Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human rights – Canada

Academic literature on the topic 'Human rights – Canada'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Human rights – Canada"

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De Merieux, Margaret. "Extradition as the Violation of Human Rights. The Jurisprudence of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 14, no. 1 (March 1996): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405199601400103.

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The decision of the Human Rights Committee in Kindler vs. Canada1 marked its first substantive decision on the subject of the violation of human rights under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) consequent upon extradition by a State Party, and making the extradition itself a violation of Covenant obligations. Two cases have followed — Chitat Ng vs. Canada2 and Cox vs. Canada.3 The requesting State in all cases was the United States and given the increase in the numbers of requests for extradition between Canada and that country, from 29 in 1980 to 88 in 1992 and the enthusiasm of Canadian lawyers for proceedings before the Committee, ‘litigation’ in this area is likely to form a significant part of the Committee's work in the future. The ensuing comment analyses the decisions and the issues raised.
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Savage, Larry. "Workers' Rights as Human Rights." Labor Studies Journal 34, no. 1 (January 5, 2009): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x08328889.

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In the wake of a series of prolabor Supreme Court decisions in Canada, the mantra of “workers' rights as human rights” has gained unprecedented attention in the Canadian labor movement. This article briefly reviews the Canadian labor movement's recent history with the Supreme Court before arguing that elite-driven judicial strategies, advocated by several academics and Canadian unions, threaten, over time, to depoliticize traditional class-based approaches to advancing workers' rights. The argument is premised on the notion that liberal human rights discourse does little to address the inequalities in wealth and power that polarize Canadian society along class lines.
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Webster, David. "Canada and bilateral human rights dialogues." Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 16, no. 3 (October 2010): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2010.9687319.

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Yalden, Maxwell, and Evelyn Kallen. "Ethnicity and Human Rights in Canada." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 21, no. 4 (December 1995): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551353.

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Clément, Dominique. "Renewing Human Rights Law in Canada." Osgoode Hall Law Journal 54, no. 4 (October 13, 2017): 1311–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.60082/2817-5069.3191.

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Cohen, Miriam, and Martin-Olivier Dagenais. "The Implementation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Canada: Between Utopia and Reality." Constitutional Review 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/consrev712.

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Canada has been at the forefront of the recognition of human rights, including economic, social and cultural rights (ESC rights) in the international scene. As a party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,1 Canada has, over the years, implemented in legislation and case-law some ESC rights such as the right to health, education and social welfare.While ESC rights were not explicitly identified in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms,2 which forms part of the Canadian Constitution, ESC rights in different forms have received some protection in the Canadian legal order. An analysis of the Canadian record with respect to ESC rights demonstrates the immense gap between a glorified image of Canada as an international human rights proponent (the ‘utopia’) and the actual implementation of internationally recognized human rights in Canada (the ‘reality’). As Canada is bound to face major transformational changes to its economy and social fabric in the years to come, the Courts will have to adapt quickly and efficiently to ensure a smooth transition. This paper overviews the evolution of the case-law on ESC rights in Canada in light of its international obligations, and suggests, the relevant ESC rights jurisprudence signals a disconnect with Canada’s international obligation ‘requiring progressive implementation to the maximum of available resources by all appropriate means.’
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Schabas, William A. "Canadian Ratification of the American Convention on Human Rights." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 16, no. 3 (September 1998): 315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/092405199801600304.

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When Canada joined the Organisation of American States in 1990, it promised that it would ratify the American Convention on Human Rights in short order. Eight year later, Canada has still not taken this step. Although the provisions of the Convention largely reflect those of other human rights treaties, to which Canada is a party, a few serious and several rather petty objections have been raised to certain provisions. The most important concerns the right to life text, which suggests limits on the possibility of legalising abortion. But on this point, and others, Canada may enter reservations to the Convention. Although this solution is not ideal, in the long run it is less damaging to Canada's human rights profile, and to the health of the inter-American system, than the continued refusal to participate in Convention system.
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Adams, Eric M. "Human rights at work: Physical standards for employment and human rights law." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 41, no. 6 (Suppl. 2) (June 2016): S63—S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0552.

