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Journal articles on the topic 'Human mechanics'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Human mechanics.

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 March 2023

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1

Sakai, Nobuo, Yoshinori Sawae, and Teruo Murakami. "A Development of Joint Mechanism of Robot Arm Based on Human Shoulder Morphology(Musculo-Skeletal Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.151.

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2

Edwards, J. C. W. "Mechanics of Human Joints." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.52.8.556-a.

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3

Farley, C. T., R. Blickhan, T. A. McMahon, and C. R. Taylor. "Mechanics of human hopping." Journal of Biomechanics 20, no. 9 (January 1987): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(87)90175-8.

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4

Noguchi, Tetsuo, and Tsutomu Ezumi. "Study of an Inclusion in the Human Body(Soft Tissue Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.193.

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5

Hino, S. "Structural Mechanics in Human Body." Concrete Journal 59, no. 8 (2021): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3151/coj.59.8_697.

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6

Coirault, C., B. Riou, N. Pery-Man, I. Suard, and Y. Lecarpentier. "Mechanics of human quadriceps muscle." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 1769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.4.1769.

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Mechanics of human quadriceps muscle strips (vastus lateralis; n = 10) were investigated over the whole load continuum. Mechanical experiments were performed at 29 degrees C and in both twitch and tetanus modes. For a given level of isotonic total load (P) and over a large part of the contraction phase, instantaneous velocity (V) was shown to be a unique function of instantaneous length (L), regardless of time and initial length. By considering this time- and initial length-independent mechanical property between instantaneous L and instantaneous V over the whole P continuum, a three-dimensional P-V-L relationship was constructed. Any variations in stimulation conditions modified the time-independent P-V-L diagram. Such modifications in the P-V-L relationship were characteristics of changes in contractile performance. Moreover, characteristics of the P-V relationship were investigated in both twitch and tetanus modes. The curvature of the P-V hyperbola was significantly higher in tetanus at 30 Hz than in twitch mode (P < 0.001). In conclusion, our study indicates that, in human quadriceps muscles, contractility can be defined as the time- and initial length-invariant part of a three-dimensional P-V-L relationship. Moreover, our data are consistent with an increase in economy of force generation in tetanus contractions compared with that in twitches.

7

Duckworth, Angela L., Johannes C. Eichstaedt, and Lyle H. Ungar. "The Mechanics of Human Achievement." Social and Personality Psychology Compass 9, no. 7 (July 2015): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12178.

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8

Anderson, Janelle, Chris Goplen, Lynn Murray, Kristen Seashore, Malini Soundarrajan, Andrew Lokuta, Kevin Strang, and Naomi Chesler. "Human respiratory mechanics demonstration model." Advances in Physiology Education 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.90177.2008.

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Respiratory mechanics is a difficult topic for instructors and students alike. Existing respiratory mechanics models are limited in their abilities to demonstrate any effects of rib cage movement on alveolar and intrapleural pressures. We developed a model that can be used in both large and small classroom settings. This model contains digital pressure displays and computer integration for real-time demonstration of pressure changes that correspond to the different phases of breathing. Moving the simulated diaphragm and rib cage causes a volume change that results in pressure changes visible on the digital sensors and computer display. Device testing confirmed the model's ability to accurately demonstrate pressure changes in proportion to physiological values. Classroom testing in 427 surveyed students showed improved understanding of respiratory concepts ( P < 0.05). We conclude that our respiratory mechanics model is a valuable instructional tool and provide detailed instructions for those who would like to create their own.

9

Lejeune, T. M., P. A. Willems, and N. C. Heglund. "Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 13 (July 1, 1998): 2071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.13.2071.

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Moving about in nature often involves walking or running on a soft yielding substratum such as sand, which has a profound effect on the mechanics and energetics of locomotion. Force platform and cinematographic analyses were used to determine the mechanical work performed by human subjects during walking and running on sand and on a hard surface. Oxygen consumption was used to determine the energetic cost of walking and running under the same conditions. Walking on sand requires 1.6-2.5 times more mechanical work than does walking on a hard surface at the same speed. In contrast, running on sand requires only 1.15 times more mechanical work than does running on a hard surface at the same speed. Walking on sand requires 2.1-2.7 times more energy expenditure than does walking on a hard surface at the same speed; while running on sand requires 1.6 times more energy expenditure than does running on a hard surface. The increase in energy cost is due primarily to two effects: the mechanical work done on the sand, and a decrease in the efficiency of positive work done by the muscles and tendons.

