Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human powered vehicles Design and construction

Academic literature on the topic 'Human powered vehicles Design and construction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Human powered vehicles Design and construction"

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Baldissera, Paolo, Cristiana Delprete, and Anatolii Zahar. "Design and Construction of a Moving Cassette Electronic Gear-Shift for Human Powered Vehicles." Machines 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines7030055.

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In this article, the design and implementation of an electronic bicycle gear-shift with moving cassette is presented. The niche context where the needs developed is explained and the project evolution over two versions is described. Technical aspects considered in the design phase are discussed and detailed explanations of hardware layout and control software logic are given. Performance of the two implemented versions are compared through data recorded during the target competition (pedaling cadence and torque), highlighting the higher reliability of the second design thanks to mechanical simplification and a more stable position feedback. An additional comparison with cadence data from other competitors in a speed-challenge competition is then presented to highlights the main benefit obtained: a reduced variance in cadence that enables the rider to pedal at his optimal rate since the early stage and through the whole run-up. Finally, the current development of the project under a Proof of Concept grant is presented by discussing its potential application on the standard bicycle market, the need for an assessment of its value proposition and the main obstacles to overcome for complying (or not) with the current market standards. The article offers an overview of practical aspects to be considered when designing high-speed human powered vehicle transmissions, including technical details of an innovative solution and critical considerations about the possibility of such a specific design to develop within the standard bicycle market.
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Chakraborty, Suprava, Devaraj Elangovan, Karthikeyan Palaniswamy, Ashley Fly, Dineshkumar Ravi, Denis Ashok Sathia Seelan, and Thundil Karuppa Raj Rajagopal. "A Review on the Numerical Studies on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) Flow Channel Designs for Automotive Applications." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 9520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249520.

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Climate change and the major threat it poses to the environment and human lives is the major challenge the world faces today. To overcome this challenge, it is recommended that future automobiles have zero carbon exhaust emissions. Even though battery electric vehicles reduce carbon emissions relative to combustion engines, a carbon footprint still remains in the overall ecosystem unless the battery is powered by renewable energy sources. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an alternate source for automotive mobility which, similar to battery electric vehicles, has zero carbon emissions from its exhaust pipe. Moreover, the typical system level efficiency of a PEMFC is higher than an equivalent internal combustion powertrain. This review article covers the background history, working principles, challenges and applications of PEMFCs for automotive transportation and power generation in industries. Since the performance of a PEMFC is greatly influenced by the design of the anode and cathode flow channels, an in-depth review has been carried out on different types of flow channel designs. This review reveals the importance of flow channel design with respect to uniform gas (reactant) distribution, membrane proton conductivity, water flooding and thermal management. An exhaustive study has been carried out on different types of flow channels, such as parallel, serpentine, interdigitated and bio-inspired, with respect to their performance and applications.
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Baldissera, Paolo, and Cristiana Delprete. "From PBL to innovation: a decennial case-study from an HPV student team." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 18, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-01-2019-0005.

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Purpose The implementation of project-based learning (PBL) activities in the curricula of engineering students has become a consolidated method to improve their skills. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience acquired by the authors from a decennial case-study on a student team PBL activity focused on design and development of human-powered vehicles (HPVs). A review of the project evolution, boundary constraints and management choices could provide inspiration and suggestions to faculty staff that would like to set-up similar experiences for engineering students in their universities. Design/methodology/approach A student team was funded by the authors in 2008 to gather engineering students interested in design and construction of HPVs. In the past decade, the team has grown from 10 up to 60 students enrolled per year and stimulated to develop a range of HPV designs for sports and mobility. The project management evolved as a consequence to com ply with the growing ambitions of the group and complexity of the goals. Findings A thorough analysis of factors contributing to the success of the project led to identification of the key factors to increase student participation: persistence of the faculty staff is essential, attending competitions and challenges increases students’ recruitment and formal recognition of the activity through credits and the implementation of intermediate assessment steps increase the active participation rate. Bigger teams reduce the negative impact of recruits eventually abandoning the project in an early stage. Ambitious goals keep students motivated for longer periods and enable a virtuous circle by transferring enthusiasm and knowledge to new members. Research limitations/implications The activity is analyzed starting from a subjective experience perspective and some of the findings/conclusions may be not applicable in a different context. However, such review can suggest strategies on the long-term period to create similar conditions elsewhere. Social implications In the last part of the paper, it is pointed out how PBL projects can provide a fertile ground for innovation and lead to patents and development of new products aiming at the market. Originality/value This study contributes to provide an insight view of how a student team PBL activity can grow over a decade if guided by faculty staff.
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Soparat, Preecha, Ornkamon Wangapisit, and Surangkana Trangkanont. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PLANS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT, VEHICLES, AND TOOLS UNDER THE TRANSPORTATION POLICY TRANSFORMATIONS IN THAILAND." ASEAN Engineering Journal 11, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v11.17868.

