Journal articles on the topic 'Human powered vehicles Design and construction'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Human powered vehicles Design and construction.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Human powered vehicles Design and construction.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Baldissera, Paolo, Cristiana Delprete, and Anatolii Zahar. "Design and Construction of a Moving Cassette Electronic Gear-Shift for Human Powered Vehicles." Machines 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines7030055.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, the design and implementation of an electronic bicycle gear-shift with moving cassette is presented. The niche context where the needs developed is explained and the project evolution over two versions is described. Technical aspects considered in the design phase are discussed and detailed explanations of hardware layout and control software logic are given. Performance of the two implemented versions are compared through data recorded during the target competition (pedaling cadence and torque), highlighting the higher reliability of the second design thanks to mechanical simplification and a more stable position feedback. An additional comparison with cadence data from other competitors in a speed-challenge competition is then presented to highlights the main benefit obtained: a reduced variance in cadence that enables the rider to pedal at his optimal rate since the early stage and through the whole run-up. Finally, the current development of the project under a Proof of Concept grant is presented by discussing its potential application on the standard bicycle market, the need for an assessment of its value proposition and the main obstacles to overcome for complying (or not) with the current market standards. The article offers an overview of practical aspects to be considered when designing high-speed human powered vehicle transmissions, including technical details of an innovative solution and critical considerations about the possibility of such a specific design to develop within the standard bicycle market.
2
Chakraborty, Suprava, Devaraj Elangovan, Karthikeyan Palaniswamy, Ashley Fly, Dineshkumar Ravi, Denis Ashok Sathia Seelan, and Thundil Karuppa Raj Rajagopal. "A Review on the Numerical Studies on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Flow Channel Designs for Automotive Applications." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 9520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249520.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change and the major threat it poses to the environment and human lives is the major challenge the world faces today. To overcome this challenge, it is recommended that future automobiles have zero carbon exhaust emissions. Even though battery electric vehicles reduce carbon emissions relative to combustion engines, a carbon footprint still remains in the overall ecosystem unless the battery is powered by renewable energy sources. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an alternate source for automotive mobility which, similar to battery electric vehicles, has zero carbon emissions from its exhaust pipe. Moreover, the typical system level efficiency of a PEMFC is higher than an equivalent internal combustion powertrain. This review article covers the background history, working principles, challenges and applications of PEMFCs for automotive transportation and power generation in industries. Since the performance of a PEMFC is greatly influenced by the design of the anode and cathode flow channels, an in-depth review has been carried out on different types of flow channel designs. This review reveals the importance of flow channel design with respect to uniform gas (reactant) distribution, membrane proton conductivity, water flooding and thermal management. An exhaustive study has been carried out on different types of flow channels, such as parallel, serpentine, interdigitated and bio-inspired, with respect to their performance and applications.
3
Baldissera, Paolo, and Cristiana Delprete. "From PBL to innovation: a decennial case-study from an HPV student team." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-01-2019-0005.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The implementation of project-based learning (PBL) activities in the curricula of engineering students has become a consolidated method to improve their skills. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience acquired by the authors from a decennial case-study on a student team PBL activity focused on design and development of human-powered vehicles (HPVs). A review of the project evolution, boundary constraints and management choices could provide inspiration and suggestions to faculty staff that would like to set-up similar experiences for engineering students in their universities. Design/methodology/approach A student team was funded by the authors in 2008 to gather engineering students interested in design and construction of HPVs. In the past decade, the team has grown from 10 up to 60 students enrolled per year and stimulated to develop a range of HPV designs for sports and mobility. The project management evolved as a consequence to com ply with the growing ambitions of the group and complexity of the goals. Findings A thorough analysis of factors contributing to the success of the project led to identification of the key factors to increase student participation: persistence of the faculty staff is essential, attending competitions and challenges increases students’ recruitment and formal recognition of the activity through credits and the implementation of intermediate assessment steps increase the active participation rate. Bigger teams reduce the negative impact of recruits eventually abandoning the project in an early stage. Ambitious goals keep students motivated for longer periods and enable a virtuous circle by transferring enthusiasm and knowledge to new members. Research limitations/implications The activity is analyzed starting from a subjective experience perspective and some of the findings/conclusions may be not applicable in a different context. However, such review can suggest strategies on the long-term period to create similar conditions elsewhere. Social implications In the last part of the paper, it is pointed out how PBL projects can provide a fertile ground for innovation and lead to patents and development of new products aiming at the market. Originality/value This study contributes to provide an insight view of how a student team PBL activity can grow over a decade if guided by faculty staff.
4
Soparat, Preecha, Ornkamon Wangapisit, and Surangkana Trangkanont. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLANS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT, VEHICLES, AND TOOLS UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION POLICY TRANSFORMATIONS IN THAILAND." ASEAN Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v11.17868.
Full textAbstract:
This article aims to propose the equipment, vehicle, and tool (EVT) management plans appropriate to the department of rural roads (DRR) in the current situation. This situation is influenced by the government policies that constrain human resources, with budget limitations and new forms of funding procedures. These factors along with technology advancement have challenged the DRR to establish an EVT management plan. To create the plan, the effective inquiry as part of design thinking is used to assess influences through the focus group and content analysis method. The results indicate that the DRR project development role is changed. This change results in four strategic management plans in the EVT. These strategic plans are concerning the EVT management system, EVT procurement and accessibility, unburden and support DRR staff, and finally EVT maintenance and disposal. Besides, the process of EVT strategic management plan development is described and more concerned with the engagement of the policymakers. Therefore, this report facilitates the other public agencies, particularly in the developing countries, in their plan development, based on multifactor real-world settings.
5
Venkatesan, Murugan, Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam, Pradeep Vishnuram, Mohit Bajaj, Vojtech Blazek, Lukas Prokop, and Stanislav Misak. "A Review of Compensation Topologies and Control Techniques of Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle Applications." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 7816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207816.
Full textAbstract:
Owing to the constantly rising energy demand, Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)-equipped vehicles are being replaced by Electric Vehicles (EVs). The other advantage of using EVs is that the batteries can be utilised as an energy storage device to increase the penetration of renewable energy sources. Integrating EVs with the grid is one of the recent advancements in EVs using Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. A bidirectional technique enables power transfer between the grid and the EV batteries. Moreover, the Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer (BWPT) method can support consumers in automating the power transfer process without human intervention. However, an effective BWPT requires a proper vehicle and grid coordination with reasonable control and compensation networks. Various compensation techniques have been proposed in the literature, both on the transmitter and receiver sides. Selecting suitable compensation techniques is a critical task affecting the various design parameters. In this study, the basic compensation topologies of the Series–Series (SS), Series–Parallel (SP), Parallel–Parallel (PP), Parallel–Series (SP), and hybrid compensation topology design requirements are investigated. In addition, the typical control techniques for bidirectional converters, such as Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID), sliding mode, fuzzy logic control, model predictive, and digital control, are discussed. In addition, different switching modulation schemes, including Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) control, PWM + Phase Shift control, Single-Phase Shift, Dual-Phase Shift, and Triple-Phase Shift methods, are discussed. The characteristics and control strategies of each are presented, concerning the typical applications. Based on the review analysis, the low-power (Level 1/Level 2) charging applications demand a simple SS compensation topology with a PID controller and a Single-Phase Shift switching method. However, for the medium- or high-power applications (Level 3/Level 4), the dual-side LCC compensation with an advanced controller and a Dual-Side Phase-Shift switching pattern is recommended.
6
Bhavnani, S. H. "Design and Construction of a Solar-Electric Vehicle." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930061.
