlook Cambodian historic and cultural preferences, including preferences for conciliation. Conflict resolution approaches as articulated in Canadian projects in Cambodia in 1995 and 1996 are examined with the conclusion that some features of the actor-oriented, interest-based approaches currently dominant in the North American field of dispute resolution are not suited to the key challenges presented by Cambodian public conflicts. Possibilities for addressing human rights conflict in Cambodia are addressed, including consideration of several newer currents in the field of conflict studies. Included are some poststructuralist and post-modernist perspectives that aim to address public "moral conflict,"and which try to address inadequacies in current conflict resolution myths and theories about "neutrality." These point to the possibility of constructing dialogical processes that may lead to sustained and transformative talk among the many human rights stakeholders in Cambodia. Offered as examples are several Cambodian-initiated projects which have emphasized public participation and multi-stakeholder dialogical processes. There are suggestions for further research and support of these Cambodian experiments to further articulate, draw and utilize local understandings that may move toward national reconciliation and justice within the international human rights framework formally supported in Cambodia.

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Hlavac, Monica Anne. "A Dialogical Approach to Human Rights: Institutions, Culture and Legitimacy." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/1124.

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In this study I address the moral and cultural disagreement and conflict regarding the interpretation of human rights norms that threatens the legitimacy of the human rights enterprise. Such disagreements present an opportunity to probe, question and dissect beliefs to uncover inconsistencies and false assumptions and attain a deeper insight into human rights norms that are presently left in a rather abstract form in international human rights documents and conventions.

I describe and defend an institutionally-driven dialogical approach that promises to systematically address these moral and cultural disagreements. My approach rests on two claims. First, clearer content for human rights norms will emerge from within particular cultures if critical cultural and moral investigation through dialogue is encouraged. By engaging in dialogical processes, we not only discharge our obligation to aid in a process that leads to a fair specification of human rights norms, but we also come to understand how human rights norms are, at their very core, participative.

Second, one way that international human rights institutions (IHRIs) can legitimately fulfill their function of supporting human rights is by encouraging critical moral investigation through dialogue. I make this proposal more concrete by discussing the case law on the issue of transsexuals that has come before the European Court of Human Rights.

Dissertation

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Robert, Jeanne. "Le dialogue des juges entre la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme et la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11938.

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Cette étude a pour but de présenter le dialogue entre les juges de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (CEDH) et de la Cour interaméricaine des droits de l’homme (CIADH), deux Cours régionales supranationales, visant toutes deux à garantir le respect des droits fondamentaux. Le dialogue est étudié à travers l’analyse du contentieux portant sur l’intégrité de la personne humaine et sur la protection des droits économiques et sociaux. Ce sujet se rattache au contexte de mondialisation qui vient transformer les relations de pouvoir et révèle l’émancipation des juges dans la régulation transgouvernementale. Le présent mémoire conclut que le dialogue vise à établir une cohérence entre les systèmes afin de faire prévaloir une vision commune des droits de l’homme à travers la constitution d’un espace euro-américain, tel un réseau d’échange informel. Néanmoins, le dialogue est limité par certains facteurs contextuels liés aux réalités contrastées des deux systèmes régionaux ainsi que par la volonté des acteurs étatiques.
This research aims to present the dialogue between judges of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) and the Inter-American Court of Human rights (IAHR). These two supranational regional courts both aim at ensuring respect for fundamental rights within their jurisdiction. The dialogue between them is analysed through the study of disputes regarding the integrity of human being and the protection of economic and social rights. This subject is greatly linked to the context of power shifts induced by globalization and reveals how judges are emancipating themselves through transgovernemental regulatory networks. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates the dialogue’s objective to establish a certain coherence between the systems and to allow a common vision of human rights to be brought forward through the constitution of an informal exchange network now known as the Euro-American interspace. However, the dialogue is restricted by many contextual factors and the contrasted realities of the two regional systems, as well as the will of state actors.

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Pace, Cristina Luísa. "Cosmopolitan EU? Minority Rights and the Management of Cultural Diversity." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/52372.

