Journal articles: 'Human respiration'

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Seidman, Joel C. "HUMAN RESPIRATION." Shock 26, no. 6 (December 2006): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.shk.0000248598.01883.bf.

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POPA, Cristina. "Chemical compounds from human respiration." Revue Roumaine de Chimie 64, no. 4 (2019): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33224/rrch/2019.64.4.11.

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Fadel, Paul J., Susan M. Barman, Shaun W. Phillips, and Gerard L. Gebber. "Fractal fluctuations in human respiration." Journal of Applied Physiology 97, no. 6 (December 2004): 2056–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00657.2004.

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The present study was designed to characterize respiratory fluctuations in awake, healthy adult humans under resting conditions. For this purpose, we recorded respiratory movements with a strain-gauge pneumograph in 20 subjects. We then used Allan factor, Fano factor, and dispersional analysis to test whether the fluctuations in the number of breaths, respiratory period, and breath amplitude were fractal (i.e., time-scale-invariant) or random in occurrence. Specifically, we measured the slopes of the power laws in the Allan factor, Fano factor, and dispersional analysis curves for original time series and compared these with the slopes of the curves for surrogates (randomized data sets). In addition, the Hurst exponent was calculated from the slope of the power law in the Allan factor curve to determine whether the long-range correlations among the fluctuations in breath number were positively or negatively correlated. The results can be summarized as follows. Fluctuations in all three parameters were fractal in nine subjects. There were four subjects in whom only the fluctuations in number of breaths and breath amplitude were fractal, three subjects in whom only the fluctuations in number of breaths were fractal, and two subjects in whom only fluctuations in breath number and respiratory period were fractal. Time-scale-invariant behavior was absent in the two remaining subjects. The results indicate that, in most cases, apparently random fluctuations in respiratory pattern are, in fact, correlated over more than one time scale. Moreover, the data suggest that fractal fluctuations in breath number, respiratory period, and breath amplitude are controlled by separate processes.

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Petrus, Alexandra, Corina Ratiu, Lavinia Noveanu, Rodica Lighezan, Mariana Rosca, Danina Muntean, and Oana Duicu. "Assessment of Mitochondrial Respiration in Human Platelets." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 4 (May 15, 2017): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.4.5549.

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It has been long recognized that the impairment of platelet mitochondrial function occurs in a broad spectrum of diseases. Accordingly, the assessment of platelet respiratory dys/function has emerged as a putative approach allowing the characterization of the early impairment of human bioenergetic profile in several chronic pathologies. The aim of this study was to standardize the methodology for platelet isolation from peripheral blood and the measurement of mitochondrial oxygen consumption by means of high-resolution respirometry, respectively. The platelet isolation protocol consisted of two consecutive centrifugations of the whole blood collected from adult healthy females (n = 10) yielding a platelet-rich plasma sample. Respiration was measured at 370C using the Oxygraph-2k (Oroboros Instruments, Austria) according to a classic substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor-titration protocol. Platelets permeabilized with digitonin were allowed to respire in the presence of complex I (glutamate and malate) and complex II (succinate) substrates. We obtained a respiratory control ratio of 2.77 � 3.65 that indicates an accurate coupling efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. The in vitro measurement of platelet respiration is a reliable method to evaluate the bioenergetic profile in humans. The standardized technique will be further used to assess the occurrence of mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral blood in the setting of various chronic non-communicable diseases.

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Badawy, Zaki S., Kazim R. Chohan, Donna A. Whyte, Harvey S. Penefsky, Oliver M. Brown, and Abdul-Kader Souid. "Cannabinoids inhibit the respiration of human sperm." Fertility and Sterility 91, no. 6 (June 2009): 2471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.075.

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Donaldson, G. C. "The chaotic behaviour of resting human respiration." Respiration Physiology 88, no. 3 (June 1992): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-5687(92)90005-h.

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Sharov, Victor G., Anastassia V. Todor, Norman Silverman, Sidney Goldstein, and Hani N. Sabbah. "Abnormal Mitochondrial Respiration in Failed Human Myocardium." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 32, no. 12 (December 2000): 2361–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmcc.2000.1266.

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Wilding, Martin, Gianfranco Coppola, Brian Dale, and Loredana Di Matteo. "Mitochondria and human preimplantation embryo development." REPRODUCTION 137, no. 4 (April 2009): 619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-08-0444.