Full textAbstract:
Recent concerns relating to global warming caused by greenhouse gases, coupled with a growing awareness of the limited available resources of fossil fuels, have spurred an interest in alternative energy powered vehicles. This paper describes the analysis, development, and testing of an aerodynamic vehicle powered by photovoltaic cells. The primary components of the vehicle are the composite material body, the aluminum space frame, the wheel hubs and front suspension assembly, the drive train, and the electrical system. The frame was designed using finite element analysis with the components of the frame modeled as beam elements. The body, designed to have a very high strength-to-weight ratio, was of graphite/Kevlar/Nomex sandwich construction. Testing was carried out using the three-point bend test to determine the optimal sandwich cross-sectional configuration. The design of the front suspension, the wheel hubs, and the power transmission are also discussed. The electrical system, based on a monocrystalline photovoltaic cell assembly, and silver-zinc storage cells, is also described. Finally, results of the optimization routine developed are also described.
7
Kyle, Chester R., and Vincent j. Caiozzo. "Experiments in Human Ergometry as Applied to the Design of Human Powered Vehicles." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2, no. 1 (February 1986): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.2.1.6.
Full textAbstract:
A comparison of six methods of measuring maximal human power output is given. The methods are as follows: the standard bicycle ergometer and modified bicycle ergometer (revised so that a standard racing bicycle and a higher applied torque could be used); a bicycle ridden on a treadmill; an unbraked flywheel bicycle ergometer; power using bicycle wind and rolling resistance measurements; running up stairs with weights; and running up a ramp with weights. Power output was. measured for time periods varying from less than 1 sec to 20 min. Power from the different methods agreed quite well. Example data are given for leg exercise, arm and leg exercise, and cycling in the prone, supine, and standard cycling positions.
8
Liu, Nien-Te, Chang-Tzuoh Wu, and Yung-Chun Lin. "APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS TO THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE HUMAN-POWERED VEHICLES." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 3 (September 2017): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1034.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple and quick process for creating new design concepts for human-powered vehicles. First, the design theme for an innovative bicycle is described. Next, the functional elements of the bicycle are selected according to the contents described in the design theme. Based on the design requirements, various spatial arrangements of the creative functional elements are produced. In the final step, we followed the flowchart of the creative functional elements constructed by this research and demonstrated a case study design.
9
Wang, Dianjun, Xiaofan Yang, Ya Chen, zilong wang, Zhongkang Song, Zhikun Zhu, and Peng Wang. "Design of robotic hydrogen-filling system for hydrogen-powered vehicles." Cobot 1 (October 11, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/cobot.17597.1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The application of hydrogen-powered vehicles is increasingly widespread, however, the hydrogen-filling process can be dangerous, to ensure both safety and efficiency. A new robotic hydrogen-filling system whose consisting of a hybrid robot combined with an automatic guided vehicle and robotic arm is designed. Methods: An analysis of functional composition of the system was performed, and the hardware scheme was designed. A dual-differential drive AGV and an end effector including a holding jaw and a sucker were designed. According to the system workflow, the control system is divided into four modules. A path planning simulation considering obstacle avoidance is carried out based on improved artificial potential field method and a trajectory planning of the operating arm is completed using source code written in MATLAB. Results: The simulation results show that the automatic guided vehicle can avoid obstacles and move to the specified position. The planed trajectory for robotic arm has certain smoothness, which can be proved that the operating arm can complete the process of grasping the hydrogenation gun. Conclusions: The robotic hydrogen-filling system can replace human beings in most of the work of the hydrogen-filling process, which provides a theoretical basis for automatic hydrogen refueling station.
10
Child, Malcolm S., and L. Alberto Cangahuala. "Sea Beaver: Design, Construction, and Performance of a Human-Powered Submersible." Marine Technology and SNAME News 31, no. 03 (July 1, 1994): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1994.31.3.231.
Full textAbstract:
This paper reports on the history of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's entry in the 2nd International Human-Powered Submarine Race. The design of this entry was an evolution of the MIT design (named Icarus) from the first competition, held in 1989. Anticipating an increase in competitive entries, the new MIT entry (hereafter referred to as Sea Beaver) was designed to be more reliable and faster than Icarus. Sea Beaver was designed with a maximum diameter four inches smaller than Icarus. This change in cross section forced a change from a rotary to linear pedaling mechanism. The linear pedal motion was transferred to the drive shaft through an innovative arrangement of pulleys and one-way hub bearings. This arrangement allowed the pedals to remain independent from one another, opening up the possibility to experiment with different pedaling cadences. The propeller was designed for efficiency and to minimize the possibility of entanglement with lines along the course. The steering system was arranged to take up the least volume inside the hull as possible. In addition to taking advantage of experience gained in the design of Icarus, the MIT team also made significant advances in construction techniques. The hull, propellers, and nose cones were all fabricated from molds built by team members. Compared with the Icarus construction history, Sea Beaver was completed in less time, at less cost, with more spare parts available during the competition. For the design and construction of the propulsion system, the Sea Beaver team received the 1991 Medal of Engineering Excellence from Popular Science Magazine.
11
Liu, Nien-Te, Chang-Tzuoh Wu, and Yung-Chun Lin. "APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS TO THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE HUMAN-POWERED VEHICLES." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 3 (September 2017): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-0034.
Full text
12
Noble, Peter, David McMillan, and Mark Dabell. "Development of a Diesel-Powered, Heavy Lift, Amphibious Air Cushion Lighter System for the U.S. Army." Marine Technology and SNAME News 31, no. 03 (July 1, 1994): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1994.31.3.161.
Full textAbstract:
In order to provide additional over-the-shore logistics for U.S. troops, the U.S. Army recently solicited a proposal for the design and construction of a new Lighter Amphibious-Heavy (LAMP-H) vehicle. The vehicle had to be capable of carrying 100 short tons of deck cargo at 10 knots and be fully amphibious. Kvaerner Masa Marine (KMM) was retained by Bollinger Machine Shop & Shipyard in Lockport, Louisiana, to develop a new concept in military heavy-lift, amphibious vehicles, based on earlier work on diesel-powered air cushion vehicles. Existing air cushion military transport vehicles, such as the U.S. Army LACV-30 and the U.S. Navy L-CAC, represent what may be best described as "low technology aircraft" with lightweight, aluminum structures and gas turbine prime movers. The Kvaerner/Bollinger approach has been to develop a "high technology marine craft" with combination steel/aluminum structure and diesel engines. The project evolved through concept design and model testing into a contract design package from which a shipyard bid proposal was developed. The resultant design gives an innovative solution to the over-the-shore logistics problem.
13
Wilson, C., J. Nutbean, and I. Bond. "Aerodynamic and structural design of a solar-powered micro unmanned air vehicle." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 214, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954410001531845.
Full textAbstract:
The field of micro unmanned aerial vehicles ((μUAVs) has advanced rapidly in recent years. This paper studies the design and construction of a small solar-powered aircraft near the size range of current (μUAVs. A number of aspects of their design were analysed, including structural, aerodynamic and propulsion system considerations. The effect of small-scale, low Reynolds number aerodynamics was investigated, and the performance of a range of candidate aerofoils was compared. The integration of a solar power source into the aircraft system was considered a key design issue. Consequently, a number of aircraft configurations were examined, with the intention of optimizing the application of solar power in a miniature aircraft. Investigation of improved system components suggests that a practical solar-powered aircraft in the size range below 500 mm maximum linear dimension should be viable given modest technological improvements.
14
Owers, D. J., and S. D. Probert. "A human-powered hydrofoil racing-boat: Design and development." Applied Energy 21, no. 4 (January 1985): 289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(85)90013-3.
Full text
15
Baldissera, Paolo, and Cristiana Delprete. "Rolling resistance, vertical load and optimal number of wheels in human-powered vehicle design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337115625002.
