Journal articles on the topic 'Human powered vehicles Environmental aspects'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Human powered vehicles Environmental aspects.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Human powered vehicles Environmental aspects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Farooq, Aamir. "Environmental Aspects of Toll Plazas & Vehicular Pollution." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 1805–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39121.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The study aims to encapsulate the effects of toll plazas on environment. It is intended to outline various environmental aspects that are of serious concern and should be looked upon necessarily to curtail their long term ill effects on environment and humans. The rapid development in urban India has resulted in a tremendous increase in the number of motor vehicles. Air pollution is a serious environmental health threat to humans. Adverse effects range from nausea, difficulty in breathing and skin irritations, birth defects, immunosuppression and cancer. Air pollution, particularly in the form of particulate matter, is a serious challenge in India, and transportation is a significant factor in the nation’s air quality problems. According to the 2017 Global Burden of Disease, some 1.1 million people in India die prematurely each year from diseases directly related to air pollution, making it the fifth leading cause of death in the country. Transportation sources account for approximately a third of PM pollution in India, and a somewhat higher proportion of nitrogen oxides, another set of compounds harmful to human health. Because its vehicle fleet is small relative to its large population, India has very low per capita transportation emissions. But that fleet is growing rapidly: total vehicle sales (including motorcycles) increased from about 10 million in 2007 to over 21 million in2016, and the total number of vehicles on the road is expected to nearly double to about 200 million by 2030. All these situations indicate that air pollution becoming a major problem in Indian context and there is an essential need to build up healthy environment and increase the level of research around the world. The study is based on the case study results from one of the toll plaza’s (KACHKOOT TOLL PLAZA) in j&k,India .. Keywords: (Air pollution, Vehicular emission, Carcinogenicity ,Air Quality Index, Toll, Diseases)
2
Baldissera, Paolo, Cristiana Delprete, and Anatolii Zahar. "Design and Construction of a Moving Cassette Electronic Gear-Shift for Human Powered Vehicles." Machines 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines7030055.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, the design and implementation of an electronic bicycle gear-shift with moving cassette is presented. The niche context where the needs developed is explained and the project evolution over two versions is described. Technical aspects considered in the design phase are discussed and detailed explanations of hardware layout and control software logic are given. Performance of the two implemented versions are compared through data recorded during the target competition (pedaling cadence and torque), highlighting the higher reliability of the second design thanks to mechanical simplification and a more stable position feedback. An additional comparison with cadence data from other competitors in a speed-challenge competition is then presented to highlights the main benefit obtained: a reduced variance in cadence that enables the rider to pedal at his optimal rate since the early stage and through the whole run-up. Finally, the current development of the project under a Proof of Concept grant is presented by discussing its potential application on the standard bicycle market, the need for an assessment of its value proposition and the main obstacles to overcome for complying (or not) with the current market standards. The article offers an overview of practical aspects to be considered when designing high-speed human powered vehicle transmissions, including technical details of an innovative solution and critical considerations about the possibility of such a specific design to develop within the standard bicycle market.
3
Tan, Qichen, Haoyu Bian, Siyang Zhong, and Xin Zhang. "Simulation of multi-rotor powered urban aerial mobility noise for environmental assessment." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2541.
Full textAbstract:
The operation of the rapidly growing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and the promising urban aerial mobility (UAM) could have a significant noise impact on the environment. In this work, we developed a cloud-based noise simulator to efficiently assess the environmental impact of UAM and UAV. The noise sources and long-distance propagation are computed by the propeller noise prediction models and an advanced Gaussian beam tracing method, respectively, in local high-performance computers. Users can define the working conditions and vehicle layer through a platform with a user-friendly graphical interface. In addition, the noise level distribution at the observers of interest such as the buildings can be visualized. By employing advanced interpolation methods or autonomous learning algorithms, the computations are efficiently accelerated such that the noise distributions are simultaneously displayed during flights of the vehicles. To better measure the noise impact on human perception, various noise metrics will be output for further analysis. By conducting the virtual flights using the simulator, the noise impact in each flight state and atmospheric condition of different vehicles can be predicted, which will then facilitate the low-noise flights for both UAV and UAM.
4
IDZIOR, Marek, and Edward CZAPLIŃSKI. "Environmental aspects of the impact of the technical condition of motor vehicles on environmental pollution." Combustion Engines 168, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-124.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents selected aspects related to the influence of toxic components of exhaust gases from vehicle transport vehicles on environmental pollution and human health. The paper describes the quantitative structure of motor vehicles that are operating in Poland. The structure of used passenger cars that were imported from abroad and first registered in Poland was presented. The procedure for periodic control tests in exhaust emission diagnostic stations is also described. The results of the study allowed to distinguish a group of vehicles that did not meet the limits of pollution established by the legislator.
5
Menezes, Leonardo Silva, Antonio Carlos Peixoto Bitencourt, Antonio Gabriel Souza Almeida, and Luanda Kívia de Oliveira Rodrigues. "Handbike: Systematic review and prospective study." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (May 20, 2021): e3810615342. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15342.
Full textAbstract:
People with motor disabilities present diverse needs that the available products cannot fully addresses. Handbikes are human-powered vehicles that provide mechanical efficiency and can be used as a product for every day. The objective of this study is to understand how the design aspects of these vehicles have been investigated. As a methodology adopted, a systematic literature review was carried out, in order to find relevant scientific articles on the subject, and a prospective study, to verify the prospective scenario. For the selection criteria adopted, 21 scientific studies and 17 patents, none in Brazil, were found on the research platforms. These results demonstrate that there is potential to work with handbikes in the country due to the market gap.
6
Emilia Szumska, Rafal Jurecki, and Marek Pawelczyk. "Assessment of Total Costs of Ownership for Midsize Passenger Cars with Conventional and Alternative Drive Trains." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 21, no. 3 (August 15, 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2019.3.21-27.
Full textAbstract:
The number of alternatively powered vehicles in Poland and EU is growing steadily. Different type of vehicle drive trains determine variations in their performances from economical and environmental technological aspects. The aim of this paper was to investigate the cost efficiency and environmental aspects of midsize passenger cars equipped with different drive train technologies: conventional, hybrid, electric and LPG fueled engine. To this purpose, the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) method was used. Calculations were carried out by AFLEET Tool. The results show that the LPG fueled car has the lowest TCO, while the cars equipped with electric drivetrain indicate the highest TCO. However the electric car recorded the lowest cost of air pollutant emissions and externalities costs.
7
Ammar, N. R., and I. S. Sediek. "Thermo-Economic Analysis and Environmental Aspects of Absorption Refrigeration Unit Operation Onboard Marine Vehicles: Ro- Pax Vessel Case Study." Polish Maritime Research 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0100.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Marine diesel engines lose a huge amount of fuel heat content in the form of exhaust gas and jacket cooling water, especially onboard high-powered marine vehicles such as Ro-Pax ships. In this paper, the possibility of using the waste heat of marine diesel engines as a source of heat for air conditioning absorption system is investigated. The thermodynamic analysis, in addition to the environmental and economic analysis of the air condition absorption cycle operated with two heat sources using lithium bromide as absorbent, are performed using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The last 10 years have seen a steady growth in the passenger ferry and Ro-Pax market, with particularly strong growth in passenger numbers. As a case study, a Ro-Pax vessel operating in the Red Sea area is considered, regarding the profitability of using air conditioning absorption system. The results show specific economic benefits of the jacket cooling water operated absorption refrigeration unit (ARU) over the exhaust gas operated unit, with annual costs of capital money recovery of 51,870 $/year and 54,836 $/year, respectively. Environmentally, applying an ARU machine during cruising will reduce fuel consumption by 104 ton/year. This, in turn, will result in reducing NOx, SOx, and CO2 emissions with cost-effectiveness of 7.73 $/kg, 20.39 $/kg, and 0.13 $/kg, respectively.
