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Journal articles on the topic 'Human-modified landscapes'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Gloria Karina Pérez-Elissetche, José D. Ordóñez-Gómez, Arturo González-Zamora, Óscar M. Chaves, Sònia Sánchez-López, Colin A. Chapman, Karenina Morales-Hernández, Miriam Pablo-Rodríguez, and Gabriel Ramos-Fernández. "Spider Monkeys in Human-Modified Landscapes." Tropical Conservation Science 10 (January 2017): 194008291771978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082917719788.

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2

Tabarelli, Marcelo, Bráulio Almeida Santos, Victor Arroyo-Rodríguez, and Felipe Pimentel Lopes De Melo. "Secondary forests as biodiversity repositories in human-modified landscapes: insights from the Neotropics." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 7, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v7i3.593.

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In this essay we examine some of the processes affecting the composition and structure of tree species assemblages and, consequently, what we can expect from secondary-forest stands as an element of human-modified landscapes and as an opportunity for biodiversity persistence in this ecological context. Based on the available information, it is reasonable to predict that in some landscapes or biotas: (1) small forest remnants degenerate and support plant assemblages with attributes similar to those observed in early and intermediate-aged regenerating stands, while secondary-forest stands move from initial to more advanced successional stages; (2) collectively, remnant/stand attributes and landscape integrity define the pace through which degeneration proceeds, but also the potential for regeneration; (3) at the landscape spatial scale, remnants and stands tend to converge in terms of structure, but also in terms of taxonomic and functional composition. In other words, remnants degenerate and secondary-forest stands regenerate toward a sort of ‘climax community’, which is conditioned by the physical and biological integrity of both patch and landscape. Considering secondary forests in the conceptual, ecological and spatial framework of human-modified landscapes may help us to understand and maximize the conservation services provided by this habitat as it proliferates through human-modified landscapes.

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3

Brearley, Grant, Jonathan Rhodes, Adrian Bradley, Greg Baxter, Leonie Seabrook, Daniel Lunney, Yan Liu, and Clive McAlpine. "Wildlife disease prevalence in human-modified landscapes." Biological Reviews 88, no. 2 (December 22, 2012): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12009.

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4

Filgueiras, Bruno K. C., Carlos A. Peres, Felipe P. L. Melo, Inara R. Leal, and Marcelo Tabarelli. "Winner–Loser Species Replacements in Human-Modified Landscapes." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 36, no. 6 (June 2021): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.006.

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5

McGlade, James. "Archaeology and the ecodynamics of human-modified landscapes." Antiquity 69, no. 262 (March 1995): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00064346.

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First generation modelling of cultural systems, as applied in archaeology, frequently invoked linear, deterministic relationships as well as privileging concepts such as stability and an assumed cumulative evolution towards increasing complexity. But can the world of human affairs with its numerous reversals and unintended consequences really be captured by such models? Recent advances in the natural sciences have demonstrated the central role of non-linear phenomena, discontinuities and unpredictable breaks from established patterns and events. It is argued that such findings can form the basis for a new theoretical framework, human ecodynamics.

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Härtel, Stephan, and Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter. "Ecology: Honey Bee Foraging in Human-Modified Landscapes." Current Biology 24, no. 11 (June 2014): R524—R526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.052.

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Peres, Carlos A., Toby A. Gardner, Jos Barlow, Jansen Zuanon, Fernanda Michalski, Alexander C. Lees, Ima C. G. Vieira, Fatima M. S. Moreira, and Kenneth J. Feeley. "Biodiversity conservation in human-modified Amazonian forest landscapes." Biological Conservation 143, no. 10 (October 2010): 2314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.01.021.

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Stronen, Astrid V., Nathalie Tessier, Hélène Jolicoeur, Paul C. Paquet, Michel Hénault, Mario Villemure, Brent R. Patterson, Tim Sallows, Gloria Goulet, and François-Joseph Lapointe. "Canid hybridization: contemporary evolution in human-modified landscapes." Ecology and Evolution 2, no. 9 (July 25, 2012): 2128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.335.

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9

Aly, Dalia, Doaa K. Hassan, Shaimaa Mohamed Kamel, and Johannes Hamhaber. "Human Needs as an Approach to Designed Landscapes." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 8 (April 23, 2018): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.03.

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The traditional approach of landscape architecture has always focused on the aesthetic and visual aspects of landscapes while giving less attention to other aspects. This view has limited the benefits that can be derived from designed landscapes, despite the wide-ranging potential they carry for humans; socially, environmentally and economically. As a result, many researchers and practitioners are currently challenging this view to develop a more holistic and multidimensional approach. The present research therefore aims at proposing a new perspective for public designed landscapes based on fundamental human needs. The study methodology was comprised of critical content analysis for three main domains: sustainable development, human needs in specific relation to public landscapes, and significant approaches to fundamental human needs. Reconciliation among these domains was achieved based on a modified version of Max-Neef’s matrix of fundamental human needs. Human needs in public landscapes were merged into the matrix to reach a comprehensive yet specific perspective. The study concluded with a conceptual framework that can provide a wider perspective to human needs in designed landscapes. It proposes a new tool for the analysis of the benefits of public landscapes and their value for humans, which can be further used in various applications.