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This article aims to propose the equipment, vehicle, and tool (EVT) management plans appropriate to the department of rural roads (DRR) in the current situation. This situation is influenced by the government policies that constrain human resources, with budget limitations and new forms of funding procedures. These factors along with technology advancement have challenged the DRR to establish an EVT management plan. To create the plan, the effective inquiry as part of design thinking is used to assess influences through the focus group and content analysis method. The results indicate that the DRR project development role is changed. This change results in four strategic management plans in the EVT. These strategic plans are concerning the EVT management system, EVT procurement and accessibility, unburden and support DRR staff, and finally EVT maintenance and disposal. Besides, the process of EVT strategic management plan development is described and more concerned with the engagement of the policymakers. Therefore, this report facilitates the other public agencies, particularly in the developing countries, in their plan development, based on multifactor real-world settings.
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Venkatesan, Murugan, Narayanamoorthi Rajamanickam, Pradeep Vishnuram, Mohit Bajaj, Vojtech Blazek, Lukas Prokop, and Stanislav Misak. "A Review of Compensation Topologies and Control Techniques of Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicle Applications." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 21, 2022): 7816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207816.

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Owing to the constantly rising energy demand, Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)-equipped vehicles are being replaced by Electric Vehicles (EVs). The other advantage of using EVs is that the batteries can be utilised as an energy storage device to increase the penetration of renewable energy sources. Integrating EVs with the grid is one of the recent advancements in EVs using Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology. A bidirectional technique enables power transfer between the grid and the EV batteries. Moreover, the Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer (BWPT) method can support consumers in automating the power transfer process without human intervention. However, an effective BWPT requires a proper vehicle and grid coordination with reasonable control and compensation networks. Various compensation techniques have been proposed in the literature, both on the transmitter and receiver sides. Selecting suitable compensation techniques is a critical task affecting the various design parameters. In this study, the basic compensation topologies of the Series–Series (SS), Series–Parallel (SP), Parallel–Parallel (PP), Parallel–Series (SP), and hybrid compensation topology design requirements are investigated. In addition, the typical control techniques for bidirectional converters, such as Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID), sliding mode, fuzzy logic control, model predictive, and digital control, are discussed. In addition, different switching modulation schemes, including Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) control, PWM + Phase Shift control, Single-Phase Shift, Dual-Phase Shift, and Triple-Phase Shift methods, are discussed. The characteristics and control strategies of each are presented, concerning the typical applications. Based on the review analysis, the low-power (Level 1/Level 2) charging applications demand a simple SS compensation topology with a PID controller and a Single-Phase Shift switching method. However, for the medium- or high-power applications (Level 3/Level 4), the dual-side LCC compensation with an advanced controller and a Dual-Side Phase-Shift switching pattern is recommended.
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Bhavnani, S. H. "Design and Construction of a Solar-Electric Vehicle." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 116, no. 1 (February 1, 1994): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930061.