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The central purpose of this research is to investigate the main progresses in promoting European integration strategies, social cohesion and sense of belonging (both global and European citizenship) within and by the European Union, taking into account the new multicultural realities of our globalized world; promoting a new model of integration which does involve neither homogenization nor hegemonization, allowing for both protection of human rights and the preservation of cultural values. Integration is in fact considered as a key element of the European Union’s migration policy, as well as a crucial element for the future development of European societies, besides the very identity of Europe itself. To this end a comparison is made between the classic and contemporary cosmopolitan theories and the human rights theory, in order to discover if and in which way they may or should complement each other. The idea of cosmopolitanism is questioned and criticized in parallel with the classical Westphalian sovereignty model, which represented and still represents the dominant governance model of international law and relations, notwithstanding the recent rise and development of international global institutions and non-governmental actors, proposing an alternative and new model of “global governance”. I therefore analyze the relationship between two famously conflicting ideologies of human rights: universalism and cultural relativism, in their philosophical and metaethical meaning of the liberal-communitarian debate; in the historical perspective of the post cold-war scenario, which saw the rise and establishment of an international community based on a “common view and scope” and on allegedly “shared values and principles”. The main purpose here is the one of investigating whether or not those values and principles, certified and promoted by the UDHR and other important treaties and declarations since 1948, can be really considered universal and universally shared, besides all cultural differences and relativism. I consider these issues as historically and ideologically related to the actual structure of the international and European system of protection of minorities and cultural diversity, which developed on a parallel although different line. The main intention here is the one of investigating merits and faults of this system, analyzing the new concept and definition of minorities in the European Union context, the European Union competences in this field and the possible mutual cooperation between the EU and other international actors acting for the protection of minority rights. Following OHCHR indications, there is still “no internationally agreed definition as to which groups constitute a minority”, while it is always stressed the fact that the existence of a minority should be recognized as a matter of fact and that any definition must include both objective and subjective aspects (race, ethnicity, language or religion but also identity and sense of belonging). I eventually evaluate different models of integration and European mechanisms of protection of cultural diversity, suggesting a path for a new model of European integration and human rights protection. The role of both states and supranational institutions like the European Union in protecting those rights is considered as essential in this respect.

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Sabourin, Laflamme Andréane. "Pour un dialogue entre transcendance et immanence : une analyse du concept de justice chez Lévinas." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3793.

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Plusieurs critiques ont été adressées à Lévinas quant à la difficulté de conjuguer le caractère infini de la responsabilité éthique, qu’il présente comme condition de possibilité de l’expérience, et la mesure de l’obligation envers autrui qui naît inévitablement dans le politique. En effet, la distinction semble si prononcée entre l’obligation éthique transcendante envers l’autre et la logique politique, univers de sens associé à l’ontologie et présenté comme violent et immanent, que l’éthique peut apparaître compromise dès qu’elle est exprimée dans un contexte social. En réponse à ces difficultés, ce mémoire vise à démontrer qu’en dépit de leur opposition fondamentale, l’ordre éthique et l’ordre ontologico-politique font partie d’une structure unique. À la lumière de l’entrée en scène du tiers et de la nécessité de justice qui l’accompagne, l’existence d’un carrefour entre ces couches de significations distinctes, mais interdépendante, peut être illustrée. De fait, la justice constitue un concept amphibologique chez Lévinas qui, participant à la fois de l’éthique et du politique, permet de mettre au jour l’ancrage a priori social de l’éthique. Cette étude présentera des réflexions critiques reliées à la discipline juridique et aux droits de l’homme, qui démontreront comment la pensée de Lévinas non seulement peut, mais doit s’ouvrir à une expression sociale.
Many critics have been addressed to Lévinas concerning the difficulty of combining the infinite ethical responsibility, presented as the precondition of experience, and the limitation of the obligation towards the other that rise inevitably within the political. The distinction seems so stark between the transcendent ethical responsibility towards the other and the political logic, associated with the violent and immanent ontological order, that ethics can appear to be jeopardized as soon as it is expressed in a social context. This essay aims to overcome these difficulties by demonstrating that despite their fundamental opposition, the ethical order and the onto-political order are part of a unique structure. In the light of the presence of the third and of the necessity of justice that accompanies it, it is possible to prove the existence of a junction between these distinct but interdependent layers of signification. In fact, the concept of justice is an amphibological concept that at the same time is part of ethics and of politics. It shows that ethics is situated a priori in a social realm. This study will present critical reflection related to law and to human rights law that will demonstrate that Levinas’ philosophy not only can, but has to open itself to a social expression.

