Relevant bibliographies by topics / Human-modified landscapes

Academic literature on the topic 'Human-modified landscapes'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Human-modified landscapes"

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Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Gloria Karina Pérez-Elissetche, José D. Ordóñez-Gómez, Arturo González-Zamora, Óscar M. Chaves, Sònia Sánchez-López, Colin A. Chapman, Karenina Morales-Hernández, Miriam Pablo-Rodríguez, and Gabriel Ramos-Fernández. "Spider Monkeys in Human-Modified Landscapes." Tropical Conservation Science 10 (January 2017): 194008291771978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082917719788.

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Tabarelli, Marcelo, Bráulio Almeida Santos, Victor Arroyo-Rodríguez, and Felipe Pimentel Lopes De Melo. "Secondary forests as biodiversity repositories in human-modified landscapes: insights from the Neotropics." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 7, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v7i3.593.

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In this essay we examine some of the processes affecting the composition and structure of tree species assemblages and, consequently, what we can expect from secondary-forest stands as an element of human-modified landscapes and as an opportunity for biodiversity persistence in this ecological context. Based on the available information, it is reasonable to predict that in some landscapes or biotas: (1) small forest remnants degenerate and support plant assemblages with attributes similar to those observed in early and intermediate-aged regenerating stands, while secondary-forest stands move from initial to more advanced successional stages; (2) collectively, remnant/stand attributes and landscape integrity define the pace through which degeneration proceeds, but also the potential for regeneration; (3) at the landscape spatial scale, remnants and stands tend to converge in terms of structure, but also in terms of taxonomic and functional composition. In other words, remnants degenerate and secondary-forest stands regenerate toward a sort of ‘climax community’, which is conditioned by the physical and biological integrity of both patch and landscape. Considering secondary forests in the conceptual, ecological and spatial framework of human-modified landscapes may help us to understand and maximize the conservation services provided by this habitat as it proliferates through human-modified landscapes.
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Brearley, Grant, Jonathan Rhodes, Adrian Bradley, Greg Baxter, Leonie Seabrook, Daniel Lunney, Yan Liu, and Clive McAlpine. "Wildlife disease prevalence in human-modified landscapes." Biological Reviews 88, no. 2 (December 22, 2012): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12009.

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Filgueiras, Bruno K. C., Carlos A. Peres, Felipe P. L. Melo, Inara R. Leal, and Marcelo Tabarelli. "Winner–Loser Species Replacements in Human-Modified Landscapes." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 36, no. 6 (June 2021): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2021.02.006.

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McGlade, James. "Archaeology and the ecodynamics of human-modified landscapes." Antiquity 69, no. 262 (March 1995): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00064346.

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First generation modelling of cultural systems, as applied in archaeology, frequently invoked linear, deterministic relationships as well as privileging concepts such as stability and an assumed cumulative evolution towards increasing complexity. But can the world of human affairs with its numerous reversals and unintended consequences really be captured by such models? Recent advances in the natural sciences have demonstrated the central role of non-linear phenomena, discontinuities and unpredictable breaks from established patterns and events. It is argued that such findings can form the basis for a new theoretical framework, human ecodynamics.
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Härtel, Stephan, and Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter. "Ecology: Honey Bee Foraging in Human-Modified Landscapes." Current Biology 24, no. 11 (June 2014): R524—R526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.04.052.

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Peres, Carlos A., Toby A. Gardner, Jos Barlow, Jansen Zuanon, Fernanda Michalski, Alexander C. Lees, Ima C. G. Vieira, Fatima M. S. Moreira, and Kenneth J. Feeley. "Biodiversity conservation in human-modified Amazonian forest landscapes." Biological Conservation 143, no. 10 (October 2010): 2314–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.01.021.

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Stronen, Astrid V., Nathalie Tessier, Hélène Jolicoeur, Paul C. Paquet, Michel Hénault, Mario Villemure, Brent R. Patterson, Tim Sallows, Gloria Goulet, and François-Joseph Lapointe. "Canid hybridization: contemporary evolution in human-modified landscapes." Ecology and Evolution 2, no. 9 (July 25, 2012): 2128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.335.

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Aly, Dalia, Doaa K. Hassan, Shaimaa Mohamed Kamel, and Johannes Hamhaber. "Human Needs as an Approach to Designed Landscapes." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 8 (April 23, 2018): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.03.

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The traditional approach of landscape architecture has always focused on the aesthetic and visual aspects of landscapes while giving less attention to other aspects. This view has limited the benefits that can be derived from designed landscapes, despite the wide-ranging potential they carry for humans; socially, environmentally and economically. As a result, many researchers and practitioners are currently challenging this view to develop a more holistic and multidimensional approach. The present research therefore aims at proposing a new perspective for public designed landscapes based on fundamental human needs. The study methodology was comprised of critical content analysis for three main domains: sustainable development, human needs in specific relation to public landscapes, and significant approaches to fundamental human needs. Reconciliation among these domains was achieved based on a modified version of Max-Neef’s matrix of fundamental human needs. Human needs in public landscapes were merged into the matrix to reach a comprehensive yet specific perspective. The study concluded with a conceptual framework that can provide a wider perspective to human needs in designed landscapes. It proposes a new tool for the analysis of the benefits of public landscapes and their value for humans, which can be further used in various applications.
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Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Felipe P. L. Melo, Marcelo Tabarelli, and Ricardo R. Rodrigues. "Restoration Reserves as Biodiversity Safeguards in Human-Modified Landscapes." Natureza & Conservação 11, no. 2 (2013): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/natcon.2013.029.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Human-modified landscapes"

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Lampila, P. (Petri). "Populations and communities in human modified forest landscapes." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514297151.

