Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human rights consulting

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Human rights consulting'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Human rights consulting"

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Creel, Eileen L., and Jennifer C. Robinson. "Ethics in independent nurse consulting: Strategies for avoiding ethical quicksand." Nursing Ethics 17, no. 6 (November 2010): 769–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733010379179.

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Changes in health care have created a variety of new roles and opportunities for nurses in advanced practice. One of these changes is the increasing number of advanced practice nurses carrying out independent consultation. Differences in goals between business and health care may create ethical dilemmas for nurse consultants. The purpose of this article is to describe possible ethical pitfalls that nurse consultants may encounter and strategies to prevent or solve these dilemmas. Three themes related to nursing codes of ethics will be discussed: the duty to uphold human rights, the duty to fulfill commitments, and the duty to practice the profession competently.
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Richter, Ansgar, and Katrin Schröder. "Determinants and performance effects of the allocation of ownership rights in consulting firms." Journal of Organizational Behavior 29, no. 8 (November 2008): 1049–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.555.

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Friedman, Elisabeth Jay. "Constructing “The Same Rights with the Same Names”: The Impact of Spanish Norm Diffusion on Marriage Equality in Argentina." Latin American Politics and Society 54, no. 4 (2012): 29–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2012.00171.x.

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AbstractThis article argues that Spain has been the driving external force in the advancement of LGBT rights in Latin America, from marriage in Argentina to the regional recognition of “sexual diversity rights” as human rights. Acting as “norm entrepreneurs,” Spanish activists and organizations, relying on development aid, have promoted their perspectives through two approaches: strategic consulting and resource transfer. Their diffusion is illustrated primarily by the Argentine case. There, activists underwritten by Spanish resources have borrowed Spanish strategies to achieve “the same rights with the same names.” Besides broadening our understanding of the struggle for LGBT equality in Latin America, this article deepens the explanation of norm diffusion, focusing on emergence. In this stage, specific individuals and organizations deliberately select appropriate “targets” for and moments of intervention. But norm “receptors” must also be ready for action.
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Azmi M., Ulul. "Penerapan Undang Undang Otonomi Daerah No. 32 Tahun 2004 Jo Perda No. 7 Tahun 2006 di Waru Sidoarjo." al-Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2013): 214–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/ad.2013.3.1.214-240.

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Abstract: This article is a field research on the application of the Regional Autonomy Law No. 32 year 2004, jo PERDA (Regional Regulation) No. 7 year 2006 about the local government in Waru-Sidoarjo. The research was conducted by interviewing some people from four villages, namely Ngingas, Kepuh Kiriman, Tambak Oso, and Tambak Rejo. The research concludes that the community of the four villages had been carrying out the mandate of the Regional Autonomy Law No. 32 year 2004, jo PERDA (Regional Regulation) No. 7 year 2006. However, the compliance in carrying out the law is not based on their legal awareness. It is because there are some laws that are considered as discrimination and murder of the rights of individuals, including the prohibition of the village government to take charge of the political party (consulting / comparative study) ". It can, of course, kill the principles of human rights and democracy, whereas the legislation itself gives respect to the principles of democracy and human rights. The principles to be considered in formulating constitution is the guarantee of human rights of each member of society and the equality of all people before the law without any distinctions of social statification.Keywords: Implementation, regional autonomy law, Waru
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Galderisi, S. "Conceptual Aspects of Mental Health in its Intersection with Human Rights and Development." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.075.

