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1
Derakhshan, Mohammad. "The effect of human viruses on mitochondrial respiration." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/842762/.
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Previous studies have indicated that viruses can interact with mitochondria and affect their function. Further, emerging data now show that many more viruses may influence the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis and thus there is widespread potential for interaction with the respiratory chain in this organelle. Such interactions could have consequences for the clinical outcome of persistent infections; however it is not known how widespread effects on respiration may be. We have therefore screened different human viruses for an effect on the mitochondrial respiration. We found that human herpes virus type one (HHV-1) and influenza virus (IV) caused a profound decrease in total cell respiration whilst measles virus (MV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) did not. We have further analysed the integrity of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria of HHV-infected HeLa cells and located a block at complex II; electrons donated to this complex were unable to flow on to complex EL Further investigation revealed that this block was established during the beta phase of HHV-1 protein synthesis. Beta-phase proteins were assessed for potential involvement in this process using the reported literature and a shortlist of candidates was derived. Of these the beta protein Us3 was cloned and expressed by transfection and was found to induce respiratory block in comparison with mock-transfected and luciferase-transfected cells. A mutant deficient in this protein was obtained and shown to be unable of inducing a similar effect. We thus conclude that taxonomically distinct viruses can indeed affect mitochondrial function and virus- specified proteins are responsible. In the case of herpes virus, HHV-1 protein US3 is capable of inducing this effect alone; no other virus proteins are required. Furthermore US3 appears to be the only HHV-1 protein capable of inducing this effect. These findings demonstrate that diverse viruses may induce mitochondrial impairment and this could be a widespread phenomenon. This could underlie the induction of similar features of infection by different viruses and could be significant in the context of a persistent infection.
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Tansley, John Guion. "Human ventilatory responses to prolonged hypoxia and hypercapnia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363954.
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Abid, S. H. "Factors affecting tissues weight and respiration in two species of locusts." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373359.
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Pilsbury, David John. "Some aspects of the regulation of respiration in man." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253174.
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Pilbeam, C. J. "Comparative studies of populations of perennial ryegrass differing in their rate of respiration." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376256.
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Croft, Quentin. "Human responses to simulated high altitude." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711614.
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PLASSMAN, BRENDA LEE. "PERCEPTION OF LUNG VOLUME IN NORMAL HUMAN SUBJECTS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183843.
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Ability to duplicate an inspired volume level was studied in five healthy males using the psychophysical method of reproduction. Three conditions were evaluated in order to investigate the perceptual cues used for obtaining a specific inspired volume. Conditions were designed to progressively remove cues that might affect the subject's ability to duplicate an inspired lung volume. In each, the subject performed a standard inspiration, spanning from end expiratory position to 35% of inspiratory capacity. Conditions were varied as follows: (1) subjects were instructed to perform both the standard and test (reproduction) inspirations at the same flow rate and beginning at the same lung volume, (2) subjects were instructed to make the flow rate of the test inspiration faster or slower from standard inspiration, and (3) subjects were instructed to begin the test inspiration at a different lung volume than the standard inspirations. The group mean error for all conditions combined for the first day on which each condition was performed was 173 ml, compared to a mean error of 133 ml. Reduction in errors for all conditions from the first to the second day of performance indicates a practice effect. There was no significant difference in errors between conditions. These results indicate the final lung volume, which remained constant for all three conditions, is important for accurate duplication of inspired volume. This finding for learned respiratory movements is comparable to that found by other researchers for skilled limb movements.
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Fresconi, Frank. "Flow patterns and convective dispersion in the conducting airways of the human lung." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 145 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1362534221&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Alderson, Jesse. "Studies on the aerobic respiratory chain of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324459.
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Liang, Pei-Ji. "Mathematical models of respiratory control in humans." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:567195f2-f911-4188-a1c3-96192fd7b3ee.
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This thesis is concerned with modelling the properties of human ventilation during steady-state conditions and during acute and sustained isocapnic hypoxia. Chapter 1 reviews some of the relevant studies in animals and humans. Chapter 2 describes the origins of the data studied in this thesis. In particular, it describes the experimental apparatus and the technique of dynamic end-tidal forcing used to gather the data, as well as the particular protocols employed. Chapter 3 studies the breath-to-breath variations in ventilation during steady breathing in both rest and during light exercise with the end-tidal gases controlled. The results suggest that: 1) both simple ARMA models and a simple state-space model can describe the autocorrelation present in the data; 2) variations in spectral power were present in the data which cannot be described by these models; and 3) these variations were often due to a uniform modulation and did not significantly affect the coefficients of the models. For these kinds of data, a heteroscedastic form of state-space model provides an attractive theoretical structure for the noise processes. Chapter 4 studies human ventilation during sustained isocapnic hypoxia. Two models are used. The first, developed by Painter et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 74:2007-2015, 1993) describes hypoxic ventilatory decline (HVD) as a decline in peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity. The second is an extended model which incorporates a component of HVD that is independent of peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity. The models incorporate a parallel noise structure. It is concluded that, in some subjects but not others, there is a component of HVD which is independent of peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity. Chapter 5 studies the human ventilatory response to cyclic isocapnic hypoxia. Both a simple proportional dynamic model suggested by Clement and Robbins (Respir. Physiol. 92:253-175, 1993), and an extended model with an additional non-linear rate-sensitive component are studied. The models incorporate a parallel noise structure. The results show that, although the extended model improves the fit to the data for some subjects, both models failed to explain the data fully, especially the occasional large breaths, which were shown to occur more frequently in some parts of the hypoxic cycle than other parts.
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Delaney, Melinda Gallo 1975. "Ground-based study of an expert system for human assistance on the STS-95 sleep and respiration experiment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81554.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001.Pages 83-84 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).
by Melinda Gallo Delaney.
S.M.
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Gutschow, Barbara Anne. "A near real time photogrammetric PC based system to study regional body surface motions of human beings during respiration." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15824.
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Bibliography: pages 167-170.The purpose of this thesis was to develop a near real time photogrammetric PC based system to study the regional body surface motions of human beings during respiration. By being able to measure the body surface motion of the human torso during breathing it is possible to evaluate the respiratory muscle functions, i.e. the functions of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, the only skeletal muscles that are essential to life and which enable us to breathe. Previous studies in this field over the past years have successfully employed stereophotogrammetric analysis. The traditional photogrammetric method however was very time consuming in that it involved the taking of stereo pictures with 35mm cameras, developing the negatives and measuring them in a stereocomparator. The time factor involved severely restricted the research to physiologic studies. For the study to be expanded so that it could be used as a diagnostic tool in the hospital ward environment the time to obtain the necessary results had to be considerably reduced and simplified. A near real time photogrammetric PC based system had to be designed to replace the traditional photogrammetric method. A near real time system was developed for capturing dynamic pictures of the breathing cycle of the patients using a pair of video cameras, a two channel split screen vision mixer and a video cassette recorder with digital storage, all mounted on a custom built hospital cot for easy use in the hospital ward. The images to be measured are selected by viewing the split screen in dynamic stereoscopic mode and selected images are captured on an IBM personal computer equipped with an image processing card. A computing package called TAG has been designed for easy use by non-photogrammetric personnel to evaluate stored images. TAG guides the user through the different processing stages from connecting the video machine to the IBM computer, transferring the selected images, measuring control and object points on the images, and processing the data.
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Frise, Matthew. "Iron deficiency and human hypoxia physiology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a6cbaa64-eed4-43db-8a2f-2826e6bbd249.