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Abstract Alteration of natural habitat usually has two kinds of effects on the populations living in the area. No single organism is able to survive or reproduce without its habitat, so it is very easy to understand and predict direct habitat loss effects. Moreover, fragmentation effects can enhance the effects of pure habitat loss, and in some cases, the effects of fragmentation can exceed the effects of habitat loss. In addition, harvesting by humans has significantly shaped wildlife populations and done so probably well before any other human activity. Different types of anthropogenic change in nature often happen simultaneously and their separate effects are not necessarily easily disentangled. I studied the effects of forest fragmentation on bird populations and communities on different levels, as well as the effects of harvesting on grouse populations. My results suggest that in natural systems there is always a multitude of factors influencing the population distribution and abundance. This complexity makes it difficult to discern and predict the consequences of human activities, and any additional human activity, such as habitat fragmentation or harvesting, can cause seemingly unexpected population consequences. My results also suggest that considering protected areas in isolation of the matrix is not sufficient to understanding species distribution and abundance within the conservation network. All management practices in commercial forests affect the landscape where protected areas are embedded, but simultaneously, conservation actions also influence the management planning. Therefore, an integrated approach is needed to sustain forest biodiversity. Finally, I showed that there are marked differences in responses to fragmentation among regions and among ecologically different species, which are partly associated with the evolutionary history of the biota in different regions. Therefore, patterns and processes in one region may not be transferrable to other regions. Moreover, disentangling the fragmentation effects on bird species requires careful consideration when selecting for research a combination of life-history variables that can distinguish among the underlying demographic mechanisms, because the mechanisms and the variables susceptible to these mechanisms may vary among regions
Tiivistelmä Eliön habitaatin muokkaamisella on yleensä kahdentyyppisiä seurauksia. Habitaatin hävittämisen seuraukset ovat suoraviivaisia, koska yksikään laji ei pysty säilymään elossa tai lisääntymään ilman lajityypillistä habitaattiaan. Pirstoutumisvaikutukset puolestaan voivat voimistaa habitaatin hävittämisen vaikutusta ja olla joissakin tapauksissa jopa niitä voimakkaampia. Lisäksi metsästys on muokannut eläinpopulaatioita luultavasti ensimmäisenä ihmistoiminnan muotona. Erilaiset ihmistoiminnan vaikutukset ovat usein yhtäaikaisia, eikä niiden vaikutuksia ole aina helppoa erottaa toisistaan. Tutkin väitöskirjatyössäni metsien pirstoutumisen vaikutuksia lintupopulaatioihin ja – yhteisöihin sekä metsästyksen vaikutuksia kanalintupopulaatioihin. Tulosteni mukaan luonnonoloissa on aina useita tekijöitä vaikuttamassa populaation kokoon ja levinneisyyteen. Tämä tekee ihmistoiminnan vaikutuksista hyvin vaikeasti ennustettavia. Niin ikään tulosteni mukaan suojelualueiden lajiston levinneisyyttä ja runsautta ei voi ymmärtää, mikäli ympäröivien alueiden ominaisuuksia ei oteta huomioon. Osoitin myös, että vasteissa pirstoutumiseen on huomattavia eroja maantieteellisten alueiden ja ekologisesti erilaisten linturyhmien välillä, mitkä osaltaan johtuvat eri alueiden erilaisesta evolutiivisesta historiasta. Tästä syystä vasteita pirstoutumiseen ei voida välttämättä yleistää alueelta toiselle. Tulosteni mukaan pirstoutumisvaikutusten erottelu vaatii huolellista tutkimuksen suunnittelua, jotta lajeihin vaikuttavat demografiset tekijät voidaan tunnistaa, koska näissä voi olla huomattavaa alueellista vaihtelua
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Cottee-Jones, Henry Eden W. "Isolated Ficus trees and conservation in human-modified landscapes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9d01cd94-447c-4125-8670-6f9556affebe.

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The destruction of tropical forests is the most concerning current threat to biodiversity. Although protected areas have long been used as the primary tool for biodiversity conservation, there is an increasing need to find suitable conservation strategies for the growing area of human-modified land. This thesis addresses three themes that have been identified as the most pressing areas for research in human-modified landscapes: biodiversity conservation beyond protected areas, forest restoration, and the human–environment relationship. By studying the interactions between birds, plants, and people with isolated Ficus (Moraceae) trees in Assam, India, this thesis reports several important findings: 1) isolated Ficus trees are extraordinarily important to frugivorous bird communities that inhabit human-modified landscapes; 2) the frugivores visiting these isolated trees still sustained the majority of ecological function found in trees close to the forest edge; 3) isolated Ficus trees are also exceptionally important feeding sites for insectivorous birds in human-modified landscapes, compared to other trees; 4) Ficus trees are better restoration nuclei than other isolated trees; 5) although the sacred status of Ficus trees in Assam has a major influence on their abundance and distribution, faith-based values are insufficient in ensuring their conservation. In conclusion, this thesis finds that isolated Ficus trees are critically important micro-sites for conservation in human-modified landscapes, the loss of which may lead to avifaunal collapse and a reduction in restoration potential. However, by stressing their ecological and cultural properties, it may be possible to build a strong case for the conservation of isolated Ficus trees in Assam and elsewhere.
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Eyitayo, Damilola L. "Ecological Consequences of Human-modified Landscapes: Features of Powerline Corridors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1594386597178801.

