Dissertations / Theses: 'Human papillomavirus infection'

1

Aaltonen, Leena-Maija. "Laryngeal human Papillomavirus infection." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 1999. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/haart/vk/aaltonen/.

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Geijersstam, Veronika af. "Dynamics of oncogenic human papillomavirus infection /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4459-8/.

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Healey, Sylvia M. "Human papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia in Nunavut." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0011/MQ52906.pdf.

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4

Bratton, Kristin. "The Role of Furin Cleavage in Human Papillomavirus Infection." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/243893.

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The early stages of Human Papillomavirus infection proceeds through a series of steps that involve interactions between cell surface molecules and viral capsid proteins. While the role of viral protein L1 in internalization of the virus has been well characterized, the role of minor capsid protein L2 in internalization and infection is less clear. However, cleavage of L2 by furin, a proprotein convertase, and the resulting exposure of an N-terminal region, the RG-1 epitope, has been shown to be a critical step in infection. In this study, we aimed to explicitly show furin cleavage during infection and identify the cellular conditions required for this cleavage event and establishment of infection. An assay to detect furin cleavage of L2 was developed, and for the first time, furin cleavage was directly shown during infection. In vivo data suggests that cyclophilin B, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase believed to playa role in the conformational changes that occur prior to internalization, may playa less prominent role than previously thought. Understanding the role of L2 in entry and infection provides a more comprehensive picture of the mechanism of papillomavirus infection and exposure of the RG-1 epitope, the major target for next-generation broadly protective pan-HPV vaccines.

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Li, Wenqin. "Novel intranasal GNRs-DNA vaccines against human papillomavirus infection." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28807.

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Meys, Rhonda. "Aspects of human papillomavirus (HPV) disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10730.

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Cutaneous and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV patients, on suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART), poses under-investigated clinical challenges. HPV in HIV may represent a form of immune reconstitution associated disease (IRAD). HPV disease and IRADs have been separately correlated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype. HLA might also influence HPV in HIV. Comprehensive HPV typing of persistent warts obtained from HIV infected and healthy subjects was performed. Cutaneous HPV types were detected using nested PCR/sequencing and newly developed (Luminex based) HSLPCR/ MPG; genital and beta HPV types were identified using a reverse hybridisation line probe assay. Real time PCR was employed to determine HPV DNA viral loads. HLA alleles were defined in HIV infected and healthy patients by Luminex-based molecular typing using DNA derived from blood. The HPV profile of cutaneous and genital HIV warts differs significantly from warts from healthy individuals. In HIV, HPV 7 has been confirmed to be an important HPV type in cutaneous warts (p=0.001). In genital warts in HIV, HPV 11 is the predominant HPV type (p=0.15) and HPV 6 is less common (p=0.002), contrasting with the usual finding that HPV 6 is the principal type in the general population. Cross-over of HPV types between cutaneous and genital sites suggests that HPV tropism is less important than previously thought. An excess of beta HPV types, predominantly as mixed infections, is seen in cutaneous warts in HIV (p<0.0005). The HLA class I allele group HLA-B*44 (as the allele HLA-B*44:02 and the haplotype HLA-B*44, -C*05) has been identified more frequently in HIV than in controls (p=0.004, allele group; p=0.0006, allele; p=0.001, haplotype). The class II allele HLA-DQB1*06 may also be of interest (p=0.03). However, the differences are reduced after correction for multiple testing. Further work is required to ascertain if these HPV types and alleles are of importance.

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Pintos, Vega Luis Javier. "Human papillomavirus infection and oral cancer : a case-control study." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84413.

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Introduction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected with varying frequency in oral cancers and in normal oral tissues. The main objective of the present study was to examine the association between HPV infection and risk of developing oral cancer.
Methodology. This investigation, as a component of an international multi-centre study coordinated by the IARC, followed a hospital-based case-control design. Cases consisted of newly diagnosed patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, including mouth and oropharynx. Controls were frequency matched to cases by sex, age, and hospital. All subjects were interviewed to elicit detail information on known and putative risk factors.
Oral exfoliated cells were collected from all subjects for detection of HPV DNA using the PGMY09/11 PCR protocol. Antibodies against HPV 16, 18, and 31 capsids were detected in patients' plasma using an immunoassay technique. Logistic regression was used for estimation of odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of oral cancer for HPV and other candidate risk factors.
Results. A total of 72 cases and 129 controls were recruited. HPV DNA was detected in 19% of cases (14 out of 72), and in 5% of controls (6 out of 129). Analysis for cancers related to Waldeyer's ring (palatine tonsil and base of tongue) showed that the OR of disease for detection of high risk HPV types was 19.32 (95%CI:2.3--159.5), after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, tobacco and alcohol consumption. The adjusted OR of disease for HPV 16 seropositivity was 31.51 (95%CI:4.5--219.7). Analysis for non tonsillar oral cancers showed that the OR for detection of high risk HPV DNA in oral cells and for seropositivity were 2.14 (95%CI:0.4--13.0) and 3.16 (95%CI:0.8--13.0), respectively.
Discussion. The results from this study provide evidence supporting a strong association between HPV infection and cancers of the oropharynx, especially those arising from Waldeyer's ring. On the other hand, the association with non tonsillar oral cancers was of much lower magnitude. The biological evidence establishing a firm etiologic link remains to be established for the latter subsites, whereas the association between HPV and Waldeyer's ring carcinomas is consistent with a causal link.

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Burchell, Ann. "Human papillomavirus infection and transmission among couples through heterosexual activity." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40745.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). The vast majority of these infections clear spontaneously. The small proportion that persists may result in substantial morbidity and treatment costs. High oncogenic risk HPV (HR-HPV) types, including HPV-16 and 18, are recognised unequivocally as the main causal factor for cervical cancer, and may also cause other anogenital neoplasms and head and neck cancers. Infections with types that have low oncogenic risk (LR-HPV), such as HPV-6 and -11, are associated with benign lesions including genital warts. Many projections of the impact of the new HPV vaccines and screening technologies use dynamic transmission models which require sound estimates of the probability of transmission upon exposure. Furthermore, biological and practical limitations of the current vaccines require that we explore as many prevention options as possible. A critical research question is whether condoms provide protection. The main aims of the thesis were to characterize patterns of HPV infection among heterosexual couples in a new relationship, to identify risk factors for HPV infection, and to estimate HPV transmission probabilities per partnership and per coital act. I carried out a preliminary Monte Carlo simulation to estimate the probability of HPV transmission, then designed and conducted a study of heterosexual couples. The thesis objectives were addressed using baseline data from the ongoing HITCH Cohort Study (HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity). The study population consists of young (aged 18-24) women attending a university or junior college (CEGEP) in Montreal and their male partners. Results from the simulation analysis suggested that HPV is highly transmissible, which was confirmed by the cross-sectional analysis of the HITCH study. Among the 263 couples enrolled between 05/2005 and 08/2008, HPV prevalence was 56% among women and men. In nearly two th
Le virus du papillome humain (VPH) est l'infection transmissible sexuellement (ITS) la plus répandue. Une grande majorité des infections à VPH se résorbent spontanément. Cependant, la petite proportion d’infections à VPH persistantes peut avoir des coûts substantiels de traitement et de morbidité comme conséquence. Des génotypes de VPH à haut risque oncologique (HR-HPV), y compris HPV-16 et 18, sont identifiés sans équivoque comme facteur causal principal pour le cancer cervical, et peuvent également causer d'autres cancers anogénitaux, de la tête et du cou. Les infections avec des génotypes de VPH à bas risque oncologique (LR-HPV), comme HPV-6 et -11, sont associées aux lésions bénignes comprenant les verrues génitales. Plusieurs projections de l'impact des nouveaux vaccins de VPH et des techniques de dépistage utilisent des modèles de transmission dynamiques qui exigent des évaluations précises de la probabilité de transmission lors de l'exposition. En outre, les limitations biologiques et pratiques des vaccins courants exigent que nous explorions autant d'options de prévention que possibles. Une question critique de recherches est de savoir si les condoms assurent une protection. Les objectifs principaux de la thèse consistaient à caractériser des modèles typiques d’infection au VPH parmi les couples hétérosexuels dans une nouvelle relation, identifier des facteurs de risque pour l'infection au VPH, et estimer les probabilités de transmission du VPH par relation de couple et par acte coïtal. J'ai effectué une simulation préliminaire de Monte Carlo pour estimer la probabilité de transmission de VPH, puis j’ai conçu et entrepris une étude des couples hétérosexuels. Les objectifs de thèse ont été élaborés en utilisant les données de base de l'étude de cohorte HITCH (HPV Infection and Transmission among Couples through Heterosexual activity) qui se poursuit toujours. La population de l’étude est composée$

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Caparros, Wanderley Wilson. "Development and study of potential immunotherapies against human papillomavirus infection." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300044.