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10

Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Felipe P. L. Melo, Marcelo Tabarelli, and Ricardo R. Rodrigues. "Restoration Reserves as Biodiversity Safeguards in Human-Modified Landscapes." Natureza & Conservação 11, no. 2 (2013): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2013.029.

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11

Arroyo‐Rodríguez, Víctor, Lenore Fahrig, Marcelo Tabarelli, James I. Watling, Lutz Tischendorf, Maíra Benchimol, Eliana Cazetta, et al. "Designing optimal human‐modified landscapes for forest biodiversity conservation." Ecology Letters 23, no. 9 (June 15, 2020): 1404–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.13535.

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12

Sodhi, Navjot S., Lian Pin Koh, Reuben Clements, Thomas C. Wanger, Jane K. Hill, Keith C. Hamer, Yann Clough, Teja Tscharntke, Mary Rose C. Posa, and Tien Ming Lee. "Conserving Southeast Asian forest biodiversity in human-modified landscapes." Biological Conservation 143, no. 10 (October 2010): 2375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.12.029.

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13

Parkos, Joseph J., and Joel C. Trexler. "Origins of functional connectivity in a human-modified wetland landscape." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 71, no. 9 (September 2014): 1418–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2013-0553.

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Spatial heterogeneity in habitat conditions within a landscape should influence degree of movement of species between natural and artificial environments. For wetland landscapes, this functional connectivity was predicted to emerge from the influence of spatiotemporal patterns of depth on permeability of habitat edges and distance and directedness of cross-habitat dispersal. We quantified how connectivity between canals and marshes of the Florida Everglades varies with species and landscape patterns bordering canals by using radio telemetry to measure movement of a native (Florida largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides floridanus) and a nonnative species (Mayan cichlid, Cichlasoma urophthalmus) common to canals. Both species moved similar distances inside canal networks, but Mayan cichlids dispersed outside of canals more frequently, at shallower conditions, and over greater distances than Florida largemouth bass. As topographic relief increased in marshes bordering canals, dispersal between these habitats decreased in distance and became more directed, with Florida largemouth bass sensitive to depth variability at a smaller spatial scale than Mayan cichlids. The way fish traits interact with submerged landscape structure to influence connectivity can serve as a basis for predicting potential impacts of artificial habitats that arise from dispersal outside their borders.

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Gonçalves, Leila J. B., Edgar E. Santo-Silva, Maria Fabíola Barros, Kátia F. Rito, Inara R. Leal, and Marcelo Tabarelli. "The palm Syagrus coronata proliferates and structures vascular epiphyte assemblages in a human-modified landscape of the Caatinga dry forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 36, no. 3 (May 2020): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467420000073.

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AbstractThe proliferation of disturbance-adapted species in human-modified landscapes may change the structure of plant communities, but the response of biodiversity to human disturbances remains poorly understood. We examine the proliferation of the palm, Syagrus coronata, in disturbed forest stands and its impacts on the structure of vascular epiphyte assemblages in a human-modified landscape of Brazilian Caatinga dry forest. First, we compared S. coronata density between old-growth and regenerating forest stands. We then surveyed vascular epiphytes on 680 phorophytes (S. coronata and non-palm/control species) across five habitat types with different disturbance levels. There was an eight-fold increase in S. coronata density in regenerating areas compared with in old-growth forest. Syagrus coronota supported richer epiphyte assemblages at local (i.e. per palm) and landscape (i.e. pooling all palms) scale than control phorophytes, supporting more than 11 times the number of species of control phorophytes at both scales. Epiphyte assemblages were more abundant, species-rich and dominated by abiotically dispersed species in forest sites with intermediate disturbance levels (regenerating forest stands). More than simply operating as an exclusive phorophyte for more than 90% of the epiphyte species we recorded here, S. coronata favours epiphyte persistence and structures their assemblages across human-modified landscapes of the Caatinga forest.

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Magioli, Marcelo, Marcelo Zacharias Moreira, Renata Cristina Batista Fonseca, Milton Cezar Ribeiro, Márcia Gonçalves Rodrigues, and Katia Maria Paschoaletto Micchi de Ferraz. "Human-modified landscapes alter mammal resource and habitat use and trophic structure." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 37 (August 26, 2019): 18466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904384116.