10

Kuck, Lennart, Jason N. Peart, and Michael J. Simmonds. "Active modulation of human erythrocyte mechanics." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 319, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): C250—C257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00210.2020.

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The classic view of the red blood cell (RBC) presents a biologically inert cell that upon maturation has limited capacity to alter its physical properties. This view developed largely because of the absence of translational machinery and inability to synthesize or repair proteins in circulating RBC. Recent developments have challenged this perspective, in light of observations supporting the importance of posttranslational modifications and greater understanding of ion movement in these cells, that each regulate a myriad of cellular properties. There is thus now sufficient evidence to induce a step change in understanding of RBC: rather than passively responding to the surrounding environment, these cells have the capacity to actively regulate their physical properties and thus alter flow behavior of blood. Specific evidence supports that the physical and rheological properties of RBC are subject to active modulation, primarily by the second-messenger molecules nitric oxide (NO) and calcium-ions (Ca2+). Furthermore, an isoform of nitric oxide synthase is expressed in RBC (RBC-NOS), which has been recently demonstrated to have an active role in regulating the physical properties of RBC. Mechanical stimulation of the cell membrane activates RBC-NOS, leading to NO generation, which has several intracellular effects, including the S-nitrosylation of integral membrane components. Intracellular concentration of Ca2+ is increased upon mechanical stimulation via the recently identified mechanosensitive cation channel piezo1. Increased intracellular Ca2+ modifies the physical properties of RBC by regulating cell volume and potentially altering several important intracellular proteins. A synthesis of recent advances in understanding of molecular processes within RBC thus challenges the classic view of these cells and rather indicates a highly active cell with self-regulated mechanical properties.

11

Rasmussen, John. "Challenges in human body mechanics simulation." Procedia IUTAM 2 (2011): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.piutam.2011.04.018.

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12

Bianchi, L., D. Angelini, and F. Lacquaniti. "Individual characteristics of human walking mechanics." Pfl�gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology 436, no. 3 (June 29, 1998): 343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050642.

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13

Wroe, Stephen, Toni L. Ferrara, Colin R. McHenry, Darren Curnoe, and Uphar Chamoli. "The craniomandibular mechanics of being human." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 277, no. 1700 (June 23, 2010): 3579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.0509.

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14

Caldwell, Graham E. "Human Body Dynamics: Classical Mechanics and Human Movement. Aydin Tozeren." Quarterly Review of Biology 76, no. 1 (March 2001): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/393855.

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15

Peng, Qing. "Graphene Mechanics." Crystals 9, no. 12 (November 29, 2019): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120636.

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16

Kim, Si-Yeol, and Hyeonki Choi. "IDENTIFICATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JOINT ANGLE AND MOMENT IN THE HUMAN FOOT(Musculo-Skeletal Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.145.

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17

Nakatsuchi, Hiroki, Naoyuki Watanabe, Yukio Nakatsuchi, Masahiro Kusakabe, Shigeru Tadano, Tetsuji Moriizumi, Shinichiro Mori, and Masahiro Endo. "Effect of cancellous bone on the stress distribution in the proximal human femur(Bone Mechanics)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.39.

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18

Xu, Jing, Nicola Galvanetto, Jihua Nie, Yili Yang, and Vincent Torre. "Rac1 Promotes Cell Motility by Controlling Cell Mechanics in Human Glioblastoma." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061667.

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The failure of existing therapies in treating human glioblastoma (GBM) mostly is due to the ability of GBM to infiltrate into healthy regions of the brain; however, the relationship between cell motility and cell mechanics is not well understood. Here, we used atomic force microscopy (AFM), live-cell imaging, and biochemical tools to study the connection between motility and mechanics in human GBM cells. It was found thatRac1 inactivation by genomic silencing and inhibition with EHT 1864 reduced cell motility, inhibited cell ruffles, and disrupted the dynamics of cytoskeleton organization and cell adhesion. These changes were correlated with abnormal localization of myosin IIa and a rapid suppression of the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. At the same time, AFM measurements of the GBM cells revealed a significant increase in cell elasticity and viscosity following Rac1 inhibition. These results indicate that mechanical properties profoundly affect cell motility and may play an important role in the infiltration of GBM. It is conceivable that the mechanical characters might be used as markers for further surgical and therapeutical interventions.

