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Journal articles on the topic 'Human papillomavirus infection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 May 2022

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1

Sharipova, I. P., and E. I. Musabaev. "HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND CERVICAL CANCER (OWERWIEW)." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-4-4.

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Viral infections are responsible for 15–20% of all human cancers. Infection with oncogenic viruses can contribute to various stages of carcinogenesis. Despite effective screening methods, cervical cancer continues to be a major public health problem. There are large differences in morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer by geographic region. The age-specific prevalence of HPV varies widely in different populations and has shown two peaks of HPV positiveness in young and older women. Around the world, there have been many studies on the epidemiology of HPV infection and oncogenic properties due to different HPV genotypes. However, there are still many countries where population prevalence has not yet been determined. Moreover, screening strategies for cervical cancer differ from country to country. Organized cervical screening programs are potentially more effectivethan opportunistic screening programs.Key words:Human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, screening, dysplasia

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2

HIROMURA, Katsuhiko, Masaharu GUNJI, Masahiko FUJINO, and Masafumi ITO. "Human papillomavirus infection in healthy women in Japan." Journal of the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology 53, no. 5 (2014): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5795/jjscc.53.366.

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3

Peh, Woei Ling, Kate Middleton, Neil Christensen, Philip Nicholls, Kiyofumi Egawa, Karl Sotlar, Janet Brandsma, et al. "Life Cycle Heterogeneity in Animal Models of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Disease." Journal of Virology 76, no. 20 (October 15, 2002): 10401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.20.10401-10416.2002.

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ABSTRACT Animal papillomaviruses are widely used as models to study papillomavirus infection in humans despite differences in genome organization and tissue tropism. Here, we have investigated the extent to which animal models of papillomavirus infection resemble human disease by comparing the life cycles of 10 different papillomavirus types. Three phases in the life cycles of all viruses were apparent using antibodies that distinguish between early events, the onset of viral genome amplification, and the expression of capsid proteins. The initiation of these phases follows a highly ordered pattern that appears important for the production of virus particles. The viruses examined included canine oral papillomavirus, rabbit oral papillomavirus (ROPV), cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV), bovine papillomavirus type 1, and human papillomavirus types 1, 2, 11, and 16. Each papillomavirus type showed a distinctive gene expression pattern that could be explained in part by differences in tissue tropism, transmission route, and persistence. As the timing of life cycle events affects the accessibility of viral antigens to the immune system, the ideal model system should resemble human mucosal infection if vaccine design is to be effective. Of the model systems examined here, only ROPV had a tissue tropism and a life cycle organization that resembled those of the human mucosal types. ROPV appears most appropriate for studies of the life cycles of mucosal papillomavirus types and for the development of prophylactic vaccines. The persistence of abortive infections caused by CRPV offers advantages for the development of therapeutic vaccines.

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4

Park, Jong Sup. "Human Papillomavirus Infection." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 45, no. 4 (2002): 430. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2002.45.4.430.

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5

Beutner, Karl R. "Human papillomavirus infection." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 20, no. 1 (January 1989): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(89)80004-0.

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6

Adimora, Adaora A., and E. Byrd Quinlivan. "Human papillomavirus infection." Postgraduate Medicine 98, no. 3 (September 1995): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00325481.1995.11946045.

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7

Oriel, J. D. "Human papillomavirus infection." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 2, no. 1 (February 1989): 2–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-198902010-00002.

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8

Oriel, J. D. "Human papillomavirus infection." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 3, no. 1 (February 1990): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199002000-00005.

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9

Reed, B. D. "Human papillomavirus infection." Archives of Family Medicine 3, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 855–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archfami.3.10.855.

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10

Torpy, Janet M., Alison E. Burke, and Richard M. Glass. "Human Papillomavirus Infection." JAMA 297, no. 8 (February 28, 2007): 912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.8.912.

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11

Siddiqi, Hasan K., and Paul M. Ridker. "Human Papillomavirus Infection." Circulation Research 124, no. 5 (March 2019): 677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circresaha.119.314719.