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The broad negative consequences of habitat degradation on biodiversity have been studied, but the complex effects of natural–agricultural landscape matrices remain poorly understood. Here we used stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes to detect changes in mammal resource and habitat use and trophic structure between preserved areas and human-modified landscapes (HMLs) in a biodiversity hot spot in South America. We classified mammals into trophic guilds and compared resource use (in terms of C3- and C4-derived carbon), isotopic niches, and trophic structure across the 2 systems. In HMLs, approximately one-third of individuals fed exclusively on items from the agricultural matrix (C4), while in preserved areas, ∼68% depended on forest remnant resources (C3). Herbivores, omnivores, and carnivores were the guilds that most incorporated C4carbon in HMLs. Frugivores maintained the same resource use between systems (C3resources), while insectivores showed no significant difference. All guilds in HMLs except insectivores presented larger isotopic niches than those in preserved areas. We observed a complex trophic structure in preserved areas, with increasing δ15N values from herbivores to insectivores and carnivores, differing from that in HMLs. This difference is partially explained by species loss and turnover and mainly by the behavioral plasticity of resilient species that use nitrogen-enriched food items. We concluded that the landscape cannot be seen as a habitat/nonhabitat dichotomy because the agricultural landscape matrix in HMLs provides mammal habitat and opportunities for food acquisition. Thus, favorable management of the agricultural matrix and slowing the conversion of forests to agriculture are important for conservation in this region.

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Yabsley, Samantha H., Jessica Meade, John M. Martin, and Justin A. Welbergen. "Human-modified landscapes provide key foraging areas for a threatened flying mammal: The grey-headed flying-fox." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): e0259395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259395.

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Urban expansion is a major threat to natural ecosystems but also creates novel opportunities that adaptable species can exploit. The grey-headed flying-fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) is a threatened, highly mobile species of bat that is increasingly found in human-dominated landscapes, leading to many management and conservation challenges. Flying-fox urbanisation is thought to be a result of diminishing natural foraging habitat or increasing urban food resources, or both. However, little is known about landscape utilisation of flying-foxes in human-modified areas, and how this may differ in natural areas. Here we examine positional data from 98 satellite-tracked P. poliocephalus for up to 5 years in urban and non-urban environments, in relation to vegetation data and published indices of foraging habitat quality. Our findings indicate that human-modified foraging landscapes sustain a large proportion of the P. poliocephalus population year-round. When individuals roosted in non-urban and minor-urban areas, they relied primarily on wet and dry sclerophyll forest, forested wetlands, and rainforest for foraging, and preferentially visited foraging habitat designated as high-quality. However, our results highlight the importance of human-modified foraging habitats throughout the species’ range, and particularly for individuals that roosted in major-urban environments. The exact plant species that exist in human-modified habitats are largely undocumented; however, where this information was available, foraging by P. poliocephalus was associated with different dominant plant species depending on whether individuals roosted in ‘urban’ or ‘non-urban’ areas. Overall, our results demonstrate clear differences in urban- and non-urban landscape utilisation by foraging P. poliocephalus. However, further research is needed to understand the exact foraging resources used, particularly in human-modified habitats, and hence what attracts flying-foxes to urban areas. Such information could be used to modify the urban foraging landscape, to assist long-term habitat management programs aimed at minimising human-wildlife conflict and maximising resource availability within and outside of urban environments.

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17

Navarro, Ana Beatriz, Marcelo Magioli, Juliano André Bogoni, Marcelo Zacharias Moreira, Luís Fábio Silveira, Eduardo Roberto Alexandrino, Daniela Tomasio Apolinario da Luz, et al. "Human-modified landscapes narrow the isotopic niche of neotropical birds." Oecologia 196, no. 1 (April 9, 2021): 171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-04908-9.

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18

Salinas-Melgoza, Alejandro, Vicente Salinas-Melgoza, and Timothy F. Wright. "Behavioral plasticity of a threatened parrot in human-modified landscapes." Biological Conservation 159 (March 2013): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.12.013.

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19

Simião-Ferreira, Juliana, Denis Silva Nogueira, Anna Claudia Santos, Paulo De Marco, and Ronaldo Angelini. "Multi-scale Homogenization of Caddisfly Metacomminities in Human-modified Landscapes." Environmental Management 61, no. 4 (February 5, 2018): 687–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-017-0989-y.

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20

Padilla, Benjamin Juan, and Chris Sutherland. "Defining dual-axis landscape gradients of human influence for studying ecological processes." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): e0252364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252364.