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This review focuses on the human rights dimensions of creating and implementing physical standards for employment for prospective and incumbent employees. The review argues that physical standards for employment engage two fundamental legal concepts of employment law: freedom of contract and workplace human rights. While the former promotes an employer’s right to set workplace standards and make decisions of whom to hire and terminate, the latter prevents employers from discriminating against individuals contrary to human rights legislation. With reference to applicable human rights legislative regimes and their judicial interpretation in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, this review demonstrates the judicial preference for criterion validation in testing mechanisms in the finding of bona fide occupational requirements. With particular attention to the Supreme Court of Canada decision in Meiorin, this review argues that an effective balance between workplace safety and human rights concerns can be found, not in applying different standards to different groups of individuals, but in an approach that holds employers to demonstrating a sufficient connection between a uniform physical standard of employment and the actual minimum requirements to perform the job safety and efficiently. Combined with an employer’s duty to accommodate, such an approach to lawful physical standards for employment conceives of worker and public safety and workplace diversity as emanating from a shared concern for human rights.
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St-Hilaire, Maxime, and Marie-Lou Laprise. "The codification of human rights in Canada." Revue de droit. Université de Sherbrooke 42, no. 3 (2012): 505–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17118/11143/10280.

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Mole, Stuart. "Editorial: Canada, the Commonwealth and Human Rights." Round Table 103, no. 3 (May 4, 2014): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2014.920588.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human rights – Canada"

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Tran, Luan-Vu N. "Human rights and federalism in Canada, two solitudes?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0025/NQ51622.pdf.

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Tran, Luan-Vu N. 1968. "Human rights and federalism in canada : two solitudes?" Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35968.

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Fundamental rights have been traditionally understood as prohibitions of state interference with the private affairs of citizens. Classic liberalism views human freedom generally as the absence of governmental restrictions, maintaining that happiness, prosperity and progress can be achieved only by limiting government.
The dissertation challenges these traditional assumptions by showing that the protection of fundamental rights depends on both restraint and intervention of the state. Therefore, the realization of freedom, equality and justice should not be left to market forces but requires active governmental participation. The state assumes positive as well as negative obligations under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This means that governmental authorities, legislatures and courts must respect, protect and promote Charter guarantees. The Charter makes space for economic, social and cultural fights, which presuppose a cooperative and dialogical relationship between the three governmental branches (executive, legislative, and judicial bodies).
The thesis also grapples with another issue in the current Canadian constitutional debate. It is widely believed that federalism is antagonistic to liberal values, in particular the guarantees of the Charter; that the nature and purpose of the Charter imply a superior role of Ottawa vis-a-vis the provinces because cultural diversity and decentralization of power undermine its effectiveness. The dissertation recasts the debate and proposes ways to reconcile human rights with federalism and its underlying objective---the preservation of cultural diversity. It offers an analytical framework that allows us to view fundamental rights and cultural pluralism as interdependent and indivisible values protected by the Canadian Constitution.
The thesis concludes with a proposal for a multicultural interpretation of the Charter on the basis of which cultural differences can be identified and accommodated. It stipulates that a pluralistic constitutional discourse is possible insofar as the Charter is seen as a document establishing substantive and institutional conditions for Canadians to engage in deliberative democracy and, thereby facilitating communicative actions by citizens from all walks of life.
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Rosen, Desa. "Socio-economic rights as constitutional human rights : Canada, India and South Africa." Thesis, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429140.

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Lambertson, Ross. "Activists in the age of rights the struggle for human rights in Canada, 1945-1960 /." Thesis, Connect to this title online, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37352.pdf.

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De, Gruchy Philip R. "Study of Amnesty International, a worldwide movement to defend human rights." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21533.pdf.

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Lambertson, Ross. "Activists in the age of rights, the struggle for human rights in Canada, 1945-1960." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37352.pdf.

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Deziel, Julie. "The effectiveness of mandatory minimum sentences a comparative study of Canada and South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4690.