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This thesis is concerned with a very common disorder of iron homeostasis: iron deficiency. The specific focus is the manner in which iron deficiency influences physiological responses to hypoxia in humans. This work is predicated on observations made over many decades in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that variations in the bioavailability of iron have important consequences for certain biological processes known to depend on oxygen availability. Three separate but related studies together form the basis for this thesis. The first two, Study A and Study B, adopt a similar approach in recruiting healthy volunteers who differ according to iron status, yielding iron-deficient and iron-replete groups in both cases. In Study A, the behaviour of the pulmonary circulation is investigated during a sustained hypoxic exposure, before and after an intravenous infusion of iron. In Study B, skeletal muscle metabolism is explored, both at the level of high-energy phosphate metabolism and the integrated physiological responses to exercise on a cycle ergometer. In the third study, Study C, a different approach is taken, recruiting patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and exploring the prevalence and associations of iron deficiency in this condition. Chapters 2 and 3 describe experiments using sustained hypoxia in a normobaric chamber, during which the pulmonary circulation is assessed non-invasively using Doppler echocardiography. These reveal augmented hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in iron-deficient individuals, who also exhibit greater sensitivity to the effects of an infusion of intravenous iron. Additionally, the way in which certain circulating mediators important for iron haemostasis change over the course of these hypoxic exposures, and how iron status influences these responses, is explored. Chapter 4 reports the findings of experiments using 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cardiopulmonary exercise testing, which demonstrate abnormal whole-body metabolism in iron-deficient individuals during large muscle-mass exercise, despite the absence of a clear defect in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Intravenous iron is found to have significant effects to alter the lactate threshold in healthy individuals, but the effects are more striking in iron-deficient individuals. Collectively, these experiments imply that iron deficiency promotes a more glycolytic phenotype. Chapter 5 explores iron deficiency in COPD, a condition in which pulmonary vascular disease, hypoxia and skeletal muscle dysfunction coexist, and examines some of the difficulties in assessing iron status in the setting of a chronic inflammatory disorder. Iron deficiency is found to be common, and unexpectedly associated with significantly more severe hypoxaemia, in patients with COPD. Possible reasons for these findings, and their clinical implications, are considered. Chapter 6 provides a summary of the main conclusions to be drawn from the studies presented in this thesis.
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Mukherjee, Shomik. "Sketching the human self : a synthesis of insights gained by heeding the experience of breath and voice." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2017. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=235513.
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In this thesis I (1) identify some problems in the Popperian scientific method; (2) develop, as an alternative, and to a level of usability, a phenomenological method of knowing; (3) use this method to make a series of inferences about the nature of the human self; (4) compare and contrast my inferences with those of other scholars working on the same themes; and (5) let some of my inferences suggest ways of developing the method further. I show (1:1) how the scientific method is underpinned by a paradigm of ontic dualism; (1:2) how this paradigm has led to a certain conception of the human self; and (1:3) how this conception has led to the normalization of harmful ways of acting in the world, and thus to a planet made up of living beings who cannot find a steady fit with each other's life-ways. I develop an alternative method by building on the work of (2:1) Goethe, (2:2) Holdrege, (2:3) Ellis and (2:4) Heidegger. In essence this method consists of recalling and making inferences from one's experience. (3:1) I undertook a set of six activities (sometimes spoken of as 'Sufism'). (3:2) I try to understand my findings in the light of the ideas of four scholars: the teacher who leads these activities, Murshid Saadi, eleventhcentury polymath ibn Sina, anthropologist Tim Ingold and philosopher David Abram. (3:3) I make fifteen inferences about the human self, falling into seven themes: monism, mood, willing, perceiving, speaking, growing, and substantiveness. (4) Comparing and contrasting my conclusions with those of other scholars suggests that they are valid. (5) I develop the method further by incorporating into it the delineation of classes of phenomena and the delineation of patterns of phenomenal change. I end by discussing some implications for ethical human life-ways.
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Skrip, Betsy. "Imaging the airways : 3D modeling of a complete respiratory airway for use in computational flow dynamics studies of particle deposition in the lungs ; Creation of an educational animation about the respiratory system for use in the Human Visualization Project and CollaboRITorium /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7744.
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Griffiths, Timothy Leonard. "The action of adenosine on human respiration : some physiological observations of its effect on breathing and a method for its measurement in blood." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239537.
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Ahmad, Bahuri Nor Faizal. "The effects of volitional breathing and carbon dioxide inhalation on human local field potentials." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a5431969-0a68-4450-9a12-f5a3288d3730.
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Breathing is an automatic process that we hardly pay any attention to in our daily life. As a social species, we interact using body movement, speech and emotion and these actions require modification of the respiratory pattern. While we understood how the respiratory rhythm is generated, we do not have clear evidence on how higher cortical signals modulate the respiratory pattern. The deep cortical structures in the human brain are inaccessible under normal circumstances, and deep brain stimulation electrode recordings offer an opportunity to understand the neurophysiological interactions ofdeeper brain structures. In this thesis, I investigated deep brain stimulation recordings from implanted electrodes in chronic neuropathic pain subjects in the right and left anterior cingulate cortices, the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus and periventricular gray region. The objectives of this research were to elucidate the feed-forward mechanisms of volitional breathing, cortical autonomic regulation, and to investigate whether any of the investigated nuclei haveany carbon dioxide-sensitive neurons which may encode respiratory sensation. The results show lateralisation of the cortical autonomic control whereby the left anterior cingulate exhibits increases in beta band activity (30 to 90 Hz) with cognition and vocalisation tasks. Meanwhile, right anterior cingulate activity increases with hyperoxia. Respiration using various carbon dioxide concentrations shows a constant rise in the alpha band (8 to 14 Hz) activity in the PVG which suggests a sensitive, nonspecific neuronal activity related to systemic carbon dioxide levels.
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Hafen, Paul S. "Deep-Tissue Heating as a Therapeutic Intervention to Prevent Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Humans." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7464.
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Skeletal muscle is a highly adaptable tissue that comprises approximately 40% of total body weight while accounting for up to 90% of whole-body oxygen consumption and energy expenditure during exercise. The loss of skeletal muscle protein and subsequent decrease in muscle mass (atrophy) that accompanies disuse results primarily from a decrease in intracellular protein synthesis combined with an increase in proteolytic activity. Interestingly, these processes of skeletal muscle atrophy are amplified by changes in mitochondrial capacity, with evidence suggesting that the maintenance of mitochondria during periods of disuse protects skeletal muscle against atrophy. Remarkably, rodents with denervated muscle are protected against muscle atrophy following whole-body heat stress. The mechanism of protection appears to be tied to the observed increases in heat shock protein (HSP) and PGC-1α, which accompany the heat stress. Without any published observations as to whether such heat-induced protection against muscle atrophy would translate to human muscle, the aim of this project was to determine the extent to which deep tissue heating (via pulsed shortwave diathermy) might provide protection against skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Gallego, Jorge. "L'Apprentissage ventilatoire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613756v.
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Florens, Magali. "Morphologie et transport dans l'arbre trachéobronchique humain : modèles, propriétés et applications." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618099.
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Les voies aériennes du système respiratoire humain sont constituées des voies extrathoraciques et de l'arbre bronchique, lui-même se divisant en deux sous-structures arborescentes, l'arbre trachéobronchique et les acini. L'arbre trachéobronchique, constitué des voies aériennes exclusivement conductives, a pour rôle d'acheminer l'air extérieur jusqu'aux unités d'échanges gazeux, les acini. Nous nous sommes intéressés dans cette thèse plus particulièrement à l'arborescence trachéobronchique. Nous avons développé tout d'abord un modèle géométrique de la morphologie trachéobronchique visant à établir un niveau de description intermédiaire entre un modèle trop simplifié, qui oublierait des caractéristiques géométriques de la morphologie essentielles à la compréhension de la ventilation, et un modèle exhaustif de la géométrie, difficilement exploitable dans son ensemble. Une fois cette géométrie élaborée, nous avons développé deux modèles de ventilation, l'un à l'inspiration au repos et l'autre à l'expiration forcée. Ces derniers reproduisent le comportement ventilatoire de l'arborescence trachéobronchique, tel que mesuré chez les patients. A partir de ces modèles géométriques et physiologiques, nous avons ensuite étudié l'influence de l'asymétrie de branchement, caractéristique morphologique essentielle de l'arborescence trachéobronchique, sur la ventilation. Nous avons mis en évidence l'existence d'un degré d'asymétrie optimal, permettant à la fois une ventilation efficace des acini et une robustesse face aux altérations de la structure bronchique. De façon intéressante, ce degré d'asymétrie correspond à celui mesuré chez l'homme, suggérant une possible adaptation de l'asymétrie au cours de l'évolution. Enfin, grâce aux modèles physiologiques mis au point dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié quelques pathologies pulmonaires modèles et reproduit les mesures spirométriques des patients. Également, nous avons entamé la simulation et l'étude d'images de ventilation pulmonaire, ainsi que du dépôt de particules dans l'arborescence trachéobronchique. De telles études ouvrent de nombreuses perspectives quant à la compréhension, au diagnostic et à aux possibles thérapies des pathologies pulmonaires.