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Ecological processes are strongly shaped by human landscape modification, and understanding the reciprocal relationship between ecosystems and modified landscapes is critical for informed conservation. Single axis measures of spatial heterogeneity proliferate in the contemporary gradient ecology literature, though they are unlikely to capture the complexity of ecological responses. Here, we develop a standardized approach for defining multi-dimensional gradients of human influence in heterogeneous landscapes and demonstrate this approach to analyze landscape characteristics of ten ecologically distinct US cities. Using occupancy data of a common human-adaptive songbird collected in each of the cities, we then use our dual-axis gradients to evaluate the utility of our approach. Spatial analysis of landscapes surrounding ten US cities revealed two important axes of variation that are intuitively consistent with the characteristics of multi-use landscapes, but are often confounded in single axis gradients. These were, a hard-to-soft gradient, representing transition from developed areas to non-structural soft areas; and brown-to-green, differentiating between two dominant types of soft landscapes: agriculture (brown) and natural areas (green). Analysis of American robin occurrence data demonstrated that occupancy responds to both hard-to-soft (decreasing with development intensity) and brown-to-green gradient (increasing with more natural area). Overall, our results reveal striking consistency in the dominant sources of variation across ten geographically distinct cities and suggests that our approach advances how we relate variation in ecological responses to human influence. Our case study demonstrates this: robins show a remarkably consistent response to a gradient differentiating agricultural and natural areas, but city-specific responses to the more traditional gradient of development intensity, which would be overlooked with a single gradient approach. Managing ecological communities in human dominated landscapes is extremely challenging due to a lack of standardized approaches and a general understanding of how socio-ecological systems function, and our approach offers promising solutions.

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Seaman, Dave J. I., Maria Voigt, Greta Bocedi, Justin M. J. Travis, Stephen C. F. Palmer, Marc Ancrenaz, Serge Wich, et al. "Orangutan movement and population dynamics across human-modified landscapes: implications of policy and management." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 10 (June 26, 2021): 2957–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01286-8.

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Abstract Context Agricultural expansion is a leading cause of deforestation and habitat fragmentation globally. Policies that support biodiversity and facilitate species movement across farmland are therefore central to sustainability efforts and wildlife conservation in these human-modified landscapes. Objectives We investigated the conservation impact of several potential management scenarios on animal populations and movement in a human-modified tropical landscape, focusing on the critically endangered Bornean orangutan, Pongo pygmaeus. Methods We used an individual-based modelling platform to simulate population dynamics and movements across four possible landscape management scenarios for a highly modified oil palm-dominated landscape in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Results Scenarios that maximised the retention of natural forest remnants in agricultural areas through sustainability certification standards supported stable orangutan populations. These populations were up to 45% larger than those supported under development-focused scenarios, where forest retention was not prioritised. The forest remnants served as corridors or stepping-stones, increasing annual emigration rates across the landscape, and reducing orangutan mortality by up to 11%. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that this outcome was highly contingent on minimising mortality during dispersal. Conclusions Management that promotes maximising natural forest cover through certification, such as that promoted by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, can maintain viable orangutan populations over the lifespan of an oil palm plantation and facilitate movement among otherwise isolated populations. However, minimising hunting and negative human–orangutan interactions, while promoting peaceful co-existence between apes and people, will be imperative to insure positive conservation outcomes.

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Ferreira, Aluane Silva, Carlos A. Peres, Pavel Dodonov, and Camila Righetto Cassano. "Multi-scale mammal responses to agroforestry landscapes in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: the conservation value of forest and traditional shade plantations." Agroforestry Systems 94, no. 6 (October 3, 2020): 2331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-020-00553-y.

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AbstractThe future of tropical forest biodiversity will largely depend on human-modified landscapes. We investigated how medium- to large-bodied mammals respond to factors at local (habitat type), intermediate (land use heterogeneity, forest cover and human population density) and large spatial scales (overall forest cover) in agroforestry landscapes. We surveyed mammals using camera traps in traditional cacao agroforests (cabrucas), intensified cacao agroforests, and forest remnants within two large Atlantic Forest landscapes of southern Bahia, Brazil, representing both high and low forest cover. At the local scale, habitat types differed in their potential to harbour mammal species, with forest remnants and cabrucas showing high conservation value, mainly under contexts of high forest cover, whereas intensified cacao agroforests contained less diversified species assemblages in both landscapes. At intermediate scales, species richness increased with increasing forest cover around forest remnants and intensified cacao agroforests, but the opposite was observed in cabrucas. The effects of human population density were ubiquitous but species-dependent. At the largest scale, species richness was higher in the most forested landscape, highlighting the imperative of maintaining forest remnants to retain forest-dwelling mammals in human-dominated landscapes. We claim that mammal conservation strategies require a multi-scale approach and that no single strategy is likely to maximize persistence of all species. Some species can routinely use traditional agroforests, and a large fraction of mammal diversity can be maintained even if high canopy-cover agroforestry dominates the landscape. Nevertheless, forest patches and highly forested landscapes are essential to ensure the persistence of forest-dwelling and game species.

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Milheiras, Sérgio G., Marcelino Guedes, Fernando Augusto Barbosa Silva, Perseu Aparício, and Georgina M. Mace. "Patterns of biodiversity response along a gradient of forest use in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil." PeerJ 8 (February 11, 2020): e8486. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8486.