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Guthrie, Ruth J. "Patterns of invertebrate distribution and abundance on Cordyline australis in human-modified landscapes." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1235.

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Fragmentation of forest habitat by urban and rural development has had profound effects on the distribution and abundance of many native species; however, little is known about the ecological processes driving patterns in community structure (species richness and composition) of host-specialised herbivores in modified habitats. I examined patterns in community structure of 9 specialist and 19 generalist invertebrate herbivores of cabbage trees (Cordyline australis Laxmanniaceae) across a highly-modified landscape. I found that, although species richness of specialists was highest in forest sites, the majority of host-specialised species were not restricted to forest habitats and were as widespread as many generalists. In terms of site occupancy, only two specialist and four generalist species were rare. I show that patterns of species occupancy and abundance reflect differing susceptibility to habitat modification, with landscape-level variation an important predictor of abundance for nearly all species. When species occurrences and life history traits were considered I did not find strong evidence for the importance of dispersal ability, which suggests that habitat variability had a stronger organising effect on the community. In a replicated common garden experiment, I found distinct regional patterns in the community structure of the specialist invertebrates occurring on different phylogenetic groups of C. australis. In contrast, community structure of generalist herbivores did not differ significantly among host genotypes. I speculate these patterns are due to historical changes in the distribution of cabbage trees in the Southern phylogenetic region that caused specialised herbivores to become locally adapted on populations of low genetic diversity following expansion after the last glacial maximum. However, this consistent selection pressure did not occur in the Northern region where C. australis habitat has been more consistently available over the past tens of thousands of years, reflected in higher host genetic diversity. This study has advanced our understanding of the patterns in community structure of an indigenous, host-specialised fauna in a highly modified and fragmented urban and rural landscapes.
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Edwards, Felicity Ann. "A multi-functional approach to assessing species interactions in human-modified tropical landscapes." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13795/.

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Tropical land-use change via rainforest degradation and agricultural expansion is driving a global extinction crisis. Understanding community dynamics, functional diversity (FD) and species interactions in relation to these land-use changes is essential to both conservation actions and ecological theory. Landscapes are altered at multiple scales, and the changing landscape mosaic impacts biodiversity and in turn potential functional processes and ecosystem services (or dis-services). I use field data combined with functional and modelling statistical approaches, and primarily examine dung beetle communities, but also use bird and ant assemblages to compliment my investigations. I study these communities across a land-use gradient of primary rainforest, selectively logged forest, and adjacent oil palm plantations in Malaysian Borneo. Logging caused significant shifts in community composition but FD of dung beetles and birds was at similar levels compared to primary rainforest. Along logging roads edge effects penetrated 100m into the logged forest interior, with significant declines in species richness, abundance and biomass with increasing proximity to road edges, and a marked change in species composition. Logged forest communities were predominately randomly assembled across three taxonomic groups, with a strong influence of dispersal assembly for dung beetles. The conversion of forest to oil palm, however lead to a significant reduction in FD, greater influence of habitat filtering in the assembly of dung beetle communities, and significant segregation in dung beetle and bird community assembly. The extent of forest cover and proximity to forest were not significant predictors of oil palm yield. Understanding the stability and resilience of FD and the dominant assembly processes emphasises the high value of logged forests as refugia for biodiversity. Nevertheless, better landscape design practices for forestry, specifically road planning, and in-situ habitat conservation within plantations is strongly encouraged. Critically a functional approach to land-use change gives conservation a complete and practical focus.
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Baker, Rowenna. "Demographic and genetic patterns of water voles in human modified landscapes : implications for conservation." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ac27de7c-937b-42fd-9061-c7aff7fb40c3.

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The European water vole (Arvicola amphibius) has undergone widespread declines across much of the UK and a major consideration for their future conservation is facilitating the admixture of individuals in modified landscapes to promote population growth, restore geographical distribution and ensure long term viability. However implementing remedial management strategies for these purposes requires knowledge of how populations are affected by, and respond to, fragmented and perceptively hostile landscapes. This thesis uses non-invasive genetic tools in conjunction with a live capture study to investigate the population structure, genetic variation and social systems of both natural and reintroduced water vole populations living within modified landscapes in southeastern England. In particular this research determines; a) whether non-invasive hair capture tubes are effective at collecting samples for genetic monitoring of water voles; b) whether there is a quantifiable difference in the demographic performance (survival, recruitment, population growth), neutral genetic variation and kin structure of populations occupying linear habitats compared to unmodified non-linear wetland habitats and c) identify the spatial pattern of variation in microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA amongst water vole populations to investigate natural and human mediated factors effecting historical and contemporary distribution. Non-invasive hair capture tubes proved to be a successful and efficient method for obtaining hair samples from wild populations of water voles with one genetic sample taking 0.53 man hours and costing £0.80, which was four times more efficient and 13 times more cost effective than live capture methods. However, DNA degradation, low quantities of DNA template and small sample sizes were identified as limiting factors when applying this method to genetic studies on water voles. Different patterns in demography and kin structure of water voles were observed between populations occupying linear and non-linear wetlands. Water voles in linear wetlands showed higher overall survival and dispersal of young, but were characterised by a significantly lower proportion of breeding females in spring which resulted in higher levels of female philopatry and incidents of inbreeding. Populations occupying non-linear wetlands were comprised of more breeding females in spring which had a positive influence on population growth. There was also evidence to suggest that when the abundance of overwintered females was high, the sexual maturation of female young was suppressed which concurred with fewer breeding female relatives being observed after the breeding season in populations occupying non-linear habitat types. Tolerance between female kin was reduced in both habitats types with increasing abundance of voles and no spatial avoidance between opposite sex mates was observed. Genetic diversity was similar between populations occupying linear and non-linear wetlands and significant temporal variation in genetic composition was observed, particularly in linear wetlands, suggesting a high turnover of individuals. Between populations, genetic variance at microsatellite loci was partitioned amongst river catchments, which concurred with patterns in mitochondrial variation across southeast England. Reintroduced populations exhibited significantly higher genetic diversity in terms of heterozygosity and allelic richness, however spatial analyses across the study sites suggest that reintroductions have homogenised the genetic variation at microsatellite loci and evidence of captive breeding between divergent lineages that have no geographical affiliation to the study area highlight that reintroductions can contribute to the loss of genetic heritage and diversity.
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Bähner, Kevin [Verfasser], Burkhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Büdel, and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Wirth. "Plants, herbivores, and their interactions in human-modified landscapes / Kevin Bähner. Betreuer: Burkhard Büdel ; Rainer Wirth." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1109799365/34.