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12

Hines, J. F., S. J. Ghim, and A. B. Jenson. "Human papillomavirus infection." BMJ 312, no. 7030 (March 2, 1996): 522–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.312.7030.522.

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13

Huh, Warner K. "Human Papillomavirus Infection." Obstetrics & Gynecology 114, no. 1 (July 2009): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aog.0b013e3181ab6878.

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14

Cobb, Mark W. "Human papillomavirus infection." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 22, no. 4 (April 1990): 547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0190-9622(90)70073-q.

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15

Hutter, Jack N., and Catherine F. Decker. "Human papillomavirus infection." Disease-a-Month 62, no. 8 (August 2016): 294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.014.

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16

Dunne, Eileen F., and Lauri E. Markowitz. "Emerging Infections: Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection." Clinical Infectious Diseases 43, no. 5 (September 2006): 624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/505982.

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17

Awua, Adolf K., Alberto Severini, Edwin K. Wiredu, Edwin A. Afari, Vanessa A. Zubach, and Richard M. K. Adanu. "Self-Collected Specimens Revealed a Higher Vaccine- and Non-Vaccine-Type Human Papillomavirus Prevalences in a Cross-Sectional Study in Akuse." Advances in Preventive Medicine 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8343169.

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Background. Population-specific epidemiologic data on human Papillomavirus infection, which are limited in most of the SubSaharan African countries, are necessary for effective cervical cancer prevention. This study aimed to generate population-specific data on human Papillomavirus infections, and determine which of these, self-collected and provider-collected specimens, gives a higher estimate of the prevalence of human Papillomaviruses, including vaccine and non-vaccine-type human Papillomavirus. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, following a questionnaire-based collection of epidemiological data, self-, and provider-collected specimens, obtained from women 15−65 years of age, were analysed for human Papillomavirus types by a nested-multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and for cervical lesions by Pap testing. HPV data were categorised according to risk type and vaccine types for further analysis. Results. The difference between the overall human Papillomavirus infection prevalences obtained with the self-collected specimens, 43.1% (95% CI of 38.0–51.0%) and that with the provider-collected samples, 23.3% (95% CI of 19.0–31.0%) were significant (p≤0.001). The prevalence of quadrivalent vaccine-type human Papillomaviruses was 12.3% with self-collected specimens, but 6.0% with provider-collected specimens. For the nonavalent vaccine-types, the prevalences were 26.6% and 16.7% respectively. There were multiple infections involving both vaccine-preventable and nonvaccine preventable high-risk human Papillomavirus genotypes. Conclusion. The Akuse subdistrict can, therefore, be said to have a high burden of human Papillomavirus infections, which included nonvaccine types, as detected with both self-collected and provider-collected specimens. These imply that self-collection is to be given a higher consideration as a means for a population-based high-risk human Papillomavirus infections burdens assessment/screening. Additionally, even with a successful implementation of the HPV vaccination, if introduced in Ghana, there is still the need to continue with the screening of women.

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Mendoza-Pinto, C., M. García-Carrasco, V. Vallejo-Ruiz, S. Méndez-Martínez, A. Taboada-Cole, I. Etchegaray-Morales, M. Muñóz-Guarneros, J. Reyes-Leyva, and A. López-Colombo. "Incidence of cervical human papillomavirus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus women." Lupus 26, no. 9 (January 6, 2017): 944–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203316686708.

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Objectives Our objective was to study the incidence, persistence and clearance of human papillomavirus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus women and assess risk factors for persistence of human papillomavirus infection. Methods We carried out a prospective, observational cohort study of 127 systemic lupus erythematosus women. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at three years. Traditional and systemic lupus erythematosus women-related disease risk factors were collected. Gynaecological evaluations and cervical cytology screening were made. Human papillomavirus detection and genotyping were made by polymerase chain reaction and linear array. Results The cumulative prevalence of human papillomavirus infection increased from 22.8% at baseline to 33.8% at three years; p = < 0.001: 20.1% of patients experienced 43 incident infections. The risk of any human papillomavirus infection was 10.1 per 1000 patient-months. At three years, 47 (88.6%) prevalent infections were cleared. Independent risk factors associated with incident human papillomavirus infection included more lifetime sexual partners (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–3.0) and cumulative cyclophosphamide dose (odds ratio = 3.9, 95% confidence interval = 1.2–12.8). Conclusions In systemic lupus erythematosus women, the cumulative prevalence of human papillomavirus infection, including high risk-human papillomavirus and multiple human papillomavirus infections, may increase over time. Most persistent infections were low risk-human papillomavirus. The number of lifetime sexual partners and the cumulative cyclophosphamide dose were independently associated with incident human papillomavirus infection.