19

Verenikin, Aleksey, and Georgiy Kalachov. "Mechanics of a Company’s Human Assets Capitalization." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2014, no. 4 (August 31, 2014): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105201446.

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The paper considers dynamic optimization of business activities of a firm with special attention to investment in its human capital. Human capital is assumed to be increased not only as a return to the firm's investment but also via self-accumulation. Self-accumulation is a factor that can attribute a fraction of the company's market value to its human capital.

20

Bell, J. S., A. O. Adio, A. Pitt, L. Hayman, C. E. Thorn, A. C. Shore, J. L. Whatmore, and C. P. Winlove. "Microstructure and mechanics of human resistance arteries." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 311, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): H1560—H1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00002.2016.

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Vascular diseases such as diabetes and hypertension cause changes to the vasculature that can lead to vessel stiffening and the loss of vasoactivity. The microstructural bases of these changes are not presently fully understood. We present a new methodology for stain-free visualization, at a microscopic scale, of the morphology of the main passive components of the walls of unfixed resistance arteries and their response to changes in transmural pressure. Human resistance arteries were dissected from subcutaneous fat biopsies, mounted on a perfusion myograph, and imaged at varying transmural pressures using a multimodal nonlinear microscope. High-resolution three-dimensional images of elastic fibers, collagen, and cell nuclei were constructed. The honeycomb structure of the elastic fibers comprising the internal elastic layer became visible at a transmural pressure of 30 mmHg. The adventitia, comprising wavy collagen fibers punctuated by straight elastic fibers, thinned under pressure as the collagen network straightened and pulled taut. Quantitative measurements of fiber orientation were made as a function of pressure. A multilayer analytical model was used to calculate the stiffness and stress in each layer. The adventitia was calculated to be up to 10 times as stiff as the media and experienced up to 8 times the stress, depending on lumen diameter. This work reveals that pressure-induced reorganization of fibrous proteins gives rise to very high local strain fields and highlights the unique mechanical roles of both fibrous networks. It thereby provides a basis for understanding the micromechanical significance of structural changes that occur with age and disease.

21

Bank, Alan J., Daniel R. Kaiser, Scott Rajala, and Anthony Cheng. "In Vivo Human Brachial Artery Elastic Mechanics." Circulation 100, no. 1 (July 6, 1999): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.100.1.41.

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22

Lang, John C., Hans De Sterck, and Daniel M. Abrams. "The statistical mechanics of human weight change." PLOS ONE 12, no. 12 (December 18, 2017): e0189795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189795.

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23

Sathananthan, Dr Henry, Sulochana Gunasheela, and Judith Menezes. "Mechanics of human blastocyst hatching in vitro." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 7, no. 2 (January 2003): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61757-9.

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24

Zhang, Zhaoyan. "Mechanics of human voice production and control." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 2614–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4964509.

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25

Swift, J. alan. "The Mechanics of Fracture of Human Hair." International Journal of Cosmetic Science 21, no. 4 (August 1999): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-2494.1999.186942.x.

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26

Burd, Harvey J., Stuart J. Judge, and Mark J. Flavell. "Mechanics of accommodation of the human eye." Vision Research 39, no. 9 (May 1999): 1591–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(98)00298-3.

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27

Wilson, Alastair. "The human story behind Everettian quantum mechanics." Metascience 21, no. 1 (January 11, 2011): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11016-010-9510-4.

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28

Ingber, Lester, and David D. Sworder. "Statistical mechanics of combat with human factors." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 15, no. 11 (1991): 99–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(91)90108-j.

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29

Chemla, Denis, Catherine Coirault, Jean-Louis Hébert, and Yves Lecarpentier. "Mechanics of Relaxation of the Human Heart." Physiology 15, no. 2 (April 2000): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.2.78.