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Cabral, Pedro Miguel Matos. "Brown bear behaviour in human-modified landscapes: the case of the endangered Cantabrian population, NW Spain." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/26700.

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Large carnivore populations are recovering in Europe after centuries of population decline. The Cantabrian brown bear Ursus arctos population is endangered, and it is a good example of a large carnivore inhabiting a human-modified landscape. In order to study the impact of human landscape elements on bear behaviour we analysed 10 years of Cantabrian brown bear records. Human activity and structures do not appear to have an impact on the duration or appearance of vigilance behaviour. While bears avoid direct contact with humans, the mere presence of human infrastructure and activities don't not appear to impact its vigilance behaviours. The brown bear seems to be adapted to human coexistence and this should give a different perspective in future conservation efforts; Comportamento do Urso-Pardo em paisagens modificadas pelo Homem: o caso da população Cantábrica em perigo, NO Espanha Resumo: As populações de grandes carnívoros estão a recuperar por toda a Europa após séculos de declínio populacional. A população Cantábrica de urso pardo Ursus arctos encontra-se em perigo e é um bom exemplo de um grande carnívoro que habita uma paisagem modificada pelo Homem. A fim de estudar o impacto dos elementos da paisagem humanizada no comportamento do urso pardo, analisamos 10 anos de registos de comportamento de urso pardo Cantábrico. A atividade e estruturas humanas não parecem ter impacto na duração ou no aparecimento do comportamento de vigilância. O urso-pardo evita o contato direto com os seres humanos, no entanto a mera presença de infraestruturas e atividades humanas não parece ter impacto no comportamento de vigilância. O urso-pardo parece estar adaptado à coexistência humana e isso deverá dar uma perspetiva diferente a futuros esforços de conservação.
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Viljoen, Storme. "Wildlife health in human-modified landscapes: epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens affecting black-backed jackals and caracals." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25536.

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Despite the importance of disease as a wildlife management challenge, baseline research on the epidemiology of pathogens occurring in wildlife populations within both rural and urban landscapes has received little attention to date. The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of wildlife health in human-modified landscapes in South Africa, by providing comparisons of body condition, host-attached tick diversity and tick-borne pathogen (TBP) epidemiology of two common mesocarnivore species, the black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) and caracal (Caracal caracal). Jackals (n=46) and caracals (n=27) were sampled from small livestock farmlands in the Central Karoo region, in addition to caracals from farmlands in Namaqualand (n=14), and the urban matrix of the Cape Peninsula (n=16). Body condition was evaluated using both ratio (Body Mass Index) and residual (Ordinary Least Squares) methods, and morphometry was compared with historical datasets for each species. There was no apparent effect of sex, age class or location on body condition of jackals or caracals. Host-attached tick diversity was highest in urban caracals compared with the two other caracal populations, possibly indicating that they are exposed to a greater diversity of potential tick vectors. Molecular methods (mPCR/RLB; conventional PCR screening and phylogenetic analysis) used to screen for selected pathogens of veterinary and/or zoonotic concern, including Ehrlichia, Anaplasma, Babesia and Theileria species, revealed that Central Karoo jackals exhibited a lower prevalence of TBPs, compared with sympatric caracals. Hepatozoon canis, a ubiquitous pathogen of domestic and wild canids globally, was observed in 46.5% of jackals. Theileria ovis, a piroplasm of small livestock, was found in 4.7% of jackals. Jackals and caracals appear to be distinct in their TBP epidemiological roles, despite sharing similar tick communities. Pathogens found in caracals include Hepatozoon felis, Babesia felis, Babesia leo and a potentially undescribed Babesia species, genetically similar to B. venatorum, an emerging zoonosis. An Anaplasma species previously described in South African domestic dogs was also found in the urban caracals. All caracals were infected with at least one TBP. Together, these findings suggest that land use does not significantly influence the body condition of these adaptable predators, but that there is a health cost associated with living in the urban space. Cape Peninsula caracals show substantially higher rates of TBP co-infection (81% versus 14.8% and 0% in farmlands) and greater pathogen diversity compared to farmland caracals. The findings of this study include numerous examples of previously undescribed genetic diversity of tick-borne pathogens infecting South African mesocarnivores living in transformed landscapes. This work adds to our understanding of wildlife health within the 'One Health' framework and represents the first detailed examination of TBPs in jackals on farmlands and is also the first work that focuses specifically on TPBs in caracals anywhere in the world.
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Fischer, Joern, and joern@cres anu edu au. "Beyond fragmentation : Lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes and their implications for conceptual landscape models." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060718.150101.