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Kellett, Ken. "Bilateral aid in Canada's foreign policy : the human rights rhetoric-practice gap." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Political Science, c2013, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3298.

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Successive Canadian federal governments have officially indicated their support of human rights in foreign policy, including as they relate to aid-giving. This thesis quantitatively tests this rhetoric with the actual practice of bilateral aid-giving in two time periods – 1998-2000 and 2007-2009. This, however, revealed that Canada has actually tended to give more bilateral aid to countries with poorer human rights records. A deeper quantitative analysis identifies certain multilateral memberships – notably with the Commonwealth, NATO, and OECD – and the geo-political and domestic considerations of Haiti as significant and confirms a recipient state’s human rights performance is not a consideration. These multilateral relationships reflect state self-interests, historical connections, security, and a normative commitment to poverty reduction. It is these factors that those promoting a human rights agenda need to contemplate if recipient state performance is to become relevant in bilateral aid decisions. Thus, it is necessary to turn to international relations theory, in particular liberal institutionalism, to explain Canada’s bilateral aid-giving in these periods.
vi, 141 leaves ; 29 cm
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Krasnick, Harry. "English as a second language problem in the Canadian charter of rights and freedoms." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27666.

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A research project was designed to identify and analyze the issues which are involved in guaranteeing the equal protection of the law in Canada with respect to the right to be informed of the right to counsel upon detention or arrest and the right to the assistance of an interpreter in legal proceedings in the case of non-native speakers of English. A comparative, multidisciplinary study design allowed the differences among social science views, practitioners' commonsensical knowledge, and legal viewpoints as expressed in reported judgements to be identified. Each of the three sources of viewpoints on cross-cultural interrogation and courtroom interaction was examined with a view to determining the range of phenomena recognized. The study did not attempt to evaluate the social science studies on their own terms, measure the distribution of commonsense knowledge among practitioners, or determine the state of the law on any particular point. The goal was rather to compare the breadth of the legal system's vision with that of social scientists and practitioners, in order to determine whether there will be a need to supplement the court's view. The results suggested that court interpreters vary greatly in their overall competence, including language ability, and in their understanding of what their role is. Training and certification of court interpreters appears to be the only solution which will satisfy the constitutional guarantee of equal protection. Informing the suspect of his right to counsel presents substantial linguistic and cultural problems, only some of which are addressed by the courts. In legal proceedings, the right to the assistance of an interpreter raises fundamental questions concerning the point at which the right to an interpreter arises and how entitlement is to be determined. Practical solutions implied by the research include establishing a bilingual courtroom observer program to safeguard against inadequte interpretation going unnoticed; cautioning the suspect as to his right to counsel in his native language rather than in English, perhaps through audio tape recordings; and establishing a combination translation and legal advice center which could be contacted by calling a toll-free telephone number such as 800-ESL-HELP.
Education, Faculty of
Language and Literacy Education (LLED), Department of
Graduate
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Matrosov, Pavel Igorevich. "Comparative analysis of constitutional law mechanism for human rights protection in Canada and Russia." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80941.

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This thesis offers a comparative analysis of the Constitutional law mechanism for human rights protection in Canada and Russia. Russia is experiencing a transition from the former soviet regime towards democracy and civil society. Since the beginning of the transition in 1991 Russia has made three major steps in that direction: the adoption of the Declaration of Rights and Freedoms of the Individual and Citizen of 1991, the Constitution of 1993 and the ratification of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1998. However, the existent constitutional law mechanism for human rights protection is not fully effective due to its novelty for Russian society. A number of lessons can be learned from the Canadian and European experiences of human rights protection. Among them is the necessity to build the mechanism for human rights protection that will be based on the rule of law, direct application of the Constitution, and the creation of a human rights culture, supported by the people's trust in independent judicial institutions.
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Books on the topic "Human rights – Canada"

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Chotalia, Shirish Pundit. Human rights law in Canada. Scarborough, Ont: Carswell, 1995.