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Rapid and complete relaxation is a prerequisite for cardiac output adaptation to changes in loading conditions, inotropic stimulation, and heart rate. In the healthy human heart, the rate and extent of relaxation depend mainly on actomyosin cross bridge dissociation and on left ventricular end-systolic volume, rather than on the afterload level.

30

van Ingen Schenau, Gerrit Jan. "An introduction to mechanics of human movement." Human Movement Science 4, no. 1 (March 1985): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9457(85)90026-0.

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31

Manning, Keefe B. "Biofluid Mechanics: The Human Circulation (second edition)." Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology 3, no. 4 (August 21, 2012): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13239-012-0106-6.

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32

Surcel, Alexandra, Win Pin Ng, Hoku West-Foyle, Qingfeng Zhu, Yixin Ren, Lindsay B. Avery, Agata K. Krenc, et al. "Pharmacological activation of myosin II paralogs to correct cell mechanics defects." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 5 (January 20, 2015): 1428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412592112.

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Current approaches to cancer treatment focus on targeting signal transduction pathways. Here, we develop an alternative system for targeting cell mechanics for the discovery of novel therapeutics. We designed a live-cell, high-throughput chemical screen to identify mechanical modulators. We characterized 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP), which enhances the cortical localization of the mechanoenzyme myosin II, independent of myosin heavy-chain phosphorylation, thus increasing cellular cortical tension. To shift cell mechanics, 4-HAP requires myosin II, including its full power stroke, specifically activating human myosin IIB (MYH10) and human myosin IIC (MYH14), but not human myosin IIA (MYH9). We further demonstrated that invasive pancreatic cancer cells are more deformable than normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, a mechanical profile that was partially corrected with 4-HAP, which also decreased the invasion and migration of these cancer cells. Overall, 4-HAP modifies nonmuscle myosin II-based cell mechanics across phylogeny and disease states and provides proof of concept that cell mechanics offer a rich drug target space, allowing for possible corrective modulation of tumor cell behavior.

33

Hu, Yu Li, Di Liu, and Jin Feng Liu. "Analysis and Research on the Mechanics of Human Body Exoskeleton Movement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.191.

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The human skeleton is a mechanical device that people can wear. It put the human intelligence and the robot physical together, relying on human intelligence to control the robot. It is a man-machine system to finish by people's own ability which is unable to complete tasks by robot alone. This paper studies the inherent law and movement mechanics of human body load walking principle. The purpose is to realize the human skeletons wearing comfort and walking stability, and improve the accuracy of the body weight. Analysis of the effect of load on gait parameters provided the necessary theoretical basis for the design of human bones.

34

KILPATRICK, DEBORAH, CHENGPEI XU, RAYMOND VITO, and SEYMOUR GLAGOV. "CORRELATION OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND MMP-1 PRESENCE IN HUMAN ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUE." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 02, no. 01 (March 2002): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519402000137.

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Regions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity potentially increase the susceptibility of the atherosclerotic lesion to complications associated with plaque rupture. Assessing the risk posed by this mechanism requires investigating the stress-strain environment associated with matrix metalloproteinase production in heterogeneous plaque. To this end, an experimental-computational technique was developed to perform mechanical analysis of physiologically loaded, diseased human aorta in vitro and to investigate relationships between vascular mechanics, histology, and histochemistry. Mechanical data and specimen histology were coupled through a heterogeneous finite element model, and tissue constituent material properties were determined by an optimization method. The cross-sectional distribution of MMP-1 was quantified using immunohistochemical techniques. Results show stresses and strains are strongly influenced by lesion structure and composition, and MMP-1 presence is correlated with histology and lesion mechanics. Interactions between lipid presence, mechanical stimuli, and extracellular matrix metabolism-catabolism likely affect arterial plaque remodeling, progression, and the risk of disruption and clinical symptoms.

35

Jung, Jae-Eun, and Yang-Hee Nam. "Types of Gameplay Mechanics in Human Computation Games." Journal of Korea Game Society 15, no. 6 (December 30, 2015): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7583/jkgs.2015.15.6.157.

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36

Nakamura, Yuichi. "Intelligent Robotics. Intelligent Mechanics for Supporting Human Communication." Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan 16, no. 5 (1998): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.7210/jrsj.16.596.