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The preservation of tropical forests is increasingly at risk, including forests located within human-modified landscapes that retain high conservation value. People modify and interact with these landscapes through a wide range of uses. However, our knowledge of how different forest uses affect biodiversity is limited. Here, we analyse the responses of different taxa to four distinct categories of forest management, namely old-growth forest, Brazil nut extraction areas, reduced impact logging areas, and eucalyptus plantations. Within six independent replicates of each category, we sampled three taxa (fruit-feeding butterflies, dung beetles, and trees) in eastern Amazonia. Forests under moderate use (Brazil nut extraction and reduced-impact logging) had similar, albeit slightly lower, diversity levels relative to old-growth forests, while communities in plantations were significantly less diverse. Only 4%, 20%, and 17%, of the sampled butterfly, dung beetle, and tree species, respectively, were restricted to old-growth forests. This study provides further empirical evidence of the importance of old-growth forest conservation in the context of human-modified landscapes. It also suggests that landscape matrices integrating forest uses at varying intensities are well positioned to reconcile biodiversity conservation with the production of goods that support local livelihoods.

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Kuijper, D. P. J., E. Sahlén, B. Elmhagen, S. Chamaillé-Jammes, H. Sand, K. Lone, and J. P. G. M. Cromsigt. "Paws without claws? Ecological effects of large carnivores in anthropogenic landscapes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1841 (October 26, 2016): 20161625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1625.

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Large carnivores are frequently presented as saviours of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning through their creation of trophic cascades, an idea largely based on studies coming primarily out of relatively natural landscapes. However, in large parts of the world, particularly in Europe, large carnivores live in and are returning to strongly human-modified ecosystems. At present, we lack a coherent framework to predict the effects of large carnivores in these anthropogenic landscapes. We review how human actions influence the ecological roles of large carnivores by affecting their density or behaviour or those of mesopredators or prey species. We argue that the potential for density-mediated trophic cascades in anthropogenic landscapes is limited to unproductive areas where even low carnivore numbers may impact prey densities or to the limited parts of the landscape where carnivores are allowed to reach ecologically functional densities. The potential for behaviourally mediated trophic cascades may be larger and more widespread, because even low carnivore densities affect prey behaviour. We conclude that predator–prey interactions in anthropogenic landscapes will be highly context-dependent and human actions will often attenuate the ecological effects of large carnivores. We highlight the knowledge gaps and outline a new research avenue to study the role of carnivores in anthropogenic landscapes.

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Tabarelli, Marcelo. "Tropical Biodiversity in Human-Modified Landscapes: What is our Trump Card?" Biotropica 42, no. 5 (September 2010): 553–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00678.x.

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Solar, Ricardo Ribeiro de Castro, Jos Barlow, Joice Ferreira, Erika Berenguer, Alexander C. Lees, James R. Thomson, Júlio Louzada, et al. "How pervasive is biotic homogenization in human-modified tropical forest landscapes?" Ecology Letters 18, no. 10 (August 24, 2015): 1108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ele.12494.

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Penteriani, Vincenzo, María Del Mar Delgado, Miha Krofel, Klemen Jerina, Andrés Ordiz, Fredrik Dalerum, Alejandra Zarzo-Arias, and Giulia Bombieri. "Evolutionary and ecological traps for brown bearsUrsus arctosin human-modified landscapes." Mammal Review 48, no. 3 (April 5, 2018): 180–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mam.12123.

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Borda-Niño, Mónica, Diego Hernández-Muciño, and Eliane Ceccon. "Planning restoration in human-modified landscapes: New insights linking different scales." Applied Geography 83 (June 2017): 118–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2017.03.012.

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Martínez-Ramos, Miguel, Aline Pingarroni, Jorge Rodríguez-Velázquez, Lilibeth Toledo-Chelala, Isela Zermeño-Hernández, and Frans Bongers. "Natural forest regeneration and ecological restoration in human-modified tropical landscapes." Biotropica 48, no. 6 (November 2016): 745–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12382.

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Latimer, Christopher E., and Benjamin Zuckerberg. "Forest fragmentation alters winter microclimates and microrefugia in human-modified landscapes." Ecography 40, no. 1 (September 23, 2016): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02551.

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Morales-González, Ana, Héctor Ruiz-Villar, Andrés Ordiz, and Vincenzo Penteriani. "Large carnivores living alongside humans: Brown bears in human-modified landscapes." Global Ecology and Conservation 22 (June 2020): e00937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00937.

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Martínez-Ruiz, Marisela, Miguel A. De Labra-Hernández, Fernando César Gonçalves Bonfim, and Eliana Cazetta. "Influence of Landscape Structure on Toucans and Parrots in the Fragmented Landscape of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico." Tropical Conservation Science 14 (January 2021): 194008292110499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211049999.