8
Rynne, Patrick F., and Karl D. von Ellenrieder. "Unmanned Autonomous Sailing: Current Status and Future Role in Sustained Ocean Observations." Marine Technology Society Journal 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.43.1.11.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe use of unmanned autonomous sailing craft for sustained oceanographic observations could result in sea surface measurements that have higher spatial and temporal resolution than contemporary methods such as Lagrangian floats, moored buoys, manned expeditions and satellite observations. Mission-specific autonomous sailing platforms could provide energetically sustainable mission-specific systems to forecast environmental events and to trace the distribution of meteorological and ocean conditions over a long-term period. This paper briefly discusses the motivation for using wind-powered unmanned autonomous vehicles for oceanographic/meteorological measurements, comments on significant historical considerations, outlines some current and past work, introduces aspects of such a vehicle developed at Florida Atlantic University and concludes by presenting policy issues and recommendations for future work.
9
Emilia M. Szumska, Rafal S. Jurecki, and Marek Pawelczyk. "Life Cycle Cost (LCC) Level of an Urban Transport Fleet with Differentiated Share of Buses with Alternative Drive Systems." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 3 (July 8, 2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.3.68-77.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of buses operated by urban public transport companies powered by alternative fuels and equipped with alternative drive systems. In addition to economic factors, operators should also take environmental aspects into account when purchasing new vehicles. In this case, a useful criterion for selecting a vehicle is the Life Cycle Cost (LCC), which, in addition to the cost of purchasing a bus, takes into account the necessary expenses associated with its maintenance, operation, decommissioning, as well as emissions costs. This paper presents a study of the LCC values, estimated for the entire bus fleet based on several bus replacement variants, taking into account different shares of alternative buses in the transport fleet. Analyses have shown that replacing conventional buses by the compressed natural gas (CNG) powered buses will reduce life cycle cost by 27% compared to the LCC level in 2019. Increasing the share of electric buses in the fleet will significantly reduce the level of emissions of harmful substances contained in exhaust gases.
10
Lakhan, Ram, Ranabir Pal, Arushi Baluja, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, and Amit Agrawal. "Important Aspects of Human Behavior in Road Traffic Accidents." Indian Journal of Neurotrauma 17, no. 02 (September 2, 2020): 085–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713079.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWorldwide road traffic accidents have been increasing. Human behaviors and environmental factors are often responsible for such events. This being a serious public health concern, public health interventions are needed to minimize the rate of road traffic accidents. We aimed to identify broader human behaviors, sociodemographic factors, and environmental factors associated with the risk of road traffic accidents. We searched for the relevant studies in electronic database including PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and World Health Organization global health library. In addition, a manual search was also performed. Findings from scientific literature were presented in a summative form. Young age, male gender, speed, influence of substance, use of mobile phone, driving experience, temperament, attitude, aggression, stress, anxiety, emotionality, fatigue, lack of sleep, and road conditions were found closely associated with a risk of road traffic accidents. Despite having substantial driving training and ability to handling motor vehicles, professional drivers such as bus and taxi drivers are very vulnerable to road traffic accidents. This study reports that the increasing prevalence of road traffic accidents can be addressed significantly by applying behavior change theories. The health belief model was found useful in promoting safer driving.
11
Van Elslande, Pierre, Jean-Yves Fournier, and Magali Jaffard. "In-depth analysis of road crashes involving powered two-wheelers vehicles: typical human functional failures and conditions of their production." Work 41 (2012): 5871–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0978-5871.
Full text
12
Lewtas, Joellen. "Development of a Comparative Potency Method for Cancer Risk Assessment of Complex Mixtures Using Short-Term in Vivo and in Vitro Bioassays." Toxicology and Industrial Health 1, no. 4 (October 1985): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378500100412.
Full textAbstract:
A comparative potency method for cancer risk assessment has been developed based on a constant relative potency hypothesis. This method was developed and tested using data from a battery of short-term mutagenesis bioassays, animal tumorigenicity data and human lung cancer risk estimations. This data base was developed for a series of complex mixtures including emissions from coke ovens, roofing tar pots, cigarette smoke and automotive engines. The series of automobiles used in this study included both diesel- and gasoline-powered vehicles. The assumptions inherent in this method are discussed, together with the methods and data base used to test these assumptions.
13
Endachev, D. V., V. F. Kutenev, and V. I. Panchishny. "On the prospects of hydrogen energy in transport." Trudy NAMI, no. 2 (July 17, 2021): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2021-2-58-73.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction (problem statement and relevance). In recent years, attention to hydrogen as an alternative kind of transport fuel has been increasingly growing as hydrogen is considered to be capable of replacing petroleum traditional fuels. Moreover, it is believed that the use of hydrogen can solve the environmental problems of transport, reduce power plants energy driving costs and solve the problem of fossil resources depletion.The purpose of the study was to analyze hydrogen as a possible alternative fuel, assess its advantages and disadvantages taking into account both the variety of its usage and power environmental and economic aspects of hydrogen production together with problems associated with its practical use.Methodology and research methods. The analysis of hydrogen production has been carried out including its use as a possible fuel for motor vehicles.Results. High energy consumption, environmental imperfection of hydrogen production processes and related problems of its storage, transportation, power units as well as of the scarcity of some necessary resources do not provide grounds for optimistic assessments of economic and environmental assessments of vehicles powered by hydrogen.
14
Idzior, Marek, Edward Czapliński, and Marzena Korzik. "Effect of emission measurement of toxic exhaust components of automotive vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines on the environment during mandatory check tests at vehicle inspection stations." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 478–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.116.
Full textAbstract:
The article describes aspects related to the impact of toxic components of exhaust gases from motor vehicles, which are equipped with spark-ignition engines for environmental pollution and a negative impact on human health. The paper presents aspects related to the structure of passenger cars in Poland and the European Union, which are in operation and subject to mandatory control tests. The methodology of performing mandatory periodic check-ups in diagnostic stations and on the basis of the developed research results also includes a group of vehicles that does not meet the legal requirements for the measurement of exhaust emissions. The results of passenger car tests in selected European Union countries have been presented.
15
Pawełczyk, Marek, and Emilia Szumska. "Evaluation of the efficiency of hybrid drive applications in urban transport system on the example of a medium size city." MATEC Web of Conferences 180 (2018): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818003004.
Full textAbstract:
Unconventional drive systems of the urban buses become more and more popular. The reason is clear: reduction of the harmful emissions as well as the fuel consumption reduction. Environmental aspects are becoming of the great importance. Local governments of large cities are “pushing” conventional buses away from city centres, trying to substitute them by the other more environmentally friendly urban vehicles. The goal of the contribution is to present a comparison of the selected types of the urban buses equipped with alternative drive systems under conditions of medium size city. The first part of the paper presents the methodology and construction of urban bus driving cycles prepared for Kielce city (Poland). The next part shows fuel economy and energy consumption obtained from simulation of urban buses powered by conventional diesel engine and hybrid electric drive under the developed driving cycles. The last part presents results of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculations estimated for selected urban buses.