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Human reproduction, like all biological systems, is characterised by a large level of variability. In this field, the variability is observed as a large difference in implantation potential of human embryos developing in vitro, despite similarities in observable parameters such as rate of development and morphology of these embryos. One of the underlying factors that determines developmental potential in these embryos is the availability of energy in the form of ATP for development. Here, we suggest that, despite the evidence suggesting that mitochondrial metabolism is relatively inactive during preimplantation embryo development, aerobic (mitochondrial) metabolism contributes a major role in the supply of ATP. A second pathway, anaerobic respiration, is also active and the two pathways work in synchrony to supply all the ATP necessary. We discuss the differences in the two forms of energy production and suggest that, although anaerobic respiration can supplement deficiencies in the energy supply in the short term, this is not sufficient to substitute for aerobic respiration over long periods. Therefore, we suggest that deficiencies in the levels of aerobic respiration can explain variability in the implantation potential of apparently equivalent embryos.

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Bastari, Winarno Fadjar, and Mohamad Habib Amanullah. "RESPIRATION DETECTION TOOLS IN HUMAN BASED ARDUINO UNO." BEST : Journal of Applied Electrical, Science, & Technology 2, no. 1 (August 2, 2020): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36456/best.vol2.no1.2581.

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The vital capacity value of the lungs is very influential with the health of the human lungs because with the results the value of the vital capacity of the human lung can be diagnosed as normal or abnormal of the lungs. This study aims to make a means of detecting respiration gas flow rates in humans using an arduino uno-based YF-S201 flow sensor. From the results of data analysis of respiratory gas flow in adult male breathing with ages (20 years - 30 years), (30 years - 35 years), (35 years - 45 years) and (45 years - 50 years) as many as 15 users. there is an error of 3.86%, the value is generated from comparing the output of the equipment made by researchers with other tools of the brand Spirolab with as many as 15 users of different height and age. From 15 different users there are 2 users with abnormal lung conditions and 13 other users with normal lung conditions. The result of this error occurred because of the 15 users who were less relaxed when exhaling and breathing.

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Heck, Detlef H., Robert Kozma, and Leslie M. Kay. "The rhythm of memory: how breathing shapes memory function." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 563–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00200.2019.

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The mammalian olfactory bulb displays a prominent respiratory rhythm, which is linked to the sniff cycle and is driven by sensory input from olfactory receptors in the nasal sensory epithelium. In rats and mice, respiratory frequencies occupy the same band as the hippocampal θ-rhythm, which has been shown to be a key player in memory processes. Hippocampal and olfactory bulb rhythms were previously found to be uncorrelated except in specific odor-contingency learning circumstances. However, many recent electrophysiological studies in both rodents and humans reveal a surprising cycle-by-cycle influence of nasal respiration on neuronal activity throughout much of the cerebral cortex beyond the olfactory system, including the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and subcortical structures. In addition, respiratory phase has been shown to influence higher-frequency oscillations associated with cognitive functions, including attention and memory, such as the power of γ-rhythms and the timing of hippocampal sharp wave ripples. These new findings support respiration’s role in cognitive function, which is supported by studies in human subjects, in which nasal respiration has been linked to memory processes. Here, we review recent reports from human and rodent experiments that link respiration to the modulation of memory function and the neurophysiological processes involved in memory in rodents and humans. We argue that respiratory influence on the neuronal activity of two key memory structures, the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, provides a potential neuronal mechanism behind respiratory modulation of memory.

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Porter, Craig, Nicholas M. Hurren, Matthew V. Cotter, Nisha Bhattarai, Paul T. Reidy, Edgar L. Dillon, William J. Durham, et al. "Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control decline with age in human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 309, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): E224—E232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00125.2015.

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Mitochondrial health is critical to physiological function, particularly in tissues with high ATP turnover, such as striated muscle. It has been postulated that derangements in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function contribute to impaired physical function in older adults. Here, we determined mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control in skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from young and older adults. Twenty-four young (28 ± 7 yr) and thirty-one older (62 ± 8 yr) adults were studied. Mitochondrial respiration was determined in permeabilized myofibers from the vastus lateralis after the addition of substrates oligomycin and CCCP. Thereafter, mitochondrial coupling control was calculated. Maximal coupled respiration (respiration linked to ATP production) was lower in muscle from older vs. young subjects ( P < 0.01), as was maximal uncoupled respiration ( P = 0.06). Coupling control in response to the ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin was lower in older adults ( P < 0.05), as was the mitochondria flux control ratio, coupled respiration normalized to maximal uncoupled respiration ( P < 0.05). Calculation of respiratory function revealed lower respiration linked to ATP production ( P < 0.001) and greater reserve respiration ( P < 0.01); i.e., respiratory capacity not used for phosphorylation in muscle from older adults. We conclude that skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity and coupling control decline with age. Lower respiratory capacity and coupling efficiency result in a reduced capacity for ATP production in skeletal muscle of older adults.