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Recent concerns relating to global warming caused by greenhouse gases, coupled with a growing awareness of the limited available resources of fossil fuels, have spurred an interest in alternative energy powered vehicles. This paper describes the analysis, development, and testing of an aerodynamic vehicle powered by photovoltaic cells. The primary components of the vehicle are the composite material body, the aluminum space frame, the wheel hubs and front suspension assembly, the drive train, and the electrical system. The frame was designed using finite element analysis with the components of the frame modeled as beam elements. The body, designed to have a very high strength-to-weight ratio, was of graphite/Kevlar/Nomex sandwich construction. Testing was carried out using the three-point bend test to determine the optimal sandwich cross-sectional configuration. The design of the front suspension, the wheel hubs, and the power transmission are also discussed. The electrical system, based on a monocrystalline photovoltaic cell assembly, and silver-zinc storage cells, is also described. Finally, results of the optimization routine developed are also described.
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Kyle, Chester R., and Vincent j. Caiozzo. "Experiments in Human Ergometry as Applied to the Design of Human Powered Vehicles." International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2, no. 1 (February 1986): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.2.1.6.

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A comparison of six methods of measuring maximal human power output is given. The methods are as follows: the standard bicycle ergometer and modified bicycle ergometer (revised so that a standard racing bicycle and a higher applied torque could be used); a bicycle ridden on a treadmill; an unbraked flywheel bicycle ergometer; power using bicycle wind and rolling resistance measurements; running up stairs with weights; and running up a ramp with weights. Power output was. measured for time periods varying from less than 1 sec to 20 min. Power from the different methods agreed quite well. Example data are given for leg exercise, arm and leg exercise, and cycling in the prone, supine, and standard cycling positions.
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Liu, Nien-Te, Chang-Tzuoh Wu, and Yung-Chun Lin. "APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS TO THE CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF INNOVATIVE HUMAN-POWERED VEHICLES." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 41, no. 3 (September 2017): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2017-1034.

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The purpose of this paper is to propose a simple and quick process for creating new design concepts for human-powered vehicles. First, the design theme for an innovative bicycle is described. Next, the functional elements of the bicycle are selected according to the contents described in the design theme. Based on the design requirements, various spatial arrangements of the creative functional elements are produced. In the final step, we followed the flowchart of the creative functional elements constructed by this research and demonstrated a case study design.
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Wang, Dianjun, Xiaofan Yang, Ya Chen, zilong wang, Zhongkang Song, Zhikun Zhu, and Peng Wang. "Design of robotic hydrogen-filling system for hydrogen-powered vehicles." Cobot 1 (October 11, 2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/cobot.17597.1.

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Background: The application of hydrogen-powered vehicles is increasingly widespread, however, the hydrogen-filling process can be dangerous, to ensure both safety and efficiency. A new robotic hydrogen-filling system whose consisting of a hybrid robot combined with an automatic guided vehicle and robotic arm is designed. Methods: An analysis of functional composition of the system was performed, and the hardware scheme was designed. A dual-differential drive AGV and an end effector including a holding jaw and a sucker were designed. According to the system workflow, the control system is divided into four modules. A path planning simulation considering obstacle avoidance is carried out based on improved artificial potential field method and a trajectory planning of the operating arm is completed using source code written in MATLAB. Results: The simulation results show that the automatic guided vehicle can avoid obstacles and move to the specified position. The planed trajectory for robotic arm has certain smoothness, which can be proved that the operating arm can complete the process of grasping the hydrogenation gun. Conclusions: The robotic hydrogen-filling system can replace human beings in most of the work of the hydrogen-filling process, which provides a theoretical basis for automatic hydrogen refueling station.
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Child, Malcolm S., and L. Alberto Cangahuala. "Sea Beaver: Design, Construction, and Performance of a Human-Powered Submersible." Marine Technology and SNAME News 31, no. 03 (July 1, 1994): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1994.31.3.231.

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This paper reports on the history of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's entry in the 2nd International Human-Powered Submarine Race. The design of this entry was an evolution of the MIT design (named Icarus) from the first competition, held in 1989. Anticipating an increase in competitive entries, the new MIT entry (hereafter referred to as Sea Beaver) was designed to be more reliable and faster than Icarus. Sea Beaver was designed with a maximum diameter four inches smaller than Icarus. This change in cross section forced a change from a rotary to linear pedaling mechanism. The linear pedal motion was transferred to the drive shaft through an innovative arrangement of pulleys and one-way hub bearings. This arrangement allowed the pedals to remain independent from one another, opening up the possibility to experiment with different pedaling cadences. The propeller was designed for efficiency and to minimize the possibility of entanglement with lines along the course. The steering system was arranged to take up the least volume inside the hull as possible. In addition to taking advantage of experience gained in the design of Icarus, the MIT team also made significant advances in construction techniques. The hull, propellers, and nose cones were all fabricated from molds built by team members. Compared with the Icarus construction history, Sea Beaver was completed in less time, at less cost, with more spare parts available during the competition. For the design and construction of the propulsion system, the Sea Beaver team received the 1991 Medal of Engineering Excellence from Popular Science Magazine.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human powered vehicles Design and construction"