16
Storozhuk, V. M., B. Y. Kshyvetskyy, O. M. Mayevska, H. V. Somar, I. A. Sokolovskyi, and A. V. Melnikov. "Main aspects of environmental protection from urban noise." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 96 (December 2, 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9615.
Full textAbstract:
The main sources of noise pollution in modern cities, that generate significant levels of sound pressure, which significantly, sometimes at times exceed permissible noise levels have been identified. The consequences of the negative impact of noise of the urban environment on the human body, fauna and flora are described. The sanitary-hygienic, engineering-technical, architectural-planning, construction-acoustic and economic-social aspects of scientific researches concerning protection of the environment from noise pollution are singled out. The main methods and ways to reduce urban noise are described, among which are: reducing the sound power level of existing equipment and vehicles, or replacing them with less noisy ones, and during design-taking measures to minimize noise emissions from machines; carrying out timely cleaning, adjustment, repair of machines, mechanisms and equipment, restriction or complete prohibition of noisy works and operation of the most intensive noise sources at night; rational orientation of the noise source or place of noise radiation, taking into account the direction indicator; placement of noise sources and objects of protection – at the maximum possible distance from each other; the use of building structures with improved sound insulation, the use of sound-absorbing materials for lining the enclosing structures of buildings and structures; zoning of sources and objects of protection, application of territorial gaps, noise protection buildings, acoustic screens and strips of greenery. It was found that the maximum possible impact on noise pollution of modern cities and surrounding areas can be achieved in the case of integrated application of methods, means of protection against acoustic blocking of the duration, direction and use of noise emissions in its sources and through noise level on the way to its spread, as well as through the implementation of appropriate organizational and technical measures.
17
Schlacher, Thomas A., and Luke Thompson. "Environmental control of community organisation on ocean-exposed sandy beaches." Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 2 (2013): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12172.
Full textAbstract:
Models of faunal communities on open-coast beaches emphasise the primacy of environmental conditions in determining species richness and abundance. What remains unresolved under this ‘physical-control paradigm’ includes the following two aspects: (1) how habitat properties relate to structural traits of communities; and (2) how environmental conditions shape communities when habitat properties change over time. Here, we test these by modelling the relationship between a broad range of environmental drivers and assemblage structure. Our models draw on a sizeable dataset (15 600 cores collected over 4 years) of benthic invertebrates from beaches in eastern Australia; we also include a test of whether human disturbance (vehicles) alters the relationships between environmental predictors and faunal communities. A suite of physical factors, comprising habitat features (i.e. moisture level, grain size, beach slope) and wave parameters, explained variation in community structure. Novel aspects are the role of sea-surface temperature (SST) as a driver of biological structure on beaches, and that human impacts can override the sediment–animal relationships that are normally important. More generally, theoretical and empirical models of beach-community organisation should incorporate multiple environmental drivers, include broader structural aspect of assemblages, and recognise the role of human habitat alterations in shaping these fauna–environment links.
18
Jishma, C. P., B. V. Praharshitha, Arpita Laxmi, S. K. Anusha, and J. Satheesh Kumar. "Development of Intelligent Driver Assistant System for Cognitive Cars." Journal of ISMAC 4, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jismac.2022.2.004.
Full textAbstract:
Automation in vehicles is essential in present day’s road conditions. Many of the accidents are happening due to wrong behaviour, drowsiness and human inattention. The vehicle drivers are expected to be more attentive during their driving period. As a normal human being, it is usual that sometimes there may be a lapse in attention due to many environmental factors. Therefore, automation in cars is really required to overcome many uncertainties faced in real-time scenarios. This paper explores various automation techniques used in vehicles. Cognitive cars proposed in the paper, functions based on machine learning Algorithms. These cars travel from source to destination without any human intervention. The main objectives included in the paper are lane detection, obstacle detection, road signs detection and traffic lights detection. In near future cognitive cars will be preferred for the modern communities due to its intelligent features and increased safety aspects. It will be an asset of the future generation.
19
Liu, Tingting, Qian Zhang, Xiaowen Kang, Jiaqi Hou, Tao Luo, and Yi Zhang. "Household Food Waste to Biogas in Västerås, Sweden: A Comprehensive Case Study of Waste Valorization." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 11925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911925.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable large-scale household food waste (HFW) reutilization is difficult worldwide. This study presents a systematic and in-depth analysis of the case of Västerås, Sweden, where biogas has been produced from HFW for years and utilized as renewable vehicle fuel. Various aspects are covered, including the logistic flow, energy recovery, environmental benefits, cost-benefit analysis, and social survey. In 2017, 8879 tons of food waste were collected from Västerås city, which could generate 590,000 Nm3 biomethane and support 21 biogas-powered buses. A reduction of 1052.9–1541.2 tons of CO2-eq was estimated by replacing fossil fuels in vehicles and centralized composting units for HFW. The actual operating profit of this process amounted to 6.604 million Swedish Krona (SEK), and the maximized environmental economic benefit was estimated to be 3.15–3.73 million SEK/year. The active participation of the residents to source-separate their HFW was crucial to the success of the project, and the driving factors were tentatively identified as value orientation and facility convenience. With information pooled from various sectors, this study constructs a comprehensive reference case for industrial, academic, and municipal entities that are interested in similar practices in the future.
20
Şala, Derda E., Yaser Dalveren, Ali Kara, and Mohammad Derawi. "Design and Optimization of Piezoelectric-Powered Portable UV-LED Water Disinfection System." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073007.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the environmental pollution threatening human life, clean water accessibility is one of the major global issues. In this context, in literature, there are many portable water disinfection systems utilizing ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV water disinfection systems employ piezoelectric-based electric power along with UV light-emitting diode (LED) sources. This paper elaborates on the detailed design and parametric optimization of a portable UV disinfection system. The proposed system aims to generate piezoelectric harvesting-based electrical power simply by shaking, and the generated power is then used to supply UV-LEDs for water disinfection. To this end, overall system parameters along with a physical-mathematical model of mechanical, electrical and biochemical aspects of the system are fully developed. Moreover, the main design parameters of the developed model are derived for optimal operation of the system by employing Genetic Algorithm (GA). Finally, optimal design parameters were identified for three different cost scenarios. The model can further be improved for practical implementation and mass production of the system.
21
Li, Zhe, Qiang Zheng, Zhong Lin Wang, and Zhou Li. "Nanogenerator-Based Self-Powered Sensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics." Research 2020 (March 10, 2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/8710686.
Full textAbstract:
Wearable and implantable electronics (WIEs) are more and more important and attractive to the public, and they have had positive influences on all aspects of our lives. As a bridge between wearable electronics and their surrounding environment and users, sensors are core components of WIEs and determine the implementation of their many functions. Although the existing sensor technology has evolved to a very advanced level with the rapid progress of advanced materials and nanotechnology, most of them still need external power supply, like batteries, which could cause problems that are difficult to track, recycle, and miniaturize, as well as possible environmental pollution and health hazards. In the past decades, based upon piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and triboelectric effect, various kinds of nanogenerators (NGs) were proposed which are capable of responding to a variety of mechanical movements, such as breeze, body drive, muscle stretch, sound/ultrasound, noise, mechanical vibration, and blood flow, and they had been widely used as self-powered sensors and micro-nanoenergy and blue energy harvesters. This review focuses on the applications of self-powered generators as implantable and wearable sensors in health monitoring, biosensor, human-computer interaction, and other fields. The existing problems and future prospects are also discussed.