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Lévy, Patrick. "Analyse globale des propriétés mécaniques du système respiratoire : renouveau de la technique d'interruption du débit." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10024.
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Les deux premiers travaux montrent l'importance des résistances liées aux inégalités de constantes de temps (inhomogénéité de distribution de la ventilation et/ou propriétés viscoélastiques du système) chez le lapin et le chien. La troisième étude expérimentale est l'application chez l'homme ventilé mécaniquement de la méthode de l'interruption pour déterminer la totalité des propriétés mécaniques du système respiratoire
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Luitingh, Taryn Leigh. "Adaptation of the microbial decomposer community to the burial of skeletal muscle tissue in contrasting soils." University of Western Australia. Centre for Forensic Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0037.
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Microorganisms are known to be agents involved in the decomposition of organic matter. However, little is known about the participation of the microbial communities during the decomposition of mammalian skeletal muscle tissue. This study investigates the capacity of the soil microbial community to adapt to the decomposition of skeletal muscle tissue in differing soils. This has implications for the study of mass graves and sites of repeated burial. A controlled laboratory experiment was designed to assess the adaptability of microbial communities present in three distinct soil types (sand, loamy sand and sandy clay loam) found near Perth, Western Australia. This experiment was split into two main stages. The initial decomposition stage involved the addition of porcine skeletal muscle tissue (SMT) (Sus scrofa) to each of the three soil types which were then left to decompose for a period of time. Controls were run in parallel, which had no porcine SMT present. The second decomposition stage involved a second addition of SMT to the soils obtained from the initial decomposition stage. Therefore, for each soil, SMT was either decomposed in the soil that had been pre-exposed to SMT or not. The rate of decomposition, microbial activity (CO2 respiration) and microbial biomass (substrate-induced respiration) were monitored during the second decomposition stage. The functional diversity of the microbial populations in the soil were assessed using Community-Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP). Across the three soil types, the re-introduction of SMT to the soil has led to its enhanced decomposition (measured by tissue mass loss and microbial activity) by the microbial communities. This microbial adaptation may have been facilitated by a functional change in the soil microbial communities.
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Roussel, Olivier. "Contribution à l'étude de la morbi-mortalité lors de l'usage de drogues récréatives : GHB-THC, seuls ou associés à l'éthanol." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781683.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est de détailler les effets respiratoires induits par les associations de l'éthanol au THC et de l'éthanol au GHB. Les études ont été menées chez l'animal non anesthésié par pléthysmographie corps entier pendant les quatre heures suivant l'administration intrapéritonéale. Dans une première étape, les effets respiratoires de la prise isolée d'éthanol et de GHB ont été étudiés. Ces deux substances modifient le mode respiratoire : l'éthanol provoquant une tachypnée dès 3 g.kg-1, le GHB une respiration apneustique dès 600 mg.kg-1, sans insuffisance respiratoire (PaO2 normale). Les modifications des gaz du sang observées : acidémie pour l'éthanol et alcalose pour le GHB sont d'origine métabolique. A ces doses, ces deux substances perturbent aussi la conscience des animaux et la thermorégulation : l'éthanol induit une hypothermie et le GHB une évolution triphasique de la température : hypothermie/hyperthermie/ hypothermie. Les dosages sanguins et les études cinétiques menés lors de ces études confirment la vraisemblance de notre modèle et sa pertinence clinique et médicolégale. L'étude des associations à l'éthanol montre que les effets respiratoires du THC et du GHB sont conservés, seule leur association à la dose de 3 g.kg-1 d'éthanol a provoqué une baisse de la ventilation minute avec réduction du débit inspiratoire mais selon des mécanismes différents : baisse du volume courant pour l'association THC-éthanol et augmentation de la durée des apnées expiratoires pour celle du GHB à l'éthanol. Pour cette dernière, l'interaction cinétique observée après administration intrapéritonéale n'explique pas l'intensité du phénomène, une potentialisation est probable.
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Bijaoui, Eve Lucienne. "Assessment of respiratory mechanics in humans : application to subjects predisposed to apnea." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE19012.
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Pulmonary monitoring during neonatal and adult human artificial ventilation is generally done by fitting accurate measurements of pressure anf flow signals at the airway opening to a simple linear model of the respiratory system using multiple linear regression. However, the frequent occurrence of airleaks between the endotracheal tube (ETT) and the trachea of neonates results in errors in flow measurement. These can lead to errors in the estimation of respiratory resistance and elastance, and also in the estimation of positive-end expiratory pressure We found that lung elastance is markedly increased during sleep-disordered breathing, probably due to airspace closure as lung volume falls during sleepLa surveillance pulmonaire pendant la ventilation artificielle chez l'adulte et le nouveau-né est généralement obtenue en approximant par une méthode des moindres carrés les signaux de pression et débit mesurés à l'ouverture des voies aériennes à un modèle linéaire simple du système respiratoire. Cependant, l'apparition fréquente d'une fuite d'air entre le tube endotrachéal (ETT) et la trachée des nouveau-nés provoque des erreurs dans la mesure du débit, entraînant une estimation erronée de la résistance et de l'élastance respiratoire et aussi de la pression positive de fin d'expiration (PEEP). Nous avons mis au point une technique permettant de corriger le débit pour une fuite d'air autour du ETT, basée sur l'estimation de la résistance de fuite Notre étude a démontré que l'élastance pulmonaire augmente de manière importante pendant les épisodes obstructifs. Ces changements pourraient s'expliquer par la diminution du volume pulmonaire induite par l'obstruction, entraînant ainsi le collapsus de certaines unités respiratoires
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Liu, Wan-yeung Adrian. "The influence of an external nasal dilator on breathing in humans during exercise /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B24873251.
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Ren, Xiaohui. "Slow adaptations within the chemoreflexes regulating breathing in humans." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365793.
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Lin, Jian-Man. "Islet insulin secretory patterns in diabetes and the role of UCP2." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Cell Biology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2989.
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During development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes plasma insulin patterns are altered. Since the islet insulin release pattern has been implicated in this development, insulin secretion from single islets was studied and linked to the islet protein levels of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). Islets were isolated from NOD- and KKAy- mice, GK- and GK-derived congenic rats, which are animal models of diabetes, and three human subjects with type 2 diabetes. At basal glucose (3 mM), insulin release from such islets was pulsatile and the amount released was comparable to that of control islets. When the glucose concentration was raised to 11 mM insulin release was essentially unchanged in islets isolated from older NOD- and KKAy- mice, GK- and Niddm1i congenic rats, and NIDDM persons. In islets from Niddm1f congenic rats, younger NOD- and KKAy-mice, control animals and normal human donors the secretion rate increased 2-9 fold when the glucose concentration was raised. This rise in secretion was manifested as increase of the amplitude of the insulin oscillations without affecting their frequency. Impaired glucose-induced insulin release was associated with reduction in glucose oxidation measured in NOD-islets, unaffected respiration measured in GK-islets and higher protein level of UCP2 measured in KKAy-islets. When the UCP2 amounts in KKAy-islets were reduced by culture to those of control islets, glucose-induced insulin secretion was essentially normalized. Our studies suggest that the deranged plasma insulin patterns observed in diabetes are related to decrease in the amplitude of insulin oscillations from the islets rather than loss of the oscillatory activity. This reduction of pulse amplitude may be related to impaired glucose metabolism and/or increased mitochondrial uncoupling.