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Bronnimann, Matthew Phillip, and Matthew Phillip Bronnimann. "Penetration of Host Membrane Barriers by Human Papillomavirus During Infection." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623159.

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Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses that infect human cutaneous and mucosal tissue. Most HPV infections are benign or cause only minor pathologies. However, infection with one of the ~15 high risk types of HPV is associated with a variety of head/neck and anogenital cancers. All told, HPV infection is thought to cause ~5% of all human cancers and cause ~275,000 deaths per year. Despite causing immense morbidity and mortality, many aspects of how HPV virions successfully establish infection in host cells remain poorly characterized. Infection begins with HPV virions binding the cell surface, where they are modified by the host protease furin. The HPV virions are then endocytosed by association with an unknown entry receptor(s). After endocytosis the HPV minor capsid protein L2 acts as a chaperone to ensure that the viral genome (vDNA) traffics from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and eventually the nucleus, where HPV replication occurs. En route to the nucleus, the L2/vDNA complex must translocate across limiting intracellular membranes. The details of these critical processes remain poorly characterized. In this work we investigate the viral and host factors involved in the penetration of host membranes by the HPV L2/vDNA complex. First, we elucidated many of the viral and host factors necessary for furin cleavage of L2. We also demonstrate that furin cleavage mediates the homo-oligomerization and membrane insertion of L2. Finally we demonstrate that complete translocation across the limiting membrane is dependent on host cell entry into mitosis. Overall this work provides novel insight into the molecular mechanisms used by HPV virions to breach host membranes and establish infection.

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Pierre-Victor, Dudith. "Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination Policies in the American South." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2591.

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In the United States, the South has a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer, yet research reporting regional prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is scarce. Since 2008, Virginia has passed a HPV vaccine mandate and Louisiana a HPV education bill. This dissertation estimated the prevalence of HPV infection among females and assessed the impact of Virginia’s and Louisiana’s HPV vaccination policy on vaccination among adolescent females. The first manuscript estimated the prevalence of HPV infection using data from 4,250 females collected during the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among 14–26 year-olds, the prevalence of high-risk oncogenic HPV was 25.6% (95% CI: 22.4 ̶ 33.3) in the South and 29.1% (95% CI: 24.8 ̶ 33.8) in the rest of the country (p= 0.15). Among 27–59 year-olds, infection rates were 20.9% (95% CI: 17.4 ̶ 24.9) for the South and 14.5% (95% CI: 12.9 ̶ 16.3) for the rest of the country (p=0.0001). The second manuscript assessed the impact of Virginia’s HPV vaccine mandate on vaccination using National Immunization Survey-Teen 2008-2012 data (n=3,203). A difference-in-differences estimation and logistic regression analysis were performed with South Carolina and Tennessee serving as comparison states. Virginia’s mandate was not associated with an increase in vaccination rates. Physician recommendation was strongly associated with vaccination in the Virginia-South Carolina (aOR=10.3; p=0.0001) and Virginia-Tennessee analyses (aOR=9.33; 95%CI: 6.11 ̶ 14.3). The third manuscript assessed the impact of Louisiana’s HPV education policy on vaccination using difference-in-differences estimation and logistic regression analysis, with Alabama and Mississippi as comparison states (n=2,327). There was no evidence that the policy increased vaccination rates. Physician recommendation was associated with vaccination in the Louisiana-Alabama (aOR=7.74; 95% CI: 5.22 ̶ 11.5) and Louisiana-Mississippi comparison (aOR=7.05; 95% CI: 4.6 ̶ 10.5). This study found a higher prevalence of HPV infection among females aged 27 ̶ 59 years in the South compared to the rest of the country. Additionally, physician recommendation was strongly associated with vaccination despite HPV policy implementation. These findings highlight the importance of physician recommendation for HPV vaccination and the need for recommended cervical cancer screening, particularly in the South.

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Skyldberg, Barbro. "Human papillomavirus infection, genetic instability and invasive properties of cervical lesions /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3736-2/.

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13

Southern, Shirley Anne. "Karyotypic analysis of cervical neoplasia : chromosomal aberrations and human papillomavirus infection." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367063.

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14

Chambuso, Ramadhani Salum. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Human Papillomavirus co-infection and host molecular genetics of cervical carcinoma." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31668.

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A subgroup of women who are co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1) and human papillomavirus (HPV) progress relatively rapidly to cervical disease regardless of the number of absolute CD4 count. During infection, viral peptides are recognized by the host immune system. It is reasonable to propose that the development of viral-associated cancers, like cervical cancer, requires interference with specific immune-response genes. This thesis investigates this proposition with consideration of host molecular genetic alterations and variations of the human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA II) genes as one of the groups of immune-response genes that are involved in directing CD4 T-cell responses during infection, in the instance of cervical cancer progression in HIV-1/HPV co-infected women. Study I, reviewed the available literature on host molecular genetics and HIV-1/HPV coinfection on cervical cancer progression. This study suggests that the dual pro-oncogenic effects of HPV oncoproteins E6/E7 and the HIV-1 oncoprotein Tat, may exacerbate and accelerate the rate of cervical disease progression in a subgroup of HIV-1-positive women. Additionally, HIV-1-positive cervical cancer has three important carcinogenesis steps: firstly, HPV integration into the host genome, secondly, dual pro-oncogenic effects of HPV oncoproteins E6/E7, and the HIV-1 Tat oncoprotein in the host genome and, thirdly, the accumulation of repeated, unrepaired genetic mutations and genetic alterations within the host chromosomal DNA. Genetic variations or mutations that affect the following host gene categories were suggested to be responsible for cervical cancer susceptibility and disease progression; (i) genes for the immune-response against oncogenic HPV infection, (ii) oncogenes, (iii) tumour-suppressor genes, (iv) apoptosis-related genes, (v) DNA damagerepair genes, and (vi) cell cycle-regulatory genes. However, studies II, III and IV are linked together and listed according to the specific objectives of this thesis. Study II, characterized the distribution of HPV genotypes within cervical tumour biopsies from a cohort of 181 HPV-unvaccinated South African women and studied the relationships with HIV-1 infection, age of patients, absolute CD4 count, CD4 percentage and the stage of cervical disease, and identified the predictive power of these variables for cervical disease stage. Distribution of HPV genotypes was related to the stage of cervical disease in HIV-1-positive women. Older age was a significant predictor for invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in both HIV-1-seronegative (p<0.0001) ) and HIV1-positive women (p=0.0003, q=0.0003). Sixty-eight percent (59/87) of HIV-1-positive women with different stages of cervical disease presented with CD4 percentage below or equal to 28 and a median absolute CD4 count of 400 cells/µl (IQR 300-500 cells/µl). Of the HIV-1-positive women, 75% (30/40) with ICC, possessed ≤28% CD4 cells versus 25% (10/40) who possessed >28% CD4 cells (both p< 0.001, q<0.001). Furthermore, 70% (28/40) of women with ICC possessed absolute CD4 count >350 cells/µl compared to 30% (12/40) who possessed absolute CD4 count ≤ 350 cells/µl (both p< 0.001, q< 0.001). Study III, was the first case-control study to investigate the association of HIV-1/HPV coinfection with specific host HLA II-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles in cervical cancer. Two hundred and fifty-six (256) women of the same ethnicity were recruited, comprising 56 cases and 200 age-matched controls. A total of 624 HLA-DRB1 and -DQB1 class II genotypes were studied. HLA II-DQB1*03:01 and -DQB1*06:02 alleles were associated with cervical cancer in HIV-1/HPV co-infected women (p=0.001 and p< 0.0001, respectively) while HLA II-DRB1*13:01 and -DQB1*03:19 were rare or absent in women with cervical disease when compared to the control population (p=0.012 and 0.011, respectively). Study IV, aimed to investigate the host genetic alterations that may be involved in rapid tumour progression in HIV-1/HPV co-infected women. The frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) at the HLA II locus on chromosome 6p was analysed in cervical tumour biopsy DNA, with regard to HIV-1/HPV co-infection in 164 women. Seventy-four women were HIV-1-positive and ninety women were HIV-1-seronegative. Tumour DNA from HIV-1/HPV co-infected women demonstrated a higher frequency of LOH/MSI at the HLA II locus at 6p21.21 than tumour DNA from HIV1-seronegative women (D6S2447, 74.2% versus 42.6%; p=0.001, q=0.003), D6S2881 at 6p21.31 (78.3% versus 42.9%; p=0.002, q=0.004), D6S1666 at 6p21.32 (79% versus 57.1%; p=0.035, q=0.052), and D6S2746, at 6p21.33 (64.3% versus 29.4%; p< 0.001, q< 0.001), respectively. This thesis provides novel insights and adds to the existing knowledge on the relationships between HIV-1/HPV co-infection, CD4 immune status, host HLA II allele variations and genetic alterations at chromosome 6p in association or likely protection to cervical disease in the studied cohort of South African women. Identification of host molecular genetic susceptibility to disease with regard to viral infection is important for individualized molecular targeted prevention of cervical cancer.