22
Saleh, Wafaa, Shekaina Justin, Ghada Alsawah, Areej Malibari, and Maha M. A. Lashin. "An Investigation into Conversion of a Fleet of Plug-in-Electric Golf Carts into Solar Powered Vehicles Using Fuzzy Logic Control." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 5536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175536.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an investigation factors that need to be considered in the design and selection of components for the conversion of a fleet of plug-in electric golf carts at Princess Nourah Bint Abdelrahman University, (PNU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), into solar power energy. Currently, the plug-in electric golf carts are powered by a set of deep-cycle lead-acid battery packs consisting of six units. Solar energy systems (photovoltaics and solar thermal) provide significant environmental benefits and opportunities over the traditional and conventional sources. Therefore, they can contribute positively to many aspects of the built environment and societies. There are many factors that affect the energy generated from the solar panel system. These include type and dimension of the solar panels, weight, speed, acceleration, and other characteristics of the used golf carts, and the energy efficiency of the solar energy system, as main factors that affect the green energy generated to operate the carts. The energy values needed to power the electric cart were calculated and optimized using traction energy calculation and optimized using a fuzzy logic analysis. The fuzzy logic system was developed to assess the impacts of varying dimensions of solar panel, vehicle speed, and weight on the energy generation. Initial calculations show that the replacement cost of the batteries can be up to approximately 75 percent of the operating cost. Together with the indirect cost benefits of achieving zero tail-pipe emission and the comfort of silent operation, the cost of operation using solar energy can be significant when compared with the cost of battery replacement. In order to achieve better efficiency, supercapacitors can be investigated to replace the conventional batteries. The use of fuzzy logic successfully facilitated the optimization of system operation conditions for best performance. In this study, fuzzy logic and calculated data were used as an optimization tool. Future work may be able to use fuzzy logic with experimental data to demonstrate feasibility of utilizing fuzzy logic systems to assess energy generation processes. Future investigations could also include investigation of other factors and methodologies, such as various types of batteries, supercapacitors, solar panels, and types of golf carts, together with different techniques of artificial intelligence to assess the optimum system specifications.
23
Wang, Huamei, Liang Xu, and Zhonglin Wang. "Advances of High-Performance Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Blue Energy Harvesting." Nanoenergy Advances 1, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 32–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv1010003.
Full textAbstract:
The ocean is an enormous source of blue energy, whose exploitation is greatly beneficial for dealing with energy challenges for human beings. As a new approach for harvesting ocean blue energy, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) show superiorities in many aspects over traditional technologies. Here, recent advances of TENGs for harvesting blue energy are reviewed, mainly focusing on advanced designs of TENG units for enhancing the performance, through which the response of the TENG unit to slow water agitations and the output power of the device are largely improved. Networking strategy and power management are also briefly discussed. As a promising clean energy technology, blue energy harvesting based on TENGs is expected to make great contributions for achieving carbon neutrality and developing self-powered marine systems.
24
Huang, Linghan. "Evaluate Sustainability of Using Autonomous Vehicles for the Last-mile Delivery Industry." BOHR International Journal of Future Robotics and Artificial Intelligence 1, no. 1 (2022): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijfrai.003.
Full textAbstract:
This research is aimed at confirming whether the autonomous vehicles (AV) for last-mile delivery is sustainable in terms of three aspects – social sustainability, environmental sustainability, and economic sustainability. The safety was solely considered for the social sustainability because of its importance of AV application for lastmile delivery. This study finds that it is relatively safe to use AVs for delivery because of the speed limit of actual society and the good road conditions provide the ground that AV runs safely for last-mile delivery in urban areas. Besides, AV has a special advantage when facing pandemic. For environmental sustainability, the emission problem is the main concern. It is concluded that AV has a significant advantage in emission reduction in terms of a series of emissions. This mainly results from the driving behaviors difference between AV and human vehicles. As for the economic sustainability of AV, this research adopted a quantitative way to illustrate because the cost of AV is essential to consider because of AV’s commercial nature. The research reveals the cost advantage of AV under different carrying capabilities.
25
Hu, Mengqi, Yuhao Wang, and Diwen Ye. "A Timely Review of Lithium-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: Progress, Future Opportunities, and Challenges." E3S Web of Conferences 308 (2021): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130801015.
Full textAbstract:
Energy plays an important role in human society. With the development of science and technology, the increasing demand for new energy like electric energy cannot be ignored. The battery is the key component of electric vehicles which are the centers of future development. Lithium-ion batteries have great advantages in electric vehicle applications for their excellent performance. We need to find ways to improve lithium-ion batteries to promote the development of electric vehicles fundamentally. The high specific energy, low self-discharge, good cycling performance, no memory effect, and other advantages lead to the excellent performance of lithium-ion batteries. This paper reviews the unique merits of lithium-ion batteries compared with other important battery technologies in electric vehicle application in three main aspects and describes some methods to enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries by improving the anode, cathode, and electrolyte, respectively. For instance, we can use LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 (NCM) materials as cathode, silicon-based materials as anode with composite materials like FeOOH@rGO and SiNP@NC add more silicon in the composite anode structure and silicon nanowire anode to improve its mechanical stability. Also, with an example of their employment in the BMW i3 94 Ah vehicles, the application outlook of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles and their development trend in the future have been prospected. Although electric vehicles are becoming the ideal next-generation vehicles with the increasing environmental friendliness, the battery technology, such as its safety problem and the manufacturing cost, etc., remains a big challenge in the development of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles.
26
Rehn, Börje, Ronnie Lundström, Leif Nilsson, Ingrid Liljelind, and Bengt Järvholm. "Variation in exposure to whole-body vibration for operators of forwarder vehicles—aspects on measurement strategies and prevention." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 35, no. 9 (September 2005): 831–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2005.03.001.
Full text
27
Rojas, Luis Pérez, and Vadim L. Belenky. "A Review of the 8th International Conference on the Stability of Ship and Ocean Vehicles (STAB 2003)." Marine Technology and SNAME News 42, no. 01 (January 1, 2005): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2005.42.1.21.
Full textAbstract:
This paper briefly reviews the papers presented at the 8th International Conference on Stability of Ship and Ocean Vehicles that was held September 15–19, 2003, in Madrid, Spain. The review covers the following stability-related subjects: history, accident investigation, water on deck, extreme weather effects, stability of unconventional vessels, design for safety, damage stability, including large passenger vessels, para-metric roll, regulatory aspects, environmental modeling, human factors, safety in operations, nonlinear dynamics, unconventional problems, intact stability, antirolling devices, fishing vessels stability, and ship motion in waves, as well as several workshops on intact stability, damage stability, fishing vessels, and risk-based designs.
28
Do, Wooseok, Omid M. Rouhani, and Luis Miranda-Moreno. "Simulation-Based Connected and Automated Vehicle Models on Highway Sections: A Literature Review." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (June 26, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9343705.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides a literature review of the simulation-based connected and automated intelligent-vehicle studies. Media and car-manufacturing companies predict that connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) would be available in the near future. However, society and transportation systems might not be completely ready for their implementation in various aspects, e.g., public acceptance, technology, infrastructure, and/or policy. Since the empirical field data for CAVs are not available at present, many researchers develop micro or macro simulation models to evaluate the CAV impacts. This study classifies the most commonly used intelligent-vehicle types into four categories (i.e., adaptive cruise control, ACC; cooperative adaptive cruise control, CACC; automated vehicle, AV; CAV) and summarizes the intelligent-vehicle car-following models (i.e., Intelligent Driver Model, IDM; MICroscopic Model for Simulation of Intelligent Cruise Control, MIXIC). The review results offer new insights for future intelligent-vehicle analyses: (i) the increase in the market-penetration rate of intelligent vehicles has a significant impact on traffic flow conditions; (ii) without vehicle connections, such as the ACC vehicles, the roadway-capacity increase would be marginal; (iii) none of the parameters in the AV or CAV models is calibrated by the actual field data; (iv) both longitudinal and lateral movements of intelligent vehicles can reduce energy consumption and environmental costs compared to human-driven vehicles; (v) research gap exists in studying the car-following models for newly developed intelligent vehicles; and (vi) the estimated impacts are not converted into a unified metric (i.e., welfare economic impact on users or society) which is essential to evaluate intelligent vehicles from an overall societal perspective.