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A, Gearty C., and Tomkins Adam, eds. Understanding human rights. London: Pinter, 1999.

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Cornish, Mary F. Enforcing human rights in Ontario. Aurora, Ont: Canada Law Book, 2009.

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Kallen, Evelyn. Ethnicity and human rights in Canada. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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Kallen, Evelyn. Ethnicity and human rights in Canada. 2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1995.

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John, Calder, and Canada Studies Foundation, eds. Canada: Human rights : foundations for freedom. Agincourt, Ont: Published for Canada Studies Foundation by Dominie Press, 1986.

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Knight, Jamie. Canada Human Rights Act: Quick reference. 2nd ed. Toronto: Carswell, 2004.

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Bowlby, Brenda J. An educator's guide to human rights. 2nd ed. Aurora, Ont: Canada Law Book, 2009.

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Matas, David. Human rights in Canada: A status report. Winnipeg, Man: [Helsinki Watch, 1985.

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Alter, Susan. Human rights and the courts in Canada. [Ottawa]: Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human rights – Canada"

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O’Halloran, Kerry. "Canada." In Human Rights, Religion and International Law, 176–214. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2019. | Series: Human rights and international law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351188357-6.

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Head, Michael. "Canada." In Domestic Military Powers, Law and Human Rights, 60–79. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: International and comparative criminal justice: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429325489-5.

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O’Halloran, Kerry. "Canada." In Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and International Human Rights Law, 224–56. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Human rights and international law: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429442650-8.

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Marie McLaughlin, Anne, Richard Enns, Susan Gallagher, and Jesse Henton. "Supporting Youth Leaving Care in Rural Canada." In Human Rights and Social Justice, 143–61. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003111269-11.

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Simeon, James C. "Terrorism Law in Canada." In Beyond Human Rights and the War on Terror, 143–67. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. |Series: Routledge research in human rights law: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351006064-7.

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Boban, Ines, and Andreas Hinz. "Human Rights-Based Education—Inclusive and “Appropriate”?" In European Perspectives on Inclusive Education in Canada, 215–28. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003204572-19.

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Boban, Ines, and Andreas Hinz. "Human Rights-Based Education—Inclusive and “Appropriate”?" In European Perspectives on Inclusive Education in Canada, 215–28. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003204572-19.

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Cornish, Mary, Fay Faraday, and Jan Borowy. "Chapter 10. Securing Employment Equity by Enforcing Human Rights Laws." In Employment Equity in Canada, 217–41. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442668515-013.

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Harrington, Joanna. "The Legitimacy of Interim Measures from the Perspective of a State: The Example of Canada." In Urgency and Human Rights, 115–34. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-415-0_6.

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Sabourin, Frédérique. "Diversité culturelle et droits de la personne: la situation au Canada." In The Universalism of Human Rights, 33–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4510-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human rights – Canada"

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Hamill, Katie. "Exploring Best Practices for Human Rights Education in Atlantic Canada." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1576703.

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Lira, S., and L. Lindita. "HUMAN RIGHTS AND ITS APPROXIMATION WITH EU LEGISLATION." In X International Conference ”Science and Society - Methods and Problems of Practical Application". Prague: Premier Publishing s.r.o., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29013/x-conf-canada-10-61-65.

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Hattiambire, Dayanand, and Chetana Kamlaskar. "Challenges of integrating MOOCs into the Curriculum of YCM Open University in India." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.7723.