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Fauna conservation outside protected areas can make an important complementary contribution to conservation within reserves. This thesis aimed to contribute new information and analytical frameworks to the science of fauna conservation in human-modified landscapes. Two approaches were used: (1) empirical data collection and analysis, and (2) the discussion and development of conceptual landscape models. ¶ Empirical work focused on lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes in southeastern Australia. Lizards were targeted because ectotherms are frequently neglected by conservation biologists. The “Nanangroe grazing landscape” was used for sheep and cattle grazing. In this landscape, approximately 85% of pre-European woodland cover had been cleared, and understorey vegetation was sparse. Lizards were surveyed at 16 landscape units, which were stratified by aspect, topographic position and amount of tree cover. Each landscape unit contained three sites, and each site contained three plots. Regression modelling showed that different species responded differently to their environment. For example, the four-fingered skink (Carlia tetradactyla) and Boulenger’s skink (Morethia boulengeri) were more likely to occur at woodland sites with northerly aspects, whereas the striped skink (Ctenotus robustus) and olive legless lizard (Delma inornata) were more likely to inhabit sites with a simple microhabitat structure. Statistical analysis further showed that the habitat attributes that lizards were related to varied continuously through space, and over different spatial scales. For example, invertebrate abundance (a proxy for food availability) varied most strongly over tens of metres, whereas the amount of grass cover varied most strongly over hundreds to thousands of metres. Thus, work at Nanangroe revealed spatially complex patterns of lizard occurrence and habitat variables. ¶ The “Tumut plantation landscape” was a spatial mosaic of native eucalypt (Eucalyptus) forest patches embedded within a plantation of the introduced radiata pine (Pinus radiata). In this landscape, thirty sites were surveyed for lizards. Sites were stratified by forest type and patch size, and included eucalypt patches, pine sites, and extensive areas of eucalypt forest adjacent to the plantation. Regression modelling showed that lizard species responded to various habitat attributes, including elevation, the amount of eucalypt forest within 1 km of a site, invertebrate abundance and ground cover. Variables related to habitat fragmentation often were significant predictors of lizard occurrence. However, work at Tumut suggested that important additional insights into lizard distribution patterns could be obtained by considering variables related to food and shelter resources, and climatic conditions. ¶ The Nanangroe and Tumut landscapes were in close proximity, but together spanned an altitudinal gradient of 900 m. An investigation of changes in lizard community composition with altitude showed that (1) only one species was common to Nanangroe and Tumut, (2) different species had different altitudinal preferences, and (3) ecologically similar species replaced one another with increasing altitude. These results highlighted that even in highly modified landscapes, natural gradients (such as climate) can play an important role in shaping animal assemblage composition and species distribution patterns. ¶ Empirical work suggested that, in some landscapes, the frequently used “fragmentation model” is a relatively weak conceptual basis for the study of animal distribution patterns. The fragmentation model implicitly assumes that “habitat patches” can be defined unequivocally across many species, and that patches are located within a relatively inhospitable matrix. Where these assumptions are breached, conservation guidelines arising from the fragmentation model may be too simplified. In spatially complex production landscapes, it may be more appropriate to maintain habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales than to focus solely on the management of large, pre-defined patches. ¶ Given the potential limitations of the fragmentation model, a new, more holistic landscape model was developed. The “continuum model” was derived from continuum theory as developed for plant ecology. The continuum model recognises (1) spatial continua of environmental variables, and (2) species’ individualistic responses to these variables. For animals, key environmental variables may be related to the availability of food, shelter, sufficient space, and suitable climatic conditions. Unlike the fragmentation model, the continuum model is inherently process-based and thus may help to link the perceived gap between patterns and processes in landscape ecology. ¶ Three general conclusions arise from this thesis: 1. Some heterogeneous production landscapes support many native species, and therefore represent important conservation opportunities. 2. In some modified landscapes, the fragmentation model does not capture the complexity of animal distribution patterns. In those landscapes, conservation recommendations derived from the fragmentation model may be overly simplistic. 3. The continuum model may be a useful extension of the fragmentation model. It provides a process-based conceptual basis for empirical work on animal distribution patterns.
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Books on the topic "Human-modified landscapes"

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Woodward, Guy O. Ecosystems in a human-modified landscape: A European perspective. London: Academic Press, 2011.

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Woodward, Guy. Ecosystems in a Human-Modified Landscape: A European Perspective. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2011.

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Isendahl, Christian, and Daryl Stump, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Historical Ecology and Applied Archaeology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672691.001.0001.