Full textAbstract:
Even if it makes a smaller contribution than aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance plays a non-negligible role in the efficiency of human-powered vehicles, whether they are designed for daily commuting or to set speed records. The literature, experimental evidence and models show that the rolling resistance coefficient of cycling wheels strongly depends on the supported load, suggesting that the number of wheels and the load distribution could play a role in vehicle design and in road-test data analysis. Starting with an in-depth look at the relationship between a single wheel and overall vehicle rolling resistance coefficients, an analysis is proposed and discussed with the aim of minimizing the rolling resistance of a vehicle. Finally, a parametric surface response model for rolling resistance is obtained as a function of wheel size and the number of wheels. The overall analysis overturns the popular assumption according to which ‘the more wheels, the more rolling resistance’, at least according to a strict definition of the phenomenon.
16
Beloev, Ivan. "Development and Evaluation of Personal Urban Concept Vehicle Powered by a Hydrogen Fuel Cell." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 24, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2021-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract To reduce the levels of harmful emissions and to minimize the noise pollution, many leading countries have started pilot projects and initiatives for gradual transition to electrical vehicles or vehicles powered by alternative fuel sources, including natural gas, hydrogen, propane, biofuels, and methanol. Parallel to this, many automotive companies are also exploring and using every possibility to introduce newer manufacturing technologies and materials in the vehicle development and construction processes. The results of these efforts are vehicles that are lighter and have lower fuel consumption, but at the same time are capable to provide the industry approved levels of comfort, reliability, and protection to the passengers. One of the many drivers for the abovementioned evolution of the automotive industry are the numerous events and races, where teams from different countries and continents are competing for dominance. The focus of this paper is to present the processes for design, development and evaluation of a hydrogen fuel cell powered racing vehicle, which was developed at the “Angel Kanchev” University of Ruse in Bulgaria. The paper presents results from simulated and real on-track experiments with the vehicle prototype. Emulations and analysis on the possibilities to improve the vehicle performance, as well as to increase the effectiveness of the vehicle power supply system, using a system for regenerative braking, are also provided in the last section of the paper.
17
Lin, Cheng, Li Zhao, Xingqun Cheng, and Wenwei Wang. "A DCT-Based Driving Cycle Generation Method and Its Application for Electric Vehicles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/178902.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, many widely used driving cycle (DC) representing and generating methods are designed for traditional vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICE). The real-world driving is viewed as a sequence of acceleration, cruise, deceleration, and idle modes. The emission and fuel consumption in each period should be taken into account carefully. However, for electric vehicles (EVs), most of them are powered by low or zero-emission renewable energy sources. The working status and energy management algorithms of them are very different from traditional vehicles. To facilitate the EV design, we proposed a novel DC representing and construction method to generate DCs for EVs. The whole driving route is divided into several length-fixed segments and each of these segments is converted into a frequency sequence. After doing that, we can adjust the frequency and amplitude of the generated driving cycle directly. The experiment results showed that the proposed method was effective and convenient.
18
Marinaro, Gianluca, Zhuangying Xu, Zhengpu Chen, Chenxi Li, Yizhou Mao, and Andrea Vacca. "The PurdueTracer: An Energy-Efficient Human-Powered Hydraulic Bicycle with Flexible Operation and Software Aids." Energies 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2018): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11020305.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrostatic transmissions (HT) are widely applied to heavy-duty mobile applications because of the advantages of layout flexibility, power to weight ratio, and ease of control. Though applications of fluid power in light-duty vehicles face challenges, including the unavailability of off-the-shelf components suitable to the power scale, there are potential advantages for HTs in human-powered vehicles, such as bicycles, the most important one being the energy-saving advantage achievable through regenerative braking in a hybrid HT. This paper describes an innovative design for a hydraulic hybrid bicycle, i.e., the PurdueTracer. The PurdueTracer is an energy-efficient human-powered hydraulic bicycle with flexible operation and software aids. An open-circuit hydraulic hybrid transmission allows PurdueTracer to operate in four modes: Pedaling, Charging, Boost, and Regeneration, to satisfy users’ need for different riding occasions. An aluminum chassis that also functions as a system reservoir was customized for the PurdueTracer to optimize the durability, riding comfort, and space for components. The selection of the hydraulic components was performed by creating a model of the bicycle in AMESim simulation software and conducting a numerical optimization based on the model. The electronic system equipped users with informative feedback showing the bicycle performance, intuitive execution of functions, and comprehensive guidance for operation. This paper describes the design approach and the main results of the PurdueTracer, which also won the 2017 National Fluid Power Association Fluid Power Vehicle Challenge. This championship serves to prove the excellence of this vehicle in terms of effectiveness, efficiency, durability, and novelty.
19
Loianno, Giuseppe, Yash Mulgaonkar, Chris Brunner, Dheeraj Ahuja, Arvind Ramanandan, Murali Chari, Serafin Diaz, and Vijay Kumar. "Autonomous flight and cooperative control for reconstruction using aerial robots powered by smartphones." International Journal of Robotics Research 37, no. 11 (September 2018): 1341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0278364918774136.
Full textAbstract:
Advances in consumer electronics products and the technology seen in personal computers, digital cameras, and smartphones phones have led to the price/performance ratio of sensors and processors falling dramatically over the last decade. In particular, many consumer products are packaged with small cameras, gyroscopes, and accelerometers, all sensors that are needed for autonomous robots in GPS-denied environments. The low mass and small form factor make them particularly well suited for autonomous flight with small flying robots. In this work, we present the first fully autonomous smartphone-based system for quadrotors. We show how multiple quadrotors can be stabilized and controlled to achieve autonomous flight in indoor buildings with application to smart homes, search and rescue, monitoring construction projects, and developing models for architecture design. In our work, the computation for sensing and control runs on an off-the-shelf smartphone, with all the software functionality embedded in a smartphone app. No additional sensors or processors are required for autonomous flight. We are also able to use multiple, coordinated autonomous aerial vehicles to improve the efficiency of our mission. In our framework, multiple vehicles are able to plan safe trajectories avoiding inter-robot collisions, while concurrently building in a cooperative manner a three-dimensional map of the environment. The work allows any consumer with any number of robots equipped with smartphones to autonomously drive a team of quadrotor robots, even without GPS, by downloading our app and cooperatively build three-dimensional maps.
20
Brückmann, Simon M., Horst E. Friedrich, Michael Kriescher, Gundolf Kopp, and Roman Gätzi. "Lightweight Sandwich Structures in Innovative Vehicle Design under Crash Load Cases." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2419.
Full textAbstract:
On modern vehicles, the demand is made to be in every respect as efficient as possible. A technical method to increase energetic efficiency is to reduce the vehicle mass through the implementation of lightweight construction measures. The energy consumption decreases by that and the vehicle dynamics behavior of conventionally and alternatively respectively electrically powered vehicles increases. In the department Lightweight and Hybrid Design Methods of the Institute of Vehicle Concepts in Stuttgart in collaboration with 3A Composite Core Materials, a method which allows to realize sandwich structures for automotive structural applications analytically and conceptually, is developed. The development method based on material and component testing and material values would be determined at different loads, for example in pressure and in-plane tests. These values are transmitted into the analytical determination of so called failure mode maps to derive appropriate sandwich structures. With novel sandwich structures the objectives of high structural stiffness and strength are tracked, as well as a high level of energy absorption potential. By function integrating the potential of lightweight construction, depending on the energy absorption per structural weight, can be further increased. Accompanying tests on generic structures are made to validate the failure behavior. Also the influence of core material on the deformation behavior is examined. The results from the tests are transferred to a vehicle front structure of a planned lightweight vehicle of class L7E called "Safe Light Regional Vehicle" (SLRV). The behavior of the structure is examined in static and dynamic tests. The energy absorbing capacity can be further increased by geometric optimization and the use of different core materials. The research on sandwich materials is part of the research project Next Generation Car (NGC) of the DLR and represents in terms of the new vehicle concept SLRV in sandwich design a novel vehicle concept of this joint project.