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Background and Research Aims: Habitat amount plays an important role in determining the presence and abundance of bird species in modified landscapes, whereas habitat fragmentation has shown little effects. Toucans (Ramphastidae) and parrots (Psittacidae) are large-bodied primary consumers and among the most representative birds in Neotropical forests. They are highly sensitive to habitat loss; nevertheless, their response to fragmentation has been poorly assessed leading to contradictory results. Here, we evaluate the influence of landscape structure on toucans and parrots in the tropical forest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Methods: We censused birds in 12 landscapes of Los Tuxtlas and used a multi-scale landscape approach to assess the influence of landscape composition and configuration on the number of individuals of toucans and parrots. Results: We found that the most important and positive predictor of toucans and parrots was the amount of primary forest cover in the landscape. Forest fragmentation had positive effects on the number of toucan individuals, whereas parrots had negative responses to patch density but positive responses to edge density in the landscape. Conclusion: Our results suggest that primary forest loss is the main threat for toucans and parrots in Los Tuxtlas. Implications for conservation: Future conservation and land management must consider the protection of large and small remnants of primary forest and avoid additional forest loss in order to preserve toucan and parrots and their functional roles in human-modified Neotropical landscapes.

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Hanrahan, Alexander T., Andrew U. Rutter, Clayton K. Nielsen, and Eric M. Schauber. "Spatial ecology of river otters in a human-modified landscape." Journal of Mammalogy 100, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 1327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyz095.

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AbstractRiver otter populations have expanded across much of their historical range, including in Illinois where they were reintroduced from 1994 to 1997. These expanding populations are recolonizing a wide range of landscapes with different levels of human modification, which could influence how river otters use space in relation to habitat characteristics and each other. Our objectives were to quantify 1) home ranges and core areas, 2) sociality, and 3) habitat selection across all available habitats and within home ranges (second- and third-order selection, respectively) of 22 radiomarked river otters (Lontra canadensis) in southern Illinois during 2014–2016. Our study area contained a diverse mix of forest, agriculture, aquatic and wetland habitats, and a range of urban development intensity. We examined sociality using the frequency at which individuals were located < 25 m from a conspecific and compared home-range overlap among individuals based on sex. Habitat selection at the second and third order was analyzed using an eigen-analysis of selection ratios based on landcover categories. Similar to other studies, male river otters had > 2-fold larger home ranges and core areas than females in southern Illinois. Several lines of evidence indicated males were more social than females. Males were located close to a conspecific more frequently than were females, and overlap of home ranges and core areas among males was greater than it was among females or between sexes. As observed in other landscapes, river otters strongly selected herbaceous and wooded wetlands at both second- and third-order scales. River otters selected terrestrial cover types with vegetative cover potentially due to shelter or prey availability. Forests were selected over crop fields at the third-order scale, which was consistent with studies using sign surveys. River otters in our study had home ranges containing 0–40% developed land cover, but we found no evidence that otters living in more developed areas used their home ranges more selectively. River otters in this landscape were plastic in regard to social behavior and habitat selection, highlighting their generalist nature and providing insight into their ability to successfully recolonize areas of the Midwest with sufficient vegetative cover and aquatic habitat, among other factors.

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Boron, Valeria, Panteleimon Xofis, Andres Link, Esteban Payan, and Joseph Tzanopoulos. "Conserving predators across agricultural landscapes in Colombia: habitat use and space partitioning by jaguars, pumas, ocelots and jaguarundis." Oryx 54, no. 4 (October 4, 2018): 554–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000327.

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AbstractLoss and degradation of natural habitats continue to increase across the tropics as a result of agricultural expansion. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand their effects, and the distribution and habitat requirements of wildlife within human-modified landscapes, to support the conservation of threatened species, such as felids. We combined camera trapping and land cover data into occupancy models to study the habitat use and space partitioning by four sympatric felid species in an agricultural landscape in Colombia. Land use in the area includes cattle ranching and oil palm cultivation, the latter being an emerging land use type in the Neotropics. Factors determining species occupancy were the presence of wetlands for jaguars (positive effect); water proximity for pumas (positive effect); and presence of pastures for ocelots and jaguarundis (negative effect). Only ocelots were occasionally recorded in oil palm areas. Our results suggest that to align development with the conservation of top predators it is crucial to maintain areas of forest and wetland across agricultural landscapes and to restrict agricultural and oil palm expansion to modified areas such as pastures, which are of limited conservation value. Because there is no spatial segregation between the felid species we studied, conservation strategies that benefit all of them are possible even in modified landscapes.

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Wies, Germán, Sergio Nicasio Arzeta, and Miguel Martinez Ramos. "Critical ecological thresholds for conservation of tropical rainforest in Human Modified Landscapes." Biological Conservation 255 (March 2021): 109023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109023.

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Lawson, Jenna, Andrew Whitworth, and Cristina Banks-Leite. "Soundscapes show disruption across the diel cycle in human modified tropical landscapes." Ecological Indicators 144 (November 2022): 109413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109413.