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Lichter, Harry (Harry J. ). "Design and construction of a human powered vehicle seating simulator for diagnostic testing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/36734.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 24).
A seating simulator was built to test the influence of various seating positions on human cycling power output. The simulator measures a rider's physical stress required to produce a certain power output. A heart rate monitor is used to find the rider's physical stress level. The theory is that the best shaped seat will allow the rider to pedal most efficiently. The seat of the simulator can easily be changed by connecting the seat's support strings to a square grid of holes. Mechanical power flows from the simulator's bike pedals through a chain drive to an electric motor. Electrical power flows from the electric motor through a rectifier to a variable bank of resistors. There were issues which came up involving the bike parts used and the dynamics of the chain drive system. The worst problem was that the supports would flex causing the chain to slacken and resonate under the changing forces of the pedaling motion. First a steel pipe was added to make the system more rigid. Then a sliding copper derailleur was used to allow the chain to stay on up to 213 watts. Finally the copper derailleur was replaced with a bike's derailleur which allows the simulator to operate in excess of 450 watts. Initial tests of several different seat configurations were completed with notable influence on the heart rate of the rider.
by Harry Lichter.
S.B.
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Bruce, Scott Alan. "Human-powered helicopter : a program for design and construction." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28266.

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Gradwell, Gregory Hamilton. "Designing the Human-Powered Helicopter: A New Perspective." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/551.

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The concept of human-powered vertical flight was studied in great depth. Through the manipulation of preexisting theory and analytical methods, a collection of design tools was created to expediently conceptualize and then analyze virtually any rotor. The tools were then arranged as part of a complete helicopter rotor design process. The lessons learned as a result of studying this process—and the tools of which it consists—are presented in the following discussion. It is the belief of the author that by utilizing these tools, as well as the suggestions that accompany them, future engineers may someday build a human-powered helicopter capable of winning the Sikorsky Prize.
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Rose, Garrett. "Electrical subsystem for Shell eco-marathon urban concept battery powered vehicle." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2814.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
The purpose of this paper was to design and develop an electrical power train for an Urban Concept electric vehicle geared to complete the Shell Eco-Marathon Africa in 2019. Various technologies which make up the electrical drive train of an electrical vehicle were also reviewed which include the battery pack, the battery management system, the motors, the motor management system and the human interface. Upon completion of this, the various topologies best suited for this project were selected, designed, constructed and developed. Two motors were re-designed and constructed for this vehicle and the motor drive was also constructed to control these motors. A Lithium-Ion battery pack was constructed and developed to drive the motors and an off-the-shelf battery management system was purchased and developed to suit the requirements for the Shell Eco- Marathon competition rules. A human interface was also developed in order for the driver to see various parameters of the electric vehicle defined by the Shell Eco-Marathon competition rules. After each component of the drive train was constructed, they underwent various testing procedures to determine the efficiency of each individual component and the overall efficiency for the complete drive train of this electric vehicle was ascertained. The Product Lifecycle Management Competency Centre group developed the chassis for this vehicle. For this reason, only the electric subsystems were evaluated and a simulation was completed of the complete drive train. After the complete drive train was constructed and all the individual subsystems evaluated and simulated, a vehicle with an overall efficiency of about sixty percent was expected and the completed drive train should be adequate enough to complete the entire Shell Eco-Marathon Africa circuit.
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陳信霖. "Design and construction of human-powered hydrofoil." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14966631334309052863.

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Wang, Yao-shien, and 王耀賢. "The Design And Construction of Human-Powered Hydrofoil." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83419193086988024094.