29
Roy, Siuli, Anurag D, and Somprakash Bandyopadhyay. "Testbed Implementation of a Pollution Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network for the Protection of Public Spaces." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 5, no. 4 (October 2009): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jbdcn.2009091702.
Full textAbstract:
Air pollution is an important environmental issue that has a direct effect on human health and ecological balance. Factories, power plants, vehicles, windblown dust and wildfires are some of the contributors of to pollution. Reasonable simulation tools exist for evaluating large scale sensor networks, ; however, they fail to capture significant details of node operation or practical aspects of wireless communication. Real life testbeds, capture the realism and bring out important aspects for further research. In this paper, we present an implementation of a wireless sensor network testbed for automatic and real-time monitoring of environmental pollution for the protection of public spaces. The paper describes the physical setup, the sensor node hardware and software architecture for “anytime, anywhere” monitoring and management of pollution data through a single, Web-based graphical user interface. The paper presents practical issues in the integration of sensors, actual power consumption rates and develops a practical hierarchical routing methodology.
30
Russo, C., M. Lo Monaco, and A. Somà. "Energy harvester duty cycle evaluation for railway vehicle health monitoring." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1214, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1214/1/012046.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The recent growth of the IoT (Internet of Things) technologies makes these connected devices suitable for monitoring and diagnostic in different applications. Through these devices, a wireless sensor network has become a smart solution for monitoring structures, vehicles, and other devices. Each node in the network can be placed in an inaccessible or unsafe location for human intervention and provide a real-time data stream, useful for the diagnostic and maintenance of the structure. In this context, the power node becomes a fundamental problem since the replacement of batteries is a disadvantage both for environmental disposal and for the related costs. Thus, the interest in the so-called AIOT (Autonomous Internet of Things) is growing, and the energy harvester generators can be a possible solution to this problem. In this scenario, an inductive linear generator having a non-symmetrical gravitational suspension is presented. The main characteristics of the generator and the magnetic suspension are introduced with the description of the Matlab/Simulink model that simulates the same behavior. In this work, a first study of the duty cycle of the generator to power a wireless sensor node for industrial application is presented as well. This study is carried out with a particular focus on the acceleration frequency evaluation of railway vehicles to better understand the possible effective power that can be extracted from the harvester. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the generator sizing cannot be separated from the detailed knowledge of the energy source and of the sensing/monitoring system that must be powered.
31
Campisi, Tiziana, Alessandro Severino, Muhammad Ahmad Al-Rashid, and Giovanni Pau. "The Development of the Smart Cities in the Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) Era: From Mobility Patterns to Scaling in Cities." Infrastructures 6, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6070100.
Full textAbstract:
Smart cities aim to integrate technological development with different functions/components such as mobility, management of energy, natural resources, water, and the waste cycle, air quality, land use, service network, construction, but also the economy, social participation, increased employment, and citizen safety. It includes a series of coordinated and integrated social, environmental and economic interventions to enhance human capital, reduce environmental impacts and solve ecological emergencies. The holistic approach is particular to smart cities, including several mobility aspects in the main European classifications. In particular, the development of smart cities depends on several factors related to transport supply (i.e., mobility service, infrastructure details, ICT) and demand (socio-demographic aspects), and the size of the city. This paper provides an overview of the development of smart cities by defining a methodology that allows the identification of criteria for determining the optimisation of urban mobility with a particular interest in the development of future autonomous mobility. The analysis of current literature on the concept of smart cities and new mobility technologies made it possible to analyse the compatibility between them and possible criticalities. The definition of criteria lays the groundwork for future research steps focused on the application of multicriteria analysis.
32
Apichatibutarapong, Somruay. "Factor Affecting on Public Awareness Concerning University Environment." Proceedings 2, no. 22 (October 30, 2018): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2221369.
Full textAbstract:
Human activities are recognized as an increasingly significant effect on the Earth’s environment. Environmental protection is any activity to maintain the quality of environmental media on individual, organizational or governmental levels, for the benefit of both the natural environment and humans. Environmental protection is the primary concern of the future of humanity. Public awareness of the environment is the ability to understand the surrounding world, including understandings to all the changes occurring in the environment, understanding of cause-and-effect relationships between the quality of the environment and human behavior, and a sense of responsibility of preserving them to next generations. The future will be powered by concerning public awareness discipline, giving students and graduates insights into most aspects of the human world to environment and the social sciences. The knowledge of Environmental public awareness acquired during school education and then systematically improved in adulthood, is an essential factor in quickening the environmental awareness of an individual. This study is to determine the factors that affecting the public awareness on university environment of 100 undergraduate students. The overall opinions showed that the students’ public awareness was high level. Furthermore, the key factors that influences on public awareness concerning university environment are knowledge and daily behavior.This investigation will shed light on the public awareness on university environment. Moreover, the students’ feedback showed the highly positive attitude in concerning environment.
33
Al-Rawashdeh, Hani, Ahmad O. Hasan, Hazem A. Al-Shakhanbeh, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah, Mohamed R. Gomaa, and Hegazy Rezk. "Investigation of the Effect of Solar Ventilation on the Cabin Temperature of Vehicles Parked under the Sun." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 13963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413963.
Full textAbstract:
During hot days, the temperature inside vehicles parked under the sun is very high; according to previous studies, the vehicle cabin temperature can be more than 20 °C higher than the ambient temperature. Due to the greenhouse effect, the heating that occurs inside a vehicle while it is parked under the sun has an impact on energy crises and environmental pollution. In addition, the increase in the temperature inside the cabin will have an effect on the dashboard and plastic accessories and the leather on the seats will age rapidly. The ventilation of solar energy from the cabin of a vehicle parked under the blazing sun has received a great deal of attention. The present study was conducted to utilize a renewable energy system to operate the ventilation system through a novel portable ventilation system powered by solar energy. Experimental results were obtained for a vehicle with and without the solar ventilation system. The results indicate that the maximum daily average difference in temperature during the experimental tests between the cabin of the car and the atmospheric temperature with and without the solar ventilation system was 7.2 °C and 20.6 °C, respectively. With and without the usage of the system, the minimum average difference in temperature between the automobile’s cabin and the atmospheric temperature was 6.2 °C and 17.6 °C, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed system is effective and that the thermal comfort inside the vehicle’s cabin improved when the vehicle was parked under the hot sun. Therefore, this system helps to protect human bodies, conserve energy, protect the environment, protect the vehicle’s cabin, and provide a comfortable environment.
34
Wu, Kun-Feng (Ken), and Tong Lin. "Investigating the effects of travel lane configuration and lane width on traffic safety where powered-two-wheelers (PTWs) share with larger vehicles: A micro perspective." Accident Analysis & Prevention 172 (July 2022): 106682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2022.106682.