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This volume presents theoretical discussions, methodological outlines, and case-studies describing the discursive overlap of the theoretical and methodological framework of historical ecology, and the emerging sub-discipline of applied archaeology. Historical ecology is based on the recognition that humans are not only capable of modifying their environments, but that all environments on earth have already been directly or indirectly modified. This includes anthropogenic climate change, widespread deforestations, and species extinctions, but also very local alterations, the effects of which may last a few years, or may have legacies lasting centuries or more. The volume presents a range of case-studies that highlight how modern environments and landscapes have been shaped by humans, and includes outlines of the methods we can use to better understand these changes. Authors include anthropologists, archaeologists, human geographers, and historians, all of whom are focussed not just on defining human impacts in the past, but on the ways that understanding these changes can help inform contemporary practices and development policies. Some present examples of how ancient or current societies have modified their environments in sustainable ways, while others highlight practices that had unintended long-term consequences. The possibility of learning from these practices are discussed, as is the potential of using the long history of human resource exploitation as a method for building or testing models of future change. Rather than merely acting as advocates for historical data, the chapters collected here also warn of the limitations of drawing simple lessons from the history of interactions between humans and their environments, and note that doing so is potentially just as damaging as ignoring these rich sources of data.
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Modified Mastering Geography with Pearson EText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for the Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. Pearson Education, Limited, 2019.

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Rubenstein, James M. Modified Mastering Geography with Pearson EText -- Standalone Access Card -- for the Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography. Pearson Education, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Human-modified landscapes"

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Catto, Norm, Olav Slaymaker, and Dori J. Kovanen. "Human-Modified Landscapes." In World Geomorphological Landscapes, 475–507. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35137-3_21.

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Quintero-Ángel, Mauricio, Andrés Quintero-Ángel, Diana M. Mendoza-Salazar, and Sebastian Orjuela-Salazar. "Traditional Landscape Appropriation of Afro-Descendants and Collective Titling in the Colombian Pacific Region: Lessons for Transformative Change." In Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 175–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6_10.

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AbstractThe Colombian Pacific region is one of the most biodiverse areas in the world, but several anthropic pressures threaten its ecosystems and the ethnic groups who live there. Since the colonial era, the region has experienced two different key strategies of landscape appropriation: (1) diversification of activities in the landscape; and (2) specialisation focusing on a few landscape products. These two strategies fall at opposite ends of a modified continuum over time, including a range of intermediate situations that combine elements of the diversified and specialised strategies. The first strategy is characteristic of Afro-descendant communities, based on harmony with nature and favoring human well-being, while providing multiple ecosystem services and cultural or spiritual values.In this context, this chapter reviews the relationship of Afro-descendants with their environment in the Colombian Pacific region, taking as an example the San Marcos locality. Through interviews with key informants and participant observation, we investigate the productive and extractive practices in San Marcos. Results show that the appropriation strategy combines different sources of income. This denotes a great local ecological knowledge geared to maintenance of biodiversity. Despite Law 70 (1993) stipulating Afro-descendant communities to have guaranteed autonomy and the right to collectively manage their ancestral lands, this socio-ecological production landscape is endangered due to pressures from the dominant society towards conversion to a specialised strategy. Finally, we also analyse “transformative change” in the context of governance of San Marcos. Such change could guide a profound transformation in conservation strategies based on a fundamental reorientation of human values.
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Takeuchi, Yayoi, Ryoji Soda, Hiromitsu Samejima, and Bibian Diway. "Current Status and Distribution of Communally Reserved Forests in a Human-Modified Landscape in Bintulu, Sarawak." In Advances in Asian Human-Environmental Research, 439–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7513-2_21.

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Koh, Lian Pin, and Toby A. Gardner. "Conservation in human‐modified landscapes." In Conservation Biology for All, 236–61. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199554232.003.0014.

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Smith, Brenda D., Giovanna Villalobos-Jiménez, Ann C. Perron Mary, Göran Sahlén, Giacomo Assandri, Marina Vilenica, Lenize Batista Calvão, Leandro Juen, Francesco Cerini, and Jason T. Bried. "Odonata assemblages in human-modified landscapes." In Dragonflies and Damselflies, 247–60. 2nd ed. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898623.003.0018.

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Abstract Human activities such as logging, agriculture, and urbanization can drastically change and limit Odonata species distributions in aquatic and terrestrial environments. These modifications may culminate in extirpations of rare and resident species and homogenization of community composition across space. This chapter reviews how human land use is (re)shaping odonate assemblages and focuses on the impacts from logging, agriculture, and urbanization. Deeper appreciation and analysis of regulatory mechanisms (e.g. vulnerability traits, species interactions, phylogenetic niche conservatism) and background “noise” (e.g. natural heterogeneity, climate change, historical context) will be important in understanding and predicting odonate community responses to ongoing and future landscape alteration.
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Jackson, Louise, Todd Rosenstock, Matthew Thomas, Justin Wright, and Amy Symstad. "Managed ecosystems: biodiversity and ecosystem functions in landscapes modified by human use." In Biodiversity, Ecosystem Functioning, and Human Wellbeing, 178–94. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199547951.003.0013.

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Uzun, Funda Varnaci, and Mehmet Somuncu. "Cultural Landscape." In Geospatial Intelligence, 203–29. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8054-6.ch010.

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The “cultural landscape” has been a fundamental concept in geography and was first defined as “landscape modified by human activity” by the German geographer Friedrich Ratzel in 1890. It was introduced to American geography in the 1920s by Carl O. Sauer (American geographer). Since the 1960s, the concept has been widely used in human geography, anthropology, environmental management, and other related fields. One of the major factors that contributed to the recent popularity of its use, on a global scale, was the adoption of cultural landscapes in the International Convention for the World Heritage Convention by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1992. In this chapter, the basis of this concept, its emergence, and its relationships with other scientific disciplines, particularly geography, will be discussed. Moreover, the place of cultural landscapes within protected areas and UNESCO world heritage sites will be more specifically addressed.
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Uzun, Funda Varnaci, and Mehmet Somuncu. "Cultural Landscape." In Handbook of Research on Methods and Tools for Assessing Cultural Landscape Adaptation, 1–27. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4186-8.ch001.