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碩士
大同大學
機械工程學系(所)
92
The main purpose of this project was to design and construct a human-powered hydrofoil, which can take off at low speed and with human power only. The contents of the essay introduce what hydrofoil is at the beginning, and described to process to make a hydrofoil. Then I discussed the method to design a proper propeller and the factor to take off. Besides, I hoped it can be used for recreation at leisure time and set a trend to Pitan, Keelung river, and Tanshui and so on.
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Solomon, Cleshain Theodore. "Driver attention and behaviour monitoring with the Microsoft Kinect sensor." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21798.

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Modern vehicles are designed to protect occupants in the event of a crash with some vehicles better at this than others. However, passenger protection during an accident has shown to be not enough in many high impact crashes. Statistics have shown that the human error is the number one contributor to road accidents. This research study explores how driver error can be reduced through technology which observes driver behaviour and reacts when certain unwanted patterns in behaviour have been detected. Finally a system that detects driver fatigue and driver distraction has been developed using non-invasive machine vision concepts to monitor observable driver behaviour.
Electrical Engineering
M. Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
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Books on the topic "Human powered vehicles Design and construction"

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Dean, Tamara. The Human-Powered Home. New York: New Society Publishers, 2009.

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Bruce, Scott Alan. Human-powered helicopter: A program for design and construction. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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P, Pauwelussen J., ed. Vehicle performance: Understanding human monitoring and assessment. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1999.

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SAE Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering (2001 Arlington, Va.). SAE Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering: Conference proceedings on CD-ROM : DHMC 2001 : [Arlington, Virginia, USA, June 26-28, 2001]. [Warrendale, Pa.]: SAE International, 2001.

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Bosoni, Giampiero. Il viaggio abitato. Milano: Mondadori, 1997.

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K, Golovanov I͡A. Arkhitektura nevesomosti: Priglashenie k razmyshlenii͡u︡. 2nd ed. Moskva: "Mashinostroenie", 1985.

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Human spaceflight: The space shuttle and beyond : hearing before the Subcommittee on Science and Space of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, May 18, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2006.

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Maurer, Markus. Automotive Systems Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Architecture for Astronauts: An Activity-based Approach. Vienna: Springer-Verlag GmbH Wien, 2011.

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Advances in human aspects of road and rail transportation. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human powered vehicles Design and construction"

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"Overview of Human-Powered Vehicles." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 13–24. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch2.

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"Drive Train Design." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 233–52. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch12.

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"The Human-Machine Interface." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 61–76. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch5.

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"General Structured Design of HPV’s." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 25–40. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch3.

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"Physiology of Human Power Generation." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 41–60. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch4.

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"Back Matter." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 307–12. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_bm.

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"Rationale for Human-Powered Vehicle Design and Use." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 1–12. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch1.

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"Bicycle Handling Performance." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 167–94. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch10.

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"Multi-Track Vehicle Handling Performance." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 195–232. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch11.

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"Land Vehicle Frames and Structures." In Design of Human Powered Vehicles, 253–80. ASME Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.861103_ch13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Human powered vehicles Design and construction"

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Hight, Tim, Jorge Gonzalez, and Ismael Sa´nchez. "International Community Based Senior Design Projects: Santa Clara University and Universidad Centro Americana." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81116.

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As part of an initiative to promote community based engineering education, Santa Clara University engineering students undertook two ambitious senior design projects during the 2004-2005 school year that have direct impact on communities in El Salvador. The two projects were coordinated through our sister school, Universidad Centro Americana, in San Salvador, and also involved other local and international partners. The first project consisted of the design, purchase, and installation of a 3 kW solar powered water pumping system for Isla Zacatillo off the southwest coast of El Salvador. The new system replaces a standard electrical system that was dependent on an expensive undersea power connection to the mainland. The new system promises higher reliability and independence while also promoting sustainable energy and water solutions. The second project involved the design and construction of a prototype Human Powered Utility Vehicle (HPUV) for use in rural transportation of goods and people. The team faced a number of challenges in order to improve upon existing designs. The primary goals were to create a design that was robust, reliable, highly functional, and inexpensive. The paper will discuss the planning and logistics involved in accomplishing these international senior design projects, the challenging communication issues, the benefits to students and faculty beyond those of a conventional engineering design project, the impacts on the local society, and the final results of the projects.
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Layton, Bradley, Lauren Jablonowski, Ryan Kirby, and Nicholas Lampe. "Bicycle Infrastructure Development Strategy for Suburban Commuting." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42233.