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Boothe, Gregory David 1956. "Exercise protocols and their effects on quantitative respirator fit tests." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277122.
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A negative pressure quantitative fit testing device was used to test the effect exercise protocol has on leakage rates into a negative pressure respirator. Modified exercise protocols were developed for use with the negative pressure system. Aerosol data was analyzed to determine the effect exercises have had on leakage rates using other QNFT systems. Results show that the position of the head affects the amount of leakage into the facepiece. Mean leakage into the respirator mask increased for all positions tested in one phase of the study. However, statistical analysis of the data showed that the increase was not statistically significant. Aerosol data analysis also showed that increases in leakage into the mask were not statistically significant. Conclusions drawn from this study are that although movement of the head may affect the leakage into a respirator it is not significant enough to alter the protection afforded the worker.
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Zukurov, Jean Paulo Lopes. "Caracterização molecular de Vírus Respiratório Sincicial Humano (HRSV) isolados na cidade de São Paulo no período de 2007 a 2008." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-17082010-131036/.
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O Vírus Respiratório Sincicial Humano (HRSV) é considerado o principal causador de doenças agudas do trato respiratório inferior durante a infância, sendo o principal responsável por um elevado índice de hospitalização de crianças com até cinco anos de idade. Possui distribuição mundial, podendo acometer todas as faixas etárias, entretanto as crianças de 6 semanas a 9 meses são as que desenvolvem problemas mais sérios, como pneumonia e bronquiolite. A epidemia de HRSV apresenta uma sazonalidade bem clara, ocorrendo anualmente no período de outono tardio, inverno ou início da primavera, mas não durante o verão. No presente estudo foi realizada a análise da região G2 da glicoproteína G do HRSV. Um total de 44 amostras positivas para o HRSV do Hospital Universitário (HU) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), nos anos de 2007-2008, foram seqüenciadas e posteriormente analisadas, sendo então comparadas com seqüências obtidas do NCBI/GeneBank. A análise filogenética mostrou que os genótipos GA2 e GA5, do grupo A, foram os predominantes nos anos de 2007 e 2008, alternando o padrão verificado nos anos anteriores, onde os genótipos do grupo B foram altamente predominantes. A comparação das mutações sinônimas e não sinônimas mostrou uma grande evidência de seleção positiva nos genótipos GA2 e GA5 do grupo A.Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (HRSV) is considered the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and young children and are the main guilty for the elevated children hospitalizations rate under 5 years of age. The HRSV has a world-wide distribution, being able to attack all the ages however the 6 weeks to 9 months children of are the ones that develop more serious problems as pneumonia and bronquiolite. The HRSV outbreak presents a well defined season, occurring annually in the delayed falls period, winter or springs beginning, but not during the summer. In the present study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis from G2 region of HRSV G glycoprotein. Forty four samples positive for HRSV from University Hospital (UH) of University of Sao Paulo (USP) in 2007-2008, were submitted to sequencing by PCR and compared with GenBank sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HRSV group A genotypes GA2 and GA5 was the predominant in 2007-2008, alternating the standard verified in the previous years, where the group B genotypes had been highly predominant. Comparison of the synonymous/nonsynonymous mutation ratios showed greater evidence for positive selection pressure for group A genotypes GA2 and GA5.
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Chou, Yang-Ling. "Respiratory mechanoreceptor activation of somatosensory cortex in humans." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0009242.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2005.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 124 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Teyssié, Stéphanie. "Du dispositif d’images comme respiration entre soi et le monde." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20083.
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Élaborée autour d’une pratique plastique de dispositifs d’images, proposant la mise en scène de photographies de corps, projetées dans l’obscurité et s’enchaînant l’une à l’autre pour échapper à la fixité de leur matière, dans un mouvement propice à retrouver celui de la vie, cette réflexion porte essentiellement sur la question du temps. C’est en envisageant la vie de chacun comme un processus en marche, trop lent pour être perçu à l’œil nu, que m’a été révélée cette possibilité plastique de la donner à voir en saisissant les drames de l’instabilité et de la fragilité de l’image photographique, et par la même la nôtre. Véritable itinéraire Proustien de la reconstruction d’un passé où la nostalgie inévitable se mêle à une lueur d’espoir, celle d’un temps retrouvé, celle d’un second souffle, d’une nouvelle respiration entre soi et le monde, mon travail figure le temps du battement, de la reprise, l’enchevêtrement de l’être avec autrui, de l’être et de l’espace, de l’être et du tempsCarefully worked out around in plastic forms of images – shaped and modelled on body photographs projected in the dark and tied together to escape the solidity of their forms – moving to find life – this reflexion essentially bears upon the problem of time. It is imagining someone’s life like a movement too slow to be seen by the naked eye, that has shown to me this artistic possibility to show it with all the dramatic instability and fragility of a photographic representation, and by the same our own. A true Proustian voyage of the reconstruction of the past where inevitably nostalgia meets with a glimmer of hope, as time is regained, as a second coming, and another breath between oneself and the world, my work symbolizes the beating of time, of the renewal, the entanglement of one with another, of one with space, of one with time
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Liu, Wan-yeung Adrian, and 廖允瑒. "The influence of an external nasal dilator on breathing in humans during exercise." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29711447.
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Blain, Grégory. "Analyse et modélisation temps-fréquence du couplage cardiorespiratoire humain en situation d'exercice physique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22094.
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L’arythmie sinusale respiratoire (ASR) et la modulation auriculo-ventriculaire respiratoire (MAVR) ont été étudiées à l’exercice, au moyen d’une modélisation temps-fréquence. Alors que l’ASR et la MAVR sont principalement médiées par l’activité vagale au repos, nous avons montré que celles-ci persistent aux plus hautes intensités de l’exercice. Cette persistance dépend à la fois de la fréquence respiratoire et du volume courant, suggérant un effet mécanique direct de la ventilation. Au cours d’une ergométrie maximale, nous avons également montré que les seuils ventilatoires peuvent être détectés par l’analyse de la fréquence instantanée de l’ASR. Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence une hystérésis dans la relation "intervalle P-R vs intervalle P-P" de l’ECG, quand les données issues de l’exercice et de la récupération sont comparées. Deux hypothèses impliquant ou non le système nerveux autonome (« fatigue » du nœud auriculo-ventriculaire) peuvent notamment expliquer ce résultatRespiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the respiratory modulation of the atrioventricular conduction time (RMAV) were studied during exercise, using a time-frequency modelling. Although RSA and RMAV are vagally mediated at rest, we have shown that these phenomena persist during intense exercise. This persistence is strongly linked to both the respiratory frequency and the tidal volume, suggesting a mechanical influence of breathing. During maximal and graded exercise test, we have also shown that the "RSA instantaneous frequency vs. Power" relationship could be used to assess the ventilatory thresholds. In a third study, we have pointed out an hysteresis in the "P-R interval vs P-P interval" relationship, when data from the exercise and the recovery period were compared. A “fatigue” phenomenon of the atrioventricular node and/or a different autonomic effect on the sinus and the atrioventricular node may explain this result
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Mazéas, Dominique. "La respiration et la mise en mouvement de l'auto-érotisme dans la psychothérapie avec les enfants." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070054.