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IntroductionImproving mental health of people is an important goal of the present millennium. Community-based services programs for prevention of mental disorders and promotion of mental health have been implemented in several countries. However, the proportion of people suffering from mental disorders is significantly and persistently high, and psychosocial distress due to migration, natural disasters, and terrorism; in general, feeling of insecurity is unlikely to improve current figures.AimsTo highlight the interrelatedness of mental health, development and human rights, in particular in women and girls.MethodsThe presentation will consider conceptual aspects of mental health in its intersection with human rights and development, with particular reference to women and girls.ResultsCurrent definitions of mental health might be misleading and convey the false expectation that mental health coincides with happiness and productivity. An alternative conceptual framework will be presented, in which mental health is a dynamic state of internal equilibrium that enables individuals to use their abilities in harmony with universal values of society. Different factors concur to the dynamic equilibrium, and will be discussed in their intersection with human rights and development, with particular reference to the most frequent violations of human rights (e.g. trafficking, domestic abuse, sexual violence) that contribute to increase the risk of mental disorders in women and girls.ConclusionMental health is rooted in personal development and social context in which the person lives. Strategies aimed to address mental health in women and girls will need to consider gender, country and socio-cultural specificities.Disclosure of interestHonoraria or Advisory board/consulting fees from the following companies: Lundbeck, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Hoffman-La Roche, Angelini-Acraf, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre and Gedeon-Richter.
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Przyłuska-Fiszer, Alicja. "Etyczne podstawy kontroli genetycznej." Etyka 23 (December 1, 1988): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14394/etyka.328.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine some beliefs about the ethical justification of negative eugenics, i.e. a policy of limiting the frequency of childbearing by women prone to give birth to children with genetic defects. The main thrust of the paper is to define and defend of a particular duty v i s – á – v i s the future generations, viz. the duty to provide the future persons with healthy genetic endowment. In the first part of the paper the concept of the ‘obligation to future generation’ is considered. In the second part the putative right of children to acquire healthy genetic endowment is critically assessed from the moral point of view. The author focuses on important reservations concerning moral rights of not even potentially existing persona and the subsequent difficulty in establishing when such rights are infringed. The last part of the paper deals with the possibility of justifying our moral obligations to the future generations by consulting our direct moral duties, and bypassing the controversial issues of the rights of non-existent persons. The author concludes: one of the most credible methods of justifying the objectives of negative eugenics is the acceptance of the depersonalized version of the utilitarian principle (also called globally conceived principle of utility) which stipulates that the sum of pain in the world be minimized and the sum of happiness be maximized. In the same vein the traditional concept of the ‘sanctity’ of human life should be revised in the light of the principle that human life presupposes consciousness and dignity. When these two assumptions are made, it can be shown that due to the application of genetic control the future generations will live a happier life and suffer from fewer diseases than they would if we decided to ban genetic control.
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Kujirakwinja, D., A. J. Plumptre, A. Twendilonge, G. Mitamba, L. Mubalama, J. D. D. Wasso, O. Kisumbu, et al. "Establishing the Itombwe Natural Reserve: science, participatory consultations and zoning." Oryx 53, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001478.

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AbstractBiological surveys starting in the 1950s provided clear evidence that the Itombwe Massif, located in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, is one of the most important areas for conservation in Africa. Further surveys in the mid 1990s and early 2000s showed key species were still present and could be conserved. Following a report on these surveys the Ministry of Environment established the Itombwe Reserve in 2006 without consulting local communities who have legitimate customary rights to reside within the area and use the region's natural resources. Although creating the Reserve was within the government's legal authority, its establishment violated the rights of the people there. Here we report over a decade of work by a consortium of international and national human rights and conservation NGOs, the local communities and the protected areas authority (Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature), to remediate this taking of customary rights. Starting in 2008 these partners began a participatory process with all 550 villages within and around the boundary of the Reserve. Using a community resource use mapping approach, developed from best practices, the team helped communities determine the boundary of the Reserve, and then pilot participatory zoning to identify zones for settlements, agriculture, hunting, gathering of non-timber forest products, and conservation. This process secured the customary rights of long-term residents in the Reserve and protected their lands from being taken by non-rights holders. As a result of this work the use rights of communities were largely restored and the communities agreed on 23 June 2016 to formalize the boundaries of the renamed Itombwe Nature Reserve.
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Stover, Eric, Miranda Sissons, Phuong Pham, and Patrick Vinck. "Justice on hold: accountability and social reconstruction in Iraq." International Review of the Red Cross 90, no. 869 (March 2008): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383108000064.