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Lanham, Stuart Andrew. "Molecular biology of papillomaviruses in pre-malignant cervical infection." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323803.

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Winer, Rachel L. "Genital HPV infection and E7 mRNA viral load : incidence, risk factors, and relations to genital neoplasias /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10917.

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Correr, Wagner Rafael. "Development of impedimetric DNA sensor for diagnosis of Human Papillomavirus type 18 infection." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76132/tde-05032015-144417/.

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Currently, the most common strategy employed to detect DNA sequences is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Nevertheless, in the last few years research on DNA biosensors has increased significantly. Such sensors represent an alternative to PCR in the detection of specific DNA sequences, once they exhibit fast response, low limits of detection, and require simpler sample preparation. The development of a biosensor for detection of DNA from Human Papillomavirus type 18 is reported. To immobilise DNA probe onto indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, a silanisation was carried out using 3-Aminopropyltryethoxysilane (APTES). Silanisation was studied and optimised using ultra-violet absorption spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. After immobilisation, the hybridisation with target sequence is detected by changes in surface properties of ITO electrode by Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, using the Ferri-Ferrocyante redox couple. The detection of synthetic target sequence was performed in the range of 12.5 to 100 nM, and 300nM for PCR products. The sensor did not show significative response for non-complementary sequence at 50 nM. This sensor can be applied for fast and low cost detection of HPV genetic material at nanomolar levels.
A estratégia mais empregada atualmente na detecção de sequência de DNA é a PCR (Reação em Cadeira da Polimerase). Contudo, nos últimos anos, a pesquisa em biossensores de DNA tem aumentado significativamente. Estes sensores representam uma alternativa a PCR na detecção de sequências específicas de DNA, uma vez que exibem resposta rápida, baixos limites de detecção e requerem preparação simples da amostra. Nesta dissertação descrito o desenvolvimento de um biossensor para a detecção do DNA do Papilomavirus Humano tipo 18. A fim de imobilizar a sequência de captura de DNA em eletrodos de óxido de estanho e índio (ITO), realizou-se uma silanização usando 3-Aminopropiltrietoxisilano (APTES). A reação de silanização foi estudada e otimizada através das técnicas de Espectroscopia de Absorção Ultravioleta, Microscopia de Força Atômica, Microscopia de Fluorescência e Voltametria Cíclica. Após a imobilização, a hibridização com a sequência alvo é detectada através de alterações nas propriedades de superfície do eletrodo através de Voltametria Cíclica e Espectroscopia de Impedância Eletroquímica, usando o par redox Ferri-ferrocianeto. A detecção da sequência alvo sintética foi realizada no intervalo de 12.5 a 100 nM, e para o produto de PCR, 300 nM. O sensor não demonstrou resposta significativa para sequência não complementar a 50 nM. Este sensor pode ser aplicado na detecção rápida e de baixo custo de material genético do HPV a níveis nanomolares.

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Michael, Paul. "PCR screening for human papillomavirus infections, and evaluation of the estimated infection prevalence for a population of females." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ46494.pdf.

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Hamlin-Douglas, Lauren Kay. "Prevalence and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Inuit women of Nunavik, Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22018.

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Objectives: To study the prevalence and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among Inuit women in Nunavik, Quebec. Methods: We recruited a cohort of Inuit women seeking routine care and living in communities in Nunavik. Baseline demographic and lifestyle data was collected and cervical specimens were tested for HPV-DNA using the PGMY-Line blot assay. Results: Overall and high-risk (HR) HPV prevalence were 28.9% and 20.4%, respectively. Co-infections were observed in 40% of HPV-positive subjects. The most common HPV type was HPV-16; other prevalent HR types included HPV-31, HPV-52, and HPV-58. The most prevalent papillomavirus species were alpha-9 and alpha-3. In multivariate logistic regression, age (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.98) and ten or more lifetime sexual partners (OR: 2.25; 95% CI: 1.41-3.60) were associated with HR-HPV infection. Conclusions: HPV prevalence is elevated when compared to most Canadian populations. Age and markers of sexual activity appear to be risk factors for HR-HPV infection.
Objectif: Déterminer la prévalence et les déterminants du VPH chez les femmes inuites du Nunavik, Québec. Méthode: Nous avons recruté une cohorte de femmes vivant au Nunavik. Des données démographiques et reliées au mode de vie ont été récoltées. Des échantillons de cellules du col de l'utérus ont été analysés à l'aide du PGMY-Line blot assay afin de détecter de l'ADN-VPH. Résultats: La prévalence du VPH et du VPH-HR était respectivement de 28.9% et 20.4%. Les types de VPH-HR les plus répandus étaient VPH-16, VPH-31, VPH-52 et VPH-58. Une analyse de régression logistique multivariée a révélé que l'âge (RC: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93-0.98) et avoir dix partenaires sexuels ou plus au cours d'une vie (RC: 2.25; CI: 1.41-3.60) sont associés à l'infection au VPH-HR. Conclusion: La prévalence du VPH est élevée comparée à la majorité des populations canadiennes. L'âge et des marqueurs d'activité sexuelle sont des facteurs de risque pour l'infection au VPH-HR.

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Hughes, Rhona Grace. "The local response to human papillomavirus infection and neoplastic disease of the uterine cervix." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18973.

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Hobbs, Christopher Geoffrey Laurence. "Laryngeal and tonsillar MHC class I expression : implications for human papillomavirus infection and carcinogenesis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443273.

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22

Elfgren, Kristina. "Longitudinal studies of human papillomavirus infection : with special reference to screening for cervical cancer and treatment of CIN /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-673-1/.

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23

del, Valle-Mendoza Juana, Lorena Becerra-Goicochea, Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis, Luis Pinillos-Vilca, Hugo Carrillo-Ng, Wilmer Silva-Caso, Carlos Palomares-Reyes, et al. "Genotype-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in asymptomatic Peruvian women: a community-based study." BioMed Central Ltd, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657339.