Full text
35
Ucińska, Monika, and Małgorzata Pełka. "The effectiveness of the AEB system in the context of the safety of vulnerable road users." Open Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 977–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0097.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract According to the analysis by the National Police Headquarters, roughly 40% of all road accident victims in Poland are vulnerable road users (VRU), i.e. pedestrians and cyclists. Their protection has become one of the priorities for action regarding road safety. For this purpose, various activities are carried out aimed not only at human behaviour or the development of modern and safe road infrastructures but also at the development of modern vehicles, including advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). In order to identify the limitations of the currently available driver assistance systems, designed to respond to VRU, research was carried out under the project name, “PEDICRASH: Safety aspects of VRU in CAD automated vehicles.” The project was aimed at increasing users’ awareness (both pedestrians and drivers) of the limitations of ADAS by analysing barriers and indicating recommendations allowing for more effective protection of pedestrians and cyclists due to the identified operating limitations of these systems. The research focused on the autonomous emergency braking (AEB) system and its potential impact on the level of road safety, with particular emphasis on VRU.
36
Islami, Salsa Bila Dian, Faradhina Azzahra, and Diana Puspita Sari. "Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment Review: Decision Making Category in Electrical-Vehicle Type." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1111, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The use of electric vehicles (EV) has begun to be widely used and is predicted to continue to increase. It has a positive impact on some aspects of the economy and society. Still, it has negative impacts, especially on the environmental aspect, such as hazardous and toxic waste, a huge water footprint, and exploitation of material for the production process, which cause damage to ecosystems. This study aims to figure out the advantages and disadvantages of EV types and provide recommendations on which one is the best EV for use. This study was done by the systematic review method that used the LCSA method, a combination of LCA, LCC, and S-LCA. This study assessed several types of electric vehicles: ICV, HEV, PHEV, and BEV. From an environmental aspect, ICV dominated the worst score than other types. From a social aspect, no specific EV contributed to a higher impact, but HEV had the highest reduction potential on human health. From an economic aspect, HEV were considered less profitable than the others. In the end, PHEV type was more potentially used due to giving a lower impact than the other types. Furthermore, this study could help public society decide the types of EV batteries based on their need.
37
Turner, Patricia A., and Nevine Georggi. "Analysis of Alcohol-Related Motorcycle Crashes in Florida and Recommended Countermeasures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1779, no. 1 (January 2001): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1779-25.
Full textAbstract:
Although much progress has been made in reducing alcohol-related crash fatalities involving motor vehicles, the same success has not been demonstrated with motorcycles. Because the problem associated with drinking and riding is significant in Florida, the Center for Urban Transportation Research (CUTR) conducted a comprehensive analysis of motorcycle-alcohol crashes from 1993 to 1997 to understand how and why these crashes occur. CUTR also surveyed states about alcohol programs that target motorcyclists to gather information on potential countermeasures to reduce motorcycle-alcohol injuries and deaths in Florida. The study examined human-related and physical aspects of alcohol-related motorcycle crashes over the 5-year period to help establish an identity for this crash type. Examined human-related crash aspects included age and gender, alcohol use, licensing status, and helmet usage. Physical crash aspects examined included temporal patterns—time of day, day of week, and monthly trends—and contributing factors—first harmful event, road, environmental, and human factors—that cause bodily injuries or property damage. Major study recommendations include increasing efforts to get more motorcyclists properly licensed, greater exposure of messages to motorcyclists about the dangers of drinking and riding, and focused statewide public education and information campaigns. The study concludes with five major categories of countermeasures and recommendations to address the motorcycle-alcohol problem, including public information and education campaigns, promotional activities, enforcement efforts, community-based interventions, and data-collection needs.
38
Askarzadeh, Taraneh, and Raj Bridgelall. "Micromobility Station Placement Optimization for a Rural Setting." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (September 30, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9808922.
Full textAbstract:
Micromobility is an evolving form of transportation modality that uses small human- or electric-powered vehicles to move people short distances. Planners expected that bike sharing, the first form of micromobility, would reduce traffic congestion, cut travel cost, reduce pollution, enable connectivity with other modes of transport, and promote public health. However, micromobility options also brought new challenges such as the difficulty of placement decisions to encourage adoption and to minimize conflict with other transport modes. Sound deployment decisions depend on the unique environmental characteristics and demographics of a location. Most studies analyzed deployments in high-density urban areas. This research determines the best locations for 5 new bike-sharing stations in Fargo, North Dakota, a small urban area in the rural United States. The workflow combines a geographic information system (GIS), level of traffic stress (LTS) ratings, and location-allocation optimization models. The spatial analysis considered 18 candidate station locations and eliminated those that fell within the 700-meter isochrone walking distance of the 11 existing stations. This case study demonstrates a scalable workflow that planners can repeat to achieve sustainable micromobility deployments by considering the land use, population density, activity points, and characteristics of the available pathways in their unique setting.
39
ELLIS-IVERSEN, J., A. RIDLEY, V. MORRIS, A. SOWA, J. HARRIS, R. ATTERBURY, N. SPARKS, and V. ALLEN. "Persistent environmental reservoirs on farms as risk factors forCampylobacterin commercial poultry." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 5 (July 25, 2011): 916–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881100118x.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYCampylobacteris the most common known source of human bacterial enteritis in the developed world and poultry is considered the main source. Broilers often become colonized withCampylobacterduring rearing, and then contaminate the farm environment. The objective of this study was to identifyCampylobacter-positive environmental reservoirs on farms, as these pose a risk to broiler flocks becoming colonized withCampylobacter. We considered the temporal aspects of exposure and colonization. A longitudinal study monitored six conventional rearing farms over 2 years. The broiler flocks, catchers' equipment, vehicles, shed surrounds, shed entrance, other equipment, farm entrance, other animals, puddles, dead birds, mains water and drinkers were systematically sampled 2–4 times per flock. A multivariable generalized estimating equation model was used to assess associations between contaminated environmental sites and colonized broiler flocks. The associations were adjusted for confounders and other known risk factors. To further assess temporality of contamination, the sequence of contamination of the different environmental sites and the flocks was established. Contaminated shed entrances and anterooms, contaminated drinkers and shedding ofCampylobacterby other animals such as cattle, dogs, wildlife and rodents were significantly associated with positive flocks. The reservoir of ‘other animals’ was also the reservoir most commonly positive before the flock became colonized. The other sites usually became contaminated after the flock was colonized.
40
Lykov, Igor, Nadezhda Loboda, and Alexey Streltsov. "MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ACOUSTIC POLLUTION OF URBANIZED AREAS." Akustika 32 (March 1, 2019): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20193239.
Full textAbstract:
Noise pollution of the urban environment in recent years has become a serious environmental and social problem, a threat to the health and well-being of the population. Although noise for the population is not such a priority, as, for example, chemical pollution of air and water, but it has always been the subject of public interest. There are varieties of noise generation sources of which the traffic noise could be a major source. Among the many factors affecting the health of the population, urban noise is the most common and aggressive. The article deals with the problem of the negative impact of noise on human health and on the structure of the general morbidity of the population. The authors addressed the problem of noise pollution in the city of Kaluga. Presents the dynamics of changes in the number of cars and noise pollution over the past ten years. It is shown that today cars are the dominant sources of urban noise environment. The interpretation of the results of full-scale acoustic measurements carried out on the main urban highways is given. The regularities of changes in noise levels in different seasons of the year are revealed. It is concluded that the permissible values of acoustic effects in the city of Kaluga are exceeded. The results of the integrated assessment of child morbidity associated with an increase in the number of vehicles in the city and an increase in acoustic load are presented.