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The term Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) was coined by Dave Cormier of University of Prince Edward Island in Canada in the year 2008. However the MOOCs gained popularity in the year 2012, as world’s renowned Universities like Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University started offering MOOCs. The Journey of MOOCs in India started a little late, the Ministry of education formerly known as Ministry of Higher of Human Rights Development MHRD initiated the SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) in the year 2014 and it was full fledgedly open to all the educational institutes to prepare, adopt, integrate the MOOCs into their educational framework by the year 2017. Ultimately the outburst of Covid-19 was observed to be the key factor for aggregation of MOOCs around the world as our present educational system was unable to cater the needs of the learners. In view of the above situation the apex educational body of the Indian Educational System, University Grants Commission (UGC) released a circular about integration of MOOCs into Higher education from previous 20% to 40%. This led to a drastic change in the educational structure of Indian educational system. The learners from different disciplines enrolled to the MOOCs available on various platforms such as SWAYAM, UGC-CEC, and NPTEL etc. due to their easy accessibility and on the go learning facility, many State and Central universities have developed their MOOC policies and have been practicing the MOOC integration into their curriculum. YCM Open University being the largest University in capacity of enrolment, lack behind in integrating MOOCs into its educational curriculum. Present study attempts to identify the problems and prospects of integration of MOOCs in curriculum of the YCM Open University. The survey method was implemented to carry out the research, and the researchers produced a structured questionnaire and collected data from the faculties of YCM Open University.
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Kalra, Jay, Zoher Rafid-Hamed, Lily Wiebe, and Patrick Seitzinger. "Medical Error Disclosure: A Quality Perspective and Ethical Dilemma in Healthcare Delivery." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002107.

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Medical errors are a significant public health concern that affects patient care and safety. Highlighted as a substantial problem in the 1999 Institute of Medicine report, medical errors have become the third leading cause of death in the United States of America. Failure to inform the patient of adverse events caused by a medical error compromises patient autonomy. Disclosure of adverse events to patients and families is critical in managing the consequences of a medical error and essential for maintaining patient trust. When errors occur, healthcare practitioners are faced with the ethical and moral dilemmas of if and to whom to disclose the error. Healthcare providers face these disclosure dilemmas across all disciplines, locations, and generations and have far-reaching implications on healthcare quality and the progress of medicine. We have previously reported the Canadian provincial initiatives encouraging open disclosure of adverse events and have suggested its integration into a 'no-fault' model. Though similar in content, the Canadian provincial initiatives remain isolated because of their non-mandatory nature and absence of federal or provincial laws on disclosure. The purpose of this study was to review and compare the disclosure policies implemented by individual health care regions/authorities in various parts of Canada to identify quality issues related to medical error disclosure based on several ethical and professional principles. The complexities of medical error disclosure to patients present ideal opportunities for medical educators to probe how learners balance the moral complexities involved in error disclosure. Effective communication between health care providers, patients, and their families throughout the disclosure process is integral in sustaining and developing the physician-patient relationship. We believe that the disclosure policies can provide a framework and guidelines for appropriate disclosure, leading to more transparent practices. We suggest that disclosure practice can be improved by creating a uniform policy centered on addressing errors in a non-punitive manner and respecting the patient's right to an honest disclosure and be implemented as part of the standard of care.
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Kalra, Jay, Zoher Rafid-Hamed, Chiamaka Okonkwo, and Patrick Seitzinger. "Quality Care and Patient Safety: A Best Practice Model for Medical Error Disclosure." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003478.

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Over recent years, adverse events and medical errors have become topics of increased concern in health care. Despite the efforts of healthcare organizations and providers to prevent medical errors and adverse events, medical errors are still inevitable. Disclosure of an adverse event is essential in managing a medical error's consequences. We have previously reviewed disclosure policies at the provincial level and found no uniform approach to disclosure in Canada. Effective communication between healthcare providers, patients, and their families throughout the disclosure process is vital in supporting and fostering the physician-patient relationship. Given the variability of medical error disclosure policies, comparing the disclosure process between different health authorities may allow us to better understand the best practice model given the proper parameters. Disclosure policies can provide a framework and guidelines for appropriate disclosure, leading to more transparent practices. The purpose of this study is to review and compare the disclosure policies implemented by individual health authorities across Canada. We will evaluate each policy based on the inclusion of the following key points: avoidance of blame; support to the staff; an apology or expression of regret; avoidance of speculation; some form of patient support; education/training to healthcare workers; immediate disclosure; team-based approach; accessibility; and documentation. The clinical significance of the study is to find similarities and differences between various health regions' policies of disclosure as well as report the best practice model for medical error disclosure across Canada. We suggest implementing a uniform national policy that addresses errors in a non-punitive manner and respects the patient's right to an honest disclosure. A prime role exists for the accrediting and regulatory authorities to initiate policy changes and appropriate reforms in the area. Not only should disclosing medical errors be a routine part of medical care to enhance quality improvement, but it would also protect patients' health and autonomy.
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Muramoto, Yuki, Yoshihisa Nakatoh, and Hideaki Kawano. "Personal Authentication Method Using Geometrical Features of External Auditory Canal." In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002785.