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Chamrádová, Adéla. "Politická a občanská práva na Kubě ve světle Dohody o politickém dialogu a spolupráci mezi Kubou a Evropskou unií." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-398696.

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8. 5. 2019 Abstract Diploma thesis Political and Civic Rights in Cuba in the light of the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement between Cuba and the European Union Adéla Chamrádová Institute of Political Science Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University 2018/2019 This diploma thesis is dealing with the compliance of human rights in Cuba related to the Political Dialogue and Cooperation Agreement that Cuba has concluded with the European Union at the end of 2016. Every EU's trade, cooperation or political dialogue agreement with third states has to contain a so-called human rights clause. This clause guarantees that both sides comply with human rights, democracy and the rule of law principles. The objective of my thesis is, therefore, to investigate if Cuba has indeed made a progress in the area of human rights under the influence of this treaty. I focus on political and civic rights, as Cuba continues to be criticized by the international community for their long-term violation. The subject of my research will be freedom of expression and thought and right to peaceful assembly and association.

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Ahmed, Farid. "Fair access to environmental justice in poor nations: case studies in Bangladesh." 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/8517.

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The thesis is about environmental values that we encounter in our everyday life. The thesis also talks about environmental justice dialogues and tensions that play in Bangladesh. The thesis, in the first place, explores how an environmental planning and resource management approach causes a particular type of environmental injustice; i.e., non-recognition of access to the decision making process of local ethnic communities, which identifies them as adivasi meaning indigenous, poses a threat to their livelihood and culture, and obstructs the process of environmental protection in Bangladesh.
The existing theories of environmental justice and four case studies conducted in Bangladesh have been used to interrogate the research findings. I argue, along with Low and Gleeson (1998) that for environmental justice, recognition of environmental needs for every entity as an ingredient of human dignity should be basis of the planning process. The research findings also suggest that , at all levels of decisions, fair access to decision, information and justice for all entities should be an integral part of environmental planning and resource management.
The thesis explores avenues for fair access to justice, meaning redress and remedy of environmental injustice, in the context of Bangladesh. I argue that capillaries of justice such as Salish, a process and institution for public interest negotiation (PIN) embedded in Bangladesh culture, can be reinvented. In addition, access to information should be a prerequisite for meaningful deliberation at all levels of decision making and dispute resolving processes.

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Vaz, Francisco Emílio Neves da Piedade. "João Paulo II e o compromisso pela paz : estudo das mensagens do dia mundial da paz." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/20281.

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As mensagens Pontifícias para comemorar o Dia Mundial da Paz têm sido, ao longo dos anos, desde que o papa Paulo VI lhes deu início em 1968, um contributo assinalável para a edificação da paz, da justiça e do desenvolvimento. As vinte e sete mensagens do papa João Paulo II constituem um valioso património teológico, ético e cultural, que indica um itinerário para uma vida plena e livre, digna duma humanidade que se quer merecer como humanidade. A dignidade do ser humano, os seus direitos fundamentais, a consciência de que o seu verdadeiro horizonte último é o transcendente, são os temas de fundo sobre os quais João Paulo II reflete nas suas mensagens para o Dia Mundial da Paz. Estes textos não perderam a sua atualidade, antes pelo contrário, guardam o propósito, no presente: sublinhar a importância da reflexão da Igreja na edificação da paz.
The Pontifical messages commemorating the World Day of Peace have been, over the years since pope Paul VI began them in 1968, a notable contribution to the building of peace, justice and development. The twenty seven messages by pope John Paul II are a valuable ethical, theological and cultural heritage, indicating an itinerary for a full and free life worthy of a humanity deserving that name. The dignity of the human beings, their fundamental rights, the awareness that his true ultimate horizon is transcendence, are the basic themes that John Paul II reflected upon in his messages for the World Day of Peace. These texts have not lost their timeliness; on the contrary, they keep their purpose in the present: stressing the importance of the Church's reflection upon the need for constructing a peaceful world.

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Dumont, Robillard Myriam. "Garantir un réel accès à la justice efficace aux travailleuses domestiques migrantes : obstacles systémiques et conceptualisation du droit - perspectives canadiennes et internationales." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10365.