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Kim, Sangdong, Bongseok Kim, Youngseok Jin, and Jonghun Lee. "Human Identification by Measuring Respiration Patterns Using Vital FMCW Radar." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 20, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2020.20.4.302.

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This letter proposes a method of human identification that measures respiration patterns using frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. We exploit the fact that respiration signal patterns are unique to each individual, and FMCW radar is employed to obtain the respiration information. Based on the strengths of FMCW radar, the proposed algorithm compensates for the inability to distinguish the respiration signals of multiple users, which are difficult for continuous wave radar to measure. The proposed algorithm also employs a deep neural network algorithm instead of the K-nearest neighbor algorithm that was used in a previous study. The proposed algorithm further improves the performance by using a least mean square filter in the input signal of the DNN. The experimental results show that the proposed human identification method successfully classified four persons.

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Wakamatsu, H. "Nonlinear Adaptive Control of Human Respiration Using Newly Developed Respirator with Variable Respiratory Rhythm." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 23, no. 8 (August 1990): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)52007-8.

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Ferramosca, Alessandra, Stefano Lorenzetti, Mariangela Di Giacomo, Paola Lunetti, Francesco Murrieri, Loredana Capobianco, Vincenza Dolce, Lamberto Coppola, and Vincenzo Zara. "Modulation of Human Sperm Mitochondrial Respiration Efficiency by Plant Polyphenols." Antioxidants 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020217.

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Plant bioactives, such as polyphenols, can differentially affect (positively or negatively) sperm quality, depending on their concentration. These molecules have been proposed as natural scavengers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for male infertility treatment. However, few data are available about their effects on the molecular mechanisms related to sperm quality and, in particular, to sperm mitochondrial function. We investigated the effects of quercetin, naringenin, genistein, apigenin, luteolin, and resveratrol at the concentration of 0.1–1000 nM on mitochondrial respiration efficiency. Upon chemical exposure, spermatozoa were swollen in a hypotonic solution and used for polarographic assays of mitochondrial respiration. All tested compounds, except for apigenin, caused a significant increase in the mitochondrial respiration efficiency at the concentration of 0.1 nM, and a significant decrease starting from concentrations of 10 nM. The analysis of oxygen consumption rate in the active and in the resting state of mitochondrial respiration suggested different mechanisms by which the tested compounds modulate mitochondrial function. Therefore, by virtue of their ability to stimulate the respiration active state, quercetin, genistein, and luteolin were found to improve mitochondrial function in asthenozoospermic samples. Our results are relevant to the debate on the promises and perils of natural antioxidants in nutraceutical supplementation.

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Philpot, Steve, and David Anderson. "The ethical and legal implications of the Human Tissue Amendment Act 2020 (Vic)." Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 3 (September 6, 2021): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2021.3.pov.

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The Human Tissue Act 1982 (Vic) has recently been amended by the Human Tissue Amendment Act 2020(Vic). In an effort to better reflect the modern practice of organ donation, the intention of the amendment is to include a process for the authorisation of ante-mortem procedures in patients being considered for organ donation after circulatory determination of death(DCDD). As part of this process, the amendment introduces a new requirement for consent for such ante-mortem procedures, and specifies that: A designated officer for a hospital must not give an authority … in respect of a person unless, where the respiration or the circulation of the blood of the person is being maintained by artificial means, two registered medical practitioners, neither of whom is the designated officer and each of whom has been for a period of not less than five years a registered medical practitioner, have each certified in writing — that the practitioner has carried out a clinical examination of the person while the respiration or the circulation of the blood of that person was being maintained by artificial means; and that, in the practitioner’s opinion, at the time of examination, death of the person would occur as a result of the withdrawal of the artificial means of maintaining the respiration or the circulation of the blood of the person.

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Ferramosca, Alessandra, Sara Pinto Provenzano, Daniela Domenica Montagna, Lamberto Coppola, and Vincenzo Zara. "Oxidative Stress Negatively Affects Human Sperm Mitochondrial Respiration." Urology 82, no. 1 (July 2013): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2013.03.058.