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La respiration est une fonction vitale, réflexe, qui a la particularité d'être en partie contrôlable. Elle participe des relations précoces comme de la mise en forme expressive des émotions. Dans les aménagements autistiques, marqués par la présence de fixations à des registres de fonctionnement psychique et corporel archaïques, elle apparaît encore peu intégrée psychiquement et souvent énigmatique pour le clinicien. Cette recherche propose d'étudier le ressort thérapeutique offert par la prise en compte de la dimension respiratoire dans le transfert avec les personnes autistes ou présentant des traits autistiques. Le matériel clinique issu de la psychothérapie psychanalytique de cinq enfants révèle que la réception transférentielle du matériel respiratoire favorise la relance de la construction de l'image du corps, ainsi que la transformation des vécus de dépression primaire. La respiration se trouve au coeur de trois types d'expérience pour le patient. La première est celle de la coordination de ses impressions sensorielles et de ses ressentis dans la relation. La seconde, fondée sur la succession de l'inspiration et de l'expiration, est celle de l'alternance, présente par ailleurs dans l'échange dialogué. Enfin l'expérience de la malléablité s'enrichit dans l'exploration des modulations respiratoires qui font du souffle un objet transformable. Quand ces expériences impliquant la respiration sont élaborées dans le transfert, elles réduisent les aménagements auto-sensuels du patient au profit de compositions fantasmatiques auto-érotiques qui portent la trace de la relation à l'autre. Elles pourraient inviter en conséquence à élargir la définition de l'auto-érotisme et à préciser les conditions d'émergence du narcissismeBreathing is a vital reflex function which distinctive feature is to be partly controllable. It's involved in primary care as in emotional shaping. Autistic organizations reveal fixations about archaic ways of using mind and body. Breathing appears un-integrated and seems to be enigmatic for clinician. This research aims to study how turning attention's clinician to breathing in transference with autistics patients, is helping therapeutic process. Five psychoanalytic psychotherapies with children show that therapist's responsiveness to breathing clinical material revives the constitution of body-image and transforms primary depression's experiences. Breathing is central for three kind of experiences. The first one, that I call coordination, is being able to match sensory feelings and emotions in the relationship. The second one is based on the breathing cycle and corresponds to the experience of the alternation, also found in the spoken interactions. Finally, playing with breathing modulations that turn blow into flexible matter, sustains the experience of malleability. When those experiences related to breathing are worked out in the transference relationship, auto-sensual defenses decrease and, in balance, auto-erotic fantasies, based on recollections of the other, increase. Therefore the definition of auto-erotism might be extended and the way the narcissism arises specified
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Emeriaud, Guillaume. "Variations de la capacité résiduelle fonctionnelle chez le prématuré. Interactions avec la ventilation assistée." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338412.
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La capacité résiduelle fonctionnelle (CRF), volume pulmonaire en fin d'expiration normale, est un paramètre essentiel des échanges gazeux. Chez le nourrisson, le maintien du niveau de CRF dépend de l'interaction de différents mécanismes, contrairement à l'équilibre passif observé chez l'adulte. Nous avons essayé d'améliorer la compréhension de ces mécanismes. Dans un premier temps, nous avons confirmé la persistance d'une activité tonique du diaphragme jusqu'en fin d'expiration chez des nourrissons intubés. Cette activité augmente en l'absence de pression expiratoire positive, renforçant l'hypothèse de son implication dans le maintien de la CRF. Nous avons ensuite adapté une méthode de pléthysmographie par inductance pour une utilisation chez le prématuré, y compris en présence d'asynchronisme thoraco-abdominal ou d'assistance ventilatoire. Cette méthode a permis de montrer que chez les prématurés, la variabilité de la CRF est élevée, n'est pas purement aléatoire, et contient une part significative d'autocorrélation. En cas de pathologie respiratoire, le profil de variabilité est différent, avec une autocorrélation plus importante. Cela suggère des retours à l'état antérieur plus lents après perturbation du niveau de CRF. Chez les nourrissons sous assistance respiratoire, l'autocorrélation est encore plus élevée. La caractérisation de la variabilité de la CRF, reflet du degré de liberté du système de contrôle, et la mesure de l'activité tonique du diaphragme, reflet des efforts du nourrisson pour augmenter la CRF, devraient permettre d'améliorer encore la compréhension de la régulation de la CRF, et d'améliorer la prise en charge ventilatoire de ces patients.
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Ashadi, Fakhrul Rozi. "Respiratory Neural Network in Humans : Spatiotemporal Mapping of Neural Oscillations and Mathematical Modelling." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC229.
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Respirer implique l'interaction entre le réseau du tronc cérébral automatique et la commande corticale. Les deux réseaux interagissent de manière harmonieuse et contrôlent les muscles respiratoires afin d'assurer la stabilité des gaz du sang lors de la respiration volontaire (parler, lors de l'inspiration profonde ou bien lors d'une augmentation de charge respiratoire). Comprendre le réseau neuronal respiratoire est fondamental pour de nombreuses raisons aussi bien en médicine qu'en physiologie et en physique: (i) l'augmentation de charge ventilatoire est une caractéristique majeure de plusieurs maladies respiratoires (Broncho Pneumopathie Chronique Obstructive (BPCO), emphysème, fibroses pulmonaire), (ii) l'insuffisance motrice et sensorielle corticales sont parmi les mécanismes qui précède l'insuffisance respiratoire aigüe. Par ailleurs certaines structures cérébrales impliquées dans la réponse à une charge ventilatoire participent également à la sensation d'essoufflement (dyspnée), un symptôme pénible décrit dans de nombreuses maladies, (iii) Ce réseau neuronal vital pourrait bénéficier de la construction d'un modèle mathématique pour simuler et analyser ses dynamiques dans des états pathologiques et pourrait également servir comme paradigme de la synchronisation physique et physiologique. Les interventions thérapeutiques pourraient aussi être testées sur le modèle du réseau, comme par exemple les effets d'un champ magnétique (stimulation magnétique transcranienne) pour modifier la connectivité cérébrale. Il serait ensuite possible de tester cette approche chez les patients BPCO en utilisant les techniques cérébrales neuromodulatrice afin d'augmenter la performance muscles respiratoire. Utilisant l'électroencéphalographie haute densité nous construisons dans cette thèse la carte spatio-temporelle du réseau neuronal respiratoire chez 20 sujets contrôles et comparons sa dynamique lors de l'application d'une charge ventilatoire et lors d'un mouvement de la main. Les analyses temps-fréquences révèlent des schémas spécifiques du réseau pour chaque action motrice. Pour comprendre la communication cérébrale, nous reproduisons mathématiquement le codage de la fréquence neuronale. Il y a trois composants principaux à construire dans le modèle : le modèle neuronal, la carte de connexion, et le schéma synaptique. Ensemble ils sont responsables de la dynamique du réseau neuronal. Pour le modèle neuronal, nous utilisons Hodgkin-Huxley base sur la conductance, qui est un ensemble d'équations différentielles non-linéaire qui se rapproche des caractéristiques des cellules excitables (comme les neurones). Nous considérons le régime tonic spiking du modèle. Pour la carte de connexion, c'est-à-dire la façon dont sont connectés les neurones les uns aux autres, nous considérons des neurones places sur des grilles cartésiennes en 2 dimensions. La connexion entre deux neurones est gouvernée de manière probabiliste basée sur la distance euclidienne. Pour le schéma synaptique, les neurones sont excitateurs ou inhibiteurs et ils ont une connexion chimique. Dans le réseau, un neurone est soit excitateur, soit inhibiteur et cela est gouverne de manière partiellement probabiliste. Le type de connexion dépend du type de neurone. Finalement dans cette thèse nous reproduisons la dynamique d'une région d'intérêt du réseau cortical et l'interaction complexe entre deux régions d'intérêtBreathing involves a complex interplay between the automatic brainstem network and the cortical command. Both networks interact harmoniously to control respiratory muscles contraction, thereby ensuring normal blood gas levels either during speech, volitional breathing or a ventilatory load increase. Understanding the respiratory neural network is crucial for many reasons in medicine, physiology and physics: (1) increased respiratory loading is a major feature of several respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis), (2) failure of the voluntary motor and cortical sensory processing drives is among the mechanisms that precedes acute respiratory failure. In addition some of the cerebral structures involved in responding to inspiratory loading also participate in the perception of breathlessness, a common and often distressing symptom in many diseases, (3) This neural network vital for life would benefit from the building of a mathematical model able to simulate and analyze its dynamics in disease conditions and may serve as a paradigm of physiological and physical synchronization. Therapeutic interventions could also be tested on the network model, for instance with a magnetic field, to alter connectivity. It will be then possible to test such approach in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using cerebral neuro-modulating techniques with the goal to increase respiratory muscle performance. Using high density electroencephalography, we built the spatiotemporal map of the respiratory neural network during inspiratory loading in 20 healthy control subjects, and compared its dynamics to another motor network (hand motion). Time-frequency analyzes revealed the specific neural frequency patterns. To understand the brain communication, we reproduced mathematically the neural frequency code. There are three main components in the model: the neuronal scheme, the connectivity map and the synaptic model. Altogether, they are responsible of the dynamics of the neural networks. For the neuronal scheme, we use the Hodgkin Huxley (conductance-based) model, a set of nonlinear differential equations that approximates the electrical characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons. We consider the tonic-spiking regime of the model. For the connectivity map, the way neurons are connected into one another, we consider neurons that are placed in a two dimensional Cartesian grids. Connectivity between two neurons is governed probabilistically based on their Euclidean distance. For the synaptic model, neurons are either excitatory or inhibitory and are chemically connected. In the network, whether a neuron is excitatory or inhibitory is decided probabilistically. The type of connection depends on the type of the neurons. Finally, we are now able to replicate the dynamics of a specific region of interest (ROI) of the network and the complex interactions between two ROIs
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Vivancos, Cécile. "Mécanisme et conséquences métaboliques de l'internalisation de l'hormone de croissance." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012032.