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19

Sano, Takaaki. "Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and Immunohistochemistry." Kitakanto Medical Journal 64, no. 4 (2014): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2974/kmj.64.347.

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Buchatskyi, L. P. "DETERMINING PROBABILITY OF CANCER CELL TRANSFOMATION AT HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION." Biotechnologia Acta 14, no. 5 (October 2021): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech14.05.074.

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Aim. The purpose of the work was to assess the probability of cancerous transformation of cells for viruses of high and low oncogenic risk. Aim. The purpose of the work was to assess the probability of cancerous transformation of cells for viruses of high and low oncogenic risk. Results. Using normalized squared error (NSE) for viruses of high (20 strains) and low (153 strains) oncogenic risk, rank statistic of 2-exponential type was build. For productive papillomavirus infection, NSE function was determined as the growing accurate 2-exponent of a cell layer basal to the epithelial surface. Logarithm of NSE numerical values is proportional to the cell entropy that is connected with the availability of virus DNA. To calculate entropy, generalized Hartley formula was used with the informational cell of dimension d: H = NdLOG(NSE), where N is the generalized cell coordinate. Conclusions. Using a statistical ensemble of E6 proteins separately for viruses of high and low oncogenic risk made it possible to assess the probability of cancerous transformation of cells, which was proportional to the ratio of the area of entropy of cancer transformation to the area of the productive entropy region papillomavirus infection.

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Tong, Yan, Philip Tonui, Aaron Ermel, Omenge Orang’o, Nelson Wong, Maina Titus, Stephen Kiptoo, Kapten Muthoka, Patrick J. Loehrer, and Darron R. Brown. "Persistence of oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus is associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Kenyan women." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212094513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120945138.

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Objectives: Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection with oncogenic, or “high-risk” types of human papillomaviruses, and is the most common malignancy in Kenyan women. A longitudinal study was initiated to investigate factors associated with persistent human papillomavirus detection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Kenyan women without evidence of cervical dysplasia. Methods: Demographic/behavioral data and cervical swabs were collected from HIV-uninfected women (n = 82) and HIV-infected women (n = 101) at enrollment and annually for 2 years. Human papillomavirus typing was performed on swabs (Roche Linear Array). Logistic regression models of human papillomavirus persistence were adjusted for demographic and behavioral characteristics. Results: HIV-infected women were older and less likely to be married and to own a home and had more lifetime sexual partners than HIV-uninfected women. All HIV-infected women were receiving anti-retroviral therapy at enrollment and had satisfactory CD4 cell counts and HIV viral loads. One- and two-year persistent human papillomavirus detection was significantly associated with HIV infection for any human papillomavirus, high-risk human papillomavirus, International Agency for the Research on Cancer-classified high-risk human papillomavirus, and non-oncogenic “low-risk” human papillomavirus. Conclusion: Persistent detection of oncogenic and non-oncogenic human papillomavirus was strongly associated with HIV infection in Kenyan women with re-constituted immune systems based on satisfactory CD4 cell counts. In addition to HIV infection, factors associated with an increased risk of human papillomavirus persistence included a higher number of lifetime sex partners. Factors associated with decreased risk of human papillomavirus persistence included older age and being married. Further studies are needed to identify the immunological defects in HIV-infected women that allow human papillomavirus persistence, even in women receiving effective anti-retroviral therapy. Further studies are also needed to determine the significance of low-risk human papillomavirus persistence in HIV-infected women.