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Lipscombe, Trevor C., and Carl E. Mungan. "Breathtaking Physics: Human Respiration as a Heat Engine." Physics Teacher 58, no. 3 (March 2020): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.5145400.

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Carley, D. W., and D. C. Shannon. "Relative stability of human respiration during progressive hypoxia." Journal of Applied Physiology 65, no. 3 (September 1, 1988): 1389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.65.3.1389.

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We have systematically studied the relationship between the relative stability (R) of respiration and the loop gain (LG) of the CO2 control system in 15 healthy awake adult males during progressive hypoxia. R was measured by the ventilatory oscillations after brief (less than 10 s) CO2 challenges. Control theory suggests that such oscillations are completely governed by LG. A significant positive correlation was found between R and LG (r = 0.74, P less than 0.01, n = 85). A minimal mathematical model of respiratory control was used to predict R as a function of LG. Serial correlation analysis (r = 0.09, P greater than 0.1) of the residuals indicated statistical agreement between predictions and observations. The mean residual (0.011) was not significantly different from zero (P greater than 0.1). Also, as the model predicted, sustained periodic breathing (PB) occurred whenever the estimated LG was greater than unity. The mean LG breathing room air was 0.51 and for the 13 epochs of PB was 1.17 (range 0.71-1.65). It is concluded that PB is a quantitative extension of the relative stability continuum and corresponds to unstable operation of the CO2 control system. Furthermore, relative stability can be quantitatively predicted for each subject by a minimal mathematical model.

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Cooke, Kenneth L., and Janos Turi. "Stability, instability in delay equations modeling human respiration." Journal of Mathematical Biology 32, no. 6 (1994): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00573459.

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Wang, Wei, and Jingyun Fang. "Soil respiration and human effects on global grasslands." Global and Planetary Change 67, no. 1-2 (May 2009): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.12.011.

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Herzberg, Nicole H., Rob Zwart, Ruud A. Wolterman, Jos P. N. Ruiter, Ronald J. A. Wanders, Pieter A. Bolhuis, and Coby van den Bogert. "Differentiation and proliferation of respiration-deficient human myoblasts." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1181, no. 1 (March 1993): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-4439(93)90091-e.

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Widory, David. "Oxygen and nitrogen isotopic fractionations during human respiration." Comptes Rendus Biologies 327, no. 8 (August 2004): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2004.07.001.

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Wolf, Matthew Bernard, and Robert P. Garner. "A Mathematical Model of Human Respiration at Altitude." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 35, no. 11 (August 3, 2007): 2003–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-007-9361-3.

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Breslav, I. S., G. G. Isaev, and A. V. Kochubeev. "Regulation of human respiration under excessive intrapulmonary pressure." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 102, no. 2 (August 1986): 1025–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00836184.

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HUTTER, Eveline, Kathrin RENNER, Gerald PFISTER, Petra STÖCKL, Pidder JANSEN-DÜRR, and Erich GNAIGER. "Senescence-associated changes in respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in primary human fibroblasts." Biochemical Journal 380, no. 3 (June 15, 2004): 919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20040095.

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Limitation of lifespan in replicative senescence is related to oxidative stress, which is probably both the cause and consequence of impaired mitochondrial respiratory function. The respiration of senescent human diploid fibroblasts was analysed by highresolution respirometry. To rule out cell-cycle effects, proliferating and growth-arrested young fibroblasts were used as controls. Uncoupled respiration, as normalized to citrate synthase activity, remained unchanged, reflecting a constant capacity of the respiratory chain. Oligomycin-inhibited respiration, however, was significantly increased in mitochondria of senescent cells, indicating a lower coupling of electron transport with phosphorylation. In contrast, growth-arrested young fibroblasts exhibited a higher coupling state compared with proliferating controls. In intact cells, partial uncoupling may lead to either decreased oxidative ATP production or a compensatory increase in routine respiration. To distinguish between these alternatives, we subtracted oligomycin-inhibited respiration from routine respiration, which allowed us to determine the part of respiratory activity coupled with ATP production. Despite substantial differences in the respiratory control ratio, ranging from 4 to 11 in the different experimental groups, a fixed proportion of respiratory capacity was maintained for coupled oxidative phosphorylation in all the experimental groups. This finding indicates that the senescent cells fully compensate for increased proton leakage by enhanced electron-transport activity in the routine state. These results provide a new insight into age-associated defects in mitochondrial function and compensatory mechanisms in intact cells.