21
Menezes, Leonardo Silva, Antonio Carlos Peixoto Bitencourt, Antonio Gabriel Souza Almeida, and Luanda Kívia de Oliveira Rodrigues. "Handbike: Systematic review and prospective study." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 6 (May 20, 2021): e3810615342. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i6.15342.
Full textAbstract:
People with motor disabilities present diverse needs that the available products cannot fully addresses. Handbikes are human-powered vehicles that provide mechanical efficiency and can be used as a product for every day. The objective of this study is to understand how the design aspects of these vehicles have been investigated. As a methodology adopted, a systematic literature review was carried out, in order to find relevant scientific articles on the subject, and a prospective study, to verify the prospective scenario. For the selection criteria adopted, 21 scientific studies and 17 patents, none in Brazil, were found on the research platforms. These results demonstrate that there is potential to work with handbikes in the country due to the market gap.
22
Bairabathina, Saikumar, and Balamurugan S. "Design and Validation of a SEPIC-Based Novel Multi-Input DC-DC Converter for Grid-Independent Hybrid Electric Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 5663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155663.
Full textAbstract:
The multi-input converters play a significant role in developing grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles (GIHEVs). This article describes the design and analysis of a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC)-based novel multi-input DC-DC converter (MIC) for grid-independent hybrid electric vehicles (GIHEVs) that is powered by a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel and a fuel cell. The average large-signal, small-signal, and steady-state modelings are demonstrated to achieve high-quality design and analysis. The proposed converter promises wide output voltage and power flow management at lower duty cycle values. The sources can transfer energy to the load either jointly or individually in this converter with the appropriate operation of the power switches. A hardware prototype is also developed and tested efficiently to uphold the mathematical modeling, design, and operation. With fewer switches, lower voltage stress, and fewer circuit components, the suggested converter claims better gain and higher (96%) efficiency.
23
Chalkiadakis, Nikolaos, Athanasios Stubos, Emmanuel I. Zoulias, and Emmanuel Stamatakis. "Pilot autonomous hybrid hydrogen refueling station utilizing a metal hydride compressor covering local transportation needs." E3S Web of Conferences 334 (2022): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202233406002.
Full textAbstract:
The need for decreasing carbon emissions in the transportation sector in order to meet the targets of the European Union by 2030, inevitably leads to the large scale adoption of cleaner alternatives. Hydrogen fueled vehicles could possibly provide one such alternative, if we could assume that the necessary infrastructure would be widely available throughout Europe. Already, the European Union has committed to the construction of a significant number of Hydrogen Refueling Stations (HRS) by year 2025 and in view of that, there is a need of developing suitable configurations for the production, compression, storage and dispensing of green hydrogen to hydrogen fueled vehicles. This work presents an autonomous hybrid system which produces green hydrogen by PV- powered water electrolysis (PEM), which is subsequently compressed by a novel metal hydride hydrogen compressor to pressures up to 200 bar. This pilot HRS will meet the daily demand of 2 scooters and a golf cart which have been transformed, in order for their electric motor to be powered by a hydrogen fuel cell instead of a battery. An important element of the work which is presented, revolves around the integration of the metal hydride compressor with the rest of the system, and how this integration won’t hinder its functionality. The complete system design and layout is presented, while the results from the system operation could give a good idea regarding the optimal system sizing for similar large scale applications.
24
Cossalter, Vittore, Alberto Doria, Marco Ferrari, Enrico Giolo, Nicola Bianchi, Claudio Martignoni, and Fabio Bovi. "Design of a hybrid propulsion system for a three wheeled bicycle." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 34, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 189–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-11-2013-0372.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – Velomobiles or bicycles cars are human-powered vehicles, enclosed for improving aerodynamic performance and protection from weather and collisions. The purpose of this paper is to design and develop a three-wheeled velomobile equipped with a hybrid human-electric propulsion system. Design/methodology/approach – The mechanical layout has been developed in order to improve safety, a CAD code has been used for the design and the dynamic performances have been studied by means of specific multi-body codes. The electric propulsion system has been designed both with analytical and FEM methods. Findings – A special three-wheeled tilting vehicle layout equipped with a four-bar linkage connection has been developed. A particular synchronous reluctance machine has been developed, which is very suitable for human-electric hybrid propulsion. A MATLAB code for integrated mechanical and electrical analysis has been developed. Originality/value – A new kind of light vehicle has been conceived. A new synchronous reluctance machine with high efficiency has been developed. A performance analysis in electric, human and hybrid working modes has been presented, which takes into account the specific features of both the electric motor and the pedaling legs. A prototype of the vehicle has been built.
25
Keiyinci, Sinan, and Kadir Aydin. "Ground simulation of fuel cell/battery hybrid propulsion system for small unmanned air vehicles." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93, no. 5 (June 10, 2021): 783–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2020-0180.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The endurance of small unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) is directly associated with the energy density of the propulsion system used. As the batteries commonly used in small UAVs have a relatively low energy density, they are not sufficient for long-term endurance tasks. The purpose of this paper is to offer a solution to increase the endurance of a concept small UAV with combination of different power sources. The design, construction and ground tests of fuel cell-powered hybrid propulsion systems are presented in this paper. Design/methodology/approach The power requirements of a concept UAV were calculated according to aerodynamic calculations and then, hybrid propulsion system sources are determined. The hybrid system consists of a 100 W scale proton-exchange membrane (PEM) type fuel cell stack, lithium-polymer battery, solar cells and power management system (PMS). Subsequently, this hybrid power system was integrated with the new design of PMS and then series of ground tests were carried out. Findings This experimental study proved that it is theoretically possible to obtain an endurance of around 3 h for concept UAV with the proposed hybrid system. Practical implications The research study shows that fuel cell-based hybrid propulsion system with the proposed PMS can be widely used to obtain extended endurance in small UAVs. Originality/value A hybrid propulsion system with a novel PMS unit is proposed for small UAVs and the ground tests were implemented.
26
Liu, Fang, Wen Ming Cheng, and Nan Zhao. "Optimal Design of Lower Extremity for Portable Human Exoskeletons Using Improved Particle Swarm Optimization." Advanced Materials Research 538-541 (June 2012): 3215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.3215.
Full textAbstract:
Portable powered human exoskeleton is directed at providing necessary support and help for loaded legged locomotion. The kernel of whole mechanical construction of the exoskeleton is lower extremities. The lower extremities consist of exoskeleton thigh, exoskeleton shank, hydraulic cylinder and corresponding joints. In order to find the optimal combination of design parameters of lower extremities, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on simulated annealing is proposed. To improve global and local search ability of the proposed approach, the inertia weight is varied over time, and jumping probability of simulated annealing is adopted in updating the position vector of particles. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm can obtain the optimal design solutions stably and effectively with less iteration compared to the standard particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing.
27
Zhang, Z., Y. Song, P. Luo, and P. Wu. "EARTH OBSERVATION FOR LAND COVER AND HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-4/W5-2022 (October 17, 2022): 211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-4-w5-2022-211-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Human-environment interactions (HEI) are dynamic processes involving a wide range of research areas. The complicated interaction processes, with land cover change as an intermediate process, have been investigated for decades. Urban construction, as a type of human activity, is an important part of the HEI. Earth observation (EO) techniques offer disclosure of physical and chemical properties, from spectral information to chemical compositions, on the earth surface. These advanced technologies have been applied from space to the ground, covering smart urban construction, land cover monitoring and other topics under the scope of HEI. The aim of this paper is to review the significance and contribution of earth observation in HEI research. This paper summarised the utility of four types of earth observation regarding topics of urban construction and land cover monitoring under the scope of HEI. Furthermore, this paper reviewed four advanced techniques in earth observation, including Radar, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), machine learning algorithms and advanced computing platforms like Google Earth Engine (GEE), which can lead to future development in smart urban construction and smart city design.