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Malgré une demande croissante dans le secteur du travail domestique et un poids économique mondial considérable, les travailleuses domestiques migrantes demeurent parmi les plus précaires et les plus exploitées de la planète. Invisibles, isolées et travaillant pour des particuliers dans des résidences privées, elles échappent aux catégories traditionnelles d’emploi. Ces travailleuses se retrouvent alors à évoluer en marge du cadre légal ou encore, elles peinent à faire appliquer correctement les lois conçues pour les protéger. Ce mémoire cherche donc à analyser les manières d’envisager le droit afin de garantir un réel accès à la justice pour les travailleuses domestiques migrantes. En abordant d’abord les obstacles systémiques qui font échec à la réglementation du secteur domestique à travers le monde, cette recherche démontre une inadéquation du droit traditionnel à la réalité des travailleuses par l’analyse des effets de la réglementation canadienne qui leur est applicable. À la lumière de la récente Convention concernant le travail décent pour les travailleuses et travailleurs domestiques, ce mémoire démontre qu’une conceptualisation du droit basée sur le pluralisme juridique fournit des alternatives aux travailleuses domestiques migrantes pour accéder à la justice. Ultimement, l’empowerment de ces travailleuses par leur inclusion dans le dialogue social couplé à une réglementation adaptée à leur réalité permettra d’assurer une protection efficace de leurs droits.
In spite of an ever increasing demand in the domestic work sector and a considerable worldwide economic weight, migrant domestic workers are among the most precarious and exploited globally. Invisible, isolated and working for individuals in private residences, they fall outside the traditional work categorizations. Therefore, these women find themselves operating in margin of the legal system or, when they are protected by laws, they struggle to have those laws applied efficiently. This research will try to analyze the different ways we can consider law in order to guarantee a real and efficient access to justice to migrant domestic workers. After addressing the systemic obstacles to domestic work regulation worldwide, this research explores the inconsistency between traditional law and the reality of migrant domestic workers by analyzing the effects of the applicable Canadian regulation. In light of the recent Convention concerning decent work for domestic workers, this essay shows that a conceptualization of law based on legal pluralism offers domestic workers an alternative access to justice. Ultimately, including these workers in the social dialogue and implementing specific regulation adapted to their reality will provide them with an empowerment that will insure an effective protection of their rights.

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Ferreira, Carlos Wagner Dias. "DIÁLOGO TRANSJUDICIAL DE DIREITOS HUMANOS FUNDAMENTAIS: Sistema Único de Proteção Judicial dos Direitos Humanos Fundamentais." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/95203.