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37

Shin, Andrew, Joseph Park, Alan Le, Vadims Poukens, and Joseph L. Demer. "Bilaminar Mechanics of the Human Optic Nerve Sheath." Current Eye Research 45, no. 7 (December 17, 2019): 854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2019.1701689.

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38

Matioli, G. T. "Statistico-mechanics of chromosomal insertions in human cancers." Medical Hypotheses 54, no. 4 (April 2000): 616–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/mehy.1999.0906.

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39

Agrawal, Paras M., and Ramesh Sharda. "OR Forum—Quantum Mechanics and Human Decision Making." Operations Research 61, no. 1 (February 2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.1120.1068.

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40

Doke, J., J. M. Donelan, and A. D. Kuo. "Mechanics and energetics of swinging the human leg." Journal of Experimental Biology 210, no. 13 (July 1, 2007): 2399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.006767.

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41

Doke, J. "Mechanics and energetics of swinging the human leg." Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. 3 (February 1, 2005): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01408.

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42

Doorly, D. J., D. J. Taylor, and R. C. Schroter. "Mechanics of airflow in the human nasal airways." Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 163, no. 1-3 (November 2008): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2008.07.027.

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43

Andriacchi, Thomas. "Mechanics of human joints: Physiology, pathophysiology, and treatment." Journal of Arthroplasty 9, no. 1 (February 1994): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0883-5403(94)90144-9.

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44

Hedges, K. L., P. J. Hunter, and M. H. Tawhai. "Coupled mechanics and airflow of a human lung." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S602—S603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)85502-8.

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45

Ooi, E. H., D. J. Smith, H. Gadêlha, E. A. Gaffney, and J. Kirkman-Brown. "The mechanics of hyperactivation in adhered human sperm." Royal Society Open Science 1, no. 2 (October 2014): 140230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.140230.

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Hyperactivation is an important phenomenon exhibited by mammalian sperm during the process of acquiring fertilization capacity. The majority of studies have focused on incubation-induced hyperactivation in non-human species, which typically differ in size, shape, and are more homogeneous than human sperm. We develop an alternative approach via drug-induction, using high-speed imaging and analysis of same-cell changes in the flagellar movement of adhered cells. Following stimulation with 4-aminopyridine, approximately two-thirds (21 of 34) of the cells analysed exhibited a waveform with a single characteristic frequency; in all cases, the frequency was lower than before stimulation. The remaining cells (13 of 34) exhibited a more complex motility with multiple-frequency modes. The lowest mode in all cases was lower than the frequency prior to stimulation. Flagellar bending increased in all cells following stimulation and was significantly greater in the multiple-frequency responders. Despite the increased bending, time-averaged hydrodynamic power dissipation decreased significantly when assessed across all cells, the effect being significantly greater in the multiple-frequency responders than single frequency. These results reveal the heterogeneity of responses of human sperm to a hyperactivating stimulus, the methodology being potentially useful for assessing dynamic responses to stimuli in human sperm, and physiological selection of cells for assisted reproduction.

46

SCHACHE, ANTHONY G., TIM W. DORN, PETER D. BLANCH, NICHOLAS A. T. BROWN, and MARCUS G. PANDY. "Mechanics of the Human Hamstring Muscles during Sprinting." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 44, no. 4 (April 2012): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318236a3d2.

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47

Ren, Jiu-sheng, and Xue-gang Yuan. "Mechanics of formation and rupture of human aneurysm." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 31, no. 5 (May 2010): 593–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-010-0507-9.

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48

Takaoka, Hideyuki, Motoshi Takeuchi, Michio Odake, Yoshihiko Hayashi, Masuki Mori, and Mitsuhiro Yokoyama. "Myocardial mechanics and energetics in human failed hearts." Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 24 (May 1992): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2828(92)90273-3.

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49

Dančuo, Zorana, Boško Rašuo, Jelena Vidaković, Vladimir Kvrgić, and Mirko Bućan. "On Mechanics of a High-G Human Centrifuge." PAMM 13, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 39–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201310015.

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50

Bryant, N. J., G. E. Woodson, K. Kaufman, C. Rosen, A. Hengesteg, N. Chen, and D. Yeung. "Human Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle Compartments: Anatomy and Mechanics." Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 122, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 1331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1996.01890240039009.

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