28
Anwar, Qaiser, Muhammad Hanif, Daisuke Shimotoku, and Hill H. Kobayashi. "Driver awareness collision/proximity detection system for heavy vehicles based on deep neural network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2330, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2330/1/012001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Heavy vehicles are essentially used to perform several critical tasks in construction industry. These heavy vehicles are different in shape and structure according to their capabilities and needs on the construction sites. Bigger size and different design of these vehicles result in extended blind spot compare to the normal vehicles, thus risking the equipment and workers operating around them. Each year, a large number of incidents are reported involving human injuries or loss of life due to improper handling of blind spots in heavy vehicles. In this paper we developed a deep learning based collision detection and driver assistance methodology by removing the blind spots in haul truck. In the proposed methodology, vision sensor data is used for automatic detection and classification of objects, employing the YOLO-v5 network architecture. For distance measurement of the objects we used stereo imaging camera Intel RealSense D455. The proposed algorithm detects and classify the object around the vehicle and provide the captioning to describe the nature of object to the driver. In addition, the algorithm also measures the distance of objects from the vehicle. The experimental results validate the performance of our proposed methodology in real time.
29
Ghani, M. N. A., R. M. Hudzari, F. I. A. Wahab, M. R. H. Ramli, and A. W. M. Azhar. "Design, Construction and Evaluation of a Smart Agricultural Harvester." Advanced Materials Research 705 (June 2013): 487–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.705.487.
Full textAbstract:
The cost of picking the agriculture product is probably the major factor in determining whether or not there will be an economically successful season for most farmers. Hand harvesting has been costly, whereby, the cost of production constitute up to 80% of the total cost. Jatropha curcas has been considered as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Today, Jatropha curcas have been widely planted for harvesting its fruits for biodiesel production. Unfortunately, until now, the cost of jatropha production for biodiesel production is still high, especially labor costs for harvesting. The aim of the present study was to design, construct and evaluate a portable jatropha harvester to reduce dependence on human labor in the harvesting process. This smart harvester was developed by devising a simple crank powered by a hand drill 12 volt (V) that converts the rotary motion to linear motion at a push rod. To evaluate the machine performance, a factorial experiment with randomized complete randomized design (RCBD) in ten replications was conducted, the factors being shaking frequency (180, 250 and 300 rpm) and shaking duration (5, 10 and 15 seconds). To calculate the ratio of fruit detachment force (F) to its weight (W), appropriate measurements were made. Also, the geometric mean diameter of the fruits was determined at different stages of maturity. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of means by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT) showed that the effects of shaking frequency and shaking time on fruit detachment were greatly significant. The number of fruits detached increased by increasing the shaking frequency. Maximum number of fruits detachment was obtained by applying 300 rpm shaking frequency. Also the number of fruits detached increased by increasing the shaking duration.
30
Johar, Tehseen, and Chiu-Fan Hsieh. "Design Challenges in Hydrogen-Fueled Rotary Engine—A Review." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020607.
Full textAbstract:
The rotary engine (RE) is a potential power plant for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and automobiles because of its structural and design merits. However, it has some serious drawbacks, such as frequent maintenance requirements and excessive fuel consumption. This review paper presents the current status of hydrogen-fueled rotary engine (HRE) technology and identifies the existing research and development gaps in combustion efficiency and performance of this engine that might benefit transportation sector. Focusing primarily on the research from past ten years, the crucial challenges encountered in hydrogen-powered rotary engines have been reviewed in terms of knock, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, and seal leakages. The paper identifies the recent advances in design concepts and production approaches used in hydrogen-fueled rotary engines such as geometric models of trochoid profiles, port configurations, fuel utilization systems, and currently available computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools. This review article is an attempt to collect and organize literature on existing design methods up to date and provide recommendations for further improvements in RE technology.
31
Locatelli Quacchia, Patrizio Tiziano, Lorenzo Sisca, Pietro Ripa, Noemi Giorcelli, and Alessandro Inferrera. "Experimental Validation of a Test Apparatus for the Evaluation of Hydrogen Permeation in Silane-Modified Sealants on Fuel-Cell-Powered Vehicles." Fluids 7, no. 9 (September 10, 2022): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids7090300.
Full textAbstract:
Silane-modified sealants are widely used for the construction of railway vehicles and have several advantages in the production of elastic structural joints and seals featuring high bond thickness. The use of hydrogen fuel cells to power newly developed rolling stock places further safety constraints on the design of the sealing elements of those technical compartments that contain the storage tanks of the propulsion system. Given the lack of solutions based on the use of silane-modified sealants validated for operating environments in which leaks of gaseous hydrogen may occur, an experimental test was carried out to characterize the permeability of some adhesive products according to the requirements of the BS ISO 15105-2:2003 standard, and a specific test bench was developed for this. Two different sealants were subjected to the hydrogen permeability test. The processing of the results provided by the apparatus designed specifically for the execution of the test made it possible to determine a permeability rate dependent on the thickness of the adhesive in the order of ng/(min × cm2). The results of the test were subsequently contextualized within the technical application to rolling stock, with the ultimate aim of verifying that the permeability rate determined experimentally is compatible with the design safety criteria. The developed test bench allowed the correct execution of the permeability test. In general, the two sealants showed hydrogen permeability values compatible with the application. In particular, the hydrogen permeation rate (Rp) was lower than 0.25 ng/min for both sealants.
32
Villalba-Herreros, Antonio, Ó. Santiago, Loredana Magistri, and Teresa J. Leo. "Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Powered by Direct Methanol Fuel Cell-Based Power Plants: A Quick Preliminary Design Model." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 7687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217687.
Full textAbstract:
Investigation, conservation, and exploitation of seas require platforms capable of accomplishing a wide variety of missions in harsh environments with restricted human intervention for long periods of time. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are excellent tools for carrying out these missions due to their versatility and ability to access remote sites. However, despite the improvement of their capabilities, their development is not devoid of challenges. Endurance, among others, such as underwater communications or autonomy, is still a pending subject. Current battery-based solutions do not offer sufficient endurance and innovative power plants with higher energy content are needed. This work studies the advantages, in terms of endurance, of using a power plant based on Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) to power AUVs. In order to accomplish this, a multi-objective optimization tool that makes use of a genetic algorithm was developed. This tool allows quick preliminary design of AUVs with a DMFC-based power plant, complying with a user-defined payload, operation profile, and restrictions. Six designs based on a real AUV model were studied, and endurance values up to 2 times longer than the corresponding reference AUV were obtained. These results support the benefits of using DMFCs to power AUVs to increase their endurance.
33
O, Tărăbuță. "A Study of the Feasibility of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles and Remotely Operated Vehicles in Black Sea." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIX, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i1-067.
Full textAbstract:
An underwater vehicle designed for industrial use in the Black Sea has to tackle two specific characteristics of it, given by its enclosed nature: the strong vertical stratification and the high content of hydrogen sulfide at greater depths. These particular environmental conditions impose also new approaches of design and technology for construction. The innovation foreseen of our study is the very concept of a universal underwater vehicle, based on modular design. Currently, unmanned underwater vehicles are controlled in two main ways, either autonomously (AUV) or by data transfer through an umbilical cable (ROV). Despite the fact AUV and ROV have many common characteristics they are used separately and are disjoint throughout their life cycle. To increase the technical performances and economic efficiency of such vehicles, we planned to design a universal carrier platform able to support different modules. Based on the common carrier sub-system, DCUV (Dual Controlled Underwater Vehicles) can be assembled as an AUV, controlled autonomously and by radio when surfaced. After its recovery and transfer of the sea data recorded during its evolution as an AUV, the specific modules (sensors and battery) are replaced with functional modules needed to change it into an ROV, which can be then remotely controlled towards the contacts of interest. The concept of providing DCUV with a common propulsion unit will be eased by designing of an innovative multi-control system that will integrate data from sensors and human operator with the propulsion motors and end effectors, based on state-of- the-art microcontrollers and their appropriate programming.