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Brindis-Badillo, David A., Víctor Arroyo-Rodríguez, Eduardo Mendoza, Germán Wies, and Miguel Martínez-Ramos. "Conserving dominant trees in human-modified landscapes at the Lacandon tropical rainforest." Biological Conservation 270 (June 2022): 109548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109548.

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Trimble, Morgan J., and Rudi J. van Aarde. "Geographical and taxonomic biases in research on biodiversity in human-modified landscapes." Ecosphere 3, no. 12 (December 2012): art119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/es12-00299.1.

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Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Felipe P. L. Melo, Marcelo Tabarelli, and Ricardo R. Rodrigues. "Biodiversity Persistence in Highly Human-Modified Tropical Landscapes Depends on Ecological Restoration." Tropical Conservation Science 6, no. 6 (December 2013): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194008291300600601.

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Cottee-Jones, H. Eden W., Thomas J. Matthews, Tom P. Bregman, Maan Barua, Jatin Tamuly, and Robert J. Whittaker. "Are Protected Areas Required to Maintain Functional Diversity in Human-Modified Landscapes?" PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (May 6, 2015): e0123952. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123952.

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Morand, Serge, Frédéric Bordes, Kim Blasdell, Shai Pilosof, Jean-François Cornu, Kittipong Chaisiri, Yannick Chaval, et al. "Assessing the distribution of disease-bearing rodents in human-modified tropical landscapes." Journal of Applied Ecology 52, no. 3 (April 4, 2015): 784–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12414.

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DeClerck, Fabrice A. J., Robin Chazdon, Karen D. Holl, Jeffrey C. Milder, Bryan Finegan, Alejandra Martinez-Salinas, Pablo Imbach, Lindsay Canet, and Zayra Ramos. "Biodiversity conservation in human-modified landscapes of Mesoamerica: Past, present and future." Biological Conservation 143, no. 10 (October 2010): 2301–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.03.026.

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Grilo, C., P. M. Lucas, A. Fernández‐Gil, M. Seara, G. Costa, S. Roque, H. Rio‐Maior, et al. "Refuge as major habitat driver for wolf presence in human‐modified landscapes." Animal Conservation 22, no. 1 (August 5, 2018): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12435.

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Trimble, Morgan J., and Rudi J. van Aarde. "Supporting conservation with biodiversity research in sub-Saharan Africa’s human-modified landscapes." Biodiversity and Conservation 23, no. 9 (May 24, 2014): 2345–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-014-0716-4.

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Salk, Carl F., Robin L. Chazdon, and Krister P. Andersson. "Detecting landscape-level changes in tree biomass and biodiversity: methodological constraints and challenges of plot-based approaches." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 9 (September 2013): 799–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0048.

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Understanding how human-impacted landscapes are changing is crucial for effective adaptive management and payment for ecosystem services programs. Landscape-level shifts in land use pose challenges not seen in typical ecological studies of well-protected forests. In human-modified landscapes, forests are often monitored using unique sets of randomized plots at each visit rather than re-censusing in the same permanent plots. We contrast field-based forest change monitoring using these two techniques and investigate whether sampling more plots or bigger plots better detects forest changes. Our empirical analysis employs long-term data sets from old-growth, second-growth, and managed tropical forests. We find that resampling in permanent plots reduces variation among subsequent censuses, but more importantly, it enables more powerful statistical tests. Increasing the number of plots improves detection of forest biomass changes more effectively than enlarging existing plot sizes, cost considerations being equal. This effect arises from more extensive capture of spatial heterogeneity by sampling in a greater number of locations. We further show that typical sampling techniques poorly assess the biodiversity of tropical forests and struggle to identify big changes in populations of common species. We conclude with practical suggestions for forest sampling in human-impacted tropical landscapes, including defining monitoring goals and delineating forests vs. entire landscapes as study areas.

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Benatti, Hector R., Hermes R. Luz, Daniel M. Lima, Vinicius D. Gonçalves, Francisco B. Costa, Vanessa N. Ramos, Daniel M. Aguiar, et al. "Morphometric Patterns and Blood Biochemistry of Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) from Human-Modified Landscapes and Natural Landscapes in Brazil." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8080165.

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The capybara, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, is the largest extant rodent of the world. To better understand the correlation between size and body mass, and biochemical parameters of capybaras from areas with different degrees of anthropization (i.e., different food supplies), we sampled free-ranging capybaras from areas of natural landscapes (NLs) and human-modified landscapes (HMLs) in Brazil. Analyses of biometrical and biochemical parameters of capybaras showed that animals from HMLs were heavier (higher body mass) than those from NL, a condition possibly related to fat deposit rather than body length, as indicated by Body Condition Index (BCI) analyses. Biochemical parameters indicated higher serum levels of albumin, creatine kinase, cholesterol, fructosamine and total protein among capybaras from HMLs than from NLs; however, when all adult capybaras were analyzed together only cholesterol and triglycerides were positively correlated with body mass. We propose that the biochemical profile differences between HMLs and NLs are related to the obesity condition of capybaras among HMLs. Considering that heavier animals might live longer and reproduce more often, our results could have important implications in the population dynamics of capybaras among HMLs, where this rodent species is frequently represented by overgrowth populations that generate several levels of conflicts with human beings.