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KREBS, HANS-B. "GENITAL HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 32, no. 1 (March 1989): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003081-198903000-00014.

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23

Schlecht, Hans P. "Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection." JAMA 307, no. 7 (February 15, 2012): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.117.

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Lowy, D. R., R. Kirnbauer, and J. T. Schiller. "Genital human papillomavirus infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91, no. 7 (March 29, 1994): 2436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.7.2436.

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25

KREJCI, E. "Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection." Clinics in Family Practice 7, no. 1 (March 2005): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cfp.2004.12.002.

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26

Della Fera, Ashley N., Alix Warburton, Tami L. Coursey, Simran Khurana, and Alison A. McBride. "Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infection." Viruses 13, no. 2 (February 20, 2021): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13020321.

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Persistent infection with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types is responsible for ~5% of human cancers. The HPV infectious cycle can sustain long-term infection in stratified epithelia because viral DNA is maintained as low copy number extrachromosomal plasmids in the dividing basal cells of a lesion, while progeny viral genomes are amplified to large numbers in differentiated superficial cells. The viral E1 and E2 proteins initiate viral DNA replication and maintain and partition viral genomes, in concert with the cellular replication machinery. Additionally, the E5, E6, and E7 proteins are required to evade host immune responses and to produce a cellular environment that supports viral DNA replication. An unfortunate consequence of the manipulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation is that cells become at high risk for carcinogenesis.

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Becker, Thomas M., Katherine M. Stone, and E. Russell Alexander. "Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection." Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 14, no. 2 (June 1987): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8545(21)00062-0.

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28

Bősze, Péter. "The first vaccine against cancer: the human papillomavirus vaccine." Orvosi Hetilap 154, no. 16 (April 2013): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29593.

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The last 20 years is one of the most remarkable periods in the fight against cancer, with the realization that some human papillomaviruses are causally related to cancer and with the development of the vaccine against human papillomavirus infections. This is a historical event in medicine and the prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines have provided powerful tools for primary prevention of cervical cancer and other human papillomavirus-associated diseases. This is very important as human papillomavirus infection is probably the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide, and over one million women develop associated cancer yearly, which is about 5% of all female cancers, and half of them die of their disease. Cancers associated with oncogenic human papillomaviruses, mostly HPV16 and 18, include cervical cancer (100%), anal cancer (95%), vulvar cancer (40%), vaginal cancer (60%), penile cancer (40%), and oro-pharingeal cancers (65%). In addition, pre-cancers such as genital warts and the rare recurrent respiratory papillomatosis are also preventable by vaccination. Currently, the human papillomavirus vaccines have the potential to significantly reduce the burden of human papillomavirus associated conditions, including prevention of up to 70% of cervical cancers. Two prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines are currently available worldwide: a bivalent vaccine (types 16 and 18), and a quadrivalent vaccine (types 6, 11, 16, and 18). Randomized controlled trials conducted on several continents during the last 10 years have demonstrated that these vaccines are safe without serious side effects; they are highly immunogenic and efficacious in preventing incident and persistent vaccine-type human papillomavirus infections, high grade cervical, vulvar and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia and so on. In addition, the quadrivalent vaccine has been shown to prevent genital warts in women and men. The vaccine is most effective when given to human papillomavirus naive girls. The human papillomavirus vaccines have been incorporated into national immunization programs in 22 European countries. Routine vaccination is recommended for girls aged between 9 and 13 years and catch-up vaccination for females between 13 and 25 years of age. There is no excuse not to incorporate the vaccines into the Hungarian national immunization program. Albeit vaccination is expensive, it is cost-effective in the long run definitely. Anyway, vaccination is a matter of the specialty and the national health program, but not of business. We all are obliged to prevent human suffering. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 603–618.

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Jeršovienė, Gudlevičienė, Rimienė, and Butkauskas. "Human Papillomavirus and Infertility." Medicina 55, no. 7 (July 15, 2019): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070377.