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Tese no âmbito do Doutoramento em Direito, Ramo de Direito Público, apresentada à Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra.
A presente dissertação de doutoramento trata do fenômeno do diálogo transjudicial que se realiza entre juízes e tribunais nacionais, regionais, supranacionais e internacionais no âmbito da proteção dos direitos humanos e dos direitos fundamentais. A investigação parte, em princípio, de uma análise da mudança do papel pelo qual vem passando o Estado e, por conseguinte, o Poder Judiciário, no cenário de uma comunidade global, cada vez mais dialógico, rompendo com antigos paradigmas que concebem o direito como estrutura exclusivamente normativa, calcada em sua unidade e no perfil hierárquico, e, em seu lugar, busca construir uma concepção de direito produzido por juízes e tribunais que procura harmonizar o atual pluralismo de fontes e de narrativas normativas, oriundas de constituições e tratados e convenções internacionais de direitos humanos, e que possua uma feição heterárquica, à luz de um constitucionalismo global. Este trabalho utiliza como uma das matrizes filosófico-sociológicas o pensamento sistêmico de Niklas Luhmann, especialmente para explicar a relação entre decisões judiciais que sucedem no tempo no processo de incorporação de sentidos e de elementos de interpretação. Uma das preocupações do estudo consiste em edificar uma teoria geral do diálogo transjudicial de direitos humanos e de direitos fundamentais que demarque o que significa esse processo dialógico e de que forma ocorre, diferenciando-o de outras figuras afins, como o direito comparado e várias outras teorias de compatibilização entre o direito interno e o direito internacional. A teoria propugnada colima permitir o livre trânsito de sentidos e interpretações entre juízes e tribunais num único sistema de proteção, sem que seja necessário procedimentos formais de internalização de tratados e convenções internacionais ou mesmo de reconhecimento de status normativo de textos estrangeiros. O processo por meio do qual se desencadeia o diálogo transjudicial torna praticamente estéril a distinção entre direitos humanos e direitos fundamentais e entre sistemas nacionais, regionais, supranacionais e internacionais dos direitos do homem, podendo-se falar na existência de um verdadeiro sistema único e aberto de proteção de direitos humanos fundamentais. Esse diálogo transjudicial operacionaliza-se mediante processos de adoção do precedente dialogando como pressuposto argumentativo sintético (premissa decisória) que se incorpora à decisão dialogada, de análise argumentativa de fatos e aspectos jurídicos que diferencie (distinguishing) o caso dialogado submetido à apreciação do precedente apontado como paradigma decisório (diferenciação) ou do alargamento do âmbito aplicativo-normativo do precedente dialogando a incidir em um caso concreto, com base no raciocínio analógico (analogia). Os liames que se estabelecem entre os juízes e tribunais nacionais e internacionais, sobretudo entre as cortes regionais de proteção de direitos humanos, vêm conduzindo a formação de uma rede sistêmica que produz a incorporação circular de sentidos, de modo que as interpretações formam novos sentidos em um típico movimento circular entre as cortes dialogandas em um contínuo processo de enriquecimento e aprendizado na proteção dos direitos humanos fundamentais. Esse processo de diálogo transjudicial, ainda que obrigatório, não leva necessariamente à uniformização e homogeneização de entendimentos entre todos os tribunais dialogandos, porém acaba, nessa busca constante de aprimoramento interpretativo, fortalecendo a proteção dos direitos humanos fundamentais no plano dos tribunais nacionais.
The doctoral dissertation herein deals with the transjudicial dialogue phenomenon that takes place among national, regional, supranational and international judges and courts regarding the protection of human rights and fundamental rights. The investigation starts, in principle, from an analysis of the undergoing changing in the State role and, therefore, the Judiciary role, in the context of an increasingly dialogical global community, breaking old paradigms that conceive the law as exclusively normative structure, based on its unity and hierarchical profile, and instead seeks to build a conception of law produced by judges and courts that seeks to harmonize the current pluralism of normative sources and narratives, derived from constitutions and treaties and international human rights conventions, and has a heterarchic feature in the light of a global constitutionalism. This work uses as one of the philosophical-sociological matrices Niklas Luhmann's systemic thinking, especially to explain the relationship between judicial decisions that succeed in time in the process of meanings incorporation and elements of interpretation. One of the study's concerns is to build a general theory of transjudicial dialogue on human rights and fundamental rights that outlines what this dialogical process means and how it takes place, differentiating it from other similar figures, such as comparative law and several others compatibility theories between domestic and international law. The proposed theory collimates to allow the free movement of meanings and interpretations among judges and courts in a single system of protection, without the need for formal procedures of internalization of international treaties and conventions or even recognition of the normative status of foreign texts. The process whereby transjudicial dialogue is triggered makes the distinction between human rights and fundamental rights and among national, regional, supranational and international human rights systems practically sterile, and one can speak of the existence of a truly open and single protection system of fundamental human rights. This transjudicial dialogue is operationalized by adoption processes of the precedent dialoguing as a synthetic argumentative assumption (decision premise) that incorporates into the dialogued decision, argumentative analysis of facts and legal aspects that differentiates (distinguishing) the dialogued case submitted to the appreciation of the precedent pointed out as a decision-making paradigm (differentiation) or the widening of the applicative-normative scope of the precedent dialoguing to focus on a concrete case, based on analogical reasoning (analogy). The links among national and international judges and courts, especially regional human rights protection courts, have led to the formation of a systemic network that produces circular incorporation of meanings, so that interpretations form new meanings in a typical circular movement among the dialogical courts in a continuous enrichment and learning process in the protection of fundamental human rights. This process of transjudicial dialogue, although mandatory, does not necessarily lead to the standardization and homogenization of understandings among all dialoguing courts, but culminates in this constant search for interpretative improvement, strengthening the protection of fundamental human rights at the national courts level.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human rights dialgue'

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