41
Pauwels, Alex, Nadia Pourmohammad-Zia, and Frederik Schulte. "Safety and Sustainable Development of Automated Driving in Mixed-Traffic Urban Areas—Considering Vulnerable Road Users and Network Efficiency." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 13486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013486.
Full textAbstract:
Next to environmental aspects, establishing areas for safe and economically viable automated driving in mixed-traffic settings is one major challenge for sustainable development of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). This work investigates safety in the interactions between AVs, human-driven vehicles, and vulnerable road users, including cyclists and pedestrians, within a simulated urban environment in the Dutch city of Rotterdam. New junction and pedestrian models are introduced, and virtual AVs with an occlusion-aware driving system are deployed to deliver cargo autonomously. The safety of applying this autonomous cargo delivery service is assessed using a large set of Surrogate Safety Indicators (SSIs). Furthermore, Macroscopic Fundamental Diagrams (MFDs) and travel time loss are incorporated to evaluate the network efficiency. By assessing the impact of various measures involving Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications, infrastructure modifications, and driving behavior, we show that traffic safety and network efficiency can be achieved in a living lab setting for the considered case. Our findings further suggest that V2X gets implemented, new buildings are not placed close to intersections, and the speed limit of non-arterial roads is lowered.
42
Sun, Zhongda, Minglu Zhu, and Chengkuo Lee. "Progress in the Triboelectric Human–Machine Interfaces (HMIs)-Moving from Smart Gloves to AI/Haptic Enabled HMI in the 5G/IoT Era." Nanoenergy Advances 1, no. 1 (September 19, 2021): 81–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanoenergyadv1010005.
Full textAbstract:
Entering the 5G and internet of things (IoT) era, human–machine interfaces (HMIs) capable of providing humans with more intuitive interaction with the digitalized world have experienced a flourishing development in the past few years. Although the advanced sensing techniques based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) or microelectromechanical system (MEMS) solutions, e.g., camera, microphone, inertial measurement unit (IMU), etc., and flexible solutions, e.g., stretchable conductor, optical fiber, etc., have been widely utilized as sensing components for wearable/non-wearable HMIs development, the relatively high-power consumption of these sensors remains a concern, especially for wearable/portable scenarios. Recent progress on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) self-powered sensors provides a new possibility for realizing low-power/self-sustainable HMIs by directly converting biomechanical energies into valuable sensory information. Leveraging the advantages of wide material choices and diversified structural design, TENGs have been successfully developed into various forms of HMIs, including glove, glasses, touchpad, exoskeleton, electronic skin, etc., for sundry applications, e.g., collaborative operation, personal healthcare, robot perception, smart home, etc. With the evolving artificial intelligence (AI) and haptic feedback technologies, more advanced HMIs could be realized towards intelligent and immersive human–machine interactions. Hence, in this review, we systematically introduce the current TENG HMIs in the aspects of different application scenarios, i.e., wearable, robot-related and smart home, and prospective future development enabled by the AI/haptic-feedback technology. Discussion on implementing self-sustainable/zero-power/passive HMIs in this 5G/IoT era and our perspectives are also provided.
43
Dronova, E., and E. Boklag. "THE IMPACT OF THE KYIV TRANSPORT SYSTEM ON CITIZENS LIFE AND MOBILITY." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 66-67 (2017): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2017.66.14.
Full textAbstract:
The features of the socio-geographic research of urban transport systems impact on the people vital functions are disclosed in this paper. The indicators of transport networks development and current requirements for public transport are analyzed. It is revealed that a key concept of the investigation of transport impact on the population is accessibility. Accessibility is defined as the ability of individual to access to certain centers or services. It involves such aspects as services availability and quality, travel time, cost and effort of movement in space. Article emphasizes that the indigents suffer the cumulative effect of poor transport accessibility, because of their habitats in low-price neighborhoods are often located far from the places of employment or services. The high cost of transportation and required high travel efforts restricts mobility. The map of travel time accessibility to the Kyiv center by public transport was created using the isochronous method. The analysis of this map allows identifying the disparities in the development of the transport network. In some areas a very low accessibility can be revealed due to lack of access roads, land forms complexity, individual housing system, the airport location, railway lines with insufficient number of bridges etc. Particularly difficult situation is typical for such areas as Darnytskyi Railway Carriage Repair Plant region, Juliani, Troyeshchyna and Borschagivka. The average daily passenger traffic flow of the stations of three subway lines in Kiev was analyzed. The maximum and minimum loads and factors that affect them are considered. It is revealed in the research that Kiev transport system has a low level of availability, safety, environmental friendliness and comfort and not enough advantageous for persons with disabilities. The excessive level of automobilization in Kiev can be considered as the evidence of imperfection and inconvenience of the public transport there. From the other hand the motorized vehicles are a factor that displaces public transport from the urban transport system and prevent its development. The priority measures for the improvement of transport situation in Ukraine capital are outlined. They include solving the problem of Dnipro river bridges congestion; enhancement the accessibility of areas cut off by railways in the way of expanding the network of overpasses; construction of the new modes of high-speed light-rail transit; adoption of the traffic automated management system; development and encouragement of the use of environmentally sound forms of transport (vehicles powered by electricity or alternative fuels, etc.).
44
Al-Shareeda, Mahmood A., and Selvakumar Manickam. "COVID-19 Vehicle Based on an Efficient Mutual Authentication Scheme for 5G-Enabled Vehicular Fog Computing." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 23 (November 24, 2022): 15618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315618.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic is currently having disastrous effects on every part of human life everywhere in the world. There have been terrible losses for the entire human race in all nations and areas. It is crucial to take good precautions and prevent COVID-19 because of its high infectiousness and fatality rate. One of the key spreading routes has been identified to be transportation systems. Therefore, improving infection tracking and healthcare monitoring for high-mobility transportation systems is impractical for pandemic control. In order to enhance driving enjoyment and road safety, 5G-enabled vehicular fog computing may gather and interpret pertinent vehicle data, which open the door to non-contact autonomous healthcare monitoring. Due to the urgent need to contain the automotive pandemic, this paper proposes a COVID-19 vehicle based on an efficient mutual authentication scheme for 5G-enabled vehicular fog computing. The proposed scheme consists of two different aspects of the special flag, SF = 0 and SF = 1, denoting normal and COVID-19 vehicles, respectively. The proposed scheme satisfies privacy and security requirements as well as achieves COVID-19 and healthcare solutions. Finally, the performance evaluation section shows that the proposed scheme is more efficient in terms of communication and computation costs as compared to most recent related works.
45
Vrbanić, Filip, Mladen Miletić, Leo Tišljarić, and Edouard Ivanjko. "Influence of Variable Speed Limit Control on Fuel and Electric Energy Consumption, and Exhaust Gas Emissions in Mixed Traffic Flows." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020932.