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AbstractHaving invaded Iraq without UN Security Council authorization, the United States was unable to convince many countries to take a meaningful role in helping Iraq deal with its violent past. Always insisting that it would “go it alone”, the United States implemented accountability measures without properly consulting the Iraqi people. Nor did the United States access assistance from the United Nations and international human rights organizations, all of which possess considerable knowledge and experience of a wide range of transitional justice mechanisms. In the end, the accountability measures introduced by the Americans either backfired or were hopelessly flawed. What are needed in Iraq are a secure environment and a legitimate authority to implement a comprehensive transitional justice strategy that reflects the needs and priorities of a wide range of Iraqis. Such a strategy should contain several measures, including prosecutions, reparations, a balanced approach to vetting, truth-seeking mechanisms and institutional reform.
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Boda, Dorottya, and László Neumann. "Social dialogue in Hungary and its influence on EU accession." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 6, no. 3 (August 2000): 416–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890000600307.

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The paper reviews the positions of the Hungarian social partners on the labour issues relating to EU accession. In addition to the topics dealt with in the 'Social Policy and Employment' chapter in the accession negotiations, the paper also discusses unions' and employers'views on labour migration, as well as how the adaptation of EU regulations in various sectors is likely to affect employment prospects. The paper argues that, on the one hand, social dialogue on EU accession can become more meaningful if employers and unions develop a co-ordinated strategy. On the other hand, appropriate back-up by experts is also required, because social partners ought to influence the complex system of negotiations being conducted, by experts of both the EU Commission and the Hungarian government, behind the scenes of high-level political negotiations. The authors also analyse the operation of social dialogue fora dedicated to EU accession issues. Hungary was the first East European candidate country to establish a joint committee with the Economic and Social Council (ESC), and within the country labour-related issues of accession have been delegated to the newly founded European Integration Council. In these fora the behaviour of trade unions is largely a consequence of the frustration over the fact that the current right-wing coalition government does not wish to go any further than formally observe the unions' consulting rights on major issues. At the same time organisational weakness and internal divisions still exist on the trade union side.
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TARASOVA, MARIA, and IVAN SMIRNOV. "HISTORY OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC SUPERVISORY COMMISSIONS." History and modern perspectives 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2020-2-3-71-78.

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The article deals with the historical aspects of the formation and key periods of development of public monitoring commissions. Consideration of the topic of this article through the prism of events that highlight the prerequisites for the formation of a system of public control, allowed the authors both to identify systematic difficulties faced by individuals who joined human rights organizations, and to formulate specific proposals, the application of which in practice can be indispensable for improving the activities of public monitoring commissions at the current stage of their development. The content of the article reveals historical facts that played an important role in the formation of public monitoring commissions, mainly as a human rights institution of public observers. The authors note some persons who are interested in creating a system of public control that can provide both consulting and financial assistance not only to representatives of penitentiary institutions, but also to citizens held in them. The article allows you to clearly present the chronology of events that are elements of the Foundation of modern human rights organizations, including a description of situations that affected the performance of members of public monitoring commissions in various time periods. The authors attribute the dynamics of the relevance of the functions of public control to various circumstances, including the emergence of the Gulag, which became the main stumbling block in the development of public monitoring commissions at the end of the second half of the XX century. The article also highlights the stages of forming the next composition of public monitoring commissions, provides indicators that characterize not only the number of their members in the subjects of the Russian Federation and members of such commissions, but also the number of visits to places of forced detention, verification activities, complaints and applications considered, legal consultations, etc. In addition, the authors analyzed the activities of human rights organizations that are active in some regions of the Russian Federation, which revealed the specifics of the implementation of certain rights of citizens, including those who are in prison. The use of a systematic approach to the study of the historical aspect of the creation of public monitoring commissions and the analysis of the organization of work of their members allowed the authors to identify certain problems of theoretical and practical significance, as well as to suggest ways to solve them.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human rights consulting"

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Chambers, Angela, and not supplied. "Human rights - education and implementation in a commercial organisation." RMIT University. Management, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070207.163032.