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We present a “Bicycle Highway” transportation alternative to automobile commuting by exploring avenues for reducing perceived impediments to bicycle commuting. The three primary goals of the project are: 1) Address the American diabetes and obesity epidemics by making exercising on a daily basis a more desirable and viable alternative. 2) Address the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants by partially replacing combustion engines with human-powered transportation. 3) Address the problem of the United States’ dependence on foreign oil by diminishing energy demand for short-range transportation. The primary variables we will consider are N, the number of people being transported, d, the distance being traveled, C, the energy cost required to travel the distance, and t, the time required to travel the distance. The Bicycle Highway was found to have a poorer throughput rating when only construction costs were considered, but a better throughput rating when vehicle and fuel costs are introduced. The Bicycle Highway offers a timely and economical solution to the numerous side-effects of the century-long success of the gasoline-powered automobile. A transportation corridor that is designated solely for bicyclists, human-electric hybrid and zero-emission vehicles, would allow for a greater volume of commuter traffic with minimal energetic and entropic impact. This proposed roadway promises to make bicycle travel much safer and will alleviate frustration felt by motorists sharing the road with bicycles. We expect cost-effectiveness of our design to be enhanced further if reductions in obesity, asthma, and lung-disease related costs are considered in future case studies.
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Chen, I.-Ming, Chiao-Ting Li, and Huei Peng. "Power Split Hybrid Configurations for Human-Powered Vehicles." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6062.

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This paper presents systematic analysis and design of power split hybrid configurations using a single planetary gearset and two electric machines for human-powered vehicles. In our design methodology, the cyclist is treated as an integrated part of the powertrain, and the cyclist’s power output is augmented by the battery power, instead of being completely replaced. To obtain the optimal design, all the 12 possible power split hybrid configurations are investigated, and several performance indices, including the cyclist’s oxygen consumption, stamina reduction, and pedaling speed preference, are considered in the optimization problem to evaluate the bicycle design. The dynamic programming technique is used to solve the optimization problem. The optimal design, HyBike-i2, has the pedal connected to the carrier gear and one electric machine to the ring gear on the planetary gearset. The other electric machine and the driven wheel are connected to the sun gear. This design outperforms the normal bicycle (no power assist) and two traditional electric bicycles, and achieves substantial reduction in both the cyclist’s stamina discharge and oxygen consumption when the vehicle operates in the charge-sustaining mode.
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Diaz Lankenau, Guillermo F., Lea Daigle, Samuel H. Ihns, Eric Koch, Jana Saadi, Patrick Tornes, Jessica M. Wu, and Amos G. Winter. "Design of a Human-Powered Roll Stabilization Attachment for Utilitarian Two-Wheeled Vehicles." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98469.

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Abstract This paper describes the motivation and development of a human-powered roll stabilization attachment for utilitarian two-wheeled vehicles. The proposed design has been built and tested by the authors in both on- and off-road conditions. It provides balance by providing a rolling platform underneath the two-wheeled vehicle (motorcycle) for the user to push against with their feet. This platform is placed under the driver’s sitting position and is towed from a three degree-of-freedom joint behind the front axle (i.e. one of the implementations uses a ball hitch joint). Fifty eight percent of the world’s motorcycles are in Asia Pacific, and Southern and Eastern Asia. In most of those countries, motorcycles greatly outnumber cars and many of these motorcycles function as utility vehicles. The uses of motorcycles include transportation of goods on the bike frame, transportation of goods on a trailer, and even pulling agricultural implements in farms. If no modifications are made to the motorcycle, at slow speeds operators of motorcycles must drag their feet on the ground and lightly push upwards as needed to retain balance. Attaching conventional outrigger wheels, similar to a motorcycle side-car, can negate some of the advantages of motorcycles that users value by: (A) preventing leaning into turns when rigid outriggers arms are used, (B) significantly increasing complexity and mass when outrigger arms mounted on suspension systems are used, and (C) increasing the vehicle’s width such that it can no longer travel between car lanes or between rows of growing crop. An additional design consideration for balancing motorcycles is the user’s need for quick conversion between a statically balanced vehicle and a vehicle can lean dynamically in turns, for example for someone who wishes to operate a motorcycle on farms but also travel quickly between agricultural fields. This conversion convenience is affected not only by the ease of attaching and detaching the balancing system but also by the ability to comfortably carry on the balancing system on the motorcycle even when it is not being used, such that it can be deployed when it is needed. This paper describes a design for a human-powered roll stabilization attachment that address these concerns and other identified user needs. It also provides with general equations to design similar human-powered roll stabilization systems for motorcycles.
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Baldissera, Paolo, and Cristiana Delprete. "Human Powered Vehicle Design: A Challenge for Engineering Education." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20549.