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Objective: To determine the general and genotype-specific prevalence of HPV and to identify potential risk factors for the infection in a population-based screening of Peruvian women. Results: A total of 524 samples were analyzed by PCR and a total of 100 HPV positive samples were found, of which 89 were high-risk, 19 were probably oncogenic, 9 were low-risk and 27 other HPV types. The 26–35 and 36–45 age groups showed the highest proportion of HPV positive samples with a total of 37% (37/100) and 30% (30/100), respectively. Moreover, high-risk HPV was found in 33.7% of both groups and probably oncogenic HPV in 52.6% and 31.6%, respectively. High-risk HPV were the most frequent types identified in the population studied, being HPV-52, HPV-31 and HPV-16 the most commonly detected with 17.6%, 15.7% y 12.9%, respectively. Demographic characteristics and habits were assessed in the studied population. A total of 62% high-risk HPV were detected in married/cohabiting women. Women with two children showed the highest proportion (33.8%) of high-risk HPV, followed by women with only one child (26.9%). Those women without history of abortion had a higher frequency of high-risk HPV (71.9%), followed by those with one abortion (25.8%).
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Yan, Chun-kit, and 甄俊傑. "Prevalence and pattern of human papillomavirus infection in females, with cytology correlation: the Hong Kongexperience." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48421492.

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Objectives To analyze the prevalence and pattern of HPV infection in women of different age groups in Hong Kong, with respect to liquid-based cytologic diagnosis. Materials and Methods A total of 2,055 liquid-based gynecologic cytology cases using either SurePath or ThinPrep during the period from July 1, 2007 to July 31, 2012 were retrieved from the archival files of CH Pathology Limited for retrospective analysis. Cytologic diagnosis was first given. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping was subsequently performed in cases either as requested simultaneously by gynecologists or if the cytologic diagnosis was “atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)” or above. IBM SPSS statistics 20 was used for data analysis and assessment of possible statistical significance. Results The overall prevalence of HPV infection in the studied population was 67.7%, with 37.2% cases with “negative” cytologic findings being HPV positive. Cases with “lowgrade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL)”, “atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H)” and “high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL)” were highly associated with HPV infection (97.8%, 91.5% and 98.4%, respectively). Amongst the “ASC-H” and “HSIL” cases, most of them were shown to harbor high-risk HPV DNA (87.2% and 93.4%, respectively). The overall prevalence of HPV infection was higher in women younger than 25 years and in women older than 54 years, with the peak at post-menopausal age group. The patterns for infection by single HPV genotype or high-risk HPV genotype(s) alone were similar to the overall pattern, with the first peak at women younger than 25 years, followed by a drop at aged 25 to 34 and rebound again when age afterward. As for infection by multiple HPV genotypes or low-risk HPV genotype(s) alone, the patterns were less consistent. Amongst all the HPV-positive cases, the commonest high-risk HPV genotypes were type 52 and type 16. HPV type 62 and type 81 represented the commonest low-risk HPV genotypes detected in the population studied. Infection by other HPV genotypes showed various patterns in different age groups. Conclusions The overall prevalence of HPV infection in Hong Kong females correlates with age of the patients and corresponding cytologic diagnosis. Women younger than 25 years and older than 54 years are more likely to harbor HPV. The patterns of HPV infection in local patients can be useful in future preventive measures such as vaccination.
published_or_final_version
Medical Sciences
Master
Master of Medical Sciences

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Almarzouki, Hani. "Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and Erythropoietin Receptors (EPoR) expression as prognostic indicators in oropharyngeal cancer." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=119496.

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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is recognized as an independent risk factor for squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the head and neck, and the presence of HPV DNA is associated with a better prognosis. Recent evidence indicates a broader role for erythropoietin via binding and activation of its receptor (EpoR), which is present in many neoplastic non-hematopoietic cells. The expression of EpoR in cancer may represent a selection process that permits cancer cells to survive in an unfavorable microenvironment and may indicate aggressive cancer cell behavior. EpoR is variably expressed in head and neck cancer cells and could independently predict a poorer treatment response. Objectives: 1. To determine HPV status and the frequency of EpoR expression in archived biopsy specimens obtained from patients with oropharyngeal SCCs. 2. To evaluate whether the EpoR status affects survival and whether this putative effect is influenced by HPV status. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted by reviewing the charts of 97 patients with oropharyngeal SCCs treated with primary curative intent radiation therapy at the McGill University Health Center, from 2000 to 2009. Eligible patients had to have archived tissue samples available for HPV and EpoR analysis. HPV DNA testing and typing was done using a standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol. EpoR status was determined by immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal anti-EpoR staining. Stained sections were analyzed by 2 independent examiners by conventional light microscopy. A score product of 0-300 was determined for each patient by multiplying the percentage of neoplastic cells staining for EpoR (0-100%) and the intensity of the EpoR staining expressed from 0 to 3. Results: The median age was 62 years (range: 43–83). HPV status was positive in 74% of patients and this was significantly higher in patients aged ≤65 years, p=0.023. Patients with a significant smoking history (>10 pack-years) and drinking history (>4 drinks/week) were significantly more likely to be HPV negative, p= 0.041 and 0.0001 respectively. On Cox regression analysis, HPV positivity was associated with a 29% reduction in risk of death (Hazard Ratio (HR)=0.71; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.34-1.49), albeit non-significantly. EpoR status was positive in 27% of patients and was associated with a non-significant 23% increase in risk of death (HR=1.23; 95%CI: 0.59-2.56). Patients who were HPV positive and EpoR negative had a non-significant 33% reduction in risk of death (HR=0.67; 95%CI: 0.29-1.56).Conclusion: This study demonstrates a trend indicating that HPV and EpoR status correlate with survival. This trend persists when patients are divided into low, intermediate and high-risk groups based on their HPV/EpoR status. The lowest risk group appears to consist of patients, which are HPV positive and EpoR negative. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to discuss the relation of EpoR and survival in head and neck cancer.
Contexte: Le virus du papillome humain (VPH) est reconnu comme un facteur de risque indépendant pour les carcinomes épidermoïdes (CE) de la tête et du cou. De plus, la présence de l'ADN du VPH est associée à un meilleur pronostic. Des recherches récentes indiquent un plus grand rôle de l'érythropoïétine via une une activation de son récepteur (EpoR), qui est présent dans de nombreuses cellules non-hématopoïétiques néoplasiques. L'expression de EpoR dans un cancer peut représenter un processus de sélection qui permet aux cellules cancéreuses de survivre dans un environnement défavorable et peut aussi indiquer un comportement agressif des cellules cancéreuses. EpoR est variablement exprimé dans les cancers de la tête et du cou et pourrait prédire de façon indépendante une réponse plus faible aux traitements offerts aux patients. Objectifs: 1. Pour déterminer le statut VPH des cellules et la fréquence de l'expression du récepteur EpoR dans des biopsies obtenues de patients atteints du cancer épidermoïde oropharyngé. 2. Pour évaluer si la présence d'EpoR affecte la survie et si cet effet négatif est influencé par le statut VPH des cellules. Méthodes: Une étude rétrospective a été menée en examinant les dossiers de 97 patients atteints du cancer épidermoïde oropharyngé traités par radiothérapie comme intention curative au Centre universitaire de santé McGill, de 2000 à 2009. Les patients éligibles devaient avoir archivé des échantillons de tissus disponibles pour l'analyse VPH et EpoR. L'analyse de la présence du VPH a été effectuée en utilisant une réaction standard en chaîne par polymérase (PCR). La présence du récepteur EpoR a été déterminée par immunohistochimie en utilisant des marqueurs polyclonaux colorants anti-EpoR obtenus chez les lapins. Les sections de pathologie ont été analysées par 2 examinateurs indépendants par la microscopie optique conventionnelle. Un score de 0 à 300 a été déterminé pour chaque patient en multipliant le pourcentage de cellules néoplasiques contenant l'EpoR (0 à 100%) et l'intensité de la coloration de l'EpoR exprimée de 0 à 3. Résultats: L'âge médian était de 62 ans (extrêmes: 43-83). Le statut VPH a été positif chez 74% des patients. Ceci était significativement plus élevé chez les patients âgés ≤ 65 ans, p = 0,023. Les patients ayant des antécédents de tabagisme importants (> 10 paquet-années) et d'alcoolisme (> 4 verres / semaine) étaient significativement plus susceptibles d'être VPH négatif, p = 0,041 et 0,0001 respectivement. En analyse de régression de Cox, la présence de VPH était associé à une réduction de 29% du risque de décès (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0,71, Intervalle de confiance (IC) 95%: 0,34 à 1,49), mais de façon non significative (p >0.05). Le statut EpoR était positif chez 27% des patients et a été associé à une augmentation non significative de 23% du risque de décès (RR = 1,23, IC 95%: 0,59 à 2,56). Les patients qui étaient positifs pour le VPH et négatifs pour l'EpoR avaient une réduction non significative de 33% du risque de décès (RR = 0,67, IC 95%: 0,29 à 1,56).Conclusion: Cette étude démontre une tendance qui indique que le VPH et le statut EpoR ont une corrélation avec la survie. Cette tendance persiste lorsque les patients sont divisés en sous-groupes (faible, intermédiaire et haut risque) en fonction de leur statut VPH / EpoR. Le groupe avec le plus faible risque de décès sont les patients avec le statut de VPH positif et EpoR négatif. Au meilleur de nos connaissances, cette étude est la première à examiner la relation entre l'EpoR et la survie chez les patients avec le cancer de la tête et du cou.