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Background and objectives. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most commonly sexually transmitted infection. Recent evidence suggests that an HPV infection may affect fertility. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HPV infections among couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to identify their awareness of HPV. Material and Methods. A total of 200 samples were collected from couples who received IVF treatment during 2017–2018 in Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos (VUH SK) Santaros Fertility Centre (SFC). For HPV detection, cervical swabs from women and sperm samples from men were taken and a real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for the identification of 14 high-risk HPV types. Sperm parameters were evaluated according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for 2010. Research subjects answered an anonymous questionnaire to ascertain their knowledge of HPV. Results. After testing of HPV in couples undergoing IVF, it was found that 33 out of 100 couples (33%) were HPV positive. Of these, 19% of women (19/100) and 20% of men (20/100) tested positive. Using Fisher’s exact test, a statistically significant difference was found between HPV infections and abnormal sperm quality parameters (p = 0.023). Conclusions. HPV may have an impact in spermatogenesis, because an HPV infection was more frequently detected in men with abnormal sperm parameters. High-risk HPV 52 was the most common genotype among couples undergoing IVF treatment.

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Schiffman, Mark, and Philip E. Castle. "Human Papillomavirus: Epidemiology and Public Health." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-930-hpeaph.

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Abstract Approximately 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 is the major type, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The major steps of cervical carcinogenesis include HPV infection, viral persistence and progression to precancer (as opposed to viral clearance), and invasion. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, most HPV infections become undetectable by even sensitive HPV DNA testing within 1 to 2 years. The prevalence of infection peaks at young ages and declines thereafter, perhaps as the result of HPV type-specific acquired immunity. Most HPV infections are neither microscopically evident nor visible, making HPV DNA detection the diagnostic reference standard. Poorly defined immunologic factors are the major determinants of viral outcome. Smoking, multiparity, and long-term oral contraceptive use increase the risk of persistence and progression. Other sexually transmitted infections (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis), chronic inflammation, and nutritional factors might also play a role. Overt, long-term viral persistence in the absence of precancer is uncommon. New prevention strategies can be derived from the evolving knowledge of HPV carcinogenesis. Human papillomavirus vaccination is the ultimate prevention strategy, and large-scale trials are already underway. In the meantime, HPV DNA diagnostics are more sensitive although less specific than cytology, permitting a consideration of lengthened screening intervals. In terms of public health education, clinicians and patients will need to shift discussions of the mildly abnormal Papanicolaou test to consideration of HPV infection as a common sexually transmitted infection that rarely causes cervical cancer.

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Krasnopolsky, Vladislav I., Nina V. Zarochentseva, Ksenia V. Krasnopolskaya, Yulia N. Bashankaeva, and Varvara S. Kuzmicheva. "Papillomavirus infection and reproduction." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 75, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn1332.

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The purpose of the review a synthesis of research data on the role of human papillomavirus infection in the reproductive health of women and men. Key Points. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, HPV is the main cause of the development of HPV-associated diseases among both women and men. Viruses are subdivided into HPV with low carcinogenic risk, which cause benign warts, and HPV with high carcinogenic risk, which cause cancer. Different types of human papillomaviruses depending on their characteristic tropism, are divided into skin and mucous types. Viral infection in men leads to a decrease in the quality of sperm (for example, asthenozoospermia) due to apoptosis in sperm cells and due to the development of antisperm immunity. A negative viral effect on the fertility of women is manifested in an increase in the frequency of spontaneous miscarriages and a premature rupture of the amniotic membranes during pregnancy. There is evidence that HPV decreases the number of trophoblastic cells and abnormal trophoblastic-endometrial adhesion is also observed. In trophoblastic cells transfected with high-risk HPV, the level of apoptosis increases. HPV vaccination is safe, and the results show not only protection against HPV-associated diseases in women and men, but also a reduction of gestational complications, reduced preterm birth rates and the protection of newborns from infection.

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Alifaga Muslimova, Sevda, Nushaba Fizuli Alishova, Ilhama Malik Karimova, and Raida Shamsaddin Vazirova. "PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION AND CERVICAL PATHOLOGY." SCIENTIFIC WORK 74, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/74/63-67.