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Liu, Yuan, Shiyou Wu, Jie Chen, Guangyou Fang, and Hejun Yin. "Human Respiration Localization Method Using UWB Linear Antenna Array." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/601926.

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Human respiration is the basic vital sign in remote monitoring. There has been remarkable progress in this area, but some challenges still remain to obtain the angle-of-arrival (AOA) and distinguish the individual signals. This paper presents a 2D noncontact human respiration localization method using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) 1D linear antenna array. The imaging reconstruction based on beamforming is used to estimate the AOA of the human chest. The distance-slow time 2D matrix at the estimated AOA is processed to obtain the distance and respiration frequency of the vital sign. The proposed method can be used to isolate signals from individual targets when more than one human object is located in the surveillance space. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated via the simulation and experiment results.

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BISWAS, Swati, Manju RAY, Sanjoy MISRA, D. P. DUTTA, and Subhankar RAY. "Selective inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in human leukaemic leucocytes by methylglyoxal." Biochemical Journal 323, no. 2 (April 15, 1997): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3230343.

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The effect of methylglyoxal on the oxygen consumption of mitochondria of both normal and leukaemic leucocytes was tested by using different respiratory substrates and complex specific artificial electron donors and inhibitors. The results indicate that methylglyoxal strongly inhibits mitochondrial respiration in leukaemic leucocytes, whereas, at a much higher concentration, methylglyoxal fails to inhibit mitochondrial respiration in normal leucocytes. Methylglyoxal strongly inhibits ADP-stimulated α-oxoglutarate and malate plus NAD+-dependent respiration, whereas, at a higher concentration, methylglyoxal fails to inhibit succinate and α-glycerophosphate-dependent respiration. Methylglyoxal also fails to inhibit respiration which is initiated by duroquinone and cannot inhibit oxygen consumption when the N,N,N´,N´-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine by-pass is used. NADH oxidation by sub-mitochondrial particles of leukaemic leucocytes is also inhibited by methylglyoxal. Lactaldehyde, a catabolite of methylglyoxal, can exert a protective effect on the inhibition of leukaemic leucocyte mitochondrial respiration by methylglyoxal. Methylglyoxal also inhibits l-lactic acid formation by intact leukaemic leucocytes and critically reduces the ATP level of these cells, whereas methylglyoxal has no effect on normal leucocytes. We conclude that methylglyoxal inhibits glycolysis and the electron flow through mitochondrial complex I of leukaemic leucocytes. This is strikingly similar to our previous studies on mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis and ATP levels in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells [Ray, Dutta, Halder and Ray (1994) Biochem. J. 303, 69–72; Halder, Ray and Ray (1993) Int. J. Cancer 54, 443–449], which strongly suggests that the inhibition of electron flow through complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and inhibition of glycolysis by methylglyoxal may be common characteristics of all malignant cells.

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Prusinkiewicz, Martin A., Jessie Tu, Mackenzie J. Dodge, Katelyn M. MacNeil, Sandi Radko-Juettner, Gregory J. Fonseca, Peter Pelka, and Joe S. Mymryk. "Differential Effects of Human Adenovirus E1A Protein Isoforms on Aerobic Glycolysis in A549 Human Lung Epithelial Cells." Viruses 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2020): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060610.