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Partridge, Jeffrey M. "Genital human papillomavirus infection in men : incidence, duration, and risk factors in a cohort of young male university students /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10868.

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Сумцов, Георгій Олексійович, Георгий Алексеевич Сумцов, Heorhii Oleksiiovych Sumtsov, and О. П. Борисюк. "Папіломовірусна інфекція, захворюваність." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5366.

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Wong, Weng-man Valerie. "Prevalence, genotypes and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection among women in Macao a cross-sectional study /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42998013.

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Kolar, Stephanie Kay. "Associations of Perceived Stress, Sleep, and Human Papillomavirus in a Prospective Cohort of Men." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4523.

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Introduction: Mucosal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) and is associated with genitals warts, anogenital cancers, and oropharyngeal cancers. Most sexually active persons will become infected with HPV at some point in their lives, however few will develop HPV-related diseases such as warts, lesions, or cancer as a result of the infection. It is unclear why a minority of individuals fail to clear HPV infection and develop clinical disease. Due to initial associations with cervical lesions, much research has focused on women. Th1 type immune responses have been associated with successful response to HPV infection. Factors such as psychological stress and sleep have been associated with immune function. Stress has been associated with cervical lesions, however no study has evaluated effects of stress or sleep on HPV infection. This research sought to examine the associations between perceived stress and sleep problems with HPV prevalence, incidence, and clearance among men. Methods: Men were tested for 37 individual HPV genotypes every 6 months as part of a large natural history study. A total of 426 men were followed over 1 to 4 visits. Perceived stress was measured with a modified 4-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) assessing stress in the past six months and was dichotomized into high (scores in the 4th quartile) and low perceived stress. Self-reported sleep problems were measured by seven likert-scale items and categorized as high (4th quartile of sleep problems scores), moderate (second and third quartiles; reference group), and low (first quartile). Three HPV classifications were examined; men were categorized as positive for 'Any HPV' if they tested positive for any of the 37 HPV genotypes in the study protocol, men were categorized as positive for 'Oncogenic HPV' if they tested positive for any oncogenic HPV type, and men were categorized as positive for 'Non-oncogenic HPV' if they tested positive for any non-oncogenic HPV genotype. In the prevalence analysis, men who had no detectable HPV infection with any of the 37 types were the reference group in all analyses. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance. For HPV clearance and incidence, Cox regression with the robust sandwich estimator was used to calculated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 424 men had genotyping results available for the prevalence analysis. High perceived stress was significantly associated with higher prevalence of any HPV infection [PR =1.33 (95% CI: 1.06-1.68)] and oncogenic HPV infection [PR=1.53 (95% CI: 1.06-2.20)], adjusting for demographics, sexual behavior, and sleep problems. High self-reported sleep problems was significantly associated with higher prevalence of oncogenic HPV infection [PR=1.50 (95% CI:1.01-2.13)], adjusting for demographics, sexual behavior, and perceived stress. Perceived stress and self-reported sleep problems were not associated with incidence of HPV infection. Perceived stress was not significantly associated with clearance of HPV infection overall. Among men 50 and older however, men with high stress were significantly less likely to clear any HPV infection than those with low stress adjusting for demographics, HR=0.09 (95% CI: 0.02-0.49). Compared to men with moderate sleep problems, those with high sleep problems were significantly less likely to clear an infection with any HPV type, HR=0.68 (95% CI: 0.49-0.94), or an oncogenic HPV type, HR=0.51 (95% CI: 0.28-0.94), after adjustment for demographics and perceived stress. Discussion: This is the first study to examine associations between HPV infection with perceived stress and self-reported sleep problems. It is also the largest study to examine associations between these exposures and an infection outcome. Results suggest that perceived stress and self-reported sleep problems have independent effects on HPV. Evaluation of perceived stress, biological indicators of stress, objective measures of sleep, and measurement of immune parameters may aid in further elucidating how stress and sleep disturbance are related to HPV infection. Determination of modifiable factors that can influence HPV infection may aid in the prevention of adverse disease outcomes related to infection with this virus. Examining the impact of factors such as perceived stress and sleep problems on HPV infection may aid in risk stratification of patients and allow more targeted interventions among those most at risk for developing disease.

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Weller, Giselle Schneider. "HPV-Related Stigma." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1178880918.

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31

Chatterjee, Koushik. "A study of host genetic determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, cervical cancer and herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3160.

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Anic, Gabriella. "The Natural History of Human Papillomavirus Related Condyloma In a Multinational Cohort of Men." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2988.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, but few studies have examined the progression from HPV infection to disease in men. Genital condyloma are the most common clinical manifestation of HPV infection. Though not associated with mortality, condyloma are a source of emotional distress, and treatment is often painful with a high recurrence rate. The aims of this study were to examine the distribution of HPV types present on the surface of condyloma, estimate the incidence of condyloma overall and after type-specific HPV infections, assess the sociodemographic and sexual behavior factors independently associated with incident condyloma, and examine the concordance between HPV types detected on the surface and in the tissue of condyloma. Participants included 2,487 men from the United States, Brazil, and Mexico who were enrolled in the prospective HPV in Men (HIM) Study and followed every six months for up to four years. At each study visit men completed a computer-assisted-self-administered risk factor questionnaire and samples of healthy penile skin were obtained to test for HPV DNA. A trained clinician examined men for the presence of condyloma and swabbed the surface of lesions to test for HPV DNA. Men were followed for a median of 17.9 months and 112 incident condyloma were identified. Thirty-four external genital lesions were also biopsied to test for HPV within the lesion tissue. PCR was used to test for HPV DNA and Linear Array was used to genotype 13 oncogenic and 24 non-oncogenic HPV types in samples obtained from swabbing the lesion surface. The LiPa assay was used to genotype 20 HPV types in biopsy samples. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate incidence and Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine factors independently associated with incident condyloma. Using biopsy samples as the gold standard, sensitivity and specificity were calculated to examine concordance between HPV types detected on the surface and within the tissue of condyloma. Condyloma incidence was 2.35 per 1,000 person-years. HPV 6 (43.8%), 11 (10.7%), and 16 (9.8%) were the most common types detected on condyloma. The probability of developing condyloma within 24-months of an incident HPV 6/11 infection was 14.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 7.5-21.1). The median time to condyloma development was 17.1 months (95% CI: 12.4-19.3), with the shortest time to detection observed among men with incident HPV infections with types 6/11 only (6.2 months; 95% CI: 5.6-24.2). Factors associated with condyloma were incident HPV 6/11 infection (hazard ratio (HR) = 12.42; 95% CI: 3.78-40.77), younger age (HR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.26-0.77; 45-70 vs. 18-30 years), high lifetime number of female partners (HR = 5.69; 95% CI: 1.80-17.97); 21 or greater vs. 0), and sexual behaviors in the previous three months including infrequent condom use (HR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.16-5.14;

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Shoultz, David Arthur. "Human papillomavirus (HPV) serum antibodies and their association with clinical manifestations of HPV infection in a cohort of sexually-active women /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10930.

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Schlecht, Nicolas. "Longitudinal relationship between human papillomavirus infection and the incidence and progression of precursor lesions of cervical neoplasia." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84431.