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Gloves and masks make fingerprint and face recognition difficult in hospitals and factories. In this research, as a precondition for developing an authentication system based on geometrical features inside the ear canal using a camera, we will verify whether it is possible to identify individuals from images inside the ear canal using machine learning. The method is to acquire image data of the ear canal using a camera and identify individuals using the image data and a model that has been learned in advance. As a preliminary step to machine learning, we conducted a questionnaire to investigate whether it is possible to identify the inside of the ear canal using human recognition ability. The questionnaire results showed that the correct response rate was approximately 64%. We also found that the correct response rate decreased for questions such as "select the image of the left ear from the image of the right ear," even for the same person. In this study, the VGG16 model was re-trained by transfer learning because of the small amount of training data we had prepared. The number of classes was 26 since the data we prepared was for 13 people and the number of left and right ears, and we used approximately 400 pieces of data per class. The experimental results showed that discrimination was possible with high accuracy. Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and F-measure were used as evaluation indices, and both Accuracy and F-measure were highly evaluated at 0.989. These results also indicate that the left and right ears can be discriminated against even if they are different during registration and evaluation. In the future, we are planning to study the imaging method for implementation and conduct experiments with third-party data.
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Casson, E. J., and Gillian H. Gibbs. "Developing Vision Standards for the Canadian Forces: Seeing All That They Can See." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1998.fc.1.

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According to both the Canadian Human Rights Act and the American Disabilities Act, a valid vision standard is one that establishes through objective means, a minimum level of vision required by the essential tasks of an occupation. Such a standard must be set to ensure that the necessary visual qualifications are met to preserve good job performance and public safety without unnecessarily excluding qualified applicants.
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KONINCK, Thomas De. "The Primacy of Human Dignity as a Central Concern for Education in the Future." In For an international transdisciplinary chair. ADJURIS – International Academic Publisher, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62768/adjuris/2024/2/11.

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Abstract: This article explores the primacy of human dignity as a central concern for the future of education, particularly within the context of health ethics and end-of-life care. It critiques the prevalent ambiguities and manipulations of the term "human dignity" by examining the Royal Society of Canada Expert Panel's Report on End-of-Life Decision Making, which dismisses the concept of dignity as insufficient for normative ethical questions. The article argues that such dismissals are strategically used to promote the moral right to assisted suicide by overemphasizing individual autonomy. It draws parallels to ideological manipulations of language as described by George Orwell and underscores the importance of maintaining clear and precise definitions to avoid fallacies. The discussion highlights three universal meanings of human dignity—ontological dignity, dignity-decency, and dignity-liberty—and their implications for ethical decision-making in end-of-life care. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of preserving the authentic understanding of human dignity in educational discourse to ensure ethical integrity in future societal practices.
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Reports on the topic "Human rights – Canada"

1

Ossoff, Will, Naz Modirzadeh, and Dustin Lewis. Preparing for a Twenty-Four-Month Sprint: A Primer for Prospective and New Elected Members of the United Nations Security Council. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/tzle1195.