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Viruses alter a multitude of host-cell processes to create a more optimal environment for viral replication. This includes altering metabolism to provide adequate substrates and energy required for replication. Typically, viral infections induce a metabolic phenotype resembling the Warburg effect, with an upregulation of glycolysis and a concurrent decrease in cellular respiration. Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been observed to induce the Warburg effect, which can be partially attributed to the adenovirus protein early region 4, open reading frame 1 (E4orf1). E4orf1 regulates a multitude of host-cell processes to benefit viral replication and can influence cellular metabolism through the transcription factor avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC). However, E4orf1 does not explain the full extent of Warburg-like HAdV metabolic reprogramming, especially the accompanying decrease in cellular respiration. The HAdV protein early region 1A (E1A) also modulates the function of the infected cell to promote viral replication. E1A can interact with a wide variety of host-cell proteins, some of which have been shown to interact with metabolic enzymes independently of an interaction with E1A. To determine if the HAdV E1A proteins are responsible for reprogramming cell metabolism, we measured the extracellular acidification rate and oxygen consumption rate of A549 human lung epithelial cells with constitutive endogenous expression of either of the two major E1A isoforms. This was followed by the characterization of transcript levels for genes involved in glycolysis and cellular respiration, and related metabolic pathways. Cells expressing the 13S encoded E1A isoform had drastically increased baseline glycolysis and lower maximal cellular respiration than cells expressing the 12S encoded E1A isoform. Cells expressing the 13S encoded E1A isoform exhibited upregulated expression of glycolysis genes and downregulated expression of cellular respiration genes. However, tricarboxylic acid cycle genes were upregulated, resembling anaplerotic metabolism employed by certain cancers. Upregulation of glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle genes was also apparent in IMR-90 human primary lung fibroblast cells infected with a HAdV-5 mutant virus that expressed the 13S, but not the 12S encoded E1A isoform. In conclusion, it appears that the two major isoforms of E1A differentially influence cellular glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation and this is at least partially due to the altered regulation of mRNA expression for the genes in these pathways.

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Derakhshan, Mohammad, Margaret M. Willcocks, Michael A. Salako, George E. N. Kass, and Michael J. Carter. "Human herpesvirus 1 protein US3 induces an inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport." Journal of General Virology 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 2155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81949-0.

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Previous studies have identified virus proteins that traffic to mitochondria and may affect mitochondrial function. Here, it is reported that Human herpesvirus 1 (HHV-1, herpes simplex virus 1) and influenza virus reduced mitochondrial respiration, whilst Measles virus, cytomegalovirus, coxsackievirus B4 and Feline calicivirus did not. The inhibition of total cellular respiration was caused by a block in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. This effect occurred during β-phase protein synthesis and the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration could be reproduced by ectopic expression of the β-phase protein US3. An HHV-1 mutant lacking this protein failed to inhibit oxygen consumption in infected cells relative to controls. It was concluded that US3 was mediating the suppression of mitochondrial respiration following HHV-1 infection. The integrity of the electron-transport chain in HHV-1-infected cells was analysed further and the site of the block in electron transport was located between complexes II and III, a site previously shown to be affected by Poliovirus.

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Shofiyah, Shofiyah, I. Dewa Gede Hari Wisana, Triwiyanto Triwiyanto, and Sari Luthfiyah. "Measuring Respiration Rate Via Android." Indonesian Journal of electronics, electromedical engineering, and medical informatics 1, no. 1 (August 22, 2019): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/ijeeemi.v1i1.4.

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Abstract-Respiratory rate is the total number of breath or breathing cycle, which occurs every minute. Abnormal respiratory rate is a sensitive indicator for danger patients requiring medical treatment immediately. The objective of the study is to design respiration rate monitor via Anroid mobile phone. In this study, we used flex sensors to detect the respiration rate. The flex sensors was placed in the human stomach diaphragm which detects the changes in the human stomach diaphragm during breathing. The measurement results are displayed on the liquid crystal display (LCD) 2 x 16. The data will be sent via a Bluetooth connection to the android to display the values and graphs. The comparison between the design and standart showed that the maximum erros is 4.69% while the minimum error is 1.52%. The average error for all measurement is 2.83%. It can be concluded that the tool wear is eligible because it is still below the minimum threshold of 10% error.

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Miotto, Paula M., Chris McGlory, Tanya M. Holloway, Stuart M. Phillips, and Graham P. Holloway. "Sex differences in mitochondrial respiratory function in human skeletal muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 314, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): R909—R915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00025.2018.

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Mitochondrial bioenergetic contributions to sex differences in human skeletal muscle metabolism remain poorly defined. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether mitochondrial respiratory kinetics differed between healthy young men and women in permeabilized skeletal muscle fibers. While men and women displayed similar ( P > 0.05) maximal respiration rates and abundance of mitochondrial/adenosine diphosphate (ADP) transport proteins, women had lower ( P < 0.05) mitochondrial ADP sensitivity (+30% apparent Km) and absolute respiration rates at a physiologically relevant ADP concentration (100 μM). Moreover, although men and women exhibited similar carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I protein content- and palmitoyl-CoA-supported respiration, women displayed greater sensitivity to malonyl-CoA-mediated respiratory inhibition. These data establish baseline sex differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and provide the foundation for studying mitochondrial function within the context of metabolic perturbations and diseases that affect men and women differently.