Full textAbstract:
Modern urban mobility needs new solutions to resolve high-complexity demands on urban traffic-control systems, including reducing congestion, fuel and energy consumption, and exhaust gas emissions. One example is urban motorways as key segments of the urban traffic network that do not achieve a satisfactory level of service to serve the increasing traffic demand. Another complex need arises by introducing the connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and accompanying additional challenges that modern control systems must cope with. This study addresses the problem of decreasing the negative environmental aspects of traffic, which includes reducing congestion, fuel and energy consumption, and exhaust gas emissions. We applied a variable speed limit (VSL) based on Q-Learning that utilizes electric CAVs as speed-limit actuators in the control loop. The Q-Learning algorithm was combined with the two-step temporal difference target to increase the algorithm’s effectiveness for learning the VSL control policy for mixed traffic flows. We analyzed two different optimization criteria: total time spent on all vehicles in the traffic network and total energy consumption. Various mixed traffic flow scenarios were addressed with varying CAV penetration rates, and the obtained results were compared with a baseline no-control scenario and a rule-based VSL. The data about vehicle-emission class and the share of gasoline and diesel human-driven vehicles were taken from the actual data from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics. The obtained results show that Q-Learning-based VSL can learn the control policy and improve the macroscopic traffic parameters and total energy consumption and can reduce exhaust gas emissions for different electric CAV penetration rates. The results are most apparent in cases with low CAV penetration rates. Additionally, the results indicate that for the analyzed traffic demand, the increase in the CAV penetration rate alleviates the need to impose VSL control on an urban motorway.
46
Lubna, Naveed Mufti, and Syed Afaq Ali Shah. "Automatic Number Plate Recognition:A Detailed Survey of Relevant Algorithms." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 26, 2021): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093028.
Full textAbstract:
Technologies and services towards smart-vehicles and Intelligent-Transportation-Systems (ITS), continues to revolutionize many aspects of human life. This paper presents a detailed survey of current techniques and advancements in Automatic-Number-Plate-Recognition (ANPR) systems, with a comprehensive performance comparison of various real-time tested and simulated algorithms, including those involving computer vision (CV). ANPR technology has the ability to detect and recognize vehicles by their number-plates using recognition techniques. Even with the best algorithms, a successful ANPR system deployment may require additional hardware to maximize its accuracy. The number plate condition, non-standardized formats, complex scenes, camera quality, camera mount position, tolerance to distortion, motion-blur, contrast problems, reflections, processing and memory limitations, environmental conditions, indoor/outdoor or day/night shots, software-tools or other hardware-based constraint may undermine its performance. This inconsistency, challenging environments and other complexities make ANPR an interesting field for researchers. The Internet-of-Things is beginning to shape future of many industries and is paving new ways for ITS. ANPR can be well utilized by integrating with RFID-systems, GPS, Android platforms and other similar technologies. Deep-Learning techniques are widely utilized in CV field for better detection rates. This research aims to advance the state-of-knowledge in ITS (ANPR) built on CV algorithms; by citing relevant prior work, analyzing and presenting a survey of extraction, segmentation and recognition techniques whilst providing guidelines on future trends in this area.
47
Patel, Ankit R., Dhaval R. Vyas, Anilkumar Markana, and Raja Jayaraman. "A Conceptual Model for Integrating Sustainable Supply Chain, Electric Vehicles, and Renewable Energy Sources." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114484.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of climate change can be seen immediately in ecosystems. Recent events have resulted in a commitment to the Paris Agreement for the reduction of carbon emissions by a significant amount by the year 2030. Rapid urbanisation is taking place to provide room for an increasing number of people’s residences. Increasing the size of a city and the number of people living there creates a daily need for consumable resources. In the areas of transportation, supply chains, and the utilisation of renewable energy sources, deliver on pledges that promote the accomplishment of the Sustainable Development Goals established by the United Nations. As a result, the supply chain needs to be handled effectively to meet the requirements of growing cities. Management of the supply chain should be in harmony with the environment; nevertheless, the question of how to manage a sustainable supply chain without having an impact on the environment is still mostly understood. The purpose of this study is to present a conceptual model that may be used to maintain a sustainable supply chain with electric vehicles in such a way that caters to both environmental concerns and human requirements. As part of the continual process of achieving sustainability, interrelationships between the various aspects that are being investigated, comprehended, and applied are provided by the model that was developed. It is self-evident that governmental and international organisations that are concerned with supply-demand side information will benefit from such a model, and these organisations will locate viable solutions in accordance with the model’s recommendations. Beneficiaries consist of individuals who are active in the supply chain and are concerned with supply-demand side information. These individuals also need to understand how to effectively manage this information.
48
Kraut, Marianne, and Ioana Victoria Koglbauer. "STPA-Based Analysis of the Process Involved in Enforcing Road Safety in Austria." Safety 7, no. 2 (May 8, 2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7020034.
Full textAbstract:
The European Commission pursues a strategic action plan using the “Safe System” approach. The function, layout and design of roads shall be coordinated in such a way that human error is compensated, and possible accidents no longer cause fatalities or serious injuries. Four fields of action are defined: people, vehicles, roads and laws. This study aims to model the process involved in road safety management in Austria based on the System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) and to identify areas of improvement that also meet these goals. This is intended to create the basis for a method that can also be applied in practice to meet the “Safe System” approach. The traffic authorities or road owners are responsible for monitoring and enforcing road safety in Austria. Their main instrument is the Road Safety Inspection (RSI) that focuses primarily on road traffic planning aspects. This study proposes a method for including human-road-vehicle interactions in RSI. The STPA-based analysis showed how the road safety management and RSI can be improved to provide more comprehensive, accurate and relevant information about hazards at various levels of the safety management structure. The results can be used for improving the safety of all road users.
49
Azad, Zeeshan, and Muhammad Shakeel Virk. "Cable Propelled Gondola System Operation in Icing Conditions." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.120315.
Full textAbstract:
The scope of this study comprehends problems associated with modern urban vehicles known as cable propelled gondolas system operations in icing conditions. The aspects under consideration are problems related to the operations, safety, and maintenance of cable car systems in harsh climate conditions. The geographical location of the gondola cars makes them vulnerable to severe weather conditions especially in cold climates of the northern hemisphere, where icing on its components is an operational, maintenance, and safety concern. The harsh climate conditions can cause unadorned malfunctions posing a threat to the integrity the of system as well as a high risk to human safety. The study basis on the identification of these problems in operational, maintenance and safety domain including implications the industry faces in the form of severe accidents costing precious lives and lost capital. Furthermore, it incorporates the ice detection, anti/de-icing approaches as well as the safety strategies in use nowadays. The massive increase in operations and dynamic climate conditions gondola cars require serious attention. This study unsheathes serious underlying problems that severely affect the gondola operations, makes them prone to major maintenance shutdowns and poses high risk to structural and human safety. The identified problems in this study and severity of risks draw attention to need for practicable solutions incorporating de-icing and ice removal techniques for safe operation of gondolas in cold climates saving time, effort, inconvenience, and prodigious lost capital.
50
Michalski, Ranny, Giovanna Milani Caparroz, and Laís de Gusmão Coutinho. "Sound evaluation of urban spaces in the central area of São Paulo." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5792–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-3295.
Full textAbstract:
The present work evaluates noise conditions to which people are subject in the central region of São Paulo city. Strategic points were chosen for sound assessment, considering quantitative and qualitative aspects. Different occupancy profiles, height of buildings, constructive density, number of empty spaces, width of the roads and capacity of vehicle flow, were selected. In addition to acoustic measurements, an evaluation of the profile and flow of the vehicles has been made, to serve as input for simulation in a computational model of urban environmental noise and noise mapping of selected areas. The concept of soundscape was approached with the characterization of local sound sources and their sound perception. Questionnaires were applied for subjective assessment and the profile of the interviewees was also characterized. This attitude is important because it leads to an understanding of who exactly is exposed and affected by certain sound levels, and how the same sound level can generate different perceptions. This sensibility while approaching the subject makes people stop being just numbers and more human strategies are adopted for urban planning. At the end, an image was produced to summarize the overall analysis performed.