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Toutes les actions biologiques de l'hormone de croissance (GH) sont initiées par l'interaction de l'hormone avec un homodimère de son récepteur spécifique (GHR2) présent au niveau de la surface de ses cellules-cibles. Cette association conduit à l'activation de différentes voies de transduction du signal intracellulaire ainsi qu'à l'internalisation du complexe GH-GHR2, notamment au niveau de la mitochondrie. L'objectif de cette étude est de montrer le mécanisme et l'implication de l'internalisation par les cavéoles dans la régulation de l'action de la GH au niveau de la fonction mitochondriale. Nous avons montré l'importance de la boîte 1 du GHR dans la stimulation de l'activité respiratoire globale ; le transport de la GH par la voie des cavéoles dans la mitochondrie ; l'importance de la localisation intramitochondriale de la GH dans la régulation des complexes II et IV de la chaîne respiratoire. Ces résultats suggèrent une nouvelle voie d'action directe de la GH sur la mitochondrie
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Briffaud, Virginie. "Rythme lent du bulbe olfactif : étude des oscillations du potentiel de membrane des cellules mitrales/à panache et de leurs relations avec l'activité de décharge et l'activité du réseau." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820089.
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Le rythme lent lié à la respiration est une caractéristique proéminente de l'activité du bulbe olfactif de rat. Il se définit par des oscillations de grande amplitude du potentiel de champ local, une activité de décharge des cellules mitrales/ à panache (M/P) synchronisée à la respiration et des oscillations lentes de leur potentiel de membrane (OPLM). Des relations spécifiques entre ces activités détermineraient la participation d'une cellule M/P au traitement de l'information olfactive. Jusqu'à présent, il n'existait que très peu de données sur ces relations. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de caractériser les OLPM des cellules M/P et d'étudier les relations qu'elles entretiennent avec l'activité de décharge et l'activité du réseau bulbaire. Pour répondre à cet objectif, nous avons mis au point une technique d'enregistrements simultanés de l'activité intracellulaire des cellules M/P et du potentiel de champ local du bulbe olfactif chez l'animal anesthésié et libre de respirer. Nous montrons que plusieurs types d'OLPM existent. Des relations spécifiques s'établissent entre ces OLPM et la synchronisation de l'activité de décharge à la respiration. Nous observons également l'existence de relations complexes entre les OLPM et les oscillations du réseau bulbaire. L'ensemble de ces résultats nous permet d'intégrer la dynamique lente, et plus particulièrement celle du potentiel de membrane, à un schéma général du traitement de l'information olfactive et de proposer son implication dans la formation d'assemblée de neurones.
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Navarro, Xavier. "Analysis of cerebral and respiratory activity in neonatal intensive care units for the assessment of maturation and infection in the early premature infant." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979727.
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This Ph.D. dissertation processes and analyzes signals from the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) for the study of maturity, systemic infection (sepsis) and the influence of immunization in the premature newborn. A special attention is payed to the electroencephalography and the breathing signal. The former is often contaminated by several sources of noise, thus methods based on the signals decomposition and optimal noise cancellation, adapted to the characteristics of the immature EEG, were proposed and evaluated objectively on real and simulated signals. By means of the EEG and delta burst analysis, detected automatically by a proposed classifier, infant's maturation and the effects of vaccination are studied. Concerning the second signal, breathing, non-linear and fractal methods are adapted to evaluate maturity and sepsis. A robustness study of estimation methods is also conducted, showing that the Hurst exponent, estimated on respiratory variability signals, is a good detector of infection.
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Gendrin, Vincent. "Les formes graves de bronchiolite à virus respiratoire syncytial du nourrisson : à propos de 89 observations." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3051.
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Beyer, Benoit. "Contribution à la modélisation 3D du thorax humain durant le mouvement respiratoire : analyse in vivo de la cinématique des articulations du thorax." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1309/document.
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La respiration est un phénomène vital qui implique une synergie entre diverses structures anatomiques qui constituent le thorax. La physiologie articulaire reste un parent pauvre de la physiologie et la littérature concernant la quantification de la cinématique 3D des articulations du thorax durant le mouvement respiratoire est rare. Ce travail se concentre sur le développement et l'application d'une méthodologie permettant de répondre à cet objectif. La méthode développée combine le traitement de données tomodensitométriques réalisées à trois volumes pulmonaires différents et des techniques d'infographies. Les amplitudes (ROMs) et axes de mouvements (axe hélicoïdaux moyen, AHMs) ont été obtenus au niveau des articulations costo-vertébrales de 12 sujets asymptomatiques. En résumé, les amplitudes diminuent graduellement dans les étages inférieurs ; le volume pulmonaire et l'étage costal influencent significativement les amplitudes costales ; l'orientation des AHMs ne diffère pas entre les étages costaux. En complément, la méthode a été appliquée pour un échantillon de 10 patients atteints de mucoviscidose. La condition pathologique influençait significativement les amplitudes de mouvements mais pas l'orientation des AHMs. Enfin, le déplacement sternal, les variations de l'angle sternal et la cinématique des articulations sternocostales a été analysée. Les déplacements angulaires des côtes par rapport au sternum diminuaient dans les étages inférieurs comme au niveau des articulations costo-vertébrales. L'orientation des AHMs des articulations sternocostales ne différait pas entre les étages. Une corrélation linéaire a été mise en évidence entre les déplacements verticaux du sternum et les amplitudes de mouvement costales au niveau costo-vertébral et sternocostal. Ce travail contribue de façon substantielle à la modélisation 3D du thorax humain durant le mouvement respiratoire d'un point de vue qualitatif et quantitatifBreathing is a vital phenomenon that implies synergy of various anatomical structures that constitute the thorax. Joint physiology remains a relatively poorly-known component of the overall thorax physiology. Quantitative literature related to in vivo thorax kinematics during breathing is scarce. The present work focuses specifically on developing and applying a methodology to reach this goal. The developed method combined processing of CT data obtained at different lung volumes and infographic techniques. Detailed ranges of motion (ROMs) and axes of movement (mean helical axes, MHAs) were obtained at costovertebral joints in 12 asymptomatic subjects; rib ROMs gradually decrease with increasing rib number; lung volume and rib level have a significant influence on rib ROM; MHAs did not differ between rib levels. In addition, the method was applied on a sample of 10 patients with cystic fibrosis. The pathological condition significantly influenced CVJ ROMs while the orientation of the MHAs did not differ. Finally, the sternal displacement, sternal angle variations and sternocostal joints (SCJ at rib1 to 7) kinematics during breathing motion were analyzed. Rib ranges of motion relative to sternum decreased with increasing rib number similarly to CVJ. Orientation of the MHAs did not differ between SCJ levels. A significant linear correlation was demonstrated between sternum vertical displacement and rib ranges of motion at both CVJ and SCJ. The present work substantially contributes to 3D modelling of human thorax in breathing at a joint level both qualitatively and quantitatively
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Clavel, Louis. "Analyse et modélisation de l'interaction posturo-ventilatoire en physiologie et application en pathologie respiratoire chronique Compensation of Respiratory-Related Postural Perturbation Is Achieved by Maintenance of Head-to-Pelvis Alignment in Healthy Humans Breathing through a spirometer perturbs balance." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS061.