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Ye, Minghui, Huhu Cheng, Jian Gao, Changxia Li, and Liangti Qu. "A respiration-detective graphene oxide/lithium battery." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 48 (2016): 19154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta08569e.

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Gennarelli, G., F. Soldovieri, L. Marciano, G. Cerasuolo, and O. Petrella. "Measurements Performance of a Bioradar for Human Respiration Monitoring." Procedia Engineering 168 (2016): 1200–1203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.411.

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Hoh, Daniel J., Lynne M. Mercier, Shaunn P. Hussey, and Michael A. Lane. "Respiration following spinal cord injury: Evidence for human neuroplasticity." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 189, no. 2 (November 2013): 450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2013.07.002.

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Whyte, Donna A., Suleiman Al-Hammadi, Ghazala Balhaj, Oliver M. Brown, Harvey S. Penefsky, and Abdul-Kader Souid. "Cannabinoids Inhibit Cellular Respiration of Human Oral Cancer Cells." Pharmacology 85, no. 6 (2010): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000312686.

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36

Mackie, Douglas S. "Hold your breath: The economic impact of human respiration." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 87, no. 34 (2006): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006eo340007.

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Pal, Tanmay, Pranab Kumar Dutta, and Srinivasu Maka. "Modulation–demodulation hypothesis of periodic breathing in human respiration." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 252-253 (June 2018): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2018.03.005.

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Jagadev, Preeti, and Lalat Indu Giri. "Human respiration monitoring using infrared thermography and artificial intelligence." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 6, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 035007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ab7a54.

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Shyh-Chang, Ng, Yuxiang Zheng, Jason W. Locasale, and Lewis C. Cantley. "Human pluripotent stem cells decouple respiration from energy production." EMBO Journal 30, no. 24 (December 14, 2011): 4851–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/emboj.2011.436.

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Loke, Kit E., Sarra K. Laycock, Seema Mital, Michael S. Wolin, Robert Bernstein, Mehmet Oz, Linda Addonizio, Gabor Kaley, and Thomas H. Hintze. "Nitric Oxide Modulates Mitochondrial Respiration in Failing Human Heart." Circulation 100, no. 12 (September 21, 1999): 1291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.100.12.1291.

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Scott, L., J. Bernsten, K. DeLegge, J. Hill, and N. Ramsing. "Respiration measurements of human oocytes correlate with oocyte competence." Fertility and Sterility 88 (September 2007): S31—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.116.

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Sohmer, Haim, Miriam Geal-Dor, and Daniel Weinstein. "Human fetal auditory threshold improvement during maternal oxygen respiration." Hearing Research 75, no. 1-2 (May 1994): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-5955(94)90065-5.

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Nakesch, H., and H. Pfützner. "Magnetostrictive amorphous sensor for the detection of human respiration." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 133, no. 1-3 (May 1994): 634–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(94)90642-4.

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Li, Yuan, Mingjia Zhang, Xiuli Hu, Lingmin Yu, Xinhui Fan, Changshui Huang, and Yuliang Li. "Graphdiyne-based flexible respiration sensors for monitoring human health." Nano Today 39 (August 2021): 101214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101214.

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Pramudita, Aloysius Adya, and Fiky Yosep Suratman. "Low-Power Radar System for Noncontact Human Respiration Sensor." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3087839.

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Gozzelino, Raffaella, Maura Poli, and Paolo Arosio. "Iron as Therapeutic Target in Human Diseases." Pharmaceuticals 12, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph12040178.

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Jacobs, Robert A., Anne-Kristine Meinild, Nikolai B. Nordsborg, and Carsten Lundby. "Lactate oxidation in human skeletal muscle mitochondria." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 304, no. 7 (April 1, 2013): E686—E694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00476.2012.