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The “cultural landscape” has been a fundamental concept in geography and was first defined as “landscape modified by human activity” by the German geographer Friedrich Ratzel in 1890. It was introduced to American geography in the 1920s by Carl O. Sauer (American geographer). Since the 1960s, the concept has been widely used in human geography, anthropology, environmental management, and other related fields. One of the major factors that contributed to the recent popularity of its use, on a global scale, was the adoption of cultural landscapes in the International Convention for the World Heritage Convention by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1992. In this chapter, the basis of this concept, its emergence, and its relationships with other scientific disciplines, particularly geography, will be discussed. Moreover, the place of cultural landscapes within protected areas and UNESCO world heritage sites will be more specifically addressed.
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Penteriani, Vincenzo, Alexandros A. Karamanlidis, Andrés Ordiz, Paolo Ciucci, Luigi Boitani, Giorgio Bertorelle, Alejandra Zarzo-Arias, et al. "Bears in Human-Modified Landscapes: The Case Studies of the Cantabrian, Apennine, and Pindos Mountains." In Bears of the World, 260–72. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108692571.020.

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Chase, Diane Z., Arlen F. Chase, and Adrian S. Z. Chase. "Caracol’s Impact on the Landscape of the Classic Period Maya." In Approaches to Monumental Landscapes of the Ancient Maya, 109–30. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066226.003.0006.

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Diane Chase and colleagues discuss one of the largest Classic-period Maya sites that ever existed, Caracol, Belize, in Chapter 6. Using over 30 years of data from the site, the authors examine four components of Caracol’s monumental landscape: the site’s plazuela groups, its causeway system, its reservoir system, and its agricultural terraces. Extensive excavation, mapping, and LiDAR data demonstrate that Caracol’s expansive territory was a heavily modified landscape, with considerable evidence for centralized planning. Mapped onto this planned landscape at Caracol is evidence for economic integration and centrally directed social engineering in the form of “symbolic egalitarianism.” As large and populous as Caracol was, it is not surprising that the city’s rulers extended their influence beyond the kingdom’s immediate territory and onto the larger geopolitical landscape of the Late Classic period. Chase and colleagues broaden the concept of monumentality to consider strategic political nodes on the landscape and inter-polity interactions on a truly regional scale. The authors close their chapter with a consideration of the roles of human decision making and climate change in the final abandonment of the kingdom.
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Conference papers on the topic "Human-modified landscapes"

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Tabarelli, Marcelo. "Ecology of leaf-cutting ants in human-modified landscapes." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91869.

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Yong, Ding Li. "Identifying surrogates for conserving insect diversity in human-modified landscapes in south-eastern Australia." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.116257.

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Huhta, Esa, Pekka Helle, Vesa Nivala, and Ari Nikula. "The effect of human-modified landscape structure on forest grouse broods in two landscape types." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/107449.

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Shenold, Chad, Catalin Teodoriu, and Saeed Salehi. "Consideration of the Human Element in Cementing Operations and Well Integrity." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78275.

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The recent Macondo tragedy changed the health and safety landscape throughout the petroleum industry. Through such incidents, oil well cementing operations have gained widespread attention. Detailed technical reports of the Macondo well control incident outline the significance of the competent and efficient cementing operations. The voluntary API RP 75 standard was recently modified into the current mandatory offshore Safety and Environmental Management Systems (SEMS II) regulations. The regulatory guidelines in the United States, dormant over the past 20 years, are finally being updated to meet current industry and public expectations. The human factor, overlooked for decades in the petroleum industry, serves as the catalyst behind the newly adopted offshore regulations. This paper provides a brief overview of well integrity, and the pivotal role of cementing operations in well control. The critical role of human and organizational factors in cementing operations and well control is addressed. Furthermore. an outline of the newly implemented SEMS II regulations is also offered, with insight into adjustments that could enhance this program’s modest requirements.
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North, Leslie, Vu Thi Minh Nguyet, Jason Polk, Tong Phuc Tuan, and Nguyen Minh Quang. "EVALUATING HUMAN-ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS TO THE KARST LANDSCAPE OF PHONG NHA-KE BANG NATIONAL PARK, VIETNAM USING A MODIFIED KARST DISTURBANCE INDEX METHODOLOGY." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-281312.

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Hou, Bowen, and Donald L. Paul. "Security Implications of IIoT Architectures for Oil & Gas Operations." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200858-ms.