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Introduction. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is now believed to be the central cause of cervical cancer. However, most of the epidemiological evidence has come from retrospective, case-control studies, which do not provide information on the dynamics of a cumulative or persistent HPV infection.
Objectives. (1) To measure the risk of incident neoplastic cervical lesions over time related to prior cumulative and persistent HPV infections. (2) To evaluate the influence of HPV viral burden on lesion risk longitudinally. (3) To estimate the progression rates and sojourn time for precursor squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and how they relate to HPV infection status.
Design and methods. In 1993, the Ludwig-McGill study team began a large longitudinal study of the natural history of HPV infection and cervical neoplasia in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Follow-up involved repeated measurements on individual subjects over time. 2462 women were enrolled into the study and were seen every 4 months in the first year (0, 4, 8 and 12 months), and twice yearly thereafter for a period of up to eight years. In addition to obtaining risk factor information via questionnaire, cervical specimens were taken for Pap cytology and HPV testing at every visit. Statistical analyses entailed: (1) using different modalities for defining HPV persistence by type and intensity; (2) using modeling approaches that take into account the repeated measurements of HPV and SIL over time within individuals; (3) analyzing changes in transition states between different cervical lesion grades and the rate of progression from one state to the next.
Rationale. A longitudinal, repeated measurement cohort investigation, such as this one, permits an accurate and unbiased assessment of the relationship between cumulative HPV exposure and lesion incidence. An elevated relationship between persistent HPV infections and SIL incidence supports the proposal for the application of type-specific molecular HPV DNA testing as a screening tool for the detection of cervical neoplasia. Better understanding of the natural history of disease can help in developing effective and efficient public health programs in prevention for cervical cancer.

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De, Pokomandy Alexandra. "Anal human papillomavirus infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia in HIV-seropositive men having sex with other men." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66710.

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HIV-seropositive men having sex with other men (MSM) are at increased risk for anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and anal cancer. Because most studies on the subject were cross-sectional, longitudinal investigations were needed to improve our understanding of anal carcinogenesis. Objective: To explore the longitudinal dynamics of anal HPV infection and predictors of progression to AIN 2/3 in HIV-infected MSM. Methods: Data from a prospective cohort of HIV-infected MSM in Montreal (the HIPVIRG cohort) were analysed for this thesis. Results: Incidence and clearance rates of anal HPV infection were calculated for each HPV type. The strongest predictor of progression to AIN 2/3 was a low nadir CD4 counts. We also found that a longer time on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was protective against progression. Conclusion: Results from this thesis contributes important knowledge to research of anal HPV and AIN.
Les hommes infectés par le VIH ayant des relations avec des hommes (HARSAH) ont un risque accru d'être infectés par le virus du papillome humain (VPH) au niveau anal et de développer une néoplasie intra épithéliale (AIN) ou un cancer anal. Puisque la majorité des études publiées sur le sujet étaient transversales, des études longitudinales étaient désirées. Objectif : Explorer la dynamique longitudinale de l'infection anale par le VPH et identifier des prédicteurs de la progression vers des lésions AIN de haut-grade. Méthodes: Les données d'une étude de cohorte prospective chez des HARSAH infectés par le VIH (la cohorte HIPVIRG) ont été analysées pour ce mémoire. Résultats: Les taux d'incidence et de clairance du VPH anal ont été calculés pour chaque type de VPH. Un nadir de CD4 très bas a été identifié comme un prédicteur de progression vers un AIN 2 ou 3 alors que la durée de prise des antirétroviraux est protectrice. Conclusion: Les résultats de ce mémoire contribuent des apports de connaissances importants dans la recherche sur le VPH et les lésions AIN.

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黃穎雯 and Weng-man Valerie Wong. "Prevalence, genotypes and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection among women in Macao: a cross-sectional study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42998013.

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Lai, Kai-yan, and 黎啟欣. "Estimating the age-specific risk of human papillomavirus infection andthe effectiveness of cytology screening in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45172523.

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Mbulawa, Zizipho Ziphozakhe Anita. "A study of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and antibody response in heterosexually active South African couples." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10931.

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This study constitutes the first report on type-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) concordance and transmission in heterosexually active couples that are human immunodeficiency (HIV)-seronegative, HIV-seropositive or HIV-discordant and in which 71% of female participants have normal cervical cytology.

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Mandelson, Margaret T. "Cervical cancer : associations with HPV infection, barrier contraceptive use, and Pap smear screening /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10919.

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40

De, Jager Louis Johann. "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cell cycle regulators in preinvasive lesions and invasive carcinomas of the anus." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24497.

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Introduction: Anal cancer is a rare disease which accounts for 1.5% of gastrointestinal tract malignancies. The majority of these carcinomas are squamous cell carcinomas and are associated with high risk-HPV infection. HIV infection appears to interact synergistically with high risk-HPV in the development of squamous cell carcinoma at this site. Aims and objectives: To review the pathology of anal carcinomas and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) diagnosed between 2003 and 2012. To investigate the frequency of high risk-HPV infection and HIV infection in premalignant and malignant epithelial anal lesions using immunohistochemistry and to investigate the effect of these infections on Langerhans cell density. To investigate the role of cell cycle and WNT signalling pathway markers in the pathogenesis of these lesions. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study and 51 cases of anal carcinoma and precursor lesions were identified during the study period. Where possible, blocks which contained normal and dysplastic tissue and invasive carcinoma were selected. Ten immunohistochemical stains (p24, p16, pRb, E-cadherin, CD1a, Langerin, Bcl-2, Ki-67, HPV L1 capsid protein and β-catenin) were performed and scored in normal, dysplastic and carcinomatous tissue. Data were analysed to determine if there were statistically significant differences in the expression of markers in different subtypes of carcinomas, grades of differentiation of carcinomas and in the range from normal to carcinoma. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 24 to 81 years. There were 26 females and 24 males; one patient did not have age or sex information available. Twenty-one cases did not have information available on HIV status. Eleven cases demonstrated squamous cell dysplasia only and 40 cases demonstrated invasive carcinoma, 36 of these being squamous cell carcinomas. p24 was positive in only two known HIVpositive cases. p16 demonstrated block positive staining in 35 out of 36 squamous cell carcinomas and 14 out of 18 high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of pRb-positive cells from well to poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas (p=0.03). HIV status did not influence the expression of markers. The subtype of carcinoma did not have a significant effect on the proportion of pRb-positive cells. Differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma had a significant effect on the E-cadherin expression score (the more well differentiated a carcinoma, the higher the E-cadherin score; p=0.04). There was a significant difference in E-cadherin expression between normal tissue and squamous cell carcinoma, and dysplastic tissue and squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.002 and p=0.004, respectively). Differentiation, subtype of squamous cell carcinoma and HIV status did not influence the density of CD1a/Langerin-positive Langerhans cells. No significant difference in the density of CD1a/Langerin-positive cells was demonstrated amongst normal, dysplastic and squamous cell carcinoma tissue, regardless of HIV status. The differentiation, subtype of squamous cell carcinoma and HIV status, did not have a significant effect on the Bcl-2 expression. There was a significant difference in Bcl-2 expression among normal, dysplastic and cancerous tissue (p=0.02). There was no significant difference in the Ki-67 proliferation index amongst the different subtypes of squamous cell carcinoma and the degrees of differentiation. HPV L1 capsid IHC only stained two squamous cell carcinomas and nine cases with dysplastic squamous epithelium (AIN I and AIN II). There was no case which showed abnormal localisation of β-catenin. Conclusion: Less than 20% of HIV-positive cases showed positive p24 staining. p24 does not appear to be a useful stain to determine HIV status in non-lymphoid tissues. p16 is known to be a surrogate marker for high risk-HPV infection, and the fact that 35 out of 36 squamous cell carcinomas showed block positive staining suggests that the majority of squamous cell carcinomas in this study were associated with high risk-HPV infection. The mean density of CD1a- and Langerin-positive cells was increased in HIVpositive patients. HPV L1 capsid IHC showed a low sensitivity of detecting AIN and invasive SCC of the anus. Including vaccinations against high risk-HPV in the South African Expanded Programme on Immunisation may reduce the burden of anal dysplastic lesions and invasive squamous cell carcinoma in future.