34
Yaïci, Wahiba, and Michela Longo. "Feasibility Investigation of Hydrogen Refuelling Infrastructure for Heavy-Duty Vehicles in Canada." Energies 15, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 2848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082848.
Full textAbstract:
A potentially viable solution to the problem of greenhouse gas emissions by vehicles in the transportation sector is the deployment of hydrogen as alternative fuel. A limitation to the diffusion of the hydrogen-fuelled vehicles option is the intricate refuelling stations that vehicles will require. This study examines the practical use of hydrogen fuel within the internal combustion engine (ICE)-powered long-haul, heavy-duty trucking vehicles. Specifically, it appraises the techno-economic feasibility of constructing a network of long-haul truck refuelling stations using hydrogen fuel, across Canada. Hydrogen fuel is chosen as an option for this study due to its low carbon emissions rate compared to diesel. This study also explores various operational methods, including variable technology integration levels and truck traffic flows, truck and pipeline delivery of hydrogen to stations, and the possibility of producing hydrogen onsite. The proposed models created for this work suggest important parameters for economic development, such as capital costs for station construction, the selling price of fuel, and the total investment cost for the infrastructure of a nation-wide refuelling station. Results showed that the selling price of hydrogen gas pipeline delivery option is more economically stable. Specifically, it was found that at 100% technology integration, the range in selling prices was between 8.3 and 25.1 CAD$/kg. Alternatively, at 10% technology integration, the range was from 12.7 to 34.1 CAD$/kg. Moreover, liquid hydrogen, which is delivered by trucks, generally had the highest selling price due to its very prohibitive storage costs. However, truck-delivered hydrogen stations provided the lowest total investment cost; the highest is shown by pipe-delivered hydrogen and onsite hydrogen production processes using high technology integration methods. It is worth mentioning that once hydrogen technology is more developed and deployed, the refuelling infrastructure cost is likely to decrease considerably. It is expected that the techno-economic model developed in this work will be useful to design and optimize new and more efficient hydrogen refuelling stations for any ICE vehicles or fuel cell vehicles.
35
Christensen, Simon, Sajid Rafique, and Shaoping Bai. "Design of a powered full-body exoskeleton for physical assistance of elderly people." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 18, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 172988142110535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17298814211053534.
Full textAbstract:
The development of full-body exoskeletons has been limited due to design complexities, mechanical integration intricacies, and heavier weight, among others. Consequently, very few full-body powered exoskeletons were developed to address these challenges, in spite of increasing demand for physical assistance at full-body level. This article presents an overall design and development of a powered full-body exoskeleton called “FB-AXO.” Primarily, FB-AXO consists of two main subsystems, a lower-body and an upper-body subsystem connected together through waist and spine modules. FB-AXO is developed for the support of weaker ageing adults so that they can continue functioning their daily activities. At the onset of the project, a set of functional and design requirements has been formulated with an extensive end-user involvement and then used in realizing the FB-AXO. The final FB-AXO design comprises of 27 degrees of freedom, of which 10 are active and 17 are passive, having a total system weight of 25 kg. Overall, the article elaborates comprehensively the design, construction, and preliminary testing of FB-AXO. The work effectively addresses design challenges including kinematic compatibility and modularity with innovative solutions. The details of the mechanics, sensors, and electronics of the two subsystems along with specifics of human-exoskeleton interfaces and ranges of motion are also provided. The FB-AXO exoskeleton effectively demonstrated to assist full-body motions such as normal walking, standing, bending as well as executing lifting and carrying tasks to meet the daily living demands of older users.
36
Arulmurugan, R. "Design and Fabrication of Load Carry Electrical Vehicle." Journal of Alternative and Renewable Energy Sources 8, no. 3 (November 22, 2022): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joares.2022.v08i03.004.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this project is to carry the five hundred to seven hundred load short distances. The problem identified is automobile vehicles used to transfer goods for short duration, everywhere. On the other hand, automobile fuel cost has increased abruptly. Due to rises in fuel cost, it is directly and indirectly affected by the cost of living. That means it directly raises all items' cost rise such as vegetable prices, construction materials, cosmetics, etc. On the other hand, automobile vehicles produce more pollutants in the environment. The main object of this paper is to design the fabrication of load-carry electrical vehicles. In the exciting electrical vehicle, auto-rickshaw cost is too high it cannot be afforded by average and below average people. The drawback of the exciting vehicle is the carriage covers 20% of the total load. In the proposed method design weightless carriage and more space as well comfort to carry the load on short as well long distances. The main merit of the proposed method are to reduce the 40% cost compared to the market price. The proposed fabrication 3D diagram and practical implementation as detailed in the following paragraph.
37
Liu, Di, Carolyn M. Sommerich, Elizabeth B.-N. Sanders, and Steven A. Lavender. "Application of a Participatory Methodology for Investigating Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) Usage in the Construction Industry." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 14 (October 2009): 925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905301415.
Full textAbstract:
The participatory workshop is a new concept of design in which developers, end users, and researchers work together to design a product or service. This approach is still in its experimental stage as applied to studying jobs in the construction industry. In the current study, a participatory workshop was conducted to generate ideas for an improved Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) design and another workshop was held to generate ideas on fall protection training. In addition to generating ideas about PFAS design and fall protection training, the data collected through the workshop process was used to create three personas that served, at the end of the project, as vehicles for summarizing the research results. The workshop method is more commonly used by designers, but can provide useful information that can complement data from surveys or laboratory investigations conducted by human factors professionals and others interested in user-centered design.
38
Zeltser, R., M. Kolot, and I. Panasyuk. "Use of unmanned aerial vehicles to monitor the performance of work on scattered construction sites and ways to further implement them in construction in Ukraine." Ways to Improve Construction Efficiency 1, no. 48 (June 24, 2021): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2707-501x.2021.48(1).108-116.
Full textAbstract:
The article covers the improvement of organizational and technological solutions of construction production through the use of unmanned aerial vehicles and special software for remote control of construction of scattered facilities (for example, the construction of cottages in Kyiv region), the experience of using UAVs.
Innovative approaches to the control of the life cycle of construction projects at the stages of engineering surveys and design works, zero cycle, construction of the above-ground part and further operation using drones and special software give the Ukraine construction sector companies a unique chance to realize their potential during the digital revolution and take their rightful place among world leaders.
Due to the lack of operational, accurate data and indicators that describe the state of the construction site, companies face such problems as management’s lack of up-to-date information on the project implementation progress, late detection of actual of the progress of work performed from design documentation, uncontrolled human factor in the process of checking volumes and quality of works performed by contractors, insufficient communication between project participants. Subsequently, these factors lead to budget overruns and non-compliance with the estimated project deadlines.
The experience of using UAVs in addressing such issues as the management’s lack of relevant information on state of affairs at construction site, late identification of actual deviations from the project documentation, uncontrolled influence of human factor in the process of checking the volume and quality of work performed by contractors, and insufficient communication between project participants.
Based on the practical experience gained in the use of drones, it was concluded that drones are an effective tool with a wide range of applications for monitoring zero-cycle work and erection of the above-ground part of buildings.