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Papillomavirus infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. The aim of the study was to study the etiologic significance of the papillomavirus infection in the development of background diseases of the cervix and neoplasia. Under observation were 62 patients aged 18 to 55 years infected with human papillomavirus. All patients underwent complex clinical and anamnestic, laboratory and instrumental examination. Also, a review and advanced colposcopy was performed. As a result of the study, 53 (85.4%) women under observation were found to have various pathologies of the cervix. Dysplasia of mild degree (CIN 1 degree) was found in 12 (57.1%), moderate dysplasia (CIN 2 degree) - in 9 (42.9%) women. With further examination, it was found that patients along with dysplasia of varying severity had concomitant pathology of the cervix uteri. Cervical dysplasia was most often diagnosed in combination with another pathology of the cervix, which accounted for 85.7% of cases. It has been established that squamous epithelial lesion of the cervix is most often a consequence of late diagnosis and an untreated background process. At the same time, modern diagnostics requires a whole range of diagnostic measures to establish a diagnosis in the early stages of development and conduct differential diagnosis of a benign or malignant process. Key words: papillomavirus infection, cervix, colposcopy Sevda Alifaga Muslimova Nushaba Fizuli Alishova Ilhama Malik Karimova Raida Vazirova Xülasə Papillomavirus infeksiyası cinsi yolla keçən infeksiyalardan biridir. Tədqiqatın məqsədi uşaqlıq boynu və neoplaziyanın fon xəstəliklərinin inkişafında papillomavirus infeksiyasının etioloji əhəmiyyətini öyrənmək idi. İnsan papillomavirusuna yoluxmuş 18 yaşdan 55 yaşa qədər 62 xəstə müşahidə altında olub. Bütün xəstələr kompleks klinik və anamnestik, laboratoriya və instrumental müayinədən keçdilər. Həmçinin, baxış və təkmil kolposkopiya aparıldı. Araşdırma nəticəsində müşahidə altında olan 53 (85,4%) qadında uşaqlıq boynunun müxtəlif patologiyaları aşkar edilib. Yüngül dərəcəli displaziya (CIN 1 dərəcə) 12 (57,1%), orta displaziya (CIN 2 dərəcə) - 9 müayinədə müxtəlif şiddətli displaziya ilə birlikdə xəstələrdə uşaqlıq boynunun müşayiət olunan patologiyası aşkar edilmişdir. Servikal displaziya ən çox serviksin başqa patologiyası ilə birlikdə diaqnoz qoyuldu ki, bu da qadınların 85,7%-ni (42,9%) təşkil edirdi. Əlavə hallarla. Müəyyən edilmişdir ki, uşaqlıq boynunun skuamöz epiteliya zədələnməsi çox vaxt gec diaqnozun və müalicə olunmamış fon prosesinin nəticəsidir. Eyni zamanda, müasir diaqnostika inkişafın erkən mərhələlərində diaqnoz qoymaq və yaxşı və ya bədxassəli prosesin differensial diaqnostikasını aparmaq üçün bütün diaqnostik tədbirlərin həyata keçirilməsini tələb edir. Açar sözlər: papillomavirus infeksiyası, uşaqlıq boynu, kolposkopiya

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33

Yane, K. "Review of Human Papillomavirus Infection." Nihon Kikan Shokudoka Gakkai Kaiho 64, no. 2 (2013): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2468/jbes.64.73.

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Fabbrocini, G., S. Cacciapuoti, and G. Monfrecola. "Human Papillomavirus Infection in Child." Open Dermatology Journal 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874372200903010111.

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Fabbrocini, G., S. Cacciapuoti, and G. Monfrecola. "Human Papillomavirus Infection in Child." Open Dermatology Journal 3, no. 2 (November 6, 2009): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874372200903020111.

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Valentino, Katie, and Cathlin B. Poronsky. "Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 31, no. 2 (March 2016): e155-e166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2015.10.005.

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Moscicki, Anna-Barbara. "HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN ADOLESCENTS." Pediatric Clinics of North America 46, no. 4 (August 1999): 783–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70152-8.