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Robinson, Keira. "Polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex and cervical human papillomavirus infection in a cohort of Montreal university students." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81428.

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Only a minority of women with a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection eventually develop cervical cancer. This suggests a role for immune mechanisms in viral acquisition and clearance, most notably presentation of HPV antigens as mediated by gene products of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex.
A longitudinal cohort investigation of cervical HPV infections was utilized to examine the role of selected HLA class I and II alleles in determining risk of HPV positivity and persistence for students attending McGill and Concordia universities in Montreal. HPV positivity was measured at baseline and then once every six months for a period of two years. Five hundred and fifty-nine women were identified for analysis. Five HLA alleles: B*07, DQB1*03, DQB1*0602, DRB1*13, and DRB1*1501 were typed using DNA extracted from cervical specimens sampled at enrollment.
In multivariate logistic regression analyses DRB1*13 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0-4.0) and DRB1*1501 (OR: 2.1; CI: 1.1-4.1) were associated with HPV 16 positivity. Women with DRB1*13 were also more likely to be positive for high-risk (HR) HPV infections (OR: 1.7; CI: 1.0-2.9), or H PV infection of any type (OR: 1.7; CI: 1.0-2.8). Most associations became stronger in the subset of women restricted on the basis of high likelihood to prior HPV exposure.
These results support the hypothesis that certain HLA class II polymorphisms mediate genetic susceptibility to HPV infection in young women.

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Bennett, Rachel. "Incidence, persistence, and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a population of Inuit women in Nunavik, Québec." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95144.

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Objectives: To study the incidence, persistence, and determinants of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in a population of Inuit women from Nunavik, Quebec by HPV type, Alpha-papillomavirus species, and oncogenic risk grouping. Methods: We recruited a cohort of Inuit women living in communities in Nunavik when they presented for routine care. Baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were collected and cervical specimens collected throughout the follow-up period were tested for HPV-DNA using the PGMY Line-blot assay. Results: Almost 40% of women acquired a new any-type HPV infection, at a rate of 14.44 infections per 1000 women-months (WM). High-risk (HR) HPV infections were acquired at a higher rate than low-risk (LR) infections. HPV-31 was the type with the highest incidence rate, while species alpha-9 had the highest species-specific incidence rate. Multivariate logistic regression found age and marital status to be the most important predictors of infection acquisition across infection categorizations. Only 36.1% of women cleared their incident infections. No predictors of clearance were found. Conclusions: Incidence and persistence of HPV infections were comparable to a population of Canadian university students but are elevated compared to a cohort of randomly selected women in Ontario. Age and markers of sexual activity appear to be risk factors for infection acquisition.
Objectif: Déterminer la fréquence, la persistance et les déterminants du VPH chez les femmes Inuites du Nunavik, Québec par génotype, espèce et potentiel cancérigène. Méthode: Nous avons recruté une cohorte de femmes vivant au Nunavik quand elles se présentaient aux cliniques pour les soins de routine. Des données démographiques et reliées au mode de vie ont été récoltées et les échantillons de cellules du col de l'utérus ont été analysés à l'aide du PGMY Line blot assay afin de détecter de l'ADN-VPH. Résultats: Près de 40% des femmes ont acquis une infection avec le VPH, à un taux de 14.44 infections par 1000 mois-femmes. Les infections à haut-risque ont été acquises plus fréquemment que les infections à bas-risque. Le type et l'espèce ayant les taux les plus élevés était le VPH-31 et l'alpha-9 respectivement. Une analyse de régression logistique multivariée a révélé que l'âge et l'état matrimonial sont associés à l'infection au VPH. Seulement 36.1% des femmes ont éliminés l'infection acquise pendant la période d'observation. Aucun déterminant associé avec l'élimination du VPH ne fut identifié. Conclusion: La fréquence et la persistance des infections au VPH sont élevées comparé à la population générale de Canada mais comparable à une population universitaire. L'âge et les marqueurs d'activité sexuelle sont des facteurs de risque pour l'infection au VPH. fr

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Rousseau, Marie-Claude 1969. "Risk factors for incident cervical human papillomavirus infection in women in a high-risk area for cervical cancer." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20282.

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the sexually-transmitted etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Despite screening programs, cervical cancer remains too common, particularly in developing countries. Various correlates of prevalent infections have been identified. However, the determinants of incident infections have never been studied.
Data were collected during a prospective cohort study conducted in Brazil. Incidence density rates of infection were calculated and determinants of incident infection were identified using Cox regression models. Analyses were done for HPV types classified into low-risk and high-risk depending on their association with cervical neoplasia.
The incidence density rates were 9.3 and 7.6 per 1000 women-months respectively for low-risk and high-risk HPV infection. Independent positive associations were found between the time of first occurrence of low-risk infection and age, number of sexual partners in the past 5 years, education level and use of non-commercial hygienic absorbents. The first occurrence of high-risk infection was independently predicted by age, age at first sexual intercourse, condom use (negative associations) and by the number of sexual partners in the past year (positive association). Elucidation of the dynamics of infection is a first step towards implementation of public health programs for reducing the risk of cervical cancer.

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Rousseau, Marie-Claude. "Risk factors for incident cervical human papillomavirus infection in women in a high-risk area for cervical cancer." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ44263.pdf.

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Phoolcharoen, Natacha, Nuttavut Kantathavorn, Thaniya Sricharunrat, Siriporn Saeloo, and Waraphorn Krongthong. "A population-based study of cervical cytology findings and human papillomavirus infection in a suburban area of Thailand." Elsevier B.V, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622516.

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O'Keefe, Elissa J., and n/a. "Young, sexually active, senior high school women in the australian Capital Territory: prevalence and risk factors for genital Human papillomavirus infection." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060410.140559.

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An association between persistent Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women and cervical cancer has been established. Young women are particularly at risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections such as HPV because of risky sexual activity and physiological immaturity. While at risk though, young women have been shown to be amenable to health promoting initiatives. There are a small number of international studies concerning adolescent HPV infection and the risk factors associated with infection, but there is currently no evidence on the prevalence and risk factors for HPV in an Australian, sexually active female adolescent population. This study aimed to provide evidence of the prevalence of HPV, risk factors associated with infection and the patterns of sexual activity in a female sexually active, senior high school population in the Australian Capital Territory. Participants in this study were a convenience sample of 161 sexually active 16-19 year old females who had an HPV test who were attending a senior high school in the Australian Capital Territory. Nurses and doctors using a clinical record collected information about sexual and other risk behaviours. Self-obtained vaginal swabs were tested for HPV DNA using the polymerase chain reaction method and genotyping was undertaken. The HPV prevalence in this cohort of young women was 1 1.2%. High-risk genotypes were found in 55.5% and multiple genotypes were found in 38.8%. There was a significant association found between HPV infection and having had more than one male partner with whom vaginal intercourse had occurred in the previous six months. No statistically significant association was found between HPV and the age of coitarche, length of time young women had been sexually active, condom use, and smoking or alcohol intake. A young age at coitarche was common for this group. Smoking and alcohol use was seen in large proportions in this group. This is the first Australian study that has examined the prevalence and risk factors for genital HPV in this demographic group. The HPV prevalence is lower than in international studies in comparable groups, in similar age groups and much lower than in older women both in Australia and overseas. With the comparatively low prevalence comes an opportunity for important public health interventions for this group including routine Pap smears, vaccination against the high-risk types of HPV when this becomes available and strategies for young women to reduce their number of male sexual partners. A substantial amount of young women in this study were sexually active aged under 16 years. Whilst this was not identified as being a risk factor in this study, it is both a health and personal safety issue for these young women. There is a demonstrated need for health promotion strategies for this cohort about the consumption of safe levels of alcohol and for smoking cessation. Further research is recommended that includes a repetition of this study with a larger sample, the use of a prospective study design to identify trends in infection and examination of HPV prevalence and risk factors for a variety of populations.

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Jeffries, Anne. "Cervical Infection with high risk Human Papillomavirus Anogenital Subtypes in Indigenous Women in Alta and Baja Vera Paz Guatemala." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3754.