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En situation physiologique, les fonctions posturale et ventilatoire sont étroitement couplées. Une altération de l’interaction posturo-ventilatoire pourrait être à l’origine de dysfonctions posturales liées à des pathologies respiratoires chroniques, mais leurs mécanismes physiopathologiques restent encore mal connus. Ce projet de thèse a pour objectif de décrire et de modéliser le couplage neuro-mécanique entre les fonctions posturale et ventilatoire, chez le sujet sain et le patient présentant un SAOS (syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil). Sur une population de 50 sujets sains et de 14 patients SAOS, un premier volet a analysé l’interaction dynamique entre les fonctions posturale et ventilatoire et les modifications de la chaîne cinématique de l’équilibre postural lors de différentes manœuvres ventilatoires. Une analyse cinématique a été faite par analyse du mouvement 3D, permettant une mesure non disruptive de la ventilation. Il a donc été possible d'analyser les signaux posturaux et ventilatoire séparément, et de se concentrer sur l’interaction posturo-ventilatoire. Un deuxième volet s’est intéressé à l’analyse structurelle de l’influence du volume pulmonaire sur l’alignement postural et la cage thoracique. Une reconstruction 3D personnalisée du squelette a été effectuée à partir de radiographies bi-planes en position debout à différents volumes pulmonaires. Les modifications structurelles du rachis-pelvis et les déformations de la cage thoracique ont alors été modéliséesIn physiology, postural and ventilatory functions are tightly linked. Some clinical postural dysfunctions have been described in chronic respiratory pathologies. These postural dysfunctions could stem from a degradation of posturo-ventilatory interaction, but their physiopathological mechanisms are still unclear. The main objective of the thesis project was to describe and model this coupling between postural and ventilatory functions, in healthy subjects and in patient with OSAS (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome). It is divided in two parts, both applied to the study of a population of 50 healthy subjects and 14 OSAS patients. First, the dynamic interaction between postural and ventilatory functions is analyzed, and its modifications of the kinematic chain responsible for balance, along various ventilatory conditions as well. Using a motion capture system, a kinematic analysis was performed, synchronized to a non-disruptive ventilatory assessment to study postural and ventilatory signals separately, before focusing on the posturo-ventilatory interaction. Then a structural analysis of the lung volume influences on the postural alignment and the rib cage has been studied. A 3D skeletal subject specific reconstruction was performed based on biplanar radiographies in standing position at different lung volumes, in order to model the structural modifications on the spine-pelvis complex and the rib cage deformations as a function of the lung volume
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Lopes, Nuno Gabriel Alegre. "Relatório de prática de ensino supervisionada realizada na Escola de Música do Conservatório Nacional: a importância do conhecimento do corpo humano no estudo dos instrumentos de sopro." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23093.
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O presente relatório é inserido na disciplina do mestrado em ensino da música na disciplina de prática de ensino supervisionada realizado na Escola de Música do Conservatório Nacional, sob orientação da orientadora interna professora Doutora Liliane Bizineche, e pelo orientador cooperante Filipe Coelho. A primeira secção do relatório enquadra organizacionalmente a Escola de Música do Conservatório Nacional, descrevendo também os alunos, as metodologias e as práticas pedagógicas adotas pelo orientador cooperante. A segunda secção do relatório aborda a importância do conhecimento do corpo o humano no estudo dos instrumentos de sopro, abordando o sistema respiratório, respiração correta em instrumentistas de sopro, exercícios de respiração e aparelhos que potenciam a respiração. São abordadas também as lesões músculo-esqueléticas frequentes em instrumentistas de sopro, tal como as suas causas e formas de prevenção; Abstract: Supervised Teaching Practice Report held at the Escola de Música do Conservatório Nacional: The importance of the knowledge of the human body in the study of wind instruments This report is inserted in the discipline of the master's degree in music teaching in the discipline of supervised teaching practice conducted at the National Conservatory Music School, under the inner guidance of PhD Liliane Bizineche, and the cooperating advisor, Filipe Coelho. The first section of the report organizes the School of Music of the National Conservatory, also describing the students, the methodologies and the pedagogical practices adopted by the cooperating adviser. The second section of the report addresses The importance of the knowledge of the human body in the study of wind instruments, addressing the respiratory system, proper breathing in wind instrumentations, breathing exercises, and breathing enhancers. Muscle-skeletal lions that are frequent in wind instrument players, such as their causes and form of prevention, are also addressed.
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Perez-Christiaens, Noëlle. "Porter sur soi : se porter, porter, se comporter, transporter, se charger et se décharger sans dommage : contribution à l'étude d'une catégorie universelle de techniques : le transport des charges sur soi." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0322.
Full textAbstract:
A partir un travail très poussé de yoga, d'une recherche minutieuse de l'aplomb humain universel dans la vie et les travaux pratiques nombreux et variés avec des ouvriers et des paysans on a pu faire un inventaire qui a permis de décrire plus d'une trentaine de manières différentes de porter les charges sur soi sans s'endommager et ceci dans beaucoup de régions, un peu partout dans le monde.
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Hedlund, Niclas. "Tyst kunskap och produktdatasystem vid medicinteknisk tillverkning : Pilotstudie av system för produktdatahantering och kartläggning av den tysta kunskapen vid Nationellt respirationscetrum, NRC." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Information Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-126753.
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This thesis looks at two sides of the same coin: how to support the production and future development at a specialist medical technology department at Danderyd Hospital. The two sides are; a pilot study of a product management system (PDM) and an interview based study on the characteristics of the silent knowledge of the technicians. The department (National respiratory centre, NRC) is facing retirement of several key employees.
The technical study shows that the success of an implementation is largely dependent on the users’ prior knowledge and use of a 3D Computer aided design system (CAD).The system itself is shown to fulfill the Lifecycle requirement of tracking the products (mostly tracheostomy tubes) but without a CAD centered workflow, some substantial education and preferably some new recruits, an implementation of the PDM system will fail. The author recommends development of the current “low-tech” system of MS Excel and Access rather than redistribute the dependency from technician towards a complex, commercial software and its vendor.
The analysis of the technicians’ silent knowledge with the newly developed method, epithet for silent knowledge (ETK), shows that the longer employment time:
- the more differentiated technicians become in describing their work,
- practical knowledge are regarded higher and
- the social and collective problem solving factors of the work becomes more important.
Typically, it is shown that a new employee should preferably enjoy problem solving, being pragmatic and social as well as having some prior education or work experience in a CAD and/or a PDM system.
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Thille, Arnaud. "Asynchronies patient-ventilateur au cours de la ventilation assistée." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667286.