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Under the United Nations Charter, the U.N. Security Council has several important functions and powers, not least with regard to taking binding actions to maintain international peace and security. The ten elected members have the opportunity to influence this area and others during their two-year terms on the Council. In this paper, we aim to illustrate some of these opportunities, identify potential guidance from prior elected members’ experiences, and outline the key procedures that incoming elected members should be aware of as they prepare to join the Council. In doing so, we seek in part to summarize the current state of scholarship and policy analysis in an effort to make this material more accessible to States and, particularly, to States’ legal advisers. We drafted this paper with a view towards States that have been elected and are preparing to join the Council, as well as for those States that are considering bidding for a seat on the Council. As a starting point, it may be warranted to dedicate resources for personnel at home in the capital and at the Mission in New York to become deeply familiar with the language, structure, and content of the relevant provisions of the U.N. Charter. That is because it is through those provisions that Council members engage in the diverse forms of political contestation and cooperation at the center of the Council’s work. In both the Charter itself and the Council’s practices and procedures, there are structural impediments that may hinder the influence of elected members on the Security Council. These include the permanent members’ veto power over decisions on matters not characterized as procedural and the short preparation time for newly elected members. Nevertheless, elected members have found creative ways to have an impact. Many of the Council’s “procedures” — such as the “penholder” system for drafting resolutions — are informal practices that can be navigated by resourceful and well-prepared elected members. Mechanisms through which elected members can exert influence include the following: Drafting resolutions; Drafting Presidential Statements, which might serve as a prelude to future resolutions; Drafting Notes by the President, which can be used, among other things, to change Council working methods; Chairing subsidiary bodies, such as sanctions committees; Chairing the Presidency; Introducing new substantive topics onto the Council’s agenda; and Undertaking “Arria-formula” meetings, which allow for broader participation from outside the Council. Case studies help illustrate the types and degrees of impact that elected members can have through their own initiative. Examples include the following undertakings: Canada’s emphasis in 1999–2000 on civilian protection, which led to numerous resolutions and the establishment of civilian protection as a topic on which the Council remains “seized” and continues to have regular debates; Belgium’s effort in 2007 to clarify the Council’s strategy around addressing natural resources and armed conflict, which resulted in a Presidential Statement; Australia’s efforts in 2014 resulting in the placing of the North Korean human rights situation on the Council’s agenda for the first time; and Brazil’s “Responsibility while Protecting” 2011 concept note, which helped shape debate around the Responsibility to Protect concept. Elected members have also influenced Council processes by working together in diverse coalitions. Examples include the following instances: Egypt, Japan, New Zealand, Spain, and Uruguay drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2016 on the protection of health-care workers in armed conflict; Cote d’Ivoire, Kuwait, the Netherlands, and Sweden drafted a resolution that was adopted in 2018 condemning the use of famine as an instrument of warfare; Malaysia, New Zealand, Senegal, and Venezuela tabled a 2016 resolution, which was ultimately adopted, condemning Israeli settlements in Palestinian territory; and A group of successive elected members helped reform the process around the imposition of sanctions against al-Qaeda and associated entities (later including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), including by establishing an Ombudsperson. Past elected members’ experiences may offer some specific pieces of guidance for new members preparing to take their seats on the Council. For example, prospective, new, and current members might seek to take the following measures: Increase the size of and support for the staff of the Mission to the U.N., both in New York and in home capitals; Deploy high-level officials to help gain support for initiatives; Partner with members of the P5 who are the informal “penholder” on certain topics, as this may offer more opportunities to draft resolutions; Build support for initiatives from U.N. Member States that do not currently sit on the Council; and Leave enough time to see initiatives through to completion and continue to follow up after leaving the Council.
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2

2STNBGN Perspectives on Access to Justice: The zine. JusticeTrans, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22215/crr/23i22r-ze.

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We have seen many positive changes to the law in Canada in the decade or so to better address the needs of Two Spirit, trans, non-binary, and gender non-conforming (2STNBGN) people – such as the inclusion of gender identity and/or expression in human rights legislation and the ability to change one’s name and gender marker on government documents without needing to have gender affirming surgery. We’ve also seen an increase in far-right extremism across Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom, leading to a notable increase in anti-trans hate. Our own experiences and the findings of research studies show that 2STNBGN people still experience a lot of violence and injustice. It is important to understand the needs of 2STNBGN communities across Canada in order to better promote 2STNBGN liberation and justice and aid in the fight against anti-trans hate.
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