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Abstract Implementing the IIoT paradigm into the classical oil & gas field OT systems is one of the essential concepts for Digital Oilfield 2.0. The transition in architecture and the corresponding technology changes can create a new cyber-physical security risk profile through alterations in the digital information structure of the oilfield OT system. With the onset of IIoT implementations in the industry, it is an opportune time to review and assess the emerging cyber-physical risk landscape. In the paper, we identified and compared the current oilfield OT logical structures with the designs emerging through the IIoT implementations. The analysis includes extensive reviews of developing standards, such as those proposed by Industrial Internet Consortium, and ongoing published experiences to find the primary points of transition. The security risks stemming from the IIoT implementation appear to raise significant concerns with regard to potentially severe cybersecurity outcomes, which could materially impact the integrity and safety of oilfieldoperations. The study concentrated on the cybersecurity threats that could pose negative physical and operational conditions resulting from loss of visibility and / or loss of control of the operational processes in field facilities. Extensive literature reviews were the basis for identifying the implications of cybersecurity risks in the ongoing stages of integrating the IIoT into the field. The reviews identified the modified strategies for cyber-physical systems, including potential threats and counter measurements for the field IIoT model. However, these proposed strategies still miss a fundamental denominator - the assessments generally ignore that it is the fundamental nature of IIoT structure itself that creates cyber-security vulnerabilities. To investigate further, we performed a contrasting analysis based on specific case studies of field IIoT devices such as the pump-off controller and OT architectures. Three foundational threat implications emerged on the transformation of IIoT architecture into the oilfield: 1)The exponential growth of connected distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) devices enormously increases the complexity of designing the software of each facility and system. 2)The cutting-edge Machine to Machine (M2M) characteristic in the IIoT model pushes the human out of the traditional control and monitor loop. 3)The widespread scale of DAI devices with the unique IP address in the network shifts cybersecurity risks to each connected endpoint. The cornerstone of the distinctive IIoT attributes illustrated in the paper contributes to the potential loss of control, leading to potential for serious damaging operational outcomes in the field. The goal of this paper is to aid oilfield security planning and design processes through animproved recognition of the cyber-physical security impacts emerging from the implementation of IIoT architectures and technologies integration into field OT domains.
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Sánchez Vértiz Ruiz, René L. "Alteración del clima en el valle de México tras cinco siglos de deterioro ambiental." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7560.

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Este trabajo intenta mostrar algunas de las alteraciones climáticas que han sido causadas por el deterioro del ambiente en el Valle de México -la zona más poblada del altiplano central mexicano- cuyos efectos son perceptibles como afectaciones al confort humano: humedad ambiental, radiación solar, temperaturas y viento. Aunque no es posible contar con evidencias cuantitativas irrefutables, sí es posible contrastar las condiciones cualitativas imperantes en el siglo XVI contra las del siglo XXI. En tiempos precolombinos, la vida cotidiana del habitante del Valle de México se desarrollaba casi siempre al aire libre, en contacto con el cielo abierto y el paisaje circundante. Pocas actividades tenían lugar en espacios bajo techo, los cuales sólo eran ocupados durante algunas cuantas horas al día. El diseño de espacios interiores no era una preocupación fundamental de los constructores, lo que contrasta con el esmero aplicado a la arquitectura de exteriores y a la relación con los elementos del paisaje. La posterior etapa colonial fomentó la preferencia por una vida cotidiana desarrollada dentro de espacios confinados entre muros y cubiertas, siguiendo las costumbres europeas. Los ambientes al aire libre comenzaron a ser considerados como secundarios, de modo que el espacio abierto empezó a ser visto con cierta indiferencia, que paulatinamente fue en aumento; más tarde, se sentaron las bases para un proceso de deterioro ambiental que no ha cesado hasta hoy y que es particularmente notorio en la desecación de lagos y en la tala masiva de bosques. El fenómeno de la degradación del ambiente ha acelerado a la par del crecimiento desmesurado y descontrolado de las áreas urbanas del valle de México, especialmente durante las últimas décadas del siglo XX. En la zona hoy impera un círculo vicioso: la citada degradación de los ámbitos al aire libre incita a preferir ámbitos cada vez más cerrados y aislados del ambiente exterior, lo que a su vez incrementa la pérdida de calidad de los espacios a cielo abierto. Testimonios escritos hace siglos, antiguos nombres de poblaciones, topónimos y otras evidencias de siglos pasados describen de modo cualitativo e indirecto ciertas condiciones ambientales hoy desaparecidas. Destacan los indicios relativos a humedad ambiental, radiación solar y temperaturas que se han modificado negativamente tras un proceso de medio milenio de extinción de bosques y zonas lacustres. Es posible afirmar que varias condiciones ambientales predominantes en el siglo XVI, hoy desaparecidas, facilitaban la vida al aire libre. The aim of this work is to describe some climate alterations caused by environmental deterioration on the surrounding valley of Mexico City (the most populated zone of mexican central highlands), whose effects are noticeable by human comfort perception, such as humidity, solar radiation, and temperature. We have no quantitative evidences, but it’s possible to compare qualitative climate conditions from 16th to 21th centuries. In pre columbian times, almost all daily life at Mexico central valley was developed on outdoor spaces. Just a few activities took place inside indoor spaces. Precolumbian architecture is not renowned because its interior design, but by its landscape architecture. Colonial times imposed a new way to conceive quotidian life. European influences preferred indoor spaces; therefore, daily activities and open spaces started losing contact and landscape became a secondary item. Later, lake dessication and massive wood destruction processes started, accelerating along the centuries and reaching its highest point at the end of the 20th century, when metropolitan urban growing of Mexico City was out of control. Now, a vicious circle is the sovereign ruler of the valley: environmental deterioration and unpleasant, low quality outdoors instigate architects and builders to produce more isolated, indoor spaces, with more negative effects on environmental quality. Historic testimonies, ancient names of places and other evidences can describe lost environmental qualities as humidity, solar radiation and temperature, all of them substantially modified during the past five centuries. It’s possible to asseverate that in the 16th century some environmental features -now extinguished produced good conditions for outdoor daily life.
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