39
Velazquez, Luis, Nora E. Munguia, Markus Will, Andrea G. Zavala, Sara Patricia Verdugo, Bernd Delakowitz, and Biagio Giannetti. "Sustainable transportation strategies for decoupling road vehicle transport and carbon dioxide emissions." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 3 (April 13, 2015): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-07-2014-0120.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify research priorities to guide transportation stakeholders in their practice, education, and research. Design/methodology/approach – A literature review of published, conference proceedings, agency reports, books, and web site documents was conducted, aiming at the identification of the diverging strategies and practices undertaken by transportation stakeholders in order to be able to generate initial meaningful insights about a sustainable transportation system. Findings – Sustainable transportation systems are in certain way a new paradigm where a business-as-usual approach is not possible. Vehicle makers produce more energy efficient vehicles. Nevertheless, fossil fuel is still the predominant source of energy. Regarding the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, non-motorized transport modes are preferable over motorized transport modes, and public transportation modes preferable to private transportation modes. It is also import to include environmental consideration along the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of the transportation infrastructure. While vehicles powered by alternate fuel such as biofuel, electricity, and/or fuel cell are becoming more popular, shifting to more sustainable transport modes would also require changes on commuter behaviors and individual preferences. Practical implications – The paper discusses the efforts that are underway for decoupling transport and CO2 emissions, being useful for transportation stakeholders to implement or improve the effectiveness of their potential or current sustainability transport initiatives through the identification of strategies, opportunities, and barriers. Originality/value – Although there is plenty of good information about sustainability and transportation modes in literature, most of the articles analyzed focus on specific factors of the whole transportation system. The originality/value of this paper is found in the holistic perspective, here presented, of the state of the art issues that a sustainable transport system would encompass.
40
Gwiazda, Aleksander. "Construction Development Using Virtual Analysis on the Example of a Roof Support." Applied Mechanics and Materials 474 (January 2014): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.474.417.
Full textAbstract:
The CAD/FEM systems enable the analysis and development of any constructional solutions. They are particularly effective for the complex technical means. In this regard, investigations are conducted to develop methodological concept for the design using the virtual environment [1,2,3,4]. This paper presents the solution basing on the proposed structure of the complex technical mean consisting of three components: structural system, drive system and control system. The structural system includes the carrying and functional elements. The drive system refers to the elements responsible for activating the functions of technical means. However, the control system is responsible for the implementation of the selected sequence of actions. Basing on such formulated concept it was presented the project of the powered roof supports with the strait-line mechanism. The work describes the results of the virtual analysis of the elaborated roof support construction. They are considering with the analysis of its functioning and with the fulfilment of the requirements consider with the human factors.
41
Ashok, Bragadeshwaran, Chidambaram Kannan, Byron Mason, Sathiaseelan Denis Ashok, Vairavasundaram Indragandhi, Darsh Patel, Atharva Sanjay Wagh, Arnav Jain, and Chellapan Kavitha. "Towards Safer and Smarter Design for Lithium-Ion-Battery-Powered Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review on Control Strategy Architecture of Battery Management System." Energies 15, no. 12 (June 8, 2022): 4227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124227.
Full textAbstract:
As the battery provides the entire propulsion power in electric vehicles (EVs), the utmost importance should be ascribed to the battery management system (BMS) which controls all the activities associated with the battery. This review article seeks to provide readers with an overview of prominent BMS subsystems and their influence on vehicle performance, along with their architectures. Moreover, it collates many recent research activities and critically reviews various control strategies and execution topologies implied in different aspects of BMSs, including battery modeling, states estimation, cell-balancing, and thermal management. The internal architecture of a BMS, along with the architectures of the control modules, is examined to demonstrate the working of an entire BMS control module. Moreover, a critical review of different battery models, control approaches for state estimation, cell-balancing, and thermal management is presented in terms of their salient features and merits and demerits allowing readers to analyze and understand them. The review also throws light on modern technologies implied in BMS, such as IoT (Internet of Things) and cloud-based BMS, to address issues of battery safety. Towards the end of the review, some challenges associated with the design and development of efficient BMSs for E-mobility applications are discussed and the article concludes with recommendations to tackle these challenges.
42
Piromalis, Dimitrios, and Antreas Kantaros. "Digital Twins in the Automotive Industry: The Road toward Physical-Digital Convergence." Applied System Innovation 5, no. 4 (July 7, 2022): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi5040065.
Full textAbstract:
A newly introduced term in the field of simulating an artificial or physical system is that of the “Digital Twin” concept method. It employs a digital representation and modeling method, capable of expanding and improving the life cycle of complex items, systems, and processes. Nowadays, digital twin technology has become a key research field worldwide. In this context, it is applied and utilized in various fields. One such field is the automotive industry, a technological field that has great implications in users’ everyday life. Digital twin technology not only has great contributions from the initial stages of design until the final construction stages of vehicles, but also during its use, drawing useful information from its daily functions and making the driving experience more enjoyable, comfortable, and safe. It is worth noting that the vehicles that can greatly benefit from the use of digital twins are electric vehicles, which has tended to acquire greater shares in the last decade.
43
Rosado, Luís, Pedro Faria, João Gonçalves, Eduardo Silva, Ana Vasconcelos, Cristiana Braga, João Oliveira, et al. "EyesOnTraps: AI-Powered Mobile-Based Solution for Pest Monitoring in Viticulture." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 8, 2022): 9729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159729.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the increasingly alarming consequences of climate change, pests are becoming a growing threat to grape quality and viticulture yields. Estimating the quantity and type of treatments to control these diseases is particularly challenging due to the unpredictability of insects’ dynamics and intrinsic difficulties in performing pest monitoring. Conventional pest monitoring programs consist of deploying sticky traps on vineyards, which attract key insects and allow human operators to identify and count them manually. However, this is a time-consuming process that usually requires in-depth taxonomic knowledge. This scenario motivated the development of EyesOnTraps, a novel AI-powered mobile solution for pest monitoring in viticulture. The methodology behind the development of the proposed system merges multidisciplinary research efforts by specialists from different fields, including informatics, electronics, machine learning, computer vision, human-centered design, agronomy and viticulture. This research work resulted in a decision support tool that allows winegrowers and taxonomy specialists to: (i) ensure the adequacy and quality of mobile-acquired sticky trap images; (ii) provide automated detection and counting of key insects; (iii) register local temperature near traps; and (iv) improve and anticipate treatment recommendations for the detected pests. By merging mobile computing and AI, we believe that broader technology acceptance for pest management in viticulture can be achieved via solutions that work on regular sticky traps and avoid the need for proprietary instrumented traps.
44
Park, GeeBeum, HyunJae Park, HyunJoo Park, Nathan Chun, Sang-Hwan Kim, and Kyungwon Lee. "Public Perception of UAM: Are we ready for the new mobility that we have dreamed of?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661187.
Full textAbstract:
Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has lately emerged as a time-saving mode of air transportation in congested urban areas. However, several challenges to the commercialization and adoption of UAM vehicles exist, such as licensing and restrictions, security, and construction infrastructure. Besides these, public perception is one of the significant aspects of easing psychological stress and representing users’ needs. A survey study was carried out to understand the public perception of UAM and to comprehend how the public perceives and expects UAM aircraft in terms of user requirement analysis as part of human-centered design. To achieve this, a total of 2,847 valid data sets were analyzed. A preliminary data analysis revealed the general level of awareness of UAM machines, expected costs and values for specific scenarios, perceived advantages of UAM vehicles, and overall opinion, along with distinctions based on demographic information such as age groups, residential areas, and income levels. Future research topics might include in-depth data analysis and subsequent user surveys to discover underlying requirements.
45
Jukic, Daniel, and David G. Carmichael. "Emission and cost effects of training for construction equipment operators." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 5, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-11-2015-0040.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – It is postulated that operator-dependent factors have a substantial impact on the fuel consumption and emissions of heavy-duty construction vehicles, such that by adopting different operator practices, savings in fuel used and lower emissions and costs can be achieved. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to examine the emission and cost effects of a driver-training programme aimed at fuel efficiency and construction truck operators. Design/methodology/approach – A study was conducted on an urban excavation involving truck-and-trailer vehicles, serviced by an excavator, over an approximately 50 km trafficked urban circuit. Field observations, before and after training, and including those on a control truck operator, gave fuel usage, emissions data, speed, travel times, routing, production and operational costs. Findings – Compared to baseline values, trained drivers saw a reduction in their fuel consumption by an average of 8.5 per cent, reducing to 7.7 per cent after several weeks following training. Importantly, this occurred without increased travel time or lost production. Research limitations/implications – The number of drivers participating in the research was dictated by the nature of the project involved. A larger sample, and research involving a closer study of braking, acceleration and gearshift behaviour, would help confirm this paper’s results and provide further insight. Practical implications – The paper demonstrates quantitative benefits (reduced unit emissions and reduced unit costs) associated with construction equipment operator training. Originality/value – The research is original, being the first related to driver training of heavy-duty construction equipment and incorporating production measurements, the first involving a study of equipment operators unaware that they were being observed, and the first involving a control.