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Hobbs, Richard J. "Landscapes, ecology and wildlife management in highly modified environments - an Australian perspective." Wildlife Research 32, no. 5 (2005): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03037.

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Landscapes in southern Australia have been extensively modified by a variety of human activities, predominantly agriculture and urban development. Over much of the area, native vegetation has been replaced with agriculture or buildings and infrastructure. A continuum exists from areas that remain largely intact, but are modified in some way (e.g. forests managed for timber production), to areas where the remaining native vegetation is fragmented to varying degrees. Habitat management will vary across this continuum, depending on the degree of habitat loss and isolation. In areas outside the main zones of agricultural and urban development, the process of habitat loss and fragmentation is less in evidence. Here, instead, the landscapes remain apparently structurally intact, in that the native vegetation is not actually removed. However, these landscapes have also, in many cases, been significantly modified, particularly by pastoralism and related activities, to the extent that their value as habitat is impaired. Declining habitat value in northern landscapes may lead to the same types of functional fragmentation as found in the south. An examination of the differences and similarities between southern and northern landscapes can highlight what can be learned from the southern experience which may be of value in savanna landscapes. In both cases, the importance of considering impacts in relation to species-specific responses needs to be emphasised.

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Hume, Georgina, Elizabeth Brunton, and Scott Burnett. "Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) Vigilance Behaviour Varies between Human-Modified and Natural Environments." Animals 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2019): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080494.

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Rapid increases in urban land use extent across the globe are creating challenges for many wildlife species. Urban landscapes present a novel environment for many species, yet our understanding of wildlife behavioural adaptations to urban environments is still poor. This study compared the vigilance behaviour of a large mammal in response to urbanisation at a landscape level. Here, we investigate urban (n = 12) and non-urban (n = 12) populations of kangaroos in two regions of Australia, and the relationship between kangaroo vigilance and urbanisation. We used a linear modelling approach to determine whether anti-predator vigilance and the number of vigilant acts performed were influenced by land use type (i.e., urban or non-urban), human population densities, kangaroo demographics, and environmental factors. Kangaroo behaviour differed between the two study regions; kangaroo vigilance was higher in urban than non-urban sites in the southern region, which also had the highest human population densities, however no effect of land use was found in the northern region. Season and sex influenced the vigilance levels across both regions, with higher levels seen in winter and female kangaroos. This study is the first to compare urban and non-urban vigilance of large mammals at a landscape level and provide novel insights into behavioural adaptations of large mammals to urban environments.

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Dohm, Christoph, Inara R. Leal, Marcello Tabarelli, Sebastian T. Meyer, and Rainer Wirth. "Leaf-cutting ants proliferate in the Amazon: an expected response to forest edge?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 6 (September 30, 2011): 645–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467411000447.

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Habitat fragmentation is gradually altering tropical forests all around the globe (Wright 2005), as human populations convert large blocks of pristine forest habitats into permanently fragmented or human-modified landscapes (Tabarelli et al. 2004). Fragmentation processes apparently create opportunities for small sets of species, which proliferate across modified landscapes, while others are driven to extinction or remain as minimal populations (Tabarelli et al. 2010). This ‘winners vs. losers paradigm’ (sensu McKinney & Lockwood 1999) probably describes one of the most conspicuous rearrangements of tropical biotas in response to human disturbances (in addition to biomass collapse), with unanticipated consequences for ecosystem functioning and long-term biodiversity persistence (Lôbo et al. 2011). Despite such appeal, the ecological identity of proliferating organisms and the mechanisms underlying their high abundance levels remains poorly appreciated.

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Otto, Sarah P. "Adaptation, speciation and extinction in the Anthropocene." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1891 (November 14, 2018): 20182047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2047.

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Humans have dramatically altered the planet over the course of a century, from the acidity of our oceans to the fragmentation of our landscapes and the temperature of our climate. Species find themselves in novel environments, within communities assembled from never before encountered mixtures of invasives and natives. The speed with which the biotic and abiotic environment of species has changed has already altered the evolutionary trajectory of species, a trend that promises to escalate. In this article, I reflect upon this altered course of evolution. Human activities have reshaped selection pressures, favouring individuals that better survive in our built landscapes, that avoid our hunting and fishing, and that best tolerate the species that we have introduced. Human-altered selection pressures have also modified how organisms live and move through the landscape, and even the nature of reproduction and genome structure. Humans are also shaping selection pressures at the species level, and I discuss how species traits are affecting both extinction and speciation rates in the Anthropocene.

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