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This case study explored the process of incorporating human rights into the operation of an international commercial organisation. Constructing a dialogue to bridge the gap between human rights discourse and commercial realities, this case study identified the unique roles required to develop dialogue and created a model as a diagnostic and educational tool. The roles specific to human rights consulting, of interpreter, Champoin and Enabler afforded effective penetration into the participating industry partner's operational levels. These roles emerged from the process of constructing a human rights discourse and tensions therein where the existing theory of organisational change and consulting was found to be inadequate for human rights intervention. Based on the data of industry partner's existing practices and human rights concerns and on the process of collecting and analysing this data, the model for education and implementation was constructed. It is a flexible tool for examining human rights practices from bottom up as well as top down of an organisation. This research showed that having a comprehensive picture of the complexities involved sas an effective method of exploration and making sense of human rights education and implementation in a multinational industrial setting. The construction of the roles and of the model relied on the central premise of willingness of a multinational corporation to examine its practices and take an autonomous position of corporate citizenship and responsibility. This was consistent with the participatory research design of the study. Theretically this research challenges the appropriateness of traditional organisational change concepts when dealing with human rights; provides a diagnostic and educational tool for human rights consulting; and points to further research in this area.
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Sagüés, Néstor Pedro. "The advisory opinion of the Interamerican Court in the conventionality control." IUS ET VERITAS, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122881.

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This article discusses the conventionality control according to the jurisprudence of the interamerican Court of Human rights. Particularly, the author analyzes whether advisory opinions, like judgments, constitute the “controlling material” of the conventionality control. in this way, the author presents and discusses theses derived from the referred jurisprudence, to conclude that the interpretative guidelines contained in advisory opinions of the interamerican Court of Human rights constitute the “controlling material” under certain circumstances.
El presente artículo aborda el control de convencionalidad según la jurisprudencia emitida por la Corte interamericana de Derechos Humanos. En particular, el autor se detiene a analizar si las opiniones consultivas, al igual que una sentencia, pueden constituir el “material controlante” del control de convencionalidad. De esta forma, el autor expone y examina las principales tesis que se derivan de la referida jurisprudencia, para concluir los lineamientos interpretativos contenidos en opiniones consultivas de la Corte interamericana de Derechos Humanos valen como el “material controlante” bajo ciertas circunstancias.
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Kalaitzidis, Evdokia. "professional ethics for professional nursing." 2006. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/30081.

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The thesis proposes and defends a maxim which can serve as a foundation and guideline for professional ethics in nursing, the maxim that nurses should act so far as possible to promote patient's self-determination. The thesis is informed by philosophical ethics and by knowledge of professional nursing practice.
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Books on the topic "Human rights consulting"

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Institute, Interamerican Children's. Condición jurídica y derechos humanos del niño: Opinión Consultiva OC-17/2002. Montevideo, Uruguay: Instituto Interamericano del Niño, 2003.

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Daniel, Zovatto G., and Inter-American Court of Human Rights., eds. La función consultiva de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: Naturaleza y principios, 1982-1987. [San José, Costa Rica]: Instituto Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, 1989.

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Rights, Inter-American Court of Human. Opinión Consultiva OC-7/86 del 29 de agosto de 1986: Exigibilidad del derecho de rectificacion o respuesta (Arts. 14.1, 1.1 y 2) Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. San José, Costa Rica: Secretaría de la Corte = Secretariat of the Court, 1986.

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Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Opinión consultiva OC-6/86 del 9 de mayo de 1986: La expresion "leyes" en el articulo 30 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. San José, Costa Rica: Secretaría de la Corte = Secretariat of the Court, 1986.

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Rights, Inter-American Court of Human. La expresión "Leyes" en el artículo 30 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos: Opinión consultiva OC-6/86 del 9 de mayo de 1986 = The word "Laws" in article 30 of the American Convention on Human Rights : Advisory opinion OC-6/86 of May 9, 1986. San José, Costa Rica: Secretaría de la Corte, 1986.