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Des asynchronies patient-ventilateur sont fréquemment observées en ventilation assistée. Objectif : Déterminer l'incidence et les facteurs favorisants des asynchronies, venant du patient, du ventilateur ou des réglages, et préciser le réglage optimal du ventilateur. Méthodes : Nous avons évalué l'incidence des asynchronies avec une méthode simple et non invasive basée sur l'analyse des courbes du ventilateur. Chez les patients qui présentaient des efforts inefficaces, nous avons mesuré l'effort inspiratoire avec une sonde œsophagienne afin d'optimiser le réglage du ventilateur. Nous avons évalué l'impact du mode ventilatoire sur la qualité du sommeil avec une polysomnographie complète. Enfin, tous les ventilateurs de réanimation ont été testés sur banc afin de comparer les performances en termes de trigger et pressurisation. Résultats : Près d'un quart des patients présentaient des asynchronies fréquentes. La durée de ventilation de ces patients était plus longue et le sevrage plus difficile. Les efforts inefficaces, qui représentaient les asynchronies les plus fréquentes, étaient favorisés par une assistance ventilatoire excessive. La réduction du niveau d'aide inspiratoire (AI) permettait d'éliminer quasi-complètement les efforts inefficaces, sans augmenter l'effort inspiratoire et sans modifier la vraie fréquence respiratoire du patient. Le mode ventilatoire n'avait pas d'influence sur la qualité du sommeil et les asynchronies. Les efforts inefficaces survenaient aussi bien en AI qu'en ventilation assistée contrôlée. Avec un niveau d'AI adéquat, les apnées centrales étaient peu nombreuses et n'avaient pas d'influence sur la qualité du sommeil. Les performances insuffisantes observées avec certains ventilateurs peuvent également altérer la synchronisation. Conclusion : Les asynchronies patient-ventilateur sont fréquentes et associées à une durée de ventilation prolongée. Une " dose de ventilation " excessive favorise les efforts inefficaces, mais un réglage optimal du ventilateur permet de minimiser ces asynchronies. Cette thèse est un support pour déterminer dans une étude plus large si une synchronisation adéquate peut réduire la durée de ventilation.
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Faraj, Achraf Al. "Biodistribution and biological impact of nanoparticles using multimodality imaging techniques : (Magnetic resonance imaging)." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696221.
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As novel engineered nanoparticles such as single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are extensively used in nanotechnology due to their superior properties, it becomes critical to fully understand their biodistribution and effect when accidently inhaled. There fore, development of animaging technique which allow longitudinal in vivo follow-up of SWCNT effect based on their intrinsic properties is highly desirable. Non invasive free-breathing hyperpolarized 3He lung MRI protocol was developed complementary to proton systemic MR protocol to allow monitoring SWCNT based on their intrinsic iron impurities after intrapulmonary exposition. Combined toproton lung MRI and ex vivo optical and electron microscopy at different time points, this protocol represents a powerful multimodality imaging techniques which allows a full characterization of the biodistribution and biological impacts of iron containing SWCNT. SWCNT was found to produce granulomatous and inflammatory reactions in a time and dose dependent manner with their bio persistenc eafter intrapulmonary exposition.From biological impact evaluations after intrapulmonary exposition towards biomedical applications, SWCNT hold promise for applications in nanomedicine field with their distinct architecture and their novel physicochemical properties. The biodistribution and pharmacological profile of various well-dispersed pristine and functionalized SWCNT were assessed in blood and target tissues after their intra venous administration by longitudinal in vivo susceptibility weighted MRI and their potential effect on liver metabolism by ex vivo HRMAS 1H NMR. No presence ofacute toxicological effect (variation in liver metabolism) was observed confirmed by the absence of clustering in NMR spectra using Principal Component Analysis (specific biomarkers of toxicity).
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蕭淳浩. "Investigating seventh grade students’ system thinking of human respiration." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8ky69y.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
科學教育研究所
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The objectives of this study include: 1) exploring seventh grade students’ system thinking of human body respiration related concepts; 2) investigating the relationships between students’ thinking system and conceptual understanding; 3) investigating the relationship between students’ system thinking and learning approaches; 4) investigating the differences of system thinking between seventh grade students, senior high school students and experts of biology education. The research participants included thirty seventh grade students in central Taiwan , twelve senior high school students in the central Taiwan and six experts of biology education. Data collection included semi-structured interview, “test of respiration concepts” and “approach to learning biology questionnaire ”. Researcher use a flow map method.. The results of this study showed : 1) seventh grade students’ did not perform well in high-level system thinking including organizing the systems into a framework and make generalizations. 2) students who had better understanding of the respiration concepts were better at low-level system thinking than students who had less understanding of the respiration concepts. 3) There is a tendency that the students who were better at system thinking were less likely to use surface strategies when learning biology. 4) Experts of biology education performed better at high-level system thinking than seventh grade students and senior high school students. Implications of the results are discussed in the study.
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"Human Cytomegalovirus Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiration for Efficient Viral Replication." Tulane University, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
acase@tulane.eduHerpesviruses depend on subverting or harnessing the metabolic state and molecular machinery of the infected host cell for viral replication. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was one of the first viruses to have virally-induced host cell metabolic changes investigated during infection and remains one of the better explored viruses in this area of research. In this thesis, I investigate whether HCMV infection impacts mitochondrial respiration, a metabolic pathway that has yet to be fully explored during infection. In Chapter 2, I explore the impact of HCMV replication on mitochondrial metabolism and observe that HCMV infection markedly increases respiration. I show that concomitant with the increase in mitochondrial function HCMV increases mitochondrial biogenesis and determine that functional mitochondrial respiration is required for efficient HCMV replication. In Chapter 3, we examine whether the pharmacological agent, metformin, is capable of inhibiting HCMV replication through inhibition of Complex I and subsequent inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. I show metformin is capable of inhibiting efficient HCMV replication during viral early gene expression and that this effect is neither strain nor species specific and is not mediated by cell death. However, this inhibition is sensitive to excess glucose within the media. I demonstrate that metformin is capable of inhibiting mitochondrial respiration even in glucose-excess media and that inhibition of HCMV replication is linked mechanistically to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. The results from this study reveal how HCMV affects mitochondrial respiration during infection and add to the broader understanding of the impact of HCMV infection impact on host cell metabolism. Further, these studies provide evidence that specific metabolic inhibitors may effectively, and potentially safely, target HCMV infection.
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Joseph A. Combs
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Rea-Ramirez, Mary Anne. "Models of conceptual understanding in human respiration and strategies for instruction." 1998. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI9909208.
Full textAbstract:
Prior research has indicated that students of all ages show little understanding of respiration beyond breathing in and out and the need for air to survive. This occurs even after instruction with alternative conceptions persisting into adulthood. Whether this is due to specific educational strategies or to the level of difficulty in understanding a complex system is an important question. The purpose of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of middle school students' development of mental models of human respiration. The study was composed of two major parts, one concerned with documenting and analyzing how students learn, and one concerned with measuring the effect of teaching strategies. This was carried out through a pre-test, "learning aloud" case studies in which students engaged in one-on-one tutoring interviews with the researcher, and a post-test. Transcript data from the intervention and post-test indicates that all students in this study were successful in constructing mental models of a complex concept, respiration, and in successfully applying these mental models to transfer problems. Differences in the pretest and posttest means were on the order of two standard deviations in size. While findings were uncovered in the use of a variety of strategies, possibly most interesting are the new views of analogies as an instructional strategy. Some analogies appear to be effective in supporting construction of visual/spatial features. Providing multiple, simple analogies that allow the student to construct new models in small steps, using student generated analogies, and using analogies to determine prior knowledge may also increase the effectiveness of analogies. Evidence suggested that students were able to extend the dynamic properties of certain analogies to the dynamics of the target conception and that this, in turn, allowed students to use the new models to explain causal relationships and give new function to models. This suggests that construction of causal, dynamic mental models is supported by the use of analogies containing dynamic and causal relationships.