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Lancaster, Wayne D., and A. Bennett Jenson. "Human Papillomavirus Infection and Neoplasia." Dermatologic Clinics 9, no. 2 (April 1991): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(18)30423-6.

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Jablonska, Stefania, and Slawomir Majewski. "Human papillomavirus infection in women." Clinics in Dermatology 15, no. 1 (January 1997): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-081x(96)00111-3.

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Ledger, William J. "Human Papillomavirus Infection in Women." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 13, no. 4 (July 2005): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.idc.0000168470.58223.dc.

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Holder, Nneka, Nicole Ahmed, and Maria Demma Cabral. "Human papillomavirus infection in adolescents." Pediatric Medicine 2 (September 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/pm.2019.08.01.

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Burk, Robert D. "Classification of Human Papillomavirus Infection." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 270, no. 4 (July 28, 1993): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510040057024.

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Buck, C. B., P. M. Day, C. D. Thompson, J. Lubkowski, W. Lu, D. R. Lowy, and J. T. Schiller. "Human -defensins block papillomavirus infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no. 5 (January 23, 2006): 1516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508033103.

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Dillner, Joakim, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, Geo von Krogh, and Simon Horenblas. "Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 34, no. 6 (November 29, 2000): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365590050509922.

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Dillner, Joakim, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, Geo von Krogh, and Simon Horenblas. "Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection." Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 34, no. 205 (January 2000): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003655900750016580.

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Rowen, D. "Genital Warts. Human Papillomavirus Infection." Sexually Transmitted Infections 71, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.71.6.418.

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Mitao, Masaru, Nobutaka Nagai, Richard U. Levine, Saul J. Silverstein, and Christopher P. Crum. "Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Infection." International Journal of Gynecological Pathology 5, no. 4 (December 1986): 287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004347-198612000-00001.

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Beutner, K. R. "Human Papillomavirus Infection in Dermatovenereology." Archives of Dermatology 134, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.134.8.1047.

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Bacaj, Patrick, and David Burch. "Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Skin." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 142, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2017-0572-ra.

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Abstract:

Context.— Human papillomavirus is implicated in the pathogenesis of benign and malignant neoplasms of the skin. Objective.— To review the role of human papillomavirus in the development of malignancies and their precursor lesions in skin. Data Sources.— The study comprised a review of the literature. Conclusions.— The use of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion terminology brings order and simplicity to these lesions, correlates with the current understanding of the biology of human papillomavirus infections, and helps to promote accurate diagnosis of and appropriate treatment for these lesions.

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Dabeski, Drage. "Association between human papillomavirus infection and atypical cervical squamous cells." Medical review 71, no. 9-10 (2018): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1810301d.

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Abstract:

Introduction. The aim of the study was to confirm the association between human papillomavirus infection and atypical cervical squamous cells. Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study, conducted in the period from January 2016 to June 2017, included 128 sexually active women, aged 20 to 59 years with squamous cell abnormalities of the cervical cytology, who came to their annual gynecological exam at the University Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Skopje. All patients underwent human papillomavirus testing and colposcopic cervical biopsy with endocervical curettage for histopathological analysis. Results. Data analysis showed an increase in the human papillomavirus infection alongside with cytological (p = 0.029296) and histopathological (p = 0.029443) increasing grades of cervical lesions. It showed an association between the oncogenic potential of the virus and the cytological (p = 0.000086) and histopathological (p = 0.00001) grades of cervical lesions. A human papillomavirus infection was detected in 75.00% of the examined women. The relationship between the prevalence of high-risk and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes was 56.25%: 10.94%. Mixed human papillomavirus infection was detected in 32.03% of all patients, in 42.71% of human papillomavirus positive patients. The most common human papillomavirus genotypes, in descending order, were human papillomavirus-16 (43.75%), human papillomavirus-31 (15.62%), human papillomavirus-18 10.4%), human papillomavirus-45 (9.37%), human papillomavirus-33 (7.29%), etc. Conclusion. This study has confirmed an association between human papillomavirus infection and squamous cell abnormalities of the uterine cervix. Young women under 30 years of age were the most affected group.

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