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Lactate is an important intermediate metabolite in human bioenergetics and is oxidized in many different tissues including the heart, brain, kidney, adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The mechanism(s) explaining the metabolism of lactate in these tissues, however, remains unclear. Here, we analyze the ability of skeletal muscle to respire lactate by using an in situ mitochondrial preparation that leaves the native tubular reticulum and subcellular interactions of the organelle unaltered. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis muscle in 16 human subjects. Samples were chemically permeabilized with saponin, which selectively perforates the sarcolemma and facilitates the loss of cytosolic content without altering mitochondrial membranes, structure, and subcellular interactions. High-resolution respirometry was performed on permeabilized muscle biopsy preparations. By use of four separate and specific substrate titration protocols, the respirometric analysis revealed that mitochondria were capable of oxidizing lactate in the absence of exogenous LDH. The titration of lactate and NAD+ into the respiration medium stimulated respiration ( P ≤ 0.003). The addition of exogenous LDH failed to increase lactate-stimulated respiration ( P = 1.0). The results further demonstrate that human skeletal muscle mitochondria cannot directly oxidize lactate within the mitochondrial matrix. Alternately, these data support previous claims that lactate is converted to pyruvate within the mitochondrial intermembrane space with the pyruvate subsequently taken into the mitochondrial matrix where it enters the TCA cycle and is ultimately oxidized.

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Kim, Ju O., and Deokwoo Lee. "Detection of Abnormal Respiration from Multiple-Input Respiratory Signals." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 24, 2020): 2977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102977.

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In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the detection of abnormal signals from multiple respiration signals. An ultrawide-band (UWB) radar was used to acquire respiration signals that represent a distance from the chest to the radar sensor, i.e., shape variation of the chest due to breathing (inhaling or exhaling) activity provides quantitative information (distance values) about respiratory status. Distribution, shape, and variation of values across time provide information to determine respiratory status, one of the most important indicators of human health. In this paper, respiratory status was categorized into two classes, normal and abnormal. Abnormal respiration (apnea in this paper) was emulated by interrupting breathing activity because it is difficult to acquire real apnea from patients in hospital wards. This paper considered two cases, single and multiple respiration. In the first case, a single normal- or abnormal-respiration signal was used as input, and output was the classified status of respiration. In the second case, multiple respiration signals were simultaneously used as inputs, and we focused on determining the existence of abnormal signals in multiple respiration signals. In the case of multiple inputs, filters with varying cut-off frequency were applied to input signals followed by the analysis of output signals in response to the filters. To substantiate the proposed method, experiment results are provided. In this paper, classification results showed 93 % of the successful rate in the case of multiple inputs, and results are promising for applications to monitoring systems of human respiration.

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McFarland, D. H., J. P. Lund, and M. Gagner. "Effects of posture on the coordination of respiration and swallowing." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 2431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.5.2431.

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1. Although a pause in respiration during swallowing is a feature common to all mammals, inhibition usually occurs during expiration in adult humans and during inspiration in most other species. We tested the hypothesis that this difference is due, at least in part, to the position of the body while feeding. 2. The coordination of respiration and swallowing was studied in adult human subjects in two body positions; upright, which is typically human, and on hands and knees, which is similar to the feeding posture of most other animal species. 3. Our major finding was that the respiratory phase in which swallowing occurred was significantly related to posture. Swallows tended to occur late in the expiratory phase while feeding upright, but during early expiration while on all fours. 4. We speculate that the phase of respiration in which swallowing occurs changes with posture to compensate for the alterations in the mechanical properties of the upper body.

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Kim, Heesoo, and Jinho Jeong. "Non-Contact Measurement of Human Respiration and Heartbeat Using W-band Doppler Radar Sensor." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 5209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185209.

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This paper presents a W-band continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar sensor for non-contact measurement of human respiration and heartbeat. The very short wavelength of the W-band signal allows a high-precision detection of the displacement of the chest surface by the heartbeat as well as respiration. The CW signal at 94 GHz is transmitted through a high-gain horn antenna to the human chest at a distance of 1 m. The phase-modulated reflection signal is down-converted to the baseband by the quadrature mixer with an excellent amplitude and phase matches between I and Q channels, which makes the IQ mismatch correction in the digital domain unnecessary. The baseband I and Q data are digitized using data acquisition (DAQ) board. The arctangent demodulation with automatic phase unwrapping is applied to the low-pass filtered I and Q data to effectively solve the null point problem. A slow-varying DC component is rejected in the demodulated signal by the trend removal algorithm. Then, the respiration signal with a frequency of 0.27 Hz and a displacement of ~6.1 mm is retrieved by applying a low-pass filter. Finally, the respiration signal is removed by the band-pass filter and the heartbeat signal is extracted, showing a frequency of 1.35 Hz and a displacement of ~0.26 mm. The extracted respiration and heartbeat rates are very close to the manual measurement results. The demonstrated W-band CW radar sensors can be easily applied to find the angular location of the human body by using a phased array under a compact size.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Human respiration'

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