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Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Opinion consultiva OC-10/89 del 14 de julio de 1989: Interpretacion de la Declaración americana de los derechos y deberes del hombre en el marco del articulo 64 de la Convención americana sobre derechos humanos. San José, Costa Rica: Secretaria de la Corte, 1990.

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Rights, Inter-American Court of Human. Opinion consultiva OC-5/85 del 13 de noviembre de 1985: La colegiación obligatoria de periodistas (arts. 13 y 29 Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos). San José, Costa Rica: Secretaría de la Corte = Secretariat of the Court, 1985.

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Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Exigibilidad del derecho de rectificación o respuesta (Arts. 14.1, 1.1 y 2) Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos: Opinión Consultiva OC-7/86 del 29 de agosto de 1986 = Enforceability of the right to reply or correction (Arts. 14(1), 1(1) and 2 American Convention on Human Rights : advisory opinion OC-7/86 of August 29, 1986. San José, Costa Rica: Secretaría de la Corte, 1986.

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Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Opinión consultiva OC-8/87 del 30 de enero de 1987: El hábeas corpus bajo suspensión de garantías (arts. 27.2, 25.1 y 7.6 Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos). San José, Costa Rica: Secretaria de la Corte, 1987.

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Inter-American Court of Human Rights. La colegiacíon obligatoria de periodistas (Arts. 13 y 29 Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos): Opinión Consultiva OC-5/85 del 13 de noviembre de 1985 = Compulsory membership in an association prescribed by law for the practice of journalism (Arts.13 and 29 American Convention on Human Rights) : advisory opinion OC-5/85 of November 13, 1985. San José, Costa Rica: Secretaría de la Corte, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human rights consulting"

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Thorsen, Sune Skadegaard, Troels Børrild, and Kamilla Vejergang Lembcke. "Human rights informing social impact assessments." In Consulting for Business Sustainability, 86–104. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351279482-6.

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Metcalfe, David, and Harveer Dev. "Patient Focus." In Oxford Assess and Progress: Situational Judgement Test. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805809.003.0023.

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As a junior doctor, you are constantly pulled in different directions by multiple competing interests. These include those of your immediate bosses (possibly multiple consultants, a registrar, and an SHO), Educational Supervisors (Clinical Supervisor, Foundation Programme Director), fellow FY1 doctors, other healthcare professionals (nurses, physiotherapists), ancillary services (laboratory, radiology), patients’ relatives, representatives of the Trust (infection control, human resources, information technology), and many others. In amongst all of these is a patient, if not many, for whom all of these individuals are also working. It will not come as a surprise that Good Medical Practice (2013) states early on that you must ‘make the care of your patient your first concern’ and ‘treat patients as individuals and respect their dignity’. In addition, Good Medical Practice requires that you: ● listen to, and respond to, their concerns and preferences ● give patients the information they want or need in a way they can understand ● respect patients’ right to reach decisions with you about their treatment and care ● support patients in caring for themselves to improve and maintain their health. One challenge is when patients reach decisions that are contrary to the best available medical advice. The archetypal case in point is that of a Jehovah’s Witness at risk of life- threatening haemorrhage but refusing a blood transfusion. In such cases, remember that: ● you should never assume what someone’s beliefs are just because they come bearing a particular religious label. It is always right to ask the patient what they believe and what they will accept under different circumstances. For example, some Jehovah’s Witnesses will accept cell salvage and some blood substitutes ● seek advice early, particularly if the stakes are high (e.g. active bleeding). Your own seniors (SpR, consultant, etc.) and the on- call haematology team are good places to start. They may direct you to other resources that you might contact (with the patient’s consent) such as the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Hospital Liaison Committee ● document all conversations (with the patient and colleagues) carefully ● ultimately, an adult patient with capacity has the right to refuse treatments— however much you disagree and even if this ultimately results in their death.
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Warger, W. C., M. J. Gora, C. I. Unglert, B. E. Bouma, and G. J. Tearney. "Optical Coherence Tomography*Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) has patent licensing arrangements with Terumo Corporation and NinePoint Medical. Dr. Tearney has the right to receive licensing income from these licensing agreements. Dr. Tearney receives consulting income from Samsung and NinePoint Medical. Dr. Tearney receives sponsored research from Air Liquide, Canon, iLumen, NinePoint Medical, and Samsung. Brett Bouma is an inventor of patents, owned by MIT and MGH, that are licensed to LightLab Imaging, Terumo Corporation, NinePoint Medical, and Nidek Corporation, for which he receives royalty payments. Brett also has sponsored research from Terumo Corporation and NinePoint Medical. Bill Warger is an employee at Thorlabs where he conducts prototype testing prior to the release of catalog products and software including the swept-source and spectral-domain OCT systems.☆." In Pathobiology of Human Disease, 3859–89. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-386456-7.07602-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human rights consulting"