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Cervical cancer, caused by oncogenic (high risk [hr]) human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes, is the most common cancer in women in Guatemala and the most common cause of cancer mortality in women aged 15-44 years. Visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) with onsite cryotherapy “test-and-treat” is recommended for underserved Guatemalan indigenous rural women. This research assessed: 1) hrHPV infection prevalence in women screened by VIA; 2) Sensitivity and specificity of VIA in detecting hrHPV infection and cytologically identified precancerous and cancerous lesions; and 3) Factors associated with hrHPV infection. Analysis of anonymous data collected during VIA clinics in 2013 (N = 205) and 2017 (N = 234) for indigenous women aged 21-65 years in six villages showed 22.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]=18.7%-27.2%) had hrHPV cervical infection. VIA results were abnormal in 5.9% (95%CI=3.8%-8.8%). Only nine VIA exams in 89 women with hrHPV were abnormal (Sensitivity=10.1%, 95%CI=4.7%-18.3%), although abnormal VIA was associated with hrHPV (Prevalence Ratio [PR])=1.8; 95%CI=1.1-3.1; P=.05). Of 221 women who had VIA, hrHPV nucleic acid testing and liquid preparation cytology (equivalent to Papanicolaou or “Pap”) testing, 10 (4.7% [95%CI=2.3%-8.5%]) had abnormal cytological results, including one cancer, four high- and five low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. VIA sensitivity and specificity for detection of precancerous cytological abnormalities and cancerous lesions were 20.0% (95%CI=2.5%-55.6%) and 96.0% (95%CI=92.3%-98.3%) respectively. In contrast, hrHPV sensitivity and specificity were 100% (95%CI=71.7%-100%) and 88.7% (95%CI: 83.9%-92.7%). In both years combined, women aged fewer than 29 years or reporting fewer than four pregnancies were more likely to have hrHPV cervical infection (36.8%, 27.3%, respectively) than those who were older or reported more pregnancies (18.7; P=.025, respectively); 60.0% reported some form of modern contraception. Progesterone injections or implant users were more likely to have hrHPV infection (31.9%) than women using other or no contraceptives (19.5%); PR=1.6; 95%CI=1.1-2.4; P=.01). These data suggest that VIA may not be sufficiently sensitive for use in cervical cancer screening. “Test-and-treat” screening using hrHPV real-time testing, as recommended by the World Health Organization may be preferable to VIA, and may be acceptable using self-collected specimens.

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Konopnicki, Deborah. "Infection with high risk Human Papillomavirus (HRHPV) among HIV-positive women: epidemiology, natural history and impact of combined antiretroviral therapy." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209264.

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L’infection persistante par les papillomavirus (HPV) dits « à haut risque » induit le cancer du col. Chez les femmes infectées par le VIH, les infections par ces HPV oncogènes et les lésions associées, allant des dysplasies au cancer invasif, sont plus fréquentes, plus sévères et de moins bon pronostic que chez les femmes non porteuses du VIH. Etonnamment, alors qu’il a été clairement établi que l’importance de la pathologie liée à HPV est directement proportionnelle au degré d’immunodépression des patientes porteuses du VIH, il n’a pas pu être démontré qu’un traitement antirétroviral efficace contre le VIH permettant d’améliorer l’immunité, diminue l’infection par ces HPV.

Entre janvier 2002 et décembre 2012, nous avons constitué une cohorte prospective de dépistage et de suivi de l’infection cervicale par HPV à haut risque incluant plus de 900 femmes traitées à la consultation du Centre de Référence SIDA de l’hôpital Saint-Pierre. Nos résultats montrent que chez ces femmes pour la plupart d’origine Africaine et traitée avec succès pour le VIH depuis plusieurs années, la prévalence et l’incidence de l’infection par HPV oncogène sont beaucoup plus importantes que dans la population belge générale ou que chez les femmes séropositives vivant dans d’autres pays occidentaux. Grâce à un suivi longitudinal de plusieurs années, nous avons pu démontrer que le risque d’être infectée par un HPV oncogène est significativement réduit sous trithérapie anti-VIH sous réserve d’obtenir une charge virale indétectable à <50 cp/ml pendant plus de 3 ans ou une restauration immunitaire à >500 lymphocytes CD4+/µL pendant plus d’un an et demi. Ces résultats ont été confirmés dans l’analyse que nous avons faite sur les nombreuses dysplasies cervicales également retrouvées dans notre cohorte. Enfin, nous avons trouvé que la distribution des génotypes d’HPV de nos patientes est similaire à celle trouvée en Afrique sub-saharienne impliquant que la couverture offerte par les vaccins anti-HPV varie entre moins de 30% pour les vaccins bi- ou quadrivalent actuellement disponibles à 80% pour le vaccin nanovalent en développement. Notre travail met en lumière l’étendue particulièrement importante de l’infection par HPV à haut risque chez les femmes séropositives vivant en Belgique et offre de nouveaux éléments de réflexion afin d’adapter à leurs particularités les recommandations belges et les critères de remboursement à la fois pour le dépistage du cancer cervical et la vaccination anti-HPV.

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Persistent infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) called “at high risk” induces cervical cancer. In HIV-positive women, infection with these oncogenic HPV and HPV-induced lesions ranging from cervical dysplasia to invasive cancer are more frequent, more severe and have a worst outcome than in HIV-negative women. An intriguing paradox is that, although it has been clearly demonstrated that high risk HPV infection and associated diseases are increased by progressive immune deficiency, the introduction of efficient therapy against HIV leading to improved immunity has not been associated with a decrease in oncogenic HPV infection or HPV-induced lesions.

Between January 2002 and December 2012, we have built a prospective cohort to screen and follow-up cervical infection by high risk HPV in more than 900 women treated for HIV in the AIDS Reference centre of Saint-Pierre Hospital. We have shown that among these women mainly from Sub-Saharan African origin and successfully treated for HIV for several years, the prevalence and incidence rate of high risk HPV are much higher than in the general population from Belgium or in HIV-positive women from other western countries. After several years of longitudinal follow up, we have demonstrated that the risk of infection by oncogenic HPV is significantly reduced by efficient therapy against HIV provided that HIV viral load has been sustainly suppressed below 50 cp/ml for more than 3 years or that immunity has been increased more than 500 CD4+T cells/µl for more than 1.5 years. These results have been confirmed in the analysis on cervical dysplasia which is also very prevalent in our cohort. At last, we have found that the HPV genotype distribution in our population is very similar to the one found in Sub-Saharan Africa. We have estimated that the coverage offered by the vaccines against HPV in our cohort is less than 30% for the currently available bi- or quadrivalent vaccine but reaches 80% with the future nanovalent vaccine. Our results highlight many differences in the HPV infection and associated diseases in HIV-positive women compared to HIV-negative women; these differences should be taken into account to adapt to our specific population the current Belgian guidelines or the reimbursement criteria on cervical screening and on vaccines against HPV.

Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Fernandes, Rachel. "The Perceptions of University and Immigrant Women Aged 18 to 25 About the Human papillomavirus Vaccines: A Cross-sectional Study." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30546.

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Persistent infection with certain subtypes of Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer, the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Uptake of HPV vaccines in the targeted Canadian female population has been lower than anticipated. This study’s primary objective was to determine undergraduate women’s perceptions about HPV vaccination. A total of 401 female University of Ottawa undergraduate students completed a newly developed cross-sectional web survey. The prevalence of HPV vaccination was 49%. While the overall attitude towards receiving the vaccine was positive, vaccinated respondents had more favorable attitudes toward the vaccine. Lack of vaccine knowledge and cost were the primary barriers that have prevented HPV vaccination among non-vaccinated respondents. Offering HPV vaccination for women aged 18 to 25 presents a strategy for addressing suboptimal vaccination coverage in the targeted female population and may reduce health inequities demonstrated by variations in cervical cancer incidence within jurisdictions.

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Barnabas, Ruanne V. "Mathematical modelling of the natural history of human papillomavirus infection and cervical carcinoma : the impact of intervention strategies on disease incidence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413982.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Human papillomavirus infection'

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