46
Neogi, Depankar, and Craig D. Douglas. "Design and Development of a Self Deployable Structural Element." International Journal of Space Structures 10, no. 2 (June 1995): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119501000201.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past two decades there has been considerable need for reliable lightweight structures for various space applications, ranging from communication antennae to that of building the first space station. The impetus for research in the field of deployable space structures has been due to the volume constraint imposed by current launch vehicles. This paper describes the design and development of an advanced composite self deployable structural element (SDSE). In its predeployed state, the SDSE is a collapsed structural element designed to achieve minimum volume configuration. This makes it beneficial for space applications as it can be folded and compactly stowed in a space transport vehicle. Ideally, this structure will deploy at the site without human intervention. The SDSE is flexible in its unheated state. It is formed of a core of thermally activated expanding foam or pressurizing agent, an internal bladder, a load carrying member of braided advanced composite material, and an outer retaining jacket. The core material, upon hearing with a resistance wire, internally pressurizes the structural element which leads to deployment. The same heat source also cures the advanced composite material.
47
Nikonov, Oleh, Oleh Nikonov, Diana Hlushkova, and Serhii Tymchenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE FOR INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION OF SYSTEMS AND UNITS OF TRANSPORT VEHICLES." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 1, no. 92 (February 26, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2021.92.1.45.
Full textAbstract:
Problem. Constant innovations in technology lead to the development of new methods and paradigms of human interaction with the digital world. An essential requirement that determines the usefulness of visual models for solving specific problems is, in addition to the automated construction of such models, the clarity of the obtained images and the convenience of manipulating their properties. Goal. The purpose of the article is to develop software for interactive visualization of systems and units of transport vehicles. Methodology. One of the promising areas of interactive visualization is the use of augmented reality. With the advent of mass mobile devices that have the necessary characteristics to run augmented reality applications, it has become possible to solve both the main shortcomings of the systems - the lack of mobility and mass distribution. Results. When developing a web application with augmented reality technology, the mathematical and algorithmic bases of augmented reality, tools for developing web applications, developed the structure and description of the web application, developed a database that stores information about models, markers and feedback and user questions. Originality. The peculiarity of this work is the focus on the mass introduction of augmented reality in the fields of learning and design. Mobile devices, tablets and computers, which should only have a camera and an Internet connection, can be used as platforms to apply the results of the study. Practical value. The developed techniques and web application can be used directly in the design of software products for use in the field of transport engineering, business processes, design, as well as in education and other fields.
48
Wang, Cheng, Liyang Wei, Kun Wang, Hongya Tang, Bo Yang, and Mengfan Li. "Investigating the Factors Affecting Rider’s Decision on Overtaking Behavior: A Naturalistic Riding Research in China." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 11495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811495.
Full textAbstract:
Overtaking behavior between non-motorized vehicles is one of the main characteristics of the cycling path, and unsafe overtaking behavior has a certain negative impact on riders’ safety. However, little is known about the factors affecting riders’ overtaking decisions. This study aimed to identify the influence of road facilities, types of non-motorized vehicles, and human factors on the characteristics of overtaking behavior on bicycle lanes. DJI drone-based naturalistic riding research was explored in China and a random parameter logit regression model was estimated to model the overtaking decisions of non-motorized vehicle riders. The results showed that gender, age, professional deliverer, type of lead non-motor vehicle, type of non-motorized vehicles, and width of cycling lane influence overtaking behavior significantly. The present study provides theoretical evidence to strengthen the safety design and evaluation of cycling lane infrastructure.
49
Kotikov, Jurij. "DISTRIBUTION OF THE NORMAL REACTIONS ON THE QUANTOMOBILE WHEELS." Architecture and Engineering 6, no. 4 (December 24, 2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/2500-0055-2021-6-4-72-79.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The progress of science has made it possible to create new quantum engines (QEs) powered by physical vacuum energy. A QE will generate a vector-based propulsive force, or thrust, applicable to the vehicle body directly, with no transmission required. Traditional cars will be upgraded with QEs and thus converted into quantomobiles. QE thrust application at the point of the vehicle body, hovering above the bearing surface, introduces changes in the traditional diagram of forces acting on the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the influence of thrust on the longitudinal stability of the quantomobile. Methods: In the course of the study, we upgraded the diagram of forces acting on the traditional vehicle, by introducing QE thrust (bearing in mind vehicle hovering above the bearing surface). We also developed a corresponding mathematical model for the distribution of the normal reactions on the wheels, taking into account QE placement. Results: Among the developed calculation complexes to perform a qualitative analysis of the influence of force factors on the quantomobile chassis load, a complex representing the longitudinal thrust and the thrust height was distinguished. Discussion: These complexes may serve as the basis of calculation units for more detailed programming, analysis, and synthesis of the design of vehicles with QEs, assessment of the longitudinal stability of the vehicle, optimization of QE placement in the quantomobile body. Example: The method developed is presented using a quantomobile similar to a KamAZ-4326 automobile. Conclusion: The considered diagram of forces acting on a quantomobile, including QE thrust above the bearing surface, shall become generic for force diagrams of quantomobiles with additional thrusters intended to increase the longitudinal stability of the vehicle.
50
Sendner, Franz-Michael. "An energy-autonomous UAV swarm concept to support sea-rescue and maritime patrol missions in the Mediterranean sea." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 94, no. 1 (October 18, 2021): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2020-0316.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose For the crews and assets of the European Union’s (EU’s) Joint Operations available today, but a vast area in the Mediterranean Sea to monitor, detection of small boats and rafts in distress can take up to several days or even fail at all. This study aims to outline how an energy-autonomous swarm of Unmanned Aerial System can help to increase the monitored sea area while minimizing human resource demand. Design/methodology/approach A concept for an unattended swarm of solar powered, unmanned hydroplanes is proposed. A swarm operations concept, vehicle conceptual design and an initial vehicle sizing method is derived. A microscopic, multi-agent-based simulation model is developed. System characteristics and surveillance performance is investigated in this delimited environment number of vehicles scale. Parameter variations in insolation, overcast and system design are used to predict system characteristics. The results are finally used for a scale-up study on a macroscopic level. Findings Miniaturization of subsystems is found to be essential for energy balance, whereas power consumption of subsystems is identified to define minimum vehicle size. Seasonal variations of solar insolation are observed to dominate the available energy budget. Thus, swarm density and activity adaption to solar energy supply is found to be a key element to maintain continuous aerial surveillance. Research limitations/implications This research was conducted extra-occupationally. Resources were limited to the available range of literature, computational power number and time budget. Practical implications A proposal for a probable concept of operations, as well as vehicle preliminary design for an unmanned energy-autonomous, multi-vehicle system for maritime surveillance tasks, are presented and discussed. Indications on path planning, communication link and vehicle interaction scheme selection are given. Vehicle design drivers are identified and optimization of parameters with significant impact on the swarm system is shown. Social implications The proposed system can help to accelerate the detection of ships in distress, increasing the effectiveness of life-saving rescue missions. Originality/value For continuous surveillance of expanded mission theatres by small-sized vehicles of limited endurance, a novel, collaborative swarming approach applying in situ resource utilization is explored.