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Dammacco, Gaetano. "LEGAL RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CORONAVIRUS AND RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS FREEDOM." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.51.

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The current pandemic has created new scenarios and problems regarding religious freedom. To combat the spread of the coronavirus, governments have ordered social distance and total closure of numerous activities including the celebration of sacred rites without consulting religious authorities. Religions have accepted the restrictions with a sense of responsibility, but the sacrifice of religious freedom for the faithful has been great. In addition, the effects of the pandemic together with the negative effects of globalization will continue over time, generating economic and social damage. In addition to prayer, religions have invited the faithful to a social commitment to reduce the critical issues of the crisis and specially to combat poverty. It is therefore necessary to analyze some topics: critical issues relating to the limitation of the right to religious freedom; what problems arise in the relations between powers (civil and religious); what problems arise in relations between state and religions; how the constitutional rights of the faithful and citizens are protected; what are the legal problems internal to the different religions, considering that the judgment on the validity of online rites is different; what is the role of religions in the face of the economic crisis. For the first time since the beginning of the human rights era, there has been a serious conflict between human rights, especially for the greater protection given to the right to health. The right to religious freedom also suffered, but it must be considered that the protection of the right to religious freedom also contributes to the recovery of a „good” economy, which can counteract the negative effects of the pandemic and globalization. We must build a personalist humanism, which the alliance between religions can promote. A humanism that respects the rights and dignity of man, against the logic of profit, and that rewrites the ethical rules of the economy. Looking at the post-pandemic, religions can be the soul of the ethical and moral rules that must guide the „good economy” in society to overcome social and economic differences.
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Carnicero, Martin. "A Rating Method for Assessment Risk at River Crossings." In ASME 2013 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2013-1923.

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Detailed studies performed to design works at river crossings provide all the information needed to asses hydro technical hazards. TGN performed such studies for critical rivers as part of its Integrity Management Program. By monitoring performance of remediation works, experience was built throughout 10 years comprising different hydrological years. This was the base for the development of a simpler methodology aimed at assessing risk using information that can be readily available in regions such as Latin America where the existence of gaging stations and historic records at most rivers are not common. The method is based in river geomorphology, summarized with two parameters: area of drainage basin area and river slope at the crossing. They characterized the type of problems that can be expected and they can be estimated from topographic maps or digital terrain models available from the internet. The rating method follows a basic structure consisting in the product of two factors: causes and consequences. Causes include: bank erosion, river bed scour, meanders and river diversion along the right of way. Then, increasing factors are applied accounting for deforestation, land use and the occurrence of debris flows; decreasing factors consider proper remediation works, design and construction aspects implemented during construction. Finally, consequences are focused at loss of human life, impact on the environment, and interruption of fluid transport. This method is aimed to be performed by a pipeline operator that can have a good feeling of problems related to rivers, without having the technical knowledge of a specialized consultant. While rating, subjective judgment still plays an important role. However, this methodology provides a systematic approach that includes all aspects affecting river crossings, allows for prioritizing works based on rates and, as new rivers are included from new watersheds, it can be improved as prediction and characterization tool.
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