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Student Team Challenges on specific topics are growing in popularity as efficient ways to stimulate students’ independent work, technical and management learning as well as socialization and internationalization. Many competitions are focused on ground vehicles (SAE Formula, Motostudent, Shell Eco Marathon, Solar Challenge), with different focuses on performance, fuel consumption or other depending on the aim of the event. An interesting approach is proposed in the United States by the ASME HPV Challenge, which is focused on Human Powered Vehicles. This class of vehicles allows not only to set-up a classical competition in terms of design, innovation, presentation, manufacturing and racing, but also to grow the student awareness about speed-energy relation. An HPV gives to the rider a direct feedback on a “human-scale” about energy quantities involved in personal mobility. The main returns by the use of this specific topic for a student challenge are: better understanding of the sustainable mobility problem, awareness about the potential and the limits of human muscular power, development of technical skills about design and engineering of lightweight and efficient vehicles, stimulation of the HPVs market development (the students are both potential future designers/manufacturers and/or customers), promotion of healthy and engaging physical activities. In this context, while Europe is rich of HPVs amateurs and manufacturers and is the usual location of the WHPVA World Championship, there is a lack of an educational framework involving students and teachers. Starting from the end of ZEV-HPV Erasmus Intensive Program 2011–2013, the proposal of creating a specific HPV challenge for the European students was developed by the authors. In particular, it was evaluated that by integrating the Student Challenge in the WHPVA World Championship as a special “Educational” category, many reciprocal advantages could be obtained: logistic and organizational support from the WHPVA and its national representatives, in particular for racing and timing, reciprocal technical and cultural exchange between students, academics and the hundred of amateur rider/designer/builder that were attending the event in the last decade, growth and renewal of the European HPVs community by aggregating young people around the subject and by stimulating the research of innovative solutions. After an in-depth analysis of the arguments reported above, an overview of the rules for the 1st edition of EU HPV Student Challenge will be presented and compared to analogous international competitions from an educational perspective.
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Verhasselt, Eric, Cornelius Macfarland, Imoleayo Abel, Raundi Quevedo, and Nelson Macken. "Design, Construction, and Testing of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered Vehicle." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6488.

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We have designed, built and tested a hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle. The vehicle was constructed to specifications set forth for an international competition, which challenges high schools and universities to build and test energy efficient vehicles. We use a commercially available polymer exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system with a maximum output of 1.2 kW (1.6HP). The three-wheeled vehicle has a welded frame design utilizing aluminum square tubular components, an Ackermann steering system and an aerodynamically efficient hand-molded fiberglass body. A hub motor/controller powers the single rear wheel. Vehicle performance was determined in the laboratory. Performance curves for fuel consumption, torque and efficiency are presented. The vehicle successfully competed in the hydrogen fuel cell division of the competition.
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Raade, Justin W., Timothy G. McGee, and H. Kazerooni. "Design, Construction, and Experimental Evaluation of a Monopropellant Powered Free Piston Hydraulic Pump." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-42606.

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A monopropellant powered free piston hydraulic pump (FPHP) was designed as a human scale (1.0 to 3.0 kW) mobile robotics power supply. The FPHP utilized high concentration hydrogen peroxide, which decomposes into hot gas when exposed to a catalyst, as the monopropellant energy source. Energy was extracted from the hydrogen peroxide and transferred directly to hydraulic fluid by expanding the hot decomposition gas in an integrated piston/cylinder arrangement. The prototype FPHP successfully produced 50 W of hydraulic power by pumping hydraulic fluid at an average pressure of 6.5 MPa (940 psi) and flow rate of 0.48 liters/min (0.13 gallons/min).
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Mastinu, Giampiero, Massimiliano Gobbi, and Mario Pennati. "A Dummy for Reproducing the Human Whole Body Vibration." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35250.

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The paper presents an innovative dummy conceived to provide an effective tool for an objective vehicle ride comfort evaluation. The first part of the research includes experimental tests on instrumented seats for evaluating the vertical (cushion) and longitudinal (backrest) acceleration between the vehicle seat and the seated human subject. Experiments have been performed by using a vibrating table fitted with a vehicle seat and by seating directly the subjects on vehicles (cars and light trucks) while running on a test track. The test track includes uneven road and different obstacles. Human subjects have been chosen in order to obtain a high variability in the anthropometric features (height, weight, gender, age). Several test have been also performed with the same subject submitted to the same excitation in order to investigate the inter-subject variability and the intra-subject variability. During the study different seats have been compared. From the acquired data, a mathematical model of the system, human subject + seat has been derived and numerically validated by minimizing the error between the measured and the computed accelerations. The corresponding mechanical device has been built, the MaRiCO dummy. The device is fully adjustable in order to simulate the vibrational behaviour of different human subjects. Particular attention has been devoted to the construction of the springs and of the magnetic damper to reduce as much as possible the friction between the moving components. The dummy rests on the seat by means of special elements that, thanks to their compliance and conformation, act as the tight and the back of human beings. An experimental validation of the dummy has been performed. The device, opportunely tuned and seated with the same posture of the corresponding human subject is able to reproduce the acceleration between the subject and both the cushion and the backrest.
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Leonard, Jeremie, Samer Aldhaher, Al Savvaris, and Antonios Tsourdos. "Automated Recharging Station for Swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88246.

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Automated maintenance has become a necessity for UAV systems to allow human operators to concentrate on higher-level tasks. By reducing the need for a human interaction, such systems could be set to function in remote environments for an extended period of time and take care of a higher number of vehicles. This paper describes the work carried out to design, test and construct an autonomous charging station for battery-powered quadrotors. In the effort to fit swarm behaviors, the focus has been to shorten the charging phase of a single quadrotor platform. By designing safer electrical contacts and adding a cell balancer to the system, the station can supply considerably more current to charge the vehicle’s battery. Once the vehicle has landed, voltage and current probes transmit the current state-of-charge to a controller for optimum charging cycle. To support even more applications, the system was equipped with the capability of wireless power transfer. Energy is transferred from a power transmitter in the docking station to a power receiver on-board the vehicle based on resonant inductive coupling. Minimizing the internal losses of the DC/AC inverter and AC/DC rectifier in the transmitter and receiver will allow for higher power levels to be transmitted and will maximize the efficiency. With the continuous monitoring of the process and the advanced charging technologies allowing for a balanced high-current charge, the Flying/Charging ratio of the vehicle could reach 1.
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Galmarini, G., M. Gobbi, and G. Mastinu. "A Quadricycle for Urban Mobility." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70906.

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The need to decrease pollution in urban zones has pushed toward severe regulations in term of low-emission limits. The effect of this “environmental awareness” is an increased interest in electric vehicles (EV). The construction of a EV is presented in the paper. This vehicle has been designed specifically to be powered by electric motors, the suspension system and the general layout have been developed accordingly. According to the European technical regulations, the vehicle has been designed for a city use. The main features of GreenFun, (this is the name of the prototype), are an extensive use of composite and lightweight materials, a special suspension system layout, a 4WD powertrain realized by means of 4 electric motor hubs and the use, for the first time in a production vehicle, of 4 measuring wheels that are able to measure the forces acting between the pneumatic tires and the road. These information are used as input for the vehicle control systems in order to enhance performance and safety. In the paper, the most relevant vehicle subsystems are described in detail (chassis, wheel, suspensions, powertrain, energy management, control system, …).
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